1
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Ahmad Z, Kahloan W, Rosen ED. Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0. [PMID: 38769435 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of nine transcription factors in mammals. IRFs exert broad effects on almost all aspects of immunity but are best known for their role in the antiviral response. Over the past two decades, IRFs have been implicated in metabolic physiology and pathophysiology, partly as a result of their known functions in immune cells, but also because of direct actions in adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes and neurons. This Review focuses predominantly on IRF3 and IRF4, which have been the subject of the most intense investigation in this area. IRF3 is located in the cytosol and undergoes activation and nuclear translocation in response to various signals, including stimulation of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and the cGAS-STING pathways. IRF3 promotes weight gain, primarily by inhibiting adipose thermogenesis, and also induces inflammation and insulin resistance using both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. IRF4, meanwhile, is generally pro-thermogenic and anti-inflammatory and has profound effects on lipogenesis and lipolysis. Finally, new data are emerging on the role of other IRF family members in metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, data indicate that IRFs serve as critical yet underappreciated integrators of metabolic and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunair Ahmad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Wahab Kahloan
- AdventHealth Orlando Family Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Cheung SWM, Yiu JHC, Chin KTC, Cai J, Xu A, Wong CM, Woo CW. Content of stress granules reveals a sex difference at the early phase of cold exposure in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E29-E37. [PMID: 37991452 PMCID: PMC11193528 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00317.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is a vital physiological process for small endotherms. Female animals usually are more sensitive to cold temperature due to anatomical differences. Whether there is a sex difference at a molecular level is unclear. Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic organelles in which untranslated mRNAs reside during cellular stress. We hypothesize that the prompt response of SGs to cold stress can reveal the molecular difference between sexes. By analyzing the content in SGs of brown adipose tissue (BAT) at the early phase of cold stress for both sexes, we found more diverse mRNAs docked in the SGs in male mice and these mRNAs representing an extensive cellular reprogramming including apoptosis process and cold-induced thermogenesis. In female mice, the mRNAs in SGs dominantly were comprised of genes regulating ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis. Conversely, the proteome in SGs was commonly characterized as structure molecules and RNA processing for both sexes. A spectrum of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) was detected in the SGs of both female and male BAT, while those remained unchanged upon cold stress in male mice, various eIF3 and eIF4G isoforms were found reduced in female mice. Taken together, the unique features in SGs of male BAT reflected a prompt uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) induction which was absent in female, and female, by contrast, were prepared for long-term transcriptional and translational adaptations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The proteome analysis reveals that stress granules are the predominant form of cytosolic messenger ribonucleoproteins of brown adipose tissue (BAT) at the early phase of cold exposure in mice for both sexes. The transcriptome of stress granules of BAT unveils a sex difference of molecular response in early phase of cold exposure in mice, and such difference prepares for a prompt response to cold stress in male mice while for long-term adaptation in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson W M Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jensen H C Yiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Karie T C Chin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieling Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Ming Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Connie W Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Micon Analytics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Langston PK, Sun Y, Ryback BA, Mueller AL, Spiegelman BM, Benoist C, Mathis D. Regulatory T cells shield muscle mitochondria from interferon-γ-mediated damage to promote the beneficial effects of exercise. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadi5377. [PMID: 37922340 PMCID: PMC10860652 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise enhances physical performance and reduces the risk of many disorders such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and cancer. Exercise characteristically incites an inflammatory response, notably in skeletal muscles. Although some effector mechanisms have been identified, regulatory elements activated in response to exercise remain obscure. Here, we have addressed the roles of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the healthful activities of exercise via immunologic, transcriptomic, histologic, metabolic, and biochemical analyses of acute and chronic exercise models in mice. Exercise rapidly induced expansion of the muscle Treg compartment, thereby guarding against overexuberant production of interferon-γ and consequent metabolic disruptions, particularly mitochondrial aberrancies. The performance-enhancing effects of exercise training were dampened in the absence of Tregs. Thus, exercise is a natural Treg booster with therapeutic potential in disease and aging contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Kent Langston
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Yizhi Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Birgitta A. Ryback
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Amber L. Mueller
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M. Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | | | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
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4
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Cui X, Liu H, Shi T, Zhao Q, Li F, Lv W, Yu C, Huang H, Tang QQ, Pan D. IFI27 Integrates Succinate and Fatty Acid Oxidation to Promote Adipocyte Thermogenic Adaption. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301855. [PMID: 37544897 PMCID: PMC10558685 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the pivot organelles to control metabolism and energy homeostasis. The capacity of mitochondrial metabolic adaptions to cold stress is essential for adipocyte thermogenesis. How brown adipocytes keep mitochondrial fitness upon a challenge of cold-induced oxidative stress has not been well characterized. This manuscript shows that IFI27 plays an important role in cristae morphogenesis, keeping intact succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) function and active fatty acid oxidation to sustain thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. IFI27 protein interaction map identifies SDHB and HADHA as its binding partners. IFI27 physically links SDHB to chaperone TNF receptor associated protein 1 (TRAP1), which shields SDHB from oxidative damage-triggered degradation. Moreover, IFI27 increases hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha (HADHA) catalytic activity in β-oxidation pathway. The reduced SDH level and fatty acid oxidation in Ifi27-knockout brown fat results in impaired oxygen consumption and defective thermogenesis. Thus, IFI27 is a novel regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongning Pan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Varga KZ, Gyurina K, Radványi Á, Pál T, Sasi-Szabó L, Yu H, Felszeghy E, Szabó T, Röszer T. Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Triggers Adipocyte Autophagy. Cells 2023; 12:2345. [PMID: 37830559 PMCID: PMC10572001 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune signaling in adipocytes affects systemic metabolism. Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing has been recently shown to stimulate thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and protect from obesity; however, DNA efflux from adipocyte mitochondria is a potential proinflammatory signal that causes adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. Cytosolic DNA activates the stimulator of interferon response genes (STING), a key signal transducer which triggers type I interferon (IFN-I) expression; hence, STING activation is expected to induce IFN-I response and adipocyte dysfunction. However, we show herein that mouse adipocytes had a diminished IFN-I response to STING stimulation by 2'3'-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP). We also show that cGAMP triggered autophagy in murine and human adipocytes. In turn, STING inhibition reduced autophagosome number, compromised the mitochondrial network and caused inflammation and fat accumulation in adipocytes. STING hence stimulates a process that removes damaged mitochondria, thereby protecting adipocytes from an excessive IFN-I response to mitochondrial DNA efflux. In summary, STING appears to limit inflammation in adipocytes by promoting mitophagy under non-obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornél Z. Varga
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gyurina
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Radványi
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pál
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Sasi-Szabó
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Haidong Yu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Enikő Felszeghy
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Pediatric Obesity Research Division, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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6
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Hiraike Y, Saito K, Oguchi M, Wada T, Toda G, Tsutsumi S, Bando K, Sagawa J, Nagano G, Ohno H, Kubota N, Kubota T, Aburatani H, Kadowaki T, Waki H, Yanagimoto S, Yamauchi T. NFIA in adipocytes reciprocally regulates mitochondrial and inflammatory gene program to improve glucose homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308750120. [PMID: 37487068 PMCID: PMC10401007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308750120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is central to regulation of energy homeostasis. Adaptive thermogenesis, which relies on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos), dissipates energy to counteract obesity. On the other hand, chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is linked to type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we show that nuclear factor I-A (NFIA), a transcriptional regulator of brown and beige adipocytes, improves glucose homeostasis by upregulation of Ox-Phos and reciprocal downregulation of inflammation. Mice with transgenic expression of NFIA in adipocytes exhibited improved glucose tolerance and limited weight gain. NFIA up-regulates Ox-Phos and brown-fat-specific genes by enhancer activation that involves facilitated genomic binding of PPARγ. In contrast, NFIA in adipocytes, but not in macrophages, down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine genes to ameliorate adipose tissue inflammation. NFIA binds to regulatory region of the Ccl2 gene, which encodes proinflammatory cytokine MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), to down-regulate its transcription. CCL2 expression was negatively correlated with NFIA expression in human adipose tissue. These results reveal the beneficial effect of NFIA on glucose and body weight homeostasis and also highlight previously unappreciated role of NFIA in suppressing adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hiraike
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
- The University of Tokyo Excellent Young Researcher Program, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8654, Japan
| | - Kaede Saito
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Misato Oguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
| | - Takahito Wada
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
| | - Gotaro Toda
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
| | - Kana Bando
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Junji Sagawa
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima734-8551, Japan
| | - Gaku Nagano
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima734-8551, Japan
| | - Haruya Ohno
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima734-8551, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo103-0002, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo162-8636, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
| | | | - Hironori Waki
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita010-8543, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanagimoto
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
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7
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Zheng Y, Yang N, Pang Y, Gong Y, Yang H, Ding W, Yang H. Mitochondria-associated regulation in adipose tissues and potential reagents for obesity intervention. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1132342. [PMID: 37396170 PMCID: PMC10313115 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1132342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A systematic review analysis was used to assess the profile of mitochondrial involvement in adipose tissue regulation and potential reagents to intervene in obesity through the mitochondrial pathway. Methods Three databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched online for literature associated with mitochondria, obesity, white adipose tissue, and brown adipose tissue published from the time of their creation until June 22, 2022, and each paper was screened. Results 568 papers were identified, of which 134 papers met the initial selection criteria, 76 were selected after full-text review, and 6 were identified after additional searches. A full-text review of the included 82 papers was performed. Conclusion Mitochondria play a key role in adipose tissue metabolism and energy homeostasis, including as potential therapeutic agents for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueshan Pang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanju Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongya Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Han Y, Fu Y, Shi Q, Liu H, Sun H, Niu C, Fu L. The ALDH2, IGSF9, and PRDM16 Proteins as Predictive Biomarkers for Prognosis in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:e140-e150. [PMID: 36639264 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ALDH2, IGSF9, and PRDM16 play crucial roles in regulating diverse cellular pathophysiologic functions. The current study was to evaluate the effect of the 3 proteins on clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were collected from breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 216 patients enrolled, ALDH2 high expression was significantly correlated with the age (p = .040), larger tumor size (p = .001), LVI (p < .001), LNM (p < .001), advanced TNM staging (p < .001), PR (p = .027), HER2 status (p = .002), and molecular subtype (p = .003). IGSF9 low expression was significantly correlated with the LV1 (p = .024), LNM (p = .024), advanced TNM staging (p = .001). The low expression of PRDM16 was significantly correlated with age (p = .023), and LNM (p = .014). The A+I-P- expression (13.4%) were markedly correlated with lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) (p < .001), lymph node metastasis (LNM) (p < .001), advanced TNM staging (p < .001). Furthermore, patients with A+I-P- expression had significantly advanced-stage breast cancer [stage III (72.4%) vs. (23.0%)]. Univariate and multivariate analysis identified variables (ie, larger tumor size, lymph node involvement, and A+I-P- expression) as independent prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSION Our results reveal ALDH2 high expression, IGSF9 and PRDM16 low expression, A+I-P- expression was associated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics, and shorter OS and DFS in breast cancer patients. The 3 proteins may be potential prognosis markers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Han
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Ministry of Education, Breast Cancer Innovation Team of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiru Fu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Ministry of Education, Breast Cancer Innovation Team of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Ministry of Education, Breast Cancer Innovation Team of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Tianjin, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hanjiao Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Ministry of Education, Breast Cancer Innovation Team of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Ministry of Education, Breast Cancer Innovation Team of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Ministry of Education, Breast Cancer Innovation Team of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Ministry of Education, Breast Cancer Innovation Team of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Tianjin, China.
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9
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Dumesic PA, Wilensky SE, Bose S, Van Vranken JG, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM. RBM43 links adipose inflammation and energy expenditure through translational regulation of PGC1α. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.06.522985. [PMID: 36712038 PMCID: PMC9881917 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose thermogenesis involves specialized mitochondrial function that counteracts metabolic disease through dissipation of chemical energy as heat. However, inflammation present in obese adipose tissue can impair oxidative metabolism. Here, we show that PGC1α, a key governor of mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis, is negatively regulated at the level of mRNA translation by the little-known RNA-binding protein RBM43. Rbm43 is expressed selectively in white adipose depots that have low thermogenic potential, and is induced by inflammatory cytokines. RBM43 suppresses mitochondrial and thermogenic gene expression in a PGC1α-dependent manner and its loss protects cells from cytokine-induced mitochondrial impairment. In mice, adipocyte-selective Rbm43 disruption increases PGC1α translation, resulting in mitochondrial biogenesis and adipose thermogenesis. These changes are accompanied by improvements in glucose homeostasis during diet-induced obesity that are independent of body weight. The action of RBM43 suggests a translational mechanism by which inflammatory signals associated with metabolic disease dampen mitochondrial function and thermogenesis.
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Alfarano G, Audano M, Di Chiaro P, Balestrieri C, Milan M, Polletti S, Spaggiari P, Zerbi A, Diaferia GR, Mitro N, Natoli G. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) controls the metabolic programmes of low-grade pancreatic cancer cells. Gut 2023; 72:109-128. [PMID: 35568393 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) include heterogeneous mixtures of low-grade cells forming pseudoglandular structures and compact nests of high-grade cells organised in non-glandular patterns. We previously reported that low-grade PDAC cells display high expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), a pivotal transcription factor of the interferon (IFN) system, suggesting grade-specific, cell-intrinsic activation of IFN responses. Here, we set out to determine the molecular bases and the functional impact of the activation of IFN-regulated responses in human PDACs. DESIGN We first confirmed the correlation between glandular differentiation and molecular subtypes of PDAC on the one hand, and the expression of IRF1 and IFN-stimulated genes on the other. We next used unbiased omics approaches to systematically analyse basal and IFN-regulated responses in low-grade and high-grade PDAC cells, as well as the impact of IRF1 on gene expression programmes and metabolic profiles of PDAC cells. RESULTS High-level expression of IRF1 in low-grade PDAC cells was controlled by endodermal lineage-determining transcription factors. IRF1-regulated gene expression equipped low-grade PDAC cells with distinctive properties related to antigen presentation and processing as well as responsiveness to IFN stimulation. Notably, IRF1 also controlled the characteristic metabolic profile of low-grade PDAC cells, suppressing both mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid synthesis, which may in part explain its growth-inhibiting activity. CONCLUSION IRF1 links endodermal differentiation to the expression of genes controlling antigen presentation and processing as well as to the specification of the metabolic profile characteristic of classical PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Alfarano
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Audano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Di Chiaro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Milan
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Polletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milano), Italy
| | | | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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11
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Placental mesenchymal stem cells restore glucose and energy homeostasis in obesogenic adipocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:127-144. [PMID: 36227376 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity (Ob) depicts a state of energy imbalance(s) being characterized by the accumulation of excessive fat and which predisposes to several metabolic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising option for addressing obesity and its associated metabolic co-morbidities. The present study aims at assessing the beneficial effects of human placental MSCs (P-MSCs) in mitigating Ob-associated insulin resistance (IR) and mitochondrial dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro. Under obesogenic milieu, adipocytes showed a significant reduction in glucose uptake, and impaired insulin signaling with decreased expression of UCP1 and PGC1α, suggestive of dysregulated non-shivering thermogenesis vis-a-vis mitochondrial biogenesis respectively. Furthermore, obesogenic adipocytes demonstrated impaired mitochondrial respiration and energy homeostasis evidenced by reduced oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and blunted ATP/NAD+/NADP+ production respectively. Interestingly, co-culturing adipocytes with P-MSCs activated PI3K-Akt signaling, improved glucose uptake, diminished ROS production, enhanced mitochondrial OCR, improved ATP/NAD+/NADP+ production, and promoted beiging of adipocytes evidenced by upregulated expression of PRDM16, UCP1, and PGC1α expression. In vivo, P-MSCs administration increased the peripheral blood glucose uptake and clearance, and improved insulin sensitivity and lipid profile with a coordinated increase in the ratio of ATP/ADP and NAD+ and NADP+ in the white adipose tissue (WAT), exemplified in WNIN/GR-Ob obese mutant rats. In line with in vitro findings, there was a significant reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy, increased mitochondrial staining, and thermogenesis. Our findings advocate for a therapeutic application of P-MSCs for improving glucose and energy homeostasis, i.e., probably restoring non-shivering thermogenesis towards obesity management.
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12
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Hoang AC, Sasi-Szabó L, Pál T, Szabó T, Diedrich V, Herwig A, Landgraf K, Körner A, Röszer T. Mitochondrial RNA stimulates beige adipocyte development in young mice. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1684-1696. [PMID: 36443525 PMCID: PMC9771821 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious public health crisis and a critical factor that determines future obesity prevalence. Signals affecting adipocyte development in early postnatal life have a strong potential to trigger childhood obesity; however, these signals are still poorly understood. We show here that mitochondrial (mt)RNA efflux stimulates transcription of nuclear-encoded genes for mitobiogenesis and thermogenesis in adipocytes of young mice and human infants. While cytosolic mtRNA is a potential trigger of the interferon (IFN) response, young adipocytes lack such a response to cytosolic mtRNA due to the suppression of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)7 expression by vitamin D receptor signalling. Adult and obese adipocytes, however, strongly express IRF7 and mount an IFN response to cytosolic mtRNA. In turn, suppressing IRF7 expression in adult adipocytes restores mtRNA-induced mitobiogenesis and thermogenesis and eventually mitigates obesity. Retrograde mitochondrion-to-nucleus signalling by mtRNA is thus a mechanism to evoke thermogenic potential during early adipocyte development and to protect against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - László Sasi-Szabó
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pál
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Annika Herwig
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Institute of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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13
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Polyphenol-rich jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) peel and seed powder induces browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and improves metabolic status in high-fat-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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14
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Wang Q, Li H, Tajima K, Verkerke ARP, Taxin ZH, Hou Z, Cole JB, Li F, Wong J, Abe I, Pradhan RN, Yamamuro T, Yoneshiro T, Hirschhorn JN, Kajimura S. Post-translational control of beige fat biogenesis by PRDM16 stabilization. Nature 2022; 609:151-158. [PMID: 35978186 PMCID: PMC9433319 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence shows that brown and beige adipose tissue are protective against metabolic diseases1,2. PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16) is a dominant activator of the biogenesis of beige adipocytes by forming a complex with transcriptional and epigenetic factors and is therefore an attractive target for improving metabolic health3-8. However, a lack of knowledge surrounding the regulation of PRDM16 protein expression hampered us from selectively targeting this transcriptional pathway. Here we identify CUL2-APPBP2 as the ubiquitin E3 ligase that determines PRDM16 protein stability by catalysing its polyubiquitination. Inhibition of CUL2-APPBP2 sufficiently extended the half-life of PRDM16 protein and promoted beige adipocyte biogenesis. By contrast, elevated CUL2-APPBP2 expression was found in aged adipose tissues and repressed adipocyte thermogenesis by degrading PRDM16 protein. Importantly, extended PRDM16 protein stability by adipocyte-specific deletion of CUL2-APPBP2 counteracted diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in mice. These results offer a cell-autonomous route to selectively activate the PRDM16 pathway in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huixia Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization, Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anthony R P Verkerke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary H Taxin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhishuai Hou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne B Cole
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jake Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ichitaro Abe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tadashi Yamamuro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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15
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Mottis A, Li TY, El Alam G, Rapin A, Katsyuba E, Liaskos D, D'Amico D, Harris NL, Grier MC, Mouchiroud L, Nelson ML, Auwerx J. Tetracycline-induced mitohormesis mediates disease tolerance against influenza. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:151540. [PMID: 35787521 PMCID: PMC9433105 DOI: 10.1172/jci151540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitohormesis defines the increase in fitness mediated by adaptive responses to mild mitochondrial stress. Tetracyclines inhibit not only bacterial but also mitochondrial translation, thus imposing a low level of mitochondrial stress on eukaryotic cells. We demonstrate in cell and germ-free mouse models that tetracyclines induce a mild adaptive mitochondrial stress response (MSR), involving both the ATF4-mediated integrative stress response and type I interferon (IFN) signaling. To overcome the interferences of tetracyclines with the host microbiome, we identify tetracycline derivatives that have minimal antimicrobial activity, yet retain full capacity to induce the MSR, such as the lead compound, 9-tert-butyl doxycycline (9-TB). The MSR induced by doxycycline (Dox) and 9-TB improves survival and disease tolerance against lethal influenza virus (IFV) infection when given preventively. 9-TB, unlike Dox, did not affect the gut microbiome and also showed encouraging results against IFV when given in a therapeutic setting. Tolerance to IFV infection is associated with the induction of genes involved in lung epithelial cell and cilia function, and with downregulation of inflammatory and immune gene sets in lungs, liver, and kidneys. Mitohormesis induced by non-antimicrobial tetracyclines and the ensuing IFN response may dampen excessive inflammation and tissue damage during viral infections, opening innovative therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Terytty Y Li
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaby El Alam
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Rapin
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Liaskos
- EPFL Innovation Park, Nagi Bioscience SA, Ecublens, Switzerland
| | - Davide D'Amico
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark C Grier
- Echelon Biosciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, United States of America
| | | | - Mark L Nelson
- Echelon Biosciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, United States of America
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Mishra BK, Madhu SV, Aslam M, Agarwal V, Banerjee BD. Adipose tissue expression of UCP1 and PRDM16 genes and their association with postprandial triglyceride metabolism and glucose intolerance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 182:109115. [PMID: 34718051 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS UCP1 and PRDM16 genes, primarily involved in browning of adipose tissue that can affect lipid metabolism are also associated with diabetes risk. Therefore, we planned to study the adipose tissue expression of UCP1 and PRDM 16 genes in subjects with glucose intolerance to find out its association with postprandial triglyceride (PPTg) measures and T2DM. METHODS A total of 30 subjects were recruited in three groups i.e., NGT, prediabetes and T2DM (NDDM + known T2DM) who were matched for age, sex and BMI. An 8-hour standardized fat challenge test was performed to study lipemic responses. UCP1 and PRDM16 genes quantification in adipose tissue was performed by real-time PCR followed by SDS PAGE. RESULTS UCP1 gene expression in SAT was significantly lower in T2DM and prediabetes as compared to NGT group while PRDM16 gene expression was significantly lower in T2DM group as compared to NGT group. UCP1 gene expression correlated with PPTg measures as well as with glycaemic measures while PRDM16 gene expression correlated with glycaemic measures only. CONCLUSION This study found downregulation of PRDM16 and UCP1 gene expression in SAT in subjects with glucose intolerance. The association of UCP1 gene expression with PPTg dysmetabolism may contribute to greater predisposition to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Mishra
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, India
| | - S V Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, India.
| | - M Aslam
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, India
| | - V Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, India
| | - B D Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, India
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17
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Gao W, Liu JL, Lu X, Yang Q. Epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:480-499. [PMID: 34289049 PMCID: PMC8530523 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. Although modern adoption of a sedentary lifestyle coupled with energy-dense nutrition is considered to be the main cause of obesity epidemic, genetic preposition contributes significantly to the imbalanced energy metabolism in obesity. However, the variants of genetic loci identified from large-scale genetic studies do not appear to fully explain the rapid increase in obesity epidemic in the last four to five decades. Recent advancements of next-generation sequencing technologies and studies of tissue-specific effects of epigenetic factors in metabolic organs have significantly advanced our understanding of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity. The epigenome, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-mediated processes, is characterized as mitotically or meiotically heritable changes in gene function without alteration of DNA sequence. Importantly, epigenetic modifications are reversible. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the landscape of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets for obesity treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation, and RNA-mediated processes in regulating energy metabolism. We also discuss the effects of lifestyle modifications and therapeutic agents on epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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18
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Bai J, Liu F. cGAS‒STING signaling and function in metabolism and kidney diseases. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:728-738. [PMID: 34665236 PMCID: PMC8718186 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP‒AMP synthase (cGAS)‒stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway senses the presence of cytosolic DNA and, in turn, triggers downstream signaling to induce the expression of inflammatory and type I interferon genes in immune cells. Whereas the innate immune function of the cGAS‒STING pathway is well studied over the past years, emerging evidence suggests that this signaling pathway may have additional functions beyond innate immune surveillance. Consistent with this notion, dysregulation of the cGAS‒STING signaling pathway in adipocytes, hepatocytes, and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells are associated with metabolic dysfunction, impaired energy homeostasis, and kidney diseases. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the cGAS‒STING pathway in several metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, as well as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. We also review the interaction between the cGAS‒STING pathway and lipid metabolism. Lastly, we discuss potential mechanisms by which cGAS‒STING signaling regulates metabolism and point toward future avenues of research targeting the cGAS‒STING pathway as possible means to treat common metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Bai
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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19
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Hoang AC, Yu H, Röszer T. Transcriptional Landscaping Identifies a Beige Adipocyte Depot in the Newborn Mouse. Cells 2021; 10:2368. [PMID: 34572017 PMCID: PMC8470180 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to identify gene networks that are hallmarks of the developing inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue (iWAT) and the interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the mouse. RNA profiling revealed that the iWAT of postnatal (P) day 6 mice expressed thermogenic and lipid catabolism transcripts, along with the abundance of transcripts associated with the beige adipogenesis program. This was an unexpected finding, as thermogenic BAT was believed to be the only site of nonshivering thermogenesis in the young mouse. However, the transcriptional landscape of BAT in P6 mice suggests that it is still undergoing differentiation and maturation, and that the iWAT temporally adopts thermogenic and lipolytic potential. Moreover, P6 iWAT and adult (P56) BAT were similar in their expression of immune gene networks, but P6 iWAT was unique in the abundant expression of antimicrobial proteins and virus entry factors, including a possible receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In summary, postnatal iWAT development is associated with a metabolic shift from thermogenesis and lipolysis towards fat storage. However, transcripts of beige-inducing signal pathways including β-adrenergic receptors and interleukin-4 signaling were underrepresented in young iWAT, suggesting that the signals for thermogenic fat differentiation may be different in early postnatal life and in adulthood.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Ontology
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Biological
- Muscle Development/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription, Genetic
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamás Röszer
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.C.H.); (H.Y.)
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20
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Peng WQ, Xiao G, Li BY, Guo YY, Guo L, Tang QQ. l-Theanine Activates the Browning of White Adipose Tissue Through the AMPK/α-Ketoglutarate/Prdm16 Axis and Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Diabetes 2021; 70:1458-1472. [PMID: 33863801 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
l-Theanine is a nonprotein amino acid with much beneficial efficacy. We found that intraperitoneal treatment of the mice with l-theanine (100 mg/kg/day) enhanced adaptive thermogenesis and induced the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) with elevated expression of Prdm16, Ucp1, and other thermogenic genes. Meanwhile, administration of the mice with l-theanine increased energy expenditure. In vitro studies indicated that l-theanine induced the development of brown-like features in adipocytes. The shRNA-mediated depletion of Prdm16 blunted the role of l-theanine in promoting the brown-like phenotypes in adipocytes and in the iWAT of mice. l-theanine treatment enhanced AMPKα phosphorylation both in adipocytes and iWAT. Knockdown of AMPKα abolished l-theanine-induced upregulation of Prdm16 and adipocyte browning. l-Theanine increased the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) level in adipocytes, which may increase the transcription of Prdm16 by inducing active DNA demethylation on its promoter. AMPK activation was required for l-theanine-induced increase of α-KG and DNA demethylation on the Prdm16 promoter. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration with l-theanine ameliorated obesity, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and reduced plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids in the high-fat diet-fed mice. Our results suggest a potential role of l-theanine in combating diet-induced obesity in mice, which may involve l-theanine-induced browning of WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qiu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zhang Y, Li J, Wang HH, Li J, Yu Y, Li B, Huang L, Wu C, Liu X. Phytohemagglutinin ameliorates HFD-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure. J Mol Endocrinol 2021; 67:1-14. [PMID: 33983894 PMCID: PMC8240727 DOI: 10.1530/jme-20-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite all modern advances in medicine, there are few reports of effective and safe drugs to treat obesity. Our objective was to screen anti-obesity natural compounds, and to verify whether they can reduce the body weight gain and investigate their molecular mechanisms. By using drug-screening methods, Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was found to be the most anti-obesity candidate natural compound. Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneally injected with 0.25 mg/kg PHA everyday for 8 weeks. The body weight, glucose homeostasis, oxygen consumption and physical activity were assessed. We also measured the heat intensity, body temperature and the gene expression of key regulators of energy expenditure. Prevention study results showed PHA treatment not only reduced the body weight gain but also maintained glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed mice. Further study indicated energy expenditure and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) in HFD-fed mice were significantly improved by PHA. In the therapeutic study, a similar effect was observed. PHA inhibited lipid droplet formation and upregulated mitochondrial-related gene expression during adipogenesis in vitro. UCP-1 KO mice displayed no differences in body weight, glucose homeostasis and core body temperature between PHA and control groups. Our results suggest that PHA prevent and treat obesity by increasing energy expenditure through upregulation of BAT thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Hui-hui Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Changjing Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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22
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Olson GS, Murray TA, Jahn AN, Mai D, Diercks AH, Gold ES, Aderem A. Type I interferon decreases macrophage energy metabolism during mycobacterial infection. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109195. [PMID: 34077724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming powers and polarizes macrophage functions, but the nature and regulation of this response during infection with pathogens remain controversial. In this study, we characterize the metabolic and transcriptional responses of murine macrophages to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in order to disentangle the underlying mechanisms. We find that type I interferon (IFN) signaling correlates with the decreased glycolysis and mitochondrial damage that is induced by live, but not killed, Mtb. Macrophages lacking the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) maintain glycolytic flux and mitochondrial function during Mtb infection in vitro and in vivo. IFNβ itself restrains the glycolytic shift of inflammatory macrophages and initiates mitochondrial stress. We confirm that type I IFN acts upstream of mitochondrial damage using macrophages lacking the protein STING. We suggest that a type I IFN-mitochondrial feedback loop controls macrophage responses to mycobacteria and that this could contribute to pathogenesis across a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Olson
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tara A Murray
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ana N Jahn
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dat Mai
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alan H Diercks
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Gold
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Cardiology, Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Alan Aderem
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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23
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Brandão BB, Poojari A, Rabiee A. Thermogenic Fat: Development, Physiological Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5906. [PMID: 34072788 PMCID: PMC8198523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerning worldwide increase of obesity and chronic metabolic diseases, such as T2D, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, motivates further investigations into preventive and alternative therapeutic approaches. Over the past decade, there has been growing evidence that the formation and activation of thermogenic adipocytes (brown and beige) may serve as therapy to treat obesity and its associated diseases owing to its capacity to increase energy expenditure and to modulate circulating lipids and glucose levels. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of brown and beige adipocytes formation and activation will facilitate the development of strategies to combat metabolic disorders. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of pathways and players involved in the development of brown and beige fat, as well as the role of thermogenic adipocytes in energy homeostasis and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the alterations in brown and beige adipose tissue function during obesity and explore the therapeutic potential of thermogenic activation to treat metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B. Brandão
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Ankita Poojari
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
| | - Atefeh Rabiee
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
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24
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Cox AR, Chernis N, Bader DA, Saha PK, Masschelin PM, Felix JB, Sharp R, Lian Z, Putluri V, Rajapakshe K, Kim KH, Villareal DT, Armamento-Villareal R, Wu H, Coarfa C, Putluri N, Hartig SM. STAT1 Dissociates Adipose Tissue Inflammation From Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity. Diabetes 2020; 69:2630-2641. [PMID: 32994273 PMCID: PMC7679774 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity fosters low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT) that may contribute to the insulin resistance that characterizes type 2 diabetes. However, the causal relationship of these events remains unclear. The established dominance of STAT1 function in the immune response suggests an obligate link between inflammation and the comorbidities of obesity. To this end, we sought to determine how STAT1 activity in white adipocytes affects insulin sensitivity. STAT1 expression in WAT inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose in both obese mice and humans. Metabolomic and gene expression profiling established STAT1 deletion in adipocytes (STAT1 a-KO ) enhanced mitochondrial function and accelerated tricarboxylic acid cycle flux coupled with reduced fat cell size in subcutaneous WAT depots. STAT1 a-KO reduced WAT inflammation, but insulin resistance persisted in obese mice. Rather, elimination of type I cytokine interferon-γ activity enhanced insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity. Our findings reveal a permissive mechanism that bridges WAT inflammation to whole-body insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Cox
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Natasha Chernis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Pradip K Saha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Peter M Masschelin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jessica B Felix
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Robert Sharp
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Zeqin Lian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Dennis T Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Reina Armamento-Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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25
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Vijayalingam S, Ezekiel UR, Xu F, Subramanian T, Geerling E, Hoelscher B, San K, Ganapathy A, Pemberton K, Tycksen E, Pinto AK, Brien JD, Beck DB, Chung WK, Gurnett CA, Chinnadurai G. Human iPSC-Derived Neuronal Cells From CTBP1-Mutated Patients Reveal Altered Expression of Neurodevelopmental Gene Networks. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:562292. [PMID: 33192249 PMCID: PMC7653094 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.562292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A recurrent de novo mutation in the transcriptional corepressor CTBP1 is associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities in children (Beck et al., 2016, 2019; Sommerville et al., 2017). All reported patients harbor a single recurrent de novo heterozygous missense mutation (p.R342W) within the cofactor recruitment domain of CtBP1. To investigate the transcriptional activity of the pathogenic CTBP1 mutant allele in physiologically relevant human cell models, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from the dermal fibroblasts derived from patients and normal donors. The transcriptional profiles of the iPSC-derived “early” neurons were determined by RNA-sequencing. Comparison of the RNA-seq data of the neurons from patients and normal donors revealed down regulation of gene networks involved in neurodevelopment, synaptic adhesion and anti-viral (interferon) response. Consistent with the altered gene expression patterns, the patient-derived neurons exhibited morphological and electrophysiological abnormalities, and susceptibility to viral infection. Taken together, our studies using iPSC-derived neuron models provide novel insights into the pathological activities of the CTBP1 p.R342W allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vijayalingam
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Uthayashanker R Ezekiel
- Department of Clinical Health Sciences, Doisy College of Health Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fenglian Xu
- Department of Biology and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - T Subramanian
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brittany Hoelscher
- Department of Biology and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - KayKay San
- Department of Clinical Health Sciences, Doisy College of Health Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aravinda Ganapathy
- Department of Clinical Health Sciences, Doisy College of Health Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kyle Pemberton
- Department of Biology and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Eric Tycksen
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amelia K Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James D Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David B Beck
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christina A Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - G Chinnadurai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
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26
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Qiu J, Zhang Z, Wang S, Chen Y, Liu C, Xu S, Wang D, Su J, Ni M, Yu J, Cui X, Ma L, Hu T, Hu Y, Gu X, Ma X, Wang J, Xu L. Transferrin Receptor Functionally Marks Thermogenic Adipocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572459. [PMID: 33251209 PMCID: PMC7676909 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thermogenic adipocytes, including beige and brown adipocytes, are critical for thermogenesis and energy homeostasis. Identification of functional cell surface markers of thermogenic adipocytes is of significance for potential application in biological and clinical practices. Methods With a combination of RNA-sequencing of in vivo and in vitro models, we identified transferrin receptor (Tfr1), a receptor specialized for cellular iron uptake, as a previously unappreciated cell surface molecule for thermogenic adipocytes compared to white adipocytes. The alternation of Tfr1 levels under physiological and pathological stimuli was assessed, and the mitochondria functionality, browning capacity, and iron metabolism of mature adipocytes were examined with Tfr1 knockdown. Results Tfr1 was expressed predominantly in thermogenic adipocytes versus white adipocyte, and its expression levels were tightly correlated with the activation or inhibition status of thermogenic adipocytes under external stimuli. Besides, Tfr1 gene deficiency in thermogenic adipocytes led to reduced thermogenic gene programs and mitochondrial integrity. Conclusion Tfr1 functionally marks thermogenic adipocytes and could serve as a potential thermogenic adipocyte surface marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sainan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlei Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengshan Ni
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdi Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Wei Y, Gao J, Kou Y, Liu M, Meng L, Zheng X, Xu S, Liang M, Sun H, Liu Z, Wang Y. The intestinal microbial metabolite desaminotyrosine is an anti-inflammatory molecule that modulates local and systemic immune homeostasis. FASEB J 2020; 34:16117-16128. [PMID: 33047367 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902900rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is considered that intestinal barrier dysfunction and systemic endotoxemia drive obesity and its related complications. However, what causes barrier dysfunction remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that the gut microbiota from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice had impaired ability to degrade dietary flavonoids, and in correspondence, the microbial-derived flavonoid metabolite desaminotyrosine (DAT) was reduced. Supplementation of DAT in the drinking water was able to counter the HFD-induced body fat mass accumulation and body weight increment. This is correlated with the role of DAT in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis to protect barrier integrity. DAT could attenuate dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mucosal inflammation in a type I interferon signal-dependent manner. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of DAT-protected mice from bacterial endotoxin-induced septic shock. Together, we identified DAT as a gut microbiota-derived anti-inflammatory metabolite that functions to modulate local and systemic immune homeostasis. Our data support the notion of dysbiosis being an important driving force of mucosal barrier dysfunction and systemic metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wei
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Kou
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Meng
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xingping Zheng
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shihong Xu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ming Liang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Liu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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28
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Tapia PJ, Figueroa AM, Eisner V, González-Hódar L, Robledo F, Agarwal AK, Garg A, Cortés V. Absence of AGPAT2 impairs brown adipogenesis, increases IFN stimulated gene expression and alters mitochondrial morphology. Metabolism 2020; 111:154341. [PMID: 32810486 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic loss of function variants in AGPAT2, encoding 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2, cause congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1, a disease characterized by near total loss of white adipose tissue and metabolic complications. Agpat2 deficient (Agpat2-/-) mice completely lacks both white and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT). The objective of the present study was to characterize the effects of AGPAT2 deficiency in brown adipocyte differentiation. METHODS Preadipocytes obtained from newborn (P0.5) Agpat2-/- and wild type mice iBAT were differentiated into brown adipocytes, compared by RNA microarray, RT-qPCR, High-Content Screening (HCS), western blotting and electron microscopy. RESULTS 1) Differentiated Agpat2-/- brown adipocytes have fewer lipid-laden cells and lower abundance of Pparγ, Pparα, C/ebpα and Pgc1α, both at the mRNA and protein levels, compared those to wild type cells. Prmd16 levels were equivalent in both, Agpat2-/- and wild type, while Ucp1 was only induced in wild type cells, 2) These differences were not due to lower abundance of preadipocytes, 3) Differentiated Agpat2-/- brown adipocytes are enriched in the mRNA abundance of genes participating in interferon (IFN) type I response, whereas genes involved in mitochondrial homeostasis were decreased, 4) Mitochondria in differentiated Agpat2-/- brown adipocytes had altered morphology and lower mass and contacting sites with lipid droplets concomitant with lower levels of Mitofusin 2 and Perlipin 5. CONCLUSION AGPAT2 is necessary for normal brown adipose differentiation. Its absence results in a lower proportion of lipid-laden cells, increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and alterations in mitochondrial morphology, mass and fewer mitochondria to lipid droplets contacting sites in differentiated brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Tapia
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Ana-María Figueroa
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Verónica Eisner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Lila González-Hódar
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Fermín Robledo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Anil K Agarwal
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.
| | - Víctor Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
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29
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Latest advances in STAT signaling and function in adipocytes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:629-639. [PMID: 32219346 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes and adipose tissue are not inert and make substantial contributions to systemic metabolism by influencing energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid storage. In addition to well-studied hormones such as insulin, there are numerous hormones, cytokines, and growth factors that modulate adipose tissue function. Many endocrine mediators utilize the JAK-STAT pathway to mediate dozens of biological processes, including inflammation and immune responses. JAKs and STATs can modulate both adipocyte development and mature adipocyte function. Of the seven STAT family members, four STATs are expressed in adipocytes and regulated during adipogenesis (STATs 1, 3, 5A, and 5B). These STATs have been shown to play influential roles in adipose tissue development and function. STAT6, in contrast, is highly expressed in both preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, but is not considered to play a major role in regulating adipose tissue function. This review will summarize the latest research that pertains to the functions of STATs in adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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Surkan PJ, Hong X, Zhang B, Nawa N, Ji H, Tang WY, Ji Y, Kimmel MC, Wang G, Pearson C, Wang X. Can social support during pregnancy affect maternal DNA methylation? Findings from a cohort of African-Americans. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:131-138. [PMID: 31349361 PMCID: PMC6982603 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While stress and the absence of social support during pregnancy have been linked to poor health outcomes, the underlying biological mechanisms are unclear. METHODS We examined whether adverse experiences during pregnancy alter DNA methylation (DNAm) in maternal epigenomes. Analyses included 250 African-American mothers from the Boston Birth Cohort. Genome-wide DNAm profiling was performed in maternal blood collected after delivery, using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip. Linear regression models, with adjustment of pertinent covariates, were applied. RESULTS While self-reported maternal psychosocial lifetime stress and stress during pregnancy was not associated with DNAm alterations, we found that absence of support from the baby's father was significantly associated with maternal DNAm changes in TOR3A, IQCB1, C7orf36, and MYH7B and that lack of support from family and friends was associated with maternal DNA hypermethylation on multiple genes, including PRDM16 and BANKL. CONCLUSIONS This study provides intriguing results suggesting biological embedding of social support during pregnancy on maternal DNAm, warranting additional investigation, and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Corresponding author: Pamela J. Surkan, Social and Behavioral Interventions Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe St., Room E5523, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21205-2179. . Phone: 410-502-7396. Fax: 410-502-6733
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary C. Kimmel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Entwisle SW, Martinez Calejman C, Valente AS, Lawrence RT, Hung CM, Guertin DA, Villén J. Proteome and Phosphoproteome Analysis of Brown Adipocytes Reveals That RICTOR Loss Dampens Global Insulin/AKT Signaling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1104-1119. [PMID: 32234964 PMCID: PMC7338085 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.001946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulating brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity represents a promising therapy for overcoming metabolic diseases. mTORC2 is important for regulating BAT metabolism, but its downstream targets have not been fully characterized. In this study, we apply proteomics and phosphoproteomics to investigate the downstream effectors of mTORC2 in brown adipocytes. We compare wild-type controls to isogenic cells with an induced knockout of the mTORC2 subunit RICTOR (Rictor-iKO) by stimulating each with insulin for a 30-min time course. In Rictor-iKO cells, we identify decreases to the abundance of glycolytic and de novo lipogenesis enzymes, and increases to mitochondrial proteins as well as a set of proteins known to increase upon interferon stimulation. We also observe significant differences to basal phosphorylation because of chronic RICTOR loss including decreased phosphorylation of the lipid droplet protein perilipin-1 in Rictor-iKO cells, suggesting that RICTOR could be involved with regulating basal lipolysis or droplet dynamics. Finally, we observe mild dampening of acute insulin signaling response in Rictor-iKO cells, and a subset of AKT substrates exhibiting statistically significant dependence on RICTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Entwisle
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Anthony S Valente
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert T Lawrence
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Judit Villén
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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Angueira AR, Shapira SN, Ishibashi J, Sampat S, Sostre-Colón J, Emmett MJ, Titchenell PM, Lazar MA, Lim HW, Seale P. Early B Cell Factor Activity Controls Developmental and Adaptive Thermogenic Gene Programming in Adipocytes. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2869-2878.e4. [PMID: 32130892 PMCID: PMC7079313 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity protects animals against hypothermia and represents a potential therapeutic target to combat obesity. The transcription factor early B cell factor-2 (EBF2) promotes brown adipocyte differentiation, but its roles in maintaining brown adipocyte fate and in stimulating BAT recruitment during cold exposure were unknown. We find that the deletion of Ebf2 in adipocytes of mice ablates BAT character and function, resulting in cold intolerance. Unexpectedly, prolonged exposure to cold restores the thermogenic profile and function of Ebf2 mutant BAT. Enhancer profiling and genetic assays identified EBF1 as a candidate regulator of the cold response in BAT. Adipocyte-specific deletion of both Ebf1 and Ebf2 abolishes BAT recruitment during chronic cold exposure. Mechanistically, EBF1 and EBF2 promote thermogenic gene transcription through increasing the expression and activity of ERRα and PGC1α. Together, these studies demonstrate that EBF proteins specify the developmental fate and control the adaptive cold response of brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Angueira
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne N Shapira
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Ishibashi
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samay Sampat
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaimarie Sostre-Colón
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Emmett
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Chernis N, Masschelin P, Cox AR, Hartig SM. Bisphenol AF promotes inflammation in human white adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C63-C72. [PMID: 31596606 PMCID: PMC6985838 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00175.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals interact with transcription factors essential for adipocyte differentiation. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals corresponds with elevated risks of obesity, but the effects of these compounds on human cells remain largely undefined. Widespread use of bisphenol AF (BPAF) as a bisphenol A (BPA) alternative in the plastics industry presents unknown health risks. To this end, we discovered that BPAF interferes with the metabolic function of mature human adipocytes. Although 4-day exposures to BPAF accelerated adipocyte differentiation, we observed no effect on mature fat cell marker genes. Additional gene and protein expression analysis showed that BPAF treatment during human adipocyte differentiation failed to suppress the proinflammatory transcription factor STAT1. Microscopy and respirometry experiments demonstrated that BPAF impaired mitochondrial function and structure. To test the hypothesis that BPAF fosters vulnerabilities to STAT1 activation, we treated mature adipocytes previously exposed to BPAF with interferon-γ (IFNγ). BPAF increased IFNγ activation of STAT1 and exposed mitochondrial vulnerabilities that disrupt adipocyte lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Collectively, our data establish that BPAF activates inflammatory signaling pathways that degrade metabolic activity in human adipocytes. These findings suggest how the BPA alternative BPAF contributes to metabolic changes that correspond with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Chernis
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Masschelin
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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34
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Abstract
Understanding the mammalian energy balance can pave the way for future therapeutics that enhance energy expenditure as an anti-obesity and anti-diabetic strategy. Several studies showed that brown adipose tissue activity increases daily energy expenditure. However, the size and activity of brown adipose tissue is reduced in individuals with obesity and type two diabetes. Humans have an abundance of functionally similar beige adipocytes that have the potential to contribute to increased energy expenditure. This makes beige adipocytes a promising target for metabolic disease therapies. While brown adipocytes tend to be stable, beige adipocytes have a high level of plasticity that allows for the rapid and dynamic induction of thermogenesis by external stimuli such as low environmental temperatures. This means that after browning stimuli have been withdrawn beige adipocytes quickly transition back to their white adipose state. The detailed molecular mechanisms regulating beige adipocytes development, function, and reversibility are not fully understood. The goal of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of beige fat development and origins, along with the transcriptional and epigenetic programs that lead to beige fat formation, and subsequent thermogenesis in humans. An improved understanding of the molecular pathways of beige adipocyte plasticity will enable us to selectively manipulate beige cells to induce and maintain their thermogenic output thus improving the whole-body energy homeostasis.
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35
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Guo X, Zhang Z, Zeng T, Lim YC, Wang Y, Xie X, Yang S, Huang C, Xu M, Tao L, Zeng H, Sun L, Li X. cAMP-MicroRNA-203-IFNγ network regulates subcutaneous white fat browning and glucose tolerance. Mol Metab 2019; 28:36-47. [PMID: 31327757 PMCID: PMC6822238 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown and beige adipocytes in humans and rodents are specialized to burn lipids for heat generation as a natural defense against cold and obesity, which is advantageous to metabolic homeostasis. MicroRNAs as another regulatory layer to regulate metabolic homeostasis attracted a lot of attentions. Our previous work revealed microRNA (miR)-203 as a brown adipocyte-enriched microRNA involved in brown adipocytes development. However, the potential role of miR-203 in adipose tissue metabolic homeostasis has not been determined in vivo. In this study, we investigate the potential role of miR-203 in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sub-WAT) browning and metabolic homeostasis. METHODS We investigated the relationship between miR-203 and energy homeostasis in adipose tissue from cold exposed, high fat diet (HFD) fed, ob/ob and db/db mice. The functions of miR-203 on sub-WAT browning were validated through miR-203 knockdown or overexpression. The miR-203 targeted signal pathway was screened by RNAseq analysis. Luciferase report assay, western blot, and qPCR were performed to establish the miR-203 related upstream and downstream signal pathway in vivo and in vitro. The functions of miR-203 on obesity and metabolic homeostasis were validated through GTT/ITT and western blot on high fat diet-induced obesity in C57 mice. ELISA was used to determine the concentration of IFN-γ. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the infiltration of macrophages in adipose tissue. RESULTS MiR-203 expression positively correlates with energy expenditure, and overexpression of miR-203 could enhance sub-WAT browning in normal diet (ND) condition. Mechanistically, the expression of miR-203 is activated by cAMP-dependent C/EBPβ up-regulation. Subsequently, miR-203 inhibits IFN-γ signal pathway activation by directly targeting Lyn, which is an activator of Jak1-Stat1. Moreover, the forced expression of miR-203 could improve insulin sensitivity and resist high fat diet-induced obesity by inhibiting IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA-203 (miR-203) promotes white adipose tissue browning in cold exposed mice and improves glucose tolerance in HFD fed mice by repressing IFN-γ. Since miR-203 is activated by cAMP-dependent C/EBPβ up-regulation and directly represses IFN-γ signal pathway, we declare that miR-203 acts as a messenger between cAMP signal pathway and IFN-γ signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Guo
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ting Zeng
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Yen Ching Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Xinxin Xie
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Song Yang
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Linfen Tao
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Zeng
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Xi Li
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, PR China.
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Pedrotti S, Caccia R, Neguembor MV, Garcia-Manteiga JM, Ferri G, de Palma C, Canu T, Giovarelli M, Marra P, Fiocchi A, Molineris I, Raso M, Sanvito F, Doglioni C, Esposito A, Clementi E, Gabellini D. The Suv420h histone methyltransferases regulate PPAR-γ and energy expenditure in response to environmental stimuli. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1472. [PMID: 31001581 PMCID: PMC6469946 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities have become a global emergency with considerable morbidity and mortality. Epidemiologic and animal model data suggest an epigenetic contribution to obesity. Nevertheless, the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which epigenetics contributes to the development of obesity remain to be elucidated. Suv420h1 and Suv420h2 are histone methyltransferases responsible for chromatin compaction and gene repression. Through in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies, we found that Suv420h1 and Suv420h2 respond to environmental stimuli and regulate metabolism by down-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), a master transcriptional regulator of lipid storage and glucose metabolism. Accordingly, mice lacking Suv420h proteins activate PPAR-γ target genes in brown adipose tissue to increase mitochondria respiration, improve glucose tolerance, and reduce adipose tissue to fight obesity. We conclude that Suv420h proteins are key epigenetic regulators of PPAR-γ and the pathways controlling metabolism and weight balance in response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pedrotti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Caccia
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Manteiga
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Center for Translational Genomics and BioInformatics, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferri
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy
| | - Clara de Palma
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “L. Sacco”-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Tamara Canu
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Preclinical Imaging Facility, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Marra
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Preclinical Imaging Facility, Milano, Italy
| | - Amleto Fiocchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Mouse Clinic, Milano, Italy
| | - Ivan Molineris
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Center for Translational Genomics and BioInformatics, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Raso
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Mouse Clinic, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Preclinical Imaging Facility, Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Davide Gabellini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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Chan CC, Damen MSMA, Alarcon PC, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Divanovic S. Inflammation and Immunity: From an Adipocyte's Perspective. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:459-471. [PMID: 30920343 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehension of adipocyte function has evolved beyond a long-held belief of their inert nature, as simple energy storing and releasing cells. Adipocytes, including white, brown, and beige, are capable mediators of global metabolic health, but their intersection with inflammation is a budding field of exploration. Evidence hints at a reciprocal relationship adipocytes share with immune cells. Adipocyte's capacity to behave in an "immune-like" manner and ability to sense inflammatory cues that subsequently alter core adipocyte function might play an important role in shaping immune responses. Clarifying this intricate relationship could uncover previously underappreciated contribution of adipocytes to inflammation-driven human health and disease. In this review, we highlight the potential of largely underappreciated adipocyte "immune-like" function and how it may contribute to inflammation, immunity, and pathology of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Chan
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pablo C Alarcon
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,4Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,5Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Senad Divanovic
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,6Division of Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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38
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Abstract
The organs require oxygen and other types of nutrients (amino acids, sugars, and lipids) to function, the heart consuming large amounts of fatty acids for oxidation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation.
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Liu Y, Maekawa T, Yoshida K, Muratani M, Chatton B, Ishii S. The Transcription Factor ATF7 Controls Adipocyte Differentiation and Thermogenic Gene Programming. iScience 2019; 13:98-112. [PMID: 30826729 PMCID: PMC6402263 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes function as major players in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, and factors contributing to adipocyte differentiation and function are promising targets for combatting obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Activating transcription factor 7 (ATF7), a stress-responsive chromatin regulator, is involved in energy metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we showed that ATF7 is required for adipocyte differentiation and interacts with histone dimethyltransferase G9a in adipocytes to repress the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, which in turn suppress adipogenesis. Ablation of ATF7 promotes beige fat biogenesis in inguinal white adipose tissue. ATF7 binds to transcriptional regulatory regions of the gene encoding uncoupling protein 1, silencing it by controlling histone H3K9 dimethylation. Our findings demonstrate that ATF7 is a multifunctional adipocyte protein involved in the epigenetic control of development and function in adipose tissues. ATF7 is required for adipocyte differentiation ATF7 represses the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in adipocytes Loss of ATF7 promotes the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue ATF7 associates with C/EBPβ and G9a to silence Ucp1 expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Toshio Maekawa
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Bruno Chatton
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, BP10413 Illkirch, France
| | - Shunsuke Ishii
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
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40
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Shapira SN, Seale P. Transcriptional Control of Brown and Beige Fat Development and Function. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:13-21. [PMID: 30569639 PMCID: PMC6309799 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, once viewed as an inert organ of energy storage, is now appreciated to be a central node for the dynamic regulation of systemic metabolism. There are three general types of adipose tissue: white, brown, and brown-in-white or "beige" fat. All three types of adipose tissue communicate extensively with other organs in the body, including skin, liver, pancreas, muscle, and brain, to maintain energy homeostasis. When energy intake chronically exceeds energy expenditure, obesity and its comorbidities can develop. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which different types of adipose tissues develop and function could uncover new therapies for combating disorders of energy imbalance. In this review, the recent findings on the transcriptional and chromatin-mediated regulation of brown and beige adipose tissue activity are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N. Shapira
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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41
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Koh EH, Chernis N, Saha PK, Xiao L, Bader DA, Zhu B, Rajapakshe K, Hamilton MP, Liu X, Perera D, Chen X, York B, Trauner M, Coarfa C, Bajaj M, Moore DD, Deng T, McGuire SE, Hartig SM. miR-30a Remodels Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Inflammation to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity. Diabetes 2018; 67:2541-2553. [PMID: 30002134 PMCID: PMC6245225 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation accompanies obesity and limits subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) expandability, accelerating the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) influence expression of many metabolic genes in fat cells, but physiological roles in WAT remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that expression of the miRNA miR-30a in subcutaneous WAT corresponds with insulin sensitivity in obese mice and humans. To examine the hypothesis that restoration of miR-30a expression in WAT improves insulin sensitivity, we injected adenovirus (Adv) expressing miR-30a into the subcutaneous fat pad of diabetic mice. Exogenous miR-30a expression in the subcutaneous WAT depot of obese mice coupled improved insulin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure with decreased ectopic fat deposition in the liver and reduced WAT inflammation. High-throughput proteomic profiling and RNA-Seq suggested that miR-30a targets the transcription factor STAT1 to limit the actions of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) that would otherwise restrict WAT expansion and decrease insulin sensitivity. We further demonstrated that miR-30a opposes the actions of IFN-γ, suggesting an important role for miR-30a in defending adipocytes against proinflammatory cytokines that reduce peripheral insulin sensitivity. Together, our data identify a critical molecular signaling axis, elements of which are involved in uncoupling obesity from metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Koh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Natasha Chernis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Pradip K Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Liuling Xiao
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mark P Hamilton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tuo Deng
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Sean E McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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42
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RPS3A positively regulates the mitochondrial function of human periaortic adipose tissue and is associated with coronary artery diseases. Cell Discov 2018; 4:52. [PMID: 30131868 PMCID: PMC6102269 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericardial adipose tissue, which comprises both epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and paracardial adipose tissue (PAT), has recently been recognized as a novel factor in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery disease (CAD). The goal of this study was to evaluate differences in the brown-like characteristic and proteome among human EAT, PAT, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to identify candidate molecules causing CAD. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and other brown-related proteins were highly expressed in pericardial adipose tissue but was weakly expressed in SAT from the same non-CAD patient. Moreover, pericardial adipose tissues displayed a higher thermogenesis than SAT. However, brown-related genes were lower in CAD pericardial fat. Remarkably, there were lower levels of metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid metabolism in pericardial adipose tissues of CAD. EAT is an organ adjacent to aortic root without anatomy barriers, which differs from PAT. We found that the expression of ribosomal protein S3A (RPS3A) was decreased in human EAT as well as in mouse perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Knockdown of RPS3A significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes and impaired the function of mitochondria in mature adipocytes. Moreover, RPS3A knockdown in mouse periaortic adipose tissue impaired browning of PVAT, accelerated vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis progression. Mechanistically, RPS3A can migrate to the mitochondria to maintain the function of brown adipocytes. These findings provide compelling evidence that RPS3A was a key factor for modulating the brown fat-specific gene UCP-1 and carbon metabolic enzymes in EAT for preventing CAD.
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43
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Shoucri BM, Hung VT, Chamorro-García R, Shioda T, Blumberg B. Retinoid X Receptor Activation During Adipogenesis of Female Mesenchymal Stem Cells Programs a Dysfunctional Adipocyte. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2863-2883. [PMID: 29860300 PMCID: PMC6669823 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is an emerging risk factor for the development of obesity and diabetes later in life. We previously showed that prenatal exposure to the EDC tributyltin (TBT) results in increased adiposity in the offspring. These effects linger into adulthood and are propagated through successive generations. TBT activates two nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and its heterodimeric partner retinoid X receptor (RXR), that promote adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. We recently employed a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) model to show that TBT promotes adipose lineage commitment by activating RXR, not PPARγ. This led us to consider the functional consequences of PPARγ vs RXR activation in developing adipocytes. We used a transcriptomal approach to characterize genome-wide differences in MSCs differentiated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (ROSI) or TBT. Pathway analysis suggested functional deficits in TBT-treated cells. We then compared adipocytes differentiated with ROSI, TBT, or a pure RXR agonist IRX4204 (4204). Our data show that RXR activators ("rexinoids," 4204 and TBT) attenuate glucose uptake, blunt expression of the antidiabetic hormone adiponectin, and fail to downregulate proinflammatory and profibrotic transcripts, as does ROSI. Finally, 4204 and TBT treatment results in an inability to induce markers of adipocyte browning, in part due to sustained interferon signaling. Taken together, these data implicate rexinoids in the development of dysfunctional white adipose tissue that could potentially exacerbate obesity and/or diabetes risk in vivo. These data warrant further screening and characterization of EDCs that activate RXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M Shoucri
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Victor T Hung
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Raquel Chamorro-García
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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44
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Steuerman Y, Cohen M, Peshes-Yaloz N, Valadarsky L, Cohn O, David E, Frishberg A, Mayo L, Bacharach E, Amit I, Gat-Viks I. Dissection of Influenza Infection In Vivo by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cell Syst 2018; 6:679-691.e4. [PMID: 29886109 PMCID: PMC7185763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The influenza virus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Yet, both the impact of intracellular viral replication and the variation in host response across different cell types remain uncharacterized. Here we used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the heterogeneity in the response of lung tissue cells to in vivo influenza infection. Analysis of viral and host transcriptomes in the same single cell enabled us to resolve the cellular heterogeneity of bystander (exposed but uninfected) as compared with infected cells. We reveal that all major immune and non-immune cell types manifest substantial fractions of infected cells, albeit at low viral transcriptome loads relative to epithelial cells. We show that all cell types respond primarily with a robust generic transcriptional response, and we demonstrate novel markers specific for influenza-infected as opposed to bystander cells. These findings open new avenues for targeted therapy aimed exclusively at infected cells. Combined measurements of host-viral scRNA-seq during in vivo influenza infection High prevalence of infection in a variety of immune and non-immune cell types Extensive cellular heterogeneity exists within infected and bystander cells Generic and cell-type-specific differences between infected and bystander cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Steuerman
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Merav Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Peshes-Yaloz
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liran Valadarsky
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofir Cohn
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Frishberg
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Mayo
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Bacharach
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Irit Gat-Viks
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel.
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45
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Jin W, Jin W, Pan D. Ifi27 is indispensable for mitochondrial function and browning in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:273-279. [PMID: 29730295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized for energy expenditure, but the signaling pathways that regulate BAT metabolism and activity are incompletely understood. Interferon (IFN) signaling is a sophisticated defense mechanism to counteract viral infection. IFNs and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) are reported to exert profound effects on adipocytes. IFN-α inducible protein 27 (Ifi27/ISG12a) is a BAT-enriched gene, yet no any studies on its roles in BAT have been reported. Here, we show that Ifi27 protein localizes to mitochondria and the expression of Ifi27 can be induced by β3-adrenergic activation in adipose tissues. Knockdown of Ifi27 leads to reduced expression of key enzymes of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), the subunits of electron transport chain (ETC) and uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in brown and beige adipocytes. Moreover, the browning of subcutaneous white fat induced by β3-adrenergic agonist is also dramatically blocked. Ectopic expression of Ifi27 in brown adipocytes has the opposite effects. Together, these data indicate that Ifi27 regulates mitochondrial function and browning in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenfang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongning Pan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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46
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Ferroni P, Barbanti P, Della-Morte D, Palmirotta R, Jirillo E, Guadagni F. Redox Mechanisms in Migraine: Novel Therapeutics and Dietary Interventions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1144-1183. [PMID: 28990418 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Migraine represents the third most prevalent and the seventh most disabling human disorder. Approximately 30% of migraine patients experience transient, fully reversible, focal neurological symptoms (aura) preceding the attack. Recent Advances: Awareness of the hypothesis that migraine actually embodies a spectrum of illnesses-ranging from episodic to chronic forms-is progressively increasing and poses novel challenges for clarifying the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine as well as for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Several theories have evolved to the current concept that a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors may play a role in migraine pathogenesis, although their relative importance is still being debated. CRITICAL ISSUES One critical issue that deserves a particular attention is the role of oxidative stress in migraine. Indeed, potentially harmful oxidative events occur during the migraine attack and long-lasting or frequent migraine episodes may increase brain exposure to oxidative events that can lead to chronic transformation. Moreover, a wide variety of dietary, environmental, physiological, behavioral, and pharmacological migraine triggers may act through oxidative stress, with clear implications for migraine treatment and prophylaxis. Interestingly, almost all current prophylactic migraine agents exert antioxidant effects. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increasing awareness of the role of oxidative stress and/or decreased antioxidant defenses in migraine pathogenesis and progression to a chronic condition lays the foundations for the design of novel prophylactic approaches, which, by reducing brain oxidative phenomena, could favorably modify the clinical course of migraine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1144-1183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferroni
- 1 Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University , Rome, Italy .,2 IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Barbanti
- 3 Headache and Pain Unit, Department of Neurological, Motor and Sensorial Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- 1 Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University , Rome, Italy .,2 IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy .,4 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- 5 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, "A. Moro" University , Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- 6 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, "A. Moro" University , Bari, Italy
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- 1 Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University , Rome, Italy .,2 IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
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47
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UCP1 deficiency causes brown fat respiratory chain depletion and sensitizes mitochondria to calcium overload-induced dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017. [PMID: 28630339 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705406114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria exhibit high oxidative capacity and abundant expression of both electron transport chain components and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). UCP1 dissipates the mitochondrial proton motive force (Δp) generated by the respiratory chain and increases thermogenesis. Here we find that in mice genetically lacking UCP1, cold-induced activation of metabolism triggers innate immune signaling and markers of cell death in BAT. Moreover, global proteomic analysis reveals that this cascade induced by UCP1 deletion is associated with a dramatic reduction in electron transport chain abundance. UCP1-deficient BAT mitochondria exhibit reduced mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity and are highly sensitive to mitochondrial permeability transition induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium overload. This dysfunction depends on ROS production by reverse electron transport through mitochondrial complex I, and can be rescued by inhibition of electron transfer through complex I or pharmacologic depletion of ROS levels. Our findings indicate that the interscapular BAT of Ucp1 knockout mice exhibits mitochondrial disruptions that extend well beyond the deletion of UCP1 itself. This finding should be carefully considered when using this mouse model to examine the role of UCP1 in physiology.
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48
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Kissig M, Ishibashi J, Harms MJ, Lim HW, Stine RR, Won KJ, Seale P. PRDM16 represses the type I interferon response in adipocytes to promote mitochondrial and thermogenic programing. EMBO J 2017; 36:1528-1542. [PMID: 28408438 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose has the potential to counteract obesity, and thus, identifying signaling pathways that regulate the activity of this tissue is of great clinical interest. PRDM16 is a transcription factor that activates brown fat-specific genes while repressing white fat and muscle-specific genes in adipocytes. Whether PRDM16 also controls other gene programs to regulate adipocyte function was unclear. Here, we identify a novel role for PRDM16 in suppressing type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), including Stat1, in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo Ectopic activation of type I IFN signaling in brown adipocytes induces mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Prdm16-deficient adipose displays an exaggerated response to type I IFN, including higher STAT1 levels and reduced mitochondrial gene expression. Mechanistically, PRDM16 represses ISGs through binding to promoter regions of these genes and blocking the activating function of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). Together, these data indicate that PRDM16 diminishes responsiveness to type I IFN in adipose cells to promote thermogenic and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Kissig
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Ishibashi
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Harms
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Genetics Department, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel R Stine
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Genetics Department, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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