1
|
Casswell S, Babor TF, Carah N, Jernigan DH, Petticrew M. Normative value of 'best buys' and the case of bans on alcohol marketing. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e015708. [PMID: 39106990 PMCID: PMC11308874 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Casswell
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, Massey University Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas F Babor
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicholas Carah
- School of Communication and Arts, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - David H Jernigan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Petticrew
- PHP, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chan RHW, Dong D, Yu J, Kim JH. Who is being targeted by alcohol social media marketing? A study of Chinese young adults in Hong Kong. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38951715 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the widespread use of social media by young adults, the alcohol industry has been increasingly using social media marketing (SMM) to target potential customers. This study examines the prevalence and factors associated with past-month exposure to alcohol SMM among young Chinese adults, a group with rapidly increasing uptake of alcohol consumption. METHODS An anonymous, random telephone survey was conducted between June and August 2021 on Hong Kong Chinese residents between 18 and 34 years old (n = 675). RESULTS Of respondents, 52.3% reported past-month exposure to alcohol SMM (68.6% of past-month drinkers and 48.0% of non-past-month drinkers, p < 0.05) while 71.6% reported exposure to non-SMM alcohol marketing. Direct alcohol SMM exposure was reported by 40.9% (e.g., business-to-consumer postings, alcohol banner ads) while 27.4% of respondents reported exposure to indirect alcohol SMM marketing (e.g., shared/'liked' alcohol brand posts). Of those exposed to alcohol SMM, 13.7-15.5% reported that the various forms indirect alcohol SMM influenced them to drink more (vs. 6.2-8.9% for direct alcohol SMM). Being male, lower-income, university educated and spirits/cocktail drinker were independently associated with exposure to direct alcohol SMM (ORmv 1.71-3.14). Past-month exposure to indirect alcohol SMM was independently associated with lower income, not working full-time and drinking any type of alcohol (ORmv 1.59-4.44). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The comparative effectiveness of indirect SMM on influencing young adults drinking intentions may be a form of peer endorsement of drinking. The pervasiveness of alcohol SMM and lack of alcohol SMM policies may indicate the need for greater alcohol marketing regulation in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rufina H W Chan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dong Dong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jiazhou Yu
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jean H Kim
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baumann S, Leão T. Industries, citizens, and non-governmental organizations' positioning and arguments used in European Union initiatives for alcohol taxation and cross-border regulation. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 129:104475. [PMID: 38971018 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European region has the highest daily alcohol consumption per capita and a high alcohol-related burden of disease. Policymaking at the European Union level is open to participation by interest groups, from public health organizations to alcohol industry representatives. This study aimed to map the interest groups present in the alcohol taxation and cross-border regulation initiatives and identify which arguments were used to support positions in favor or against them. METHODS We used qualitative content analysis on the comments submitted on the official European Commission website during the 2017, 2018, 2020, and 2022 participation periods. Interest groups were characterized considering their positioning, and arguments were identified and compared by position and type of initiative. RESULTS Opponents of changes to the structures of alcohol excise duties and cross-border regulations were mostly representatives of the alcohol and agricultural industries, and the proponents were mostly health-related nongovernmental organizations. Opponents of these initiatives used a wide variety of arguments, from economic and trade to health arguments, while proponents focused mainly on health arguments, such as the effectiveness of alcohol taxation in preventing alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION This study highlights the wide range of arguments used by opponents around alcohol control policies, contrasting with the health-centered arguments of proponents. It further shows that there is a lobbying network at the European Union level, combining national and international representatives of industry and non-governmental organizations. These findings provide an opportunity for better preparation for upcoming discussions on alcohol control at national and regional levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Baumann
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Leão
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park CS, Choi J, Choi J, Lee KY, Ahn HJ, Kwon S, Lee SR, Choi EK, Kwak SH, Oh S. Alcohol is neither a risk factor nor a protective factor for sudden cardiac death and/or fatal ventricular arrhythmia: A population-based study with genetic traits and alcohol consumption in the UK Biobank. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02531-1. [PMID: 38697272 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between alcohol consumption and the risk of sudden cardiac death and/or fatal ventricular arrhythmia remains controversial. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the association between alcohol consumption, genetic traits for alcohol metabolism, and the risk of sudden cardiac death and/or fatal ventricular arrhythmia. METHODS We identified 397,164 individuals enrolled between 2006 and 2010 from the UK Biobank database and followed them until 2021. Alcohol consumption was categorized as current nondrinkers (nondrinkers and ex-drinkers), mild drinkers, moderate drinkers, or heavy drinkers. Genetic traits of alcohol metabolism were stratified according to the polygenic risk score tertiles. The primary and secondary outcomes were a composite of sudden cardiac death and fatal ventricular arrhythmia as well as their individual components. RESULTS During follow-up (median 12.5 years), 3543 cases (0.89%) of clinical outcomes occurred. Although mild, moderate, and heavy drinkers showed deceased risks of outcomes compared with current nondrinkers, there was no prognostic difference among nondrinkers, mild drinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers. Ex-drinkers showed an increased risk in univariate analysis, but the significance was attenuated after adjusting covariates (hazard ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval 0.94-1.50). As a continuous variable, alcohol consumption was not associated with clinical outcomes (hazard ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 0.99-1.02). Consistent with these findings, there was no association between genetic traits for alcohol metabolism and the risk of clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Alcohol consumption was neither a protective factor nor a risk factor for sudden cardiac death or fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Genetic traits of alcohol metabolism were not associated with the clinical prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Soon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Division of Data Science Research, Innovative Biomedical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JungMin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonil Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ryoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seil Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stewart D, Madden M, McCambridge J. Brief interventions 2.0: a new agenda for alcohol policy, practice and research. Global Health 2024; 20:34. [PMID: 38641840 PMCID: PMC11031858 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-024-01031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol problems are increasing across the world and becoming more complex. Limitations to international evidence and practice mean that the screening and brief intervention paradigm forged in the 1980s is no longer fit for the purpose of informing how conversations about alcohol should take place in healthcare and other services. A new paradigm for brief interventions has been called for. BRIEF INTERVENTIONS 2.0: We must start with a re-appraisal of the roles of alcohol in society now and the damage it does to individual and population health. Industry marketing and older unresolved ideas about alcohol continue to impede honest and thoughtful conversations and perpetuate stigma, stereotypes, and outright fictions. This makes it harder to think about and talk about how alcohol affects health, well-being, and other aspects of life, and how we as a society should respond. To progress, brief interventions should not be restricted only to the self-regulation of one's own drinking. Content can be orientated to the properties of the drug itself and the overlooked problems it causes, the policy issues and the politics of a powerful globalised industry. This entails challenging and reframing stigmatising notions of alcohol problems, and incorporating wider alcohol policy measures and issues that are relevant to how people think about their own and others' drinking. We draw on recent empirical work to examine the implications of this agenda for practitioners and for changing the public conversation on alcohol. CONCLUSION Against a backdrop of continued financial pressures on health service delivery, this analysis provokes debate and invites new thinking on alcohol. We suggest that the case for advancing brief interventions version 2.0 is both compelling and urgent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Stewart
- School of Social Sciences and Professions, London Metropolitan University, London, N7 8DB, UK.
| | - Mary Madden
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pauzé E, Pinto A, Potvin Kent M. How frequently is alcohol advertised on television in Canada?: A cross-sectional study. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae020. [PMID: 38572726 PMCID: PMC10993171 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol marketing is a commercial driver of alcohol use, including among youth. This study sought to quantify and characterize alcohol advertising on broadcast television in Canada. METHODS Open-source television program logs for January to December 2018 submitted to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission by 147 stations with alcohol advertisements were analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 501 628 alcohol advertisements were broadcast. Four companies accounted for 83% of advertisements, namely, Anheuser-Busch in Bev (33.7%), Molson Coors (22.7%), Diageo (16.1%), and Arterra Wines Canada (10.8%). On conventional stations, advertising was highest on French-language stations [Median (Mdn) = 3224; interquartile range (IQR) = 2262] followed by those with programming in foreign/mixed languages (Mdn = 2679; IQR = 219) and English-language stations (Mdn = 1955; IQR = 1563). On speciality stations, advertising was most frequent on those primarily focused on sports programming (Mdn = 8036; IQR = 7393), movies and scripted shows (Mdn = 7463; IQR = 5937), and cooking (Mdn = 5498; IQR = 4032). On weekdays, 33% of alcohol ads aired from 6 to 9 a.m. and 3 to 9 p.m. and on weekends, 52% aired from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. when children or adolescents are more likely to be watching television. On youth-oriented stations (n = 4), 7937 alcohol advertisements were broadcast with most airing from 9 p.m. to midnight (44-45%) or 12-6 a.m. (50%) on both weekdays and weekends. CONCLUSIONS While few alcohol advertisements were broadcast on youth-oriented stations, young people in Canada are likely exposed to such advertising on programming intended for older or general audiences (e.g. sports). More research is needed to ascertain the extent to which broadcast television constitutes a source of alcohol advertising exposure among youth and to inform policies aimed at protecting them from the influence of such exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pauzé
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 25 University Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adena Pinto
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Doyle A, Foley R, Houghton F. A spatial examination of alcohol availability and the level of disadvantage of schools in Ireland. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:795. [PMID: 38481175 PMCID: PMC10938707 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of alcohol is a major factor in underage drinking and according to the alcohol harm paradox, those living in more deprived communities are more susceptible to the negative consequences of alcohol use, despite drinking the same or less than those from more affluent areas. Alcohol availability within the vicinity of the home or school normalises alcohol for schoolchildren. For the first time in the Republic of Ireland, this study examines the number of premises licensed to sell alcohol within 300 m of all schools in Ireland and differences in this number between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged schools. METHODS Using publicly available data from the Department of Education and Revenue, the addresses of all schools (n = 3,958) and all premises with at least one liquor licence (n = 14,840) were geocoded and analysed using the Geographic Information System software, Quantum GIS (QGIS). Schools were identified by their disadvantaged classification using the HP Pobal Deprivation Index and the number of liquor licences within 300 m of each school type was examined. To test for significant differences between schools' level of disadvantage, a combination of Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and Dunn-Bonferroni tests were used. RESULTS There was a mean of two licenced premises within 300 m of all schools in Ireland, but when disadvantaged schools were compared to non-disadvantaged schools, there was a significantly higher number of licenced premises around disadvantaged schools (p < .001). Primary schools are further classified according to their level of disadvantage and the results indicated that those schools classified as the most disadvantaged had a significantly greater number of liquor licences within 300 meters (p < .001). There was no significant difference in density of licenced premises when comparing disadvantaged secondary schools with non-disadvantaged secondary schools (p = .705). CONCLUSION Ireland is considering increasing alcohol availability through the Sale of Alcohol Bill, 2022. However, this analysis indicates already problematic numbers of licenced premises within close proximity of schools in Ireland. It is essential that the harms associated with alcohol availability are considered, especially for those living and attending school in disadvantaged communities, where higher numbers of licenced premises were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Doyle
- Health Research Board, Grattan House 67-72 Lower Mount Street, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ronan Foley
- Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Frank Houghton
- Technological University of the Shannon, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McCambridge J, Lesch M. Are we moving into a new era for alcohol policy globally? An analysis of the Global Alcohol Action Plan 2022-30. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014246. [PMID: 38388164 PMCID: PMC10895216 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Global Alcohol Action Plan 2022-30 (GAAP) represents an important milestone in policy implementation at the global level on alcohol and health. There has, however, been little attention paid to the GAAP in the research literature. With a focus on the alcohol industry, this analysis examines the content of, and prospects for, the GAAP. It is clear why stronger action on alcohol and health is needed. The health harming nature of alcohol and policy interference by industry are now clearly understood. The alcohol industry is now thus regarded primarily as a key part of the problem. The GAAP calls for action in six areas with specific roles for public health actors, and invites powerful industry actors to desist from harmful activities, within each area. The broad outline of what is expected of the alcohol industry is now clear. It remains unclear, however, how far countries will continue to face formidable opposition from the major alcohol companies and their surrogates, in adopting and implementing evidence-based measures. Governments must now act at speed, and it is unclear if the targets set for 2030 will be met. If this long-running public health policy failure continues, this will have dire consequences for low and middle income countries where the alcohol market is expanding. Stronger actions may also be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Lesch
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Politics and International Relations, University of York, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cook M, Critchlow N, O'Donnell R, MacLean S. Alcohol's contribution to climate change and other environmental degradation: a call for research. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae004. [PMID: 38305639 PMCID: PMC10836053 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity. The production, distribution and consumption of many fast-moving consumer goods contribute substantially to climate change, principally through releasing greenhouse gas emissions. Here we consider just some of the ways that alcohol-already a key contributor to an array of health, social and economic burdens-exacerbates environmental harms and climate change. We explore current evidence on alcohol production as a resource- and energy-intensive process, contributing to significant environmental degradation through water usage and other carbon emission costs. We argue that the impacts of alcohol production on climate change have been minimally explored by researchers. Yet the extent of the unfolding catastrophe beholds us to consider all available ways to mitigate unnecessary emissions, including from products such as alcohol. We then turn to suggestions for a research agenda on this topic, including investigations of commercial determinants, inequalities and product advice to help consumers choose lower-carbon options. We conclude by arguing that public health researchers already have an array of methodological expertise and experience that is well placed to produce the evidence needed to inform regulation and efforts by alcohol producers and consumers to minimize their contributions to environmental harms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cook
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Plenty Road, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Nathan Critchlow
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Rachel O'Donnell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sarah MacLean
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Plenty Road, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Plenty Road, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Madden M, Bartlett A, McCambridge J. Constructing public-private partnerships to undermine the public interest: critical discourse analysis of Working Together published by the International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. Global Health 2023; 19:103. [PMID: 38104100 PMCID: PMC10725627 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-01000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of alcohol harm has increased and is forecast to grow further without effective policy implementation. Public-private partnerships aiming to address global health, and other societal challenges, are a burgeoning feature of neoliberal governance. Rhetorically distancing themselves from tobacco, the major alcohol companies are committed to tackling 'harmful drinking' and have created a distinct type of public relations organization for this purpose. The activities of such organizations are increasingly recognized as an impediment to the implementation of policies to reduce alcohol harm, including in low- and middle-income countries where markets are expanding. METHODS The approach of critical discourse analysis is used to examine the discursive tactics and strategies used in Working Together; a 'toolkit' published by the key global level alcohol industry public relations organization, the International Alliance for Responsible Drinking (IARD). This study considers how it works discursively to set the terms of, and overcome skepticism about partnerships, to define aims and position various actors by constructing their roles. The construction of prospective partners provides insights into the alcohol industry itself. RESULTS The toolkit operates as an ideological resource for forming public-private partnerships across the world based on the accumulated know-how of the major companies through IARD. This allows the largest alcohol companies to exercise leadership of the industry, while remaining off-stage. The toolkit relies on a form of rhetorical work which creates distance from obvious corporate interests and the harms caused to population health and society. This is accomplished by working against evidence-informed population level approaches, and thus avoiding policies that will make any significant difference to overall alcohol harm. Unspecific "complexity" affords opportunity for preferred types of "actions", and "partnership" provides opportunity to gain credibility by association, further minimizing the likelihood of any material harm being reduced. CONCLUSIONS The toolkit is designed to not only legitimate the inclusion of alcohol industry actors as initiating 'partners', but also assigns them roles as managers of a set of carefully constructed relationships. This vision of public-private partnership reproduces the hegemonic narrative that has successfully blocked policy advances for decades and led to growing alcohol harm globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Madden
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, England.
| | - Andrew Bartlett
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, England
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, England
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Critchlow N, Hunt K, Wardle H, Stead M. Expenditure on Paid-for Gambling Advertising During the National COVID-19 'Lockdowns': An Observational Study of Media Monitoring Data from the United Kingdom. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:1451-1465. [PMID: 36031649 PMCID: PMC9420675 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gambling advertising during national COVID-19 'lockdowns', when stay-at-home rules restricted participation in certain gambling activities, provides important context to variance in gambling behaviour during these periods. This study describes expenditure on paid-for gambling advertising during three national lockdowns, compares expenditure to pre-pandemic estimates, and compares changes in expenditure by subsector. Data come from an observational study of weekly expenditure on paid-for gambling advertising in the United Kingdom (n = 135 weeks; beginning 2019 to mid-2021), focusing on three COVID-19 lockdowns: (1) March-May 2020; (2) November-December 2020; and (3) January-March 2021. We descriptively analysed how total advertising expenditure in each lockdown (£GBP, inflation-adjusted) compared to the same time points in 2019, both overall and by subsector (bookmakers, lotteries, online bingo, online casino and poker, gaming, pools, mobile content). Gambling advertising expenditure during lockdown one was 38.5% lower than 2019 (£43.5 million[m] vs. £70.7 m, respectively), with decreases across all subsectors (range: -81.7% [bookmakers] to -2.8% [online bingo]). Total advertising expenditure in lockdown two was 49.3% higher than 2019 (£51.7 m vs. £34.6 m), with increases for 5/7 subsectors (range: -31.6% [mobile content] to + 103.8% [bookmakers]). In lockdown three, advertising expenditure was 5.9% higher than 2019 (£91.2 m vs. £86.1 m), with increases for 4/7 subsectors (range: -92.4% [pools] to + 49.2% [mobile content]). Reductions in advertising expenditure in lockdown one are congruent with self-reported reductions in overall gambling also observed during this period. Further research is needed to determine whether increased advertising expenditure in lockdowns two and three correlates with increased gambling, overall and for specific subsectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Critchlow
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland.
| | - Kate Hunt
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Heather Wardle
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Martine Stead
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bartlett A, McCambridge J. The international center for alcohol policies (ICAP) book series: a key resource globally for alcohol industry political strategies. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:49. [PMID: 37596661 PMCID: PMC10436666 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the functions and purposes of the International Center for Alcohol Policies (ICAP) book series, published by Routledge between 1998 and 2010. The books were authored by invited academics, ICAP staffers, and alcohol industry representatives.The key data source for this paper was the framing material - forewords, introductions, conclusions - of the books. A thematic analysis positioned the contents with regard to ongoing alcohol research and public health policy issues.This was a project to 'shift the paradigm'. ICAP frames alcohol policy choices in ways which direct policy attention to sub-groups rather than the population level. Population-level approaches are caricatured as 'ideological'. The concept of 'balance' is prominent and is employed in multiple ways. Business interests are elided and industry involvement in policy making is promoted on scientific grounds. The intellectual programme is lent credibility by leading scientists and the imprimatur of an academic publisher.While this attempt to change the paradigm in alcohol science has failed, ineffective alcohol policies remain common, uninformed by scientific evidence on how harms at the societal level may be reduced. The ICAP book series continues to serve its function as a resource to support the status quo in respect of alcohol policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bartlett
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Janiuk K, Maleki N. Exposure to Alcohol-Related Content on Social-Media. PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2023; 5:93-104. [PMID: 37711755 PMCID: PMC10499190 DOI: 10.1176/appi.prcp.20230009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Exposure to alcohol-related content is unavoidable on social media. In this study level of exposure to alcohol marketing content on Twitter and Instagram for those in recovery was examined, and the effectiveness of privacy settings to mitigate exposing content was assessed. Methods Four fictitious accounts were created on Instagram and Twitter in a case-control design in Spring 2022. All accounts followed 19 alcohol brands, with two accounts (1 male, 1 female) following only alcohol brand accounts while the other two (1 male, 1 female) additionally followed recovery resources. Four weeks of data collection were done with default privacy and advertisement settings, followed by two additional weeks of data collection with advertisement and privacy settings for blocking alcohol content. Results Privacy settings did not help with blocking the alcoholic brand-related photographic content on either platform, meaning that the accounts received the same amount of alcohol-related content from the accounts they were following with and without changing the privacy settings. However, Twitter algorithms were more effective in suppressing alcohol-related content for accounts following recovery resources and alcohol brands. Conclusions These results suggest that risks of exposure to triggering/cueing photographic alcohol content may outweigh the benefits of social media for social connection if an individual is considering seeking recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Janiuk
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging DivisionDepartment of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nasim Maleki
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging DivisionDepartment of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lesch M, McCambridge J. Evolution of the major alcohol companies key global policy vehicle through the prism of tax records 2011-19. Global Health 2023; 19:34. [PMID: 37226209 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Important insights have been generated into the nature of the activities of the International Center for Alcohol Policies (ICAP). Its successor, the International Alliance for Responsible Drinking (IARD) is less well understood. This study aims to rectify evidence limitations on the political activities of the alcohol industry at the global level. METHODS Internal Revenue Service filings were examined for ICAP and IARD each year between 2011 and 2019. Data were triangulated with other sources to establish what could be gleaned on the internal workings of these organisations. RESULTS The stated purposes of ICAP and IARD are near identical. The main declared activities were similar for both organisations and comprised public affairs/policy, corporate social responsibility, science/research and communications. Both organisations work extensively with external actors and it has become possible more recently to identify the main contractors supplying services to IARD. DISCUSSION This study sheds light on the political activities of the alcohol industry at the global level. It suggests that the evolution of ICAP into IARD has not been accompanied by shifts in the organisation and activities of the collaborative efforts of the major alcohol companies. CONCLUSION Alcohol and global health research and policy agendas should give careful attention to the sophisticated nature of industry political activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lesch
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences Area 4, A/TB/212, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK.
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences Area 4, A/TB/212, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Maani N, van Schalkwyk MC, Petticrew M. Trends in alcohol-specific deaths in the UK and industry responses. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:398-400. [PMID: 37030298 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nason Maani
- Global Health Policy Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK; Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - May Ci van Schalkwyk
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; UK PRP SPECTRUM Consortium, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kowalski M, Livingston M, Wilkinson C, Ritter A. The impact of tableside ordering technologies on alcohol sales to the intoxicated. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023. [PMID: 36883348 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michala Kowalski
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire Wilkinson
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Ritter
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bennett E, Topp SM, Moodie AR. National Public Health Surveillance of Corporations in Key Unhealthy Commodity Industries - A Scoping Review and Framework Synthesis. Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:6876. [PMID: 37579395 PMCID: PMC10425693 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.6876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corporations in unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs) have growing influence on the health of national populations through practices that lead to increased consumption of unhealthy products. The use of government-led public health surveillance is best practice to better understand any emerging public health threat. However, there is minimal systematic evidence, generated and monitored by national governments, regarding the scope of UCI corporate practices and their impacts. This study aims to synthesise current frameworks that exist to identify and monitor UCI influence on health to highlight the range of practices deployed by corporations and inform future surveillance efforts in key UCIs. METHODS Seven biomedical, business and scientific databases were searched to identify literature focused on corporate practices that impact human health and frameworks for monitoring or assessment of the way UCIs impact health. Content analysis occurred in three phases, involving (1) the identification of framework documents in the literature and extraction of all corporate practices from the frameworks; (2) initial inductive grouping and synthesis followed by deductive synthesis using Lima and Galea's 'vehicles of power' as a heuristic; and (3) scoping for potential indicators linked to each corporate practice and development of an integrated framework. RESULTS Fourteen frameworks were identified with 37 individual corporate practices which were coded into five different themes according the Lima and Galea 'Corporate Practices and Health' framework. We proposed a summary framework to inform the public health surveillance of UCIs which outlines key actors, corporate practices and outcomes that should be considered. The proposed framework draws from the health policy triangle framework and synthesises key features of existing frameworks. CONCLUSION Systematic monitoring of the practices of UCIs is likely to enable governments to mitigate the negative health impacts of corporate practices. The proposed synthesised framework highlights the range of practices deployed by corporations for public health surveillance at a national government level. We argue there is significant precedent and great need for monitoring of these practices and the operationalisation of a UCI monitoring system should be the object of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bennett
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie M. Topp
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Rob Moodie
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McCambridge J, Mitchell G, Lesch M, Filippou A, Golder S, Garry J, Bartlett A, Madden M. The emperor has no clothes: a synthesis of findings from the Transformative Research on the Alcohol industry, Policy and Science research programme. Addiction 2023; 118:558-566. [PMID: 36196477 PMCID: PMC10092733 DOI: 10.1111/add.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Transformative Research on the Alcohol industry, Policy and Science (TRAPS) programme investigates the alcohol industry, with an innovative focus on public health sciences. TRAPS adds to an under-developed literature on the study of alcohol industry influence on alcohol science and policymaking. This paper provides a synthesis of TRAPS findings to inform future research. METHODS We conducted an interpretive review of TRAPS research findings across its component studies, identifying and integrating the key contributions made by individual studies to the literature on alcohol policymaking and science, and identifying areas where TRAPS progress was limited. This produced themes for consideration in future research agenda setting. RESULTS TRAPS explored the interventions of the alcohol industry in science and policymaking using various methods, including systematic reviews and qualitative interviews. These studies identified the industry's activities in several key areas, such as the debate over minimum unit pricing (MUP), cardiovascular health and alcohol research and a long-running public relations programme developed in close connection with the tobacco industry. Collectively, the research shows that alcohol policymaking has involved a contest between the research community and alcohol industry actors about whether and how science should be used to inform policy. CONCLUSIONS The TRAPS programme demonstrates the need for a transdisciplinary approach to understand the nature of corporate political activity; the crucial role industry involvement in science plays in the development of corporate political power; and how public health actors have successfully overcome industry opposition to evidence-based policies. Advances in alcohol policy should be underpinned by strong, reflexive public health sciences, alert to the role of industry in the alcohol harms under study and thorough in their investigation of the alcohol industry as an object of study in itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Gemma Mitchell
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Matthew Lesch
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | | | - Su Golder
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Jack Garry
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Andrew Bartlett
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Mary Madden
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Anderson P, Kokole D, Jané Llopis E, Burton R, Lachenmeier DW. Lower Strength Alcohol Products—A Realist Review-Based Road Map for European Policy Making. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183779. [PMID: 36145155 PMCID: PMC9500668 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the result of a realist review based on a theory of change that substitution of higher strength alcohol products with lower strength alcohol products leads to decreases in overall levels of alcohol consumption in populations and consumer groups. The paper summarizes the results of 128 publications across twelve different themes. European consumers are increasingly buying and drinking lower strength alcohol products over time, with some two fifths doing so to drink less alcohol. It tends to be younger more socially advantaged men, and existing heavier buyers and drinkers of alcohol, who take up lower strength alcohol products. Substitution leads to a lower number of grams of alcohol bought and drunk. Although based on limited studies, buying and drinking lower strength products do not appear to act as gateways to buying and drinking higher strength products. Producer companies are increasing the availability of lower strength alcohol products, particularly for beer, with extra costs of production offset by income from sales. Lower strength alcohol products tend to be marketed as compliments to, rather than substitutes of, existing alcohol consumption, with, to date, the impact of such marketing not evaluated. Production of lower strength alcohol products could impair the impact of existing alcohol policy through alibi marketing (using the brand of lower strength products to promote higher strength products), broadened normalization of drinking cultures, and pressure to weaken policies. In addition to increasing the availability of lower strength products and improved labelling, the key policy that favours substitution of higher strength alcohol products with lower strength products is an alcohol tax based on the dose of alcohol across all products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Daša Kokole
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané Llopis
- ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robyn Burton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Dirk W. Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Straße 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Conde K, Peltzer RI, Gimenez PV, Salomón T, Suarez G, Monteiro M, Cherpitel CJ, Cremonte M. Road traffic injury risk from alcohol and cannabis use among emergency department patients in Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e116. [PMID: 36060199 PMCID: PMC9426949 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To report the risk from alcohol, cannabis, and their combined use for non-fatal road traffic injuries for drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. Methods Risk was estimated using the case-crossover method. Participants (N= 306) were injured patients from an emergency department in Mar del Plata, Argentina. Results Alcohol use (OR= 6.78, CI 95% 3.75-12.25) as well as combined alcohol and cannabis use (OR= 7.05, CI 95% 1.16-42.73) significantly increased the risk of a road traffic injuries. Alcohol use increased the risk in both, women (OR= 8.87, CI 95% 2.69-29.21) and men (OR= 6.16, CI 95% 3.10-12.23); in those >30 years old (OR= 6.01, CI 95% 2.09-17.24) and those <30 years old (OR= 7.15, CI 95% 3.49-14.65). This last group also had an increased risk after combined alcohol and cannabis use (OR= 7.05, CI 95% 1.16-42.75). Both drivers (OR= 6.40, CI 95% 3.23-12.69) and passengers (OR= 13.83, CI 95% 2.87-66.42) had an increased risk after alcohol consumption. Conclusions To our knowledge, these are the first estimates of the risk of having a road traffic injury after alcohol and cannabis consumption in one of the countries of the Southern Cone (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay). These results highlight the urgent need to implement and enforce comprehensive alcohol control measures. Furthermore, given the global trend towards legalizing cannabis for recreational use, our results could also inform policymakers to enact or amend impaired driving laws.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Conde
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Raquel Inés Peltzer
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Paula Victoria Gimenez
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Tomás Salomón
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Gabriel Suarez
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos “Dr. Oscar Alende”Mar del PlataArgentinaHospital Interzonal General de Agudos “Dr. Oscar Alende”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Maristela Monteiro
- Pan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Cheryl J Cherpitel
- Public Health InstituteEmeryvilleUnited States of AmericaPublic Health Institute, Emeryville, United States of America
| | - Mariana Cremonte
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Goodwin I. Programmatic alcohol advertising, social media and public health: Algorithms, automated challenges to regulation, and the failure of public oversight. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 109:103826. [PMID: 35994939 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing partnerships between transnational alcohol corporations and global social media platforms have transformed alcohol advertising in ways that undermine existing marketing regulations and threaten all forms of public oversight. In this paper I analyse this historic shift, arguing that new forms of programmatic alcohol advertising have emerged out of increasingly intensive processes of datafication on social media. Programmatic advertising is distinguished by increasing automation, turning advertising into a process of continually experimenting on the public to optimise advertising's "outputs", which now include conversions (sales). This experimental process relies on the delegation of agency to profit maximising, algorithmic machines that make alcohol advertising decisions with public health consequences. I contend that public health must now grapple with "algorithmic sovereignty": how private, corporate machines make decisions that challenge regulation and public oversight. Drawing on a case study of Meta's programmatic systems, I argue programmatic alcohol advertising exacerbates existing problems for the regulatory control of alcohol advertising on social media, while introducing entirely novel concerns. Machines make decisions in ways that are efficacious yet obscure, even to those who design and own them and to those who use them for marketing purposes. They allow for the maximisation of profit while obfuscating public oversight of the health impacts of alcohol advertising, and they make decisions in ways that are both predictive and pre-emptive, continuously nudging social media users towards consumption through altering, in real-time, the personalised content they encounter. This leaves established means for public oversight of alcohol marketing operating retrospectively while commodification of social life through alcohol advertising acts in the present to reshape the future. The machinic vision of programmatic alcohol advertising assesses social media users for their commercial utility, not as citizens with health needs, and may be producing evolving negative health outcomes that will only ever be understood in retrospect once their deleterious impact has become evident. Steps towards more effective public health interventions must begin with clearer recognition of these fundamental changes in advertising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Goodwin
- School of Humanities, Media, and Creative Communication, Massey University, Wallace Street, Mount Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choate P, Badry D, Bagley K. The Alcohol Industry and Social Responsibility: Links to FASD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137744. [PMID: 35805403 PMCID: PMC9266243 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is directly linked to the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. Prevention programs have been targeted at women of childbearing age and vulnerable populations. The beverage alcohol industry (manufacture, marketing, distribution, and retail) is often seen as playing a role in prevention strategies such as health warning labels. In this paper we explore the nature of the relationship between the industry and prevention programming. We consider the place of alcohol in society; the prevalence, social and economic costs of FASD; the ethical notion of alcohol-related harm and then move onto the question of public health partnerships with the industry including the potential conflicts of interests and ethical challenges in such partnerships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Choate
- Child Studies and Social Work, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorothy Badry
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Kerryn Bagley
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hill SE, Johns P, Nakkash RT, Collin J. From silos to policy coherence: tobacco control, unhealthy commodity industries and the commercial determinants of health. Tob Control 2022; 31:322-327. [PMID: 35241606 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco control has achieved remarkable successes, underpinned by the distinctive norms codified in Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Tobacco control's experience in managing conflicts of interest is increasingly recognised as relevant for addressing other non-communicable disease epidemics. At the same time, the wider environmental and social harms of tobacco-and other unhealthy commodity industries-underline the potential for enhanced strategic collaboration across health, development and environmental agendas. Such collaboration is increasingly necessary to address key challenges shared across tobacco control and related policy spheres, including the extent to which the harms of tobacco (and other unhealthy commodities) are underpinned by economic and social inequities. Here we demonstrate the relevance of a commercial determinants of health perspective, both for advancing tobacco control and for linking it with health and development more broadly. This perspective is already evident in many areas of research, policy and advocacy, where innovative approaches support the development of closer links with actors in related fields. We draw on the concepts of policy coordination, coherence and integration to show how tobacco control can advance key strategic goals via information sharing, complementary approaches to common problems and collective action with other related movements. Embrace of a commercial determinants perspective will help in building on tobacco control's successes and reorienting strategies in other sectors to more effectively manage health risks and promote sustainable development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hill
- Global Health Policy Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paula Johns
- ACT Promoção da Saúde (ACT Health Promotion), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rima T Nakkash
- Health Behaviour and Education Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jeff Collin
- Global Health Policy Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Neppala GK, Terkuhle I, Wagner A, Lepow L, Shaik RB, Freed R, Kimhy D, Pietrzak RH, Velthorst E, Feder A, Ivanov I, Parvaz MA. Social Isolation-Mediated Exacerbation of Negative Affect in Young Drinkers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020214. [PMID: 35203977 PMCID: PMC8870361 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research on psychological adjustment during the COVID-19 outbreak has suggested that young people may be particularly vulnerable to increases in negative affect during the pandemic. However, the association between alcohol use in youth and change in negative affect during this unprecedented time is not clear. Using an online survey, this study obtained scores on negative affect (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic), pandemic-related stress, change in drinking frequency, and traits including resilience, impulsivity and anhedonia, from a sample of drinkers and non-drinkers, up to the age of 21. Young drinkers experienced a greater increase in negative affect during the pandemic compared to non-drinkers, and this differential rise in negative affect was mediated by the pandemic-related stress of social isolation. Young drinkers also experienced a decrease in alcohol use during the pandemic, but this was not associated with a change in negative affect. Interestingly, young drinkers with greater resilience and lower anhedonia reported less increase in negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taken together, these results show that the greater increase in negative affect that young drinkers experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to their non-drinking counterparts, was mediated by pandemic-related social isolation. Moreover, greater resilience and lower anhedonia may have served as protective factors for mitigating the social isolation-induced worsening of negative affect in young drinkers during the pandemic. These findings may inform future studies investigating potential indicators of maladaptive affective responses to public health crises in vulnerable adolescent populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopi K. Neppala
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Isabel Terkuhle
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Ariella Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Lauren Lepow
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Riaz B. Shaik
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Rachel Freed
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - David Kimhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Adriana Feder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Iliyan Ivanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
| | - Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (G.K.N.); (I.T.); (A.W.); (L.L.); (R.B.S.); (R.F.); (D.K.); (E.V.); (A.F.); (I.I.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Auchincloss AH, Niamatullah S, Adams M, Melly SJ, Li J, Lazo M. Alcohol outlets and alcohol consumption in changing environments: prevalence and changes over time. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022; 17:7. [PMID: 35120532 PMCID: PMC8815126 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-021-00430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine whether changes in density of neighborhood alcohol outlets affected changes in alcohol consumption 1-year after regulatory changes increased alcohol availability. METHODS Person-level data came from a population-based cohort (aged 21-64) residing in/around the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania metropolitan area (2016-2018, N = 772). Fifty-eight percent lived in a state that began implementing new regulations (Pennsylvania) and the remainder lived in states without major regulatory changes (Delaware and New Jersey). Alcohol consumption was assessed as days per week (pw), drinks pw, high consumption (≥8 drinks pw), and binge drinking. Availability of off-premise alcohol outlets was assessed using 1-mile density and distance. Regression models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, education, health status, state and population density. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses found that higher outlet density was associated with more alcohol consumption (days, drinks, high consumption; all p < 0.03) and residing farther from an outlet was associated with less alcohol consumption (days and drinks; all p < 0.04). In longitudinal analyses, relative to no change in outlets, exposure to more outlets was associated with 64% higher odds of drinking on more days pw (p < 0.049) and 55% higher odds of consuming more drinks pw (p < 0.081). However, the longitudinal association between changes in outlets and changes in consumption did not differ for residents in Pennsylvania vs. nearby states. In cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, outlets were not related to binge drinking. CONCLUSION Off-premise outlets were associated with alcohol consumption consistently in cross-sectional analysis and in some longitudinal analyses. Results can inform future studies that wish to evaluate longer-term changes in increased alcohol availability and effects on consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Auchincloss
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Saima Niamatullah
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maura Adams
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven J Melly
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Industry influence over global alcohol policies via the World Trade Organization: a qualitative analysis of discussions on alcohol health warning labelling, 2010–19. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e429-e437. [DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
27
|
O'Brien P, Room R, Anderson-Luxford D. Commercial Advertising of Alcohol: Using Law to Challenge Public Health Regulation. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2022; 50:240-249. [PMID: 35894559 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2022.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In most countries, the alcohol industry enjoys considerable freedom to market its products. Where government regulation is proposed or enacted, the alcohol industry has often deployed legal arguments and used legal forums to challenge regulation. Governments considering marketing regulation must be cognizant of relevant legal constraints and be prepared to defend their policies against industry legal challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula O'Brien
- MELBOURNE LAW SCHOOL, UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Robin Room
- LA TROBE UNIVERSITY, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
McCambridge J, Mitchell G. The Views of Researchers on the Alcohol Industry's Involvement in Science: Findings from an Interview Study. Eur Addict Res 2022; 28:267-274. [PMID: 35316806 PMCID: PMC9501792 DOI: 10.1159/000522603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Debates in the peer-reviewed literature on alcohol industry involvement in science have been polarized, with the activities of the International Center on Alcohol Policies and industry provision of research funding being particularly contentious. We aimed to explore researchers' views on the nature of the debates and the issues raised. METHODS Qualitative interview study with experienced researchers working on alcohol policy-relevant topics across ten countries (n = 37). Thematic analysis of views articulated, supported where appropriate by accounts of how experiences informed particular perspectives. RESULTS The main finding is how much common ground there now is among participants, regardless of whether they had previously worked with industry organizations or received alcohol industry funding. Norms have changed and participants agree that the earlier debates were dysfunctional. Participants on all sides of these earlier debates experienced significant psychological burdens as a result of industry-related activity in alcohol research. These include reputational harms from working with industry organizations and/or receiving research funding, and harassment by industry for producing findings contrary to commercial interests. Key ongoing contentious issues include the extent to which conflicts of interest can or should be managed by individual researchers, and how distinct the alcohol industry is from other funders and other industries. Participant views on ways forward include improving the evidence-base underpinning the debates, and having collegiate discussions among researchers, including all strands of opinion and experience. CONCLUSIONS This group of alcohol researchers shares more nuanced contemporary positions on issues relating to industry involvement in science than are reflected in the existing material in peer-reviewed journals. Almost all regard the alcohol industry's involvement in research as having been damaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stafford J, Chikritzhs T, Pierce H, Pettigrew S. An evaluation of the evidence submitted to Australian alcohol advertising policy consultations. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261280. [PMID: 34890422 PMCID: PMC8664180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industry self-regulation is the dominant approach to managing alcohol advertising in Australia and many other countries. There is a need to explore the barriers to government adoption of more effective regulatory approaches. This study examined relevance and quality features of evidence cited by industry and non-industry actors in their submissions to Australian alcohol advertising policy consultations. METHODS Submissions to two public consultations with a primary focus on alcohol advertising policy were analysed. Submissions (n = 71) were classified into their actor type (industry or non-industry) and according to their expressed support for, or opposition to, increased regulation of alcohol advertising. Details of cited evidence were extracted and coded against a framework adapted from previous research (primary codes: subject matter relevance, type of publication, time since publication, and independence from industry). Evidence was also classified as featuring indicators of higher quality if it was either published in a peer-reviewed journal or academic source, published within 10 years of the consultation, and/or had no apparent industry connection. RESULTS Almost two-thirds of submissions were from industry actors (n = 45 submissions from alcohol, advertising, or sporting industries). With few exceptions, industry actor submissions opposed increased regulation of alcohol advertising and non-industry actor submissions supported increased regulation. Industry actors cited substantially less evidence than non-industry actors, both per submission and in total. Only 27% of evidence cited by industry actors was highly relevant and featured at least two indicators of higher quality compared to 58% of evidence cited by non-industry actors. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of the value of the evidentiary contribution of industry actors to consultations on alcohol advertising policy appears to be limited. Modifications to consultation processes, such as exclusion of industry actors, quality requirements for submitted evidence, minimum standards for referencing evidence, and requirements to declare potential conflicts, may improve the public health outcomes of policy consultations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stafford
- National Drug Research Institute, Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah Pierce
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- National Drug Research Institute, Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pettigrew S, Booth L, Jongenelis MI, Brennan E, Chikritzhs T, Hasking P, Miller P, Hastings G, Wakefield M. A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of combinations of 'why to reduce' and 'how to reduce' alcohol harm-reduction communications. Addict Behav 2021; 121:107004. [PMID: 34102583 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol is a major source of harm worldwide. The aim of this study was to experimentally assess the effects of exposing Australian adult drinkers to combinations of 'why to reduce' and 'how to reduce' alcohol harm-reduction messages. METHODS Three online surveys were administered over six weeks: Time 1 at baseline (n = 7,995), Time 2 at three weeks post-baseline (n = 4,588), and Time 3 at six weeks post-baseline (n = 2,687). Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions: (1) a control condition; (2) a 'why to reduce' television advertisement; (3-5) one of three 'how to reduce' messages referring to the following protective behavioral strategies (PBSs): Keep count of your drinks, Decide how many drinks and stick to it, It's okay to say no; and (6-8) the television advertisement combined with each PBS message individually. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted to determine effects of condition assignment on changes over time in attempts to reduce alcohol consumption and amount of alcohol consumed. RESULTS Participants assigned to the 'TV ad' and 'TV ad + Keep count of your drinks PBS' conditions reported significant increases in attempts to reduce alcohol consumption. Only participants assigned to the 'TV ad + Keep count of your drinks PBS' condition exhibited a significant reduction in alcohol consumed (-0.87 drinks per person per week). CONCLUSIONS Well-executed 'why to reduce' alcohol harm-reduction advertisements can encourage drinkers to attempt to reduce their alcohol consumption. These ads may be effectively supplemented by specific 'how to reduce' messages designed to encourage drinkers to monitor their intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pettigrew
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, 1 King St, Newtown, NSW, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA, Australia.
| | - Leon Booth
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, 1 King St, Newtown, NSW, Australia; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA, Australia.
| | - Michelle I Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Barry St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Emily Brennan
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA, Australia.
| | - Penelope Hasking
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Miller
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gerard Hastings
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Stirling University, Stirling, Scotland, UK.
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yamaguchi S, Lencucha R, Brown TG. Control, power, and responsibility: a qualitative study of local perspectives on problem drinking in Peruvian Andean highlands. Global Health 2021; 17:109. [PMID: 34538262 PMCID: PMC8451138 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol control has emerged as an important global health challenge due to the expanding influence of alcohol companies and limited control measures imposed by governments. In the Peruvian Andean highland, the ritual function of collective drinking is reported to have been weakened in response to the increased availability of alcohol and the experience of political violence. This study seeks to merge the broader political economy with local experience and culture to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamic between global processes and local realities. Methods We used purposive sampling to recruit participants. We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 28) and focus group discussions (n = 19) with community participants, teachers, health workers, alcohol vendors and police officers. Thematic analysis identified patterns of individual and collective meaning situated in relation to social, political and economic factors. Results Local perspectives and behaviour regarding loss of control over alcohol are shaped through the complex patterns of power and meaning exerted and experienced by different actors. Participants’ emphasis on parents’ lack of control over alcohol use by “abandoned” children reflects the structural vulnerability of some Andean families struggling with economic hardships. Participants also emphasized how alcohol consumption was tied to forms of control exerted by men in households. Participants expressed that some men demonstrated their masculine identity and symbolic power as the breadwinner through spending on alcohol. The third emphasis was tied to the market economy. Participants expressed that the expansion of the alcohol market and perceived absence of government control coupled with macroeconomic conditions, like poverty, shaped patterns of alcohol consumption. Conclusion Our findings illustrate how problem drinking is shaped not simply by an individual drinker’s lack of self-control but also by a regulatory environment that enables the unrestrained marketing of alcohol products and the creation of a culture of consumption. Harmful consumption is mediated by the reshaping of the Andean cultural practice of collective drinking. Attending to local perspectives is essential for policies and interventions that connect structural dynamics with the cultural and experiential aspects of alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Raphael Lencucha
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Men's decrease and women's increase in harmful alcohol use from the 2014 to 2018 national surveys in Taiwan: A harbinger for an emerging national trend in East Asia? THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 99:103441. [PMID: 34503897 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender differences in alcohol use have narrowed in Western societies, but that in Asia has been less investigated. By comparing the 2014 and 2018 waves of the national survey in Taiwan, we aimed to examine the gender differences in population trends in past-month alcohol use, binge drinking, and harmful alcohol use. METHODS The national survey enrolled 17,837 participants in 2014 and 18,626 participants in 2018. Binge drinking was defined as having ≥5 drinks on one occasion in the past month, and harmful alcohol use as having an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score of ≥8. RESULTS There were significant decreases from 2014 to 2018 in the population's prevalence of past-month alcohol use, binge drinking, and harmful alcohol use. However, males and females had different trends: males showed significant reductions in all three alcohol use behaviours (a decrease of 3.79%, 1.59%, and 2.60%, respectively), while females exhibited a significant rise in harmful alcohol use (from 1.32% to 1.72%), particularly among those aged 18-29 years. CONCLUSION There was gender convergence in alcohol use in Taiwan, mainly due to men's decrease and women's increase in harmful alcohol use. Our findings have important implications for the intervention and prevention of the problematic use of alcohol in East Asia.
Collapse
|
33
|
de Coninck P, Holzer T. Regulating alcohol marketing: A plea for a comprehensive approach. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 41:36-38. [PMID: 34312928 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Coninck
- Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport of the Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Burns VF, Walsh CA, Smith J. A Qualitative Exploration of Addiction Disclosure and Stigma among Faculty Members in a Canadian University Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147274. [PMID: 34299723 PMCID: PMC8306368 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is one of the most stigmatized public health issues, which serves to silence individuals who need help. Despite emerging global interest in workplace mental health and addiction, scholarship examining addiction among university faculty members (FMs) is lacking, particularly in a Canadian context. Using a Communication Privacy Management (CPM) framework and semi-structured interviews with key informants (deans and campus mental health professionals), this qualitative study aimed to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the experience of key informants who encounter FM addiction? (2) How may addiction stigma affect FM disclosure and help-seeking? and (3) What may help reduce addiction stigma for FMs? Thematic analysis was used to identify three main themes: (1) Disclosure was rare, and most often involved alcohol; (2) Addiction stigma and non-disclosure were reported to be affected by university alcohol and productivity cultures, faculty type, and gender; (3) Reducing addiction stigma may involve peer support, vulnerable leadership (e.g., openly sharing addiction-recovery stories), and non-discriminatory protective policies. This study offers novel insights into how addiction stigma may operate for FMs in relation to university-specific norms (e.g., drinking and productivity culture), and outlines some recommendations for creating more recovery-friendly campuses.
Collapse
|
35
|
Mitchell G, McCambridge J. Recruitment, risks, rewards and regrets: Senior researcher reflections on working with alcohol industry social aspects organisations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 41:27-35. [PMID: 34170047 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing body of literature suggests alcohol industry corporate social responsibility activity, including the creation of 'social aspects' organisations (SAO), may harm rather than improve public health. We aimed to explore established researcher experiences of working with SAOs, and the factors informing their decisions to do so. METHODS Qualitative interview study with senior alcohol researchers who had previous or ongoing connections to SAOs or their predecessors initiated when their careers were established (n = 16). Thematic analysis using NVivo software. RESULTS Established researchers were recruited for their expertise by alcohol industry SAOs via employees who were previously academics or via academic colleagues with SAO connections. Motivated by the desire to improve public health and 'reach out' beyond academia, researchers were confident that they could maintain their independence when sharing their expertise with SAOs. Short-term connections included attendance at SAO-funded events and book chapter contributions. Sometimes, these led to long-term relationships with SAOs, or researchers were invited to long-term roles by a colleague. These included memberships of scientific advisory committees, board positions, or work as independent consultants. Most researchers reflected negatively on their experiences and had ended their associations, while some had positive experiences. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Current and former researchers play key roles in initiating connections with SAOs, with industry-funded events and invitations to long-term roles by trusted colleagues, mechanisms used to facilitate the development of such relationships. Our study adds to existing evidence that SAO scientific activity does not contribute to public health goals, but does present industry with public relations opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Memon SUR, Pawase VR, Pavase TR, Soomro MA. Investigation of COVID-19 Impact on the Food and Beverages Industry: China and India Perspective. Foods 2021; 10:1069. [PMID: 34066050 PMCID: PMC8150930 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sudden breakout of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread across the globe, leaving no country behind in being affected by the global pandemic in the year 2019-20. As COVID-19 commenced, within months two major Asian giants initiated the norms of social distancing and lockdowns in their societies. The indiscriminate nature of the current pandemic has not only impacted the health and quality of life of people but has also disrupted the global economy, supply chains, and countries all over the world. In food and beverage manufacturing industries, the unanticipated disruption has encumbered its lock on the global food supply chain and service sector as major cities shut down for several months in China and India. Human existence is dependent upon food, which renders energy for activity, growth, and all functions of the body. Although both China and India have shown eminent response to tackle the ongoing pandemic, the food supply chain remains vastly exposed to significant COVID-19 risks. This research primarily investigates the ongoing COVID-19 scenario in two major economies (China and India), delivering insight into the pandemic's impact within the food and beverage manufacturing sectors, and explores the policies adopted and strategies undertaken for sustainability in food supply chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tushar Ramesh Pavase
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Maqsood Ahmed Soomro
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Eck RH, Trangenstein PJ, Siegel M, Jernigan DH. Company-Specific Revenues From Underage Drinking. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021; 82:368-376. [PMID: 34100705 PMCID: PMC8328239 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol is the most commonly used illegal drug among U.S. high school students. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of drinks and sales revenue accruing to alcoholic beverage companies that were attributable to underage consumption in 2011 and 2016. METHOD We used national survey data to estimate the number of adult and underage past-30-day drinkers, median volume of alcohol consumed, beverage preferences, and alcohol price by beverage type. We used Impact Databank to determine the total number of alcoholic drinks sold. After adjusting for underreporting, we applied the percentage of alcohol reported to be consumed by underage youth on surveys to the alcohol sales data by beverage type and assigned a beverage-specific cost. RESULTS Underage youth drank 11.73% of the alcoholic drinks sold in the U.S. market in 2011 and 8.6% in 2016. Total sales revenue attributable to underage consumption was $20.9 billion (10.0%) out of a total of $208.0 billion in 2011 and $17.5 billion (7.4%) out of $237.1 billion in 2016. Three alcoholic beverage companies represented nearly half (43.5%) of the market share of beverages consumed by underage youth. CONCLUSIONS Despite the alcoholic beverage industry's stated commitment to reducing underage drinking, significant revenues appear to accrue from this activity. This presents an opportunity to enact and enforce policies--such as alcohol taxes or required company funding of independently managed youth drinking prevention initiatives--that recover these revenues from the industry and use them to help achieve the goal of preventing youth alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimee H. Eck
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pamela J. Trangenstein
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Behavior, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Siegel
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David H. Jernigan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Madden M, McCambridge J. Alcohol marketing versus public health: David and Goliath? Global Health 2021; 17:45. [PMID: 33845851 PMCID: PMC8040366 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol harms are rising globally, and alcohol policies, where they exist, are weak or under-developed. Limited progress has been made since the formulation of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Strategy in 2010. WHO is seeking to accelerate progress in implementing international efforts to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. The threat to global health posed by tobacco is well understood by policy communities and populations globally; by contrast alcohol is much less so, despite available evidence. THE COMPETITION FOR EPISTEMIC AUTHORITY Global alcohol corporations have sought to become trusted sources of advice for policy makers and consumers, while continuing to grow their markets. Evidence-informed public health messaging faces formidable competition from transnational corporations as the worlds of corporate and political communications, social and mainstream media become increasingly linked, presenting new opportunities for corporate actors to shape global health governance. Alcohol messaging that uses means of persuasion tied to industry agendas does not tell a clear story about commercial determinants of health, and does not contribute to health improvement. On the contrary, the basic tenets of an evidence-informed population-based approach are denied and the policy measures supported by high quality evidence are being opposed, because they are inimical to commercial interests. A David and Goliath metaphor for this state of affairs, which seems to fit at first glance, may unwittingly reinforce the status quo. CONCLUSION Public opinion on alcohol and policy issues varies across time and place and can be influenced by dedicated public health interventions. Alcohol marketing dominates people's thinking about alcohol because we currently allow this to happen. Greater ambition is needed in developing countermarketing and other interventions to promote evidence-informed ideas with the public. Alcohol policies need to be further developed, and implemented more widely, in order to arrest the growing burden of alcohol harms across the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Madden
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lyall V, Wolfson L, Reid N, Poole N, Moritz KM, Egert S, Browne AJ, Askew DA. "The Problem Is that We Hear a Bit of Everything…": A Qualitative Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Alcohol Use, Reduction, and Abstinence in Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3445. [PMID: 33810338 PMCID: PMC8037183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to women's alcohol use in pregnancy is critical to supporting women's health and wellness and preventing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. A systematic review of qualitative studies involving pregnant and recently postpartum women was undertaken to understand the barriers and facilitators that influence alcohol use in pregnancy (PROSPERO: CRD42018098831). Twenty-seven (n = 27) articles were identified through EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science. The included articles were thematically analyzed using NVivo12. The analysis was informed by Canada's Action Framework for Building an Inclusive Health System to articulate the ways in which stigma and related barriers are enacted at the individual, interpersonal, institutional and population levels. Five themes impacting women's alcohol use, abstention and reduction were identified: (1) social relationships and norms; (2) stigma; (3) trauma and other stressors; (4) alcohol information and messaging; and (5) access to trusted equitable care and essential resources. The impact of structural and systemic factors on prenatal alcohol use was largely absent in the included studies, instead focusing on individual choice. This silence risks perpetuating stigma and highlights the criticality of addressing intersecting structural and systemic factors in supporting maternal and fetal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lyall
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Lindsay Wolfson
- Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada;
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC V5R OA4, Canada
| | - Natasha Reid
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (N.R.); (K.M.M.)
| | - Nancy Poole
- Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada;
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC V5R OA4, Canada
| | - Karen M. Moritz
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (N.R.); (K.M.M.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sonya Egert
- Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care, Inala, QLD 4077, Australia;
| | - Annette J. Browne
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Deborah A. Askew
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (D.A.A.)
- Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care, Inala, QLD 4077, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Medina-Mora ME, Monteiro M, Rafful C, Samano I. Comprehensive analysis of alcohol policies in the Latin America and the Caribbean. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 40:385-401. [PMID: 33491240 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this paper is to describe the context of alcohol use and problems in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), the environmental context for alcohol-related policy, drinking trends, harm and policy and to systematically review policies implemented to reduce alcohol-related burden. METHODS LAC-based studies relating to the existence and effects of public health-oriented alcohol policies are described. The review is informed by a literature search of alcohol policies in LAC in English and in Spanish in several platforms, and in publications of international organisations, including grey and scientific literature. RESULTS Only 30 documents measuring policy impact were identified for the policy analysis. Most of the policies are focused on brief interventions, and most have little evidence on their effectiveness. Alcohol taxation and drink-driving policies appear to have the highest impact if enforcement is adequately performed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The studies reviewed indicate a pattern of modelling policy interventions but implementing only a few, and a paucity of sustained or systematic evaluations. Although patterns of use indicate alcohol use should be a major public health priority, only a few countries in LAC have a national policy or plan dedicated to alcohol, representing a low political commitment to considering alcohol as a public health priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Medina-Mora
- Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Center for Global Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz/National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Seminar of Global Studies, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maristela Monteiro
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Mental Health Pan American Health Organization, Washington, USA
| | - Claudia Rafful
- Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Center for Global Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz/National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Seminar of Global Studies, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Samano
- Center for Global Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz/National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Room R, Gleeson D, Miller M. Alcoholic beverages in trade agreements: Industry lobbying and the public health interest. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 40:19-21. [PMID: 33184904 PMCID: PMC7839679 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Deborah Gleeson
- School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Mia Miller
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Conde K, Peltzer RI, Pantani D, Pinsky I, Cremonte M. Alcohol industry, corporate social responsibility and country features in Latin America. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:423-430. [PMID: 33156567 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Research on corporate behaviour can contribute to the understanding of the possible adverse impacts of alcohol-industry corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and their potential influence on policymaking. This study explores the association between alcohol-industry CSR activities and selected country features in Latin America and the Caribbean. DESIGN AND METHODS Nine health experts evaluated 148 CSR activities using a standardised protocol; activities were classified into the categories risk management CSR (rmCSR), that is, to avoid/rectify externalities (n = 67), and strategic CSR, that is, to fulfill philanthropic responsibilities (n = 81). We evaluated the associations, separately, between the number of rmCSR and of strategic CSR actions in each country with threats from public health measures (specifically, the level of research into alcohol consumption and harms, the existence of an alcohol surveillance system and the number of governmental alcohol policy actions) and per capita alcohol consumption; we adjusted by economic indices (country income level and the gross domestic product) and population size. RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed that the higher the level of alcohol research within a country and its per capita consumption, the more likely rmSCR activities were to occur, independently of the country's economic development or population. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Results suggest rmSCR actions could be implemented as a way to preserve markets by counteracting scientific evidence about alcohol related harms. This evidence could serve as a starting point to future research, contributing to the understanding of alcohol industry behaviour and the advancement of effective public policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Conde
- Institute of Basic, Applied and Technologic Psychology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Raquel Inés Peltzer
- Institute of Basic, Applied and Technologic Psychology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela Pantani
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilana Pinsky
- School of Public Health, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Mariana Cremonte
- Institute of Basic, Applied and Technologic Psychology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Room R, O'Brien P. Alcohol marketing and social media: A challenge for public health control. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:420-422. [PMID: 33111397 PMCID: PMC7984022 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula O'Brien
- Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pantani D, M Sanchez Z, Pinsky I. The Urgent Need to Advance Alcohol Marketing Regulation to Protect Children. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2141-2142. [PMID: 32862431 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pantani
- From the, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, (DP, ZMS), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- From the, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, (DP, ZMS), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilana Pinsky
- School of Public Health, (IP), City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|