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Huang Z, Iqbal Z, Zhao Z, Chen X, Mahmmod A, Liu J, Li W, Deng Z. TMEM16 proteins: Ca 2+‑activated chloride channels and phospholipid scramblases as potential drug targets (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:81. [PMID: 39092585 PMCID: PMC11315658 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TMEM16 proteins, which function as Ca2+‑activated Cl‑ channels are involved in regulating a wide variety of cellular pathways and functions. The modulators of Cl‑ channels can be used for the molecule‑based treatment of respiratory diseases, cystic fibrosis, tumors, cancer, osteoporosis and coronavirus disease 2019. The TMEM16 proteins link Ca2+ signaling, cellular electrical activity and lipid transport. Thus, deciphering these complex regulatory mechanisms may enable a more comprehensive understanding of the physiological functions of the TMEM16 proteins and assist in ascertaining the applicability of these proteins as potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of a range of diseases. The present review examined the structures, functions and characteristics of the different types of TMEM16 proteins, their association with the pathogenesis of various diseases and the applicability of TMEM16 modulator‑based treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Huang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ayesha Mahmmod
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab 58240, Pakistan
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wencui Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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Renna L, Stefano G, Puggioni MP, Kim SJ, Lavell A, Froehlich JE, Burkart G, Mancuso S, Benning C, Brandizzi F. ER-associated VAP27-1 and VAP27-3 proteins functionally link the lipid-binding ORP2A at the ER-chloroplast contact sites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6008. [PMID: 39019917 PMCID: PMC11255254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts heterotypic membranes at membrane contact sites (MCSs) through largely undefined mechanisms. For instance, despite the well-established and essential role of the plant ER-chloroplast interactions for lipid biosynthesis, and the reported existence of physical contacts between these organelles, almost nothing is known about the ER-chloroplast MCS identity. Here we show that the Arabidopsis ER membrane-associated VAP27 proteins and the lipid-binding protein ORP2A define a functional complex at the ER-chloroplast MCSs. Specifically, through in vivo and in vitro association assays, we found that VAP27 proteins interact with the outer envelope membrane (OEM) of chloroplasts, where they bind to ORP2A. Through lipidomic analyses, we established that VAP27 proteins and ORP2A directly interact with the chloroplast OEM monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and we demonstrated that the loss of the VAP27-ORP2A complex is accompanied by subtle changes in the acyl composition of MGDG and PG. We also found that ORP2A interacts with phytosterols and established that the loss of the VAP27-ORP2A complex alters sterol levels in chloroplasts. We propose that, by interacting directly with OEM lipids, the VAP27-ORP2A complex defines plant-unique MCSs that bridge ER and chloroplasts and are involved in chloroplast lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Renna
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stefano
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Puggioni
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sang-Jin Kim
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anastasiya Lavell
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John E Froehlich
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Graham Burkart
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Horticulture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Fondazione per il Futuro delle Città, Florence, Italy
| | - Christoph Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Lin WY, Chung WY, Muallem S. The tether function of the anoctamins. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102875. [PMID: 38701708 PMCID: PMC11166512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The core functions of the anoctamins are Cl- channel activity and phosphatidylserine (and perhaps other lipids) scrambling. These functions have been extensively studied in various tissues and cells. However, another function of the anoctamins that is less recognized and minimally explored is as tethers at membrane contact sites. This short review aims to examine evidence supporting the localization of the anoctamins at membrane contact sites, their tether properties, and their functions as tethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yin Lin
- From the Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Woo Young Chung
- From the Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- From the Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ousingsawat J, Talbi K, Gómez-Martín H, Koy A, Fernández-Jaén A, Tekgül H, Serdaroğlu E, Schreiber R, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Kunzelmann K. Broadening the clinical spectrum: molecular mechanisms and new phenotypes of ANO3-dystonia. Brain 2024; 147:1982-1995. [PMID: 38079528 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 3 (ANO3) belongs to a family of transmembrane proteins that form phospholipid scramblases and ion channels. A large number of ANO3 variants were identified as the cause of craniocervical dystonia, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain obscure. It was suggested that ANO3 variants may dysregulate intracellular Ca2+ signalling, as variants in other Ca2+ regulating proteins like hippocalcin were also identified as a cause of dystonia. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical, radiological and molecular characteristics of four individuals from four families who carried heterozygous variants in ANO3. The median age at follow-up was 6.6 years (ranging from 3.8 to 8.7 years). Three individuals presented with hypotonia and motor developmental delay. Two patients exhibited generalized progressive dystonia, while one patient presented with paroxysmal dystonia. Additionally, another patient exhibited early dyskinetic encephalopathy. One patient underwent bipallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) and showed a mild but noteworthy response, while another patient is currently being considered for DBS treatment. Neuroimaging analysis of brain MRI studies did not reveal any specific abnormalities. The molecular spectrum included two novel ANO3 variants (V561L and S116L) and two previously reported ANO3 variants (A599D and S651N). As anoctamins are suggested to affect intracellular Ca2+ signals, we compared Ca2+ signalling and activation of ion channels in cells expressing wild-type ANO3 and cells expressing anoctamin variants. Novel V561L and S116L variants were compared with previously reported A599D and S651N variants and with wild-type ANO3 expressed in fibroblasts isolated from patients or when overexpressed in HEK293 cells. We identified ANO3 as a Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase that also conducts ions. Impaired Ca2+ signalling and compromised activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels were detected in cells expressing ANO3 variants. In the brain striatal cells of affected patients, impaired activation of KCa3.1 channels due to compromised Ca2+ signals may lead to depolarized membrane voltage and neuronal hyperexcitability and may also lead to reduced cellular viability, as shown in the present study. In conclusion, our study reveals the association between ANO3 variants and paroxysmal dystonia, representing the first reported link between these variants and this specific dystonic phenotype. We demonstrate that ANO3 functions as a Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase and ion channel; cells expressing ANO3 variants exhibit impaired Ca2+ signalling and compromised activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. These findings provide a mechanism for the observed clinical manifestations and highlight the importance of ANO3 for neuronal excitability and cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hilario Gómez-Martín
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Castilla y Leon, Spain
| | - Anne Koy
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University, Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Europea De Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hasan Tekgül
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Ege Children's Hospital, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Serdaroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gazi University, Emniyet, 06560 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juan Dario Ortigoza-Escobar
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Pediatric Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Dibattista M, Pifferi S, Hernandez-Clavijo A, Menini A. The physiological roles of anoctamin2/TMEM16B and anoctamin1/TMEM16A in chemical senses. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102889. [PMID: 38677213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Chemical senses allow animals to detect and discriminate a vast array of molecules. The olfactory system is responsible of the detection of small volatile molecules, while water dissolved molecules are detected by taste buds in the oral cavity. Moreover, many animals respond to signaling molecules such as pheromones and other semiochemicals through the vomeronasal organ. The peripheral organs dedicated to chemical detection convert chemical signals into perceivable information through the employment of diverse receptor types and the activation of multiple ion channels. Two ion channels, TMEM16B, also known as anoctamin2 (ANO2) and TMEM16A, or anoctamin1 (ANO1), encoding for Ca2+-activated Cl¯ channels, have been recently described playing critical roles in various cell types. This review aims to discuss the main properties of TMEM16A and TMEM16B-mediated currents and their physiological roles in chemical senses. In olfactory sensory neurons, TMEM16B contributes to amplify the odorant response, to modulate firing, response kinetics and adaptation. TMEM16A and TMEM16B shape the pattern of action potentials in vomeronasal sensory neurons increasing the interspike interval. In type I taste bud cells, TMEM16A is activated during paracrine signaling mediated by ATP. This review aims to shed light on the regulation of diverse signaling mechanisms and neuronal excitability mediated by Ca-activated Cl¯ channels, hinting at potential new roles for TMEM16A and TMEM16B in the chemical senses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dibattista
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari A. Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Pifferi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Andres Hernandez-Clavijo
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Menini
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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Moran O, Tammaro P. Identification of determinants of lipid and ion transport in TMEM16/anoctamin proteins through a Bayesian statistical analysis. Biophys Chem 2024; 308:107194. [PMID: 38401241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The TMEM16/Anoctamin protein family (TMEM16x) is composed of members with different functions; some members form Ca2+-activated chloride channels, while others are lipid scramblases or combine the two functions. TMEM16x proteins are typically activated in response to agonist-induced rises of intracellular Ca2+; thus, they couple Ca2+-signalling with cell electrical activity or plasmalemmal lipid homeostasis. The structural domains underlying these functions are not fully defined. We used a Naïve Bayes classifier to gain insights into these domains. The method enabled identification of regions involved in either ion or lipid transport, and suggested domains for possible pharmacological exploitation. The method allowed the prediction of the transport property of any given TMEM16x. We envisage this strategy could be exploited to illuminate the structure-function relationship of any protein family composed of members playing different molecular roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Moran
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Tammaro
- Department Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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7
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Speelman-Rooms F, Vanmunster M, Coughlan A, Hinrichs M, Pontisso I, Barbeau S, Parpaite T, Bultynck G, Brohus M. 10th European Calcium Society symposium: The Ca2+-signaling toolkit in cell function, health and disease. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060357. [PMID: 38661208 PMCID: PMC11070784 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The 10th European Calcium Society symposium, organized in Leuven, Belgium on November 15-17, 2023, focused on the role of Ca2+ signaling in cell function, health and disease. The symposium featured six scientific sessions, 16 invited speakers - of whom two were postdoctoral researchers - and 14 short talks. The talks covered various aspects of intracellular Ca2+ signaling and its implications in pathology. Each session was opened by one or more invited speakers, followed by a series of presentations from speakers selected from submitted abstracts. Through short talks, poster presentations, awards, and sustainable travel fellowships, the symposium also fostered opportunities for the active participation of early-career researchers. At least half of the short talks were allocated to early-career researchers, thereby offering a platform for the presentation of ongoing work and unpublished results. Presentations were also broadcast in real-time for online attendees. In this Meeting Review, we aim to capture the spirit of the meeting and discuss the main take-home messages that emerged during the symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Speelman-Rooms
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Lab. Chemical Biology, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 901, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vanmunster
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aled Coughlan
- Cardiff University, Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Macarena Hinrichs
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Ilaria Pontisso
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) - Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Solene Barbeau
- UC Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Pôle Cellulaire et Moléculaire, avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thibaud Parpaite
- UC Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Pôle Cellulaire et Moléculaire, avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Malene Brohus
- Aalborg University, Dept. Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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Sallinger M, Grabmayr H, Humer C, Bonhenry D, Romanin C, Schindl R, Derler I. Activation mechanisms and structural dynamics of STIM proteins. J Physiol 2024; 602:1475-1507. [PMID: 36651592 DOI: 10.1113/jp283828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of stromal interaction molecules (STIM) includes two widely expressed single-pass endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane proteins and additional splice variants that act as precise ER-luminal Ca2+ sensors. STIM proteins mainly function as one of the two essential components of the so-called Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. The second CRAC channel component is constituted by pore-forming Orai proteins in the plasma membrane. STIM and Orai physically interact with each other to enable CRAC channel opening, which is a critical prerequisite for various downstream signalling pathways such as gene transcription or proliferation. Their activation commonly requires the emptying of the intracellular ER Ca2+ store. Using their Ca2+ sensing capabilities, STIM proteins confer this Ca2+ content-dependent signal to Orai, thereby linking Ca2+ store depletion to CRAC channel opening. Here we review the conformational dynamics occurring along the entire STIM protein upon store depletion, involving the transition from the quiescent, compactly folded structure into an active, extended state, modulation by a variety of accessory components in the cell as well as the impairment of individual steps of the STIM activation cascade associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Sallinger
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Herwig Grabmayr
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Christina Humer
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Daniel Bonhenry
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph Romanin
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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Chakraborty P, Hasan G. ER-Ca 2+ stores and the regulation of store-operated Ca 2+ entry in neurons. J Physiol 2024; 602:1463-1474. [PMID: 36691983 DOI: 10.1113/jp283827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Key components of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) are likely expressed in all metazoan cells. Due to the complexity of canonical Ca2+ entry mechanisms in neurons, the functional significance of ER-Ca2+ release and SOCE has been difficult to identify and establish. In this review we present evidence of how these two related mechanisms of Ca2+ signalling impact multiple aspects of neuronal physiology and discuss their interaction with the better understood classes of ion channels that are gated by either voltage changes or extracellular ligands in neurons. Given how a small imbalance in Ca2+ homeostasis can have strongly detrimental effects on neurons, leading to cell death, it is essential that neuronal SOCE is carefully regulated. We go on to discuss some mechanisms of SOCE regulation that have been identified in Drosophila and mammalian neurons. These include specific splice variants of stromal interaction molecules, different classes of membrane-interacting proteins and an ER-Ca2+ channel. So far these appear distinct from the mechanisms of SOCE regulation identified in non-excitable cells. Finally, we touch upon the significance of these studies in the context of certain human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragnya Chakraborty
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
- SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
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10
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Tsai PC, Ko AMS, Chen YL, Chiu CH, Yeh YH, Tsai FC. Exosomal miRNA Changes Associated with Restoration to Sinus Rhythm in Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3861. [PMID: 38612670 PMCID: PMC11011649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify serum exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with the transition from atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm (SR) and investigate their potential as biomarkers for the early recurrence of AF within three months post-treatment. We collected blood samples from eight AF patients at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan both immediately before and within 14 days following rhythm control treatment. Exosomes were isolated from these samples, and small RNA sequencing was performed. Using DESeq2 analysis, we identified nine miRNAs (16-2-3p, 22-3p, 23a-3p, 23b-3p, 125a-5p, 328-3p, 423-5p, 504-5p, and 582-3p) associated with restoration to SR. Further analysis using the DIABLO model revealed a correlation between the decreased expression of miR-125a-5p and miR-328-3p and the early recurrence of AF. Furthermore, early recurrence is associated with a longer duration of AF, presumably indicating a more extensive state of underlying cardiac remodeling. In addition, the reads were mapped to mRNA sequences, leading to the identification of 14 mRNAs (AC005041.1, ARHGEF12, AMT, ANO8, BCL11A, DIO3OS, EIF4ENIF1, G2E3-AS1, HERC3, LARS, NT5E, PITX1, SLC16A12, and ZBTB21) associated with restoration to SR. Monitoring these serum exosomal miRNA and mRNA expression patterns may be beneficial for optimizing treatment outcomes in AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-C.T.); (A.M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Albert Min-Shan Ko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-C.T.); (A.M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-C.T.); (A.M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chun Tsai
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
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11
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Sun S, Zhao G, Jia M, Jiang Q, Li S, Wang H, Li W, Wang Y, Bian X, Zhao YG, Huang X, Yang G, Cai H, Pastor-Pareja JC, Ge L, Zhang C, Hu J. Stay in touch with the endoplasmic reticulum. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:230-257. [PMID: 38212460 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is composed of a continuous network of tubules and sheets, forms the most widely distributed membrane system in eukaryotic cells. As a result, it engages a variety of organelles by establishing membrane contact sites (MCSs). These contacts regulate organelle positioning and remodeling, including fusion and fission, facilitate precise lipid exchange, and couple vital signaling events. Here, we systematically review recent advances and converging themes on ER-involved organellar contact. The molecular basis, cellular influence, and potential physiological functions for ER/nuclear envelope contacts with mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes, lipid droplets, autophagosomes, and plasma membrane are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingkang Jia
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yan G Zhao
- Brain Research Center, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huaqing Cai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jose C Pastor-Pareja
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute of Neurosciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientfflcas-Universidad Miguel Hernandez, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain.
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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12
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Nguyen DM, Chen TY. Structure and Function of Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels and Phospholipid Scramblases in the TMEM16 Family. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 283:153-180. [PMID: 35792944 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein 16 (TMEM16) family consists of Ca2+-activated chloride channels and phospholipid scramblases. Ten mammalian TMEM16 proteins, TMEM16A-K (with no TMEM16I), and several non-mammalian TMEM16 proteins, such as afTMEM16 and nhTMEM16, have been discovered. All known TMEM16 proteins are homodimeric proteins containing two subunits. Each subunit consists of ten transmembrane helices with Ca2+-binding sites and a single ion-permeation/phospholipid transport pathway. The ion-permeation pathway and the phospholipid transport pathway of TMEM16 proteins have a wide intracellular vestibule, a narrow neck, and a smaller extracellular vestibule. Interestingly, the lining wall of the ion-permeation/phospholipid transport pathway may be formed, at least partially, by membrane phospholipids, though the degree of pore-wall forming by phospholipids likely varies among TMEM16 proteins. Thus, the biophysical properties and activation mechanisms of TMEM16 proteins could differ from each other accordingly. Here we review the current understanding of the structure and function of TMEM16 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Manh Nguyen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tsung-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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13
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Li Y, Li K, Pan T, Xie Q, Cheng Y, Wu X, Xu R, Liu X, Liu L, Gao J, Yuan W, Qu X, Cui S. Translocation of IGF-1R in endoplasmic reticulum enhances SERCA2 activity to trigger Ca 2+ER perturbation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3744-3755. [PMID: 37719369 PMCID: PMC10501870 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-known insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway is overexpressed in many tumors, and is thus an attractive target for cancer treatment. However, results have often been disappointing due to crosstalk with other signals. Here, we report that IGF-1R signaling stimulates the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells through the translocation of IGF-1R into the ER to enhance sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) activity. In response to ligand binding, IGF-1Rβ is translocated into the ER by β-arrestin2 (β-arr2). Mass spectrometry analysis identified SERCA2 as a target of ER IGF-1Rβ. SERCA2 activity is heavily dependent on the increase in ER IGF-1Rβ levels. ER IGF-1Rβ phosphorylates SERCA2 on Tyr990 to enhance its activity. Mutation of SERCA2-Tyr990 disrupted the interaction of ER IGF-1Rβ with SERCA2, and therefore ER IGF-1Rβ failed to promote SERCA2 activity. The enhancement of SERCA2 activity triggered Ca2+ER perturbation, leading to an increase in autophagy. Thapsigargin blocked the interaction between SERCA2 and ER IGF-1Rβ and therefore SERCA2 activity, resulting in inhibition of HCC growth. In conclusion, the translocation of IGF-1R into the ER triggers Ca2+ER perturbation by enhancing SERCA2 activity through phosphorylating Tyr990 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Keqin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiaobo Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuyao Cheng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinfeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiangming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenmin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianjun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuxiang Cui
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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14
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Chung WY, Ahuja M, McNally BA, Leibow SR, Ohman HKE, Movahed Abtahi A, Muallem S. PtdSer as a signaling lipid determined by privileged localization of ORP5 and ORP8 at ER/PM junctional foci to determine PM and ER PtdSer/PI(4)P ratio and cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301410120. [PMID: 37607230 PMCID: PMC10469337 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301410120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane contact site ER/PM junctions are hubs for signaling pathways, including Ca2+ signaling. Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) mediates various physiological functions; however, junctional PtdSer composition and the role of PtdSer in Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+-dependent gene regulation are not understood. Here, we show that STIM1-formed junctions are required for PI(4)P/PtdSer exchange by ORP5 and ORP8, which have reciprocal lipid exchange modes and function as a rheostat that sets the junctional PtdSer/PI(4)P ratio. Targeting the ORP5 and ORP8 and their lipid transfer ORD domains to PM subdomains revealed that ORP5 sets low and ORP8 high junctional PI(4)P/PtdSer ratio that controls STIM1-STIM1 and STIM1-Orai1 interaction and the activity of the SERCA pump to determine the pattern of receptor-evoked Ca2+ oscillations, and consequently translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. Significantly, targeting the ORP5 and ORP8 ORDs to the STIM1 ER subdomain reversed their function. Notably, changing PI(4)P/PtdSer ratio by hydrolysis of PM or ER PtdSer with targeted PtdSer-specific PLA1a1 reproduced the ORPs function. The function of the ORPs is determined both by their differential lipid exchange modes and by privileged localization at the ER/PM subdomains. These findings reveal a role of PtdSer as a signaling lipid that controls the available PM PI(4)P, the unappreciated role of ER PtdSer in cell function, and the diversity of the ER/PM junctions. The effect of PtdSer on the junctional PI(4)P level should have multiple implications in cellular signaling and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Young Chung
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Malini Ahuja
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Beth A. McNally
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Spencer R. Leibow
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Henry K. E. Ohman
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Ava Movahed Abtahi
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
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15
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Himmel NJ, Sakurai A, Patel AA, Bhattacharjee S, Letcher JM, Benson MN, Gray TR, Cymbalyuk GS, Cox DN. Chloride-dependent mechanisms of multimodal sensory discrimination and nociceptive sensitization in Drosophila. eLife 2023; 12:76863. [PMID: 36688373 PMCID: PMC9904763 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual sensory neurons can be tuned to many stimuli, each driving unique, stimulus-relevant behaviors, and the ability of multimodal nociceptor neurons to discriminate between potentially harmful and innocuous stimuli is broadly important for organismal survival. Moreover, disruptions in the capacity to differentiate between noxious and innocuous stimuli can result in neuropathic pain. Drosophila larval class III (CIII) neurons are peripheral noxious cold nociceptors and innocuous touch mechanosensors; high levels of activation drive cold-evoked contraction (CT) behavior, while low levels of activation result in a suite of touch-associated behaviors. However, it is unknown what molecular factors underlie CIII multimodality. Here, we show that the TMEM16/anoctamins subdued and white walker (wwk; CG15270) are required for cold-evoked CT, but not for touch-associated behavior, indicating a conserved role for anoctamins in nociception. We also evidence that CIII neurons make use of atypical depolarizing chloride currents to encode cold, and that overexpression of ncc69-a fly homologue of NKCC1-results in phenotypes consistent with neuropathic sensitization, including behavioral sensitization and neuronal hyperexcitability, making Drosophila CIII neurons a candidate system for future studies of the basic mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Sakurai
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Atit A Patel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | | | - Jamin M Letcher
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Maggie N Benson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Thomas R Gray
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | | | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
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16
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Klee KMC, Hess MW, Lohmüller M, Herzog S, Pfaller K, Müller T, Vogel GF, Huber LA. A CRISPR screen in intestinal epithelial cells identifies novel factors for polarity and apical transport. eLife 2023; 12:e80135. [PMID: 36661306 PMCID: PMC9889089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial polarization and polarized cargo transport are highly coordinated and interdependent processes. In our search for novel regulators of epithelial polarization and protein secretion, we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen and combined it with an assay based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to measure the secretion of the apical brush-border hydrolase dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). In this way, we performed the first CRISPR screen to date in human polarized epithelial cells. Using high-resolution microscopy, we detected polarization defects and mislocalization of DPP4 to late endosomes/lysosomes after knockout of TM9SF4, anoctamin 8, and ARHGAP33, confirming the identification of novel factors for epithelial polarization and apical cargo secretion. Thus, we provide a powerful tool suitable for studying polarization and cargo secretion in epithelial cells. In addition, we provide a dataset that serves as a resource for the study of novel mechanisms for epithelial polarization and polarized transport and facilitates the investigation of novel congenital diseases associated with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina MC Klee
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael Lohmüller
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sebastian Herzog
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Kristian Pfaller
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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17
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Kalemkeridou M, Nanas I, Moutou K, Amiridis GS, Tsipourlianos A, Dovolou E, Mamuris Z, Giannoulis T. Genetic diversity and thermotolerance in Holstein cows: Pathway analysis and marker development using whole-genome sequencing. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:146-157. [PMID: 36196498 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress causes extensive losses in the dairy sector, due to negative effects on milk production and reproduction. Cows have evolved a series of protective mechanisms, (physiological, biochemical, behavioural) to cope with the thermostressing environments, which have allowed the preservation of productive and reproductive potential of specific animals during summer; these animals are considered thermotolerant and could be used to design programs of selective breeding. These programs, targeting the generations of a population of heat-resistant animals, would increase the frequency of the desired phenotypes, tackling the financial losses on one hand and reducing the carbon footprints of the dairy sector on the other. The development of genomics techniques has enabled genome wide variant calling, to detect SNPs associated with the desired phenotypes. In this study, we used a comparative genomics approach to detect genetic variation associated with thermotolerance and to design molecular markers for characterizing the animals as tolerant/sensitive. A total of 40 cows from each group were split in four sequencing pools and a whole-genome sequencing approach was used. Results and conclusion: Genome-wide genetic variation between groups was characterized and enrichment analysis revealed specific pathways which participate in the adaptive mechanisms of thermotolerance, implicated into systemic and cellular responses, including the immune system functionality, Heat Stress and Unfolded Protein Response. The markers made a promising set of results, as specific SNPs in five genes encoding for Heat Shock Proteins were significantly associated with thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalemkeridou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nanas
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Katerina Moutou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios S Amiridis
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Andreas Tsipourlianos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Dovolou
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zissis Mamuris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Giannoulis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Department of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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18
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Tiffner A, Hopl V, Derler I. CRAC and SK Channels: Their Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Cancer Cell Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010101. [PMID: 36612099 PMCID: PMC9817886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a major health burden worldwide. Several molecular targets have been discovered alongside treatments with positive clinical outcomes. However, the reoccurrence of cancer due to therapy resistance remains the primary cause of mortality. Endeavors in pinpointing new markers as molecular targets in cancer therapy are highly desired. The significance of the co-regulation of Ca2+-permeating and Ca2+-regulated ion channels in cancer cell development, proliferation, and migration make them promising molecular targets in cancer therapy. In particular, the co-regulation of the Orai1 and SK3 channels has been well-studied in breast and colon cancer cells, where it finally leads to an invasion-metastasis cascade. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered, such as which key molecular components determine and regulate their interplay. To provide a solid foundation for a better understanding of this ion channel co-regulation in cancer, we first shed light on the physiological role of Ca2+ and how this ion is linked to carcinogenesis. Then, we highlight the structure/function relationship of Orai1 and SK3, both individually and in concert, their role in the development of different types of cancer, and aspects that are not yet known in this context.
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19
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Lundregan SL, Mäkinen H, Buer A, Holand H, Jensen H, Husby A. Infection by a helminth parasite is associated with changes in
DNA
methylation in the house sparrow. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9539. [PMCID: PMC9702581 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Lundregan
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Hannu Mäkinen
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Amberly Buer
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Håkon Holand
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Arild Husby
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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20
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Liu H, Lin WY, Leibow SR, Morateck AJ, Ahuja M, Muallem S. TRPC3 channel gating by lipids requires localization at the ER/PM junctions defined by STIM1. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213134. [PMID: 35416932 PMCID: PMC9011324 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPC3, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels, is a lipid-regulated, Ca2+-permeable channel that mediates essential components of the receptor evoked Ca2+ signal. The modes and mechanisms by which lipids regulate TRPC3 and other members of the TRPC channel family are not well understood. Here, we report that PI(4,5)P2 regulates TRPC3 in three independent modes. PLC-dependent hydrolysis generates diacylglycerol (DAG) that interacts with lipid-binding site 2 in the channel pore. PI(4,5)P2 interacts with lipid site 1 to inhibit TRPC3 opening and regulate access of DAG to the pore lipid site 2. PI(4,5)P2 is required for regulating pore ionic selectivity by receptor stimulation. Notably, the activation and regulation of TRPC3 by PI(4,5)P2 require recruitment of TRPC3 to the ER/PM junctions at a PI(4,5)P2-rich domain. Accordingly, we identified an FFAT site at the TRPC3 N-terminal loop within the linker helices that envelope the C-terminus pole helix. The FFAT site interacts with the ER-resident VAPB to recruit TRPC3 to the ER/PM junctions and control its receptor-mediated activation. The TRPC3’s lipid interacting sites are fully conserved in TRPC6 and TRPC7 and in part in other TRPC channels. These findings inform on multiple modes of regulation of ion channels by lipids that may be relevant to diseases affected by aberrant TRPC channel functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wei-Yin Lin
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Spencer R Leibow
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexander J Morateck
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Malini Ahuja
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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21
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Derler I. Proteolysis of Orai1 controls cellular Ca2+ influx. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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22
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Maltan L, Andova AM, Derler I. The Role of Lipids in CRAC Channel Function. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030352. [PMID: 35327543 PMCID: PMC8944985 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and dynamics of the lipid membrane define the physical properties of the bilayer and consequently affect the function of the incorporated membrane transporters, which also applies for the prominent Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ ion channel (CRAC). This channel is activated by receptor-induced Ca2+ store depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and consists of two transmembrane proteins, STIM1 and Orai1. STIM1 is anchored in the ER membrane and senses changes in the ER luminal Ca2+ concentration. Orai1 is the Ca2+-selective, pore-forming CRAC channel component located in the plasma membrane (PM). Ca2+ store-depletion of the ER triggers activation of STIM1 proteins, which subsequently leads to a conformational change and oligomerization of STIM1 and its coupling to as well as activation of Orai1 channels at the ER-PM contact sites. Although STIM1 and Orai1 are sufficient for CRAC channel activation, their efficient activation and deactivation is fine-tuned by a variety of lipids and lipid- and/or ER-PM junction-dependent accessory proteins. The underlying mechanisms for lipid-mediated CRAC channel modulation as well as the still open questions, are presented in this review.
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23
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Munjal NS, Sapra D, Parthasarathi KTS, Goyal A, Pandey A, Banerjee M, Sharma J. Deciphering the Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins with Human Ion Channels Using Machine-Learning-Based Methods. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020259. [PMID: 35215201 PMCID: PMC8874499 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is accountable for the protracted COVID-19 pandemic. Its high transmission rate and pathogenicity led to health emergencies and economic crisis. Recent studies pertaining to the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited the indispensable role of ion channels in viral infection inside the host. Moreover, machine learning (ML)-based algorithms are providing a higher accuracy for host-SARS-CoV-2 protein–protein interactions (PPIs). In this study, PPIs of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with human ion channels (HICs) were trained on the PPI-MetaGO algorithm. PPI networks (PPINs) and a signaling pathway map of HICs with SARS-CoV-2 proteins were generated. Additionally, various U.S. food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drugs interacting with the potential HICs were identified. The PPIs were predicted with 82.71% accuracy, 84.09% precision, 84.09% sensitivity, 0.89 AUC-ROC, 65.17% Matthews correlation coefficient score (MCC) and 84.09% F1 score. Several host pathways were found to be altered, including calcium signaling and taste transduction pathway. Potential HICs could serve as an initial set to the experimentalists for further validation. The study also reinforces the drug repurposing approach for the development of host directed antiviral drugs that may provide a better therapeutic management strategy for infection caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur S. Munjal
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (N.S.M.); (D.S.); (K.T.S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Dikscha Sapra
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (N.S.M.); (D.S.); (K.T.S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - K. T. Shreya Parthasarathi
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (N.S.M.); (D.S.); (K.T.S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Abhishek Goyal
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (N.S.M.); (D.S.); (K.T.S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Manidipa Banerjee
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (N.S.M.); (D.S.); (K.T.S.P.); (A.G.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Udupi 576104, India
- Correspondence:
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24
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Polymodal Control of TMEM16x Channels and Scramblases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031580. [PMID: 35163502 PMCID: PMC8835819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The TMEM16A/anoctamin-1 calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) contributes to a range of vital functions, such as the control of vascular tone and epithelial ion transport. The channel is a founding member of a family of 10 proteins (TMEM16x) with varied functions; some members (i.e., TMEM16A and TMEM16B) serve as CaCCs, while others are lipid scramblases, combine channel and scramblase function, or perform additional cellular roles. TMEM16x proteins are typically activated by agonist-induced Ca2+ release evoked by Gq-protein-coupled receptor (GqPCR) activation; thus, TMEM16x proteins link Ca2+-signalling with cell electrical activity and/or lipid transport. Recent studies demonstrate that a range of other cellular factors—including plasmalemmal lipids, pH, hypoxia, ATP and auxiliary proteins—also control the activity of the TMEM16A channel and its paralogues, suggesting that the TMEM16x proteins are effectively polymodal sensors of cellular homeostasis. Here, we review the molecular pathophysiology, structural biology, and mechanisms of regulation of TMEM16x proteins by multiple cellular factors.
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25
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Patel AA, Sakurai A, Himmel NJ, Cox DN. Modality specific roles for metabotropic GABAergic signaling and calcium induced calcium release mechanisms in regulating cold nociception. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:942548. [PMID: 36157080 PMCID: PMC9502035 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.942548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a pivotal role in modulating neuronal-mediated responses to modality-specific sensory stimuli. Recent studies in Drosophila reveal class III (CIII) multidendritic (md) sensory neurons function as multimodal sensors regulating distinct behavioral responses to innocuous mechanical and nociceptive thermal stimuli. Functional analyses revealed CIII-mediated multimodal behavioral output is dependent upon activation levels with stimulus-evoked Ca2+ displaying relatively low vs. high intracellular levels in response to gentle touch vs. noxious cold, respectively. However, the mechanistic bases underlying modality-specific differential Ca2+ responses in CIII neurons remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that noxious cold-evoked high intracellular Ca2+ responses in CIII neurons may rely upon Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release (CICR) mechanisms involving transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and/or metabotropic G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation to promote cold nociceptive behaviors. Mutant and/or CIII-specific knockdown of GPCR and CICR signaling molecules [GABA B -R2, Gαq, phospholipase C, ryanodine receptor (RyR) and Inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)] led to impaired cold-evoked nociceptive behavior. GPCR mediated signaling, through GABA B -R2 and IP3R, is not required in CIII neurons for innocuous touch evoked behaviors. However, CICR via RyR is required for innocuous touch-evoked behaviors. Disruptions in GABA B -R2, IP3R, and RyR in CIII neurons leads to significantly lower levels of cold-evoked Ca2+ responses indicating GPCR and CICR signaling mechanisms function in regulating Ca2+ release. CIII neurons exhibit bipartite cold-evoked firing patterns, where CIII neurons burst during rapid temperature change and tonically fire during steady state cold temperatures. GABA B -R2 knockdown in CIII neurons resulted in disorganized firing patterns during cold exposure. We further demonstrate that application of GABA or the GABA B specific agonist baclofen potentiates cold-evoked CIII neuron activity. Upon ryanodine application, CIII neurons exhibit increased bursting activity and with CIII-specific RyR knockdown, there is an increase in cold-evoked tonic firing and decrease in bursting. Lastly, our previous studies implicated the TRPP channel Pkd2 in cold nociception, and here, we show that Pkd2 and IP3R genetically interact to specifically regulate cold-evoked behavior, but not innocuous mechanosensation. Collectively, these analyses support novel, modality-specific roles for metabotropic GABAergic signaling and CICR mechanisms in regulating intracellular Ca2+ levels and cold-evoked behavioral output from multimodal CIII neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atit A Patel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Akira Sakurai
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Himmel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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26
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Zomot E, Achildiev Cohen H, Dagan I, Militsin R, Palty R. Bidirectional regulation of calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel by SARAF. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212731. [PMID: 34705029 PMCID: PMC8562847 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) through the Ca2+ release–activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel is a central mechanism by which cells generate Ca2+ signals and mediate Ca2+-dependent gene expression. The molecular basis for CRAC channel regulation by the SOCE-associated regulatory factor (SARAF) remained insufficiently understood. Here we found that following ER Ca2+ depletion, SARAF facilitates a conformational change in the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 that relieves an activation constraint enforced by the STIM1 inactivation domain (ID; aa 475–483) and promotes initial activation of STIM1, its translocation to ER–plasma membrane junctions, and coupling to Orai1 channels. Following intracellular Ca2+ rise, cooperation between SARAF and the STIM1 ID controls CRAC channel slow Ca2+-dependent inactivation. We further show that in T lymphocytes, SARAF is required for proper T cell receptor evoked transcription. Taking all these data together, we uncover a dual regulatory role for SARAF during both activation and inactivation of CRAC channels and show that SARAF fine-tunes intracellular Ca2+ responses and downstream gene expression in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Zomot
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadas Achildiev Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Dagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruslana Militsin
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Raz Palty
- Department of Biochemistry, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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27
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Boccaccio A, Picco C, Di Zanni E, Scholz-Starke J. Phospholipid scrambling by a TMEM16 homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS J 2021; 289:2578-2592. [PMID: 34775680 PMCID: PMC9299152 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane asymmetry is important for cellular physiology and established by energy‐dependent unidirectional lipid translocases, which have diverse physiological functions in plants. By contrast, the role of phospholipid scrambling (PLS), the passive bidirectional lipid transfer leading to the break‐down of membrane asymmetry, is currently still unexplored. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains a single gene (At1g73020) with homology to the eukaryotic TMEM16 family of Ca2+‐activated phospholipid scramblases. Here, we investigated the protein function of this Arabidopsis homolog. Fluorescent AtTMEM16 fusions localized to the ER both in transiently expressing Arabidopsis protoplasts and HEK293 cells. A putative scrambling domain (SCRD) was identified on the basis of sequence conservation and conferred PLS to transfected HEK293 cells, when grafted into the backbone of the non‐scrambling plasma membrane‐localized TMEM16A chloride channel. Finally, AtTMEM16 ‘gain‐of‐function’ variants gave rise to cellular phenotypes typical of aberrant scramblase activity, which were reversed by the additional introduction of a ‘loss‐of‐function’ mutation into the SCRD. In conclusion, our data suggest AtTMEM16 works as an ER‐resident lipid scramblase in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boccaccio
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristiana Picco
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Zanni
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
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28
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Thiruvengadam G, Sreetama SC, Charton K, Hogarth M, Novak JS, Suel-Petat L, Chandra G, Allard B, Richard I, Jaiswal JK. Anoctamin 5 Knockout Mouse Model Recapitulates LGMD2L Muscle Pathology and Offers Insight Into in vivo Functional Deficits. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:S243-S255. [PMID: 34633328 PMCID: PMC8673513 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the Anoctamin 5 (Ano5) gene that result in the lack of expression or function of ANO5 protein, cause Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD) 2L/R12, and Miyoshi Muscular Dystrophy (MMD3). However, the dystrophic phenotype observed in patient muscles is not uniformly recapitulated by ANO5 knockout in animal models of LGMD2L. Here we describe the generation of a mouse model of LGMD2L generated by targeted out-of-frame deletion of the Ano5 gene. This model shows progressive muscle loss, increased muscle weakness, and persistent bouts of myofiber regeneration without chronic muscle inflammation, which recapitulates the mild to moderate skeletal muscle dystrophy reported in the LGMD2L patients. We show that these features of ANO5 deficient muscle are not associated with a change in the calcium-activated sarcolemmal chloride channel activity or compromised in vivo regenerative myogenesis. Use of this mouse model allows conducting in vivo investigations into the functional role of ANO5 in muscle health and for preclinical therapeutic development for LGMD2L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Thiruvengadam
- Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, MW Washington, DC
| | - Sen Chandra Sreetama
- Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, MW Washington, DC
| | - Karine Charton
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, University Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Marshall Hogarth
- Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, MW Washington, DC
| | - James S Novak
- Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, MW Washington, DC.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC
| | - Laurence Suel-Petat
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, University Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Goutam Chandra
- Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, MW Washington, DC
| | - Bruno Allard
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut NeuroMyoGene, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Généthon INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, University Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center of Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, MW Washington, DC.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC
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29
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Lenoir G, D'Ambrosio JM, Dieudonné T, Čopič A. Transport Pathways That Contribute to the Cellular Distribution of Phosphatidylserine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737907. [PMID: 34540851 PMCID: PMC8440936 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged phospholipid that displays a highly uneven distribution within cellular membranes, essential for establishment of cell polarity and other processes. In this review, we discuss how combined action of PS biosynthesis enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) acting within membrane contact sites (MCS) between the ER and other compartments, and lipid flippases and scramblases that mediate PS flip-flop between membrane leaflets controls the cellular distribution of PS. Enrichment of PS in specific compartments, in particular in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), requires input of energy, which can be supplied in the form of ATP or by phosphoinositides. Conversely, coupling between PS synthesis or degradation, PS flip-flop and PS transfer may enable PS transfer by passive flow. Such scenario is best documented by recent work on the formation of autophagosomes. The existence of lateral PS nanodomains, which is well-documented in the case of the PM and postulated for other compartments, can change the steepness or direction of PS gradients between compartments. Improvements in cellular imaging of lipids and membranes, lipidomic analysis of complex cellular samples, reconstitution of cellular lipid transport reactions and high-resolution structural data have greatly increased our understanding of cellular PS homeostasis. Our review also highlights how budding yeast has been instrumental for our understanding of the organization and transport of PS in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lenoir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juan Martín D'Ambrosio
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibaud Dieudonné
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alenka Čopič
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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30
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Wong AKO, Young BP, Loewen CJ. Ist2 recruits the lipid transporters Osh6/7 to ER-PM contacts to maintain phospholipid metabolism. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e201910161. [PMID: 34259806 PMCID: PMC8282664 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ER-plasma membrane (PM) contacts are proposed to be held together by distinct families of tethering proteins, which in yeast include the VAP homologues Scs2/22, the extended-synaptotagmin homologues Tcb1/2/3, and the TMEM16 homologue Ist2. It is unclear whether these tethers act redundantly or whether individual tethers have specific functions at contacts. Here, we show that Ist2 directly recruits the phosphatidylserine (PS) transport proteins and ORP family members Osh6 and Osh7 to ER-PM contacts through a binding site located in Ist2's disordered C-terminal tethering region. This interaction is required for phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) production by the PS decarboxylase Psd2, whereby PS transported from the ER to the PM by Osh6/7 is endocytosed to the site of Psd2 in endosomes/Golgi/vacuoles. This role for Ist2 and Osh6/7 in nonvesicular PS transport is specific, as other tethers/transport proteins do not compensate. Thus, we identify a molecular link between the ORP and TMEM16 families and a role for endocytosis of PS in PE synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher J.R. Loewen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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James C, Kehlenbach RH. The Interactome of the VAP Family of Proteins: An Overview. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071780. [PMID: 34359948 PMCID: PMC8306308 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS) are sites of close apposition of two organelles that help in lipid transport and synthesis, calcium homeostasis and several other biological processes. The VAMP-associated proteins (VAPs) VAPA, VAPB, MOSPD2 and the recently described MOSPD1 and MOSPD3 are tether proteins of MCSs that are mainly found at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). VAPs interact with various proteins with a motif called FFAT (two phenylalanines in an acidic tract), recruiting the associated organelle to the ER. In addition to the conventional FFAT motif, the recently described FFNT (two phenylalanines in a neutral tract) and phospho-FFAT motifs contribute to the interaction with VAPs. In this review, we summarize and compare the recent interactome studies described for VAPs, including in silico and proximity labeling methods. Collectively, the interaction repertoire of VAPs is very diverse and highlights the complexity of interactions mediated by the different FFAT motifs to the VAPs.
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32
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Petersen OH, Gerasimenko JV, Gerasimenko OV, Gryshchenko O, Peng S. The roles of calcium and ATP in the physiology and pathology of the exocrine pancreas. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1691-1744. [PMID: 33949875 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deals with the roles of calcium ions and ATP in the control of the normal functions of the different cell types in the exocrine pancreas as well as the roles of these molecules in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Repetitive rises in the local cytosolic calcium ion concentration in the apical part of the acinar cells not only activate exocytosis but also, via an increase in the intramitochondrial calcium ion concentration, stimulate the ATP formation that is needed to fuel the energy-requiring secretion process. However, intracellular calcium overload, resulting in a global sustained elevation of the cytosolic calcium ion concentration, has the opposite effect of decreasing mitochondrial ATP production, and this initiates processes that lead to necrosis. In the last few years it has become possible to image calcium signaling events simultaneously in acinar, stellate, and immune cells in intact lobules of the exocrine pancreas. This has disclosed processes by which these cells interact with each other, particularly in relation to the initiation and development of acute pancreatitis. By unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease, several promising therapeutic intervention sites have been identified. This provides hope that we may soon be able to effectively treat this often fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole H Petersen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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33
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Kolesnikov D, Perevoznikova A, Gusev K, Glushankova L, Kaznacheyeva E, Shalygin A. Electrophysiological Properties of Endogenous Single Ca 2+ Activated Cl - Channels Induced by Local Ca 2+ Entry in HEK293. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4767. [PMID: 33946319 PMCID: PMC8124839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdomains formed by proteins of endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane play a key role in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Ca2+ release through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and subsequent Ca2+ store depletion activate STIM (stromal interaction molecules) proteins, sensors of intraluminal Ca2+, which, in turn, open the Orai channels in plasma membrane. Downstream to this process could be activated TRPC (transient receptor potential-canonical) calcium permeable channels. Using single channel patch-clamp technique we found that a local Ca2+ entry through TRPC1 channels activated endogenous Ca2+-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) with properties similar to Anoctamin6 (TMEM16F). Our data suggest that their outward rectification is based on the dependence from membrane potential of both the channel conductance and the channel activity: (1) The conductance of active CaCCs highly depends on the transmembrane potential (from 3 pS at negative potentials till 60 pS at positive potentials); (2) their activity (NPo) is enhanced with increasing Ca2+ concentration and/or transmembrane potential, conversely lowering of intracellular Ca2+ concentration reduced the open state dwell time; (3) CaCC amplitude is only slightly increased by intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Experiments with Ca2+ buffering by EGTA or BAPTA suggest close local arrangement of functional CaCCs and TRPC1 channels. It is supposed that Ca2+-activated chloride channels are involved in Ca2+ entry microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elena Kaznacheyeva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.K.); (A.P.); (K.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Alexey Shalygin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.K.); (A.P.); (K.G.); (L.G.)
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34
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Crul T, Maléth J. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites as an Organizing Principle for Compartmentalized Calcium and cAMP Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4703. [PMID: 33946838 PMCID: PMC8124356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, ultimate specificity in activation and action-for example, by means of second messengers-of the myriad of signaling cascades is primordial. In fact, versatile and ubiquitous second messengers, such as calcium (Ca2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), regulate multiple-sometimes opposite-cellular functions in a specific spatiotemporal manner. Cells achieve this through segregation of the initiators and modulators to specific plasma membrane (PM) subdomains, such as lipid rafts and caveolae, as well as by dynamic close contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and other intracellular organelles, including the PM. Especially, these membrane contact sites (MCSs) are currently receiving a lot of attention as their large influence on cell signaling regulation and cell physiology is increasingly appreciated. Depletion of ER Ca2+ stores activates ER membrane STIM proteins, which activate PM-residing Orai and TRPC Ca2+ channels at ER-PM contact sites. Within the MCS, Ca2+ fluxes relay to cAMP signaling through highly interconnected networks. However, the precise mechanisms of MCS formation and the influence of their dynamic lipid environment on their functional maintenance are not completely understood. The current review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding and to identify open questions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Crul
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
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35
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ANO7: Insights into topology, function, and potential applications as a biomarker and immunotherapy target. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101546. [PMID: 33940566 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anoctamin 7 (ANO7) is a member of the transmembrane protein TMEM16 family. It has a conservative topology similar to other members in this family, such as the typical eight-transmembrane domain, but it also has unique features. Although the ion channel role of ANO7 has been well accepted, evolutionary analyses and relevant studies suggest that ANO7 may be a multi-facet protein in function. Studies have shown that ANO7 may also function as a scramblase. ANO7 is highly expressed in prostate cancer as well as normal prostate tissues. A considerable amount of evidence has confirmed that ANO7 is associated with human physiology and pathology, particularly with the development of prostate cancer, which makes ANO7 a good candidate as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. In addition, ANO7 may be a potential target for prostate cancer immunotherapy. Antibody-based or T cell-mediated immunotherapies against prostate cancer by targeting ANO7 have been highly anticipated. ANO7 may also correlate with several other types of cancers or diseases, where further studies are warranted.
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The Groovy TMEM16 Family: Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Scrambling and Ion Conduction. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166941. [PMID: 33741412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The TMEM16 family of membrane proteins displays a remarkable functional dichotomy - while some family members function as Ca2+-activated anion channels, the majority of characterized TMEM16 homologs are Ca2+-activated lipid scramblases, which catalyze the exchange of phospholipids between the two membrane leaflets. Furthermore, some TMEM16 scramblases can also function as channels. Due to their involvement in important physiological processes, the family has been actively studied ever since their molecular identity was unraveled. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in the field and how they influenced our view of TMEM16 family function and evolution. Structural, functional and computational studies reveal how relatively small rearrangements in the permeation pathway are responsible for the observed functional duality: while TMEM16 scramblases can adopt both ion- and lipid conductive conformations, TMEM16 channels can only populate the former. Recent data further provides the molecular details of a stepwise activation mechanism, which is initiated by Ca2+ binding and modulated by various cellular factors, including lipids. TMEM16 function and the surrounding membrane properties are inextricably intertwined, with the protein inducing bilayer deformations associated with scrambling, while the surrounding lipids modulate TMEM16 conformation and activity.
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Grigoriev VV. [Calcium-activated chloride channels: structure, properties, role in physiological and pathological processes]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2021; 67:17-33. [PMID: 33645519 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216701017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-activated chloride channels (CaCC) are a class of intracellular calcium activated chloride channels that mediate numerous physiological functions. In 2008, the molecular structure of CaCC was determined. CaCC are formed by the protein known as anoctamine 1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A). CaCC mediates the secretion of Cl- in secretory epithelia, such as the airways, salivary glands, intestines, renal tubules, and sweat glands. The presence of CaCC has also been recognized in the vascular muscles, smooth muscles of the respiratory tract, which control vascular tone and hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract. TMEM16A is activated in many cancers; it is believed that TMEM16A is involved in carcinogenesis. TMEM16A is also involved in cancer cells proliferation. The role of TMEM16A in the mechanisms of hypertension, asthma, cystic fibrosis, nociception, and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract has been determined. In addition to TMEM16A, its isoforms are involved in other physiological and pathophysiological processes. TMEM16B (or ANO2) is involved in the sense of smell, while ANO6 works like scramblase, and its mutation causes a rare bleeding disorder, known as Scott syndrome. ANO5 is associated with muscle and bone diseases. TMEM16A interacts with various cellular signaling pathways including: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), calmodulin (CaM) kinases, transforming growth factor TGF-β. The review summarizes existing information on known natural and synthetic compounds that can block/modulate CaCC currents and their effect on some pathologies in which CaCC is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Grigoriev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Li C, Qian T, He R, Wan C, Liu Y, Yu H. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites: Regulators, Mechanisms, and Physiological Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:627700. [PMID: 33614657 PMCID: PMC7889955 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.627700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms direct membrane contact sites with the plasma membrane (PM) in eukaryotic cells. These ER-PM contact sites play essential roles in lipid homeostasis, ion dynamics, and cell signaling, which are carried out by protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions. Distinct tethering factors dynamically control the architecture of ER-PM junctions in response to intracellular signals or external stimuli. The physiological roles of ER-PM contact sites are dependent on a variety of regulators that individually or cooperatively perform functions in diverse cellular processes. This review focuses on proteins functioning at ER-PM contact sites and highlights the recent progress in their mechanisms and physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyue He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Wang WA, Demaurex N. Proteins Interacting with STIM1 and Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:51-97. [PMID: 34050862 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) interacts with ORAI Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane to regulate immune and muscle cell function. The conformational changes underlying STIM1 activation, translocation, and ORAI1 trapping and gating, are stringently regulated by post-translational modifications and accessory proteins. Here, we review the recent progress in the identification and characterization of ER and cytosolic proteins interacting with STIM1 to control its activation and deactivation during store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-An Wang
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Lin S, Meng T, Huang H, Zhuang H, He Z, Yang H, Feng D. Molecular machineries and physiological relevance of ER-mediated membrane contacts. Theranostics 2021; 11:974-995. [PMID: 33391516 PMCID: PMC7738843 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are defined as regions where two organelles are closely apposed, and most MCSs associated with each other via protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions. A number of key molecular machinery systems participate in mediating substance exchange and signal transduction, both of which are essential processes in terms of cellular physiology and pathophysiology. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest reticulum network within the cell and has extensive communication with other cellular organelles, including the plasma membrane (PM), mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes and lipid droplets (LDs). The contacts and reactions between them are largely mediated by various protein tethers and lipids. Ions, lipids and even proteins can be transported between the ER and neighboring organelles or recruited to the contact site to exert their functions. This review focuses on the key molecules involved in the formation of different contact sites as well as their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Lin
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haofeng Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410021, China
| | - Du Feng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
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Kubozono K, Mizuta K, Fujimoto S, Tran TT, Kamata N, Tobiume K. Dysferlin-deficient myotubes show tethering of different membrane compartments characterized by TMEM16E and DHPRα. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:720-725. [PMID: 32736698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TMEM16E deficiency has been shown to be responsible for human limb-girdle muscular dystrophy LGMD2L. We found that endogenous TMEM16E co-localized with caveolin-3 at cytoplasmic vesicular compartments in a myotube from C2C12 cells (C2C12 myotube) without forming a molecular complex. In contrast, a myotube from murine myoblastic dysferlin-deficient GREG cells (GREG myotube) showed not only co-localization but also constitutive association of caveolin-3 and TMEM16E. GREG myotubes also displayed constitutive association of TMEM16E with DHPRα, which reside in different membrane compartments, indicating increased contact of the different vesicular membrane compartments. Τhese results suggest that a dynamic tethering of different membrane compartments might represent a distorted membrane damage repairing process in the absence of dysferlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Kubozono
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Oral Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center, Kure, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Kuniko Mizuta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Department of Oral Surgery, Ohchi Municipal Hospital, Ohchi, 696-0193, Japan
| | - Ta To Tran
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Ho Chi Minh City Medicine and Pharmacy University, 652 Nguyen Trai, District 5 HoChiMin, Viet Nam
| | - Nobuyuki Kamata
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kei Tobiume
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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Balla T, Gulyas G, Kim YJ, Pemberton J. PHOSPHOINOSITIDES AND CALCIUM SIGNALING. A MARRIAGE ARRANGED IN ER-PM CONTACT SITES. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 17:149-157. [PMID: 32944676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions are critically important in orchestrating countless regulatory processes in eukaryotic cells. Consequently, cells tightly control cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations using a complex array of Ca2+-selective ion channels, transporters, and signaling effectors. Ca2+ transport through various cellular membranes is highly dependent on the intrinsic properties of specific membrane compartments and conversely, local Ca2+ changes have profound effects on the membrane lipid composition of such membrane sub-domains. In particular, inositol phospholipids are a minor class of phospholipids that play pivotal roles in the control of Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways. In this review, we will highlight some of the recent advances in this field as well as their impact in defining future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gergo Gulyas
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yeun Ju Kim
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joshua Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Petkovic M, Oses-Prieto J, Burlingame A, Jan LY, Jan YN. TMEM16K is an interorganelle regulator of endosomal sorting. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3298. [PMID: 32620747 PMCID: PMC7335067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between organelles is essential for their cellular homeostasis. Neurodegeneration reflects the declining ability of neurons to maintain cellular homeostasis over a lifetime, where the endolysosomal pathway plays a prominent role by regulating protein and lipid sorting and degradation. Here we report that TMEM16K, an endoplasmic reticulum lipid scramblase causative for spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAR10), is an interorganelle regulator of the endolysosomal pathway. We identify endosomal transport as a major functional cluster of TMEM16K in proximity biotinylation proteomics analyses. TMEM16K forms contact sites with endosomes, reconstituting split-GFP with the small GTPase RAB7. Our study further implicates TMEM16K lipid scrambling activity in endosomal sorting at these sites. Loss of TMEM16K function led to impaired endosomal retrograde transport and neuromuscular function, one of the symptoms of SCAR10. Thus, TMEM16K-containing ER-endosome contact sites represent clinically relevant platforms for regulating endosomal sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Petkovic
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alma Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Rossini M, Pizzo P, Filadi R. Better to keep in touch: investigating inter‐organelle cross‐talk. FEBS J 2020; 288:740-755. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua Padua Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua Padua Italy
- Neuroscience Institute National Research Council (CNR) Padua Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua Padua Italy
- Neuroscience Institute National Research Council (CNR) Padua Italy
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Targeting of Intracellular TMEM16 Proteins to the Plasma Membrane and Activation by Purinergic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114065. [PMID: 32517157 PMCID: PMC7312528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoctamins such as TMEM16A and TMEM16B are Ca2+-dependent Cl− channels activated through purinergic receptor signaling. TMEM16A (ANO1), TMEM16B (ANO2) and TMEM16F (ANO6) are predominantly expressed at the plasma membrane and are therefore well accessible for functional studies. While TMEM16A and TMEM16B form halide-selective ion channels, TMEM16F and probably TMEM16E operate as phospholipid scramblases and nonselective ion channels. Other TMEM16 paralogs are expressed mainly in intracellular compartments and are therefore difficult to study at the functional level. Here, we report that TMEM16E (ANO5), -H (ANO8), -J (ANO9) and K (ANO10) are targeted to the plasma membrane when fused to a C-terminal CAAX (cysteine, two aliphatic amino acids plus methionin, serine, alanin, cystein or glutamin) motif. These paralogs produce Ca2+-dependent ion channels. Surprisingly, expression of the TMEM16 paralogs in the plasma membrane did not produce additional scramblase activity. In contrast, endogenous scrambling induced by stimulation of purinergic P2X7 receptors was attenuated, in parallel with reduced plasma membrane blebbing. This could suggest that intracellular TMEM16 paralogs operate differently when compared to plasma membrane-localized TMEM16F, and may even stabilize intracellular membranes. Alternatively, CAAX tagging, which leads to expression in non-raft compartments of the plasma membrane, may antagonize phosphatidylserine exposure by endogenous raft-located TMEM16F. CAAX-containing constructs may be useful to further investigate the molecular properties of intracellular TMEM16 proteins.
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D'Ambrosio JM, Albanèse V, Lipp NF, Fleuriot L, Debayle D, Drin G, Čopič A. Osh6 requires Ist2 for localization to ER-PM contacts and efficient phosphatidylserine transport in budding yeast. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.243733. [PMID: 32327560 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osh6 and Osh7 are lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) that move phosphatidylserine (PS) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane (PM). High PS levels at the PM are key for many cellular functions. Intriguingly, Osh6 and Osh7 localize to ER-PM contact sites, although they lack membrane-targeting motifs, in contrast to multidomain LTPs that both bridge membranes and convey lipids. We show that Osh6 localization to contact sites depends on its interaction with the cytosolic tail of the ER-PM tether Ist2, a homolog of TMEM16 proteins. We identify a motif in the Ist2 tail, conserved in yeasts, as the Osh6-binding region, and we map an Ist2-binding surface on Osh6. Mutations in the Ist2 tail phenocopy osh6Δ osh7Δ deletion: they decrease cellular PS levels and block PS transport to the PM. Our study unveils an unexpected partnership between a TMEM16-like protein and a soluble LTP, which together mediate lipid transport at contact sites.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Véronique Albanèse
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas-Frédéric Lipp
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS and Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Lucile Fleuriot
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS and Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Delphine Debayle
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS and Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Guillaume Drin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS and Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Alenka Čopič
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006, Paris, France
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Park JH, Ousingsawat J, Cabrita I, Bettels RE, Große-Onnebrink J, Schmalstieg C, Biskup S, Reunert J, Rust S, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K, Marquardt T. TMEM16A deficiency: a potentially fatal neonatal disease resulting from impaired chloride currents. J Med Genet 2020; 58:247-253. [PMID: 32487539 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TMEM16A is a calcium-activated chloride channel expressed in various secretory epithelia. Two siblings presented in early infancy with reduced intestinal peristalsis and recurrent episodes of haemorrhagic diarrhoea. In one of them, the episodes were characterised by hepatic pneumatosis with gas bubbles in the portal vein similar to necrotising enterocolitis of the newborn. METHODS Exome sequencing identified a homozygous truncating pathogenic variant in ANO1. Expression analysis was performed using reverse transcription PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Electrophysiological and cell biological studies were employed to characterise the effects on ion transport both in patient respiratory epithelial cells and in transfected HEK293 cells. RESULTS The identified variant led to TMEM16A dysfunction, which resulted in abolished calcium-activated Cl- currents. Secondarily, CFTR function is affected due to the close interplay between both channels without inducing cystic fibrosis (CF). CONCLUSION TMEM16A deficiency is a potentially fatal disorder caused by abolished calcium-activated Cl- currents in secretory epithelia. Secondary impairment of CFTR function did not cause a CF phenotyp, which may have implications for CF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien H Park
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | | | - Inês Cabrita
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Ruth E Bettels
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Jörg Große-Onnebrink
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmalstieg
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | | | - Janine Reunert
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rust
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
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Gan Z, Yuan J, Liu X, Dong D, Li F, Li X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of deep- and shallow-water barnacle species (Cirripedia, Poecilasmatidae) provides insights into deep-sea adaptation of sessile crustaceans. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:240. [PMID: 32183697 PMCID: PMC7077169 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barnacles are specialized marine organisms that differ from other crustaceans in possession of a calcareous shell, which is attached to submerged surfaces. Barnacles have a wide distribution, mostly in the intertidal zone and shallow waters, but a few species inhabit the deep-sea floor. It is of interest to investigate how such sessile crustaceans became adapted to extreme deep-sea environments. We sequenced the transcriptomes of a deep-sea barnacle, Glyptelasma gigas collected at a depth of 731 m from the northern area of the Zhongjiannan Basin, and a shallow-water coordinal relative, Octolasmis warwicki. The purpose of this study was to provide genetic resources for investigating adaptation mechanisms of deep-sea barnacles. RESULTS Totals of 62,470 and 51,585 unigenes were assembled for G. gigas and O. warwicki, respectively, and functional annotation of these unigenes was made using public databases. Comparison of the protein-coding genes between the deep- and shallow-water barnacles, and with those of four other shallow-water crustaceans, revealed 26 gene families that had experienced significant expansion in G. gigas. Functional annotation showed that these expanded genes were predominately related to DNA repair, signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolism. Base substitution analysis on the 11,611 single-copy orthologs between G. gigas and O. warwicki indicated that 25 of them were distinctly positive selected in the deep-sea barnacle, including genes related to transcription, DNA repair, ligand binding, ion channels and energy metabolism, potentially indicating their importance for survival of G. gigas in the deep-sea environment. CONCLUSIONS The barnacle G. gigas has adopted strategies of expansion of specific gene families and of positive selection of key genes to counteract the negative effects of high hydrostatic pressure, hypoxia, low temperature and food limitation on the deep-sea floor. These expanded gene families and genes under positive selection would tend to enhance the capacities of G. gigas for signal transduction, genetic information processing and energy metabolism, and facilitate networks for perceiving and responding physiologically to the environmental conditions in deep-sea habitats. In short, our results provide genomic evidence relating to deep-sea adaptation of G. gigas, which provide a basis for further biological studies of sessile crustaceans in the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Gan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinming Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xinzheng Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contacts: Principals of phosphoinositide and calcium signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 63:125-134. [PMID: 32088611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms an extensive network of membrane contact sites with intra-cellular organelles and the plasma membrane (PM). Interorganelle contacts have vital roles in membrane lipid and ion dynamics. In particular, ER-PM contacts are integral to numerous inter-cellular and intra-cellular signaling pathways including phosphoinositide lipid and calcium signaling, mechanotransduction, metabolic regulation, and cell stress responses. Accordingly, ER-PM contacts serve important signaling functions in excitable cells including neurons and muscle and endocrine cells. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the vital roles for ER-PM contacts in phosphoinositide and calcium signaling and how signaling pathways in turn regulate proteins that form and function at ER-PM contacts.
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Cabrita I, Benedetto R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Niclosamide repurposed for the treatment of inflammatory airway disease. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128414. [PMID: 31391337 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory airway diseases, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are characterized by mucus hypersecretion and airway plugging. In both CF and asthma, enhanced expression of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel TMEM16A is detected in mucus-producing club/goblet cells and airway smooth muscle. TMEM16A contributes to mucus hypersecretion and bronchoconstriction, which are both inhibited by blockers of TMEM16A, such as niflumic acid. Here we demonstrate that the FDA-approved drug niclosamide, a potent inhibitor of TMEM16A identified by high-throughput screening, is an inhibitor of both TMEM16A and TMEM16F. In asthmatic mice, niclosamide reduced mucus production and secretion, as well as bronchoconstriction, and showed additional antiinflammatory effects. Using transgenic asthmatic mice, we found evidence that TMEM16A and TMEM16F are required for normal mucus production/secretion, which may be due to their effects on intracellular Ca2+ signaling. TMEM16A and TMEM16F support exocytic release of mucus and inflammatory mediators, both of which are blocked by niclosamide. Thus, inhibition of mucus and cytokine release, bronchorelaxation, and reported antibacterial effects make niclosamide a potentially suitable drug for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases, such as CF, asthma, and COPD.
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