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Diao J, Aijun D, Wang X, Zhang S, Han Y, Xiao N, Pang Z, Ma J, Zhang Y, Luo H. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on frozen-thawed embryo transfer outcomes. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18112. [PMID: 39346070 PMCID: PMC11439401 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised concerns about its potential effects on human fertility, particularly among individuals undergoing assisted reproductive therapy (ART). However, the impact of COVID-19 on female reproductive and assisted reproductive outcomes is unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes during frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 327 enrolled patients who underwent FET cycles at a single reproductive centre. The study group consisted of patients treated between 1 January 2023 and 31 March 2023 who recently recovered from COVID-19. The embryos for transfer were generated prior to COVID-19 infection. The control group consisted of patients treated between 1 January 2021 and 31 March 2021 who were not infected and did not receive a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. Demographic and cycle characteristics and outcomes were compared. Results A total of 160 recovered women and 167 controls were included. The primary outcome-the live birth rate-was similar between the two groups (43.8% vs. 43.1%, P > 0.05). The secondary outcomes, such as the implantation rates (41.2% vs. 39.3%), biochemical pregnancy rates (56.3% vs. 56.3%), clinical pregnancy rates (52.5% vs. 52.1%), early abortion rates (8.3% vs. 12.6%) and ongoing pregnancy rates (46.9% vs. 44.3%), were also similar (P < 0.05). According to a logistic regression model, the live birth rate did not decrease after SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjusting for confounding factors (adjusted OR (95% CI) = 0.953 (0.597∼1.523)). Regardless of stratification by age or the number of embryos transferred, the differences remained nonsignificant. Subgroup logistic regression demonstrated that the time interval from infection to transplant had no significant influence on the live birth rate. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 infection after oocyte retrieval had no detrimental effect on subsequent FET outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Diao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China
| | - Du Aijun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Pang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junfang Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China
| | - Haining Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, China
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Joshi R, Paracha TU, Mostafa MM, Thorne AJ, Jayasinghe V, Yan D, Hamed O, Newton R, Giembycz MA. Comparison of the Genomic Activity of an EP 4-Receptor and β 2-Adrenoceptor Agonist in BEAS-2B Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells: In Search of Compartmentalized, cAMP-Dependent Gene Expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 391:64-81. [PMID: 39060164 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.124.002226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that inhaled E-prostanoid 4 (EP4)-receptor agonists could represent a new class of bronchodilators for the treatment of asthma that are as effective as β 2-adrenoceptor agonists. However, the genomic impact of such drugs is unknown despite being potentially deleterious to respiratory health. Herein, we used mRNA-seq to compare the transcriptomic responses produced by 2-[3-[(1R,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-[2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]pent-1-enyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl]sulphanylpropylsulphanyl] acetic acid (ONO-AE1-329; an EP4-receptor agonist) and vilanterol (a β 2-adrenoceptor agonist) in BEAS-2B human airway epithelial cells. We also determined if an increase in cAMP mediated by different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) promoted distinct transcriptional signatures by expanding this inquiry to include the adenosine A2B- and I-prostanoid receptor agonists, 2-[[6-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-[4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridinyl]thio]-acetamide (Bay60-6583) and taprostene, respectively. Maximally-effective concentrations of ONO-AE1-329 and vilanterol significantly regulated (q ≤ 0.05; ≥1.5-/≤0.67-fold) 232 and 320 genes, respectively of which 217 were shared. Spearman analysis showed these gene expression changes to be highly rank order correlated, indicating that the functional overlap between the two interventions should be considerable. Unexpectedly, the genomic effects of ONO-AE1-329, vilanterol, Bay 60-6583, and taprostene were also highly rank order correlated. This finding suggests that cAMP generated by any GPCR would initiate the same transcriptional program. Nevertheless, relative to vilanterol, ONO-AE1-329 typically behaved as a partial agonist that varied across transcripts. These data indicate that each ONO-AE1-329-regulated gene differs in sensitivity to cAMP and is defined by a unique receptor occupancy-response relationship. Moreover, if this relatively modest genomic response in BEAS-2B cells is retained in vivo, then inhaled EP4-receptor agonists could represent an alternative, and possibly safer, class of bronchodilators. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The genomic consequences of β 2-adrenoceptor agonists in asthma are often overlooked despite being potentially harmful to lung health. We determined that ONO-AE1-329, an EP4-receptor agonist and effective bronchodilator, produced gene expression changes in BEAS-2B cells that were typically modest relative to the β 2-adrenoceptor agonist vilanterol. Furthermore, ONO-AE1-329 behaved as a partial agonist that varied across transcripts. If this genomic activity is reproduced in vivo, then EP4-receptor agonists could represent an alternative, and possibly safer, class of bronchodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Joshi
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tamkeen U Paracha
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mahmoud M Mostafa
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Thorne
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Varuna Jayasinghe
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dong Yan
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Omar Hamed
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark A Giembycz
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Reinecke JB, Jimenez Garcia L, Gross AC, Cam M, Cannon MV, Gust MJ, Sheridan JP, Gryder BE, Dries R, Roberts RD. Aberrant activation of wound healing programs within the metastatic niche facilitates lung colonization by osteosarcoma cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575008. [PMID: 38260361 PMCID: PMC10802507 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung metastasis is responsible for nearly all deaths caused by osteosarcoma, the most common pediatric bone tumor. How malignant bone cells coerce the lung microenvironment to support metastatic growth is unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify metastasis-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities by delineating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma lung metastatic niche formation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq), we characterized genome- and tissue-wide molecular changes induced within lung tissues by disseminated osteosarcoma cells in both immunocompetent murine models of metastasis and patient samples. We confirmed transcriptomic findings at the protein level and determined spatial relationships with multi-parameter immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomics. Based on these findings, we evaluated the ability of nintedanib, a kinase inhibitor used to treat patients with pulmonary fibrosis, to impair metastasis progression in both immunocompetent murine osteosarcoma and immunodeficient human xenograft models. Single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics was used to perform molecular pharmacodynamic studies that define the effects of nintedanib on tumor and non-tumor cells within the metastatic microenvironment. RESULTS Osteosarcoma cells induced acute alveolar epithelial injury upon lung dissemination. scRNA-seq demonstrated that the surrounding lung stroma adopts a chronic, non-resolving wound-healing phenotype similar to that seen in other models of lung injury. Accordingly, metastasis-associated lung demonstrated marked fibrosis, likely due to the accumulation of pathogenic, pro-fibrotic, partially differentiated epithelial intermediates and macrophages. Our data demonstrated that nintedanib prevented metastatic progression in multiple murine and human xenograft models by inhibiting osteosarcoma-induced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Fibrosis represents a targetable vulnerability to block the progression of osteosarcoma lung metastasis. Our data support a model wherein interactions between osteosarcoma cells and epithelial cells create a pro-metastatic niche by inducing tumor deposition of extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin that is disrupted by the anti-fibrotic TKI nintedanib. Our data shed light on the non-cell autonomous effects of TKIs on metastasis and provide a roadmap for using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to define the mechanism of action of TKI on metastases in animal models.
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Huang L, Wang Y, He Y, Huang D, Wen T, Han Z. Association Between COVID-19 and Neurological Diseases: Evidence from Large-Scale Mendelian Randomization Analysis and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6354-6365. [PMID: 38300446 PMCID: PMC11339101 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of neurological diseases, but it remains unclear whether the association is causal. The present study aims to evaluate the causal relationships between SARS-CoV-2 infections and neurological diseases and analyzes the potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry at the cellular level. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with CAUSE method to investigate causal relationship of SARS-CoV-2 infections with neurological diseases. Then, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to obtain evidence of potential neuroinvasion routes by measuring SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression in specific cell subtypes. Fast gene set enrichment analysis (fGSEA) was further performed to assess the pathogenesis of related diseases. The results showed that the COVID-19 is causally associated with manic (delta_elpd, - 0.1300, Z-score: - 2.4; P = 0.0082) and epilepsy (delta_elpd: - 2.20, Z-score: - 1.80; P = 0.038). However, no significant effects were observed for COVID-19 on other traits. Moreover, there are 23 cell subtypes identified through the scRNA-seq transcriptomics data of epilepsy, and SARS-CoV-2 receptor TTYH2 was found to be specifically expressed in oligodendrocyte and astrocyte cell subtypes. Furthermore, fGSEA analysis showed that the cell subtypes with receptor-specific expression was related to methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ME3), neuronal system, aging brain, neurogenesis, and neuron projection. In summary, this study shows causal links between SARS-CoV-2 infections and neurological disorders such as epilepsy and manic, supported by MR and scRNA-seq analysis. These results should be considered in further studies and public health measures on COVID-19 and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijie He
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijie Han
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Cha H, Lee CM, Kim S, Kang CK, Choe PG, Jeon YK, Jo HJ, Kim NJ, Park WB, Kim HJ. Innate immune signatures in the nasopharynx after SARS-CoV-2 infection and links with the clinical outcome of COVID-19 in Omicron-dominant period. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:364. [PMID: 39172244 PMCID: PMC11342914 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
While severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by impaired induction of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), the IFNs and ISGs in upper airway is essential to restrict the spread of respiratory virus. Here, we identified the prominent IFN and ISG upregulation in the nasopharynx (NP) of mild and even severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (CoV2+) in Omicron era and to compare their clinical outcome depending on the level of IFNs and ISGs. Whereas the induction of IFNB was minimal, transcription of IFNA, IFNG, and IFNLs was significantly increased in the NP of CoV2 + patients. IFNs and ISGs may be more upregulated in the NP of CoV2 + patients at early phases of infection according to viral RNA levels and this is observed even in severe cases. IFN-related innate immune response might be characteristic in macrophages and monocytes at the NP and the CoV2 + patients with higher transcription of IFNs and ISGs in the NP showed a correlation with good prognosis of COVID-19. This study presents that IFNs and ISGs may be upregulated in the NP, even in severe CoV2 + patients depending on viral replication during Omicron-dominant period and the unique IFN-responsiveness in the NP links with COVID-19 clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyung Cha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chan Mi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Chang Kyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Pyoeng Gyun Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jae Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Fu H, Pickering H, Rubbi L, Ross TM, Zhou W, Reed EF, Pellegrini M. The response to influenza vaccination is associated with DNA methylation-driven regulation of T cell innate antiviral pathways. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:114. [PMID: 39169387 PMCID: PMC11340180 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of vaccination on the epigenome remains poorly characterized. In previous research, we identified an association between seroprotection against influenza and DNA methylation at sites associated with the RIG-1 signaling pathway, which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and leads to a type I interferon response. However, these studies did not fully account for confounding factors including age, gender, and BMI, along with changes in cell-type composition. RESULTS Here, we studied the influenza vaccine response in a longitudinal cohort vaccinated over two consecutive years (2019-2020 and 2020-2021), using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a targeted DNA methylation approach. To address the effects of multiple factors on the epigenome, we designed a multivariate multiple regression model that included seroprotection levels as quantified by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay test. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that 179 methylation sites can be combined as potential signatures to predict seroprotection. These sites were not only enriched for genes involved in the regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway, as found previously, but also enriched for other genes associated with innate immunity to viruses and the transcription factor binding sites of BRD4, which is known to impact T cell memory. We propose a model to suggest that the RIG-I pathway and BRD4 could potentially be modulated to improve immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Fu
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harry Pickering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liudmilla Rubbi
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wanding Zhou
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Baral B, Saini V, Kandpal M, Kundu P, Dixit AK, Parmar HS, Meena AK, Trivedi P, Jha HC. The interplay of co-infections in shaping COVID-19 severity: Expanding the scope beyond SARS-CoV-2. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102486. [PMID: 39002466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
High mortality has been reported in severe cases of COVID-19. Emerging reports suggested that the severity is not only due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also due to coinfections by other pathogens exhibiting symptoms like COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, simultaneous respiratory coinfections with various viral (Retroviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Picoviridae) and bacterial (Mycobacteriaceae, Mycoplasmataceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Helicobacteraceae) families have been observed. These pathogens intensify disease severity by potentially augmenting SARSCoV-2 replication, inflammation, and modulation of signaling pathways. Coinfection emerges as a critical determinant of COVID-19 severity, principally instigated by heightened pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, as cytokine storm. Thereby, in co-infection scenario, the severity is also driven by the modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways by both pathogens possibly associated with interleukin, interferon, and cell death exacerbating the severity. In the current review, we attempt to understand the role of co- infections by other pathogens and their involvement in the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhadev Baral
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishali Saini
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Kandpal
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pratik Kundu
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dixit
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 4-CN Block, Sector -V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Hamendra Singh Parmar
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Meena
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Gwalior, Amkhoh, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474001, India
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India; Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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8
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Redd PS, Merting AD, Klement JD, Poschel DB, Yang D, Liu K. In vitro antibody-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection suppression through human ACE2 receptor blockade. Immunol Lett 2024; 268:106887. [PMID: 38925442 PMCID: PMC11256821 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines and antibodies that specifically target or neutralize components of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are effective in prevention and treatment of human patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibodies target a subset of epitopes of viral proteins, and the fast evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants confer SARS-CoV-2 immune escape from these therapies. ACE2 is the human cell receptor that serves as the entry point for SARS-CoV-2 into human cells and thus is the gatekeeper for SARS-CoV-2 infection of humans. We report here the development of 4G8C11, an anti-human ACE2 receptor monoclonal antibody that recognizes ACE2 on human cell surfaces. We determined that 4G8C11 blocks SARS-CoV-2 and variant infection of ACE2+ human cells. Furthermore, 4G8C11 has minimal effects on ACE2 receptor activity. 4G8C11 is therefore a monoclonal antibody for ACE2 receptor detection and potentially an effective immunotherapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2 and variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla S Redd
- CheMedImmune Inc., Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
| | - Alyssa D Merting
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Dakota B Poschel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia. Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
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Asaba CN, Ekabe CJ, Ayuk HS, Gwanyama BN, Bitazar R, Bukong TN. Interplay of TLR4 and SARS-CoV-2: Unveiling the Complex Mechanisms of Inflammation and Severity in COVID-19 Infections. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5077-5091. [PMID: 39081874 PMCID: PMC11288317 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s474707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The late 2019 emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, caused profound and unprecedented disruption to the global socio-economic structure, negatively affecting millions of lives worldwide. A typical hallmark of severe COVID-19 is hyper inflammation due to aberrant cytokine release (cytokine storm) by innate immune cells. Recent studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2, through its spike (S) protein, can activate the body's innate immune cells via Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR4. In silico studies have demonstrated that the S protein binds with high affinity to TLR4, triggering downstream signaling processes that result in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Compared to other TLRs, such as TLR2, TLR4 plays a more significant role in initiating and sustaining the inflammatory response associated with severe COVID-19. Furthermore, interactions between the virus and target cells can enhance the cellular expression of TLR4, making cells more susceptible to viral interactions and subsequent inflammation. This increased expression of TLR4 upon viral entry creates a feedback loop, where heightened TLR4 levels lead to amplified inflammatory responses, contributing to the severity of the disease. Additionally, TLR4's potent activation of inflammatory pathways sets it apart from other TLRs, underscoring its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this review, we thoroughly explore the multitude of regulatory signaling pathways that SARS-CoV-2 employs to incite inflammation. We specifically focus on the critical impact of TLR4 activation compared to other TLRs, highlighting how TLR4's interactions with the viral S protein can exacerbate the severity of COVID-19. By delving into the mechanisms of TLR4-mediated inflammation, we aim to shed light on potential therapeutic targets that could mitigate the inflammatory damage caused by severe COVID-19. Understanding the unique role of TLR4 in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection could pave the way for novel treatment strategies that specifically inhibit this receptor's activity, thereby reducing the overall disease burden and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Njinju Asaba
- Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie Research Center, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyril Jabea Ekabe
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Humblenoble Stembridge Ayuk
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | | | - Razieh Bitazar
- Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie Research Center, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Terence Ndonyi Bukong
- Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie Research Center, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
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10
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Yu Q, Zhou X, Kapini R, Arsecularatne A, Song W, Li C, Liu Y, Ren J, Münch G, Liu J, Chang D. Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Insight into Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Benefits of Chinese Herbal Medicines. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:14. [PMID: 39051370 PMCID: PMC11270433 DOI: 10.3390/medicines11070014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cytokine storm (CS) is the main driver of SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The pathological mechanisms of CS are quite complex and involve multiple critical molecular targets that turn self-limited and mild COVID-19 into a severe and life-threatening concern. At present, vaccines are strongly recommended as safe and effective treatments for preventing serious illness or death from COVID-19. However, effective treatment options are still lacking for people who are at the most risk or hospitalized with severe disease. Chinese herbal medicines have been shown to improve the clinical outcomes of mild to severe COVID-19 as an adjunct therapy, particular preventing the development of mild to severe ARDS. This review illustrates in detail the pathogenesis of CS-involved ARDS and its associated key molecular targets, cytokines and signalling pathways. The therapeutic targets were identified particularly in relation to the turning points of the development of COVID-19, from mild symptoms to severe ARDS. Preclinical and clinical studies were reviewed for the effects of Chinese herbal medicines together with conventional therapies in reducing ARDS symptoms and addressing critical therapeutic targets associated with CS. Multiple herbal formulations, herbal extracts and single bioactive phytochemicals with or without conventional therapies demonstrated strong anti-CS effects through multiple mechanisms. However, evidence from larger, well-designed clinical trials is lacking and their detailed mechanisms of action are yet to be well elucidated. More research is warranted to further evaluate the therapeutic value of Chinese herbal medicine for CS in COVID-19-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.Y.); (W.S.); (J.R.)
- Xiyuan Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (X.Z.); (R.K.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (Y.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Rotina Kapini
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (X.Z.); (R.K.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (Y.L.); (G.M.)
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Anthony Arsecularatne
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (X.Z.); (R.K.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (Y.L.); (G.M.)
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Wenting Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.Y.); (W.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Chunguang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (X.Z.); (R.K.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (Y.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Yang Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (X.Z.); (R.K.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (Y.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Junguo Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.Y.); (W.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Gerald Münch
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (X.Z.); (R.K.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (Y.L.); (G.M.)
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.Y.); (W.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (X.Z.); (R.K.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (Y.L.); (G.M.)
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11
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Maham S, Yoon MS. Clinical Spectrum of Long COVID: Effects on Female Reproductive Health. Viruses 2024; 16:1142. [PMID: 39066303 PMCID: PMC11281454 DOI: 10.3390/v16071142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has presented numerous health challenges, including long-term COVID, which affects female reproductive health. This review consolidates the current research on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the menstrual cycle, ovarian function, fertility, and overall gynecological health. This study emphasizes the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors in viral entry and the subsequent tissue-specific pathological effects. It also explores the potential influence of long COVID on hormonal balance and immune responses, contributing to menstrual irregularities and impaired ovarian function. The findings indicate a higher prevalence of long-term COVID-19 among women, highlighting the substantial implications for reproductive health and the need for sex-sensitive longitudinal studies. Enhanced surveillance and targeted research are essential to develop effective interventions that prioritize women's reproductive well-being following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review advocates for a sex-informed approach to ongoing COVID-19 research and healthcare strategies, aiming to provide up-to-date and pertinent data for healthcare providers and the general public, ultimately improving outcomes for females affected by long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Maham
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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12
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Daneshwar D, Lee Y, Nordin A. COVID-19 and Prostatitis: A Review of Current Evidence. Diseases 2024; 12:157. [PMID: 39057128 PMCID: PMC11276594 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a global health threat. The virus enters host cells by binding with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is then facilitated by the protease activity of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). It triggers a cytokine storm that eventually leads to cell apoptosis, tissue damage, and organ failure. Therefore, any organs in the human body that have both receptors are highly susceptible to COVID-19 infection, potentially resulting in multiple-organ failure. The prostate has been reported to express high levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. While there are limited studies regarding the association between COVID-19 and prostatitis, the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 could cause prostatitis cannot be denied. Thus, through this review, a better insight into the associations of SAR-CoV-2 can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datesh Daneshwar
- Urology Clinic, Prince Court Medical Centre, 39, Jalan Kia Peng, Kuala Lumpur 50450, Malaysia
| | - Yemin Lee
- MedCentral Consulting, International Youth Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Abid Nordin
- Graduate School of Medicine, KPJ Healthcare University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
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13
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Turner DL, Amoozadeh S, Baric H, Stanley E, Werder RB. Building a human lung from pluripotent stem cells to model respiratory viral infections. Respir Res 2024; 25:277. [PMID: 39010108 PMCID: PMC11251358 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
To protect against the constant threat of inhaled pathogens, the lung is equipped with cellular defenders. In coordination with resident and recruited immune cells, this defence is initiated by the airway and alveolar epithelium following their infection with respiratory viruses. Further support for viral clearance and infection resolution is provided by adjacent endothelial and stromal cells. However, even with these defence mechanisms, respiratory viral infections are a significant global health concern, causing substantial morbidity, socioeconomic losses, and mortality, underlining the need to develop effective vaccines and antiviral medications. In turn, the identification of new treatment options for respiratory infections is critically dependent on the availability of tractable in vitro experimental models that faithfully recapitulate key aspects of lung physiology. For such models to be informative, it is important these models incorporate human-derived, physiologically relevant versions of all cell types that normally form part of the lungs anti-viral response. This review proposes a guideline using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to create all the disease-relevant cell types. iPSCs can be differentiated into lung epithelium, innate immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts at a large scale, recapitulating in vivo functions and providing genetic tractability. We advocate for building comprehensive iPSC-derived in vitro models of both proximal and distal lung regions to better understand and model respiratory infections, including interactions with chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan L Turner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
| | - Sahel Amoozadeh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
| | - Hannah Baric
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
| | - Ed Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B Werder
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3056, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW Melbourne, Melbourne, 3056, Australia.
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14
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de Antonellis P, Ferrucci V, Miceli M, Bibbo F, Asadzadeh F, Gorini F, Mattivi A, Boccia A, Russo R, Andolfo I, Lasorsa VA, Cantalupo S, Fusco G, Viscardi M, Brandi S, Cerino P, Monaco V, Choi DR, Cheong JH, Iolascon A, Amente S, Monti M, Fava LL, Capasso M, Kim HY, Zollo M. Targeting ATP2B1 impairs PI3K/Akt/FOXO signaling and reduces SARS-COV-2 infection and replication. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2974-3007. [PMID: 38816514 PMCID: PMC11239940 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP2B1 is a known regulator of calcium (Ca2+) cellular export and homeostasis. Diminished levels of intracellular Ca2+ content have been suggested to impair SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here, we demonstrate that a nontoxic caloxin-derivative compound (PI-7) reduces intracellular Ca2+ levels and impairs SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, a rare homozygous intronic variant of ATP2B1 is shown to be associated with the severity of COVID-19. The mechanism of action during SARS-CoV-2 infection involves the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation, inactivation of FOXO3 transcription factor function, and subsequent transcriptional inhibition of the membrane and reticulum Ca2+ pumps ATP2B1 and ATP2A1, respectively. The pharmacological action of compound PI-7 on sustaining both ATP2B1 and ATP2A1 expression reduces the intracellular cytoplasmic Ca2+ pool and thus negatively influences SARS-CoV-2 replication and propagation. As compound PI-7 lacks toxicity in vitro, its prophylactic use as a therapeutic agent against COVID-19 is envisioned here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualino de Antonellis
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Elysium Cell Bio Ita SRL, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Elysium Cell Bio Ita SRL, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Miceli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
| | - Francesca Bibbo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Asadzadeh
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
- European School of Molecular Medicine, SEMM, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Alessia Mattivi
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Cell Division, Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Russo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Maurizio Viscardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Sergio Brandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Vittoria Monaco
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Dong-Rac Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Elysiumbio Inc., #2007, Samsung Cheil B/D, 309, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06151, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Achille Iolascon
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Luca L Fava
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Cell Division, Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Hong-Yeoul Kim
- Elysiumbio Inc., #2007, Samsung Cheil B/D, 309, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06151, Korea
| | - Massimo Zollo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy.
- Elysium Cell Bio Ita SRL, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
- European School of Molecular Medicine, SEMM, Naples, Italy.
- DAI Medicina di Laboratorio e Trasfusionale, 'Federico II' University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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15
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Swart AL, Laventie BJ, Sütterlin R, Junne T, Lauer L, Manfredi P, Jakonia S, Yu X, Karagkiozi E, Okujava R, Jenal U. Pseudomonas aeruginosa breaches respiratory epithelia through goblet cell invasion in a microtissue model. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1725-1737. [PMID: 38858595 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia, causes infections with up to 50% mortality rates in mechanically ventilated patients. Despite some knowledge of virulence factors involved, it remains unclear how P. aeruginosa disseminates on mucosal surfaces and invades the tissue barrier. Using infection of human respiratory epithelium organoids, here we observed that P. aeruginosa colonization of apical surfaces is promoted by cyclic di-GMP-dependent asymmetric division. Infection with mutant strains revealed that Type 6 Secretion System activities promote preferential invasion of goblet cells. Type 3 Secretion System activity by intracellular bacteria induced goblet cell death and expulsion, leading to epithelial rupture which increased bacterial translocation and dissemination to the basolateral epithelium. These findings show that under physiological conditions, P. aeruginosa uses coordinated activity of a specific combination of virulence factors and behaviours to invade goblet cells and breach the epithelial barrier from within, revealing mechanistic insight into lung infection dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tina Junne
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Lauer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Xiao Yu
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (CMI2O), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evdoxia Karagkiozi
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (CMI2O), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rusudan Okujava
- Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (CMI2O), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Jenal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Miranda GASC, Corrêa IA, Amorim ÉA, Caldas LA, Carneiro FÁ, da Costa LJ, Granjeiro JM, Tanuri A, de Souza W, Baptista LS. Cost-effective 3D lung tissue spheroid as a model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and drug screening. Artif Organs 2024; 48:723-733. [PMID: 38385713 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spurred an unparalleled scientific endeavor to elucidate the virus' structure, infection mechanisms, and pathogenesis. Two-dimensional culture systems have been instrumental in shedding light on numerous aspects of COVID-19. However, these in vitro systems lack the physiological complexity to comprehend the infection process and explore treatment options. Three-dimensional (3D) models have been proposed to fill the gap between 2D cultures and in vivo studies. Specifically, spheroids, composed of lung cell types, have been suggested for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection and serving as a drug screening platform. METHODS 3D lung spheroids were prepared by coculturing human alveolar or bronchial epithelial cells with human lung stromal cells. The morphology, size, and ultrastructure of spheroids before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed using optical and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect spike protein and, thus, the virus presence in the spheroids. Multiplex analysis elucidated the cytokine release after virus infection. RESULTS The spheroids were stable and kept their size and morphology after SARS-CoV-2 infection despite the presence of multivesicular bodies, endoplasmic reticulum rearrangement, tubular compartment-enclosed vesicles, and the accumulation of viral particles. The spheroid responded to the infection releasing IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that coculture spheroids of epithelial and stromal cells can serve as a cost-effective infection model for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We suggest using this 3D spheroid as a drug screening platform to explore new treatments related to the cytokines released during virus infection, especially for long COVID treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isadora Alonso Corrêa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Érica Almeida Amorim
- Gcell 3D, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Ayres Caldas
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa (Numpex-bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ávila Carneiro
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa (Numpex-bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Jesus da Costa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia de Células Eucarióticas, Duque de Caxias, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa (Numpex-bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Células Eucarióticas, Duque de Caxias, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Hussain SS, Libby EF, Lever JEP, Tipper JL, Phillips SE, Mazur M, Li Q, Campos-Gómez J, Harrod KS, Rowe SM. ACE-2 Blockade & TMPRSS2 Inhibition Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Severity Following Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Airway Epithelial Cells In Vitro. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.23.600238. [PMID: 38979208 PMCID: PMC11230175 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.23.600238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with COVID-19 prevalence and severity, but the mechanistic basis for how smoking alters SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is unknown. A potential explanation is that smoking alters the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptor and point of entry, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), and its cofactors including transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). We investigated the impact of cigarette smoking on the expression of ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and other known cofactors of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the resultant effects on infection severity in vitro. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure increased ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression compared to air control in ferret airway cells, Calu-3 cells, and primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells derived from normal and COPD donors. CSE-exposed ferret airway cells inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 had a significantly higher intracellular viral load versus vehicle-exposed cells. Likewise, CSE-exposure increased both SARS-CoV-2 intracellular viral load and viral replication in both normal and COPD HBE cells over vehicle control. Apoptosis was increased in CSE-exposed, SARS-CoV-2-infected HBE cells. Knockdown of ACE-2 via an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load and infection in CSE-exposed ferret airway cells that was augmented by co-administration of camostat mesylate to block TMPRSS2 activity. Smoking increases SARS-CoV-2 infection via upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2.
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18
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Chang JJY, Grimley SL, Tran BM, Deliyannis G, Tumpach C, Nguyen AN, Steinig E, Zhang J, Schröder J, Caly L, McAuley J, Wong SL, Waters SA, Stinear TP, Pitt ME, Purcell D, Vincan E, Coin LJ. Uncovering strain- and age-dependent innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in air-liquid-interface cultured nasal epithelia. iScience 2024; 27:110009. [PMID: 38868206 PMCID: PMC11166695 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous assessment of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the host at the cell-type level is crucial for understanding key mechanisms involved in host defense responses to viral infection. We investigated host response to ancestral-strain and Alpha-variant SARS-CoV-2 infections within air-liquid-interface human nasal epithelial cells from younger adults (26-32 Y) and older children (12-14 Y) using single-cell RNA-sequencing. Ciliated and secretory-ciliated cells formed the majority of highly infected cell-types, with the latter derived from ciliated lineages. Strong innate immune responses were observed across lowly infected and uninfected bystander cells and heightened in Alpha-infection. Alpha highly infected cells showed increased expression of protein-refolding genes compared with ancestral-strain-infected cells in children. Furthermore, oxidative phosphorylation-related genes were down-regulated in bystander cells versus infected and mock-control cells, underscoring the importance of these biological functions for viral replication. Overall, this study highlights the complexity of cell-type-, age- and viral strain-dependent host epithelial responses to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie J.-Y. Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Samantha L. Grimley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Bang M. Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Georgia Deliyannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolin Tumpach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - An N.T. Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Eike Steinig
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - JianShu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jan Schröder
- Computational Sciences Initiative (CSI), The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leon Caly
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Julie McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sharon L. Wong
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shafagh A. Waters
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Miranda E. Pitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Damian Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Lachlan J.M. Coin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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19
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Lu Y, He Y, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Qi J, Li X, Ding Y, Huang J, Ding Z, Xu Y, Yang Y, Lindheim SR, Wei Z, Sun Y. Effects of SARS-COV-2 infection during the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle on embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1239-1246. [PMID: 38604654 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during the frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle affect embryo implantation and pregnancy rates? SUMMARY ANSWER There is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection of women during the FET cycle negatively affects embryo implantation and pregnancy rates. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a multi-systemic disease, poses a threat to reproductive health. However, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on embryo implantation and pregnancy following fertility treatments, particularly FET, remain largely unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This retrospective cohort study, included women who underwent FET cycles between 1 November 2022 and 31 December 2022 at an academic fertility centre. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during their FET cycles were included in the COVID-19 group, while those who tested negative during the same study period were included in the non-COVID-19 group. The primary outcome was ongoing pregnancy rate. Secondary outcomes included rates of implantation, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, and ongoing pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to adjust for potential confounders including age, body mass index, gravidity, vaccination status, and endometrial preparation regimen. Subgroup analyses were conducted by time of infection with respect to transfer (prior to transfer, 1-7 days after transfer, or 8-14 days after transfer) and by level of fever (no fever, fever <39°C, or fever ≥39°C). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 243 and 305 women were included in the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 group, respectively. The rates of biochemical pregnancy (58.8% vs 62.0%, P = 0.46), clinical pregnancy (53.1% vs 54.4%, P = 0.76), implantation (46.4% vs 46.2%, P = 0.95), early pregnancy loss (24.5% vs 26.5%, P = 0.68), and ongoing pregnancy (44.4% vs 45.6%, P = 0.79) were all comparable between groups with or without infection. Results of logistic regression models, both before and after adjustment, revealed no associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and rates of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, or ongoing pregnancy. Moreover, neither the time of infection with respect to transfer (prior to transfer, 1-7 days after transfer, or 8-14 days after transfer) nor the level of fever (no fever, fever <39°C, or fever ≥39°C) was found to be related to pregnancy rates. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The retrospective nature of the study is subject to possible selection bias. Additionally, although the sample size was relatively large for the COVID-19 group, the sample sizes for certain subgroups were relatively small and lacked adequate power, so these results should be interpreted with caution. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The study findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection during the FET cycle in females does not affect embryo implantation and pregnancy rates including biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, and ongoing pregnancy, indicating that cycle cancellation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection may not be necessary. Further studies are warranted to verify these findings. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2705500, 2019YFA0802604), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82130046, 82101747), Shanghai leading talent program, Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai (SHSMU-ZLCX20210201, SHSMU-ZLCX20210200, SSMU-ZLCX20180401), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital Clinical Research Innovation Cultivation Fund Program (RJPY-DZX-003), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y11901400), Shanghai Sailing Program (21YF1425000), Shanghai's Top Priority Research Center Construction Project (2023ZZ02002), Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening the Construction of the Public Health System in Shanghai (GWVI-11.1-36), and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support (20161413). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiong He
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinling Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaan Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven R Lindheim
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Zhe Wei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
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20
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Shahdab N, Ward C, Hansbro PM, Cummings S, Young JS, Moheimani F. Distinct Effects of Respiratory Viral Infection Models on miR-149-5p, IL-6 and p63 Expression in BEAS-2B and A549 Epithelial Cells. Cells 2024; 13:919. [PMID: 38891051 PMCID: PMC11172188 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses cause airway inflammation, resulting in epithelial injury and repair. miRNAs, including miR-149-5p, regulate different pathological conditions. We aimed to determine how miR-149-5p functions in regulating pro-inflammatory IL-6 and p63, key regulators of airway epithelial wound repair, in response to viral proteins in bronchial (BEAS-2B) and alveolar (A549) epithelial cells. BEAS-2B or A549 cells were incubated with poly (I:C, 0.5 µg/mL) for 48 h or SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-1 or 2 subunit (S1 or S2, 1 μg/mL) for 24 h. miR-149-5p was suppressed in BEAS-2B challenged with poly (I:C), correlating with IL-6 and p63 upregulation. miR-149-5p was down-regulated in A549 stimulated with poly (I:C); IL-6 expression increased, but p63 protein levels were undetectable. miR-149-5p remained unchanged in cells exposed to S1 or S2, while S1 transfection increased IL-6 expression in BEAS-2B cells. Ectopic over-expression of miR-149-5p in BEAS-2B cells suppressed IL-6 and p63 mRNA levels and inhibited poly (I:C)-induced IL-6 and p63 mRNA expressions. miR-149-5p directly suppressed IL-6 mRNA in BEAS-2B cells. Hence, BEAS-2B cells respond differently to poly (I:C), S1 or S2 compared to A549 cells. Thus, miR-149-5p dysregulation may be involved in poly (I:C)-stimulated but not S1- or S2-stimulated increased IL-6 production and p63 expression in BEAS-2B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafeesa Shahdab
- National Horizons Centre, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK; (N.S.); (S.C.); (J.S.Y.)
| | - Christopher Ward
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia;
| | - Stephen Cummings
- National Horizons Centre, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK; (N.S.); (S.C.); (J.S.Y.)
| | - John S. Young
- National Horizons Centre, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK; (N.S.); (S.C.); (J.S.Y.)
| | - Fatemeh Moheimani
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
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21
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Fu H, Pickering H, Rubbi L, Ross TM, Zhou W, Reed EF, Pellegrini M. The response to influenza vaccination is associated with DNA methylation-driven regulation of T cell innate antiviral pathways. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4324518. [PMID: 38826189 PMCID: PMC11142309 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4324518/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The effect of vaccination on the epigenome remains poorly characterized. In previous research, we identified an association between seroprotection against influenza and DNA methylation at sites associated with the RIG-1 signaling pathway, which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and leads to a type I interferon response. However, these studies did not fully account for confounding factors including age, gender, and BMI, along with changes in cell type composition. Results Here, we studied the influenza vaccine response in a longitudinal cohort vaccinated over two consecutive years (2019-2020 and 2020-2021), using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a targeted DNA methylation approach. To address the effects of multiple factors on the epigenome, we designed a multivariate multiple regression model that included seroprotection levels as quantified by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay test. Conclusions Our findings indicate that 179 methylation sites can be combined as potential signatures to predict seroprotection. These sites were not only enriched for genes involved in the regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway, as found previously, but also enriched for other genes associated with innate immunity to viruses and the transcription factor binding sites of BRD4, which is known to impact T cell memory. We propose a model to suggest that the RIG-I pathway and BRD4 could potentially be modulated to improve immunization strategies.
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22
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Varghese SM, Patel S, Nandan A, Jose A, Ghosh S, Sah RK, Menon B, K V A, Chakravarty S. Unraveling the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Depression: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5. [PMID: 38730081 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent psychological disorder characterized by persistent dysphoria, psychomotor retardation, insomnia, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and a remarkable decrease in overall well-being. Despite the prevalence of accessible antidepressant therapies, many individuals do not achieve substantial improvement. Understanding the multifactorial pathophysiology and the heterogeneous nature of the disorder could lead the way toward better outcomes. Recent findings have elucidated the substantial impact of compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity on the manifestation of depression. BBB functions as an indispensable defense mechanism, tightly overseeing the transport of molecules from the periphery to preserve the integrity of the brain parenchyma. The dysfunction of the BBB has been implicated in a multitude of neurological disorders, and its disruption and consequent brain alterations could potentially serve as important factors in the pathogenesis and progression of depression. In this review, we extensively examine the pathophysiological relevance of the BBB and delve into the specific modifications of its components that underlie the complexities of depression. A particular focus has been placed on examining the effects of peripheral inflammation on the BBB in depression and elucidating the intricate interactions between the gut, BBB, and brain. Furthermore, this review encompasses significant updates on the assessment of BBB integrity and permeability, providing a comprehensive overview of the topic. Finally, we outline the therapeutic relevance and strategies based on BBB in depression, including COVID-19-associated BBB disruption and neuropsychiatric implications. Understanding the comprehensive pathogenic cascade of depression is crucial for shaping the trajectory of future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamili Mariya Varghese
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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23
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Lu RXZ, Zhao Y, Radisic M. The emerging role of heart-on-a-chip systems in delineating mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiac dysfunction. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10581. [PMID: 38818123 PMCID: PMC11135153 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major global health concern since its emergence in 2019, with over 680 million confirmed cases as of April 2023. While COVID-19 has been strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular complications, the specific mechanisms by which viral infection induces myocardial dysfunction remain largely controversial as studies have shown that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 can lead to heart failure both directly, by causing damage to the heart cells, and indirectly, by triggering an inflammatory response throughout the body. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of potential mechanisms that drive heart failure based on in vitro studies. We also discuss the significance of three-dimensional heart-on-a-chip technology in the context of the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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24
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Wang Y, Thaler M, Salgado‐Benvindo C, Ly N, Leijs AA, Ninaber DK, Hansbro PM, Boedijono F, van Hemert MJ, Hiemstra PS, van der Does AM, Faiz A. SARS-CoV-2-infected human airway epithelial cell cultures uniquely lack interferon and immediate early gene responses caused by other coronaviruses. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1503. [PMID: 38623540 PMCID: PMC11017760 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of a class of highly pathogenic coronaviruses. The large family of coronaviruses, however, also includes members that cause only mild symptoms, like human coronavirus-229E (HCoV-229E) or OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Unravelling how molecular (and cellular) pathophysiology differs between highly and low pathogenic coronaviruses is important for the development of therapeutic strategies. Methods Here, we analysed the transcriptome of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC), differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) after infection with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV and HCoV-229E using bulk RNA sequencing. Results ALI-PBEC were efficiently infected by all viruses, and SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E infection resulted in a largely similar transcriptional response. The response to SARS-CoV-2 infection differed markedly as it uniquely lacked the increase in expression of immediate early genes, including FOS, FOSB and NR4A1 that was observed with all other coronaviruses. This finding was further confirmed in publicly available experimental and clinical datasets. Interfering with NR4A1 signalling in Calu-3 lung epithelial cells resulted in a 100-fold reduction in extracellular RNA copies of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, suggesting an involvement in virus replication. Furthermore, a lack in induction of interferon-related gene expression characterised the main difference between the highly pathogenic coronaviruses and low pathogenic viruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a previously unknown suppression of a host response gene set by SARS-CoV-2 and confirm a difference in interferon-related gene expression between highly pathogenic and low pathogenic coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of PulmonologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Melissa Thaler
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Nathan Ly
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Anouk A Leijs
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Dennis K Ninaber
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of PulmonologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for InflammationCentenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of ScienceSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Fia Boedijono
- Centre for InflammationCentenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of ScienceSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Martijn J van Hemert
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of PulmonologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Anne M van der Does
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of PulmonologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Alen Faiz
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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25
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Zhang T, Sang J, Hoang PH, Zhao W, Rosenbaum J, Johnson KE, Klimczak LJ, McElderry J, Klein A, Wirth C, Bergstrom EN, Díaz-Gay M, Vangara R, Colon-Matos F, Hutchinson A, Lawrence SM, Cole N, Zhu B, Przytycka TM, Shi J, Caporaso NE, Homer R, Pesatori AC, Consonni D, Imielinski M, Chanock SJ, Wedge DC, Gordenin DA, Alexandrov LB, Harris RS, Landi MT. APOBEC shapes tumor evolution and age at onset of lung cancer in smokers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587805. [PMID: 38617360 PMCID: PMC11014539 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
APOBEC enzymes are part of the innate immunity and are responsible for restricting viruses and retroelements by deaminating cytosine residues1,2. Most solid tumors harbor different levels of somatic mutations attributed to the off-target activities of APOBEC3A (A3A) and/or APOBEC3B (A3B)3-6. However, how APOBEC3A/B enzymes shape the tumor evolution in the presence of exogenous mutagenic processes is largely unknown. Here, by combining deep whole-genome sequencing with multi-omics profiling of 309 lung cancers from smokers with detailed tobacco smoking information, we identify two subtypes defined by low (LAS) and high (HAS) APOBEC mutagenesis. LAS are enriched for A3B-like mutagenesis and KRAS mutations, whereas HAS for A3A-like mutagenesis and TP53 mutations. Unlike APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B expression is strongly associated with an upregulation of the base excision repair pathway. Hypermutation by unrepaired A3A and tobacco smoking mutagenesis combined with TP53-induced genomic instability can trigger senescence7, apoptosis8, and cell regeneration9, as indicated by high expression of pulmonary healing signaling pathway, stemness markers and distal cell-of-origin in HAS. The expected association of tobacco smoking variables (e.g., time to first cigarette) with genomic/epigenomic changes are not observed in HAS, a plausible consequence of frequent cell senescence or apoptosis. HAS have more neoantigens, slower clonal expansion, and older age at onset compared to LAS, particularly in heavy smokers, consistent with high proportions of newly generated, unmutated cells and frequent immuno-editing. These findings show how heterogeneity in mutational burden across co-occurring mutational processes and cell types contributes to tumor development, with important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Sang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Phuc H. Hoang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Leszek J. Klimczak
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John McElderry
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa Klein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Wirth
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Erik N. Bergstrom
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raviteja Vangara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frank Colon-Matos
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Scott M. Lawrence
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Cole
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Teresa M. Przytycka
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E. Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Homer
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Angela C. Pesatori
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David C. Wedge
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dmitry A. Gordenin
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben S. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Purwono PB, Vacharathit V, Manopwisedjaroen S, Ludowyke N, Suksatu A, Thitithanyanont A. Infection kinetics, syncytia formation, and inflammatory biomarkers as predictive indicators for the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Calu-3 cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301330. [PMID: 38568894 PMCID: PMC10990222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants as a result of continued host-virus interaction and viral genome mutations. These variants have been associated with varying levels of transmissibility and disease severity. We investigated the phenotypic profiles of six SARS-CoV-2 variants (WT, D614G, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron) in Calu-3 cells, a human lung epithelial cell line. In our model demonstrated that all variants, except for Omicron, had higher efficiency in virus entry compared to the wild-type. The Delta variant had the greatest phenotypic advantage in terms of early infection kinetics and marked syncytia formation, which could facilitate cell-to-cell spreading, while the Omicron variant displayed slower replication and fewer syncytia formation. We also identified the Delta variant as the strongest inducer of inflammatory biomarkers, including pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IP-10/CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1RA), and growth factors (FGF-2 and VEGF-A), while these inflammatory mediators were not significantly elevated with Omicron infection. These findings are consistent with the observations that there was a generally more pronounced inflammatory response and angiogenesis activity within the lungs of COVID-19 patients as well as more severe symptoms and higher mortality rate during the Delta wave, as compared to less severe symptoms and lower mortality observed during the current Omicron wave in Thailand. Our findings suggest that early infectivity kinetics, enhanced syncytia formation, and specific inflammatory mediator production may serve as predictive indicators for the virulence potential of future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyo Budi Purwono
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Vimvara Vacharathit
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Natali Ludowyke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ampa Suksatu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arunee Thitithanyanont
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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27
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Lu RXZ, Rafatian N, Zhao Y, Wagner KT, Beroncal EL, Li B, Lee C, Chen J, Churcher E, Vosoughi D, Liu C, Wang Y, Baker A, Trahtemberg U, Li B, Pierro A, Andreazza AC, dos Santos CC, Radisic M. Cardiac tissue model of immune-induced dysfunction reveals the role of free mitochondrial DNA and the therapeutic effects of exosomes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk0164. [PMID: 38536913 PMCID: PMC10971762 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in the development of mature heart-on-a-chip models, human cell-based models of myocardial inflammation are lacking. Here, we bioengineered a vascularized heart-on-a-chip with circulating immune cells to model severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced acute myocarditis. We observed hallmarks of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-induced myocardial inflammation, as the presence of immune cells augmented the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, triggered progressive impairment of contractile function, and altered intracellular calcium transients. An elevation of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) was measured first in the heart-on-a-chip and then validated in COVID-19 patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction, demonstrating that mitochondrial damage is an important pathophysiological hallmark of inflammation-induced cardiac dysfunction. Leveraging this platform in the context of SARS-CoV-2-induced myocardial inflammation, we established that administration of endothelial cell-derived exosomes effectively rescued the contractile deficit, normalized calcium handling, elevated the contraction force, and reduced the ccf-mtDNA and cytokine release via Toll-like receptor-nuclear factor κB signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Karl T. Wagner
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Erika L. Beroncal
- Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Carol Lee
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jingan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Eryn Churcher
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Daniel Vosoughi
- Latner Thoracic Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Andrew Baker
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Uriel Trahtemberg
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Bowen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Ana C. Andreazza
- Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Claudia C. dos Santos
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3D5, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1
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28
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Zhou W, You B, Zheng Y, Si S, Li Y, Zhang J. Expression, purification, and biological activity evaluation of cathepsin L in mammalian cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:405-411. [PMID: 38271604 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CTSL) could cleave and activate SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein to promote viral entry, making it a hopeful therapeutic target for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. So CTSL inhibitors are considered to be a promising strategy to SARS-CoV-2 infection. CTSL has previously been expressed in inclusion body in Escherichia coli. In order to prepare CTSL with high purity and activity in soluble active form, we transformed HEK-293T cells with a recombinant mammalian expression plasmid. CTSL was purified to a purity about 95%, found to migrate at approximately 43 kDa and exhibited substrate specificity against Z-Phe-Arg-AMC with specific activity of no less than 85 081 U/mg, characteristic of active CTSL. Although eukaryotic purified CTSL is commercially available, our study for the first time reported the details of the expression, purification, and characterization of active, recombinant CTSL in eukaryocyte system, which laid an experimental foundation for the establishment of high-throughput screening model for anti-coronavirus drugs targeting CTSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoqing You
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Si
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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29
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Faley SL, Boghdeh NA, Schaffer DK, Spivey EC, Alem F, Narayanan A, Wikswo JP, Brown JA. Gravity-perfused airway-on-a-chip optimized for quantitative BSL-3 studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection: barrier permeability, cytokine production, immunohistochemistry, and viral load assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1794-1807. [PMID: 38362777 PMCID: PMC10929697 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00894k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Human microphysiological systems, such as organs on chips, are an emerging technology for modeling human physiology in a preclinical setting to understand the mechanism of action of drugs, to evaluate the efficacy of treatment options for human disease and impairment, and to assess drug toxicity. By using human cells co-cultured in three-dimensional constructs, organ chips can provide greater fidelity to the human cellular condition than their two-dimensional predecessors. However, with the rise of SARS-CoV-2 and the global COVID-19 pandemic, it became clear that many microphysiological systems were not compatible with or optimized for studies of infectious disease and operation in a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) environment. Given that one of the early sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the airway, we created a human airway organ chip that could operate in a BSL-3 space with high throughput and minimal manipulation, while retaining the necessary physical and physiological components to recapitulate tissue response to infectious agents and the immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Faley
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Niloufar A Boghdeh
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - David K Schaffer
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Eric C Spivey
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Farhang Alem
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
- College of Science, Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Brown
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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30
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Liao Z, Wang C, Tang X, Yang M, Duan Z, Liu L, Lu S, Ma L, Cheng R, Wang G, Liu H, Yang S, Xu J, Tadese DA, Mwangi J, Kamau PM, Zhang Z, Yang L, Liao G, Zhao X, Peng X, Lai R. Human transferrin receptor can mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317026121. [PMID: 38408250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been detected in almost all organs of coronavirus disease-19 patients, although some organs do not express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), a known receptor of SARS-CoV-2, implying the presence of alternative receptors and/or co-receptors. Here, we show that the ubiquitously distributed human transferrin receptor (TfR), which binds to diferric transferrin to traffic between membrane and endosome for the iron delivery cycle, can ACE2-independently mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Human, not mouse TfR, interacts with Spike protein with a high affinity (KD ~2.95 nM) to mediate SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. TfR knock-down (TfR-deficiency is lethal) and overexpression inhibit and promote SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. Humanized TfR expression enables SARS-CoV-2 infection in baby hamster kidney cells and C57 mice, which are known to be insusceptible to the virus infection. Soluble TfR, Tf, designed peptides blocking TfR-Spike interaction and anti-TfR antibody show significant anti-COVID-19 effects in cell and monkey models. Collectively, this report indicates that TfR is a receptor/co-receptor of SARS-CoV-2 mediating SARS-CoV-2 entry and infectivity by likely using the TfR trafficking pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liao
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoming Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaopeng Tang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengli Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zilei Duan
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ruomei Cheng
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongqi Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Dawit Adisu Tadese
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - James Mwangi
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peter Muiruri Kamau
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lian Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Guoyang Liao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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31
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Kumar S, Granados J, Aceves M, Peralta J, Leandro AC, Thomas J, Williams-Blangero S, Curran JE, Blangero J. Pre-Infection Innate Immunity Attenuates SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Viral Load in iPSC-Derived Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cells. Cells 2024; 13:369. [PMID: 38474333 PMCID: PMC10931100 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A large portion of the heterogeneity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity of illness (SOI) remains poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated damage to alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2s) in the distal lung may directly contribute to disease severity and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Our in vitro modeling of SARS-CoV-2 infection in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived AT2s from 10 different individuals showed interindividual variability in infection susceptibility and the postinfection cellular viral load. To understand the underlying mechanism of the AT2's capacity to regulate SARS-CoV-2 infection and cellular viral load, a genome-wide differential gene expression analysis between the mock and SARS-CoV-2 infection-challenged AT2s was performed. The 1393 genes, which were significantly (one-way ANOVA FDR-corrected p ≤ 0.05; FC abs ≥ 2.0) differentially expressed (DE), suggest significant upregulation of viral infection-related cellular innate immune response pathways (p-value ≤ 0.05; activation z-score ≥ 3.5), and significant downregulation of the cholesterol- and xenobiotic-related metabolic pathways (p-value ≤ 0.05; activation z-score ≤ -3.5). Whilst the effect of post-SARS-CoV-2 infection response on the infection susceptibility and postinfection viral load in AT2s is not clear, interestingly, pre-infection (mock-challenged) expression of 238 DE genes showed a high correlation with the postinfection SARS-CoV-2 viral load (FDR-corrected p-value ≤ 0.05 and r2-absolute ≥ 0.57). The 85 genes whose expression was negatively correlated with the viral load showed significant enrichment in viral recognition and cytokine-mediated innate immune GO biological processes (p-value range: 4.65 × 10-10 to 2.24 × 10-6). The 153 genes whose expression was positively correlated with the viral load showed significant enrichment in cholesterol homeostasis, extracellular matrix, and MAPK/ERK pathway-related GO biological processes (p-value range: 5.06 × 10-5 to 6.53 × 10-4). Overall, our results strongly suggest that AT2s' pre-infection innate immunity and metabolic state affect their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (J.G.); (M.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Jose Granados
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (J.G.); (M.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Miriam Aceves
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (J.G.); (M.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Juan Peralta
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; (J.P.); (A.C.L.); (S.W.-B.); (J.E.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Ana C. Leandro
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; (J.P.); (A.C.L.); (S.W.-B.); (J.E.C.); (J.B.)
| | - John Thomas
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (J.G.); (M.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Sarah Williams-Blangero
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; (J.P.); (A.C.L.); (S.W.-B.); (J.E.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; (J.P.); (A.C.L.); (S.W.-B.); (J.E.C.); (J.B.)
| | - John Blangero
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; (J.P.); (A.C.L.); (S.W.-B.); (J.E.C.); (J.B.)
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Carossino M, Izadmehr S, Trujillo JD, Gaudreault NN, Dittmar W, Morozov I, Balasuriya UBR, Cordon-Cardo C, García-Sastre A, Richt JA. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 distribution in the respiratory tract of different animal species and its correlation with SARS-CoV-2 tissue tropism. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0327023. [PMID: 38230954 PMCID: PMC10846196 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03270-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A wide range of animal species show variable susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2; however, host factors associated with varied susceptibility remain to be defined. Here, we examined whether susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and virus tropism in different animal species are dependent on the expression and distribution of the virus receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the host cell factor transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). We cataloged the upper and lower respiratory tract of multiple animal species and humans in a tissue-specific manner and quantitatively evaluated the distribution and abundance of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA in situ. Our results show that: (i) ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA are abundant in the conduction portion of the respiratory tract, (ii) ACE2 mRNA occurs at a lower abundance compared to TMPRSS2 mRNA, (iii) co-expression of ACE2-TMPRSS2 mRNAs is highest in those species with the highest susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection (i.e., cats, Syrian hamsters, and white-tailed deer), and (iv) expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA was not altered following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results demonstrate that while specific regions of the respiratory tract are enriched in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNAs in different animal species, this is only a partial determinant of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.IMPORTANCESARS-CoV-2 infects a wide array of domestic and wild animals, raising concerns regarding its evolutionary dynamics in animals and potential for spillback transmission of emerging variants to humans. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals has significant public health relevance. Host factors determining animal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 are vastly unknown, and their characterization is critical to further understand susceptibility and viral dynamics in animal populations and anticipate potential spillback transmission. Here, we quantitatively assessed the distribution and abundance of the two most important host factors, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane serine protease 2, in the respiratory tract of various animal species and humans. Our results demonstrate that while specific regions of the respiratory tract are enriched in these two host factors, they are only partial determinants of susceptibility. Detailed analysis of additional host factors is critical for our understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing viral susceptibility and reservoir hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessie D. Trujillo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Natasha N. Gaudreault
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Wellesley Dittmar
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Igor Morozov
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Rosas-Murrieta NH, Rodríguez-Enríquez A, Herrera-Camacho I, Millán-Pérez-Peña L, Santos-López G, Rivera-Benítez JF. Comparative Review of the State of the Art in Research on the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and SARS-CoV-2, Scope of Knowledge between Coronaviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:238. [PMID: 38400014 PMCID: PMC10892376 DOI: 10.3390/v16020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents comparative information corresponding to the progress in knowledge of some aspects of infection by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronaviruses. PEDV is an alphacoronavirus of great economic importance due to the million-dollar losses it generates in the pig industry. PEDV has many similarities to the SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19 disease. This review presents possible scenarios for SARS-CoV-2 based on the collected literature on PEDV and the tools or strategies currently developed for SARS-CoV-2 that would be useful in PEDV research. The speed of the study of SARS-CoV-2 and the generation of strategies to control the pandemic was possible due to the knowledge derived from infections caused by other human coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS). Therefore, from the information obtained from several coronaviruses, the current and future behavior of SARS-CoV-2 could be inferred and, with the large amount of information on the virus that causes COVID-19, the study of PEDV could be improved and probably that of new emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora H. Rosas-Murrieta
- Centro de Química, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.R.-E.); (I.H.-C.); (L.M.-P.-P.)
| | - Alan Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Centro de Química, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.R.-E.); (I.H.-C.); (L.M.-P.-P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Centro de Química, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.R.-E.); (I.H.-C.); (L.M.-P.-P.)
| | - Lourdes Millán-Pérez-Peña
- Centro de Química, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.R.-E.); (I.H.-C.); (L.M.-P.-P.)
| | - Gerardo Santos-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Metepec 74360, Mexico;
| | - José F. Rivera-Benítez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Ciudad de México 38110, Mexico;
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Hao Y, Stuart T, Kowalski MH, Choudhary S, Hoffman P, Hartman A, Srivastava A, Molla G, Madad S, Fernandez-Granda C, Satija R. Dictionary learning for integrative, multimodal and scalable single-cell analysis. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:293-304. [PMID: 37231261 PMCID: PMC10928517 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 316.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mapping single-cell sequencing profiles to comprehensive reference datasets provides a powerful alternative to unsupervised analysis. However, most reference datasets are constructed from single-cell RNA-sequencing data and cannot be used to annotate datasets that do not measure gene expression. Here we introduce 'bridge integration', a method to integrate single-cell datasets across modalities using a multiomic dataset as a molecular bridge. Each cell in the multiomic dataset constitutes an element in a 'dictionary', which is used to reconstruct unimodal datasets and transform them into a shared space. Our procedure accurately integrates transcriptomic data with independent single-cell measurements of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation and protein levels. Moreover, we demonstrate how dictionary learning can be combined with sketching techniques to improve computational scalability and harmonize 8.6 million human immune cell profiles from sequencing and mass cytometry experiments. Our approach, implemented in version 5 of our Seurat toolkit ( http://www.satijalab.org/seurat ), broadens the utility of single-cell reference datasets and facilitates comparisons across diverse molecular modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Hao
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim Stuart
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madeline H Kowalski
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for System Genetics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saket Choudhary
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Hoffman
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Austin Hartman
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avi Srivastava
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shaista Madad
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Granda
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rahul Satija
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
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35
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Negrut N, Menegas G, Kampioti S, Bourelou M, Kopanyi F, Hassan FD, Asowed A, Taleouine FZ, Ferician A, Marian P. The Multisystem Impact of Long COVID: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:244. [PMID: 38337760 PMCID: PMC10855167 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: COVID-19 was responsible for the latest pandemic, shaking and reshaping healthcare systems worldwide. Its late clinical manifestations make it linger in medical memory as a debilitating illness over extended periods. (2) Methods: the recent literature was systematically analyzed to categorize and examine the symptomatology and pathophysiology of Long COVID across various bodily systems, including pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric, dermatological, renal, hematological, and endocrinological aspects. (3) Results: The review outlines the diverse clinical manifestations of Long COVID across multiple systems, emphasizing its complexity and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Factors such as pre-existing conditions, initial COVID-19 severity, vaccination status, gender, and age were identified as influential in the manifestation and persistence of Long COVID symptoms. This condition is highlighted as a debilitating disease capable of enduring over an extended period and presenting new symptoms over time. (4) Conclusions: Long COVID emerges as a condition with intricate multi-systemic involvement, complicating its diagnosis and treatment. The findings underscore the necessity for a nuanced understanding of its diverse manifestations to effectively manage and address the evolving nature of this condition over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Negrut
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Georgios Menegas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Achillopouleio General Hospital of Volos, Polymeri 134, 38222 Volos, Greece;
| | - Sofia Kampioti
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania (M.B.); (F.D.H.)
| | - Maria Bourelou
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania (M.B.); (F.D.H.)
| | - Francesca Kopanyi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania (M.B.); (F.D.H.)
| | - Faiso Dahir Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania (M.B.); (F.D.H.)
| | - Anamaria Asowed
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania (M.B.); (F.D.H.)
| | - Fatima Zohra Taleouine
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2PG, UK;
| | - Anca Ferician
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.)
| | - Paula Marian
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.)
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Elnagdy MH, Magdy A, Eldars W, Elgamal M, El-Nagdy AH, Salem O, Elmowafy MM, Elborsh OA, Elshafey AW, Kesba MM, Abdulgalil AE, Sobh A. Genetic association of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 polymorphisms with COVID-19 severity; a single centre study from Egypt. Virol J 2024; 21:27. [PMID: 38263160 PMCID: PMC10807154 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the emergence of the COVID-19 infection in China, it has caused considerable morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. It causes the vast majority of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild or even no symptoms to severe respiratory failure. There are many risk factors for severe COVID-19, such as old age, male gender, and associated comorbidities. A major role for genetic factors may exist. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cell primarily through ACE2 receptors. rs2285666 is one of many polymorphisms found in the ACE2 receptor gene. To enable endosome-independent entry into target cells, the transmembrane protease serine-type 2 (TMPRSS2) is necessary to cleave the virus' spike (S) glycoprotein. TMPRSS2 is characterized by an androgen receptor element. The rs12329760 polymorphism in TMPRSS2 may explain different genetic susceptibilities to COVID-19. METHOD This cross-sectional study was held in Mansoura University Hospitals during the period from June 2020 to April 2022 on patients who had mild and severe COVID-19. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and the TaqMan real-time polymerase chain was used for allelic discrimination in the genotyping of rs2285666 and rs12329760. RESULTS This study included 317 Egyptian patients, aged from 0.2 to 87 years. Males were 146, while females were 171. They were divided into mild and severe groups (91 and 226 patients, respectively) based on their clinical symptoms. There was a significant association between COVID-19 severity and male gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and high CRP. The genotype and allele frequency distributions of the ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism showed no significant association with the severity of COVID-19 in both. In contrast, in TMPRSS2 rs12329760 minor T allele and CT, TT genotypes were significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of developing severe COVID-19. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that the ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism is not related to the severity of COVID-19, whether genotypes or alleles. In TMPRSS2 rs12329760, the dominant model and T allele showed significantly lower frequencies in severe cases, with a protective effect against severity. The discrepancies with previous results may be due to variations in other ACE2 receptor-related genes, inflammatory mediators, and coagulation indicators. Haplotype blocks and differences in racial makeup must be taken into consideration. Future research should be done to clarify how ethnicity affects these polymorphisms and how other comorbidities combine to have an additive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H Elnagdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Alshimaa Magdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Waleed Eldars
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elgamal
- Department of Chest Medicine, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hazem El-Nagdy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University, Damietta El Gadeeda, Egypt
| | - Omnia Salem
- Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, 60 El Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Omar Ahmed Elborsh
- Intern, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed Elsaeed Abdulgalil
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ali Sobh
- Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, 60 El Gomhouria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Fu H, Pickering H, Rubbi L, Ross TM, Reed EF, Pellegrini M. Longitudinal analysis of influenza vaccination implicates regulation of RIG-I signaling by DNA methylation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1455. [PMID: 38228690 PMCID: PMC10791625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection alters the promoter DNA methylation of key immune response-related genes, including type-1 interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. However, less is known about the effect of the influenza vaccine on the epigenome. We utilized a targeted DNA methylation approach to study the longitudinal effects (day 0 pre-vaccination and day 28 post-vaccination) on influenza vaccination responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that baseline, pre-vaccination methylation profiles are associated with pre-existing, protective serological immunity. Additionally, we identified 481 sites that were differentially methylated between baseline and day 28 post-vaccination. These were enriched for genes involved in the regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway, an important regulator of viral responses. Our results suggest that DNA methylation changes to components of the RIG-I pathway are associated with vaccine effectiveness. Therefore, immunization strategies that target this pathway may improve serological responses to influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Fu
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harry Pickering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liudmilla Rubbi
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Richmond BW, Marshall CB, Blackburn JB, Tufenkjian TS, Lehmann BD, Han W, Newcomb D, Gutor SS, Hunt RP, Michell DL, Vickers KC, Polosukhin VV, Blackwell TS, Pietenpol JA. Loss of p73 Expression Contributes to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:153-163. [PMID: 37931077 PMCID: PMC10806417 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202303-0503oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Multiciliated cell (MCC) loss and/or dysfunction is common in the small airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but it is unclear if this contributes to COPD lung pathology. Objectives: To determine if loss of p73 causes a COPD-like phenotype in mice and explore whether smoking or COPD impact p73 expression. Methods: p73floxE7-E9 mice were crossed with Shh-Cre mice to generate mice lacking MCCs in the airway epithelium. The resulting p73Δairway mice were analyzed using electron microscopy, flow cytometry, morphometry, forced oscillation technique, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Furthermore, the effects of cigarette smoke on p73 transcript and protein expression were examined using in vitro and in vivo models and in studies including airway epithelium from smokers and patients with COPD. Measurements and Main Results: Loss of functional p73 in the respiratory epithelium resulted in a near-complete absence of MCCs in p73Δairway mice. In adulthood, these mice spontaneously developed neutrophilic inflammation and emphysema-like lung remodeling and had progressive loss of secretory cells. Exposure of normal airway epithelium cells to cigarette smoke rapidly and durably suppressed p73 expression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, tumor protein 73 mRNA expression was reduced in the airways of current smokers (n = 82) compared with former smokers (n = 69), and p73-expressing MCCs were reduced in the small airways of patients with COPD (n = 11) compared with control subjects without COPD (n = 12). Conclusions: Loss of functional p73 in murine airway epithelium results in the absence of MCCs and promotes COPD-like lung pathology. In smokers and patients with COPD, loss of p73 may contribute to MCC loss or dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W. Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Clayton B. Marshall
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
- Department of Biochemistry, and
| | - Jessica B. Blackburn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Tiffany S. Tufenkjian
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Brian D. Lehmann
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Dawn Newcomb
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sergey S. Gutor
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Raphael P. Hunt
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vasiliy V. Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Jennifer A. Pietenpol
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
- Department of Biochemistry, and
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39
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Chatterjee S, Zaia J. Proteomics-based mass spectrometry profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection from human nasopharyngeal samples. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:193-229. [PMID: 36177493 PMCID: PMC9538640 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the on-going global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that continues to pose a significant threat to public health worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 encodes four structural proteins namely membrane, nucleocapsid, spike, and envelope proteins that play essential roles in viral entry, fusion, and attachment to the host cell. Extensively glycosylated spike protein efficiently binds to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 initiating viral entry and pathogenesis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab is the preferred method of sample collection and viral detection because it is a rapid, specific, and high-throughput technique. Alternate strategies such as proteomics and glycoproteomics-based mass spectrometry enable a more detailed and holistic view of the viral proteins and host-pathogen interactions and help in detection of potential disease markers. In this review, we highlight the use of mass spectrometry methods to profile the SARS-CoV-2 proteome from clinical nasopharyngeal swab samples. We also highlight the necessity for a comprehensive glycoproteomics mapping of SARS-CoV-2 from biological complex matrices to identify potential COVID-19 markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass SpectrometryBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass SpectrometryBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Bioinformatics ProgramBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Omidifar N, Pazoki N, Shokripour M, Fattahi MR, Safarpour AR, Fallahzadeh Abarghooee E, Nikmanesh N, Shamsdin SA, Akrami H, Saghi SA, Nikmanesh Y. The Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Quality of Associated Care in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Middle East J Dig Dis 2024; 16:12-22. [PMID: 39050096 PMCID: PMC11264831 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2024.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus is a new virus that has affected human life on a large scale; it has infected millions of people and killed hundreds of thousands of people. In contrast, among cancers, stomach neoplasia is the most common cancer of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract. COVID-19 disease has disrupted the optimal management of patients with cancer. Metastasis, deterioration of the patient's nutritional status, UGI bleeding, and increased surgical complications are all consequences of delayed treatment of patients with gastric cancer. However, there is still insufficient evidence on the immunogenicity of the vaccine and the protection provided by coronavirus vaccines in patients with cancer, especially those with immunodeficiency or those who are treated for certain types of cancers. Also, as part of the prevention and control of COVID-19 disease, nutritional support for patients with gastrointestinal cancer is particularly important, and the psychological and physiological limitations caused by the disease duration are hurting the well-being of patients. Therefore, the assessment of the impact of the coronavirus on cancer should be treated as an important issue, and healthcare professionals should be prepared to deal with the long-term effects of the coronavirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Pazoki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Shokripour
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Nika Nikmanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Azra Shamsdin
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Akrami
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Amirreza Saghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Yousef Nikmanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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41
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Fujishima H, Yazu H, Shimizu E, Okada N, Fukagawa K. Eye Washing Downregulated Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Conjunctival Tissue Samples from Smokers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17526. [PMID: 38139354 PMCID: PMC10743887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to (1) determine whether the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 is increased in tobacco smokers, which potentially increases their susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and (2) assess whether eye rinsing can reduce susceptibility. This prospective study included 20 eyes of 10 smokers and 18 eyes of nine healthy non-smokers (control) for reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. This study also included 28 eyes of 14 smokers and 16 eyes of eight healthy non-smokers (control) for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tear and impression cytology samples were collected from the right eye of each patient. The left eye was then rinsed for 30 s, and after 5 min, the tear and impression cytology samples were collected in the same manner. The expression of the ACE2 gene was significantly higher in the conjunctiva of smokers (n = 17; median 3.07 copies/ng of total RNA) than in those of non-smokers (n = 17; median 1.92 copies/ng of total RNA, p = 0.003). Further, mRNA expression and protein levels of ACE2 were weakly correlated in smokers (r = 0.49). ACE2 protein levels in Schirmer's strip samples were significantly reduced from 5051 to 3202 pg/mL after eye washing (n = 10; p = 0.001). Ocular surface cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Smoking may be a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and eye rinsing may reduce the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujishima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (H.Y.); (N.O.)
- Keio Allergy Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (E.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Hiroyuki Yazu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (H.Y.); (N.O.)
- Keio Allergy Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (E.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Eisuke Shimizu
- Keio Allergy Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (E.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Naoko Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (H.Y.); (N.O.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical Hospital, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kazumi Fukagawa
- Keio Allergy Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (E.S.); (K.F.)
- Ryogoku Eye Clinic, Tokyo 130-0026, Japan
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Castaldo M, Ebbesen BD, Fernández-DE-Las-Peñas C, Arendt-Nielsen L, Giordano R. COVID-19 and musculoskeletal pain: an overview of the current knowledge. Minerva Anestesiol 2023; 89:1134-1142. [PMID: 38019176 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.23.17471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has provoked billions of infections worldwide. Several meta-analyses have observed that up to 50% of individuals who had survived to a SARS-CoV-2 acute infection suffer from post-COVID symptoms lasting for weeks or months and up to one year after infection. The prevalence of post-COVID pain ranges between 10% to 20% when assessed with other overall post-COVID symptoms and can reach up to 50% to 60% when investigated specifically. The most common musculoskeletal manifestations of post-COVID-19 condition include fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia or back pain. Despite pain of musculoskeletal origin is one of the most prevalent post-COVID pain symptoms, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of musculoskeletal post-COVID pain are not completely understood. Studies have reported the complexity of post-COVID pain including immune, biological, and psychological factors, and more recently, they have suggested that genetic and epigenetic factors may also play a potential role, highlighting the need for further investigation into these mechanisms. Its management is still controversial, as no specific guideline for treating musculoskeletal post-COVID pain has been proposed with only general consideration about the relevance of multidisciplinary and multimodal treatment approaches. In this paper we will highlight the clinical features, the mechanism, and the management possibilities of musculoskeletal post-COVID pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Castaldo
- School of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark -
| | - Brian D Ebbesen
- School of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - César Fernández-DE-Las-Peñas
- School of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- School of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rocco Giordano
- School of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Saunders N, Fernandez I, Planchais C, Michel V, Rajah MM, Baquero Salazar E, Postal J, Porrot F, Guivel-Benhassine F, Blanc C, Chauveau-Le Friec G, Martin A, Grzelak L, Oktavia RM, Meola A, Ahouzi O, Hoover-Watson H, Prot M, Delaune D, Cornelissen M, Deijs M, Meriaux V, Mouquet H, Simon-Lorière E, van der Hoek L, Lafaye P, Rey F, Buchrieser J, Schwartz O. TMPRSS2 is a functional receptor for human coronavirus HKU1. Nature 2023; 624:207-214. [PMID: 37879362 PMCID: PMC11331971 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Four endemic seasonal human coronaviruses causing common colds circulate worldwide: HKU1, 229E, NL63 and OC43 (ref. 1). After binding to cellular receptors, coronavirus spike proteins are primed for fusion by transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) or endosomal cathepsins2-9. NL63 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a receptor10, whereas 229E uses human aminopeptidase-N11. HKU1 and OC43 spikes bind cells through 9-O-acetylated sialic acid, but their protein receptors remain unknown12. Here we show that TMPRSS2 is a functional receptor for HKU1. TMPRSS2 triggers HKU1 spike-mediated cell-cell fusion and pseudovirus infection. Catalytically inactive TMPRSS2 mutants do not cleave HKU1 spike but allow pseudovirus infection. Furthermore, TMPRSS2 binds with high affinity to the HKU1 receptor binding domain (Kd 334 and 137 nM for HKU1A and HKU1B genotypes) but not to SARS-CoV-2. Conserved amino acids in the HKU1 receptor binding domain are essential for binding to TMPRSS2 and pseudovirus infection. Newly designed anti-TMPRSS2 nanobodies potently inhibit HKU1 spike attachment to TMPRSS2, fusion and pseudovirus infection. The nanobodies also reduce infection of primary human bronchial cells by an authentic HKU1 virus. Our findings illustrate the various evolution strategies of coronaviruses, which use TMPRSS2 to either directly bind to target cells or prime their spike for membrane fusion and entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nell Saunders
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Fernandez
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Michel
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Maaran Michael Rajah
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Eduard Baquero Salazar
- Nanoimaging core, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Postal
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Francoise Porrot
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Blanc
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Chauveau-Le Friec
- Antibody Engineering Platform, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Augustin Martin
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Rischa Maya Oktavia
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Meola
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Ahouzi
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Hunter Hoover-Watson
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Deborah Delaune
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Marion Cornelissen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Deijs
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Véronique Meriaux
- Antibody Engineering Platform, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for viruses of respiratory infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Lafaye
- Antibody Engineering Platform, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Felix Rey
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Julian Buchrieser
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France.
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Sunarwidhi AL, Rahmaniar W, Prasedya ES, Padmi H, Widyastuti S, Pangestu KWJ, Ilhami BTK, Handayani E, Utami NWP, Maulana FA, Ichfa MSM, Hernawan A. In Vitro Anti-Oxidant, In Vivo Anti-Hyperglycemic, and Untargeted Metabolomics-Aided-In Silico Screening of Macroalgae Lipophilic Extracts for Anti-Diabetes Mellitus and Anti-COVID-19 Potential Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:1177. [PMID: 38132859 PMCID: PMC10745437 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients with comorbid DM face more severe outcomes, indicating that hyperglycemic conditions exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Negative side effects from existing hyperglycemia treatments have urged the need for safer compounds. Therefore, sourcing potential compounds from marine resources becomes a new potential approach. Algal lipids are known to possess beneficial activities for human health. However, due to limitations in analyzing large amounts of potential anti-hyperglycemic and anti-COVID-19-related marine metabolites, there is an increasing need for new approaches to reduce risks and costs. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify potential compounds in macroalgae Sargassum cristaefolium, Tricleocarpa cylindrica, and Ulva lactuca lipophilic extracts for treating DM and COVID-19 by an integrated approach utilizing in vitro anti-oxidant, in vivo anti-hyperglycemic, and metabolomic-integrated in silico approaches. Among them, S. cristaefolium and T. cylindrica showed potential anti-hyperglycemic activity, with S. cristaefolium showing the highest anti-oxidant activity. A GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis was used to profile the lipophilic compounds in the extracts followed by an in silico molecular docking analysis to examine the binding affinity of the compounds to anti-DM and anti-COVID-19 targets, e.g., α-amylase, α-glucosidase, ACE2, and TMPRSS2. Notably, this study reveals for the first time that steroid-derived compounds in the macroalgae T. cylindrica had higher binding activity than known ligands for all the targets mentioned. Studies on drug likeliness indicate that these compounds possess favorable drug properties. These findings suggest the potential for these compounds to be further developed to treat COVID-19 patients with comorbid DM. The information in this study would be a basis for further in vitro and in vivo analysis. It would also be useful for the development of these candidate compounds into drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggit Listyacahyani Sunarwidhi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Rahmaniar
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | - Hasriaton Padmi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | - Sri Widyastuti
- Faculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | | | - Bq Tri Khairina Ilhami
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | - Ervina Handayani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | - Ni Wayan Putri Utami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | - Farreh Alan Maulana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | | | - Ari Hernawan
- Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
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Zhou X, Jin W, Jiang D, Xu Y, Wang S, Wu X, Chang Y, Su H, Zhu T, Xu X, Mao G. Fucoidan sulfate from Sargassum fusiforme regulates the SARS-CoV-2 receptor AXL expression in human embryonic lung diploid fibroblast cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:1047-1052. [PMID: 37961806 PMCID: PMC10646397 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
新冠病毒感染疫情严重威胁着世界各国人民的生命健康。目前,对病毒感染的防治研究主要集中在抑制病毒与分子受体的结合上。AXL作为新发现的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)受体,在协助病毒感染人体呼吸系统中发挥着重要作用,是未来临床干预的潜在靶点。本研究对已发表的单细胞测序数据进行整理和分析,发现AXL 在年轻人肺细胞中的表达水平明显高于老年人。人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞(2BS)是衰老研究的公认细胞株。本文采用2BS细胞构建复制性细胞衰老模型,发现年轻细胞中AXL的蛋白水平明显高于衰老细胞,据此推测年轻人感染的风险可能更高,需要注意防护。我们发现一种羊栖菜褐藻多糖硫酸酯组分(SFW-3)可显著下调年轻2BS细胞中AXL的表达水平,表明SFW-3具有一定的抗SARS-CoV-2感染的研究价值,同时表明2BS细胞株也可作为潜在的SARS-CoV-2体外感染模型。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiang Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Di Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yipeng Xu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, the Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Sanying Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xinna Wu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunchuang Chang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Huili Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Tianjun Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, China.
| | - Genxiang Mao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China. ,
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46
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Treeza M M, Augustine S, Mathew AA, Kanthlal S, Panonummal R. Targeting Viral ORF3a Protein: A New Approach to Mitigate COVID-19 Induced Immune Cell Apoptosis and Associated Respiratory Complications. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:678-687. [PMID: 38022818 PMCID: PMC10676557 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is a growing concern to the global well-being of the public at present. Different amino acid mutations alter the biological and epidemiological characteristics, as well as immune resistance of SARS-CoV-2. The virus-induced pulmonary impairment and inflammatory cytokine storm are directly related to its clinical manifestations. But, the fundamental mechanisms of inflammatory responses are found to be the reason for the death of immune cells which render the host immune system failure. Apoptosis of immune cells is one of the most common forms of programmed cell death induced by the virus for its survival and virulence property. ORF3a, a SARS-CoV-2 accessory viral protein, induces apoptosis in host cells and suppress the defense mechanism. This suggests, inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a protein is a good therapeutic strategy for the treatment in COVID-19 infection by promoting the host immune defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Treeza M
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, India
| | - Sanu Augustine
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, India
| | | | - S.K. Kanthlal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, India
| | - Rajitha Panonummal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, India
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Ren B, Chiaravalloti TR, Belony NL, Romero DI, Chai W, Leon C, Wu L, Lamango NS, Offringa IA, Huang Y. Design and Realization of Lung Organoid Cultures for COVID-19 Applications. Biodes Manuf 2023; 6:646-660. [PMID: 38993804 PMCID: PMC11238720 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-023-00255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading globally and threatening public health. Advanced in vitro models that recapitulate the architecture and functioning of specific tissues and organs are in high demand for COVID-19-related pathology studies and drug screening. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cultures such as self-assembled and engineered organoid cultures surpass conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures and animal models with respect to the increased cellular complexity, better human-relevant environment, and reduced cost, thus presenting as promising platforms for understanding viral pathogenesis and developing new therapeutics. This review highlights the recent advances in self-assembled and engineered organoid technologies that are used for COVID-19 studies. The challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Nadine L Belony
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Diana I Romero
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Wenxuan Chai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Christopher Leon
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Lizi Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Nazarius S Lamango
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307
| | - Ite A Offringa
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Zhang L, Nishi H, Kinoshita K. Single-cell RNA-seq public data reveal the gene regulatory network landscape of respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells in COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194614. [PMID: 37936693 PMCID: PMC10627007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. However, its comprehensive influence on pathological immune responses in the respiratory epithelium and peripheral immune cells is not yet fully understood. Methods In this study, we analyzed multiple public scRNA-seq datasets of nasopharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood to investigate the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate and severe disease, respectively. Cell-cell communication networks among cell types were also inferred. Finally, validations were conducted using bulk RNA-seq and proteome data. Results Similar and dissimilar regulons were identified within or between epithelial and immune cells during COVID-19 severity progression. The relative transcription factors (TFs) and their targets were used to construct GRNs among different infection sites and conditions. Between respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells, different TFs tended to be used to regulate the activity of a cell between healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients, although they had some TFs in common. For example, XBP1, FOS, STAT1, and STAT2 were activated in both the epithelial and immune cells of virus-infected individuals. In contrast, severe COVID-19 cases exhibited activation of CEBPD in peripheral immune cells, while CEBPB was exclusively activated in respiratory epithelial cells. Moreover, in patients with severe COVID-19, although some inflammatory genes, such as S100A8/A9, were found to be upregulated in both respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells, their relative regulators can differ in terms of cell types. The cell-cell communication analysis suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor signaling among epithelia contributes to mild/moderate disease, and chemokine signaling among immune cells contributes to severe disease. Conclusion This study identified cell type- and condition-specific regulons in a wide range of cell types from the initial infection site to the peripheral blood, and clarified the diverse mechanisms of maladaptive responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hafumi Nishi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of In Silico Analyses, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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49
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Xue Y, Xiong Y, Cheng X, Li K. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1233986. [PMID: 37867530 PMCID: PMC10588479 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1233986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization has been uncertain. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of past SARS-CoV-2 infection on IVF outcomes. A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from December 2019 to January 2023. Included studies comparing IVF outcomes between patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls without previous infection were analyzed. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias, and heterogeneity were also examined. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023392007). A total of eight studies, involving 317 patients with past SARS-CoV-2 infection and 904 controls, met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences between the infection group and controls in terms of clinical pregnancy rate (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.73-1.29; P = 0.82), implantation rate (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.67-1.46; P = 0.96), or miscarriage rate (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.15-2.65; P = 0.53). Subgroup analyses based on transfer type demonstrated comparable clinical pregnancy rates between the two groups in both fresh embryo transfer (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.69-1.36; P = 0.86) and frozen embryo transfer (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.38-2.44; P = 0.94). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that previous SARS-CoV-2 infection does not have a detrimental impact on clinical outcomes in IVF patients. These findings provide valuable insights into assessing the influence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on successful pregnancy outcomes in IVF treatment. The systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. This review was prospectively registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID CRD42023392007) on January 16, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Xue
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuping Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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50
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Cui Q, Jeyachandran AV, Garcia G, Qin C, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Wang C, Sun G, Liu W, Zhou T, Feng L, Palmer C, Li Z, Aziz A, Gomperts BN, Feng P, Arumugaswami V, Shi Y. The Apolipoprotein E neutralizing antibody inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking cellular entry of lipoviral particles. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e400. [PMID: 37822714 PMCID: PMC10563865 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although vaccines have helped to prevent uncontrolled viral spreading, our understanding of the fundamental biology of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains insufficient, which hinders effective therapeutic development. Here, we found that Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipid binding protein, is hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 for infection. Preincubation of SARS-CoV-2 with a neutralizing antibody specific to ApoE led to inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ApoE neutralizing antibody efficiently blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection of human iPSC-derived astrocytes and air-liquid interface organoid models in addition to human ACE2-expressing HEK293T cells and Calu-3 lung cells. ApoE mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry through binding to its cellular receptors such as the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LDLR knockout or ApoE mutations at the receptor binding domain or an ApoE mimetic peptide reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we detected strong membrane LDLR expression on SARS-CoV-2 Spike-positive cells in human lung tissues, whereas no or low ACE2 expression was detected. This study provides a new paradigm for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry through binding of ApoE on the lipoviral particles to host cell receptor(s). Moreover, this study suggests that ApoE neutralizing antibodies are promising antiviral therapies for COVID-19 by blocking entry of both parental virus and variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cui
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chao Qin
- Section of Infection and ImmunityHerman Ostrow School of DentistryNorris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Section of Infection and ImmunityHerman Ostrow School of DentistryNorris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mingzi Zhang
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Guihua Sun
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lizhao Feng
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chance Palmer
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhuo Li
- Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy CoreBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adam Aziz
- Mattel Children's Hospital UCLADepartment of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLAUCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- UCLAMolecular Biology InstituteLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- UCLAJonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- UCLAEli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineUCLADavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brigitte N. Gomperts
- Mattel Children's Hospital UCLADepartment of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLAUCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- UCLAMolecular Biology InstituteLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- UCLAJonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- UCLAEli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineUCLADavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and ImmunityHerman Ostrow School of DentistryNorris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- UCLAEli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
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