1
|
Li X, Meng F, Wang H, Sun L, Chang S, Li G, Chen F. Iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation: implication of ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1319969. [PMID: 38274225 PMCID: PMC10808879 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1319969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of controlled cell death caused by lipid peroxidation, which results in the rupture of the cell membrane. ferroptosis has been repeatedly demonstrated over the past ten years to be a significant factor in a number of diseases. The liver is a significant iron storage organ, thus ferroptosis will have great potential in the treatment of liver diseases. Ferroptosis is particularly prevalent in HCC. In the opening section of this article, we give a general summary of the pertinent molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and associated characteristics of ferroptosis. The primary regulating mechanisms during ferroptosis are then briefly discussed, and we conclude by summarizing the development of a number of novel therapeutic strategies used to treat HCC in recent years. Ferroptosis is a crucial strategy for the treatment of HCC and offers new perspectives on the treatment of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medicine Imaging, Jinan, China
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fanguang Meng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medicine Imaging, Jinan, China
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hankang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medicine Imaging, Jinan, China
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medicine Imaging, Jinan, China
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shulin Chang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medicine Imaging, Jinan, China
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guijie Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medicine Imaging, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medicine Imaging, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen J, Liang J, Rejiepu M, Yuan P, Xiang J, Guo Y, Xiaokereti J, Zhang L, Tang B. Identification of a Novel Target Implicated in Chronic Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Atrial Fibrillation by Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Proteome. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5677-5695. [PMID: 38050561 PMCID: PMC10693830 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s438701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify a newly identified target involved in atrial fibrillation (AF) linked to chronic obstructive sleep apnea (COSA) through an integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome. Methods Fifteen beagle canines were randomly assigned to three groups: control (CON), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and OSA with superior left ganglionated plexi ablation (OSA+GP). A COSA model was established by intermittently obstructing the endotracheal cannula during exhalation for 12 weeks. Left parasternal thoracotomy through the fourth intercostal space allowed for superior left ganglionated plexi (SLGP) ablation. In vivo open-chest electrophysiological programmed stimulation was performed to assess AF inducibility. Histological, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses were conducted on atrial samples. Results After 12 weeks, the OSA group exhibited increased AF inducibility and longer AF durations compared to the CON group. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified 2422 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1194 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between OSA and CON groups, as well as between OSA+GP and OSA groups (1850 DEGs and 1418 DEPs). The analysis revealed that differentially regulated DEGs were primarily enriched in mitochondrial biological processes in the CON-vs.-OSA and OSA-vs.-GP comparisons. Notably, the key regulatory molecule GSTZ1 was activated in OSA and inhibited by GP ablation. Conclusion These findings suggest that GSTZ1 may play a pivotal role in mitochondrial damage, triggering AF substrate formation, and increasing susceptibility to AF in the context of COSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqing Liang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manzeremu Rejiepu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yankai Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiasuoer Xiaokereti
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stacpoole PW. Clinical physiology and pharmacology of GSTZ1/MAAI. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115818. [PMID: 37742772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein I summarize the physiological chemistry and pharmacology of the bifunctional enzyme glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1)/ maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI) relevant to human physiology, drug metabolism and disease. MAAI is integral to the catabolism of the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MAAI can be pathological in animals. However, to date, no clinical disease consequences are unequivocally attributable to inborn errors of this enzyme. MAAI is identical to the zeta 1 family isoform of GST, which biotransforms the investigational drug dichloroacetate (DCA) to the endogenous compound glyoxylate. DCA is a mechanism-based inhibitor of GSTZ1 that significantly reduces its rate of metabolism and increases accumulation of potentially harmful tyrosine intermediates and of the heme precursor δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA). GSTZ1 is most abundant in rodent and human liver, with its concentration several fold higher in cytoplasm than in mitochondria. Its activity and protein expression are dependent on the age of the host and the intracellular level of chloride ions. Gene association studies have linked GSTZ1 or its protein product to various physiological traits and pathologies. Haplotype variations in GSTZ1 influence the rate of DCA metabolism, enabling a genotyping strategy to allow potentially safe, precision-based drug dosing in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo H, Wang Q, Yang F, Liu R, Gao Q, Cheng B, Lin X, Huang L, Chen C, Xiang J, Wang K, Qin B, Tang N. Signaling metabolite succinylacetone activates HIF-1α and promotes angiogenesis in GSTZ1-deficient hepatocellular carcinoma. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164968. [PMID: 37906252 PMCID: PMC10896004 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with tumor growth, progression, and local or distant metastasis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that plays a major role in regulating angiogenesis during adaptation of tumor cells to nutrient-deprived microenvironments. Genetic defects in Krebs cycle enzymes, such as succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate hydratase, result in elevation of oncometabolites succinate and fumarate, thereby increasing HIF-1α stability and activating the HIF-1α signaling pathway. However, whether other metabolites regulate HIF-1α stability remains unclear. Here, we reported that deficiency of the enzyme in phenylalanine/tyrosine catabolism, glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), led to accumulation of succinylacetone, which was structurally similar to α-ketoglutarate. Succinylacetone competed with α-ketoglutarate for prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) binding and inhibited PHD2 activity, preventing hydroxylation of HIF-1α, thus resulting in its stabilization and consequent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our findings suggest that GSTZ1 may serve as an important tumor suppressor owing to its ability to inhibit the HIF-1α/VEGFA axis in HCC. Moreover, we explored the therapeutic potential of HIF-1α inhibitor combined with anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 therapy to effectively prevent HCC angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in Gstz1-knockout mice, suggesting a potentially actionable strategy for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huating Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Qiujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital; and
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Bin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Xue Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Luyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Galal MA, Alouch SS, Alsultan BS, Dahman H, Alyabis NA, Alammar SA, Aljada A. Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Insulin Growth Factor-like Receptors: Implications in Cell Signaling, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15006. [PMID: 37834454 PMCID: PMC10573852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in the context of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway. This elaborate system encompasses ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, giving rise to a wide array of functions, including aspects such as carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Detailed genetic analysis of IR and IGFR structures highlights their distinct isoforms, which arise from alternative splicing and exhibit diverse affinities for ligands. Notably, the overexpression of the IR-A isoform is linked to cancer stemness, tumor development, and resistance to targeted therapies. Similarly, elevated IGFR expression accelerates tumor progression and fosters chemoresistance. The review underscores the intricate interplay between IRs and IGFRs, contributing to resistance against anti-IGFR drugs. Consequently, the dual targeting of both receptors could present a more effective strategy for surmounting chemoresistance. To conclude, this review brings to light the pivotal roles played by IRs and IGFRs in cellular signaling, carcinogenesis, and therapy resistance. By precisely modulating these receptors and their complex signaling pathways, the potential emerges for developing enhanced anti-cancer interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Samhar Samer Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthainah Saad Alsultan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdullah Alyabis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ammar Alammar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qi Z, Qi X, Xu Y, Sun H, Li D, Liu J, Cong M, Liu T. Alterations in the "Gut-Liver Axis" on Rats with Immunological Hepatic Fibrosis. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5577850. [PMID: 37781475 PMCID: PMC10539088 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5577850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There remains a lack of standard models that have all the characteristics of human diseases. Especially in immunological hepatic fibrosis, the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-induced liver fibrosis models have the same developmental mechanisms as human liver fibrosis models, but have received little attention. We standardized a BSA-induced liver fibrosis model in rats and thoroughly assessed its pathological characteristics. We also used 16S sequencing to assess homeostasis of the intestinal microflora of rats with BSA-induced liver fibrosis and detected various differential metabolites in the serum of these rats using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). We observed stable and unambiguous histological changes in liver tissue morphology and remarkably high concentrations of inflammatory markers in the serum of BSA-induced liver fibrosis rats. In keeping with the fact that BSA induction can cause gut microbiota disorders in rats. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of rat serum samples in positive-ion mode and negative-ion mode revealed 17 and 25 differential metabolites, respectively. Network analysis revealed that phenylalanine or tyrosine metabolites (e.g., PAGln) were the predominant metabolites in the sera of BSA-induced liver fibrosis rats. Taken together, our results suggest that disorders of amino acid metabolism caused by the gut microbiota may play an important role in the progression of immunological hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyao Qi
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinxin Qi
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuanhui Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hongguang Sun
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jincun Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Meili Cong
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye Q, Liu Y, Zhang G, Deng H, Wang X, Tuo L, Chen C, Pan X, Wu K, Fan J, Pan Q, Wang K, Huang A, Tang N. Deficiency of gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 promotes metabolic-associated fatty liver disease through PI3K/AKT/PDGF axis activation in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1402. [PMID: 36918564 PMCID: PMC10015095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of hepatic disorders, including steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. We demonstrated that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) plays a central role in MAFLD progression. Male mice with liver Pck1 deficiency fed a normal diet displayed hepatic lipid disorder and liver injury, whereas fibrosis and inflammation were aggravated in mice fed a high-fat diet with drinking water containing fructose and glucose (HFCD-HF/G). Forced expression of hepatic PCK1 by adeno-associated virus ameliorated MAFLD in male mice. PCK1 deficiency stimulated lipogenic gene expression and lipid synthesis. Moreover, loss of hepatic PCK1 activated the RhoA/PI3K/AKT pathway by increasing intracellular GTP levels, increasing secretion of platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA), and promoting hepatic stellate cell activation. Treatment with RhoA and AKT inhibitors or gene silencing of RhoA or AKT1 alleviated MAFLD progression in vivo. Hepatic PCK1 deficiency may be important in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis development through paracrine secretion of PDGF-AA in male mice, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy for MAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liao Y, Chin Chan S, Welsh EA, Fang B, Sun L, Schönbrunn E, Koomen JM, Duckett DR, Haura EB, Monastyrskyi A, Rix U. Chemical Proteomics with Novel Fully Functionalized Fragments and Stringent Target Prioritization Identifies the Glutathione-Dependent Isomerase GSTZ1 as a Lung Cancer Target. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:251-264. [PMID: 36630201 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoreactive fragment-like probes have been applied to discover target proteins that constitute novel cellular vulnerabilities and to identify viable chemical hits for drug discovery. Through forming covalent bonds, functionalized probes can achieve stronger target engagement and require less effort for on-target mechanism validation. However, the design of probe libraries, which directly affects the biological target space that is interrogated, and effective target prioritization remain critical challenges of such a chemical proteomic platform. In this study, we designed and synthesized a diverse panel of 20 fragment-based probes containing natural product-based privileged structural motifs for small-molecule lead discovery. These probes were fully functionalized with orthogonal diazirine and alkyne moieties and used for protein crosslinking in live lung cancer cells, target enrichment via "click chemistry," and subsequent target identification through label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Pair-wise comparison with a blunted negative control probe and stringent prioritization via individual cross-comparisons against the entire panel identified glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) as a specific and unique target candidate. DepMap database query, RNA interference-based gene silencing, and proteome-wide tyrosine reactivity profiling suggested that GSTZ1 cooperated with different oncogenic alterations by supporting survival signaling in refractory non-small cell lung cancer cells. This finding may form the basis for developing novel GSTZ1 inhibitors to improve the therapeutic efficacy of oncogene-directed targeted drugs. In summary, we designed a novel fragment-based probe panel and developed a target prioritization scheme with improved stringency, which allows for the identification of unique target candidates, such as GSTZ1 in refractory lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Sean Chin Chan
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Cancer Chemical Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Eric A Welsh
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Luxin Sun
- Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Derek R Duckett
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Andrii Monastyrskyi
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu H, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Zhao L. Glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 alters the HMGB1/GPX4 axis to drive ferroptosis in bladder cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231161606. [PMID: 36905252 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231161606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ability of glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) to modulate homeostasis of cellular redox and induce ferroptosis was explored in bladder cancer cells, and the involvement of the high mobility group protein 1/glutathione peroxidase 4 (HMGB1/GPX4) in these effects was studied. METHODS BIU-87 cells stably overexpressing GSTZ1 were transfected with appropriate plasmids to deplete HMGB1 or overexpress GPX4, then treated with deferoxamine and ferrostatin-1. Antiproliferative effects were assessed by quantifying levels of ferroptosis markers, such as iron, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), GPX4, transferrin, and ferritin. RESULTS GSTZ1 was significantly downregulated in bladder cancer cells. GSTZ1 overexpression downregulated GPX4 and GSH, while greatly increasing levels of iron, MDA, ROS, and transferrin. GSTZ1 overexpression also decreased proliferation of BIU-87 cells and activated HMGB1/GPX4 signaling. The effects of GSTZ1 on ferroptosis and proliferation were antagonized by HMGB1 knockdown or GPX4 overexpression. CONCLUSION GSTZ1 induces ferroptotic cell death and alters cellular redox homeostasis in bladder cancer cells, and these effects involve activation of the HMGB1/GPX4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, 584878Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qitian Chen
- Department of Oncology, 584878Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, 584878Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Department of Oncology, 584878Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao Q, Cheng B, Chen C, Lei C, Lin X, Nie D, Li J, Huang L, Li X, Wang K, Huang A, Tang N. Dysregulated glucuronic acid metabolism exacerbates hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis through the TGFβ signalling pathway. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e995. [PMID: 35979621 PMCID: PMC9386326 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucuronic acid metabolism participates in cellular detoxification, extracellular matrix remodeling and cell adhesion and migration. Here, we aimed to explore the crosstalk between dysregulated glucuronic acid metabolism and crucial metastatic signalling in glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1)-deficient hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Transwell, HCC xenograft and Gstz1-/- mouse models were used to examine the role of GSTZ1 in HCC metastasis. Non-targeted and targeted metabolomics and global transcriptomic analyses were performed to screen significantly altered metabolic and signalling pathways in GSTZ1 overexpressing hepatoma cells. Further, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, Biotin-RNA pull-down, mRNA decay assays and luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the interaction between RNA and RNA-binding proteins. RESULTS GSTZ1 was universally silenced in both human and murine HCC cells, and its deficiency contributed to HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH)-mediated UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) accumulation promoted hepatoma cell migration upon GSTZ1 loss. UDP-GlcUA stabilized TGFβR1 mRNA by enhancing its binding to polypyrimidine tract binding protein 3, contributing to the activation of TGFβ/Smad signalling. UGDH or TGFβR1 blockade impaired HCC metastasis. In addition, UGDH up-regulation and UDP-GlcUA accumulation correlated with increased metastatic potential and decreased patient survival in GSTZ1-deficient HCC. CONCLUSIONS GSTZ1 deficiency and subsequent up-regulation of the glucuronic acid metabolic pathway promotes HCC metastasis by increasing the stability of TGFβR1 mRNA and activating TGFβ/Smad signalling. UGDH and a key metabolite, UDP-GlcUA, may serve as prognostic markers. Targeting UGDH might be a promising strategy for HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Chang H, Su M, Qiao Y, Sun H, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Shan C. Identification of HGD and GSTZ1 as Biomarkers Involved Metabolic Reprogramming in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094583. [PMID: 35562974 PMCID: PMC9102202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) with poor prognosis is the main histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma, accounting for more than 80% of patients. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to being asymptomatic early on. Advanced KIRC has an extremely poor prognosis due to its inherent resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of KIRC and the development of effective early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. In this study, we aimed to identify the prognosis-related biomarker and analyzed its relationship with tumor progression. Metabolic changes are an important feature of kidney cancer, where the reduction of fumarate allows us to target the tyrosine metabolic pathway. The homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) and glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) related with prognosis of KIRC was identified through bioinformatics analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Mechanistically, we found that decreased HGD and GSTZ1 promote aerobic glycolysis in KIRC, coordinate the balance of amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism in tumor cells, and ultimately activate the tumor cell cycle and tumor progression. In summary, we identified the tyrosine metabolizing enzymes HGD and GSTZ1 as biomarkers of KIRC, which will further the understanding of the tumor metabolism profile, provide novel strategies and theoretical support for diagnosing and treating KIRC and as referential for future clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (H.S.)
| | - Hongkai Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (H.S.)
| | - Meng Su
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (M.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yaya Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (H.S.)
| | - Huanran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (H.S.)
| | - Yongshan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (M.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (C.S.)
| | - Changliang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (J.W.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (H.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms, Drug Targets and Approaches to Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071826. [PMID: 35406596 PMCID: PMC8998032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent decades, scientific discoveries brought up several new treatments and improvements for patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, increasing resistance to current therapies, such as sorafenib, worsen the outcome of HCC patients, leading to a search for alternative therapeutic strategies. The term ferroptosis describes a novel form of regulated cell death, which is different from apoptosis and necroptosis in a mechanistical and morphological manner. The main mechanism, which leads to cell death, is lipid peroxidation, caused by iron overload and the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recent studies demonstrate that ferroptosis can hamper the carcinogenesis in several tumor entities and in HCC. Therefore, a better understanding and a deeper insight in the processes of ferroptosis in HCC and the possible application of it in the clinical practice are of extreme importance. Abstract Ferroptosis, an iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent non-apoptotic type of regulated cell death, is characterized by a massive iron overload and peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which finally results in cell death. Recent studies suggest that ferroptosis can influence carcinogenesis negatively and therefore may be used as a novel anti-cancer strategy. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly malignancy with poor chances of survival and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Diagnosis at an already late stage and general resistance to current therapies may be responsible for the dismal outcome. As the liver acts as a key factor in iron metabolism, ferroptosis is shown to play an important role in HCC carcinogenesis and, more importantly, may hold the potential to eradicate HCC. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge we have of the role of ferroptosis in HCC and the application of ferroptosis as a therapy option and provide an overview of the potential translation of ferroptosis in the clinical practice of HCC.
Collapse
|
13
|
Metabolomics and the Multi-Omics View of Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020154. [PMID: 35208228 PMCID: PMC8880085 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is widely regarded to be a genetic disease. Indeed, over the past five decades, the genomic perspective on cancer has come to almost completely dominate the field. However, this genome-only view is incomplete and tends to portray cancer as a disease that is highly heritable, driven by hundreds of complex genetic interactions and, consequently, difficult to prevent or treat. New evidence suggests that cancer is not as heritable or purely genetic as once thought and that it really is a multi-omics disease. As highlighted in this review, the genome, the exposome, and the metabolome all play roles in cancer’s development and manifestation. The data presented here show that >90% of cancers are initiated by environmental exposures (the exposome) which lead to cancer-inducing genetic changes. The resulting genetic changes are, then, propagated through the altered DNA of the proliferating cancer cells (the genome). Finally, the dividing cancer cells are nourished and sustained by genetically reprogrammed, cancer-specific metabolism (the metabolome). As shown in this review, all three “omes” play roles in initiating cancer. Likewise, all three “omes” interact closely, often providing feedback to each other to sustain or enhance tumor development. Thanks to metabolomics, these multi-omics feedback loops are now much more evident and their roles in explaining the hallmarks of cancer are much better understood. Importantly, this more holistic, multi-omics view portrays cancer as a disease that is much more preventable, easier to understand, and potentially, far more treatable.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liao H, Shi J, Wen K, Lin J, Liu Q, Shi B, Yan Y, Xiao Z. Molecular Targets of Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:985-996. [PMID: 34466409 PMCID: PMC8403010 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s325593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a special form of regulatory cell death caused by the accumulation of intracellular iron and lipid peroxidation. Here, we summarize the research progress on ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), trace the development of the concept of ferroptosis and its key regulatory factors, and discuss the application value of ferroptosis in the treatment of HCC from different perspectives. We believe that exploring the relationship between ferroptosis and HCC and clarifying the metabolism and expression of ferroptosis-specific genes and molecules will accelerate the development of novel ferroptosis-related molecules as HCC markers and therapeutic targets. We hope to provide a theoretical basis for better diagnosis and treatment to effectively improve the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingchao Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcong Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tong M, Wong TL, Zhao H, Zheng Y, Xie YN, Li CH, Zhou L, Che N, Yun JP, Man K, Lee TKW, Cai Z, Ma S. Loss of tyrosine catabolic enzyme HPD promotes glutamine anaplerosis through mTOR signaling in liver cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109617. [PMID: 34433044 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays central roles in coordinating different metabolic processes, such as the catabolism of amino acids. In this study, we identify a loss of tyrosine catabolism and a concomitant increase in serum tyrosine levels during liver cancer development. Liver cells with disordered tyrosine catabolism, as exemplified by the suppression of a tyrosine catabolic enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD), display augmented tumorigenic and proliferative potentials. Metabolomics profiling and isotope tracing reveal the metabolic reliance of HPD-silenced cells on glutamine, coupled with increased tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and their associated amino acid pools. Mechanistically, HPD silencing reduces ketone bodies, which regulate the proliferative and metabolic phenotypes via the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway and mTOR-dependent glutaminase (GLS) activation. Collectively, our results demonstrate a metabolic link between tyrosine and glutamine metabolism, which could be exploited as a potentially promising anticancer therapy for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tin-Lok Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Nong Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Hin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Noélia Che
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwan Man
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terence Kin-Wah Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fang C, Su B, Jiang T, Li C, Tan Y, Wang Q, Dong L, Liu X, Lin X, Xu G. Prognosis prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection based on serum metabolic profiling from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3153-3165. [PMID: 33796932 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive prognostic risk prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgical treatment is particularly important for guiding clinical decision-making and improving postoperative survival. Hence, we aimed to build prognostic models based on serum metabolomics data, and assess the prognostic risk of HCC within 5 years after surgical resection. A pseudotargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics method was applied to analyze serum profiling of 78 HCC patients. Important metabolic features with discriminant ability were identified by a novel network-based metabolic feature selection method based on combinational significance index (N-CSI). Subsequently, phenylalanine and galactose were further identified to be relevant with mortality by the Cox regression analysis, while galactose and tyrosine were associated with recurrence and metastasis. Two models to predict risk of mortality (risk score of overall survival, RSOS) and risk of recurrence and metastasis (risk score of disease-free survival, RSDFS) were generated based on two panels of metabolites, respectively, which present favorable ability to predict prognosis of HCC, especially when combined with clinical staging system. The performance of models was further validated in an external independent cohort from 91 HCC patients. This study demonstrated that metabolomics is a powerful tool for risk screening of HCC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengnan Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Benzhe Su
- School of Computer Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Computer Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yexiong Tan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Liwei Dong
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- School of Computer Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Q, Bin C, Xue Q, Gao Q, Huang A, Wang K, Tang N. GSTZ1 sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-induced ferroptosis via inhibition of NRF2/GPX4 axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:426. [PMID: 33931597 PMCID: PMC8087704 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that ferroptosis plays an important role in tumor growth inhibition. Sorafenib, originally identified as an inhibitor of multiple oncogenic kinases, has been shown to induce ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, some hepatoma cell lines are less sensitive to sorafenib-induced ferroptotic cell death. Glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), an enzyme in the catabolism of phenylalanine, suppresses the expression of the master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of GSTZ1 in sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in HCC. GSTZ1 was significantly downregulated in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells. Mechanistically, GSTZ1 depletion enhanced the activation of the NRF2 pathway and increased the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level, thereby suppressing sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. The combination of sorafenib and RSL3, a GPX4 inhibitor, significantly inhibited GSTZ1-deficient cell viability and promoted ferroptosis and increased ectopic iron and lipid peroxides. In vivo, the combination of sorafenib and RSL3 had a synergic therapeutic effect on HCC progression in Gstz1-/- mice. In conclusion, this finding demonstrates that GSTZ1 enhanced sorafenib-induced ferroptosis by inhibiting the NRF2/GPX4 axis in HCC cells. Combination therapy of sorafenib and GPX4 inhibitor RSL3 may be a promising strategy in HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Bin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiang J, Chen C, Liu R, Gou D, Chang L, Deng H, Gao Q, Zhang W, Tuo L, Pan X, Liang L, Xia J, Huang L, Yao K, Wang B, Hu Z, Huang A, Wang K, Tang N. Gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 deficiency promotes CHK2 O-GlcNAcylation and hepatocellular carcinoma growth upon glucose deprivation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144703. [PMID: 33690219 DOI: 10.1172/jci144703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer cells are frequently faced with a nutrient- and oxygen-poor microenvironment, elevated hexosamine-biosynthesis pathway (HBP) activity and protein O-GlcNAcylation (a nutrient sensor) contribute to rapid growth of tumor and are emerging hallmarks of cancer. Inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation could be a promising anticancer strategy. The gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about the potential role of PCK1 in enhanced HBP activity and HCC carcinogenesis under glucose-limited conditions. In this study, PCK1 knockout markedly enhanced the global O-GlcNAcylation levels under low-glucose conditions. Mechanistically, metabolic reprogramming in PCK1-loss hepatoma cells led to oxaloacetate accumulation and increased de novo uridine triphosphate synthesis contributing to uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, deletion of PCK1 also resulted in AMPK-GFAT1 axis inactivation, promoting UDP-GlcNAc synthesis for elevated O-GlcNAcylation. Notably, lower expression of PCK1 promoted CHK2 threonine 378 O-GlcNAcylation, counteracting its stability and dimer formation, increasing CHK2-dependent Rb phosphorylation and HCC cell proliferation. Moreover, aminooxyacetic acid hemihydrochloride and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine blocked HBP-mediated O-GlcNAcylation and suppressed tumor progression in liver-specific Pck1-knockout mice. We reveal a link between PCK1 depletion and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation that underlies HCC oncogenesis and suggest therapeutic targets for HCC that act by inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Dongmei Gou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Luyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Ke Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bohong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wei Z, Yuan X, Ding Q, Xu Y, Hong L, Wang J. CircATP5SL promotes infantile haemangiomas progression via IGF1R regulation by targeting miR-873-5p. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:1322-1336. [PMID: 33841659 PMCID: PMC8014409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Infantile haemangiomas (IH) are the most common soft-tissue tumours in infants. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of circular RNA (circRNA) for the regulation of various cancer cells. The present study aims to evaluate the functions and molecular mechanisms of circATP5SL in IH progression. In this study, we found that circATP5SL is significantly dysregulated in IH. We conducted Transwell, MTT, and flow cytometry analysis to evaluate the role of circATP5SL in IH cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. Meanwhile, by using subcellular distribution detection, as well as dual-luciferase reporter test and RIP analysis, it has been confirmed that miR-873-5p directly binds to the 3'UTR of IGF1R mRNA, thereby inhibiting the expression of IGF1R. Besides, circATP5SL promoted IGF1R expression by directly adsorbing miR-873-5p, an IGF1R inhibitor, thereby promoting cellular invasion, proliferation, and migration as well as inhibition of apoptosis. In summary, our study suggests that circATP5SL promotes IH progression by regulating IGF1R expression through adsorption of miR-873-5p, elucidating circATP5SL as a promising therapeutic target for the prognostication and treatment of IH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wei
- From The Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Ningbo Women and Children’s HospitalNingbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yuan
- From The Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Ningbo Women and Children’s HospitalNingbo 315211, China
| | - Qi Ding
- From The Department of Diagnosis, Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology CenterNingbo 315021, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- From The Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Ningbo Women and Children’s HospitalNingbo 315211, China
| | - Lu Hong
- From The Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University School of MedicineNingbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- From The Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Ningbo Women and Children’s HospitalNingbo 315211, China
- From The Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University School of MedicineNingbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Robertson H, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. NRF2 and the Ambiguous Consequences of Its Activation during Initiation and the Subsequent Stages of Tumourigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3609. [PMID: 33276631 PMCID: PMC7761610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2, encoded in the human by NFE2L2) mediates short-term adaptation to thiol-reactive stressors. In normal cells, activation of NRF2 by a thiol-reactive stressor helps prevent, for a limited period of time, the initiation of cancer by chemical carcinogens through induction of genes encoding drug-metabolising enzymes. However, in many tumour types, NRF2 is permanently upregulated. In such cases, its overexpressed target genes support the promotion and progression of cancer by suppressing oxidative stress, because they constitutively increase the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they support cell proliferation by increasing ribonucleotide synthesis, serine biosynthesis and autophagy. Herein, we describe cancer chemoprevention and the discovery of the essential role played by NRF2 in orchestrating protection against chemical carcinogenesis. We similarly describe the discoveries of somatic mutations in NFE2L2 and the gene encoding the principal NRF2 repressor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) along with that encoding a component of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex Cullin 3 (CUL3), which result in permanent activation of NRF2, and the recognition that such mutations occur frequently in many types of cancer. Notably, mutations in NFE2L2, KEAP1 and CUL3 that cause persistent upregulation of NRF2 often co-exist with mutations that activate KRAS and the PI3K-PKB/Akt pathway, suggesting NRF2 supports growth of tumours in which KRAS or PKB/Akt are hyperactive. Besides somatic mutations, NRF2 activation in human tumours can occur by other means, such as alternative splicing that results in a NRF2 protein which lacks the KEAP1-binding domain or overexpression of other KEAP1-binding partners that compete with NRF2. Lastly, as NRF2 upregulation is associated with resistance to cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, we describe strategies that might be employed to suppress growth and overcome drug resistance in tumours with overactive NRF2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; (H.R.); (A.T.D.-K.)
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; (H.R.); (A.T.D.-K.)
| | - John D. Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; (H.R.); (A.T.D.-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Sunjic SB, Zarkovic N. The NRF2, Thioredoxin, and Glutathione System in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1151. [PMID: 33228209 PMCID: PMC7699519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains an elusive, highly complex disease and a global burden. Constant change by acquired mutations and metabolic reprogramming contribute to the high inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of malignant cells, their selective growth advantage, and their resistance to anticancer therapies. In the modern era of integrative biomedicine, realizing that a personalized approach could benefit therapy treatments and patients' prognosis, we should focus on cancer-driving advantageous modifications. Namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to act as regulators of cellular metabolism and growth, exhibit both negative and positive activities, as do antioxidants with potential anticancer effects. Such complexity of oxidative homeostasis is sometimes overseen in the case of studies evaluating the effects of potential anticancer antioxidants. While cancer cells often produce more ROS due to their increased growth-favoring demands, numerous conventional anticancer therapies exploit this feature to ensure selective cancer cell death triggered by excessive ROS levels, also causing serious side effects. The activation of the cellular NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2) pathway and induction of cytoprotective genes accompanies an increase in ROS levels. A plethora of specific targets, including those involved in thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are activated by NRF2. In this paper, we briefly review preclinical research findings on the interrelated roles of the NRF2 pathway and TRX and GSH systems, with focus given to clinical findings and their relevance in carcinogenesis and anticancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (L.M.); (S.B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nrf2 in Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Liver Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102932. [PMID: 33053665 PMCID: PMC7599585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway represents a powerful cell defense mechanism against a variety of toxic insults, its role in acute or chronic liver damage and tumor development is not completely understood. This review addresses how Nrf2 is involved in liver pathophysiology and critically discusses the contrasting results emerging from the literature. The aim of the present report is to stimulate further investigation on the role of Nrf2 that could lead to define the best strategies to therapeutically target this pathway. Abstract Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, the most important cell defense signal, triggered to neutralize the harmful effects of electrophilic and oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in cell survival. Therefore, its ability to attenuate acute and chronic liver damage, where oxidative stress represents the key player, is not surprising. On the other hand, while Nrf2 promotes proliferation in cancer cells, its role in non-neoplastic hepatocytes is a matter of debate. Another topic of uncertainty concerns the nature of the mechanisms of Nrf2 activation in hepatocarcinogenesis. Indeed, it remains unclear what is the main mechanism behind the sustained activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis. This raises doubts about the best strategies to therapeutically target this pathway. In this review, we will analyze and discuss our present knowledge concerning the role of Nrf2 in hepatic physiology and pathology, including hepatocellular carcinoma. In particular, we will critically examine and discuss some findings originating from animal models that raise questions that still need to be adequately answered.
Collapse
|
23
|
Uncovering the Mechanism of the Effects of Pien-Tze-Huang on Liver Cancer Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4863015. [PMID: 32963562 PMCID: PMC7492898 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4863015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pien-Tze-Huang (PTH) has a long history in the treatment of liver cancer. However, its molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. TCMSP and TCM were used to collect the active ingredients. Bioactive compounds targets were predicted by reverse pharmacophore models. The antiliver cancer targets of PTH were selected by gene comparison of liver cancer in the GEO database. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding activity of the targets and the active ingredients. The DAVID was used to analyze the gene function and signal pathway. A model was built with Cytoscape. The core genes were obtained by PPI network. We screened the 4 main medicinal ingredients of PTH to obtain 16 active ingredient, 190 potential targets, and 6 core genes. We found that active small molecules exert anticancer effects by multiple pathways. The core genes were involved in multiple biological processes. We also found that eight chemical components play a greater role in inhibiting liver cancer. PTH achieves the effect of inhibiting liver cancer through the synergistic effect of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. This study provides a potential scientific basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of action of PTH against liver cancer.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang X, Chen SL, Lin CS, Liu LL, Wang CH, Yun JP. Tyrosine metabolic enzyme HPD is decreased and predicts unfavorable outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153153. [PMID: 32891822 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver is a major metabolic organ containing many metabolic enzymes. Disorders of liver-specific enzymes can cause liver dysfunction and tumorigenesis. Previous studies indicated that 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) plays an essential role in catalyzing the tyrosinolytic metabolism of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogeneous acids in liver tissues. However, the clinical significance of HPD in HCC has not been obtained. Here in our study, we aimed to identify the expression and the clinical significance of HPD in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Western Blotting and qRT-PCR were employed to evaluate the level of HPD in HCC cell lines and fresh samples. The expression of HPD was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a tissue microarray (TMA) cohort with a total of 778 HCC patients. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of HPD in HCC was evaluated from TCGA and GEO public databases. Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine the correlation between HPD expression with clinicopathological variables and survival rate of HCC patients. The cellular behaviors of transfected cells were respectively examined by CCK8 and Migration assay. RESULTS The expression of HPD is restricted in liver compared with other cancer types. HPD mRNA and protein expression was dramatically reduced in HCC cell lines and fresh tissue samples. IHC staining in HCC TMA further showed that the decreased of HPD in paraffin-imbedded HCC samples was linked to an adverse overall postoperative survival (p < 0.001). Clinicopathologically, low expression of HPD was correlated with larger tumor size, advanced TNM staging and poor differentiaion. In addition, multivariate analyses indicated that HPD was an independent predictive factor of HCC survival. Our study pioneering validates that knockdown of HPD increases HCC cell cell growth and cell motility. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that HPD may serve as a valuable prognostic marker, a tumor suppressor, and a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shi-Lu Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Cen-Shan Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang B, Wang K, Jin T, Xu Q, He Y, Cui B, Wang Y. NCK1-AS1 enhances glioma cell proliferation, radioresistance and chemoresistance via miR-22-3p/IGF1R ceRNA pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110395. [PMID: 32887025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the deadliest disease in human central nerve system. Abnormal expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression has been demontrated to be implicated in various cancers. The oncogenic role of lncRNA NCK1-AS1 has been validated in cervical cancer, wheras its role in glioma remians obscure. Our research findings suggested that NCK1-AS1 was upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. NCK1-AS1 deficiency hindered cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis. Additionally, the chemoresistance and radioresistance of glioma cells were impaired by NCK1-AS1 depletion. Moreover, miR-22-3p, a downstream gene of NCK1-AS1, could weaken glioma cell chemoresistance and radioresistance. Similarly, IGF1R was the downstream target gene of miR-22-3p. Further mechanism and function assays demonstrated that NCK1-AS1 promoted glioma cell growth, chemoresistance and radioresistance via sponging miR-22-3p to upregulate IGF1R. Finally, the tumor facilitator function of NCK1-AS1 was also verified by in vivo experiments. Taken together, NCK1-AS1 contributes to glioma cell proliferation, radioresistance and chemoresistance via miR-22-3p/IGF1R ceRNA pathway, which might provide a new insight for improving the radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Tenglong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Qiling Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yanyang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Bingzhou Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The KEAP1-NRF2 pathway is the principal protective response to oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Under homeostatic conditions, KEAP1 forms part of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which tightly regulates the activity of the transcription factor NRF2 by targeting it for ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. In response to stress, an intricate molecular mechanism facilitated by sensor cysteines within KEAP1 allows NRF2 to escape ubiquitination, accumulate within the cell, and translocate to the nucleus, where it can promote its antioxidant transcription program. Recent advances have revealed that KEAP1 contains multiple stress sensors and inactivation modalities, which together allow diverse cellular inputs, from oxidative stress and cellular metabolites to dysregulated autophagy, to regulate NRF2 activity. This integration of the KEAP1-NRF2 system into multiple cellular signaling and metabolic pathways places NRF2 activation as a critical regulatory node in many disease phenotypes and suggests that the pharmaceutical modulation of NRF2's cytoprotective activity will be beneficial for human health in a broad range of noncommunicable diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Shao Z, Pan Q, Zhang Y. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell-derived extracellular vesicles encapsulated microRNA-584-5p facilitates angiogenesis through PCK1-mediated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 125:105789. [PMID: 32522621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease characterized by poor liver function with increasing morbidity and poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles, released by different cells, have been associated with HCC development. Nevertheless, the mechanisms beyond extracellular vesicles in HCC remain uncharacterized. Therefore, the current study aimed to clarify the mechanism of pro-angiogenic microRNA-584-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results showed that miR-584-5p was highly-expressed in both cancer cells (Hep3B) and their extracellular vesicles. Hep3B and extracellular vesicles were then respectively co-cultured with human vascular endothelial cell line (Ea.hy926), and they both accelerated Ea.hy926 proliferation and migration. Ea.hy926 cells could internalize extracellular vesicles carrying microRNA-584-5p. Of note, microRNA-584-5p could bind to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 to promote nuclear factor E2-related factor 2. Moreover, silencing microRNA-584-5p was found to decline microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Taken altogether, our findings demonstrated that extracellular vesicles-derived microRNA-584-5p promotes angiogenesis by inhibiting PCK1 -mediating NRF2 activation, which highlights the theoretical basis for potential treatments for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zigong Shao
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, PR China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, PR China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lei C, Wang Q, Tang N, Wang K. GSTZ1-1 downregulates Wnt/β-catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:6-17. [PMID: 31782257 PMCID: PMC6943223 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase Zeta 1-1 (GSTZ1-1), an enzyme involved in the catabolism of phenylalanine and the detoxification of xenobiotics, plays a tumour suppressor role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we further explored the function of GSTZ1-1 in HCC through transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing. The analysis revealed that 223 genes were upregulated and 290 genes were downregulated in GSTZ1-1-overexpressing Huh7 cells. Gene Ontology analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly enriched for protein phosphorylation, cell cycle arrest and metabolic processes. Pathway analysis revealed that metabolic pathways were the predominant enriched pathways among the upregulated genes, while the TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways were prominent in the downregulated clusters. Pathway interaction networks also showed that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was located in the centre of the cluster. The expression levels of selected DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR, and Wnt/β-catenin involvement was validated by luciferase assays, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis in vitro and in vivo. These results provide a comprehensive overview of the transcriptome in GSTZ1-1-overexpressing Huh7 cells and indicate that GSTZ1-1 may play a tumour suppressor role by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute for Viral HepatitisThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Qiujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute for Viral HepatitisThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute for Viral HepatitisThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute for Viral HepatitisThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li J, Wang Q, Yang Y, Lei C, Yang F, Liang L, Chen C, Xia J, Wang K, Tang N. GSTZ1 deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation via activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:438. [PMID: 31666108 PMCID: PMC6822483 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) is the penultimate enzyme in phenylalanine/tyrosine catabolism. GSTZ1 is dysregulated in cancers; however, its role in tumorigenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unknown. We aimed to assess the role of GSTZ1 in HCC and to reveal the underlying mechanisms, which may contribute to finding a potential therapeutic strategy against HCC. Methods We first analyzed GSTZ1 expression levels in paired human HCC and adjacent normal tissue specimens and the prognostic effect of GSTZ1 on HCC patients. Thereafter, we evaluated the role of GSTZ1 in aerobic glycolysis in HCC cells on the basis of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Furthermore, we assessed the effect of GSTZ1 on HCC proliferation, glutathione (GSH) concentration, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling via gain- and loss- of GSTZ1 function in vitro. Moreover, we investigated the effect of GSTZ1 on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatocarcinogenesis in a mouse model of HCC. Results GSTZ1 was downregulated in HCC, thus indicating a poor prognosis. GSTZ1 deficiency significantly promoted hepatoma cell proliferation and aerobic glycolysis in HCC cells. Moreover, loss of GSTZ1 function depleted GSH, increased ROS levels, and enhanced lipid peroxidation, thus activating the NRF2-mediated antioxidant pathway. Furthermore, Gstz1 knockout in mice promoted DEN/CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis via activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the antioxidant agent N-acetylcysteine and NRF2 inhibitor brusatol effectively suppressed the growth of Gstz1-knockout HepG2 cells and HCC progression in Gstz1−/− mice. Conclusions GSTZ1 serves as a tumor suppressor in HCC. GSH depletion caused by GSTZ1 deficiency elevates oxidative stress, thus constitutively activating the NRF2 antioxidant response pathway and accelerating HCC progression. Targeting the NRF2 signaling pathway may be a promising therapeutic approach for this subset of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guo W, Zhou BP. Oncometabolite modification of Keap1 links GSTZ1 deficiency with cancer. Genes Dis 2019; 6:333-334. [PMID: 31832512 PMCID: PMC6889240 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities are emerging as an active driver to the development, progression and metastasis of various tumors. In the recent issue of the EMBO Journal, Yang and colleagues identified that succinylacetone (SA) could act as an oncometabolite and that accumulation of SA activates the NRF2/IGF1R axis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. These discoveries not only yield great insights in the understanding of tumor biology, but also hold significant clinical ramifications, as these findings may pave a new way for the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang F, Li J, Deng H, Wang Y, Lei C, Wang Q, Xiang J, Liang L, Xia J, Pan X, Li X, Long Q, Chang L, Xu P, Huang A, Wang K, Tang N. GSTZ1-1 Deficiency Activates NRF2/IGF1R Axis in HCC via Accumulation of Oncometabolite Succinylacetone. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101964. [PMID: 31267557 PMCID: PMC6669923 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The IGF1R signaling is important in the malignant progression of cancer. However, overexpression of IGF1R has not been properly assessed in HCC. Here, we revealed that GSTZ1‐1, the enzyme in phenylalanine/tyrosine catabolism, is downregulated in HCC, and its expression was negatively correlated with IGF1R. Mechanistically, GSTZ1‐1 deficiency led to succinylacetone accumulation, alkylation modification of KEAP1, and NRF2 activation, thus promoting IGF1R transcription by recruiting SP1 to its promoter. Moreover, inhibition of IGF1R or NRF2 significantly inhibited tumor‐promoting effects of GSTZ1 knockout in vivo. These findings establish succinylacetone as an oncometabolite, and GSTZ1‐1 as an important tumor suppressor by inhibiting NRF2/IGF1R axis in HCC. Targeting NRF2 or IGF1R may be a promising treatment approach for this subset HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanxin Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|