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Smith PA. BDNF in Neuropathic Pain; the Culprit that Cannot be Apprehended. Neuroscience 2024; 543:49-64. [PMID: 38417539 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In males but not in females, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an obligatory role in the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Afferent terminals of injured peripheral nerves release colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) and other mediators into the dorsal horn. These transform the phenotype of dorsal horn microglia such that they express P2X4 purinoceptors. Activation of these receptors by neuron-derived ATP promotes BDNF release. This microglial-derived BDNF increases synaptic activation of excitatory dorsal horn neurons and decreases that of inhibitory neurons. It also alters the neuronal chloride gradient such the normal inhibitory effect of GABA is converted to excitation. By as yet undefined processes, this attenuated inhibition increases NMDA receptor function. BDNF also promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from astrocytes. All of these actions culminate in the increase dorsal horn excitability that underlies many forms of neuropathic pain. Peripheral nerve injury also alters excitability of structures in the thalamus, cortex and mesolimbic system that are responsible for pain perception and for the generation of co-morbidities such as anxiety and depression. The weight of evidence from male rodents suggests that this preferential modulation of excitably of supra-spinal pain processing structures also involves the action of microglial-derived BDNF. Possible mechanisms promoting the preferential release of BDNF in pain signaling structures are discussed. In females, invading T-lymphocytes increase dorsal horn excitability but it remains to be determined whether similar processes operate in supra-spinal structures. Despite its ubiquitous role in pain aetiology neither BDNF nor TrkB receptors represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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2
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Ye Y, Wang Y, Liu P, Chen J, Zhang C. Uncovering the Nutritive Profiles of Adult Male Chinese Mitten Crab ( E. sinensis) Harvested from the Pond and Natural Water Area of Qin Lake Based on Metabolomics. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112178. [PMID: 37297423 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
E. sinensis, normally harvested in October and November, is an economic aquatic product in China. Pond culture has been widely applied for the production of E. sinensis, wherein a stable food supply for crabs is provided. In order to improve the nutritional quality of E. sinensis products, this study evaluated the effect of the local pond culture on the nutritive profiles of E. sinensis and screened out the best harvest time for the nutrient-rich crabs, thereby guiding the local crab industry to improve its aquaculture mode and harvest strategy. The results indicated that pond culture enhanced the levels of protein, amino acids, and specific organic acid derivatives, and reduced the levels of peptides and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Compared with E. sinensis harvested in October, peptide levels were significantly increased, whereas sugar, phenolic acid, and nucleotide levels were decreased in those harvested in November. Overall, the study revealed that the nutritive profile of the pond-reared E. sinensis was significantly modulated by a high-protein diet, thus lacking the diversity of metabolites. Additionally, October could be more appropriate for harvesting E. sinensis than November.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Pengyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Buckner T, Johnson RK, Vanderlinden LA, Carry PM, Romero A, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Chen WM, Kim S, Fiehn O, Frohnert BI, Crume T, Perng W, Kechris K, Rewers M, Norris JM. Genome-wide analysis of oxylipins and oxylipin profiles in a pediatric population. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1040993. [PMID: 37057071 PMCID: PMC10086335 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxylipins are inflammatory biomarkers derived from omega-3 and-6 fatty acids implicated in inflammatory diseases but have not been studied in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The aim of this study was to identify genetic loci associated with oxylipins and oxylipin profiles to identify biologic pathways and therapeutic targets for oxylipins. Methods We conducted a GWAS of plasma oxylipins in 316 participants in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). DNA samples were genotyped using the TEDDY-T1D Exome array, and additional variants were imputed using the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) multi-ancestry reference panel. Principal components analysis of 36 plasma oxylipins was used to capture oxylipin profiles. PC1 represented linoleic acid (LA)- and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-related oxylipins, and PC2 represented arachidonic acid (ARA)-related oxylipins. Oxylipin PC1, PC2, and the top five loading oxylipins from each PC were used as outcomes in the GWAS (genome-wide significance: p < 5×10-8). Results The SNP rs143070873 was associated with (p < 5×10-8) the LA-related oxylipin 9-HODE, and rs6444933 (downstream of CLDN11) was associated with the LA-related oxylipin 13 S-HODE. A locus between MIR1302-7 and LOC100131146, rs10118380 and an intronic variant in TRPM3 were associated with the ARA-related oxylipin 11-HETE. These loci are involved in inflammatory signaling cascades and interact with PLA2, an initial step to oxylipin biosynthesis. Conclusion Genetic loci involved in inflammation and oxylipin metabolism are associated with oxylipin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Buckner
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States
| | - Randi K. Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren A. Vanderlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Patrick M. Carry
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alex Romero
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Soojeong Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brigitte I. Frohnert
- The Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tessa Crume
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Marian Rewers
- The Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Wheeler JJ, Domenichiello AF, Jensen JR, Keyes GS, Maiden KM, Davis JM, Ramsden CE, Mishra SK. Endogenous Derivatives of Linoleic Acid and their Stable Analogs Are Potential Pain Mediators. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100177. [PMID: 36876220 PMCID: PMC9982331 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is characterized by intense pruritus, with a subset of individuals with psoriasis experiencing thermal hypersensitivity. However, the pathophysiology of thermal hypersensitivity in psoriasis and other skin conditions remains enigmatic. Linoleic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid that is concentrated in the skin, and oxidation of linoleic acid into metabolites with multiple hydroxyl and epoxide functional groups has been shown to play a role in skin barrier function. Previously, we identified several linoleic acid‒derived mediators that were more concentrated in psoriatic lesions, but the role of these lipids in psoriasis remains unknown. In this study, we report that two such compounds-9,10-epoxy-13-hydroxy-octadecenoate and 9,10,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoate-are present as free fatty acids and induce nociceptive behavior in mice but not in rats. By chemically stabilizing 9,10-epoxy-13-hydroxy-octadecenoate and 9,10,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoate through the addition of methyl groups, we observed pain and hypersensitization in mice. The nociceptive responses suggest an involvement of the TRPA1 channel, whereas hypersensitive responses induced by these mediators may require both TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels. Furthermore, we showed that 9,10,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoate‒induced calcium transients in sensory neurons are mediated through the Gβγ subunit of an unidentified G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Overall, mechanistic insights from this study will guide the development of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of pain and hypersensitivity.
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Key Words
- 9,10,13-THL, 9,10,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoate
- 9,13-EHL, 13-hydroxy-9,10-epoxy octadecenoate
- CFA, complete Freund’s adjuvant
- DRG, dorsal root ganglia
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HODE, hydroxyoctadecenoate
- KO, knockout
- LA, linoleic acid
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- TRP, transient receptor potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Wheeler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony F. Domenichiello
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Jensen
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gregory S. Keyes
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen M. Maiden
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Obstetrics-Gynecology Program, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John M. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
| | - Christopher E. Ramsden
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Santosh K. Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Correspondence: Santosh K. Mishra, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, RB 242, Raleigh 27607, North Carolina, USA.
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Lipid mediators generated by the cytochrome P450—Epoxide hydrolase pathway. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:327-373. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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The FKBP51 Inhibitor SAFit2 Restores the Pain-Relieving C16 Dihydroceramide after Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214274. [PMID: 36430751 PMCID: PMC9695264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a pathological pain state with a broad symptom scope that affects patients after nerve injuries, but it can also arise after infections or exposure to toxic substances. Current treatment possibilities are still limited because of the low efficacy and severe adverse effects of available therapeutics, highlighting an emerging need for novel analgesics and for a detailed understanding of the pathophysiological alterations in the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Here, we show that the novel and highly specific FKBP51 inhibitor SAFit2 restores lipid signaling and metabolism in nervous tissue after nerve injury. More specifically, we identify that SAFit2 restores the levels of the C16 dihydroceramide, which significantly reduces the sensitization of the pain-mediating TRPV1 channel and subsequently the secretion of the pro-inflammatory neuropeptide CGRP in primary sensory neurons. Furthermore, we show that the C16 dihydroceramide is capable of reducing acute thermal hypersensitivity in a capsaicin mouse model. In conclusion, we report for the first time the C16 dihydroceramide as a novel and crucial lipid mediator in the context of neuropathic pain as it has analgesic properties, contributing to the pain-relieving properties of SAFit2.
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Birkic N, Azar T, Maddipati KR, Minic Z, Reynolds CA. Excessive dietary linoleic acid promotes plasma accumulation of pronociceptive fatty acyl lipid mediators. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17832. [PMID: 36284115 PMCID: PMC9596689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Various fatty acyl lipid mediators are derived from dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and modulate nociception. The modern diet is rich in linoleic acid, which is associated with nociceptive hypersensitivities and may present a risk factor for developing pain conditions. Although recommendations about fatty acid intake exist for some diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease), the role of dietary fatty acids in promoting pain disorders is not completely understood. To determine how dietary linoleic acid content influences the accumulation of pro- and anti-nociceptive fatty acyl lipid mediators, we created novel rodent diets using custom triglyceride blends rich in either linoleic acid or oleic acid. We quantified the fatty acyl lipidome in plasma of male and female rats fed these custom diets from the time of weaning through nine weeks of age. Dietary fatty acid composition determined circulating plasma fatty acyl lipidome content. Exposure to a diet rich in linoleic acid was associated with accumulation of linoleic and arachidonic acid-derived pro-nociceptive lipid mediators and reduction of anti-nociceptive lipid mediators derived from the omega-3 PUFAs. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into exaggerated nociceptive hypersensitivity associated with excessive dietary linoleic acid intake and highlight potential biomarkers for pain risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Birkic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Toni Azar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zeljka Minic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christian A Reynolds
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Lee H, Liu Z, Dong L, Cheong SH, Lee DS. Lycopus maackianus Makino MeOH Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects in Neuronal Cells and Zebrafish Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040690. [PMID: 35453375 PMCID: PMC9025111 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopus maackianus Makino belongs to the Labiatae family and is used in traditional medicine to manage postpartum edema and boils. However, few studies on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have been conducted. Here, the compounds in L. maackianus methanol (MeOH) extract were profiled using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. The antioxidant activity of L. maackianus MeOH extract was shown to increase in a concentration-dependent manner by investigating the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity. Next, in lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells, L. maackianus extract inactivated the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway, inhibiting nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α production and inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. Furthermore, L. maackianus extract protected against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in glutamate-stimulated HT22 cells. L. maackianus MeOH extract induced heme oxygenase-1 expression and increased the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in the nucleus, thus exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, the in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract were demonstrated in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model treated with hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide. MeOH L. maackianus extract showed antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects by increasing the expression of heme oxygenase-1, establishing its therapeutic potential for neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (H.L.); (Z.L.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-230-6386
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Carpi-Santos R, de Melo Reis RA, Gomes FCA, Calaza KC. Contribution of Müller Cells in the Diabetic Retinopathy Development: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040617. [PMID: 35453302 PMCID: PMC9027671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a neurovascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of vision loss in adults. Glial cells have a key role in maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. In the retina, the predominant element is the Müller cell, a specialized cell with radial morphology that spans all retinal layers and influences the function of the entire retinal circuitry. Müller cells provide metabolic support, regulation of extracellular composition, synaptic activity control, structural organization of the blood–retina barrier, antioxidant activity, and trophic support, among other roles. Therefore, impairments of Müller actions lead to retinal malfunctions. Accordingly, increasing evidence indicates that Müller cells are affected in diabetic retinopathy and may contribute to the severity of the disease. Here, we will survey recently described alterations in Müller cell functions and cellular events that contribute to diabetic retinopathy, especially related to oxidative stress and inflammation. This review sheds light on Müller cells as potential therapeutic targets of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Carpi-Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.-S.); (F.C.A.G.)
| | - Ricardo A. de Melo Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.-S.); (F.C.A.G.)
| | - Karin C. Calaza
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24210-201, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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10
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Boakye PA, Tang SJ, Smith PA. Mediators of Neuropathic Pain; Focus on Spinal Microglia, CSF-1, BDNF, CCL21, TNF-α, Wnt Ligands, and Interleukin 1β. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 2:698157. [PMID: 35295524 PMCID: PMC8915739 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.698157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intractable neuropathic pain is a frequent consequence of nerve injury or disease. When peripheral nerves are injured, damaged axons undergo Wallerian degeneration. Schwann cells, mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and epithelial cells are activated leading to the generation of an “inflammatory soup” containing cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. These primary mediators sensitize sensory nerve endings, attract macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes, alter gene expression, promote post-translational modification of proteins, and alter ion channel function in primary afferent neurons. This leads to increased excitability and spontaneous activity and the generation of secondary mediators including colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), chemokine C-C motif ligand 21 (CCL-21), Wnt3a, and Wnt5a. Release of these mediators from primary afferent neurons alters the properties of spinal microglial cells causing them to release tertiary mediators, in many situations via ATP-dependent mechanisms. Tertiary mediators such as BDNF, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and other Wnt ligands facilitate the generation and transmission of nociceptive information by increasing excitatory glutamatergic transmission and attenuating inhibitory GABA and glycinergic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn. This review focusses on activation of microglia by secondary mediators, release of tertiary mediators from microglia and a description of their actions in the spinal dorsal horn. Attention is drawn to the substantial differences in the precise roles of various mediators in males compared to females. At least 25 different mediators have been identified but the similarity of their actions at sensory nerve endings, in the dorsal root ganglia and in the spinal cord means there is considerable redundancy in the available mechanisms. Despite this, behavioral studies show that interruption of the actions of any single mediator can relieve signs of pain in experimental animals. We draw attention this paradox. It is difficult to explain how inactivation of one mediator can relieve pain when so many parallel pathways are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Boakye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Peter A Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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11
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Minic Z, O’Leary DS, Reynolds CA. Spinal Reflex Control of Arterial Blood Pressure: The Role of TRP Channels and Their Endogenous Eicosanoid Modulators. Front Physiol 2022; 13:838175. [PMID: 35283783 PMCID: PMC8904930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.838175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord is an important integrative center for blood pressure control. Spinal sensory fibers send projections to sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the thoracic spinal cord and drive sympathetically-mediated increases in blood pressure. While these reflexes responses occur in able-bodied individuals, they are exaggerated following interruption of descending control - such as occurs following spinal cord injury. Similar reflex control of blood pressure may exist in disease states, other than spinal cord injury, where there is altered input to sympathetic preganglionic neurons. This review primarily focuses on mechanisms wherein visceral afferent information traveling via spinal nerves influences sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. There is an abundance of evidence for the widespread presence of this spinal reflex arch originating from virtually every visceral organ and thus having a substantial role in blood pressure control. Additionally, this review highlights specific endogenous eicosanoid species, which modulate the activity of afferent fibers involved in this reflex, through their interactions with transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Minic
- Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Donal S. O’Leary
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Christian A. Reynolds
- Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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12
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Oxidized linoleic acid metabolites maintain mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity during sub-chronic inflammatory pain. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114953. [PMID: 35149052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain serves as a protective defense mechanism which becomes pathological when it turns into chronic inflammatory pain. This transition is mediated by a variety of peripheral mediators that sensitize nociceptors and increase pain perception in sensory neurons. Besides cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, accumulating evidence shows that oxidized lipids, such as eicosanoids and oxidized linoleic acid metabolites, contribute to this sensitization process. Most notably, the oxidized linoleic acid metabolite and partial TRPV1 agonist 9-HODE (hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) was shown to be involved in this sensitization process. However, it is still unknown how some of the oxidized linoleic acid metabolites are synthesized in the inflammatory environment and in which phase of inflammation they become relevant. Here we show that the concentrations of oxidized linoleic acid metabolites, especially 9-HODE and 13-HODE, are significantly increased in inflamed paw tissue and the corresponding dorsal root ganglia in the sub-chronic phase of inflammation. Surprisingly, classical inflammatory lipid markers, such as prostaglandins were at basal levels in this phase of inflammation. Moreover, we revealed the cell type specific synthesis pathways of oxidized linoleic acid metabolites in primary macrophages, primary neutrophils and dorsal root ganglia. Finally, we show that blocking the most elevated metabolites 9-HODE and 13-HODE at the site of inflammation in the sub-chronic phase of inflammation, leads to a significant relief of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in vivo. In summary, these data offer an approach to specifically target oxidized linoleic acid metabolites in the transition of acute inflammatory pain to chronic inflammatory pain.
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Rimola V, Hahnefeld L, Zhao J, Jiang C, Angioni C, Schreiber Y, Osthues T, Pierre S, Geisslinger G, Ji RR, Scholich K, Sisignano M. Lysophospholipids Contribute to Oxaliplatin-Induced Acute Peripheral Pain. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9519-9532. [PMID: 33158961 PMCID: PMC7724144 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1223-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, which is used as first-line treatment for some types of colorectal carcinoma, causes peripheral neuropathic pain in patients. In addition, an acute peripheral pain syndrome develop in almost 90% of patients immediately after oxaliplatin treatment, which is poorly understood mechanistically but correlates with incidence and severity of the later-occurring neuropathy. Here we investigated the effects of acute oxaliplatin treatment in a murine model, showing that male and female mice develop mechanical hypersensitivity 24 h after oxaliplatin treatment. Interestingly, we found that the levels of several lipids were significantly altered in nervous tissue during oxaliplatin-induced acute pain. Specifically, the linoleic acid metabolite 9,10-EpOME (epoxide of linoleic acid) as well as the lysophospholipids lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:1 and LPC 16:0 were significantly increased 24 h after oxaliplatin treatment in sciatic nerve, DRGs, or spinal cord tissue as revealed by untargeted and targeted lipidomics. In contrast, inflammatory markers including cytokines and chemokines, ROS markers, and growth factors are unchanged in the respective nervous system tissues. Importantly, LPC 18:1 and LPC 16:0 can induce Ca2+ transients in primary sensory neurons, and we identify LPC 18:1 as a previously unknown endogenous activator of the ligand-gated calcium channels transient receptor potential V1 and M8 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential melastatin 8) in primary sensory neurons using both pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockout. Additionally, a peripheral LPC 18:1 injection was sufficient to induce mechanical hypersensitivity in naive mice. Hence, targeting signaling lipid pathways may ameliorate oxaliplatin-induced acute peripheral pain and the subsequent long-lasting neuropathy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The first-line cytostatic drug oxaliplatin can cause acute peripheral pain and chronic neuropathic pain. The former is causally connected with the chronic neuropathic pain, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we performed a broad unbiased analysis of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and ∼200 lipids in nervous system tissues 24 h after oxaliplatin treatment, which revealed a crucial role of lysophospholipids lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:1, LPC 16:0, and 9,10-EpOME in oxaliplatin-induced acute pain. We demonstrate for the first time that LPC 18:1 contributes to the activation of the ion channels transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential melastatin 8 in sensory neurons and causes mechanical hypersensitivity after peripheral injection in vivo These findings suggest that the LPC-mediated lipid signaling is involved in oxaliplatin-induced acute peripheral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Rimola
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Junli Zhao
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tabea Osthues
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Sarparast M, Dattmore D, Alan J, Lee KSS. Cytochrome P450 Metabolism of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3523. [PMID: 33207662 PMCID: PMC7696575 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the aging population in the world, neurodegenerative diseases have become a serious public health issue that greatly impacts patients' quality of life and adds a huge economic burden. Even after decades of research, there is no effective curative treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have become an emerging dietary medical intervention for health maintenance and treatment of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Recent research demonstrated that the oxidized metabolites, particularly the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites, of PUFAs are beneficial to several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease; however, their mechanism(s) remains unclear. The endogenous levels of CYP metabolites are greatly affected by our diet, endogenous synthesis, and the downstream metabolism. While the activity of omega-3 (ω-3) CYP PUFA metabolites and omega-6 (ω-6) CYP PUFA metabolites largely overlap, the ω-3 CYP PUFA metabolites are more active in general. In this review, we will briefly summarize recent findings regarding the biosynthesis and metabolism of CYP PUFA metabolites. We will also discuss the potential mechanism(s) of CYP PUFA metabolites in neurodegeneration, which will ultimately improve our understanding of how PUFAs affect neurodegeneration and may identify potential drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sarparast
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Devon Dattmore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jamie Alan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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15
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Das A, Weigle AT, Arnold WR, Kim JS, Carnevale LN, Huff HC. CYP2J2 Molecular Recognition: A New Axis for Therapeutic Design. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107601. [PMID: 32534953 PMCID: PMC7773148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases are a special subset of heme-containing CYP enzymes capable of performing the epoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the metabolism of xenobiotics. This dual functionality positions epoxygenases along a metabolic crossroad. Therefore, structure-function studies are critical for understanding their role in bioactive oxy-lipid synthesis, drug-PUFA interactions, and for designing therapeutics that directly target the epoxygenases. To better exploit CYP epoxygenases as therapeutic targets, there is a need for improved understanding of epoxygenase structure-function. Of the characterized epoxygenases, human CYP2J2 stands out as a potential target because of its role in cardiovascular physiology. In this review, the early research on the discovery and activity of epoxygenases is contextualized to more recent advances in CYP epoxygenase enzymology with respect to PUFA and drug metabolism. Additionally, this review employs CYP2J2 epoxygenase as a model system to highlight both the seminal works and recent advances in epoxygenase enzymology. Herein we cover CYP2J2's interactions with PUFAs and xenobiotics, its tissue-specific physiological roles in diseased states, and its structural features that enable epoxygenase function. Additionally, the enumeration of research on CYP2J2 identifies the future needs for the molecular characterization of CYP2J2 to enable a new axis of therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Austin T Weigle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - William R Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lauren N Carnevale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hannah C Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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16
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The Lipid Receptor G2A (GPR132) Mediates Macrophage Migration in Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071740. [PMID: 32708184 PMCID: PMC7409160 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and mechanistically characterized by strong neuroimmune interactions, involving signaling lipids that act via specific G-protein coupled receptors. Here, we investigated the role of the signaling lipid receptor G2A (GPR132) in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain using the robust spared nerve injury (SNI) mouse model. We found that the concentrations of the G2A agonist 9-HODE (9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) are strongly increased at the site of nerve injury during neuropathic pain. Moreover, G2A-deficient mice show a strong reduction of mechanical hypersensitivity after nerve injury. This phenotype is accompanied by a massive reduction of invading macrophages and neutrophils in G2A-deficient mice and a strongly reduced release of the proalgesic mediators TNFα, IL-6 and VEGF at the site of injury. Using a global proteome analysis to identify the underlying signaling pathways, we found that G2A activation in macrophages initiates MyD88-PI3K-AKT signaling and transient MMP9 release to trigger cytoskeleton remodeling and migration. We conclude that G2A-deficiency reduces inflammatory responses by decreasing the number of immune cells and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors at the site of nerve injury. Inhibiting the G2A receptor after nerve injury may reduce immune cell-mediated peripheral sensitization and may thus ameliorate neuropathic pain.
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17
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Wagner KM, Gomes A, McReynolds CB, Hammock BD. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Regulation of Lipid Mediators Limits Pain. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:900-916. [PMID: 32875445 PMCID: PMC7609775 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lipids in pain signaling is well established and built on decades of knowledge about the pain and inflammation produced by prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolites of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolism, respectively. The analgesic properties of other lipid metabolites are more recently coming to light. Lipid metabolites have been observed to act directly at ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors on nociceptive neurons as well as act indirectly at cellular membranes. Cytochrome P450 metabolism of specifically long-chain fatty acids forms epoxide metabolites, the epoxy-fatty acids (EpFA). The biological role of these metabolites has been found to mediate analgesia in several types of pain pathology. EpFA act through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms to limit pain and inflammation including nuclear receptor agonism, limiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and blocking mitochondrial dysfunction. Small molecule inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase can stabilize the EpFA in vivo, and this approach has demonstrated relief in preclinical modeled pain pathology. Moreover, the ability to block neuroinflammation extends the potential benefit of targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase to maintain EpFA for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Aldrin Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cindy B McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA.
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18
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Tao X, Lee MS, Donnelly CR, Ji RR. Neuromodulation, Specialized Proresolving Mediators, and Resolution of Pain. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:886-899. [PMID: 32696274 PMCID: PMC7609770 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current crises in opioid abuse and chronic pain call for the development of nonopioid and nonpharmacological therapeutics for pain relief. Neuromodulation-based approaches, such as spinal cord stimulation, dorsal root ganglion simulation, and nerve stimulation including vagus nerve stimulation, have shown efficacy in achieving pain control in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the mechanisms by which neuromodulation alleviates pain are not fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuromodulation regulates inflammation and neuroinflammation-a localized inflammation in peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglia/trigeminal ganglia, and spinal cord/brain-through neuro-immune interactions. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) such as resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins are lipid molecules produced during the resolution phase of inflammation and exhibit multiple beneficial effects in resolving inflammation in various animal models. Recent studies suggest that SPMs inhibit inflammatory pain, postoperative pain, neuropathic pain, and cancer pain in rodent models via immune, glial, and neuronal modulations. It is noteworthy that sham surgery is sufficient to elevate resolvin levels and may serve as a model of resolution. Interestingly, it has been shown that the vagus nerve produces SPMs and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) induces SPM production in vitro. In this review, we discuss how neuromodulation such as VNS controls pain via immunomodulation and neuro-immune interactions and highlight possible involvement of SPMs. In particular, we demonstrate that VNS via auricular electroacupuncture effectively attenuates chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Furthermore, auricular stimulation is able to increase resolvin levels in mice. Thus, we propose that neuromodulation may control pain and inflammation/neuroinflammatioin via SPMs. Finally, we discuss key questions that remain unanswered in our understanding of how neuromodulation-based therapies provide short-term and long-term pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshu Tao
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael S Lee
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christopher R Donnelly
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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19
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Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Discovering New Active Compounds Targeting TRPA1 Pain Receptors. AI 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ai1020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a ligand-gated calcium channel activated by cold temperatures and by a plethora of electrophilic environmental irritants (allicin, acrolein, mustard-oil) and endogenously oxidized lipids (15-deoxy-∆12, 14-prostaglandin J2 and 5, 6-eposyeicosatrienoic acid). These oxidized lipids work as agonists, making TRPA1 a key player in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. TRPA1 antagonists acting as non-central pain blockers are a promising choice for future treatment of pain-related conditions having advantages over current therapeutic choices A large variety of in silico methods have been used in drug design to speed up the development of new active compounds such as molecular docking, quantitative structure-activity relationship models (QSAR), and machine learning classification algorithms. Artificial intelligence methods can significantly improve the drug discovery process and it is an attractive field that can bring together computer scientists and experts in drug development. In our paper, we aimed to develop three machine learning algorithms frequently used in drug discovery research: feedforward neural networks (FFNN), random forests (RF), and support vector machines (SVM), for discovering novel TRPA1 antagonists. All three machine learning methods used the same class of independent variables (multilevel neighborhoods of atoms descriptors) as prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) software. The model with the highest accuracy and most optimal performance metrics was the random forest algorithm, showing 99% accuracy and 0.9936 ROC AUC. Thus, our study emphasized that simpler and robust machine learning algorithms such as random forests perform better in correctly classifying TRPA1 antagonists since the dimension of the dependent variables dataset is relatively modest.
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20
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Talavera K, Startek JB, Alvarez-Collazo J, Boonen B, Alpizar YA, Sanchez A, Naert R, Nilius B. Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential TRPA1 Channels: From Structure to Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:725-803. [PMID: 31670612 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) channels are Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channels remarkably conserved through the animal kingdom. Mammals have only one member, TRPA1, which is widely expressed in sensory neurons and in non-neuronal cells (such as epithelial cells and hair cells). TRPA1 owes its name to the presence of 14 ankyrin repeats located in the NH2 terminus of the channel, an unusual structural feature that may be relevant to its interactions with intracellular components. TRPA1 is primarily involved in the detection of an extremely wide variety of exogenous stimuli that may produce cellular damage. This includes a plethora of electrophilic compounds that interact with nucleophilic amino acid residues in the channel and many other chemically unrelated compounds whose only common feature seems to be their ability to partition in the plasma membrane. TRPA1 has been reported to be activated by cold, heat, and mechanical stimuli, and its function is modulated by multiple factors, including Ca2+, trace metals, pH, and reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonyl species. TRPA1 is involved in acute and chronic pain as well as inflammation, plays key roles in the pathophysiology of nearly all organ systems, and is an attractive target for the treatment of related diseases. Here we review the current knowledge about the mammalian TRPA1 channel, linking its unique structure, widely tuned sensory properties, and complex regulation to its roles in multiple pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Justyna B Startek
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julio Alvarez-Collazo
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brett Boonen
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alicia Sanchez
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbe Naert
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Osthues T, Sisignano M. Oxidized Lipids in Persistent Pain States. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1147. [PMID: 31680947 PMCID: PMC6803483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, nerve injuries, or diseases like multiple sclerosis can cause pathophysiological processes of persistent and neuropathic pain. Thereby, the activation threshold of ion channels is reduced in peripheral sensory neurons to normally noxious stimuli like heat, cold, acid, or mechanical due to sensitization processes. This leads to enhanced neuronal activity, which can result in mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, spontaneous pain, and may initiate persistent and neuropathic pain. The treatment options for persistent and neuropathic pain patients are limited; for about 50% of them, current medication is not efficient due to severe side effects or low response to the treatment. Therefore, it is of special interest to find additional treatment strategies. One approach is the control of neuronal sensitization processes. Herein, signaling lipids are crucial mediators and play an important role during the onset and maintenance of pain. As preclinical studies demonstrate, lipids may act as endogenous ligands or may sensitize transient receptor potential (TRP)-channels. Likewise, they can cause enhanced activity of sensory neurons by mechanisms involving G-protein coupled receptors and activation of intracellular protein kinases. In this regard, oxidized metabolites of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid, 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), their dihydroxy-metabolites (DiHOMEs), as well as epoxides of linoleic acid (EpOMEs) and of arachidonic acid (EETs), as well as lysophospholipids, sphingolipids, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have been reported to play distinct roles in pain transmission or inhibition. Here, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of the oxidized linoleic acid metabolites and eicosanoids. Furthermore, we critically evaluate their role as potential targets for the development of novel analgesics and for the treatment of persistent or neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Osthues
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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22
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Luo X, Gu Y, Tao X, Serhan CN, Ji RR. Resolvin D5 Inhibits Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain in Male But Not Female Mice: Distinct Actions of D-Series Resolvins in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:745. [PMID: 31333464 PMCID: PMC6624779 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies have demonstrated that essential fatty acid-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) promote the resolution of inflammation and pain. However, the potential analgesic actions of SPMs in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) are not known. Recent results also showed sex dimorphism in immune cell signaling in neuropathic pain. Here, we evaluated the analgesic actions of D-series resolvins (RvD1, RvD2, RvD3, RvD4, and RvD5) on a CIPN in male and female mice. Paclitaxel (PTX, 2 mg/kg), given on days 0, 2, 4, and 6, produced robust mechanical allodynia in both sexes at 2 weeks. Intrathecal injection of RvD1 and RvD2 (100 ng, i.t.) at 2 weeks reversed PTX-induced mechanical allodynia in both sexes, whereas RvD3 and RvD4 (100 ng, i.t.) had no apparent effects on either sex. Interestingly, RvD5 (100 ng, i.t.) only reduced mechanical allodynia in male mice but not in female mice. Notably, PTX-induced mechanical allodynia was fully developed in Trpv1 or Trpa1 knockout mice, showing no sex differences. Also, intrathecal RvD5 reduced mechanical allodynia in male mice lacking Trpv1 or Trpa1, whereas female mice with Trpv1 or Trpa1 deficiency had no response to RvD5. Finally, RvD5-induced male-specific analgesia was also confirmed in an inflammatory pain condition. Formalin-induced second phase pain (licking and flinching) was reduced by intrathecal RvD5 in male but not female mice. These findings identified RvD5 as the first SPM that shows sex dimorphism in pain regulation. Moreover, these results suggest that specific resolvins may be used to treat CIPN, a rising health concern in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yun Gu
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xueshu Tao
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Charles Nicholas Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Yu S, Huang S, Ding Y, Wang W, Wang A, Lu Y. Transient receptor potential ion-channel subfamily V member 4: a potential target for cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:497. [PMID: 31235786 PMCID: PMC6591233 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ion-channel superfamily consists of nonselective cation channels located mostly on the plasma membranes of numerous animal cell types, which are closely related to sensory information transmission (e.g., vision, pain, and temperature perception), as well as regulation of intracellular Ca2+ balance and physiological activities of growth and development. Transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily V (TRPV) is one of the largest and most diverse subfamilies, including TRPV1-TRPV6 involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. TRPV4 can be activated by various physical and chemical stimuli, such as heat, mechanical force, and phorbol ester derivatives participating in the maintenance of normal cellular functions. In recent years, the roles of TRPV4 in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration have been extensively studied. Its abnormal expression has also been closely related to the onset and progression of multiple tumors, so TRPV4 may be a target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focused on the latest studies concerning the role of TRPV4 in tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential. As evidenced by the effects on cancerogenesis, TRPV4 is a potential target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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24
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Sensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 and increasing its endogenous ligand 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in rats with monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. Pain 2019; 159:939-947. [PMID: 29438227 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) receptor modulates pain, and this has been noted in several animal models. However, the involvement of TRPV4 in osteoarthritic (OA) pain remains poorly understood. This study assessed the functional changes in TRPV4 and the expression of its endogenous ligand 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET) in a rat monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA pain model (MIA rats). Monoiodoacetate-treated rats showed reduced grip strength as compared to sham-treated rats, and this loss in function could be recovered by the intraarticular administration of a TRPV4 antagonist (HC067047 or GSK2193874). By contrast, the intraarticular administration of the TRPV4 agonist, GSK1016790A, increased the pain-related behaviors in MIA rats but not in sham rats. TRPV4 expression was not increased in knee joints of MIA rats; however, the levels of phosphorylated TRPV4 at Ser824 were increased in dorsal root ganglion neurons. In addition, 5,6-EET was increased in lavage fluids from the knee joints of MIA rats and in meniscectomy-induced OA pain model rats. 5,6-EET and its metabolite were also detected in synovial fluids from patients with OA. In conclusion, TRPV4 was sensitized in the knee joints of MIA rats through phosphorylation in dorsal root ganglion neurons, along with an increase in the levels of its endogenous ligand 5,6-EET. The analgesic effects of the TRPV4 antagonist in the OA pain model rats suggest that TRPV4 may be a potent target for OA pain relief.
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25
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Huang Y, Chen SR, Chen H, Pan HL. Endogenous transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and vanilloid 1 activity potentiates glutamatergic input to spinal lamina I neurons in inflammatory pain. J Neurochem 2019; 149:381-398. [PMID: 30716174 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is associated with peripheral and central sensitization, but the underlying synaptic plasticity at the spinal cord level is poorly understood. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels expressed at peripheral nerve endings, including TRP subtypes ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), can detect nociceptive stimuli. In this study, we determined the contribution of presynaptic TRPA1 and TRPV1 at the spinal cord level to regulating nociceptive drive in chronic inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. CFA treatment caused a large increase in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in lamina I, but not lamina II outer zone, dorsal horn neurons. However, blocking NMDA receptors had no effect on spontaneous EPSCs in lamina I neurons of CFA-treated rats. Application of a specific TRPA1 antagonist, AM-0902, or of a specific TRPV1 antagonist, 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin, significantly attenuated the elevated frequency of spontaneous EPSCs and miniature EPSCs, the amplitude of monosynaptic EPSCs evoked from the dorsal root in lamina I neurons of CFA-treated rats. AM-0902 and 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin had no effect on evoked or miniature EPSCs in lamina I neurons of vehicle-treated rats. In addition, intrathecal injection of AM-0902 or 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin significantly reduced pain hypersensitivity in CFA-treated rats but had no effect on acute nociception in vehicle-treated rats. Therefore, unlike neuropathic pain, chronic inflammatory pain is associated with NMDA receptor-independent potentiation in glutamatergic drive to spinal lamina I neurons. Endogenous presynaptic TRPA1 and TRPV1 activity at the spinal level contributes to increased nociceptive input from primary sensory nerves to dorsal horn neurons in inflammatory pain. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shao-Rui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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26
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Griggs RB, Santos DF, Laird DE, Doolen S, Donahue RR, Wessel CR, Fu W, Sinha GP, Wang P, Zhou J, Brings S, Fleming T, Nawroth PP, Susuki K, Taylor BK. Methylglyoxal and a spinal TRPA1-AC1-Epac cascade facilitate pain in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:76-86. [PMID: 30807826 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a devastating neurological complication of diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive metabolite whose elevation in the plasma corresponds to PDN in patients and pain-like behavior in rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Here, we addressed the MG-related spinal mechanisms of PDN in type 2 diabetes using db/db mice, an established model of type 2 diabetes, and intrathecal injection of MG in conventional C57BL/6J mice. Administration of either a MG scavenger (GERP10) or a vector overexpressing glyoxalase 1, the catabolic enzyme for MG, attenuated heat hypersensitivity in db/db mice. In C57BL/6J mice, intrathecal administration of MG produced signs of both evoked (heat and mechanical hypersensitivity) and affective (conditioned place avoidance) pain. MG-induced Ca2+ mobilization in lamina II dorsal horn neurons of C57BL/6J mice was exacerbated in db/db, suggestive of MG-evoked central sensitization. Pharmacological and/or genetic inhibition of transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 (TRPA1), adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1), protein kinase A (PKA), or exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Epac) blocked MG-evoked hypersensitivity in C57BL/6J mice. Similarly, intrathecal administration of GERP10, or inhibitors of TRPA1 (HC030031), AC1 (NB001), or Epac (HJC-0197) attenuated hypersensitivity in db/db mice. We conclude that MG and sensitization of a spinal TRPA1-AC1-Epac signaling cascade facilitate PDN in db/db mice. Our results warrant clinical investigation of MG scavengers, glyoxalase inducers, and spinally-directed pharmacological inhibitors of a MG-TRPA1-AC1-Epac pathway for the treatment of PDN in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Griggs
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America.
| | - Diogo F Santos
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Don E Laird
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Doolen
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Renee R Donahue
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Caitlin R Wessel
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Weisi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Ghanshyam P Sinha
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Brings
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 400 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Keiichiro Susuki
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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27
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Behavioral and cognitive animal models in headache research. J Headache Pain 2019; 20:11. [PMID: 30704400 PMCID: PMC6734244 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-019-0963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models have provided a growing body of information about the pathophysiology of headaches and novel therapeutic targets. In recent years, experiments in awake animals have gained attention as more relevant headache models. Pain can be assessed in animals using behavioral alterations, which includes sensory-discriminative, affective-emotional and cognitive aspects. Spontaneous behavioral alterations such as increased grooming, freezing, eye blinking, wet dog shake and head shake and decreased locomotion, rearing, food or water consumption observed during pain episodes are oftentimes easy to translate into clinical outcomes, but are giving little information about the localization and modality of the pain. Evoked pain response such as tactile and thermal hypersensitivity measures are less translatable but gives more insight into mechanisms of action. Mechanical allodynia is usually assessed with von Frey monofilaments and dynamic aesthesiometer, and thermal allodynia can be evaluated with acetone evaporation test and Hargreaves’ test in animal models. Anxiety and depression are the most frequent comorbid diseases in headache disorders. Anxiety-like behaviors are evaluated with the open-field, elevated plus-maze or light/dark box tests. Interpretation of the latter test is challenging in migraine models, as presence of photophobia or photosensitivity can also be measured in light/dark boxes. Depressive behavior is assessed with the forced-swim or tail suspension tests. The majority of headache patients complain of cognitive symptoms and migraine is associated with poor cognitive performance in clinic-based studies. Cluster headache and tension type headache patients also exhibit a reversible cognitive dysfunction during the headache attacks. However, only a limited number of animal studies have investigated cognitive aspects of headache disorders, which remains a relatively unexplored aspect of these pathologies. Thus, the headache field has an excellent and growing selection of model systems that are likely to yield exciting advances in the future.
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28
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Tarighi N, Menger D, Pierre S, Kornstädt L, Thomas D, Ferreirós N, Nüsing RM, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. Thromboxane-Induced α-CGRP Release from Peripheral Neurons Is an Essential Positive Feedback Loop in Capsaicin-Induced Neurogenic Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:656-664. [PMID: 30612974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
α-CGRP is synthesized by sensory nerves in the dermis and its release can cause vasodilation and local inflammation. Its vasorelaxant effects are based on the direct activation of smooth muscle and endothelial cells, as well as the activation of mast cells causing the release of vasoactive and proinflammatory mediators. Here, we show that in the capsaicin model for neurogenic inflammation, capsaicin-induced edema formation is mediated by α-CGRP and mast cells, but is absent in thromboxane receptor-deficient mice. Capsaicin treatment of mice induced a thromboxane synthesis, which was mediated by α-CGRP and mast cells. Fittingly, α-CGRP induced thromboxane synthesis in mast cells and the thromboxane receptor agonist I-BOP caused edema formation independently of mast cells, suggesting that mast cells are the source of thromboxane. Most importantly, I-BOP-induced edema formation was mediated by α-CGRP and I-BOP was able to stimulate through calcineurin the α-CGRP release from peripheral neurons. Likewise, the signaling pathway, including α-CGRP, thromboxane receptor, and mast cells, also mediated capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, a common symptom of capsaicin treatment. Taken together, the thromboxane-induced α-CGRP release from neurons forms a positive feedback loop causing prolonged α-CGRP release and edema formation during capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Tarighi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominic Menger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Kornstädt
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf M Nüsing
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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29
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Gallelli CA, Calcagnini S, Romano A, Koczwara JB, de Ceglia M, Dante D, Villani R, Giudetti AM, Cassano T, Gaetani S. Modulation of the Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation by Endocannabinoids and Their Lipid Analogues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E93. [PMID: 30021985 PMCID: PMC6070960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7070093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the pivotal role played by oxidative stress in tissue injury development, thus resulting in several pathologies including cardiovascular, renal, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders, all characterized by an altered oxidative status. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and lipid peroxidation-derived reactive aldehydes including acrolein, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, among others, are the main responsible for cellular and tissue damages occurring in redox-dependent processes. In this scenario, a link between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and redox homeostasis impairment appears to be crucial. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, the best characterized endocannabinoids, are able to modulate the activity of several antioxidant enzymes through targeting the cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 as well as additional receptors such as the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and the orphan G protein-coupled receptors 18 and 55. Moreover, the endocannabinoids lipid analogues N-acylethanolamines showed to protect cell damage and death from reactive aldehydes-induced oxidative stress by restoring the intracellular oxidants-antioxidants balance. In this review, we will provide a better understanding of the main mechanisms triggered by the cross-talk between the oxidative stress and the ECS, focusing also on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as scavengers of reactive aldehydes and their toxic bioactive adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Anna Gallelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvio Calcagnini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Justyna Barbara Koczwara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Dante
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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30
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de Visser HM, Mastbergen SC, Ravipati S, Welsing PMJ, Pinto FC, Lafeber FPJG, Chapman V, Barrett DA, Weinans H. Local and systemic inflammatory lipid profiling in a rat model of osteoarthritis with metabolic dysregulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196308. [PMID: 29684084 PMCID: PMC5912715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bioactive oxidised lipids (oxylipins) are important signalling mediators, capable of modulating the inflammatory state of the joint and anticipated to be of importance in joint homeostasis and status of osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma and synovial fluid from rats with experimentally induced osteoarthritis to investigate the potential role of oxylipins as a marker in the disease process of early osteoarthritis. Design Forty rats were randomly allocated to a standard or high-fat diet group. After 12 weeks, local cartilage damage was induced in one knee joint in 14 rats of each diet group. The remaining 6 rats per group served as controls. At week 24, samples were collected. Oxylipin levels were quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results Overall, 31 lipid-derived inflammatory mediators were detected in fasted plasma and synovial fluid. Principal component analysis identified four distinct clusters associated with histopathological changes. Diet induced differences were evident for 13 individual plasma oxylipins, as well as 5,6-EET in synovial fluid. Surgical-model induced differences were evident for three oxylipins in synovial fluid (15-HETE, 8,9-DHET and 17R-ResolvinD1) with a different response in lipid concentrations for synovial fluid and plasma. Conclusions We demonstrate the quantification of oxidised lipids in rat plasma and synovial fluid in a model of early experimental osteoarthritis. Oxylipins in the synovial fluid that were altered as consequence of the surgically induced osteoarthritis were not represented in the plasma. Our findings suggest differential roles of the oxylipins in the local versus peripheral compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. de Visser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. C. Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - S. Ravipati
- School of Pharmacy (DAB, FCP) and School of Life Sciences (VC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - P. M. J. Welsing
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. C. Pinto
- School of Pharmacy (DAB, FCP) and School of Life Sciences (VC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - F. P. J. G. Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V. Chapman
- School of Pharmacy (DAB, FCP) and School of Life Sciences (VC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kindom
| | - D. A. Barrett
- School of Pharmacy (DAB, FCP) and School of Life Sciences (VC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - H. Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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31
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Woolf CJ. Pain amplification-A perspective on the how, why, when, and where of central sensitization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jabr.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J. Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston MA USA
- Department of Neurobiology; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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Jiang M, Taghizadeh F, Steyger PS. Potential Mechanisms Underlying Inflammation-Enhanced Aminoglycoside-Induced Cochleotoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:362. [PMID: 29209174 PMCID: PMC5702304 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics remain widely used for urgent clinical treatment of life-threatening infections, despite the well-recognized risk of permanent hearing loss, i.e., cochleotoxicity. Recent studies show that aminoglycoside-induced cochleotoxicity is exacerbated by bacteriogenic-induced inflammation. This implies that those with severe bacterial infections (that induce systemic inflammation), and are treated with bactericidal aminoglycosides are at greater risk of drug-induced hearing loss than previously recognized. Incorporating this novel comorbid factor into cochleotoxicity risk prediction models will better predict which individuals are more predisposed to drug-induced hearing loss. Here, we review the cellular and/or signaling mechanisms by which host-mediated inflammatory responses to infection could enhance the trafficking of systemically administered aminoglycosides into the cochlea to enhance the degree of cochleotoxicity over that in healthy preclinical models. Once verified, these mechanisms will be potential targets for novel pharmacotherapeutics that reduce the risk of drug-induced hearing loss (and acute kidney damage) without compromising the life-saving bactericidal efficacy of aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Jiang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Farshid Taghizadeh
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Peter S Steyger
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
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33
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Woller SA, Eddinger KA, Corr M, Yaksh TL. An overview of pathways encoding nociception. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2017; 35 Suppl 107:40-46. [PMID: 28967373 PMCID: PMC6636838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system detects and interprets a variety of chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli. In the face of tissue injury, local inflammatory products perpetuate ongoing activity and sensitisation of the peripheral nerve termini. This ongoing activity evokes a state of robust spinal facilitation mediated by a number of local circuits, the net effect yielding an enhanced message of nociception to higher centres. This messaging typically wanes with the resolution of inflammation or wound healing. However, there are situations in which peripheral and central components of the pain transmission pathway extend and enhance the pain state, leading to a persistent hypersensitivity, e.g., an acute to chronic pain transition. Current work points to the contribution of innate and adaptive immunity in creating these enduring conditions. We briefly describe the underlying biological components of both physiological pain processing and pathological pain processing, as well as the acute to chronic pain transition and the role of innate and adaptive immunity in this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Woller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maripat Corr
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Mule NK, Orjuela Leon AC, Falck JR, Arand M, Marowsky A. 11,12 -Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12 EET) reduces excitability and excitatory transmission in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:310-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lu R, Flauaus C, Kennel L, Petersen J, Drees O, Kallenborn-Gerhardt W, Ruth P, Lukowski R, Schmidtko A. K Ca3.1 channels modulate the processing of noxious chemical stimuli in mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:386-395. [PMID: 28823609 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa3.1) have been recently implicated in pain processing. However, the functional role and localization of KCa3.1 in the nociceptive system are largely unknown. We here characterized the behavior of mice lacking KCa3.1 (KCa3.1-/-) in various pain models and analyzed the expression pattern of KCa3.1 in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the spinal cord. KCa3.1-/- mice demonstrated normal behavioral responses in models of acute nociceptive, persistent inflammatory, and persistent neuropathic pain. However, their behavioral responses to noxious chemical stimuli such as formalin and capsaicin were increased. Accordingly, formalin-induced nociceptive behavior was increased in wild-type mice after administration of the KCa3.1 inhibitor TRAM-34. In situ hybridization experiments detected KCa3.1 in most DRG satellite glial cells, in a minority of DRG neurons, and in ependymal cells lining the central canal of the spinal cord. Together, our data point to a specific inhibitory role of KCa3.1 for the processing of noxious chemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Lu
- Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, Goethe-Universität, Fachbereich Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, 58453 Witten, Germany.
| | - Cathrin Flauaus
- Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, Goethe-Universität, Fachbereich Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lea Kennel
- Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, Goethe-Universität, Fachbereich Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas Petersen
- Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, Goethe-Universität, Fachbereich Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Oliver Drees
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Wiebke Kallenborn-Gerhardt
- Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, Goethe-Universität, Fachbereich Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, Goethe-Universität, Fachbereich Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, 58453 Witten, Germany
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Actions and Regulation of Ionotropic Cannabinoid Receptors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 80:249-289. [PMID: 28826537 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost three decades have passed since the identification of the two specific metabotropic receptors mediating cannabinoid pharmacology. Thereafter, many cannabinoid effects, both at central and peripheral levels, have been well documented and characterized. However, numerous evidences demonstrated that these pharmacological actions could not be attributable solely to the activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors since several important cannabimimetic actions have been found in biological systems lacking CB1 or CB2 gene such as in specific cell lines or transgenic mice. It is now well accepted that, beyond their receptor-mediated effects, these molecules can act also via CB1/CB2-receptor-independent mechanism. Cannabinoids have been demonstrated to modulate several voltage-gated channels (including Ca2+, Na+, and various type of K+ channels), ligand-gated ion channels (i.e., GABA, glycine), and ion-transporting membranes proteins such as transient potential receptor class (TRP) channels. The first direct, cannabinoid receptor-independent interaction was reported on the function of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor-ion channel complex. Similar effects were reported also on the other above mentioned ion channels. In the early ninety, studies searching for endogenous modulators of L-type Ca2+ channels identified anandamide as ligand for L-type Ca2+ channel. Later investigations indicated that other types of Ca2+ currents are also affected by endocannabinoids, and, in the late ninety, it was discovered that endocannabinoids activate the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1), and nowadays, it is known that (endo)cannabinoids gate at least five distinct TRP channels. This chapter focuses on cannabinoid regulation of ion channels and lays special emphasis on their action at transient receptor channels.
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Abstract
Acute and chronic pain complaints, although common, are generally poorly served by existing therapies. This unmet clinical need reflects a failure to develop novel classes of analgesics with superior efficacy, diminished adverse effects and a lower abuse liability than those currently available. Reasons for this include the heterogeneity of clinical pain conditions, the complexity and diversity of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and the unreliability of some preclinical pain models. However, recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of pain are beginning to offer opportunities for developing novel therapeutic strategies and revisiting existing targets, including modulating ion channels, enzymes and G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Jardín I, López JJ, Diez R, Sánchez-Collado J, Cantonero C, Albarrán L, Woodard GE, Redondo PC, Salido GM, Smani T, Rosado JA. TRPs in Pain Sensation. Front Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28649203 PMCID: PMC5465271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) pain is characterized as an "unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage". The TRP super-family, compressing up to 28 isoforms in mammals, mediates a myriad of physiological and pathophysiological processes, pain among them. TRP channel might be constituted by similar or different TRP subunits, which will result in the formation of homomeric or heteromeric channels with distinct properties and functions. In this review we will discuss about the function of TRPs in pain, focusing on TRP channles that participate in the transduction of noxious sensation, especially TRPV1 and TRPA1, their expression in nociceptors and their sensitivity to a large number of physical and chemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Jardín
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
| | - José J López
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Diez
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
| | - José Sánchez-Collado
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos Cantonero
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
| | - Letizia Albarrán
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
| | - Geoffrey E Woodard
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pedro C Redondo
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
| | - Ginés M Salido
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, University of SevilleSevilla, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of ExtremaduraCáceres, Spain
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Ciardo MG, Ferrer-Montiel A. Lipids as central modulators of sensory TRP channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1615-1628. [PMID: 28432033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family is involved in a diversity of physiological processes including sensory and homeostatic functions, as well as muscle contraction and vasomotor control. Their dysfunction contributes to the etiology of several diseases, being validated as therapeutic targets. These ion channels may be activated by physical or chemical stimuli and their function is highly influenced by signaling molecules activated by extracellular signals. Notably, as integral membrane proteins, lipid molecules also modulate their membrane location and function either by direct interaction with the channel structure or by modulating the physico-chemical properties of the cellular membrane. This lipid-based modulatory effect is being considered an alternative and promising approach to regulate TRP channel dysfunction in diseases. Here, we review the current progress in this exciting field highlighting a complex channel regulation by a large diversity of lipid molecules and suggesting some diseases that may benefit from a membrane lipid therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. De la Universidad s/n, Elche, Spain.
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Hohmann SW, Angioni C, Tunaru S, Lee S, Woolf CJ, Offermanns S, Geisslinger G, Scholich K, Sisignano M. The G2A receptor (GPR132) contributes to oxaliplatin-induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:446. [PMID: 28348394 PMCID: PMC5428564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPN) is a common and severe debilitating side effect of many widely used cytostatics. However, there is no approved pharmacological treatment for CIPN available. Among other substances, oxaliplatin causes CIPN in up to 80% of treated patients. Here, we report the involvement of the G-protein coupled receptor G2A (GPR132) in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain in mice. We found that mice deficient in the G2A-receptor show decreased mechanical hypersensitivity after oxaliplatin treatment. Lipid ligands of G2A were found in increased concentrations in the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia of oxaliplatin treated mice. Calcium imaging and patch-clamp experiments show that G2A activation sensitizes the ligand-gated ion channel TRPV1 in sensory neurons via activation of PKC. Based on these findings, we conclude that targeting G2A may be a promising approach to reduce oxaliplatin-induced TRPV1-sensitization and the hyperexcitability of sensory neurons and thereby to reduce pain in patients treated with this chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan W Hohmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sorin Tunaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Seungkyu Lee
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology - Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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41
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Zinn S, Sisignano M, Kern K, Pierre S, Tunaru S, Jordan H, Suo J, Treutlein EM, Angioni C, Ferreiros N, Leffler A, DeBruin N, Offermanns S, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. The leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 form an antagonistic sensitizing system in peripheral sensory neurons. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6123-6134. [PMID: 28242764 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization of the heat-activated ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) through lipids is a fundamental mechanism during inflammation-induced peripheral sensitization. Leukotriene B4 is a proinflammatory lipid mediator whose role in peripheral nociceptive sensitization is not well understood to date. Two major G-protein-coupled receptors for leukotriene B4 have been identified: the high-affinity receptor BLT1 and the low-affinity receptor BLT2. Transcriptional screening for the expression G-protein-coupled receptors in murine dorsal root ganglia showed that both receptors were among the highest expressed in dorsal root ganglia. Calcium imaging revealed a sensitization of TRPV1-mediated calcium increases in a relative narrow concentration range for leukotriene B4 (100-200 nm). Selective antagonists and neurons from knock-out mice demonstrated a BLT1-dependent sensitization of TRPV1-mediated calcium increases. Accordingly, leukotriene B4-induced thermal hyperalgesia was mediated through BLT1 and TRPV1 as shown using the respective knock-out mice. Importantly, higher leukotriene B4 concentrations (>0.5 μm) and BLT2 agonists abolished sensitization of the TRPV1-mediated calcium increases. Also, BLT2 activation inhibited protein kinase C- and protein kinase A-mediated sensitization processes through the phosphatase calcineurin. Consequently, a selective BLT2-receptor agonist increased thermal and mechanical withdrawal thresholds during zymosan-induced inflammation. In accordance with these data, immunohistochemical analysis showed that both leukotriene B4 receptors were expressed in peripheral sensory neurons. Thus, the data show that the two leukotriene B4 receptors have opposing roles in the sensitization of peripheral sensory neurons forming a self-restricting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zinn
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina Kern
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sorin Tunaru
- the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Holger Jordan
- the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Jing Suo
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elsa-Marie Treutlein
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreiros
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Leffler
- the Department for Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Natasja DeBruin
- the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Klaus Scholich
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany,
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Levi-Rosenzvig R, Beyer AM, Hockenberry J, Ben-Shushan RS, Chuyun D, Atiya S, Tamir S, Gutterman DD, Szuchman-Sapir A. 5,6-δ-DHTL, a stable metabolite of arachidonic acid, is a potential EDHF that mediates microvascular dilation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 103:87-94. [PMID: 28007573 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prominent among the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) are the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase-derived arachidonic acid metabolites-the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), that are known as vasodilators in the microcirculation. Among the EET isomers, 5,6-EET undergoes rapid lactonization in aqueous solution to the more stable 5,6-δ DHTL (5,6-dihydroxytrienoic lactone) isomer. It is unclear whether this metabolic transformation maintains its vasodilator potential and what is the mechanism of action. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of the lactone isomer, 5,6- δ DHTL, to induce dilation of arterioles and explore the endothelial Ca2+ response mechanism. APPROACH AND RESULTS In isolated human microvessels 5,6- δ DHTL induced a dose dependent vasodilation, that was inhibited by mechanical denudation of the endothelial layer. This 5,6- δ DHTL -dependent dilation was partially reduced in the presence of L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) or the NO-scavenger, cPTIO (by 19.7%, which was not statistically significantly). In human endothelial cells, 5,6- δ DHTL induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) in a dose dependent manner. This increase in [Ca2+]i was similar to that induced by the 5,6-EET isomer, and significantly higher than observed by administering the hydrolytic dihydroxy isomer, 5,6-DHET. Further experiments aimed to investigate the mechanism of action revealed, that the 5,6-δ DHTL-mediated ([Ca2+]i elevation was reduced by IP3 and ryanodine antagonists, but not by antagonists to the TRPV4 membrane channel. Similar to their effect on the dilation response in the arteries, NO inhibitors reduced the 5,6-δ DHTL-mediated ([Ca2+]i elevation by 20%. Subsequent 5,6-δ DHTL -dependent K+ ion efflux from endothelial cells, was abolished by the inhibition of small and intermediate conductance KCa. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that 5,6-δ DHTL is a potential EDHF, that dilates microvessels through a mechanism that involves endothelial dependent Ca2+ entry, requiring endothelial hyperpolarization. These results suggest the existence of additional lactone-containing metabolites that can be derived from the PUFA metabolism and which may function as novel EDHFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Levi-Rosenzvig
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Ltd., Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph Hockenberry
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rotem Shelly Ben-Shushan
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Ltd., Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | - Shahar Atiya
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Ltd., Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Snait Tamir
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Ltd., Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andrea Szuchman-Sapir
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Ltd., Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel.
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Analgesic effect of dimethyl trisulfide in mice is mediated by TRPA1 and sst 4 receptors. Nitric Oxide 2017; 65:10-21. [PMID: 28137611 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
TRPA1 receptors are calcium-permeable ligand-gated channels expressed in primary sensory neurons and involved in inflammation and pain. Activation of these neurons might have analgesic effect. Suggested mechanism of analgesic effect mediated by TRPA1 activation is the release of somatostatin (SOM) and its action on sst4 receptors. In the present study analgesic effect of TRPA1 activation on primary sensory neurons by organic trisulfide compound dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) presumably leading to SOM release was investigated. Opening of TRPA1 by DMTS in CHO cells was examined by patch-clamp and fluorescent Ca2+ detection. Ca2+ influx upon DMTS administration in trigeminal ganglion (TRG) neurons of TRPA1 receptor wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice was detected by ratiometric Ca2+ imaging. SOM release from sensory nerves of murine skin was assessed by radioimmunoassay. Analgesic effect of DMTS in mild heat injury-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was examined by dynamic plantar aesthesiometry. Regulatory role of DMTS on deep body temperature (Tb) was measured by thermocouple thermometry with respirometry and by telemetric thermometry. DMTS produced TRPA1-mediated currents and elevated [Ca2+]i in CHO cells. Similar data were obtained in TRG neurons. DMTS released SOM from murine sensory neurons TRPA1-dependently. DMTS exerted analgesic effect mediated by TRPA1 and sst4 receptors. DMTS-evoked hypothermia and hypokinesis were attenuated in freely-moving TRPA1 KO animals. Our study has presented original evidence regarding analgesic action of DMTS which might be due to TRPA1-mediated SOM release from sensory neurons and activation of sst4 receptors. DMTS could be a novel analgesic drug candidate.
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Targeting CYP2J to reduce paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:12544-12549. [PMID: 27791151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613246113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP) is a severe dose- and therapy-limiting side effect of widely used cytostatics that is particularly difficult to treat. Here, we report increased expression of the cytochrome-P450-epoxygenase CYP2J6 and increased concentrations of its linoleic acid metabolite 9,10-EpOME (9,10-epoxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid) in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of paclitaxel-treated mice as a model of CIPNP. The lipid sensitizes TRPV1 ion channels in primary sensory neurons and causes increased frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in spinal cord nociceptive neurons, increased CGRP release from sciatic nerves and DRGs, and a reduction in mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity. In a drug repurposing screen targeting CYP2J2, the human ortholog of murine CYP2J6, we identified telmisartan, a widely used angiotensin II receptor antagonist, as a potent inhibitor. In a translational approach, administration of telmisartan reduces EpOME concentrations in DRGs and in plasma and reverses mechanical hypersensitivity in paclitaxel-treated mice. We therefore suggest inhibition of CYP2J isoforms with telmisartan as a treatment option for paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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Sághy É, Sipos É, Ács P, Bölcskei K, Pohóczky K, Kemény Á, Sándor Z, Szőke É, Sétáló G, Komoly S, Pintér E. TRPA1 deficiency is protective in cuprizone-induced demyelination-A new target against oligodendrocyte apoptosis. Glia 2016; 64:2166-2180. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Sághy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Éva Sipos
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Péter Ács
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Kata Bölcskei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sándor
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- MTA-PTE Chronic Pain Research Group; Pécs Hungary
| | - György Sétáló
- Department of Medical Biology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Sámuel Komoly
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
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Hong Z, Tian Y, Qi M, Li Y, Du Y, Chen L, Liu W, Chen L. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Inhibits γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Activated Current in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:77. [PMID: 27616980 PMCID: PMC4999446 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems is crucial for the modulation of neuronal excitability in the central nervous system (CNS). The activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is reported to enhance the response of hippocampal glutamate receptors, but whether the inhibitory neurotransmitter system can be regulated by TRPV4 remains unknown. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Here, we show that application of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) synthetic (GSK1016790A or 4α-PDD) or endogenous agonist (5,6-EET) inhibited GABA-activated current (IGABA) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, which was blocked by specific antagonists of TRPV4 and of GABAA receptors. GSK1016790A increased the phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and decreased the phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) protein levels, which was attenuated by removing extracellular calcium or by a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β antagonist. GSK1016790A-induced decrease of p-Akt protein level was sensitive to an AMPK antagonist. GSK1016790A-inhibited IGABA was blocked by an AMPK antagonist or a phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) agonist. GSK1016790A-induced inhibition of IGABA was also significantly attenuated by a protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist but was unaffected by protein kinase A or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II antagonist. We conclude that activation of TRPV4 inhibits GABAA receptor, which may be mediated by activation of AMPK and subsequent down-regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling and activation of PKC signaling. Inhibition of GABAA receptors may account for the neuronal hyperexcitability caused by TRPV4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Hong
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yujing Tian
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Mengwen Qi
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yimei Du
- Research Center of Ion Channelopathy, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, China
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Shapiro H, Singer P, Ariel A. Beyond the classic eicosanoids: Peripherally-acting oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids mediate pain associated with tissue injury and inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 111:45-61. [PMID: 27067460 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a complex sensation that may be protective or cause undue suffering and loss of function, depending on the circumstances. Peripheral nociceptor neurons (PNs) innervate most tissues, and express ion channels, nocisensors, which depolarize the cell in response to intense stimuli and numerous substances. Inflamed tissues manifest inflammatory hyperalgesia in which the threshold for pain and the response to painful stimuli are decreased and increased, respectively. Constituents of the inflammatory milieu sensitize PNs, thereby contributing to hyperalgesia. Polyunsaturated fatty acids undergo enzymatic and free radical-mediated oxygenation into an array of bioactive metabolites, oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (oxy-PUFAs), including the classic eicosanoids. Oxy-PUFA production is enhanced during inflammation. Pioneering studies by Vane and colleagues from the early 1970s first implicated classic eicosanoids in the pain associated with inflammation. Here, we review the production and action of oxy-PUFAs that are not classic eicosanoids, but nevertheless are produced in injured/ inflamed tissues and activate or sensitize PNs. In general, oxy-PUFAs that sensitize PNs may do so directly, by activation of nocisensors, ion channels or GPCRs expressed on the surface of PNs, or indirectly, by increasing the production of inflammatory mediators that activate or sensitize PNs. We focus on oxy-PUFAs that act directly on PNs. Specifically, we discuss the role of arachidonic acid-derived 12S-HpETE, HNE, ONE, PGA2, iso-PGA2 and 15d-PGJ2, 5,6-and 8,9-EET, PGE2-G and 8R,15S-diHETE, as well as the linoleic acid-derived 9-and 13-HODE in inducing acute nocifensive behavior and/or inflammatory hyperalgesia in rodents. The nocisensors TRPV1, TRPV4 and TRPA1, and putative Gαs-type GPCRs are the PN targets of these oxy-PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Shapiro
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
| | - Pierre Singer
- Department of General Intensive Care, Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Amiram Ariel
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Green D, Ruparel S, Gao X, Ruparel N, Patil M, Akopian A, Hargreaves K. Central activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 by novel endogenous agonists contributes to mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia after burn injury. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916661725. [PMID: 27411353 PMCID: PMC4955965 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916661725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary complaint of burn victims is an intense, often devastating spontaneous pain, with persistence of mechanical and thermal allodynia. The transient receptor potential channels, TRPV1 and TRPA1, are expressed by a subset of nociceptive sensory neurons and contribute to inflammatory hypersensitivity. Although their function in the periphery is well known, a role for these TRP channels in central pain mechanisms is less well defined. Lipid agonists of TRPV1 are released from peripheral tissues via enzymatic oxidation after burn injury; however, it is not known if burn injury triggers the release of oxidized lipids in the spinal cord. Accordingly, we evaluated whether burn injury evoked the central release of oxidized lipids. Analysis of lipid extracts of spinal cord tissue with HPLC-MS revealed a significant increase in levels of the epoxide and diol metabolites of linoleic acid: 9,10-DiHOME, 12,13-DiHOME, 9(10)-EpOME, and 12(13)-EpOME, that was reduced after intrathecal (i.t.) injection of the oxidative enzyme inhibitor ketoconazole. Moreover, we found that these four lipid metabolites were capable of specifically activating both TRPV1 and TRPA1. Intrathecal injection of specific antagonists to TRPV1 (AMG-517) or TRPA1 (HC-030031) significantly reduced post-burn mechanical and thermal allodynia. Finally, i.t. injection of ketoconazole significantly reversed post-burn mechanical and thermal allodynia. Our data indicate that spinal cord TRPV1 and TRPA1 contributes to pain after burn and identifies a novel class of oxidized lipids elevated in the spinal cord after burn injury. Since the management of burn pain is problematic, these findings point to a novel approach for treating post-burn pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Green
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | | | - Xiaoli Gao
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Nikita Ruparel
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Mayur Patil
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Armen Akopian
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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49
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50
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Grabauskas G. Important Study Adds to Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Visceral Hypersensitivity but Raises More Questions Than it Answers. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:777. [PMID: 26827799 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gintautas Grabauskas
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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