1
|
Minegishi Y, Ozone K, Oka Y, Kano T, Murata K, Kanemura N. Effect of repeated sciatic nerve crush on the conditioning lesion response: Generating an experimental animal model to prolong the denervation period while maintaining peripheral nerve continuity. Neurosci Lett 2024; 836:137879. [PMID: 38880353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves exhibit long-term residual motor dysfunction following injury. The length of the denervation period before nerve and muscle reconnection is an important factor in motor function recovery. We aimed to investigate whether repeated nerve crush injuries to the same site every 7 days would preserve the conditioning lesion (CL) response and to determine the number of nerve crush injuries required to create an experimental animal model that would prolong the denervation period while maintaining peripheral nerve continuity. Rats were grouped according to the number of sciatic nerve crushes. A significant decrease in the soleus muscle fiber cross-sectional area was observed with increased crushes. After a single crush, macrophage accumulation and macrophage chemotaxis factor CCL2 expression in dorsal root ganglia were markedly increased, which aligned with the gene expression of Ccl2 and its receptor Ccr2. Macrophage numbers, histological CCL2 expression, and Ccl2 and Ccr2 gene expression levels decreased, depending on the number of repeated crushes. Histological analysis and gene expression analysis in the group with four repeated crushes did not differ significantly when compared with uninjured animals. Our findings indicated that repeated nerve crushes at the same site every 7 days sustained innervation loss and caused a loss of the CL response. The experimental model did not require nerve stump suturing and is useful for exploring factors causing prolonged denervation-induced motor dysfunction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study elucidates the effects of repeated nerve crush injury to the same site on innervation and conditioning lesion responses and demonstrates the utility of an experimental animal model that recapitulates the persistent residual motor deficits owing to prolonged denervation without requiring nerve transection and transection suturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Minegishi
- Physical Therapy Course, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Institute of Medical Science, Irumagun 350-0435, Japan; Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya 343-8540, Japan
| | - Kaichi Ozone
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya 343-8540, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Oka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takuma Kano
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya 343-8540, Japan; Soka Orthopedic Internal Medicine, Soka 340-0016, Japan
| | - Kenji Murata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya 343-8540, Japan
| | - Naohiko Kanemura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya 343-8540, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paul D, Dixit AB, Srivastava A, Banerjee J, Tripathi M, Suman P, Doddamani R, Lalwani S, Siraj F, Sharma MC, Chandra PS, Singh RK. Altered expression of activating transcription factor 3 in the hippocampus of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy-hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS). Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:267-273. [PMID: 35822277 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study: Activating Transforming factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress induced gene and closely associated with neuro-inflammation while Transforming growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) signalling is also reported to be involved in neuro-inflammation and hyper-excitability associated with drug resistant epilepsy. Animal model studies indicate the involvement of ATF3 and TGFβ receptors to promote epileptogenesis. Human studies also show that TGFβ signalling is activated in MTLE-HS. However, lack of studies on ATF3 and TGFβRI expression in MTLE-HS patients exists. We hypothesize that ATF3 and TGFβRI might be expressed in hippocampi of patients with MTLE-HS and playing role in epileptogenesis. Materials & methods: Protein expression of ATF3 and TGFβRI was performed by western blotting. Localisation of ATF3 was performed by immunohistochemistry and immunoflorescence. Results: Protein expression of ATF3 and TGFβRI was significantly up-regulated in hippocampi of patients as compared to controls. Also ATF3 IR was significantly expressed in hippocampi of patients and ATF3 was expressed predominantly in cytoplasm as compared to nucleus. No correlation was found between ATF3 expression and epilepsy duration and seizure frequency. Conclusions: ATF3 and TGFβRI are both important players in neuro-inflammation and might potentiate epileptogenesis in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Paul
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpna Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Suman
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Doddamani
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Lalwani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Fouzia Siraj
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cong M, Li J, Wang L, Liu C, Zheng M, Zhou Q, Du M, Ye X, Feng M, Ye Y, Zhang S, Xu W, Lu Y, Wang C, Xia Y, Xie H, Zhang Y, He Q, Gong L, Gu Y, Sun H, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Ding F, Gu X, Zhou S. MircoRNA-25-3p in skin precursor cell-induced Schwann cell-derived extracellular vesicles promotes axon regeneration by targeting Tgif1. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114750. [PMID: 38492636 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Nerve injury often leads to severe dysfunction because of the lack of axon regeneration in adult mammal. Intriguingly a series of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the obvious ability to accelerate the nerve repair. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms to describe that EVs switch neuron from a transmitter to a regenerative state have not been elucidated. This study elucidated the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of two types of EVs that promote nerve regeneration. The functions of these miRNAs were screened in vitro. Among the 12 overlapping miRNAs, miR-25-3p was selected for further analysis as it markedly promoted axon regeneration both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown experiments confirmed that PTEN and Klf4, which are the major inhibitors of axon regeneration, were the direct targets of miR-25-3p in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The utilization of luciferase reporter assays and functional tests provided evidence that miR-25-3p enhances axon regeneration by targeting Tgif1. Additionally, miR-25-3p upregulated the phosphorylation of Erk. Furthermore, Rapamycin modulated the expression of miR-25-3p in DRG neurons. Finally, the pro-axon regeneration effects of EVs were confirmed by overexpressing miR-25-3p and Tgif1 knockdown in the optic nerve crush model. Thus, the enrichment of miR-25-3p in EVs suggests that it regulates axon regeneration, proving a potential cell-free treatment strategy for nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Mengru Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Mingzhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xinli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yujiao Ye
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yingjie Xia
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- The Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Yide Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianru He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Leilei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Xu T, Xie J, Wu H, Hu W, Yuan X. MSC-derived mitochondria promote axonal regeneration via Atf3 gene up-regulation by ROS induced DNA double strand breaks at transcription initiation region. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:240. [PMID: 38664711 PMCID: PMC11046838 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repair of peripheral nerve injury poses a clinical challenge, necessitating further investigation into novel therapeutic approaches. In recent years, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived mitochondrial transfer has emerged as a promising therapy for cellular injury, with reported applications in central nerve injury. However, its potential therapeutic effect on peripheral nerve injury remains unclear. METHODS We established a mouse sciatic nerve crush injury model. Mitochondria extracted from MSCs were intraneurally injected into the injured sciatic nerves. Axonal regeneration was observed through whole-mount nerve imaging. The dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) corresponding to the injured nerve were harvested to test the gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, as well as the degree and location of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). RESULTS The in vivo experiments showed that the mitochondrial injection therapy effectively promoted axon regeneration in injured sciatic nerves. Four days after injection of fluorescently labeled mitochondria into the injured nerves, fluorescently labeled mitochondria were detected in the corresponding DRGs. RNA-seq and qPCR results showed that the mitochondrial injection therapy enhanced the expression of Atf3 and other regeneration-associated genes in DRG neurons. Knocking down of Atf3 in DRGs by siRNA could diminish the therapeutic effect of mitochondrial injection. Subsequent experiments showed that mitochondrial injection therapy could increase the levels of ROS and DSBs in injury-associated DRG neurons, with this increase being correlated with Atf3 expression. ChIP and Co-IP experiments revealed an elevation of DSB levels within the transcription initiation region of the Atf3 gene following mitochondrial injection therapy, while also demonstrating a spatial proximity between mitochondria-induced DSBs and CTCF binding sites. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MSC-derived mitochondria injected into the injured nerves can be retrogradely transferred to DRG neuron somas via axoplasmic transport, and increase the DSBs at the transcription initiation regions of the Atf3 gene through ROS accumulation, which rapidly release the CTCF-mediated topological constraints on chromatin interactions. This process may enhance spatial interactions between the Atf3 promoter and enhancer, ultimately promoting Atf3 expression. The up-regulation of Atf3 induced by mitochondria further promotes the expression of downstream regeneration-associated genes and facilitates axon regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchi Zhang
- Department of Traumatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Traumatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- Department of Traumatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yaghmaeian Salmani B, Lahti L, Gillberg L, Jacobsen JK, Mantas I, Svenningsson P, Perlmann T. Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion model. eLife 2024; 12:RP89482. [PMID: 38587883 PMCID: PMC11001297 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons comprise diverse cells with unique innervation targets and functions. This is illustrated by the selective sensitivity of mDA neurons of the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) in patients with Parkinson's disease, while those in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively spared. Here, we used single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of approximately 70,000 mouse midbrain cells to build a high-resolution atlas of mouse mDA neuron diversity at the molecular level. The results showed that differences between mDA neuron groups could best be understood as a continuum without sharp differences between subtypes. Thus, we assigned mDA neurons to several 'territories' and 'neighborhoods' within a shifting gene expression landscape where boundaries are gradual rather than discrete. Based on the enriched gene expression patterns of these territories and neighborhoods, we were able to localize them in the adult mouse midbrain. Moreover, because the underlying mechanisms for the variable sensitivities of diverse mDA neurons to pathological insults are not well understood, we analyzed surviving neurons after partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions to unravel gene expression patterns that correlate with mDA neuron vulnerability and resilience. Together, this atlas provides a basis for further studies on the neurophysiological role of mDA neurons in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Lahti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Linda Gillberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jesper Kjaer Jacobsen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Ioannis Mantas
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Thomas Perlmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gordon T. Brief Electrical Stimulation Promotes Recovery after Surgical Repair of Injured Peripheral Nerves. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:665. [PMID: 38203836 PMCID: PMC10779324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Injured peripheral nerves regenerate their axons in contrast to those in the central nervous system. Yet, functional recovery after surgical repair is often disappointing. The basis for poor recovery is progressive deterioration with time and distance of the growth capacity of the neurons that lose their contact with targets (chronic axotomy) and the growth support of the chronically denervated Schwann cells (SC) in the distal nerve stumps. Nonetheless, chronically denervated atrophic muscle retains the capacity for reinnervation. Declining electrical activity of motoneurons accompanies the progressive fall in axotomized neuronal and denervated SC expression of regeneration-associated-genes and declining regenerative success. Reduced motoneuronal activity is due to the withdrawal of synaptic contacts from the soma. Exogenous neurotrophic factors that promote nerve regeneration can replace the endogenous factors whose expression declines with time. But the profuse axonal outgrowth they provoke and the difficulties in their delivery hinder their efficacy. Brief (1 h) low-frequency (20 Hz) electrical stimulation (ES) proximal to the injury site promotes the expression of endogenous growth factors and, in turn, dramatically accelerates axon outgrowth and target reinnervation. The latter ES effect has been demonstrated in both rats and humans. A conditioning ES of intact nerve days prior to nerve injury increases axonal outgrowth and regeneration rate. Thereby, this form of ES is amenable for nerve transfer surgeries and end-to-side neurorrhaphies. However, additional surgery for applying the required electrodes may be a hurdle. ES is applicable in all surgeries with excellent outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gordon
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4G 1X8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krishnan A, Verge VMK, Zochodne DW. Hallmarks of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 201:1-17. [PMID: 38697733 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90108-6.00014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves are functional networks in the body. Disruption of these networks induces varied functional consequences depending on the types of nerves and organs affected. Despite the advances in microsurgical repair and understanding of nerve regeneration biology, restoring full functions after severe traumatic nerve injuries is still far from achieved. While a blunted growth response from axons and errors in axon guidance due to physical barriers may surface as the major hurdles in repairing nerves, critical additional cellular and molecular aspects challenge the orderly healing of injured nerves. Understanding the systematic reprogramming of injured nerves at the cellular and molecular levels, referred to here as "hallmarks of nerve injury regeneration," will offer better ideas. This chapter discusses the hallmarks of nerve injury and regeneration and critical points of failures in the natural healing process. Potential pharmacological and nonpharmacological intervention points for repairing nerves are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre (CMSNRC), Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Valerie M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre (CMSNRC), Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song G, Wang J, Liu J, Ruan Y. Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates erectile dysfunction in bilateral cavernous nerve injury rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis of nerve via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102938. [PMID: 37931471 PMCID: PMC10652210 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic potential of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in improving erectile function of bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) rats, along with elucidating its underlying mechanisms. METHODS A BCNI rat model was established by clamping bilateral cavernous nerve (CN). DMF was given by gavage at low (20 mg/kg/day) and high (40 mg/kg/day) dosages for a duration of 4 weeks. Erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of CN. Penis and CN tissues were collected for subsequent analysis. Additionally, PC-12 cell line was used to verify the mechanism of DMF in vitro. Nfe2l2 or Ho-1 gene knockdown PC-12 cell lines were constructed by lentiviral transfection, respectively. A damaged cell model was induced using H2O2. And then molecular biological methods were employed to analyze cellular molecules and proteins. RESULTS DMF administration for 4 weeks led to improvements in erectile function, reduced fibrosis of penis corpus cavernosum in BCNI rats. The morphology of CN was improved and the number of nerve fibers increased. Furthermore, the levels of nNOS, NO, and cGMP were increased, while Ca2+ was decreased in penis corpus cavernosum. Notably, the levels of ROS, 3-NT and NLRP3 inflammasomes production were reduced, alongside increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the dorsal penile nerve (DPN) and CN. In vitro, DMF increased cell viability, reduced ROS level, promoted SOD, diminished 3-NT, MDA and DNA damage markers, and inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in H2O2 induced PC-12 cells. Nfe2l2 knockdown and Ho-1 knockdown significantly attenuated the protective effect of DMF, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of ROS production by N-acetylcysteine led to a reduction in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in H2O2 induced PC-12 cells. CONCLUSIONS DMF improved erectile function of BCNI rats by protecting nerves through inhibiting oxidative stress and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoda Song
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Second Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Halawani D, Estill M, Ramakrishnan A, Shen L, Friedel RH, Zou H. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor restricts axon regeneration of DRG neurons in response to injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.04.565649. [PMID: 37961567 PMCID: PMC10635160 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.04.565649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Injured neurons sense environmental cues to balance neural protection and axon regeneration, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we unveil aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated bHLH-PAS transcription factor, as molecular sensor and key regulator of acute stress response at the expense of axon regeneration. We demonstrate responsiveness of DRG sensory neurons to ligand-mediated AhR signaling, which functions to inhibit axon regeneration. Ahr deletion mimics the conditioning lesion in priming DRG to initiate axonogenesis gene programs; upon peripheral axotomy, Ahr ablation suppresses inflammation and stress signaling while augmenting pro-growth pathways. Moreover, comparative transcriptomics revealed signaling interactions between AhR and HIF-1α, two structurally related bHLH-PAS α units that share the dimerization partner Arnt/HIF-1β. Functional assays showed that the growth advantage of AhR-deficient DRG neurons requires HIF-1α; but in the absence of Arnt, DRG neurons can still mount a regenerative response. We further unveil a link between bHLH-PAS transcription factors and DNA hydroxymethylation in response to peripheral axotomy, while neuronal single cell RNA-seq analysis revealed a link of the AhR regulon to RNA polymerase III regulation and integrated stress response (ISR). Altogether, AhR activation favors stress coping and inflammation at the expense of axon regeneration; targeting AhR can enhance nerve repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Wang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Current address: Sport Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dalia Halawani
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Molly Estill
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Roland H. Friedel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nachnani R, Sepulveda DE, Booth JL, Zhou S, Graziane NM, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE. Chronic Cannabigerol as an Effective Therapeutic for Cisplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1442. [PMID: 37895913 PMCID: PMC10610438 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabigerol (CBG), derived from the cannabis plant, acts as an acute analgesic in a model of cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in mice. There are no curative, long-lasting treatments for CIPN available to humans. We investigated the ability of chronic CBG to alleviate mechanical hypersensitivity due to CIPN in mice by measuring responses to 7 and 14 days of daily CBG. We found that CBG treatment (i.p.) for 7 and 14 consecutive days significantly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity in male and female mice with CIPN and reduced pain sensitivity up to 60-70% of baseline levels (p < 0.001 for all), 24 h after the last injection. Additionally, we found that daily treatment with CBG did not evoke tolerance and did not incur significant weight change or adverse events. The efficacy of CBG was independent of the estrous cycle phase. Therefore, chronic CBG administration can provide at least 24 h of antinociceptive effect in mice. These findings support the study of CBG as a long-lasting neuropathic pain therapy, which acts without tolerance in both males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Nachnani
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.E.S.); (N.M.G.); (K.E.V.)
| | - Diana E. Sepulveda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.E.S.); (N.M.G.); (K.E.V.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Shouhao Zhou
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Nicholas M. Graziane
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.E.S.); (N.M.G.); (K.E.V.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Wesley M. Raup-Konsavage
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.E.S.); (N.M.G.); (K.E.V.)
| | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.E.S.); (N.M.G.); (K.E.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Hong Q, Xia Y, Zhang Z, Wen B. The Lysine Demethylase KDM7A Regulates Immediate Early Genes in Neurons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301367. [PMID: 37565374 PMCID: PMC10558696 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysine demethylase KDM7A removes histone modifications H3K9me1/2 and H3K27me1/2. KDM7A plays critical roles in gene expression and contribute to biological processes including tumorigenesis, metabolism, and embryonic development. However, the functions of KDM7A in mammalian nervous system are still poorly explored. In this study, functional roles of KDM7A are comprehensively investigated in neuronal cells by applying CUT&Tag-seq, RNA-seq and mice models. Knockdown of Kdm7a in N2A cells result in the alteration of histone modifications near transcription start sites (TSSs) and the expression changes of a large number of genes. In particular, the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs), a series of genes maintaining the function of the nervous system and associating with neurological disorders, are significantly decreased upon Kdm7a knockdown. Furthermore, in vivo knockdown of Kdm7a in dentate gyrus (DG) neuron of mice hippocampus, via Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based stereotaxic microinjection, led to a significant decrease of the expression of c-Fos, a marker of neuron activity. Behavior assays in mice further revealed that Kdm7a knockdown in hippocampus repress neuron activity, which leading to impairment of emotion and memory. Collectively, the study reveals that KDM7A affects neuron functions by regulating IEGs, which may provide new clues for understanding epigenetic mechanisms in neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University200032130 Dong An RoadShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Hong
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Center for Experimental Research in Clinical MedicineFujian Provincial Hospital134 East StreetFuzhou350001China
| | - Yueyue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University200032130 Dong An RoadShanghaiChina
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University200032130 Dong An RoadShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Wen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University200032130 Dong An RoadShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie L, Yin Y, Jayakar S, Kawaguchi R, Wang Q, Peterson S, Shi C, Turnes BL, Zhang Z, Oses-Prieto J, Li J, Burlingame A, Woolf CJ, Geschwind D, Rasband M, Benowitz LI. The oncomodulin receptor ArmC10 enables axon regeneration in mice after nerve injury and neurite outgrowth in human iPSC-derived sensory neurons. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg6241. [PMID: 37556559 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg6241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Oncomodulin (Ocm) is a myeloid cell-derived growth factor that enables axon regeneration in mice and rats after optic nerve injury or peripheral nerve injury, yet the mechanisms underlying its activity are unknown. Using proximity biotinylation, coimmunoprecipitation, surface plasmon resonance, and ectopic expression, we have identified armadillo-repeat protein C10 (ArmC10) as a high-affinity receptor for Ocm. ArmC10 deletion suppressed inflammation-induced axon regeneration in the injured optic nerves of mice. ArmC10 deletion also suppressed the ability of lesioned sensory neurons to regenerate peripheral axons rapidly after a second injury and to regenerate their central axons after spinal cord injury in mice (the conditioning lesion effect). Conversely, Ocm acted through ArmC10 to accelerate optic nerve and peripheral nerve regeneration and to enable spinal cord axon regeneration in these mouse nerve injury models. We showed that ArmC10 is highly expressed in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons and that exposure to Ocm altered gene expression and enhanced neurite outgrowth. ArmC10 was also expressed in human monocytes, and Ocm increased the expression of immune modulatory genes in these cells. These findings suggest that Ocm acting through its receptor ArmC10 may be a useful therapeutic target for nerve repair and immune modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuqin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Selwyn Jayakar
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sheri Peterson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caleb Shi
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bruna Lenfers Turnes
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zihe Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, UCSF, Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Al Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, UCSF, Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang D, Zheng T, Zhou S, Liu M, Liu Y, Gu X, Mao S, Yu B. Promoting axon regeneration by inhibiting RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylase ALKBH5. eLife 2023; 12:e85309. [PMID: 37535403 PMCID: PMC10400074 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A key limiting factor of successful axon regeneration is the intrinsic regenerative ability in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies have identified intrinsic regenerative ability regulators that act on gene expression in injured neurons. However, it is less known whether RNA modifications play a role in this process. Here, we systematically screened the functions of all common m6A modification-related enzymes in axon regeneration and report ALKBH5, an evolutionarily conserved RNA m6A demethylase, as a regulator of axonal regeneration in rodents. In PNS, knockdown of ALKBH5 enhanced sensory axonal regeneration, whereas overexpressing ALKBH5 impaired axonal regeneration in an m6A-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 increased the stability of Lpin2 mRNA and thus limited regenerative growth associated lipid metabolism in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Moreover, in CNS, knockdown of ALKBH5 enhanced the survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury. Together, our results suggest a novel mechanism regulating axon regeneration and point ALKBH5 as a potential target for promoting axon regeneration in both PNS and CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Tiemei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Mingwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yaobo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University; Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Susu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abou-El-Hassan H, Rezende RM, Izzy S, Gabriely G, Yahya T, Tatematsu BK, Habashy KJ, Lopes JR, de Oliveira GLV, Maghzi AH, Yin Z, Cox LM, Krishnan R, Butovsky O, Weiner HL. Vγ1 and Vγ4 gamma-delta T cells play opposing roles in the immunopathology of traumatic brain injury in males. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4286. [PMID: 37463881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of TBI. Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells have been shown to affect brain immunopathology in multiple different conditions, however, their role in acute and chronic TBI is largely unknown. Here, we show that γδ T cells affect the pathophysiology of TBI as early as one day and up to one year following injury in a mouse model. TCRδ-/- mice are characterized by reduced inflammation in acute TBI and improved neurocognitive functions in chronic TBI. We find that the Vγ1 and Vγ4 γδ T cell subsets play opposing roles in TBI. Vγ4 γδ T cells infiltrate the brain and secrete IFN-γ and IL-17 that activate microglia and induce neuroinflammation. Vγ1 γδ T cells, however, secrete TGF-β that maintains microglial homeostasis and dampens TBI upon infiltrating the brain. These findings provide new insights on the role of different γδ T cell subsets after brain injury and lay down the principles for the development of targeted γδ T-cell-based therapy for TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saef Izzy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taha Yahya
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruna K Tatematsu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl J Habashy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliana R Lopes
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gislane L V de Oliveira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir-Hadi Maghzi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhuoran Yin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh Krishnan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wlaschin JJ, Donahue C, Gluski J, Osborne JF, Ramos LM, Silberberg H, Le Pichon CE. Promoting regeneration while blocking cell death preserves motor neuron function in a model of ALS. Brain 2023; 146:2016-2028. [PMID: 36342754 PMCID: PMC10411937 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and fatal neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons with very few treatment options. We had previously found that motor neuron degeneration in a mouse model of ALS can be delayed by deleting the axon damage sensor MAP3K12 or dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK). However, DLK is also involved in axon regeneration, prompting us to ask whether combining DLK deletion with a way to promote axon regeneration would result in greater motor neuron protection. To achieve this, we used a mouse line that constitutively expresses ATF3, a master regulator of regeneration in neurons. Although there is precedence for each individual strategy in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, these have not previously been combined. By several lines of evidence including motor neuron electrophysiology, histology and behaviour, we observed a powerful synergy when combining DLK deletion with ATF3 expression. The combinatorial strategy resulted in significant protection of motor neurons with fewer undergoing cell death, reduced axon degeneration and preservation of motor function and connectivity to muscle. This study provides a demonstration of the power of combinatorial therapy to treat neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josette J Wlaschin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Caroline Donahue
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacob Gluski
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer F Osborne
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leana M Ramos
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hanna Silberberg
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claire E Le Pichon
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Calvo PM, de la Cruz RR, Pastor AM, Alvarez FJ. Preservation of KCC2 expression in axotomized abducens motoneurons and its enhancement by VEGF. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:967-984. [PMID: 37005931 PMCID: PMC10428176 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is the main Cl- extruder in neurons. Any alteration in KCC2 levels leads to changes in Cl- homeostasis and, consequently, in the polarity and amplitude of inhibitory synaptic potentials mediated by GABA or glycine. Axotomy downregulates KCC2 in many different motoneurons and it is suspected that interruption of muscle-derived factors maintaining motoneuron KCC2 expression is in part responsible. In here, we demonstrate that KCC2 is expressed in all oculomotor nuclei of cat and rat, but while trochlear and oculomotor motoneurons downregulate KCC2 after axotomy, expression is unaltered in abducens motoneurons. Exogenous application of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a neurotrophic factor expressed in muscle, upregulated KCC2 in axotomized abducens motoneurons above control levels. In parallel, a physiological study using cats chronically implanted with electrodes for recording abducens motoneurons in awake animals, demonstrated that inhibitory inputs related to off-fixations and off-directed saccades in VEGF-treated axotomized abducens motoneurons were significantly higher than in control, but eye-related excitatory signals in the on direction were unchanged. This is the first report of lack of KCC2 regulation in a motoneuron type after injury, proposing a role for VEGF in KCC2 regulation and demonstrating the link between KCC2 and synaptic inhibition in awake, behaving animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Calvo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rosa R de la Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Angel M Pastor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marshall KL, Rajbhandari L, Venkatesan A, Maragakis NJ, Farah MH. Enhanced axonal regeneration of ALS patient iPSC-derived motor neurons harboring SOD1 A4V mutation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5597. [PMID: 37020097 PMCID: PMC10076424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons that leads to muscle weakness, paralysis, and death, but the effects of disease-causing mutations on axonal outgrowth of neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived motor neurons (hiPSC-MN) are poorly understood. The use of hiPSC-MN is a promising tool to develop more relevant models for target identification and drug development in ALS research, but questions remain concerning the effects of distinct disease-causing mutations on axon regeneration. Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were the first to be discovered in ALS patients. Here, we investigated the effect of the SOD1A4V mutation on axonal regeneration of hiPSC-MNs, utilizing compartmentalized microfluidic devices, which are powerful tools for studying hiPSC-MN distal axons. Surprisingly, SOD1+/A4V hiPSC-MNs regenerated axons more quickly following axotomy than those expressing the native form of SOD1. Though initial axon regrowth was not significantly different following axotomy, enhanced regeneration was apparent at later time points, indicating an increased rate of outgrowth. This regeneration model could be used to identify factors that enhance the rate of human axon regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Marshall
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The John G. Rangos Sr. Building, Room 239, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Labchan Rajbhandari
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The John G. Rangos Sr. Building, Room 239, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Arun Venkatesan
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The John G. Rangos Sr. Building, Room 239, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas J Maragakis
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The John G. Rangos Sr. Building, Room 239, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mohamed H Farah
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The John G. Rangos Sr. Building, Room 239, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Starinets A, Tyrtyshnaia A, Manzhulo I. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Synaptamide in the Peripheral Nervous System in a Model of Sciatic Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076273. [PMID: 37047247 PMCID: PMC10093792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA), or synaptamide, is an endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that exhibits synaptogenic and neurogenic effects. In our previous studies, synaptamide administration inhibited the neuropathic pain-like behavior and reduced inflammation in the central nervous system following sciatic nerve injury. In the present study, we examine the effect of synaptamide on the peripheral nervous system in a neuropathic pain condition. The dynamics of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (iba-1), CD68, CD163, myelin basic protein, and the production of interleukin 1β and 6 within the sciatic nerve, as well as the neuro-glial index and the activity of iba-1, CD163, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), substance P (SP), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), are studied. According to our results, synaptamide treatment (4 mg/kg/day) (1) decreases the weight-bearing deficit after nerve trauma; (2) enhances the remyelination process in the sciatic nerve; (3) shows anti-inflammatory properties in the peripheral nervous system; (4) decreases the neuro-glial index and GFAP immunoreactivity in the DRG; (5) inhibits nNOS- and SP-ergic activity in the DRG, which might contribute to neuropathic pain attenuation. In general, the current study demonstrates the complex effect of synaptamide on nerve injury, which indicates its high potential for neuropathic pain management.
Collapse
|
19
|
Feng R, Muraleedharan Saraswathy V, Mokalled MH, Cavalli V. Self-renewing macrophages in dorsal root ganglia contribute to promote nerve regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215906120. [PMID: 36763532 PMCID: PMC9963351 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215906120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons located in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) convey sensory information from peripheral tissue to the brain. After peripheral nerve injury, sensory neurons switch to a regenerative state to enable axon regeneration and functional recovery. This process is not cell autonomous and requires glial and immune cells. Macrophages in the DRG (DRGMacs) accumulate in response to nerve injury, but their origin and function remain unclear. Here, we mapped the fate and response of DRGMacs to nerve injury using macrophage depletion, fate-mapping, and single-cell transcriptomics. We identified three subtypes of DRGMacs after nerve injury in addition to a small population of circulating bone-marrow-derived precursors. Self-renewing macrophages, which proliferate from local resident macrophages, represent the largest population of DRGMacs. The other two subtypes include microglia-like cells and macrophage-like satellite glial cells (SGCs) (Imoonglia). We show that self-renewing DRGMacs contribute to promote axon regeneration. Using single-cell transcriptomics data and CellChat to simulate intercellular communication, we reveal that macrophages express the neuroprotective and glioprotective ligand prosaposin and communicate with SGCs via the prosaposin receptor GPR37L1. These data highlight that DRGMacs have the capacity to self-renew, similarly to microglia in the Central nervous system (CNS) and contribute to promote axon regeneration. These data also reveal the heterogeneity of DRGMacs and their potential neuro- and glioprotective roles, which may inform future therapeutic approaches to treat nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Vishnu Muraleedharan Saraswathy
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Mayssa H. Mokalled
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Holland SD, Ramer MS. Microglial activating transcription factor 3 upregulation: An indirect target to attenuate inflammation in the nervous system. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1150296. [PMID: 37033378 PMCID: PMC10076742 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1150296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) is upregulated in reaction to several cellular stressors found in a wide range of pathological conditions to coordinate a transcriptional response. ATF3 was first implicated in the transcriptional reaction to axotomy when its massive upregulation was measured in sensory and motor neuron cell bodies following peripheral nerve injury. It has since been shown to be critical for successful axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system and a promising target to mitigate regenerative failure in the central nervous system. However, much of the research to date has focused on ATF3's function in neurons, leaving the expression, function, and therapeutic potential of ATF3 in glia largely unexplored. In the immunology literature ATF3 is seen as a master regulator of the innate immune system. Specifically, in macrophages following pathogen or damage associated molecular pattern receptor activation and subsequent cytokine release, ATF3 upregulation abrogates the inflammatory response. Importantly, ATF3 upregulation is not exclusively due to cellular stress exposure but has been achieved by the administration of several small molecules. In the central nervous system, microglia represent the resident macrophage population and are therefore of immediate interest with respect to ATF3 induction. It is our perspective that the potential of inducing ATF3 expression to dampen inflammatory microglial phenotype represents an unexplored therapeutic target and may have synergistic benefits when paired with concomitant neuronal ATF3 upregulation. This would be of particular benefit in pathologies that involve both detrimental inflammation and neuronal damage including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and stroke.
Collapse
|
21
|
Blockade of Cholecystokinin Type 2 Receptors Prevents the Onset of Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122823. [PMID: 36559317 PMCID: PMC9788598 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vincristine (VCR) is responsible for the onset of the VCR-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN), associated with neuropathic pain. Several reports have strongly linked the cholecystokinin type 2 receptor (CCK2R) to nociceptive modulation. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the effect of CCK2R blockade on the onset of VIPN, as well as its interaction on VCR anticancer efficacy. VCR was administrated in mice for 8 days (100 µg/kg/d, i.p.). Transcriptomic analysis of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was performed at day 7 in VCR and control mice. Proglumide (30 mg/kg/d), a CCK1R and CCK2R antagonist, and Ly225910 (1 mg/kg/d), a selective CCK2R antagonist, were administrated one day before and during VCR treatment. Tactile sensitivity was assessed during treatments. Immunofluorescence and morphological analyses were performed on the skin, DRG and sciatic nerve at day 7. The cytotoxicity of VCR in combination with proglumide/Ly225910 was evaluated in human cancer cell lines. Cck2r was highly upregulated in the DRG of VCR mice. Proglumide accelerated the recovery of normal sensitivity, while Ly225910 totally prevented the onset of allodynia and nerve injuries induced by VCR. Proglumide or Ly225910 in combination with VCR did not affect the cytotoxicity of VCR. Targeting CCK2R could therefore be an effective strategy to prevent the onset of VIPN.
Collapse
|
22
|
A new mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2J neuropathy replicates human axonopathy and suggest alteration in axo-glia communication. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010477. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is essential for rapid nerve impulse propagation and axon protection. Accordingly, defects in myelination or myelin maintenance lead to secondary axonal damage and subsequent degeneration. Studies utilizing genetic (CNPase-, MAG-, and PLP-null mice) and naturally occurring neuropathy models suggest that myelinating glia also support axons independently from myelin. Myelin protein zero (MPZ or P0), which is expressed only by Schwann cells, is critical for myelin formation and maintenance in the peripheral nervous system. Many mutations in MPZ are associated with demyelinating neuropathies (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B [CMT1B]). Surprisingly, the substitution of threonine by methionine at position 124 of P0 (P0T124M) causes axonal neuropathy (CMT2J) with little to no myelin damage. This disease provides an excellent paradigm to understand how myelinating glia support axons independently from myelin. To study this, we generated targeted knock-in MpzT124M mutant mice, a genetically authentic model of T124M-CMT2J neuropathy. Similar to patients, these mice develop axonopathy between 2 and 12 months of age, characterized by impaired motor performance, normal nerve conduction velocities but reduced compound motor action potential amplitudes, and axonal damage with only minor compact myelin modifications. Mechanistically, we detected metabolic changes that could lead to axonal degeneration, and prominent alterations in non-compact myelin domains such as paranodes, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, and gap junctions, implicated in Schwann cell-axon communication and axonal metabolic support. Finally, we document perturbed mitochondrial size and distribution along MpzT124M axons suggesting altered axonal transport. Our data suggest that Schwann cells in P0T124M mutant mice cannot provide axons with sufficient trophic support, leading to reduced ATP biosynthesis and axonopathy. In conclusion, the MpzT124M mouse model faithfully reproduces the human neuropathy and represents a unique tool for identifying the molecular basis for glial support of axons.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wei X, Fu S, Li H, Liu Y, Wang S, Feng W, Yang Y, Liu X, Zeng YY, Cheng M, Lai Y, Qiu X, Wu L, Zhang N, Jiang Y, Xu J, Su X, Peng C, Han L, Lou WPK, Liu C, Yuan Y, Ma K, Yang T, Pan X, Gao S, Chen A, Esteban MA, Yang H, Wang J, Fan G, Liu L, Chen L, Xu X, Fei JF, Gu Y. Single-cell Stereo-seq reveals induced progenitor cells involved in axolotl brain regeneration. Science 2022; 377:eabp9444. [PMID: 36048929 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp9444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying brain regeneration in vertebrates remains elusive. We performed spatial enhanced resolution omics sequencing (Stereo-seq) to capture spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes of axolotl telencephalon sections during development and regeneration. Annotated cell types exhibited distinct spatial distribution, molecular features, and functions. We identified an injury-induced ependymoglial cell cluster at the wound site as a progenitor cell population for the potential replenishment of lost neurons, through a cell state transition process resembling neurogenesis during development. Transcriptome comparisons indicated that these induced cells may originate from local resident ependymoglial cells. We further uncovered spatially defined neurons at the lesion site that may regress to an immature neuron-like state. Our work establishes spatial transcriptome profiles of an anamniote tetrapod brain and decodes potential neurogenesis from ependymoglial cells for development and regeneration, thus providing mechanistic insights into vertebrate brain regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wei
- BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310012, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Sulei Fu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hanbo Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China.,Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weimin Feng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunzhi Yang
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | | | - Yan-Yun Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengnan Cheng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaojie Qiu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Yujia Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jiangshan Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lei Han
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wilson Pak-Kin Lou
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Tao Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Xiangyu Pan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | | | - Ao Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310012, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ji-Feng Fei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310012, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Avraham O, Le J, Leahy K, Li T, Zhao G, Cavalli V. Analysis of neuronal injury transcriptional response identifies CTCF and YY1 as co-operating factors regulating axon regeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:967472. [PMID: 36081575 PMCID: PMC9446241 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.967472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Injured sensory neurons activate a transcriptional program necessary for robust axon regeneration and eventual target reinnervation. Understanding the transcriptional regulators that govern this axon regenerative response may guide therapeutic strategies to promote axon regeneration in the injured nervous system. Here, we used cultured dorsal root ganglia neurons to identify pro-regenerative transcription factors. Using RNA sequencing, we first characterized this neuronal culture and determined that embryonic day 13.5 DRG (eDRG) neurons cultured for 7 days are similar to e15.5 DRG neurons in vivo and that all neuronal subtypes are represented. This eDRG neuronal culture does not contain other non-neuronal cell types. Next, we performed RNA sequencing at different time points after in vitro axotomy. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed upregulation of known regeneration associated transcription factors, including Jun, Atf3 and Rest, paralleling the axon injury response in vivo. Analysis of transcription factor binding sites in differentially expressed genes revealed other known transcription factors promoting axon regeneration, such as Myc, Hif1α, Pparγ, Ascl1a, Srf, and Ctcf, as well as other transcription factors not yet characterized in axon regeneration. We next tested if overexpression of novel candidate transcription factors alone or in combination promotes axon regeneration in vitro. Our results demonstrate that expression of Ctcf with Yy1 or E2f2 enhances in vitro axon regeneration. Our analysis highlights that transcription factor interaction and chromatin architecture play important roles as a regulator of axon regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jimmy Le
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kathleen Leahy
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tiandao Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Valeria Cavalli,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tian F, Cheng Y, Zhou S, Wang Q, Monavarfeshani A, Gao K, Jiang W, Kawaguchi R, Wang Q, Tang M, Donahue R, Meng H, Zhang Y, Jacobi A, Yan W, Yin J, Cai X, Yang Z, Hegarty S, Stanicka J, Dmitriev P, Taub D, Zhu J, Woolf CJ, Sanes JR, Geschwind DH, He Z. Core transcription programs controlling injury-induced neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Neuron 2022; 110:2607-2624.e8. [PMID: 35767995 PMCID: PMC9391318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory programs governing neuronal death and axon regeneration in neurodegenerative diseases remain poorly understood. In adult mice, optic nerve crush (ONC) injury by severing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons results in massive RGC death and regenerative failure. We performed an in vivo CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-wide screen of 1,893 transcription factors (TFs) to seek repressors of RGC survival and axon regeneration following ONC. In parallel, we profiled the epigenetic and transcriptional landscapes of injured RGCs by ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to identify injury-responsive TFs and their targets. These analyses converged on four TFs as critical survival regulators, of which ATF3/CHOP preferentially regulate pathways activated by cytokines and innate immunity and ATF4/C/EBPγ regulate pathways engaged by intrinsic neuronal stressors. Manipulation of these TFs protects RGCs in a glaucoma model. Our results reveal core transcription programs that transform an initial axonal insult into a degenerative process and suggest novel strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuyan Cheng
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Songlin Zhou
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qianbin Wang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aboozar Monavarfeshani
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kun Gao
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Weiqian Jiang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Mingjun Tang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Donahue
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huyan Meng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne Jacobi
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jiani Yin
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Xinyi Cai
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shane Hegarty
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joanna Stanicka
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Phillip Dmitriev
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Taub
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA.
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Noristani HN. Intrinsic regulation of axon regeneration after spinal cord injury: Recent advances and remaining challenges. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
27
|
Cheng Y, Yin Y, Zhang A, Bernstein AM, Kawaguchi R, Gao K, Potter K, Gilbert HY, Ao Y, Ou J, Fricano-Kugler CJ, Goldberg JL, He Z, Woolf CJ, Sofroniew MV, Benowitz LI, Geschwind DH. Transcription factor network analysis identifies REST/NRSF as an intrinsic regulator of CNS regeneration in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4418. [PMID: 35906210 PMCID: PMC9338053 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability of neurons to regenerate long axons within the CNS is a major impediment to improving outcome after spinal cord injury, stroke, and other CNS insults. Recent advances have uncovered an intrinsic program that involves coordinate regulation by multiple transcription factors that can be manipulated to enhance growth in the peripheral nervous system. Here, we use a systems genomics approach to characterize regulatory relationships of regeneration-associated transcription factors, identifying RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor (REST; Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor, NRSF) as a predicted upstream suppressor of a pro-regenerative gene program associated with axon regeneration in the CNS. We validate our predictions using multiple paradigms, showing that mature mice bearing cell type-specific deletions of REST or expressing dominant-negative mutant REST show improved regeneration of the corticospinal tract and optic nerve after spinal cord injury and optic nerve crush, which is accompanied by upregulation of regeneration-associated genes in cortical motor neurons and retinal ganglion cells, respectively. These analyses identify a role for REST as an upstream suppressor of the intrinsic regenerative program in the CNS and demonstrate the utility of a systems biology approach involving integrative genomics and bio-informatics to prioritize hypotheses relevant to CNS repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Cheng
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuqin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alice Zhang
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexander M Bernstein
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kun Gao
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kyra Potter
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hui-Ya Gilbert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yan Ao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Ou
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Catherine J Fricano-Kugler
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Byers Eye Institute and Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
van Niekerk EA, Kawaguchi R, Marques de Freria C, Groeniger K, Marchetto MC, Dupraz S, Bradke F, Geschwind DH, Gage FH, Tuszynski MH. Methods for culturing adult CNS neurons reveal a CNS conditioning effect. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100255. [PMID: 35880023 PMCID: PMC9308166 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal cultures provide a basis for reductionist insights that rely on molecular and pharmacological manipulation. However, the inability to culture mature adult CNS neurons limits our understanding of adult neuronal physiology. Here, we report methods for culturing adult central nervous system neurons in large numbers and across multiple brain regions for extended time periods. Primary adult neuronal cultures develop polarity; they establish segregated dendritic and axonal compartments, maintain resting membrane potentials, exhibit spontaneous and evoked electrical activity, and form neural networks. Cultured adult neurons isolated from different brain regions such as the hippocampus, cortex, brainstem, and cerebellum exhibit distinct cell morphologies, growth patterns, and spontaneous firing characteristics reflective of their regions of origin. Using adult motor cortex cultures, we identify a CNS "conditioning" effect after spinal cord injury. The ability to culture adult neurons offers a valuable tool for studying basic and therapeutic science of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erna A van Niekerk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Groeniger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Dupraz
- Laboratory of Axon Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- Laboratory of Axon Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark H Tuszynski
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sullivan C, Lee J, Bushey W, Demers D, Dinsdale S, Lowe K, Olmeda J, Meng ID. Evidence for a phenotypic switch in corneal afferents after lacrimal gland excision. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:109005. [PMID: 35240196 PMCID: PMC9993327 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye is a common cause of ocular pain. The aim of this study was to investigate corneal innervation, ongoing pain, and alterations in corneal afferent phenotypes in a mouse model of severe aqueous tear deficiency. Chronic dry eye was produced by ipsilateral excision of the extra- and intraorbital lacrimal glands in male and female mice. Tearing was measured using a phenol thread and corneal epithelial damage assessed using fluorescein. Changes in corneal ongoing ocular pain was evaluated by measuring palpebral opening ratio. Corneal axons were visualized using Nav1.8-Cre;tdTomato reporter mice. Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize somal expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the capsaicin sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3) in tracer labeled corneal neurons following lacrimal gland excision (LGE). LGE decreased tearing, created severe epithelial damage, and decreased palpebral opening, indicative of chronic ocular irritation, over the 28-day observation period. Corneal axon terminals exhibited an acute decrease in density after LGE, followed by a regenerative process over the course of 28 days that was greater in male animals. Corneal neurons expressing CGRP, TRPV1, and ATF3 increased following injury, corresponding to axonal injury and regeneration processes observed during the same period. CGRP and TRPV1 expression was notably increased in IB4-positive cells following LGE. These results indicate that dry eye-induced damage to corneal afferents can result in alterations in IB4-positive neurons that may enhance neuroprotective mechanisms to create resiliency after chronic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara Sullivan
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA; Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Jun Lee
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA; Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - William Bushey
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Danielle Demers
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Samantha Dinsdale
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Katy Lowe
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Jessica Olmeda
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Ian D Meng
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA; Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Petrović A, Ban J, Ivaničić M, Tomljanović I, Mladinic M. The Role of ATF3 in Neuronal Differentiation and Development of Neuronal Networks in Opossum Postnatal Cortical Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094964. [PMID: 35563354 PMCID: PMC9100162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/cAMP response element-binding (CREB) family, is upregulated by various intracellular and extracellular signals such as injury and signals related to cell proliferation. ATF3 also belongs to the regeneration-associated genes (RAG) group of transcription factors. RAG and ATF/CREB transcription factors that play an important role in embryonic neuronal development and PNS regeneration may also be involved in postnatal neuronal differentiation and development, as well as in the regeneration of the injured CNS. Here we investigated the effect of ATF3 in differentiation, neural outgrowth, network formation, and regeneration after injury using postnatal dissociated cortical neurons derived from neonatal opossums (Monodelphis domestica). Our results show that RAG and ATF genes are differentially expressed in early differentiated neurons versus undifferentiated neurospheres and that many members of those families, ATF3 in particular, are upregulated in cortical cultures obtained from younger animals that have the ability to fully functionally regenerate spinal cord after injury. In addition, we observed different intracellular localization of ATF3 that shifts from nuclear (in neuronal progenitors) to cytoplasmic (in more mature neurons) during neuronal differentiation. The ATF3 inhibition, pharmacological or by specific antibody, reduced the neurite outgrowth and differentiation and caused increased cell death in early differentiating cortical neuronal cultures, suggesting the importance of ATF3 in the CNS development of neonatal opossums. Finally, we investigated the regeneration capacity of primary cortical cultures after mechanical injury using the scratch assay. Remarkably, neonatal opossum-derived cultures retain their capacity to regenerate for up to 1 month in vitro. Inhibition of ATF3 correlates with reduced neurite outgrowth and regeneration after injury. These results indicate that ATF3, and possibly other members of RAG and ATF/CREB family of transcription factors, have an important role both during cortical postnatal development and in response after injury.
Collapse
|
31
|
Noristani HN, Kim H, Pang S, Zhong J, Son YJ. Co-targeting B-RAF and PTEN Enables Sensory Axons to Regenerate Across and Beyond the Spinal Cord Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:891463. [PMID: 35557554 PMCID: PMC9087900 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.891463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sensory axons in adult mammals fail to regenerate after spinal cord injury (SCI), in part due to insufficient intrinsic growth potential. Robustly boosting their growth potential continues to be a challenge. Previously, we showed that constitutive activation of B-RAF (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase) markedly promotes axon regeneration after dorsal root and optic nerve injuries. The regrowth is further augmented by supplemental deletion of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog). Here, we examined whether concurrent B-RAF activation and PTEN deletion promotes dorsal column axon regeneration after SCI. Remarkably, genetically targeting B-RAF and PTEN selectively in DRG neurons of adult mice enables many DC axons to enter, cross, and grow beyond the lesion site after SCI; some axons reach ∼2 mm rostral to the lesion by 3 weeks post-injury. Co-targeting B-RAF and PTEN promotes more robust DC regeneration than a pre-conditioning lesion, which additively enhances the regeneration triggered by B-RAF/PTEN. We also found that post-injury targeting of B-RAF and PTEN enhances DC axon regeneration. These results demonstrate that co-targeting B-RAF and PTEN effectively enhances the intrinsic growth potential of DC axons after SCI and therefore may help to develop a novel strategy to promote robust long-distance regeneration of primary sensory axons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harun N. Noristani
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Harun N. Noristani,
| | - Hyukmin Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shuhuan Pang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jian Zhong
- Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY, United States
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Katz HR, Arcese AA, Bloom O, Morgan JR. Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) is a Highly Conserved Pro-regenerative Transcription Factor in the Vertebrate Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824036. [PMID: 35350379 PMCID: PMC8957905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate nervous system exhibits dramatic variability in regenerative capacity across species and neuronal populations. For example, while the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is limited in its regenerative capacity, the CNS of many other vertebrates readily regenerates after injury, as does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of mammals. Comparing molecular responses across species and tissues can therefore provide valuable insights into both conserved and distinct mechanisms of successful regeneration. One gene that is emerging as a conserved pro-regenerative factor across vertebrates is activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), which has long been associated with tissue trauma. A growing number of studies indicate that ATF3 may actively promote neuronal axon regrowth and regeneration in species ranging from lampreys to mammals. Here, we review data on the structural and functional conservation of ATF3 protein across species. Comparing RNA expression data across species that exhibit different abilities to regenerate their nervous system following traumatic nerve injury reveals that ATF3 is consistently induced in neurons within the first few days after injury. Genetic deletion or knockdown of ATF3 expression has been shown in mouse and zebrafish, respectively, to reduce axon regeneration, while inducing ATF3 promotes axon sprouting, regrowth, or regeneration. Thus, we propose that ATF3 may be an evolutionarily conserved regulator of neuronal regeneration. Identifying downstream effectors of ATF3 will be a critical next step in understanding the molecular basis of vertebrate CNS regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary R Katz
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Anthony A Arcese
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ona Bloom
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer R Morgan
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Winter CC, He Z, Jacobi A. Axon Regeneration: A Subcellular Extension in Multiple Dimensions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a040923. [PMID: 34518340 PMCID: PMC8886981 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Axons are a unique cellular structure that allows for the communication between neurons. Axon damage compromises neuronal communications and often leads to functional deficits. Thus, developing strategies that promote effective axon regeneration for functional restoration is highly desirable. One fruitful approach is to dissect the regenerative mechanisms used by some types of neurons in both mammalian and nonmammalian systems that exhibit spontaneous regenerative capacity. Additionally, numerous efforts have been devoted to deciphering the barriers that prevent successful axon regeneration in the most regeneration-refractory system-the adult mammalian central nervous system. As a result, several regeneration-promoting strategies have been developed, but significant limitations remain. This review is aimed to summarize historic progression and current understanding of this exciting yet incomplete endeavor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla C Winter
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- PhD Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Anne Jacobi
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Unfolded protein response-induced expression of long noncoding RNA Ngrl1 supports peripheral axon regeneration by activating the PI3K-Akt pathway. Exp Neurol 2022; 352:114025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
35
|
Li Y, Kang S, Halawani D, Wang Y, Junqueira Alves C, Ramakrishnan A, Estill M, Shen L, Li F, He X, Friedel RH, Zou H. Macrophages facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration by organizing regeneration tracks through Plexin-B2. Genes Dev 2022; 36:133-148. [PMID: 35086862 PMCID: PMC8887133 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349063.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Li et al. investigated the mechanisms underlying the regeneration of peripheral nerves, which is guided by regeneration tracks formed through an interplay of many cell types. They demonstrate that macrophages are mobilized ahead of Schwann cells in the nerve bridge after transection injury to participate in building regeneration tracks. This requires the function of guidance receptor Plexin-B2, which is robustly up-regulated in infiltrating macrophages in injured nerve. The regeneration of peripheral nerves is guided by regeneration tracks formed through an interplay of many cell types, but the underlying signaling pathways remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that macrophages are mobilized ahead of Schwann cells in the nerve bridge after transection injury to participate in building regeneration tracks. This requires the function of guidance receptor Plexin-B2, which is robustly up-regulated in infiltrating macrophages in injured nerves. Conditional deletion of Plexin-B2 in myeloid lineage resulted in not only macrophage misalignment but also matrix disarray and Schwann cell disorganization, leading to misguided axons and delayed functional recovery. Plexin-B2 is not required for macrophage recruitment or activation but enables macrophages to steer clear of colliding axons, in particular the growth cones at the tip of regenerating axons, leading to parallel alignment postcollision. Together, our studies unveil a novel reparative function of macrophages and the importance of Plexin-B2-mediated collision-dependent contact avoidance between macrophages and regenerating axons in forming regeneration tracks during peripheral nerve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sangjo Kang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Dalia Halawani
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Chrystian Junqueira Alves
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Molly Estill
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Fengtao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Will Cannabigerol Trigger Neuroregeneration after a Spinal Cord Injury? An In Vitro Answer from NSC-34 Scratch-Injured Cells Transcriptome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020117. [PMID: 35215230 PMCID: PMC8875351 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury affects the lives of millions of people around the world, often causing disability and, in unfortunate circumstances, death. Rehabilitation can partly improve outcomes and only a small percentage of patients, typically the least injured, can hope to return to normal living conditions. Cannabis sativa is gaining more and more interest in recent years, even though its beneficial properties have been known for thousands of years. Cannabigerol (CBG), extracted from C. sativa, is defined as the “mother of all cannabinoids” and its properties range from anti-inflammatory to antioxidant and neuroprotection. Using NSC-34 cells to model spinal cord injury in vitro, our work evaluated the properties of CBG treatments in motor neuron regeneration. While pre-treatment can modulate oxidative stress and increase antioxidant enzyme genes, such as Tnx1, decreasing Nos1 post-treatment seems to induce regeneration genes by triggering different pathways, such as Gap43 via p53 acetylation by Ep300 and Ddit3 and Xbp1 via Bdnf signaling, along with cytoskeletal remodeling signaling genes Nrp1 and Map1b. Our results indicate CBG as a phytocompound worth further investigation in the field of neuronal regeneration.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hilton BJ, Husch A, Schaffran B, Lin TC, Burnside ER, Dupraz S, Schelski M, Kim J, Müller JA, Schoch S, Imig C, Brose N, Bradke F. An active vesicle priming machinery suppresses axon regeneration upon adult CNS injury. Neuron 2022; 110:51-69.e7. [PMID: 34706221 PMCID: PMC8730507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Axons in the adult mammalian central nervous system fail to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Neurons lose their capacity to regenerate during development, but the intracellular processes underlying this loss are unclear. We found that critical components of the presynaptic active zone prevent axon regeneration in adult mice. Transcriptomic analysis combined with live-cell imaging revealed that adult primary sensory neurons downregulate molecular constituents of the synapse as they acquire the ability to rapidly grow their axons. Pharmacogenetic reduction of neuronal excitability stimulated axon regeneration after adult spinal cord injury. Genetic gain- and loss-of-function experiments uncovered that essential synaptic vesicle priming proteins of the presynaptic active zone, but not clostridial-toxin-sensitive VAMP-family SNARE proteins, inhibit axon regeneration. Systemic administration of Baclofen reduced voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx in primary sensory neurons and promoted their regeneration after spinal cord injury. These findings indicate that functional presynaptic active zones constitute a major barrier to axon regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Hilton
- Laboratory of Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Husch
- Laboratory of Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Schaffran
- Laboratory of Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tien-Chen Lin
- Laboratory of Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Emily R Burnside
- Laboratory of Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dupraz
- Laboratory of Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Schelski
- Laboratory of Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Laboratory of Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Center for Brain Science, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Susanne Schoch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cordelia Imig
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- Laboratory of Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang X, Zhang B, Li X, Liu X, Wang S, Xie Y, Pi J, Yang Z, Li J, Jia Q, Zhang Y. Mechanisms Underlying Gastrodin Alleviating Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:744663. [PMID: 34975470 PMCID: PMC8716817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.744663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin (GAS) is the main bioactive ingredient of Gastrodia, a famous Chinese herbal medicine widely used as an analgesic, but the underlying analgesic mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we first observed the effects of GAS on the vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathic pain by alleviating the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Further studies showed that GAS could inhibit the current density of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 channels and accelerate the inactivation process of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 channel, thereby inhibiting the hyperexcitability of neurons. Additionally, GAS could significantly reduce the over-expression of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 on DRG neurons from vincristine-treated rats according to the analysis of Western blot and immunofluorescence results. Moreover, based on the molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation, the binding free energies of the constructed systems were calculated, and the binding sites of GAS on the sodium channels (NaV1.7 and NaV1.8) were preliminarily determined. This study has shown that modulation of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 sodium channels by GAS contributing to the alleviation of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathic pain, thus expanding the understanding of complex action of GAS as a neuromodulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Boxuan Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Songsong Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jialing Pi
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jincan Li
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingzhong Jia
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.,Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu X, Xie W, Zhang J, Strong JA, Zhang JM. Sympathectomy decreases pain behaviors and nerve regeneration by downregulating monocyte chemokine CCL2 in dorsal root ganglia in the rat tibial nerve crush model. Pain 2022; 163:e106-e120. [PMID: 33941753 PMCID: PMC8556407 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Peripheral nerve regeneration is associated with pain in several preclinical models of neuropathic pain. Some neuropathic pain conditions and preclinical neuropathic pain behaviors are improved by sympathetic blockade. In this study, we examined the effect of a localized "microsympathectomy," ie, cutting the gray rami containing sympathetic postganglionic axons where they enter the L4 and L5 spinal nerves, which is more analogous to clinically used sympathetic blockade compared with chemical or surgical sympathectomy. We also examined manipulations of CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), a key player in both regeneration and pain. We used rat tibial nerve crush as a neuropathic pain model in which peripheral nerve regeneration can occur successfully. CCL2 in the sensory ganglia was increased by tibial nerve crush and reduced by microsympathectomy. Microsympathectomy and localized siRNA-mediated knockdown of CCL2 in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion had very similar effects: partial improvement of mechanical hypersensitivity and guarding behavior, reduction of regeneration markers growth-associated protein 43 and activating transcription factor 3, and reduction of macrophage density in the sensory ganglia and regenerating nerve. Microsympathectomy reduced functional regeneration as measured by myelinated action potential propagation through the injury site and denervation-induced atrophy of the tibial-innervated gastrocnemius muscle at day 10. Microsympathectomy plus CCL2 knockdown had behavioral effects similar to microsympathectomy alone. The results show that local sympathetic effects on neuropathic pain may be mediated in a large part by the effects on expression of CCL2, which in turn regulates the regeneration process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenrui Xie
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Judith A. Strong
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lowell JA, O’Neill N, Danzi MC, Al-Ali H, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP. Phenotypic Screening Following Transcriptomic Deconvolution to Identify Transcription Factors Mediating Axon Growth Induced by a Kinase Inhibitor. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2021; 26:1337-1354. [PMID: 34218704 PMCID: PMC10509783 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211026270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After injury to the central nervous system (CNS), both neuron-intrinsic limitations on regenerative responses and inhibitory factors in the injured CNS environment restrict regenerative axon growth. Instances of successful axon regrowth offer opportunities to identify features that differentiate these situations from that of the normal adult CNS. One such opportunity is provided by the kinase inhibitor RO48, which dramatically enhances neurite outgrowth of neurons in vitro and substantially increased contralateral sprouting of corticospinal tract neurons when infused intraventricularly following unilateral pyramidotomy. The authors present here a transcriptomic deconvolution of RO48-associated axon growth, with the goal of identifying transcriptional regulators associated with axon growth in the CNS. Through the use of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and transcription factor binding site enrichment analysis, the authors identified a list of transcription factors putatively driving differential gene expression during RO48-induced neurite outgrowth of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro. The 82 transcription factor motifs identified in this way included some with known association to axon growth regulation, such as Jun, Klf4, Myc, Atf4, Stat3, and Nfatc2, and many with no known association to axon growth. A phenotypic loss-of-function screen was carried out to evaluate these transcription factors for their roles in neurite outgrowth; this screen identified several potential outgrowth regulators. Subsequent validation suggests that the Forkhead box (Fox) family transcription factor Foxp2 restricts neurite outgrowth, while FoxO subfamily members Foxo1 and Foxo3a promote neurite outgrowth. The authors' combined transcriptomic-phenotypic screening strategy therefore allowed identification of novel transcriptional regulators of neurite outgrowth downstream of a multitarget kinase inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Lowell
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas O’Neill
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matt C. Danzi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine and Peggy & Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John L. Bixby
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vance P. Lemmon
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chakraborty A, Upadhya R, Usman TA, Shetty AK, Rutkowski JM. Chronic VEGFR-3 signaling preserves dendritic arborization and sensitization under stress. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:219-233. [PMID: 34389489 PMCID: PMC8511130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic arborization is critical for the establishment and maintenance of precise neural circuits. Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), well-characterized as a "lymphangiogenic" growth factor, reportedly maintains dendritic arborization and synaptic strength in the hippocampus of adult mice through VEGF receptor (VEGFR-3) signaling. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic VEGFR-3-specific activation on adipose arbor morphometry using the Adipo-VD mouse, a model of inducible, adipose-specific VEGF-D overexpression. We examined whether adipose tissue innervation was preserved or functionally different in Adipo-VD mice during stress in vivo and if VEGFR-3 signaling afforded neuroprotection to challenged neurons in vitro. Chronic VEGFR-3 signaling in Adipo-VD subcutaneous adipose tissue resulted in a reduction in the dendrite length, dendritic terminal branches (filament length), and dendritic terminal branch volume (filament volume), but increased dendrite branching. We also identified reduced stimulus-evoked excitatory sympathetic nerve activity in Adipo-VD mice. Following 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) denervation, Adipo-VD dendritic arbors were preserved, including improved dendritic branch volume, length, and dendritic branches than in wildtype tissues. In vitro, we found that chronic elevation of VEGFR-3 signaling in developing mVC neurons changes the dendritic arbor complexity and improves stress-induced structure remodeling. Developing neurons are conferred neuroprotection against stress, potentially by upregulation of proteolytic conversion of pro-BDNF to mature BDNF. Mature neurons, however, display improved dendritic arbor complexity, and unaltered dendritic structural remodeling and improved resistance to stress with VEGFR-3 signaling. Overall, chronically increasing VEGFR-3 signaling in neurons has a synergistic impact on neurosensitization and neuroprotection during stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Timaj A. Usman
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA,Correspondence: Joseph M Rutkowski, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807 USA, Ph: 979-436-0576,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mason MRJ, Erp S, Wolzak K, Behrens A, Raivich G, Verhaagen J. The Jun-dependent axon regeneration gene program: Jun promotes regeneration over plasticity. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1242-1262. [PMID: 34718572 PMCID: PMC9029231 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration-associated gene (RAG) expression program is activated in injured peripheral neurons after axotomy and enables long-distance axon re-growth. Over 1000 genes are regulated, and many transcription factors are upregulated or activated as part of this response. However, a detailed picture of how RAG expression is regulated is lacking. In particular, the transcriptional targets and specific functions of the various transcription factors are unclear. Jun was the first-regeneration-associated transcription factor identified and the first shown to be functionally important. Here we fully define the role of Jun in the RAG expression program in regenerating facial motor neurons. At 1, 4 and 14 days after axotomy, Jun upregulates 11, 23 and 44% of the RAG program, respectively. Jun functions relevant to regeneration include cytoskeleton production, metabolic functions and cell activation, and the downregulation of neurotransmission machinery. In silico analysis of promoter regions of Jun targets identifies stronger over-representation of AP1-like sites than CRE-like sites, although CRE sites were also over-represented in regions flanking AP1 sites. Strikingly, in motor neurons lacking Jun, an alternative SRF-dependent gene expression program is initiated after axotomy. The promoters of these newly expressed genes exhibit over-representation of CRE sites in regions near to SRF target sites. This alternative gene expression program includes plasticity-associated transcription factors and leads to an aberrant early increase in synapse density on motor neurons. Jun thus has the important function in the early phase after axotomy of pushing the injured neuron away from a plasticity response and towards a regenerative phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R J Mason
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Erp
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Wolzak
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Gennadij Raivich
- UCL Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Perinatal Brain Repair Group, London, WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Neurogenomics and Cognition Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Iwai H, Ataka K, Suzuki H, Dhar A, Kuramoto E, Yamanaka A, Goto T. Tissue-resident M2 macrophages directly contact primary sensory neurons in the sensory ganglia after nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:227. [PMID: 34645458 PMCID: PMC8513227 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages in the peripheral nervous system are key players in the repair of nerve tissue and the development of neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. However, there is a lack of information on the origin and morphological features of macrophages in sensory ganglia after peripheral nerve injury, unlike those in the brain and spinal cord. We analyzed the origin and morphological features of sensory ganglionic macrophages after nerve ligation or transection using wild-type mice and mice with bone-marrow cell transplants. Methods After protecting the head of C57BL/6J mice with lead caps, they were irradiated and transplanted with bone-marrow-derived cells from GFP transgenic mice. The infraorbital nerve of a branch of the trigeminal nerve of wild-type mice was ligated or the infraorbital nerve of GFP-positive bone-marrow-cell-transplanted mice was transected. After immunostaining the trigeminal ganglion, the structures of the ganglionic macrophages, neurons, and satellite glial cells were analyzed using two-dimensional or three-dimensional images. Results The number of damaged neurons in the trigeminal ganglion increased from day 1 after infraorbital nerve ligation. Ganglionic macrophages proliferated from days 3 to 5. Furthermore, the numbers of macrophages increased from days 3 to 15. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages increased on day 7 after the infraorbital nerve was transected in the trigeminal ganglion of GFP-positive bone-marrow-cell-transplanted mice but most of the ganglionic macrophages were composed of tissue-resident cells. On day 7 after infraorbital nerve ligation, ganglionic macrophages increased in volume, extended their processes between the neurons and satellite glial cells, and contacted these neurons. Most of the ganglionic macrophages showed an M2 phenotype when contact was observed, and little neuronal cell death occurred. Conclusion Most of the macrophages that appear after a nerve injury are tissue-resident, and these make direct contact with damaged neurons that act in a tissue-protective manner in the M2 phenotype. These results imply that tissue-resident macrophages signal to neurons directly through physical contact. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02283-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Iwai
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Koji Ataka
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ashis Dhar
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Eriko Kuramoto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamanaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Goto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Avraham O, Feng R, Ewan EE, Rustenhoven J, Zhao G, Cavalli V. Profiling sensory neuron microenvironment after peripheral and central axon injury reveals key pathways for neural repair. eLife 2021; 10:e68457. [PMID: 34586065 PMCID: PMC8480984 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) represent a useful model to study axon regeneration. Whereas regeneration and functional recovery occurs after peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord injury or dorsal root injury is not followed by regenerative outcomes. Regeneration of sensory axons in peripheral nerves is not entirely cell autonomous. Whether the DRG microenvironment influences the different regenerative capacities after injury to peripheral or central axons remains largely unknown. To answer this question, we performed a single-cell transcriptional profiling of mouse DRG in response to peripheral (sciatic nerve crush) and central axon injuries (dorsal root crush and spinal cord injury). Each cell type responded differently to the three types of injuries. All injuries increased the proportion of a cell type that shares features of both immune cells and glial cells. A distinct subset of satellite glial cells (SGC) appeared specifically in response to peripheral nerve injury. Activation of the PPARα signaling pathway in SGC, which promotes axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, failed to occur after central axon injuries. Treatment with the FDA-approved PPARα agonist fenofibrate increased axon regeneration after dorsal root injury. This study provides a map of the distinct DRG microenvironment responses to peripheral and central injuries at the single-cell level and highlights that manipulating non-neuronal cells could lead to avenues to promote functional recovery after CNS injuries or disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Eric Edward Ewan
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cheng YC, Snavely A, Barrett LB, Zhang X, Herman C, Frost DJ, Riva P, Tochitsky I, Kawaguchi R, Singh B, Ivanis J, Huebner EA, Arvanites A, Oza V, Davidow L, Maeda R, Sakuma M, Grantham A, Wang Q, Chang AN, Pfaff K, Costigan M, Coppola G, Rubin LL, Schwer B, Alt FW, Woolf CJ. Topoisomerase I inhibition and peripheral nerve injury induce DNA breaks and ATF3-associated axon regeneration in sensory neurons. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109666. [PMID: 34496254 PMCID: PMC8462619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although axonal damage induces rapid changes in gene expression in primary sensory neurons, it remains unclear how this process is initiated. The transcription factor ATF3, one of the earliest genes responding to nerve injury, regulates expression of downstream genes that enable axon regeneration. By exploiting ATF3 reporter systems, we identify topoisomerase inhibitors as ATF3 inducers, including camptothecin. Camptothecin increases ATF3 expression and promotes neurite outgrowth in sensory neurons in vitro and enhances axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve crush in vivo. Given the action of topoisomerases in producing DNA breaks, we determine that they do occur immediately after nerve damage at the ATF3 gene locus in injured sensory neurons and are further increased after camptothecin exposure. Formation of DNA breaks in injured sensory neurons and enhancement of it pharmacologically may contribute to the initiation of those transcriptional changes required for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Cheng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Snavely
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee B Barrett
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Crystal Herman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devlin J Frost
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Priscilla Riva
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan Tochitsky
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bhagat Singh
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jelena Ivanis
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric A Huebner
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony Arvanites
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vatsal Oza
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lance Davidow
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Rie Maeda
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alyssa Grantham
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amelia N Chang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen Pfaff
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Anaesthesia Department, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bjoern Schwer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frederick W Alt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yokoi T, Uemura T, Takamatsu K, Shintani K, Onode E, Hama S, Miyashima Y, Okada M, Nakamura H. Fate and contribution of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurospheres transplanted with nerve conduits to promote peripheral nerve regeneration in mice. Biomed Mater Eng 2021; 32:171-181. [PMID: 33780359 DOI: 10.3233/bme-201182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that a bioabsorbable nerve conduit coated with mouse induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurospheres accelerated peripheral nerve regeneration in mice. OBJECTIVE We examined the fate and utility of iPSC-derived neurospheres transplanted with nerve conduits for the treatment of sciatic nerve gaps in mice. METHODS Complete 5-mm defects were created in sciatic nerves and reconstructed using nerve conduits that were either uncoated or coated with mouse iPSC-derived neurospheres. The survival of the neurospheres on the nerve conduits was tracked using an in vivo imaging. The localization of the transplanted cells and regenerating axons was examined histologically. The gene expression levels in the nerve conduits were evaluated. RESULTS The neurospheres survived for at least 14 days, peaking at 4--7 days after implantation. The grafted neurospheres remained as Schwann-like cells within the nerve conduits and migrated into the regenerated axons. The expression levels of ATF3, BDNF, and GDNF in the nerve conduit coated with neurospheres were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS Mouse iPSC-derived neurospheres transplanted with nerve conduits for the treatment of sciatic nerve defects in mice migrated into regenerating axons, survived as Schwann-like cells, and promoted axonal growth with an elevation in the expression of nerve regeneration-associated trophic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yokoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Uemura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Takamatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Shintani
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ema Onode
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunpei Hama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chakraborty A, Ay F, Davuluri RV. ExTraMapper: Exon- and Transcript-level mappings for orthologous gene pairs. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:3412-3420. [PMID: 34014317 PMCID: PMC8545320 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Access to large-scale genomics and transcriptomics data from various tissues and cell lines allowed the discovery of wide-spread alternative splicing events and alternative promoter usage in mammalians. Between human and mouse, gene-level orthology is currently present for nearly 16k protein-coding genes spanning a diverse repertoire of over 200k total transcript isoforms. RESULTS Here, we describe a novel method, ExTraMapper, which leverages sequence conservation between exons of a pair of organisms and identifies a fine-scale orthology mapping at the exon and then transcript level. ExTraMapper identifies more than 350k exon mappings, as well as 30k transcript mappings between human and mouse using only sequence and gene annotation information. We demonstrate that ExTraMapper identifies a larger number of exon and transcript mappings compared to previous methods. Further, it identifies exon fusions, splits, and losses due to splice site mutations, and finds mappings between microexons that are previously missed. By reanalysis of RNA-seq data from 13 matched human and mouse tissues, we show that ExTraMapper improves the correlation of transcript-specific expression levels suggesting a more accurate mapping of human and mouse transcripts. We also applied the method to detect conserved exon and transcript pairs between human and rhesus macaque genomes to highlight the point that ExTraMapper is applicable to any pair of organisms that have orthologous gene pairs. AVAILABILITY The source code and the results are available at https://github.com/ay-lab/ExTraMapper and http://ay-lab-tools.lji.org/extramapper. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego - School of Medicine, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Ramana V Davuluri
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schinke C, Fernandez Vallone V, Ivanov A, Peng Y, Körtvelyessy P, Nolte L, Huehnchen P, Beule D, Stachelscheid H, Boehmerle W, Endres M. Modeling chemotherapy induced neurotoxicity with human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) -derived sensory neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 155:105391. [PMID: 33984509 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent, potentially irreversible adverse effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy often leading to a reduction or discontinuation of treatment which negatively impacts patients' prognosis. To date, however, neither predictive biomarkers nor preventive treatments for CIPN are available, which is partially due to a lack of suitable experimental models. We therefore aimed to evaluate whether sensory neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-DSN) can serve as human disease model system for CIPN. Treatment of iPSC-DSN for 24 h with the neurotoxic drugs paclitaxel, bortezomib, vincristine and cisplatin led to axonal blebbing and a dose dependent decline of cell viability in clinically relevant IC50 ranges, which was not observed for the non-neurotoxic compounds doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. Paclitaxel treatment effects were less pronounced after 24 h but prominent when treatment was applied for 72 h. Global transcriptome analyses performed at 24 h, i.e. before paclitaxel-induced cell death occurred, revealed the differential expression of genes of neuronal injury, cellular stress response, and sterol pathways. We further evaluated if known neuroprotective strategies can be reproduced in iPSC-DSN and observed protective effects of lithium replicating findings from rodent dorsal root ganglia cells. Comparing sensory neurons derived from two different healthy donors, we found preliminary evidence that these cell lines react differentially to neurotoxic drugs as expected from the variable presentation of CIPN in patients. In conclusion, iPSC-DSN are a promising platform to study the pathogenesis of CIPN and to evaluate neuroprotective treatment strategies. In the future, the application of patient-specific iPSC-DSN could open new avenues for personalized medicine with individual risk prediction, choice of chemotherapeutic compounds and preventive treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schinke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Anna-Louisa-Karsch Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeria Fernandez Vallone
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Stem Cell Core Facility, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yangfan Peng
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Péter Körtvelyessy
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Luca Nolte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Huehnchen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Anna-Louisa-Karsch Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Stem Cell Core Facility, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Boehmerle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Anna-Louisa-Karsch Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Anna-Louisa-Karsch Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), partner site Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ding S, Yu Q, Wang J, Zhu L, Li T, Guo X, Zhang X. Activation of ATF3/AP-1 signaling pathway is required for P2X3-induced endometriosis pain. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:1130-1144. [PMID: 32303740 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does P2X ligand-gated ion channel 3 (P2X3) play a role in endometriosis pain? SUMMARY ANSWER Upregulation of P2X3 in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) tissues via the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)/activator protein (AP)-1 pathway contributed to endometriosis-associated hyperalgesia, which could be attenuated by the chitosan oligosaccharide stearic acid (CSOSA)/liposomes (LPs)/SP600125 delivery system. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Infiltrating nerve fibers and elevated nociceptors in endometriotic lesions are associated with endometriosis pain. P2X3 has been demonstrated to play an important role in neuropathic pain. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A rat model of endometriosis was used to investigate the signaling pathways involved in P2X3-induced pain. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Degrees of hyperalgesia, endogenous adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) contents and P2X3 expression levels in endometriotic lesions and DRG tissues were detected in a rat model of endometriosis. The expression levels of ATF3 and P2X3 were measured using qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence analysis after adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) exposure in DRG cells. Plasmids encoding ATF3 and its siRNA were used to investigate the role of ATF3 on ADP-induced P2X3 upregulation. The activity of ATF binding to the P2X3 promoter was evaluated by using chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) and luciferase assays. SP600125, an inhibitor of c-JUN N-terminal kinase, was wrapped in CSOSA/LPs delivery system and its inhibitory effects on ADP-induced upregulation of P2X3 in DRG cells and endometriosis-induced hyperalgesia in rats were tested. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The concentrations of endogenous ATP and expression levels of P2X3 were significantly increased in both endometriotic lesions and DRG tissues in endometriosis rat models and were found to be positively correlated with the severity of hyperalgesia. In DRG cells, P2X3 expression levels were elevated by ADP stimulation, but dramatically inhibited by blocking ATF3 with its siRNA and SP600125. CHIP and luciferase assay showed that ADP increased the binding of ATF3 to the P2X3 promoter, resulting in an increase in P2X3 expression levels. In the CSOSA/LPs/SP600125 delivery system, the drug could be effectively concentrated in endometriotic lesions, and it could alleviate endometriosis-induced hyperalgesia, reduce the size of endometriotic lesions and attenuate upregulated P2X3 expression levels in endometriosis rat models. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Changes in the sensitivity and function of P2X3 caused by endometriosis need to be further investigated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study indicates that ATP and the P2X3 receptor are involved in endometriosis pain, thus providing a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of endometriosis pain by targeting the P2X3 receptor. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded by National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC1001202) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81974225, 81671429 and 81471433). There are no competing interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Ding
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gao S, Gao L, Wang S, Shi X, Yue C, Wei S, Zuo L, Zhang L, Qin X. ATF3 Suppresses Growth and Metastasis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Deactivating EGFR/AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:618987. [PMID: 33816467 PMCID: PMC8017234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.618987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers in East Asia, with high incidence and mortality. Accumulating evidence has shown that ATF3 is associated with tumor progression. Methods Using qPCR, the expression of ATF3 was detected in 93 patients with ccRCC, including 24 paired normal and tumor tissues, which were used to further compare ATF3 expression through western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Lentivirus was used for the overexpression or knockdown of ATF3, and the consequent alteration in function was analyzed through CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, invasion assay, and flow cytometry. The potential mechanism affected by ATF3 was analyzed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and verified using western blotting, invasion assay, or immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, a xenograft mouse model was used to assess the function of ATF3 in vivo. Results ATF3 expression was significantly decreased in ccRCC compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. Through gain- and loss-of-function experiments performed in an in vitro assay, we found that ATF3 could regulate ccRCC cell proliferation, cycle progression, migration, and invasion. In the in vivo study, the xenograft mouse model revealed that ATF3 overexpression can inhibit the growth of ccRCC. Moreover, the mechanism analysis showed that suppression of ATF3 could lead to an increase the expression of β-catenin and promote β-catenin transfer to the nucleus, and might be affected by EGFR/AKT/GSK3β signaling. Conclusion ATF3 could be utilized as an independent protective factor to inhibit the progression of ccRCC. Potential treatment strategies for ccRCC include targeting the ATF3/EGFR/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaokai Shi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chuang Yue
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shuzhang Wei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xihu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|