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Szachniewicz MM, van den Eeden SJF, van Meijgaarden KE, Franken KLMC, van Veen S, Geluk A, Bouwstra JA, Ottenhoff THM. Cationic pH-sensitive liposome-based subunit tuberculosis vaccine induces protection in mice challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024:114437. [PMID: 39122053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has been and still is a global emergency for centuries. Prevention of disease through vaccination would have a major impact on disease prevalence, but the only available current vaccine, BCG, has insufficient impact. In this article, a novel subunit vaccine against TB was developed, using the Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv2034 fusion antigen, two adjuvants - CpG and MPLA, and a cationic pH-sensitive liposome as a delivery system, representing a new TB vaccine delivery strategy not previously reported for TB. In vitro in human dendritic cells (DCs), the adjuvanted formulation induced a significant increase in the production of (innate) cytokines and chemokines compared to the liposome without additional adjuvants. In vivo, the new vaccine administrated subcutaneously significantly reduced Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacterial load in the lungs and spleens of mice, significantly outperforming results from mice vaccinated with the antigen mixed with adjuvants without liposomes. In-depth analysis underpinned the vaccine's effectiveness in terms of its capacity to induce polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, both considered essential for controlling Mtb infection. Also noteworthy was the differential abundance of various CD69+ B-cell subpopulations, which included IL17-A-producing B cells. The vaccine stimulated robust antigen-specific antibody titers, further extending its potential as a novel protective agent against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Szachniewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands.
| | - S J F van den Eeden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands
| | - K E van Meijgaarden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands
| | - K L M C Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands
| | - S van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands
| | - A Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands
| | - J A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - T H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Netherlands
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2
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Abil OZ, Liu S, Yeh YW, Wu Y, Sen Chaudhuri A, Li NS, Deng C, Xiang Z. A mucosal vaccine formulation against tuberculosis by exploiting the adjuvant activity of S100A4-A damage-associated molecular pattern molecule. Vaccine 2024:126151. [PMID: 39089961 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains one of the top three causes of death. Currently, the only licensed vaccine against TB is the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), which lacks efficacy in preventing and controlling pulmonary TB in adults. We aimed to evaluate a nasal TB vaccine formulation composed of the Mtb-specific vaccine antigen ESAT-6, an Mtb-associated protein that can trigger protective immune responses, and S100A4, a recently characterized novel mucosal adjuvant. Mice were intranasally given recombinant ESAT-6 in the presence or absence of S100A4 as an adjuvant. We have provided experimental evidence demonstrating that S100A4 admixed to ESAT-6 could induce Mtb-specific adaptive immune responses after intranasal immunization. S100A4 remarkably augmented the levels of anti-ESAT-6 IgG in serum and IgA in mucosal sites, including lung exudates, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and nasal lavage. Furthermore, in both lung and spleen tissues, S100A4 strongly promoted ESAT-6-specific expansion of CD4 T cells. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells from these tissues expressed increased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, cytokines critical for antimicrobial activity. Antigen-reencounter-induced T cell proliferative responses, a key vaccine performance indicator, were augmented in the spleen of S100A4-adjuvanted mice. Furthermore, CD8 T cells from the spleen and lung tissues of these mice expressed higher levels of granzyme B upon antigen re-stimulation. S100A4-adjuvanted immunization may predict good mucosal protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olifan Zewdie Abil
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Wen Yeh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arka Sen Chaudhuri
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nga Shan Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chujun Deng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Miles JR, Lu P, Bai S, Aguillón-Durán GP, Rodríguez-Herrera JE, Gunn BM, Restrepo BI, Lu LL. Antigen specificity shapes antibody functions in tuberculosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.03.597169. [PMID: 38895452 PMCID: PMC11185737 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.597169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the number one infectious disease cause of death worldwide due to an incomplete understanding of immunity. Emerging data highlight antibody functions mediated by the Fc domain as immune correlates. However, the mechanisms by which antibody functions impact the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are unclear. Here, we examine how antigen specificity determined by the Fab domain shapes Fc effector functions against Mtb. Using the critical structural and secreted virulence proteins Mtb cell wall and ESAT-6 & CFP-10, we observe that antigen specificity alters subclass, antibody post-translational glycosylation, and Fc effector functions in TB patients. Moreover, Mtb cell wall IgG3 enhances disease through opsonophagocytosis of extracellular Mtb . In contrast, polyclonal and a human monoclonal IgG1 we generated targeting ESAT-6 & CFP-10 inhibit intracellular Mtb . These data show that antibodies have multiple roles in TB and antigen specificity is a critical determinant of the protective and pathogenic capacity.
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Davies LRL, Wang C, Steigler P, Bowman KA, Fischinger S, Hatherill M, Fisher M, Mbandi SK, Rodo M, Ottenhoff THM, Dockrell HM, Sutherland JS, Mayanja-Kizza H, Boom WH, Walzl G, Kaufmann SHE, Nemes E, Scriba TJ, Lauffenburger D, Alter G, Fortune SM. Age and sex influence antibody profiles associated with tuberculosis progression. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1513-1525. [PMID: 38658786 PMCID: PMC11153143 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Antibody features vary with tuberculosis (TB) disease state. Whether clinical variables, such as age or sex, influence associations between Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses and disease state is not well explored. Here we profiled Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses in 140 TB-exposed South African individuals from the Adolescent Cohort Study. We identified distinct response features in individuals progressing to active TB from non-progressing, matched controls. A multivariate antibody score differentially associated with progression (SeroScore) identified progressors up to 2 years before TB diagnosis, earlier than that achieved with the RISK6 transcriptional signature of progression. We validated these antibody response features in the Grand Challenges 6-74 cohort. Both the SeroScore and RISK6 correlated better with risk of TB progression in adolescents compared with adults, and in males compared with females. This suggests that age and sex are important, underappreciated modifiers of antibody responses associated with TB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela R L Davies
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pia Steigler
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kathryn A Bowman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Fisher
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stanley Kimbung Mbandi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miguel Rodo
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Jayne S Sutherland
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Neudecker D, Fritschi N, Sutter T, Lu LL, Lu P, Tebruegge M, Santiago-Garcia B, Ritz N. Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis disease: a study protocol. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:481. [PMID: 38730343 PMCID: PMC11084122 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) poses a major public health challenge, particularly in children. A substantial proportion of children with TB disease remain undetected and unconfirmed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly sensitive point-of-care test. This study aims to assess the performance of serological assays based on various antigen targets and antibody properties in distinguishing children (0-18 years) with TB disease (1) from healthy TB-exposed children, (2) children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infections, and (3) from children with TB infection. METHODS The study will use biobanked plasma samples collected from three prospective multicentric diagnostic observational studies: the Childhood TB in Switzerland (CITRUS) study, the Pediatric TB Research Network in Spain (pTBred), and the Procalcitonin guidance to reduce antibiotic treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents (ProPAED) study. Included are children diagnosed with TB disease or infection, healthy TB-exposed children, and sick children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infection. Serological multiplex assays will be performed to identify M. tuberculosis antigen-specific antibody features, including isotypes, subclasses, Fc receptor (FcR) binding, and IgG glycosylation. DISCUSSION The findings from this study will help to design serological assays for diagnosing TB disease in children. Importantly, those assays could easily be developed as low-cost point-of-care tests, thereby offering a potential solution for resource-constrained settings. CLINICALTRIALS GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03044509.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Neudecker
- Mycobacterial and Migrant Health Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Nora Fritschi
- Mycobacterial and Migrant Health Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland
- University of Basel Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Sutter
- Department of Computer Science, Medical Data Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pei Lu
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marc Tebruegge
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatrics & National Reference Centre for Paediatric TB, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Begoña Santiago-Garcia
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Research Health Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBER INFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Ritz
- Mycobacterial and Migrant Health Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland.
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Children's Hospital, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland.
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6
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Tsareva A, Shelyakin PV, Shagina IA, Myshkin MY, Merzlyak EM, Kriukova VV, Apt AS, Linge IA, Chudakov DM, Britanova OV. Aberrant adaptive immune response underlies genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380971. [PMID: 38799462 PMCID: PMC11116662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major threat worldwide, although only a fraction of infected individuals develops tuberculosis (TB). TB susceptibility is shaped by multiple genetic factors, and we performed comparative immunological analysis of two mouse strains to uncover relevant mechanisms underlying susceptibility and resistance. C57BL/6 mice are relatively TB-resistant, whereas I/St mice are prone to develop severe TB, partly due to the MHC-II allelic variant that shapes suboptimal CD4+ T cell receptor repertoire. We investigated the repertoires of lung-infiltrating helper T cells and B cells at the progressed stage in both strains. We found that lung CD4+ T cell repertoires of infected C57BL/6 but not I/St mice contained convergent TCR clusters with functionally confirmed Mtb specificity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a more prominent Th1 signature in C57BL/6, and expression of pro-inflammatory IL-16 in I/St lung-infiltrating helper T cells. The two strains also showed distinct Th2 signatures. Furthermore, the humoral response of I/St mice was delayed, less focused, and dominated by IgG/IgM isotypes, whereas C57BL/6 mice generated more Mtb antigen-focused IgA response. We conclude that the inability of I/St mice to produce a timely and efficient anti-Mtb adaptive immune responses arises from a suboptimal helper T cell landscape that also impacts the humoral response, leading to diffuse inflammation and severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Tsareva
- Precision Oncology Division, Boston Gene Laboratory, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Pavel V. Shelyakin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Irina A. Shagina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Myshkin
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina M. Merzlyak
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriia V. Kriukova
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander S. Apt
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Linge
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy M. Chudakov
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Olga V. Britanova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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7
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Chugh S, Bahal RK, Dhiman R, Singh R. Antigen identification strategies and preclinical evaluation models for advancing tuberculosis vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:57. [PMID: 38461350 PMCID: PMC10924964 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In its myriad devastating forms, Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for centuries, and humanity is still affected by it. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of TB, was the foremost killer among infectious agents until the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the key healthcare strategies available to reduce the risk of TB is immunization with bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Although BCG has been widely used to protect against TB, reports show that BCG confers highly variable efficacy (0-80%) against adult pulmonary TB. Unwavering efforts have been made over the past 20 years to develop and evaluate new TB vaccine candidates. The failure of conventional preclinical animal models to fully recapitulate human response to TB, as also seen for the failure of MVA85A in clinical trials, signifies the need to develop better preclinical models for TB vaccine evaluation. In the present review article, we outline various approaches used to identify protective mycobacterial antigens and recent advancements in preclinical models for assessing the efficacy of candidate TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chugh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ritika Kar Bahal
- Marshall Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.
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8
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Ishida E, Corrigan DT, Chen T, Liu Y, Kim RS, Song L, Rutledge TM, Magee DM, LaBaer J, Lowary TL, Lin PL, Achkar JM. Mucosal and systemic antigen-specific antibody responses correlate with protection against active tuberculosis in nonhuman primates. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104897. [PMID: 38096687 PMCID: PMC10758715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports that antibodies can protect against active tuberculosis (TB) but knowledge of potentially protective antigens, especially in the airways, is limited. The main objective of this study was to identify antigen-specific airway and systemic immunoglobulin isotype responses associated with the outcome of controlled latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) versus uncontrolled infection (TB) in nonhuman primates. METHODS In a case-control design, using non-parametric group comparisons with false discovery rate adjustments, we assessed antibodies in 57 cynomolgus macaques which, following low-dose airway Mtb infection, developed either LTBI or TB. We investigated airway and systemic IgG, IgA, and IgM responses in paired bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma samples prior to, two-, and 5-6-months post Mtb infection using an antigen-unbiased approach with Mtb glycan and proteome-wide microarrays. FINDINGS Macaques that developed LTBI (n = 36) had significantly increased airway and plasma IgA reactivities to specific arabinomannan (AM) motifs prior to Mtb infection compared to those that developed TB (n = 21; p < 0.01, q < 0.05). Furthermore, LTBI macaques had higher plasma IgG reactivity to protein MTB32A (Rv0125) early post Mtb infection (p < 0.05) and increasing airway IgG responses to some proteins over time. INTERPRETATION Our results support a protective role of pre-existing mucosal (lung) and systemic IgA to specific Mtb glycan motifs, suggesting that prior exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria could be protective against TB. They further suggest that IgG to Mtb proteins early post infection could provide an additional protective mechanism. These findings could inform TB vaccine development strategies. FUNDING NIH/NIAID AI117927, AI146329, and AI127173 to JMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ishida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Devin T Corrigan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ryung S Kim
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lusheng Song
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tara M Rutledge
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Mitchell Magee
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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9
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McIntyre S, Warner J, Rush C, Vanderven HA. Antibodies as clinical tools for tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278947. [PMID: 38162666 PMCID: PMC10755875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Global research efforts to improve TB control are hindered by insufficient understanding of the role that antibodies play in protective immunity and pathogenesis. This impacts knowledge of rational and optimal vaccine design, appropriate diagnostic biomarkers, and development of therapeutics. Traditional approaches for the prevention and diagnosis of TB may be less efficacious in high prevalence, remote, and resource-poor settings. An improved understanding of the immune response to the causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), will be crucial for developing better vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. While memory CD4+ T cells and cells and cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-g) have been the main identified correlates of protection in TB, mounting evidence suggests that other types of immunity may also have important roles. TB serology has identified antibodies and functional characteristics that may help diagnose Mtb infection and distinguish between different TB disease states. To date, no serological tests meet the World Health Organization (WHO) requirements for TB diagnosis, but multiplex assays show promise for improving the sensitivity and specificity of TB serodiagnosis. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies and serum passive infusion studies in murine models of TB have also demonstrated some protective outcomes. However, animal models that better reflect the human immune response to Mtb are necessary to fully assess the clinical utility of antibody-based TB prophylactics and therapeutics. Candidate TB vaccines are not designed to elicit an Mtb-specific antibody response, but evidence suggests BCG and novel TB vaccines may induce protective Mtb antibodies. The potential of the humoral immune response in TB monitoring and control is being investigated and these studies provide important insight into the functional role of antibody-mediated immunity against TB. In this review, we describe the current state of development of antibody-based clinical tools for TB, with a focus on diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie McIntyre
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Warner
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Rush
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Hillary A. Vanderven
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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10
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Ruiz-Tagle C, Naves R, García P, Günther A, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Balcells ME. Differential levels of anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IgAs in saliva of household contacts with latent tuberculosis infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1267670. [PMID: 37869168 PMCID: PMC10587581 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1267670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucosal immunity is strongly elicited in early stages of many respiratory and enteric infections; however, its role in tuberculosis pathogenesis has been scarcely explored. We aimed to investigate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) specific IgA levels in saliva in different stages of latent Tuberculosis Infection (TBI). Methodology A multiplex bead-based Luminex immunoassay was developed to detect specific IgA against 12 highly immunogenic Mtb antigens. A prospective cohort of household contacts (>14 years) of pulmonary TB cases was established in Santiago, Chile. Contacts were classified as Mtb-infected or not depending on serial interferon-γ release assay results. Saliva samples were collected and tested at baseline and at a 12-week follow-up. Results Mtb-specific IgA was detectable at all visits in all participants (n = 168), including the "non-Mtb infected" (n = 64). Significantly higher median levels of IgA were found in the "Mtb infected" compared to the uninfected for anti-lipoarabinomannan (LAM) (110 vs. 84.8 arbitrary units (AU), p < 0.001), anti-PstS1 (117 vs. 83 AU, p < 0.001), anti-Cell Membrane Fraction (CMF) (140 vs. 103 AU, p < 0.001) and anti-Culture Filtrate Proteins (CFP) (median 125 vs. 96 AU, p < 0.001), respectively. Nonetheless, the discriminatory performance of these specific mucosal IgA for TBI diagnosis was low. Conclusion Saliva holds Mtb-specific IgA against several antigens with increased levels for anti-LAM, anti-PstS1, anti-CMF and anti-CFP found in household contacts with an established TBI. The role of these mucosal antibodies in TB pathogenesis, and their kinetics in different stages of Mtb infection merits further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Adulto, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anna Günther
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - María Elvira Balcells
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Adulto, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Krishnananthasivam S, Li H, Bouzeyen R, Shunmuganathan B, Purushotorman K, Liao X, Du F, Friis CGK, Crawshay-Williams F, Boon LH, Xinlei Q, Chan CEZ, Sobota R, Kozma M, Barcelli V, Wang G, Huang H, Floto A, Bifani P, Javid B, MacAry PA. An anti-LpqH human monoclonal antibody from an asymptomatic individual mediates protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:127. [PMID: 37626082 PMCID: PMC10457302 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Whilst a functional role for humoral immunity in Mtb protection remains poorly defined, previous studies have suggested that antibodies can contribute towards host defense. Thus, identifying the critical components in the antibody repertoires from immune, chronically exposed, healthy individuals represents an approach for identifying new determinants for natural protection. In this study, we performed a thorough analysis of the IgG/IgA memory B cell repertoire from occupationally exposed, immune volunteers. We detail the identification and selection of a human monoclonal antibody that exhibits protective activity in vivo and show that it targets a virulence factor LpqH. Intriguingly, protection in both human ex vivo and murine challenge experiments was isotype dependent, with most robust protection being mediated via IgG2 and IgA. These data have important implications for our understanding of natural mucosal immunity for Mtb and highlight a new target for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivankari Krishnananthasivam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rania Bouzeyen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinlei Liao
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fengjiao Du
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Claudia Guldager Kring Friis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felicity Crawshay-Williams
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Low Heng Boon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian Xinlei
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Conrad En Zuo Chan
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw Sobota
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary Kozma
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valeria Barcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guirong Wang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hairong Huang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Andreas Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Bifani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Babak Javid
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Kim H, Choi HG, Shin SJ. Bridging the gaps to overcome major hurdles in the development of next-generation tuberculosis vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193058. [PMID: 37638056 PMCID: PMC10451085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death from an infectious disease worldwide, the development of vaccines more effective than bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed TB vaccine, has progressed slowly even in the context of the tremendous global impact of TB. Most vaccine candidates have been developed to strongly induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell responses; however, accumulating evidence has suggested that other immune factors are required for optimal protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. In this review, we briefly describe the five hurdles that must be overcome to develop more effective TB vaccines, including those with various purposes and tested in recent promising clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the current knowledge gaps between preclinical experiments and clinical studies regarding peripheral versus tissue-specific immune responses, different underlying conditions of individuals, and newly emerging immune correlates of protection. Moreover, we propose how recently discovered TB risk or susceptibility factors can be better utilized as novel biomarkers for the evaluation of vaccine-induced protection to suggest more practical ways to develop advanced TB vaccines. Vaccines are the most effective tools for reducing mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases, and more advanced technologies and a greater understanding of host-pathogen interactions will provide feasibility and rationale for novel vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Pushpamithran G, Skoglund C, Olsson F, Méndez-Aranda M, Schön T, Segelmark M, Stendahl O, Gilman RH, Blomgran R. No impact of helminth coinfection in patients with smear positive tuberculosis on immunoglobulin levels using a novel method measuring Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:55. [PMID: 37386541 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Helminth/tuberculosis (TB)-coinfection can reduce cell-mediated immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and increase disease severity, although the effects are highly helminth species dependent. Mtb have long been ranked as the number one single infectious agent claiming the most lives. The only licensed vaccine for TB (BCG) offers highly variable protection against TB, and almost no protection against transmission of Mtb. In recent few years the identification of naturally occurring antibodies in humans that are protective during Mtb infection has reignited the interest in adaptive humoral immunity against TB and its possible implementation in novel TB vaccine design. The effects of helminth/TB coinfection on the humoral response against Mtb during active pulmonary TB are however still unclear, and specifically the effect by globally prevalent helminth species such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Trichuris trichiura. Plasma samples from smear positive TB patients were used to measure both total and Mtb-specific antibody responses in a Peruvian endemic setting where these helminths are dominating. Mtb-specific antibodies were detected by a novel approach coating ELISA-plates with a Mtb cell-membrane fraction (CDC1551) that contains a broad range of Mtb surface proteins. Compared to controls without helminths or TB, helminth/TB coinfected patients had high levels of Mtb-specific IgG (including an IgG1 and IgG2 subclass response) and IgM, which were similarly increased in TB patients without helminth infection. These data, indicate that helminth/TB coinfected have a sustained humoral response against Mtb at the level of active TB only. More studies on the species-specific impact of helminths on the adaptive humoral response against Mtb using a larger sample size, and in relation to TB disease severity, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giggil Pushpamithran
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
| | - Camilla Skoglund
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fanny Olsson
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Melissa Méndez-Aranda
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Thomas Schön
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, County of Östergötland and Kalmar, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mårten Segelmark
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Department of Nephrology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Stendahl
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Mayland, USA
| | - Robert Blomgran
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden.
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14
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Siris S, Gladstone CA, Guo Y, Patel R, Pinder CL, Shattock RJ, McKay PF, Langford PR, Bidmos FA. Increasing human monoclonal antibody cloning efficiency with a whole-cell modified immunoglobulin-capture assay (mICA). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184510. [PMID: 37334357 PMCID: PMC10272928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression cloning of fully human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) is seeing powerful utility in the field of vaccinology, especially for elucidating vaccine-induced B-cell responses and novel vaccine candidate antigen discovery. Precision of the hmAb cloning process relies on efficient isolation of hmAb-producing plasmablasts of interest. Previously, a novel immunoglobulin-capture assay (ICA) was developed, using single protein vaccine antigens, to enhance the pathogen-specific hmAb cloning output. Here, we report a novel modification of this single-antigen ICA using formalin-treated, fluorescently stained whole cell suspensions of the human bacterial invasive pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. Sequestration of IgG secreted by individual vaccine antigen-specific plasmablasts was achieved by the formation of an anti-CD45-streptavidin and biotin anti-IgG scaffold. Suspensions containing heterologous pneumococcal and meningococcal strains were then used to enrich for polysaccharide- and protein antigen-specific plasmablasts, respectively, during single cell sorting. Following application of the modified whole-cell ICA (mICA), ~61% (19/31) of anti-pneumococcal polysaccharide hmAbs were cloned compared to 14% (8/59) obtained using standard (non-mICA) methods - representing a ~4.4-fold increase in hmAb cloning precision. A more modest ~1.7-fold difference was obtained for anti-meningococcal vaccine hmAb cloning; ~88% of hmAbs cloned via mICA versus ~53% cloned via the standard method were specific for a meningococcal surface protein. VDJ sequencing revealed that cloned hmAbs reflected an anamnestic response to both pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines; diversification within hmAb clones occurred by positive selection for replacement mutations. Thus, we have shown successful utilization of whole bacterial cells in the ICA protocol enabling isolation of hmAbs targeting multiple disparate epitopes, thereby increasing the power of approaches such as reverse vaccinology 2.0 (RV 2.0) for bacterial vaccine antigen discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Siris
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla A. Gladstone
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanping Guo
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Radhika Patel
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L. Pinder
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F. McKay
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fadil A. Bidmos
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Carabalí-Isajar ML, Rodríguez-Bejarano OH, Amado T, Patarroyo MA, Izquierdo MA, Lutz JR, Ocampo M. Clinical manifestations and immune response to tuberculosis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:206. [PMID: 37221438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a far-reaching, high-impact disease. It is among the top ten causes of death worldwide caused by a single infectious agent; 1.6 million tuberculosis-related deaths were reported in 2021 and it has been estimated that a third of the world's population are carriers of the tuberculosis bacillus but do not develop active disease. Several authors have attributed this to hosts' differential immune response in which cellular and humoral components are involved, along with cytokines and chemokines. Ascertaining the relationship between TB development's clinical manifestations and an immune response should increase understanding of tuberculosis pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms and correlating such material with protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem globally. Mortality rates have not decreased significantly; rather, they are increasing. This review has thus been aimed at deepening knowledge regarding tuberculosis by examining published material related to an immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterial evasion mechanisms regarding such response and the relationship between pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical manifestations induced by this bacterium which are related to inflammation associated with tuberculosis dissemination through different routes.
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Grants
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- b PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- c Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
- d Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- f Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lilián Carabalí-Isajar
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences Programme, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, 111221, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Tatiana Amado
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra Izquierdo
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Ricardo Lutz
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Marisol Ocampo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, 110311, Bogotá, Colombia.
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16
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Shey MS, Balfour A, Masina N, Bekiswa A, Schutz C, Goliath R, Dielle R, Katoto PDMC, Wilkinson KA, Lewinsohn D, Lewinsohn DA, Meintjes G. Mycobacterial-specific secretion of cytokines and chemokines in healthcare workers with apparent resistance to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176615. [PMID: 37275871 PMCID: PMC10233115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) is based on the secretion of IFN-γ in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens, the absence of which is regarded as no infection. Some individuals appear to resist Mtb infection despite sustained exposure (resisters). In this study, we aimed to assess cytokines, chemokines and antibodies that may be associated with resistance to Mtb infection. We hypothesized that there may be an alternative immune response to Mtb exposure in the absence of IFN-γ in resisters. Methods We enrolled HIV-uninfected healthcare workers who had worked in high TB-exposure environments for 5 years or longer. We screened them for LTBI using the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assay. We performed multiplex Luminex to measure concentrations of T cell-associated cytokines and chemokines as well as total antibodies in plasma collected from unstimulated fresh whole blood and supernatants from QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus tubes following incubation of whole blood for 16-24 hours with ESAT6/CFP10 peptides. Results Samples from 78 individuals were analyzed: 33 resisters (TST<10mm; IGRA<0.35 IU/mL), 33 with LTBI (TST≥10mm and IGRA≥0.35 IU/mL) and 12 discordant (TST=0mm; IGRA≥1.0 IU/mL). There were no differences in concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in plasma between the different groups. Resisters had significantly lower concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, ITAC, IL-13 and GM-CSF in supernatants compared with LTBI group. There were no significant differences in the concentrations in supernatants of IL-10, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, MIP-3α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, Fractalkine and IL-12p70 between the groups. We observed that resisters had similar concentrations of total antibodies (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgM) in plasma and supernatants compared to the LTBI and discordant groups. Conclusion Resistance to Mtb infection despite sustained exposure is associated with lower Mtb-specific secretion of Th1-associated cytokines and chemokines. However, resisters showed secreted concentrations after Mtb stimulation of total antibodies and cytokines/chemokines associated with innate and Th17 immune responses similar to those with Mtb infection. This suggests an ability to mount non-IFN-γ immune responses to Mtb in apparent resisters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muki Shehu Shey
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Avuyonke Balfour
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nomawethu Masina
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abulele Bekiswa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rene Goliath
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rachel Dielle
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patrick DMC. Katoto
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for General Medicine and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Tropical Diseases and Global Health and Department of Internal Medicine , Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Katalin Andrea Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Deborah Anne Lewinsohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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17
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Swanson RV, Gupta A, Foreman TW, Lu L, Choreno-Parra JA, Mbandi SK, Rosa BA, Akter S, Das S, Ahmed M, Garcia-Hernandez MDLL, Singh DK, Esaulova E, Artyomov MN, Gommerman J, Mehra S, Zuniga J, Mitreva M, Scriba TJ, Rangel-Moreno J, Kaushal D, Khader SA. Antigen-specific B cells direct T follicular-like helper cells into lymphoid follicles to mediate Mycobacterium tuberculosis control. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:855-868. [PMID: 37012543 PMCID: PMC11133959 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a global cause of death. Granuloma-associated lymphoid tissue (GrALT) correlates with protection during TB, but the mechanisms of protection are not understood. During TB, the transcription factor IRF4 in T cells but not B cells is required for the generation of the TH1 and TH17 subsets of helper T cells and follicular helper T (TFH)-like cellular responses. A population of IRF4+ T cells coexpress the transcription factor BCL6 during Mtb infection, and deletion of Bcl6 (Bcl6fl/fl) in CD4+ T cells (CD4cre) resulted in reduction of TFH-like cells, impaired localization within GrALT and increased Mtb burden. In contrast, the absence of germinal center B cells, MHC class II expression on B cells, antibody-producing plasma cells or interleukin-10-expressing B cells, did not increase Mtb susceptibility. Indeed, antigen-specific B cells enhance cytokine production and strategically localize TFH-like cells within GrALT via interactions between programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 and mediate Mtb control in both mice and macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary V Swanson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taylor W Foreman
- Divisions of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- AstraZeneca, Washington DC-Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lan Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jose Alberto Choreno-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stanley Kimbung Mbandi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bruce A Rosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sadia Akter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dhiraj K Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Centre (SNPRC) at Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Smriti Mehra
- Divisions of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Centre (SNPRC) at Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joaquin Zuniga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Centre (SNPRC) at Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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Duong VT, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Towards the development of subunit vaccines against tuberculosis: The key role of adjuvant. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 139:102307. [PMID: 36706503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death triggered by a single infectious agent, worldwide. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only currently licensed anti-TB vaccine. However, other strategies, including modification of recombinant BCG vaccine, attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mutant constructs, DNA and protein subunit vaccines, are under extensive investigation. As whole pathogen vaccines can trigger serious adverse reactions, most current strategies are focused on the development of safe anti-TB subunit vaccines; this is especially important given the rising TB infection rate in immunocompromised HIV patients. The whole Mtb genome has been mapped and major antigens have been identified; however, optimal vaccine delivery mode is still to be established. Isolated protein antigens are typically poorly immunogenic so adjuvants are required to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. This article aims to review the developmental status of anti-TB subunit vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Tram Duong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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19
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Qu M, Liang Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu Z, Liu Y, Dong Y, Ge X, Li H, Zhou X. Antibodies Targeting the Cell Wall Induce Protection against Virulent Mycobacterium bovis Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0343122. [PMID: 36847491 PMCID: PMC10100962 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03431-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that antibodies can protect against some intracellular pathogens. Mycobacterium bovis is an intracellular bacterium, and its cell wall (CW) is essential for its virulence and survival. However, the questions of whether antibodies play a protective role in immunity against M. bovis infection and what effects antibodies specific to the CW of M. bovis have still remain unclear. Here, we report that antibodies targeting the CW of an isolated pathogenic M. bovis strain and that of an attenuated bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strain could induce protection against virulent M. bovis infection in vitro and in vivo. Further research found that the antibody-induced protection was mainly achieved by promoting Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-mediated phagocytosis, inhibiting bacterial intracellular growth, and enhancing the fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes, and it also depended on T cells for its efficacy. Additionally, we analyzed and characterized the B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires of CW-immunized mice via next-generation sequencing. CW immunization stimulated BCR changes in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) isotype distribution, gene usage, and somatic hypermutation. Overall, our study validates the idea that antibodies targeting the CW induce protection against virulent M. bovis infection. This study highlights the importance of antibodies targeting the CW in the defense against tuberculosis. IMPORTANCE M. bovis is the causative agent of animal tuberculosis (TB) and human TB. Research on M. bovis is of great public health significance. Currently, TB vaccines are mainly aimed at eliciting protection by enhancement of cell-mediated immunity, and there are few studies on protective antibodies. This is the first report of protective antibodies against M. bovis infection, and the antibodies had both preventive and even therapeutic effects in an M. bovis infection mouse model. Additionally, we reveal the relationship between CDR3 gene diversity and the immune characteristics of the antibodies. These results will provide valuable advice for the rational development of TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiduo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Alkarni M, Lipman M, Lowe DM. The roles of neutrophils in non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:14. [PMID: 36800956 PMCID: PMC9938600 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) is an increasingly recognised global health issue. Studies have suggested that neutrophils may play an important role in controlling NTM infection and contribute to protective immune responses within the early phase of infection. However, these cells are also adversely associated with disease progression and exacerbation and can contribute to pathology, for example in the development of bronchiectasis. In this review, we discuss the key findings and latest evidence regarding the diverse functions of neutrophils in NTM infection. First, we focus on studies that implicate neutrophils in the early response to NTM infection and the evidence reporting neutrophils' capability to kill NTM. Next, we present an overview of the positive and negative effects that characterise the bidirectional relationship between neutrophils and adaptive immunity. We consider the pathological role of neutrophils in driving the clinical phenotype of NTM-PD including bronchiectasis. Finally, we highlight the current promising treatments in development targeting neutrophils in airways diseases. Clearly, more insights on the roles of neutrophils in NTM-PD are needed in order to inform both preventative strategies and host-directed therapy for these important infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyad Alkarni
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PP UK
| | - Marc Lipman
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M. Lowe
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PP UK
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21
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Immune cell interactions in tuberculosis. Cell 2022; 185:4682-4702. [PMID: 36493751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite having been identified as the organism that causes tuberculosis in 1882, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has managed to still evade our understanding of the protective immune response against it, defying the development of an effective vaccine. Technology and novel experimental models have revealed much new knowledge, particularly with respect to the heterogeneity of the bacillus and the host response. This review focuses on certain immunological elements that have recently yielded exciting data and highlights the importance of taking a holistic approach to understanding the interaction of M. tuberculosis with the many host cells that contribute to the development of protective immunity.
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22
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Xu F, Bian K, Wang S, Yao F, Chen J, Cao Y, Qin Y. B and T lymphocyte attenuator as a C-reactive protein and IgA associated auxiliary diagnostic marker for pulmonary tuberculosis: a case-control study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1370. [PMID: 36660715 PMCID: PMC9843424 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Screening and identification of hematologic molecular indicators of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is crucial for its diagnose and therapy. Therefore, our work aims to detect the diagnostic value of blood marker B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in PTB, and provide a certain theoretical basis for the auxiliary diagnosis of PTB. Methods Based on the inclusion criteria, 56 Patients with clinically confirmed pulmonary TB by clinical between January 2020 and December 2021 at our hospital were selected as the research objects of this study. Fifty-two matched healthy population at our hospital was used as the control group. Clinical characteristics were got from clinical laboratory. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze changes in BTLA along with its ligand in peripheral blood. Changes in BTLA on the surface of different cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The correlation test was used to determine the associations between BTLA and clinical indicators. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the auxiliary diagnostic value in PTB of BTLA expression from different sources. Results Compared with the control, changes in peripheral blood BTLA in the PTB group were significantly increased (P=0.0187) rather than its ligand. Changes in BTLA on the surface of CD68 and antigen-presenting cell (APC) CD11c were significantly increased in the PTB group (P=0.0004, P<0.0001), while changes in BTLA on the surface of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were not significantly different (P=0.0792, P=0.8706). The expression of BTLA+CD11c+ was negatively correlated with the expression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) (r=-0.2934, P=0.0282) and positively related to C-reactive protein (r=0.3277, P=0.0137). ROC curve analysis suggested that the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of BTLA RT-PCR detection were 0.6315, 53.57%, 57.69% while for BTLA+CD11c+ detection were 0.8039, 88.46% and 73.21% and for BTLA+CD68+ detection were 0.6973, 60.71% and 61.54%. Conclusions BTLA is highly expressed in peripheral blood and specific cell types of patients with PTB and is correlated with specific clinical indicators, which may be an important molecular marker for the auxiliary diagnosis of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China;,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, China
| | - Keyun Bian
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China;,Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Disease Control and Prevention Center of Rugao, Nantong, China
| | - Shouwei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Department of Preventive Health Care, The Third People’s Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Yongwei Qin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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23
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Grace PS, Gunn BM, Lu LL. Engineering the supernatural: monoclonal antibodies for challenging infectious diseases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102818. [PMID: 36242952 PMCID: PMC9612313 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies can be deployed faster than antimicrobials and vaccines. However, the majority of mAbs treat cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas a minority treat infection. This is in part because targeting a single antigen by the antibody Fab domain is insufficient to stop the dynamic microbial life cycle. Thus, finding the 'right' antigens remains the focus of intense investigations. Equally important is the antibody-Fc domain that has the capacity to induce immune responses that enhance neutralization, and limit pathology and transmission. While Fc-effector functions have been less deeply studied, conceptual and technical advances reveal previously underappreciated antibody potential to combat diseases from microbes difficult to address with current diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, including S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. falciparum, and M. tuberculosis. What is learned about engineering antibodies for these challenging organisms will enhance our approach to new and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Grace
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Parkland Health & Hospital System, United States.
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24
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Singh K, Kumar R, Umam F, Kapoor P, Sinha S, Aggarwal A. Distinct and shared B cell responses of tuberculosis patients and their household contacts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276610. [PMID: 36282846 PMCID: PMC9595562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at identifying the B cell responses which could distinguish between 'latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)' and active TB disease. Study subjects were smear-positive TB patients (n = 54) and their disease-free household contacts (HHCs, n = 120). The sera were used for determination of antibody levels (ΔOD values) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis membrane (MtM) antigens by ELISA and for visualisation of seroreactive MtM antigens by immunoblotting. B cell subsets in whole blood samples were determined by flow cytometry. In TB sera, levels of IgG antibodies were significantly higher than IgM and IgA whereas IgM and IgA antibody levels were comparable. Conversely, HHC sera had significantly higher IgM antibody levels than IgG and IgA. The ratio of IgM to IgG antibodies in HHCs were also significantly higher than in patients. Immunoblotting revealed that some of the MtM antigens (<10, ~12 and ~25 kDa) reacted with TB as well as HHC sera whereas some other antigens (~16, ~36, ~45 and ~60 kDa) reacted with most of TB and a subset of HHC sera. Frequencies of classical memory B cells (cMBCs, CD19+CD27+) were significantly higher, and of IgG+ cMBCs were significantly lower in HHCs than in patients. Frequencies of IgA+ cMBCs in HHCs and patients were comparable but both were significantly higher than the corresponding frequencies of IgG+ cMBCs. Frequencies of IgA+ atypical MBCs (aMBCs, CD19+CD27-) in HHCs and patients were also comparable and significantly higher than the IgG+ aMBCs. The plasmablast (CD19+CD27++CD38++) frequencies in HHCs and patients were comparable. These results suggest that the IgM/IgG antibody ratio, antibody binding to selected MtM antigens and relative frequencies of MBC subsets could indicate protective or pathogenic immune responses following the primary infection with Mtb. Responses that orchestrate protection leading to a 'quiescent' LTBI may provide clues to an effective vaccination strategy against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Fareha Umam
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Prerna Kapoor
- DOTS Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudhir Sinha
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: (AA); (SS)
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: (AA); (SS)
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25
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George E, Goswami A, Lodhiya T, Padwal P, Iyer S, Gauttam I, Sethi L, Jeyasankar S, Sharma PR, Dravid AA, Mukherjee R, Agarwal R. Immunomodulatory effect of mycobacterial outer membrane vesicles coated nanoparticles. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213003. [PMID: 35882150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most widely prevalent infectious diseases that cause significant mortality. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the current TB vaccine used in clinics, shows variable efficacy and has safety concerns for immunocompromised patients. There is a need to develop new and more effective TB vaccines. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are vesicles released by Mycobacteria that contain several lipids and membrane proteins and act as a good source of antigens to prime immune response. However, the use of OMVs as vaccines has been hampered by their heterogeneous size and low stability. Here we report that mycobacterial OMVs can be stabilized by coating over uniform-sized 50 nm gold nanoparticles. The OMV-coated gold nanoparticles (OMV-AuNP) show enhanced uptake and activation of macrophages and dendritic cells. Proteinase K and TLR inhibitor studies demonstrated that the enhanced activation was attributed to proteins present on OMVs and was mediated primarily by TLR2 and TLR4. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed several potential membrane proteins that were common in both free OMVs and OMV-AuNP. Such strategies may open up new avenues and the utilization of novel antigens for developing TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna George
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Avijit Goswami
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Tejan Lodhiya
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India
| | - Priyanka Padwal
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shalini Iyer
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Iti Gauttam
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Lakshay Sethi
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sharumathi Jeyasankar
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pallavi Raj Sharma
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ameya Atul Dravid
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Raju Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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26
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Melkie ST, Arias L, Farroni C, Jankovic Makek M, Goletti D, Vilaplana C. The role of antibodies in tuberculosis diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy: a review from the ESGMYC study group. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/163/210218. [PMID: 35264411 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0218-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still responsible for the deaths of >1 million people yearly worldwide, and therefore its correct diagnosis is one of the key components of any TB eradication programme. However, current TB diagnostic tests have many limitations, and improved diagnostic accuracy is urgently needed. To improve the diagnostic performance of traditional serology, a combination of different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens and different antibody isotypes has been suggested, with some showing promising performance for the diagnosis of active TB. Given the incomplete protection conferred by bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against adult pulmonary TB, efforts to discover novel TB vaccines are ongoing. Efficacy studies from advanced TB vaccines designed to stimulate cell-mediated immunity failed to show protection, suggesting that they may not be sufficient and warranting the need for other types of immunity. The role of antibodies as tools for TB therapy, TB diagnosis and TB vaccine design is discussed. Finally, we propose that the inclusion of antibody-based TB vaccines in current clinical trials may be advisable to improve protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tibebu Melkie
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain.,UCBL, UnivLyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lilibeth Arias
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Farroni
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Mateja Jankovic Makek
- Dept for Respiratory Diseases, University Clinical Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,ESCMID (European Society on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) study group on mycobacterial infections, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.,ESCMID (European Society on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) study group on mycobacterial infections, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Vilaplana
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,ESCMID (European Society on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) study group on mycobacterial infections, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Carpenter SM, Lu LL. Leveraging Antibody, B Cell and Fc Receptor Interactions to Understand Heterogeneous Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830482. [PMID: 35371092 PMCID: PMC8968866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite over a century of research, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), continues to kill 1.5 million people annually. Though less than 10% of infected individuals develop active disease, the specific host immune responses that lead to Mtb transmission and death, as well as those that are protective, are not yet fully defined. Recent immune correlative studies demonstrate that the spectrum of infection and disease is more heterogenous than has been classically defined. Moreover, emerging translational and animal model data attribute a diverse immune repertoire to TB outcomes. Thus, protective and detrimental immune responses to Mtb likely encompass a framework that is broader than T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity. Antibodies, Fc receptor interactions and B cells are underexplored host responses to Mtb. Poised at the interface of initial bacterial host interactions and in granulomatous lesions, antibodies and Fc receptors expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T and B cells have the potential to influence local and systemic adaptive immune responses. Broadening the paradigm of protective immunity will offer new paths to improve diagnostics and vaccines to reduce the morbidity and mortality of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Carpenter
- Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lenette L. Lu
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, United States
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Tsegaye Y, Admassu W, Edao A, Kinde S, Gentu M, Negash M, Wondmagegn T, Gize A, Zewdie M, Bobosha K, Wassie L. Alteration of Endocrine Hormones and Antibody Responses in Different Spectrum of Tuberculosis Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849321. [PMID: 35281036 PMCID: PMC8913483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is mediated by multifaceted factors that involve both the endocrine and immune system. Profiling hormones and antibodies in different stages of TB provides insight in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, we profiled endocrine hormones (dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, testosterone, estradiol, growth hormone and leptins) and Mtb strain H37RV lipoarabinomannan (LAM)-specific antibody levels in plasma samples, collected from pulmonary TB (PTB) patients, TB lymphadenitis (TBLN) patients and latently infected (QFT-positive) or uninfected (QFT-negative) apparently healthy individuals using ELISA. Plasma levels of leptin and DHEA were significantly low in PTB and TBLN patients compared to healthy controls (P<0.0001 and P=0.02, respectively), whereas these levels significantly increased following anti-TB treatment (P=0.002 and P=0.0001, respectively) among TB patients. The levels of estradiol and testosterone significantly improved following anti-TB treatment (P=0.03 and P=0.0003, respectively), whereas cortisol and growth hormones declined significantly (P <0.05). Similarly, LAM-specific IgG, IgM and IgA were significantly higher in PTB patients compared to other groups, whereas levels of IgG1 subtype were significantly higher among LTBI groups compared to both TB patients and QFT-negative individuals (P<0.0001). Overall, we observed significantly variable levels of endocrine hormones as well as immunoglobulins across the spectrum of TB illness and such profiling has a significant contribution in selection of effective biomarkers that have roles in TB treatment monitoring or diagnostics. Although this study did not show a functional association between hormones and antibodies, alterations in the levels of these biomarkers suggest the key roles these markers play in TB pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Tsegaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Mycobacterial Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wasihun Admassu
- Mycobacterial Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Immunology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Edao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Kinde
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meaza Gentu
- Department of Immunology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Negash
- Department of Immunology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Addisu Gize
- Department of Microbiology, St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Martha Zewdie
- Mycobacterial Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kidist Bobosha
- Mycobacterial Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Liya Wassie
- Mycobacterial Diseases Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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29
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Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Andrade CA, Ramírez MA, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. BCG vaccination induces cross-protective immunity against pathogenic microorganisms. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:322-335. [PMID: 35074254 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain used as a vaccine to prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection. Its ability to potentiate the immune response induced by other vaccines and to promote nonspecific immunomodulatory effects has been described. These effects can be triggered by epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic shifts on innate immune cells, a phenomenon known as trained immunity. The induction of trained immunity may contribute to explain why BCG vaccination effectively decreases disease symptoms caused by pathogens different from M. tb. This article explains the importance of BCG immunization and the possible mechanisms associated with the induction of trained immunity, which might be used as a strategy for rapid activation of the immune system against unrelated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Soto
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Nicolás M S Gálvez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Mario A Ramírez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile.
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30
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Qu M, Zhou X, Li H. BCG vaccination strategies against tuberculosis: updates and perspectives. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5284-5295. [PMID: 34856853 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2007711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). However, BCG has variable efficacy and cannot completely prevent TB infection and transmission. Therefore, the worldwide prevalence of TB calls for urgent development of a more effective TB vaccine. In the absence of other approved vaccines, it is also necessary to improve the efficacy of BCG itself. Intravenous (IV) BCG administration and BCG revaccination strategies have recently shown promising results for clinical usage. Therefore, it is necessary for us to revisit the BCG vaccination strategies and summarize the current research updates related to BCG vaccination. This literature review provides an updated overview and perspectives of the immunization strategies against TB using BCG, which may inspire the following research on TB vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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31
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Du X, Tan D, Gong Y, Zhang Y, Han J, Lv W, Xie T, He P, Hou Z, Xu K, Tan J, Zhu B. A new poly(I:C)-decorated PLGA-PEG nanoparticle promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein to induce comprehensive immune responses in mice intranasally. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105335. [PMID: 34861347 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based subunit vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) is regarded as safer but with lower immunogenicity. To investigate effective adjuvant to improve the immunogenicity of TB subunit vaccine, we modified ploy(I:C) onto PLGA-PEG copolymer nanoparticle with polydopamine to produce a new nanoparticle adjuvant named "PLGA-PEG-poly(I:C)" (NP). M. tuberculosis fusion proteins Mtb10.4-HspX and ESAT-6-Rv2626c (M4) were encapsulated in the nanoparticles to produce the NP/M4 subunit vaccine. The PLGA-PEG/M4 nanoparticle was 200.21 ± 1.07 nm in diameter, and the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.127 ± 0.02. Following modification with poly(I:C) by polydopamine, the NP/M4 was administered to C57BL/6 female mice intranasally and the immune responses were evaluated. The NP/M4 significantly induced antigen-specific CD4+ T cells proliferation, IL-2 and IFN-γ production. In addition, the NP/M4 could promote the production of antigen-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2c in serum, and sIgA in lung washings. Overall, our results indicated that the NP would be a potential TB subunit vaccine adjuvant with the ability to induce strong Th1-type cell-mediated immunity and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Du
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Daquan Tan
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Gong
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiangyuan Han
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pu He
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zongjie Hou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiying Tan
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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32
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Ishida E, Corrigan DT, Malonis RJ, Hofmann D, Chen T, Amin AG, Chatterjee D, Joe M, Lowary TL, Lai JR, Achkar JM. Monoclonal antibodies from humans with Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure or latent infection recognize distinct arabinomannan epitopes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1181. [PMID: 34642445 PMCID: PMC8511196 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface polysacharide arabinomannan (AM) and related glycolipid lipoarabinomannan (LAM) play critical roles in tuberculosis pathogenesis. Human antibody responses to AM/LAM are heterogenous and knowledge of reactivity to specific glycan epitopes at the monoclonal level is limited, especially in individuals who can control M. tuberculosis infection. We generated human IgG mAbs to AM/LAM from B cells of two asymptomatic individuals exposed to or latently infected with M. tuberculosis. Here, we show that two of these mAbs have high affinity to AM/LAM, are non-competing, and recognize different glycan epitopes distinct from other anti-AM/LAM mAbs reported. Both mAbs recognize virulent M. tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria with marked differences, can be used for the detection of urinary LAM, and can detect M. tuberculosis and LAM in infected lungs. These mAbs enhance our understanding of the spectrum of antibodies to AM/LAM epitopes in humans and are valuable for tuberculosis diagnostic and research applications. Elise Ishida et al. generate human monoclonal antibodies that can selectively recognize specific oligosaccharide epitopes of the polysaccharides arabinomannan and lipoarabinomannan, which are critical for M. tuberculosis pathogenesis. The authors demonstrate the utility of these antibodies in both diagnostic and laboratory settings, making them important tools for M. tuberculosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ishida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Devin T Corrigan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ryan J Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Hofmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anita G Amin
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Delphi Chatterjee
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maju Joe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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33
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The role of microbiota in respiratory health and diseases, particularly in tuberculosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112108. [PMID: 34560539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of beneficial and hostile microorganisms live in the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, which act as gatekeepers in maintaining human health, i.e., protecting the body from pathogens by colonizing mucosal surfaces with microbiota-derived antimicrobial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids or host-derived cytokines and chemokines. It is widely accepted that the microbiome interacts with each other and with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship. Microbiota in the respiratory tract may also play a crucial role in immune homeostasis, maturation, and maintenance of respiratory physiology. Anti-TB antibiotics may cause dysbiosis in the lung and intestinal microbiota, affecting colonization resistance and making the host more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the lung microbiota composition, the lungs and intestinal microbiota related to respiratory health and diseases, microbiome sequencing and analysis, the bloodstream, and the lymphatic system that underpin the gut-lung axis in M. tuberculosis-infected humans and animals. We also discuss the gut-lung axis interactions with the immune system, the role of the microbiome in TB pathogenesis, and the impact of anti-TB antibiotic therapy on the microbiota in animals, humans, and drug-resistant TB individuals.
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Boom WH, Schaible UE, Achkar JM. The knowns and unknowns of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136222. [PMID: 33529162 DOI: 10.1172/jci136222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) for thousands of years. While tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest infectious diseases, is caused by uncontrolled Mtb infection, over 90% of presumed infected individuals remain asymptomatic and contain Mtb in a latent TB infection (LTBI) without ever developing disease, and some may clear the infection. A small number of heavily Mtb-exposed individuals appear to resist developing traditional LTBI. Because Mtb has mechanisms for intracellular survival and immune evasion, successful control involves all of the arms of the immune system. Here, we focus on immune responses to Mtb in humans and nonhuman primates and discuss new concepts and outline major knowledge gaps in our understanding of LTBI, ranging from the earliest events of exposure and infection to success or failure of Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Division of Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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35
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Foreman HCC, Frank A, Stedman TT. Determination of variable region sequences from hybridoma immunoglobulins that target Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256079. [PMID: 34415957 PMCID: PMC8378720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects one-quarter of the world's population. Mtb and HIV coinfections enhance the comorbidity of tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS, accounting for one-third of all AIDS-associated mortalities. Humoral antibody to Mtb correlates with TB susceptibility, and engineering of Mtb antibodies may lead to new diagnostics and therapeutics. The characterization and validation of functional immunoglobulin (Ig) variable chain (IgV) sequences provide a necessary first step towards developing therapeutic antibodies against pathogens. The virulence-associated Mtb antigens SodA (Superoxide Dismutase), KatG (Catalase), PhoS1/PstS1 (regulatory factor), and GroES (heat shock protein) are potential therapeutic targets but lacked IgV sequence characterization. Putative IgV sequences were identified from the mRNA of hybridomas targeting these antigens and isotype-switched into a common immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) backbone, subclass IgG2aκ. Antibodies were validated by demonstrating recombinant Ig assembly and secretion, followed by the determination of antigen-binding specificity using ELISA and immunoblot assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Chang Foreman
- BEI Resources, ATCC., Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HCCF); (TTS)
| | - Andrew Frank
- BEI Resources, ATCC., Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Timothy T. Stedman
- BEI Resources, ATCC., Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HCCF); (TTS)
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36
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Kumar SK, Arya S, Singh A, Misra R, Aggarwal A, Sinha S. Patterns of T and B cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis membrane-associated antigens and their relationship with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients with latent tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255639. [PMID: 34339423 PMCID: PMC8328311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring whether latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) contributes to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in a TB endemic setting. We screened 198 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with tuberculin skin test (TST) and studied 61 (median DAS28-ESR = 6.3) who were positive. Whole blood T cell proliferative responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) membrane (MtM) antigens, including the latency-induced protein alpha crystallin (Acr), were determined by flow cytometry using Ki67 expression as the marker for nuclear proliferation. Serum antibody levels were determined by ELISA. Follow-up investigations (at 3–6, 9–12 and 15–18 months after baseline) were performed in 41 patients who were classified empirically as ‘high’ (HR-T/HR-B) or ‘low’ (LR-T/LR-B) responders based on their dynamic T cell or antibody responses. Significant correlations were seen between baseline T cell responses to MtM and Acr, and between IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to MtM. However, no correlation was seen between T and B cell responses. At all time points during the follow-up, T cell responses to both antigens (except for MtM at one point) were significantly higher in HR-T (n = 25) than LR-T (n = 16) patients. Levels of IgA and IgM (but not IgG) antibodies to MtM were also significantly higher in HR-B (n = 13) than LR-B (n = 28) at all time points. Importantly, HR-T patients exhibited significantly higher baseline and follow-up DAS28 scores than LR-T. Ten (of 61) patients had a history of TB and developed RA 6 years (median) after contracting TB. Three new TB cases (1 from TST-positive and 2 from TST-negative groups) emerged during the follow-up. Our results suggest that persistently elevated T cell responses to Mtb antigens may contribute to disease activity in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Kumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Suvrat Arya
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Ramnath Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: , (SS); , (AA)
| | - Sudhir Sinha
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: , (SS); , (AA)
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37
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Soe PT, Hanthamrongwit J, Saelee C, Kyaw SP, Khaenam P, Warit S, Satproedprai N, Mahasirimongkol S, Yanai H, Chootong P, Leepiyasakulchai C. Circulating IgA/IgG memory B cells against Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy-associated antigens Rv2659c and Rv3128c in active and latent tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:75-82. [PMID: 34284090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the antigenic potential of dormancy-associated antigens Rv2659c and Rv3128c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by examining the persistence of specific IgG and IgA memory B cells (MBCs) among patients with active tuberculosis (TB), household contacts with latent tuberculosis (LTBI), and an endemic healthy control group. METHODS Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the three study groups were used to enumerate the numbers of IgG and IgA MBCs specific to recombinant protein Rv2659c and Rv3128c by ELISpot assay. The composition of MBC subsets IgA+ and IgG + was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The number of IgA MBCs specific to antigen Rv2659c was significantly higher in the LTBI group than the TB group. In contrast, no significant difference was found in IgA or IgG MBCs against antigen Rv3128c. The number of IgA+ MBCs was significantly higher than that of IgG+ MBCs in the classical MBC subset of the LTBI group. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the dormancy-associated antigen Rv2659c induced an IgA MBCs response in individuals with latent TB, and IgA+ classical MBCs formed a major portion of the MBCs subset. This new knowledge will be beneficial for the development of novel TB vaccines and their control of latent TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyu Thwe Soe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Technology, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Jariya Hanthamrongwit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutiphon Saelee
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soe Paing Kyaw
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, (1000) Bedded General Hospital, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Center of Standardization and Product Validation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saradee Warit
- Industrial Tuberculosis Team, IMMBRG, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), NSTDA, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nusara Satproedprai
- Genomic Medicine and Innovation Support Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
- Genomic Medicine and Innovation Support Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Hideki Yanai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaniya Leepiyasakulchai
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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38
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Hermann C, King CG. TB or not to be: what specificities and impact do antibodies have during tuberculosis? OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab015. [PMID: 36845566 PMCID: PMC9914581 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. The primary barrier to the development of an effective tuberculosis vaccine is our failure to fully understand the fundamental characteristics of a protective immune response. There is an increasing evidence that mobilization of antibody and B cell responses during natural Mtb infection and vaccination play a role in host protection. Several studies have assessed the levels of Mtb-specific antibodies induced during active disease as well as the potential of monoclonal antibodies to modulate bacterial growth in vitro and in vivo. A major limitation of these studies, however, is that the specific antigens capable of eliciting humoral responses are largely unknown. As a result, information about antibody dynamics and function, which might fundamentally transform our understanding of host Mtb immunity, is missing. Importantly, Mtb infection also induces the recruitment, accumulation and colocalization of B and T cells in the lung, which are positively correlated with protection in humans and animal models of disease. These ectopic lymphoid tissues generally support local germinal center reactions for the proliferation and ongoing selection of effector and memory B cells in the mucosa. Efforts to leverage such responses for human health, however, require a more complete understanding of how antibodies and B cells contribute to the local and systemic host Mtb immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Hermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn G King
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland,Correspondence address. Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. Tel: +41 61 265 3874; E-mail:
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39
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Grace PS, Dolatshahi S, Lu LL, Cain A, Palmieri F, Petrone L, Fortune SM, Ottenhoff THM, Lauffenburger DA, Goletti D, Joosten SA, Alter G. Antibody Subclass and Glycosylation Shift Following Effective TB Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679973. [PMID: 34290702 PMCID: PMC8287567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 25% of the global population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death by infectious diseases. Humoral immunity following TB treatment is largely uncharacterized, and antibody profiling could provide insights into disease resolution. Here we focused on the distinctive TB-specific serum antibody features in active TB disease (ATB) and compared them with latent TB infection (LTBI) or treated ATB (txATB). As expected, di-galactosylated glycan structures (lacking sialic acid) found on IgG-Fc differentiated LTBI from ATB, but also discriminated txATB from ATB. Moreover, TB-specific IgG4 emerged as a novel antibody feature that correlated with active disease, elevated in ATB, but significantly diminished after therapy. These findings highlight 2 novel TB-specific antibody changes that track with the resolution of TB and may provide key insights to guide TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S. Grace
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sepideh Dolatshahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lenette L. Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Adam Cain
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI) L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Delia Goletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI) L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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40
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an infectious disease of global significance and a
leading cause of death in low- and middle-income countries. Significant effort
has been directed towards understanding Mycobacterium
tuberculosis genomics, virulence, and pathophysiology within the
framework of Koch postulates. More recently, the advent of “-omics” approaches
has broadened our appreciation of how “commensal” microbes have coevolved with
their host and have a central role in shaping health and susceptibility to
disease. It is now clear that there is a diverse repertoire of interactions
between the microbiota and host immune responses that can either sustain or
disrupt homeostasis. In the context of the global efforts to combatting TB, such
findings and knowledge have raised important questions: Does microbiome
composition indicate or determine susceptibility or resistance to
M. tuberculosis infection? Is the
development of active disease or latent infection upon M.
tuberculosis exposure influenced by the microbiome? Does
microbiome composition influence TB therapy outcome and risk of reinfection with
M. tuberculosis? Can the microbiome be
actively managed to reduce risk of M.
tuberculosis infection or recurrence of TB? Here, we
explore these questions with a particular focus on microbiome-immune
interactions that may affect TB susceptibility, manifestation and progression,
the long-term implications of anti-TB therapy, as well as the potential of the
host microbiome as target for clinical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mori
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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41
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Rijnink WF, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA. B-Cells and Antibodies as Contributors to Effector Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640168. [PMID: 33679802 PMCID: PMC7930078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still a major threat to mankind, urgently requiring improved vaccination and therapeutic strategies to reduce TB-disease burden. Most present vaccination strategies mainly aim to induce cell-mediated immunity (CMI), yet a series of independent studies has shown that B-cells and antibodies (Abs) may contribute significantly to reduce the mycobacterial burden. Although early studies using B-cell knock out animals did not support a major role for B-cells, more recent studies have provided new evidence that B-cells and Abs can contribute significantly to host defense against Mtb. B-cells and Abs exist in many different functional subsets, each equipped with unique functional properties. In this review, we will summarize current evidence on the contribution of B-cells and Abs to immunity toward Mtb, their potential utility as biomarkers, and their functional contribution to Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn F Rijnink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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42
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Watson A, Li H, Ma B, Weiss R, Bendayan D, Abramovitz L, Ben-Shalom N, Mor M, Pinko E, Bar Oz M, Wang Z, Du F, Lu Y, Rybniker J, Dahan R, Huang H, Barkan D, Xiang Y, Javid B, Freund NT. Human antibodies targeting a Mycobacterium transporter protein mediate protection against tuberculosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:602. [PMID: 33504803 PMCID: PMC7840946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exposure drives antibody responses, but whether patients with active tuberculosis elicit protective antibodies, and against which antigens, is still unclear. Here we generate monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells of one patient to investigate the B cell responses during active infection. The antibodies, members of four distinct B cell clones, are directed against the Mtb phosphate transporter subunit PstS1. Antibodies p4-36 and p4-163 reduce Mycobacterium bovis-BCG and Mtb levels in an ex vivo human whole blood growth inhibition assay in an FcR-dependent manner; meanwhile, germline versions of p4-36 and p4-163 do not bind Mtb. Crystal structures of p4-36 and p4-170, complexed to PstS1, are determined at 2.1 Å and 2.4 Å resolution, respectively, to reveal two distinctive PstS1 epitopes. Lastly, a prophylactic p4-36 and p4-163 treatment in Mtb-infected Balb/c mice reduces bacterial lung burden by 50%. Our study shows that inhibitory anti-PstS1 B cell responses arise during active tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avia Watson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Hao Li
- Centre for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingting Ma
- Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ronen Weiss
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Daniele Bendayan
- Pulmonary and Tuberculosis Department, Shmuel Harofe Hospital, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Lilach Abramovitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Noam Ben-Shalom
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Michael Mor
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Erica Pinko
- Pulmonary and Tuberculosis Department, Shmuel Harofe Hospital, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Michal Bar Oz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zhenqi Wang
- Centre for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjiao Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jan Rybniker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Rony Dahan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hairong Huang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Barkan
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ye Xiang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Babak Javid
- Centre for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Natalia T Freund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
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43
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Abstract
B cell subsets differ in development, tissue distribution, and mechanisms of activation. In response to infections, however, all can differentiate into extrafollicular plasmablasts that rapidly provide highly protective antibodies, indicating that these plasmablasts are the main humoral immune response effectors. Yet, the effectiveness of this response type depends on the presence of antigen-specific precursors in the circulating mature B cell pool, a pool that is generated initially through the stochastic processes of B cell receptor assembly. Importantly, germinal centers then mold the repertoire of this B cell pool to be increasingly responsive to pathogens by generating a broad array of antimicrobial memory B cells that act as highly effective precursors of extrafollicular plasmablasts. Such B cell repertoire molding occurs in two ways: continuously via the chronic germinal centers of mucosal lymphoid tissues, driven by the presence of the microbiome, and via de novo generated germinal centers following acute infections. For effectively evaluating humoral immunity as a correlate of immune protection, it might be critical to measure memory B cell pools in addition to antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
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44
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Dijkman K, Aguilo N, Boot C, Hofman SO, Sombroek CC, Vervenne RA, Kocken CH, Marinova D, Thole J, Rodríguez E, Vierboom MP, Haanstra KG, Puentes E, Martin C, Verreck FA. Pulmonary MTBVAC vaccination induces immune signatures previously correlated with prevention of tuberculosis infection. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100187. [PMID: 33521701 PMCID: PMC7817873 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To fight tuberculosis, better vaccination strategies are needed. Live attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived vaccine, MTBVAC, is a promising candidate in the pipeline, proven to be safe and immunogenic in humans so far. Independent studies have shown that pulmonary mucosal delivery of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only tuberculosis (TB) vaccine available today, confers superior protection over standard intradermal immunization. Here we demonstrate that mucosal MTBVAC is well tolerated, eliciting polyfunctional T helper type 17 cells, interleukin-10, and immunoglobulins in the airway and yielding a broader antigenic profile than BCG in rhesus macaques. Beyond our previous work, we show that local immunoglobulins, induced by MTBVAC and BCG, bind to M. tuberculosis and enhance pathogen uptake. Furthermore, after pulmonary vaccination, but not M. tuberculosis infection, local T cells expressed high levels of mucosal homing and tissue residency markers. Our data show that pulmonary MTBVAC administration has the potential to enhance its efficacy and justifies further exploration of mucosal vaccination strategies in preclinical efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Dijkman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Nacho Aguilo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charelle Boot
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Sam O. Hofman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Dessislava Marinova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jelle Thole
- TuBerculosis Vaccine Initiative (TBVI), Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Martin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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45
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van Gool MMJ, van Egmond M. IgA and FcαRI: Versatile Players in Homeostasis, Infection, and Autoimmunity. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 9:351-372. [PMID: 33447585 PMCID: PMC7801909 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s266242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces constitute the frontiers of the body and are the biggest barriers of our body for the outside world. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody class present at these sites. It passively contributes to mucosal homeostasis via immune exclusion maintaining a tight balance between tolerating commensals and providing protection against pathogens. Once pathogens have succeeded in invading the epithelial barriers, IgA has an active role in host-pathogen defense by activating myeloid cells through divers receptors, including its Fc receptor, FcαRI (CD89). To evade elimination, several pathogens secrete proteins that interfere with either IgA neutralization or FcαRI-mediated immune responses, emphasizing the importance of IgA-FcαRI interactions in preventing infection. Depending on the IgA form, either anti- or pro-inflammatory responses can be induced. Moreover, the presence of excessive IgA immune complexes can result in continuous FcαRI-mediated activation of myeloid cells, potentially leading to severe tissue damage. On the one hand, enhancing pathogen-specific mucosal and systemic IgA by vaccination may increase protective immunity against infectious diseases. On the other hand, interfering with the IgA-FcαRI axis by monovalent targeting or blocking FcαRI may resolve IgA-induced inflammation and tissue damage. This review describes the multifaceted role of FcαRI as immune regulator between anti- and pro-inflammatory responses of IgA, and addresses potential novel therapeutic strategies that target FcαRI in disease. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/xlijXy5W0xA
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Maria Johanna van Gool
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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46
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Chen T, Blanc C, Liu Y, Ishida E, Singer S, Xu J, Joe M, Jenny-Avital ER, Chan J, Lowary TL, Achkar JM. Capsular glycan recognition provides antibody-mediated immunity against tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1808-1822. [PMID: 31935198 DOI: 10.1172/jci128459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of all immune components involved in protecting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is urgently needed to inform strategies for novel immunotherapy and tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development. Although cell-mediated immunity is critical, increasing evidence supports that antibodies also have a protective role against TB. Yet knowledge of protective antigens is limited. Analyzing sera from 97 US immigrants at various stages of M. tuberculosis infection, we showed protective in vitro and in vivo efficacy of polyclonal IgG against the M. tuberculosis capsular polysaccharide arabinomannan (AM). Using recently developed glycan arrays, we established that anti-AM IgG induced in natural infection is highly heterogeneous in its binding specificity and differs in both its reactivity to oligosaccharide motifs within AM and its functions in bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination and/or in controlled (latent) versus uncontrolled (TB) M. tuberculosis infection. We showed that anti-AM IgG from asymptomatic but not from diseased individuals was protective and provided data suggesting a potential role of IgG2 and specific AM oligosaccharides. Filling a gap in the current knowledge of protective antigens in humans, our data support the key role of the M. tuberculosis surface glycan AM and suggest the importance of targeting specific glycan epitopes within AM in antibody-mediated immunity against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Caroline Blanc
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Elise Ishida
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Singer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jiayong Xu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Maju Joe
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - John Chan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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47
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Lai JY, Lim TS. Infectious disease antibodies for biomedical applications: A mini review of immune antibody phage library repertoire. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:640-648. [PMID: 32650013 PMCID: PMC7340592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody phage display is regarded as a critical tool for the development of monoclonal antibodies for infectious diseases. The different classes of antibody libraries are classified based on the source of repertoire used to generate the libraries. Immune antibody libraries are generated from disease infected host or immunization against an infectious agent. Antibodies derived from immune libraries are distinct from those derived from naïve libraries as the host's in vivo immune mechanisms shape the antibody repertoire to yield high affinity antibodies. As the immune system is constantly evolving in accordance to the health state of an individual, immune libraries can offer more than just infection-specific antibodies but also antibodies derived from the memory B-cells much like naïve libraries. The combinatorial nature of the gene cloning process would give rise to a combination of natural and un-natural antibody gene pairings in the immune library. These factors have a profound impact on the coverage of immune antibody libraries to target both disease-specific and non-disease specific antigens. This review looks at the diverse nature of antibody responses for immune library generation and discusses the extended potential of a disease-specified immune library in the context of phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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48
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Tran AC, Diogo GR, Paul MJ, Copland A, Hart P, Mehta N, Irvine EB, Mussá T, Drake PMW, Ivanyi J, Alter G, Reljic R. Mucosal Therapy of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis With IgA and Interferon-γ. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582833. [PMID: 33193394 PMCID: PMC7606302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New evidence has been emerging that antibodies can be protective in various experimental models of tuberculosis. Here, we report on protection against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infection using a combination of the human monoclonal IgA 2E9 antibody against the alpha-crystallin (Acr, HspX) antigen and mouse interferon-gamma in mice transgenic for the human IgA receptor, CD89. The effect of the combined mucosal IgA and IFN-γ; treatment was strongest (50-fold reduction) when therapy was applied at the time of infection, but a statistically significant reduction of lung bacterial load was observed even when the therapy was initiated once the infection had already been established. The protection involving enhanced phagocytosis and then neutrophil mediated killing of infected cells was IgA isotype mediated, because treatment with an IgG version of 2E9 antibody was not effective in human IgG receptor CD64 transgenic mice. The Acr antigen specificity of IgA antibodies for protection in humans has been indicated by their elevated serum levels in latent tuberculosis unlike the lack of IgA antibodies against the virulence-associated MPT64 antigen. Our results represent the first evidence for potential translation of mucosal immunotherapy for the management of MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gil R Diogo
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Copland
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hart
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Ragon Institute, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Tufária Mussá
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.,Departamento de Plataformas Tecnológicas em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pascal M W Drake
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juraj Ivanyi
- Departamento de Plataformas Tecnológicas em Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique.,Guy's Campus of King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
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49
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Kimuda SG, Andia-Biraro I, Sebina I, Egesa M, Nalwoga A, Smith SG, Bagaya BS, Levin J, Elliott AM, Raynes JG, Cose S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with increased B cell responses to unrelated pathogens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14324. [PMID: 32868810 PMCID: PMC7458924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), have been shown to stimulate human B cell responses to unrelated recall antigens in vitro. However, it is not known whether natural M.tb infection or whether vaccination with, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, has a similar effect. This study investigated the effects of M.tb infection and BCG vaccination on B cell responses to heterologous pathogen recall antigens. Antibodies against several bacterial and viral pathogens were quantified by ELISA in 68 uninfected controls, 62 individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) and 107 active pulmonary TB (APTB) cases, and 24 recently BCG-vaccinated adolescents and naive controls. Antibody avidity was investigated using surface plasmon resonance and B cell ELISPOTs were used to measure plasmablast and memory B cell responses (MBC) in APTB cases and healthy donor controls. APTB was associated with higher levels of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus, compared to uninfected controls. BCG vaccination did not alter levels of antibodies against heterologous pathogens. Tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific antibody avidity was increased in APTB cases in comparison to uninfected individuals and the ratio of TT-specific plasmablasts to MBCs in the APTB cases was 7:1. M.tb infection is associated with increased antibody responses to heterologous pathogens in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Kimuda
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Andia-Biraro
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ismail Sebina
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Moses Egesa
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Angela Nalwoga
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Steven G Smith
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bernard S Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Levin
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - John G Raynes
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen Cose
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda. .,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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50
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Nutritional status positively impacts humoral immunity against its Mycobacterium tuberculosis, disease progression, and vaccine development. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237062. [PMID: 32760105 PMCID: PMC7410285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status contributes to the regulation of immune responses against pathogens, and malnutrition has been considered as a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB, can modulate host lipid metabolism and induce lipid accumulation in macrophages, where the bacilli adopt a dormant phenotype. In addition, serum lipid components play dual roles in the regulation of and protection from Mtb infection. We analyzed the relationship between nutritional status and the humoral immune response in TB patients. We found that serum HDL levels are positively correlated with the serum IgA specific for Mtb antigens. Analysis of the relationship between serum nutritional parameters and clinical parameters in TB patients showed that serum albumin and CRP levels were negatively correlated before treatment. We also observed reduced serum LDL levels in TB patients following treatment. These findings may provide insight into the role of serum lipids in host immune responses against Mtb infection. Furthermore, improving the nutritional status may enhance vaccination efficacy.
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