1
|
Li J, Li Y, Zhou L, Li H, Wan T, Tang J, Zhou L, Xie H, Wang L. Microbiome analysis reveals the inducing effect of Pseudomonas on prostatic hyperplasia via activating NF-κB signalling. Virulence 2024; 15:2313410. [PMID: 38378443 PMCID: PMC10880505 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2313410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent disease among middle-aged and elderly males, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Dysbiosis of the microbiome is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in various human diseases. Prostate tissue also contains a unique microbiome, and its dysbiosis has been proposed to contribute to prostate diseases. Here, we obtained prostate tissues and preoperative catheterized urine from 24 BPH individuals, and 8 normal prostate samples as controls, which followed strict aseptic measures. Using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), we found the disparities in the microbiome composition between normal and BPH tissues, with Pseudomonas significantly enriched in BPH tissues, as confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Additionally, we showed that the prostate microbiome differed from the urine microbiome. In vitro experiments revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas activated NF-κB signalling, leading to inflammation, proliferation, and EMT processes, while inhibiting apoptosis in prostatic cells. Overall, our research determines the presence of microbiome dysbiosis in BPH, and suggests that Pseudomonas, as the dominant microflora, may promote the progression of BPH through LPS activation of NF-κB signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongming Li
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tengfei Wan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Inamura S, Terada N. Chronic inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia: Pathophysiology and treatment options. Int J Urol 2024; 31:968-974. [PMID: 38934050 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, a prevalent condition in aging men, is characterized by the proliferation of prostatic epithelial and stromal cells, which leads to bladder outlet obstruction and the exacerbation of lower urinary tract symptoms. There is increasing evidence that chronic prostatic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. This review explores the complex relationship between chronic inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia, focusing on the underlying mechanisms, clinical implications, and current therapeutic approaches. The pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia is multifaceted, involving factors such as hormonal changes, hypoxia, urine reflux into prostatic ducts and stroma, autoimmune responses, and infection-induced inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-17 and interleukin-8, may play key roles in tissue remodeling and smooth muscle contraction within the prostate, thereby influencing benign prostatic hyperplasia progression. Current therapies for benign prostatic hyperplasia include α1-blockers, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, 5α-reductase inhibitors, and plant-based treatments (e.g., pollen extract). These therapies aim to alleviate symptoms by reducing prostatic inflammation, improving blood flow, and inhibiting hormonal pathways involved in prostatic enlargement. However, patients with chronic prostatic inflammation often experience more severe lower urinary tract symptoms and may be resistant to conventional treatments. This resistance has prompted the exploration of alternative therapies targeting inflammation. Chronic prostatic inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis and severity of benign prostatic hyperplasia. An understanding of its mechanisms will enable the development of more effective treatments to improve the quality of life among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Inamura
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng X, Chen Y, Xia W, Zhang B. Association between dietary niacin intake and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a population-based results from NHANES 2003-2008. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:130. [PMID: 39174993 PMCID: PMC11342560 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) commonly impacts the quality of life in older men. However, there is lack of research on relationship between dietary niacin intake and the risk of BPH. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary niacin intake and the risk of BPH. METHODS Data from the NHANES spanning 2003 to 2008 were utilized. BPH was determined using a self-report questionnaire, while dietary niacin intake was calculated based on the mean of two distinct diet interviews. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to explore the association, supplemented with restricted cubic splines and subgroup analysis. RESULTS A total of 700 males were enrolled, of which 653 men had BPH. After adjusting for all covariates, a high dietary intake of niacin was associated with an increased risk of BPH (OR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.01-1.07). Furthermore, when the lowest dietary niacin intake is used as the reference, the highest tertile is associated with an increased risk of BPH (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.24-4,42). Restricted cubic splines demonstrated a positive correlation between dietary niacin intake and BPH risk. CONCLUSIONS The study results demonstrated a positive association between dietary niacin intake and the risk of BPH in elderly men in the US. These findings underscore the importance of systematic assessment before supplementing micronutrients in elderly men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Feng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang C, Zhao J, Lin C, Gao Y, Luo J, He F, Fang Z, Li Z, Ran Q, Yang Z. Inhibition of integrin receptors reduces extracellular matrix levels, ameliorating benign prostate hyperplasia. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126499. [PMID: 37659484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Although a high prevalence of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) has been documented, the risk factors are poorly understood. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of BPH. Succinylation, a type of posttranslational modification, mostly targets metabolic processes. The level of succinylation was investigated in 4 BPH patients and 4 healthy controls. Additionally, 176 patients with BPH were analyzed by using pan-antisuccinyllysine antibody blotting. TMT-labeling proteomic and sc-RNAseq Cellchat analyses were employed to identify key signaling factors involved in the development of BPH. In vivo and in vitro experiments were used to confirm the role of integrin receptors. The global succinylation level in BPH was higher than that in the healthy prostate. Positive correlations of prostate volume with IHC score sand urodynamics testing were found in large clinical cohorts. The extracellular matrix (ECM), metabolic processes and immune signaling were involved in succinylation in BPH, as indicated by using TMT-labeling proteomic analysis, and this finding was also confirmed by sc-RNAseq CellChat analysis. The proteins upregulated in SIRT5 knockout WPMY-1 cells were also enriched in the extracellular matrix and metabolic processes. More importantly, integrin receptor inhibition in a mouse model of BPH significantly ameliorated prostate hyperplasia. High levels of succinylation modifications were found in BPH, and succinylated proteins influenced the activation of the ECM. Inhibition of ECM signaling further ameliorated prostate hyperplasia in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanchuan Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation Biology Laboratory, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of urology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenqiang Fang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation Biology Laboratory, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qian Ran
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation Biology Laboratory, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation Biology Laboratory, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bello II, Omigbodun A, Morhason-Bello I. Common salt aggravated pathology of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in adult male Wistar rat. BMC Urol 2023; 23:207. [PMID: 38082261 PMCID: PMC10712029 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major health concern associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in men. Recurrent inflammation, decreased apoptotic rate and oxidative stress are some of the theories that explain the pathophysiology of BPH. Common salt, a food additive, is known to cause systemic inflammation and redox imbalance, and may serve as a potential risk factor for BPH development or progression. This study examined the effect of common salt intake on the pathology of testosterone-induced BPH. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of 10: a control and three salt diet groups-low-salt diet (LSD), standard-salt diet (SSD) and high-salt diet (HSD). The rats were castrated, allowed to recuperate and placed on salt-free diet (control), 0.25% salt diet (LSD), 0.5% salt diet (SSD) and 1.25% salt diet (HSD) for 60 days ad libitum. On day 33, BPH was induced in all the rats with daily injections of testosterone propionate-Testost® (3 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. The rats had overnight fast (12 h) on day 60 and were euthanized the following day in order to collect blood and prostate samples for biochemical, molecular and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. Mean ± SD values were calculated for each group and compared for significant difference with ANOVA followed by post hoc test (Tukey HSD) at p < 0.05. RESULTS This study recorded a substantially higher level of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 in salt diet groups and moderate IHC staining of COX-2 in HSD group. The prostatic level of IL-17, IL-1β, PGE2, relative prostate weight and serum PSA levels were not statistically different. The concentrations of IGF-1, TGF-β were similar in all the groups but there were multiple fold increase in Bcl-2 expression in salt diet groups-LSD (13.2), SSD (9.5) and HSD (7.9) and multiple fold decrease in VEGF expression in LSD (-6.3), SSD (-5.1) and HSD (-14.1) compared to control. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and concentration of nitric oxide rose in LSD and SSD groups, and SSD and HSD groups respectively. Activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and concentration of NADPH and hydrogen peroxide were not significantly different. IHC showed positive immunostaining for iNOS expression in all the groups while histopathology revealed moderate to severe prostatic hyperplasia in salt diet groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that low, standard and high salt diets aggravated the pathology of testosterone-induced BPH in Wistar rats by promoting inflammation, oxidative stress, while suppressing apoptosis and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Idowu Bello
- Department of Reproductive Health Sciences, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (including Health and Agriculture), PAULESI, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Department of Animal Health Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Akinyinka Omigbodun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Imran Morhason-Bello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Silva VAP, Abboud RDS, Contreiras EC, Boaventura GT, Chagas MA. Avocado Oil ( Persea americana) Reduces Epithelial Proliferation on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:783-789. [PMID: 37871299 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2179552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of avocado oil on the histoarchitecture of the prostate of normal rats and on rats with induced benign prostatic hyperplasia using computerized histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. METHODS Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: the control group (CG), the avocado oil group (AOG) fed with avocado oil-based diet, the induced group (IG), and the avocado oil testosterone-induced group (AOIG). Prostate hyperplasia was induced by subcutaneous implantation of silicone pellets, filled with testosterone, to promote androgen stimulation. After 12 weeks, the rats were euthanized, and their prostates were removed. The material was prepared for paraffin processing and stained using hematoxylin-eosin and immunostaining for p63 nuclear antigen. RESULTS The mean epithelial thickness obtained from AOIG (19.44 ± 2.62 µm) was significantly reduced compared to that from IG (27.02 ± 4.1 µm). The average alveolar area in AOIG was 0.100 ± 0.03, which was greater than that of CG. The immunostaining for p63 in basal cells in AOIG was 17.77% ± 2.72 of the total area, a result greater than that in AOG (12.13% ± 2.04) and CG (12.01 ± 2.05). Collagen remodeling was observed with thicker fibers predominating in CG and AOG over thinner fibers in IG and AOIG. CONCLUSION The results suggest that avocado oil has a protective effect on the prostatic epithelium of Wistar rats subjected to long-term induced prostate hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Alves Pereira da Silva
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Extracellular Biomorphology, Biomedic Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato de Souza Abboud
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Extracellular Biomorphology, Biomedic Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cortez Contreiras
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Extracellular Biomorphology, Biomedic Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilson Teles Boaventura
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Departament of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Alves Chagas
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Extracellular Biomorphology, Biomedic Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin L, Wang W, Xiao K, Guo X, Zhou L. Genetically elevated bioavailable testosterone level was associated with the occurrence of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2095-2102. [PMID: 36913135 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies identified several risk factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. But they were not so reliable and some studies contradicted with one another. Hence, a reliable method is urgently needed to explore exact factors that facilitated BPH development. METHODS The study was based on Mendelian randomization (MR) design. All participants were from the most recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with large sample size. The causal associations between nine phenotypes (total testosterone level, bioavailable testosterone level, sex hormone-binding globulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyper-tension, and body mass index) and BPH outcome were estimated. Two sample MR, bidirectional MR, and multivariate MR (MVMR) were performed. RESULTS Increase in bioavailable testosterone level was able to induce BPH based on nearly all combination methods [beta (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.20 (0.06-0.34) for inverse variance weighted (IVW)]. The other traits seemed to interact with testosterone level and did not cause BPH generally. Higher triglycerides level was likely to raise bioavailable testosterone level [beta (95% CI): 0.04 (0.01-0.06) for IVW]. In MVMR model, bioavailable testosterone level was still associated with BPH occurrence [beta (95% CI) 0.27 (0.03-0.50) for IVW]. CONCLUSIONS We for the first time validated the central role of bioavailable testosterone level in the pathogenesis of BPH. The complex associations between other traits and BPH should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Xiao
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Guo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou H, Xu M, Hu P, Li Y, Ren C, Li M, Pan Y, Wang S, Liu X. Identifying hub genes and common biological pathways between COVID-19 and benign prostatic hyperplasia by machine learning algorithms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172724. [PMID: 37426635 PMCID: PMC10328422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19, a serious respiratory disease that has the potential to affect numerous organs, is a serious threat to the health of people around the world. The objective of this article is to investigate the potential biological targets and mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and related symptoms. Methods We downloaded the COVID-19 datasets (GSE157103 and GSE166253) and the BPH datasets (GSE7307 and GSE132714) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In GSE157103 and GSE7307, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found using the "Limma" package, and the intersection was utilized to obtain common DEGs. Further analyses followed, including those using Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Potential hub genes were screened using three machine learning methods, and they were later verified using GSE132714 and GSE166253. The CIBERSORT analysis and the identification of transcription factors, miRNAs, and drugs as candidates were among the subsequent analyses. Results We identified 97 common DEGs from GSE157103 and GSE7307. According to the GO and KEGG analyses, the primary gene enrichment pathways were immune-related pathways. Machine learning methods were used to identify five hub genes (BIRC5, DNAJC4, DTL, LILRB2, and NDC80). They had good diagnostic properties in the training sets and were validated in the validation sets. According to CIBERSORT analysis, hub genes were closely related to CD4 memory activated of T cells, T cells regulatory and NK cells activated. The top 10 drug candidates (lucanthone, phytoestrogens, etoposide, dasatinib, piroxicam, pyrvinium, rapamycin, niclosamide, genistein, and testosterone) will also be evaluated by the P value, which is expected to be helpful for the treatment of COVID-19-infected patients with BPH. Conclusion Our findings reveal common signaling pathways, possible biological targets, and promising small molecule drugs for BPH and COVID-19. This is crucial to understand the potential common pathogenic and susceptibility pathways between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuezheng Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Congzhe Ren
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Muwei Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangren Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Shan L, Wang Q, Zhai H, Xuan Y, Yan G. Comparison of chronic gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities between brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:357-372. [PMID: 37066936 DOI: 10.3233/thc-236031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 125I BT is an effective radiotherapy for prostate cancer. However, comparison data of GI and GU toxicities between BT, BT + EBRT, and EBRT-alone patient groups is limited. OBJECTIVE To define the GI and GU toxicities in prostate cancer to prevent adverse events after treatment. METHODS We searched published studies in PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases up to December 31, 2022. The endpoints were the RRs of GI and GU toxicities. Pooled data were assessed using a random-effects model. RESULTS Fifteen eligible studies were included into this analysis. LDR-BT had significantly lower RRs than LDR-BT + EBRT for acute GI (2.13; 95% CI, 1.22-3.69; P= 0.007) and late GI toxicities (3.96; 95% CI, 1.23-12.70; P= 0.02). Moreover, EBRT had significantly higher RRs than LDR-BT for acute GU (2.32; 95% CI, 1.29-4.15; P= 0.005) and late GU toxicities (2.38; 95% CI, 1.27-4.44; P= 0.007). HDR-BT had significantly higher RRs for acute GU toxicities than LDR-BT alone (0.30; 95% CI, 0.23-0.40; P< 0.00001). CONCLUSION The results implied that BT with and without EBRT can result in both GI and GU toxicities in patients with prostate cancer, with LDR-BT leading to a poorer urinary function than EBRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhe Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of Haicang, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of Haicang, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ligang Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of Haicang, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qianqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huige Zhai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yinghua Xuan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gen Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gupta A, Carnazza M, Jones M, Darzynkiewicz Z, Halicka D, O'Connell T, Zhao H, Dadafarin S, Shin E, Schwarcz MD, Moscatello A, Tiwari RK, Geliebter J. Androgen Receptor Activation Induces Senescence in Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082198. [PMID: 37190127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with an approximately three-fold higher incidence in women. TCGA data indicate that androgen receptor (AR) RNA is significantly downregulated in PTC. In this study, AR-expressing 8505C (anaplastic TC) (84E7) and K1 (papillary TC) cells experienced an 80% decrease in proliferation over 6 days of exposure to physiological levels of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In 84E7, continuous AR activation resulted in G1 growth arrest, accompanied by a flattened, vacuolized cell morphology, with enlargement of the cell and the nuclear area, which is indicative of senescence; this was substantiated by an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, total RNA and protein content, and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the expression of tumor suppressor proteins p16, p21, and p27 was significantly increased. A non-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory profile was induced, significantly decreasing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF, RANTES, and MCP-1; this is consistent with the lower incidence of thyroid inflammation and cancer in men. Migration increased six-fold, which is consistent with the clinical observation of increased lymph node metastasis in men. Proteolytic invasion potential was not significantly altered, which is consistent with unchanged MMP/TIMP expression. Our studies provide evidence that the induction of senescence is a novel function of AR activation in thyroid cancer cells, and may underlie the protective role of AR activation in the decreased incidence of TC in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Michelle Carnazza
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Melanie Jones
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Timmy O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Sina Dadafarin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edward Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Monica D Schwarcz
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Raj K Tiwari
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang S, Zhang A, Pan Y, Liu L, Niu S, Zhang F, Liu X. Association between COVID-19 and Male Fertility: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:311-329. [PMID: 36326165 PMCID: PMC10042646 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether COVID-19 reduces male fertility remains requires further investigation. This meta-analysis and systematic review evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on male fertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to January 01, 2022 was systematically searched, and a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on male fertility. Totally 17 studies with a total of 1,627 patients and 1,535 control subjects were included in our meta-analysis. RESULTS Regarding sperm quality, COVID-19 decreased the total sperm count (p=0.012), sperm concentration (p=0.001), total motility (p=0.001), progressive sperm motility (p=0.048), and viability (p=0.031). Subgroup analyses showed that different control group populations did not change the results. It was found that during the illness stage of COVID-19, semen volume decreased, and during the recovery stage of COVID-19, sperm concentration and total motility decreased <90 days. We found that sperm concentration and total motility decreased during recovery for ≥90 days. Fever because of COVID-19 significantly reduced sperm concentration and progressive sperm motility, and COVID-19 without fever ≥90 days, the sperm total motility and progressive sperm motility decreased. Regarding disease severity, the moderate type of COVID-19 significantly reduced sperm total motility, but not the mild type. Regarding sex hormones, COVID-19 increased prolactin and estradiol. Subgroup analyses showed that during the illness stage, COVID-19 decreased testosterone (T) levels and increased luteinizing hormone levels. A potential publication bias may have existed in our meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 in men significantly reduced sperm quality and caused sex hormone disruption. COVID-19 had long-term effects on sperm quality, especially on sperm concentration and total motility. It is critical to conduct larger multicenter studies to determine the consequences of COVID-19 on male fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangren Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiqiao Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neonatology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neonatology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohammadrezaei A, Mokhtari Ardekani A, Abbasalizad-Farhangi M, Mesgari-Abbasi M, Mousavi R. Association Between Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Atherogenic Indices of Plasma Among Young Sedentary Males. Nutr Metab Insights 2023; 16:11786388231155006. [PMID: 36860914 PMCID: PMC9969450 DOI: 10.1177/11786388231155006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Males are more likely than females to suffer from cardiovascular disease (CVD). So, sex hormones may modify these variations and affect the lipid profile. We examined the relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and CVD risk factors among young males in this study. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we measured total testosterone, SHBG, lipids, glucose, insulin, antioxidant parameters, and anthropometric factors in 48 young males in the age range of 18 to 40 years. Atherogenic indices of plasma were calculated. In this study, a partial correlation analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between SHBG and other variables after adjustment for confounders. Results According to the results of multivariable analyses adjusted for age and energy, SHBG had a negative correlation with total cholesterol (r = -.454, P =.010), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -.496, P =.005), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index, and positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = .463, P =.009). No significant correlation was observed between SHBG and triglycerides (P >.05). Several atherogenic indices of plasma have a negative correlation with SHBG levels. These include Atherogenic Index of Plasma (r = -.474, P = .006), Castelli Risk Index (CRI)1 (r = -.581, P < .001), CRI2 (r = -.564, P = .001), and Atherogenic Coefficient (r = -.581, P < .001). Conclusion Among young men, high plasma SHBG was associated with reduced CVD risk factors, modified lipid profile and atherogenic ratios, and better glycemic markers. Therefore, reduced SHBG concentrations could be a prognostic marker of CVD among young sedentary males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadrezaei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center,
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research
Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, & Physiology
Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Reihaneh Mousavi
- 29-Bahman Hospital, Iranian Social
Security Organization, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Buendía-González FO, Legorreta-Herrera M. The Similarities and Differences between the Effects of Testosterone and DHEA on the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121768. [PMID: 36551196 PMCID: PMC9775255 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are steroids that modulate various processes in the body, ranging from reproduction, metabolism, and even immune response. The main androgens are testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). These steroids modulate the development and function of immune response cells. Androgens are generally attributed to immunosuppressive effects; however, this is not always the case. Variations in the concentrations of these hormones induce differences in the innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immune response, which is concentration dependent. The androgens at the highest concentration in the organism that bind to the androgen receptor (AR) are DHEA and testosterone. Therefore, in this work, we review the effects of DHEA and testosterone on the immune response. The main findings of this review are that DHEA and testosterone induce similar but also opposite effects on the immune response. Both steroids promote the activation of regulatory T cells, which suppresses the Th17-type response. However, while testosterone suppresses the inflammatory response, DHEA promotes it, and this modulation is important for understanding the involvement of androgens in infectious (bacterial, viral and parasitic) and autoimmune diseases, as well as in the sexual dimorphism that occurs in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fidel Orlando Buendía-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología de Moléculas de Interés Biológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Legorreta-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología de Moléculas de Interés Biológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rastrelli G, Cipriani S, Lotti F, Cellai I, Comeglio P, Filippi S, Boddi V, Della Camera PA, Santi R, Boni L, Nesi G, Serni S, Gacci M, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. Testosterone does not affect lower urinary tract symptoms while improving markers of prostatitis in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1413-1425. [PMID: 35298833 PMCID: PMC9184417 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a result of prostate inflammation, frequently occurring in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Low testosterone is common in MetS. A randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate if 24 weeks of testosterone therapy (TTh) in BPH men with MetS and low testosterone improve urinary symptoms and prostate inflammation. METHODS One-hundred-twenty men with MetS waitlisted for BPH surgery were enrolled. They were categorized into normal testosterone (TT ≥ 12 nmol/L and cFT ≥ 225 pmol/L; n = 48) and testosterone deficient (TD) (TT < 12 nmol/L and/or cFT < 225 pmol/L; n = 72) then randomized to testosterone gel 2% (5 g/daily) or placebo for 24 weeks. At baseline and follow-up, questionnaires for urinary symptoms and trans-rectal ultrasound were performed. Prostate tissue was collected for molecular and histopathological analyses. RESULTS No differences in the improvement of urinary symptoms were found between TTh and placebo (OR [95% CI] 0.96 [0.39; 2.37]). In TD + TTh, increase in prostate but not adenoma volume was observed (2.64 mL [0.07; 5.20] and 1.82 mL [- 0.46; 0.41], respectively). Ultrasound markers of inflammation were improved. In a subset of 61 men, a hyper-expression of several pro-inflammatory genes was found in TD + placebo when compared with normal testosterone. TTh was able to counteract this effect. For 80 men, the inflammatory infiltrate was higher in TD + placebo than in normal testosterone (0.8 points [0.2; 1.4]) and TD + TTh men (0.9 points [0.2; 1.5]). CONCLUSIONS Twenty-four weeks of TTh in TD men with BPH and MetS improves ultrasound, molecular and histological proxies of prostate inflammation. This does not result in symptom improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Rastrelli
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - S Cipriani
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - F Lotti
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - I Cellai
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - P Comeglio
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - S Filippi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - V Boddi
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - P A Della Camera
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Piero Palagi, 1, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - R Santi
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Piero Palagi, 1, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Boni
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Nesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - S Serni
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Piero Palagi, 1, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Gacci
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Piero Palagi, 1, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro, 305, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - L Vignozzi
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro, 305, 00136, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Iqbal H, Yadav P, Verma AK, Mishra D, Vamadevan B, Singh D, Luqman S, Negi AS, Chanda D. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cardio-protective properties of novel fluorophenyl benzimidazole in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 929:175132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
16
|
Martins G, Verdeal JCR, Tostes H, da Silva ARO, Tessarollo B, Rocha NN, Rocco PRM, Silva PL. Testosterone Therapy and Diaphragm Performance in a Male Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020535. [PMID: 35204624 PMCID: PMC8871258 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of testosterone may lead to reduced diaphragm excursion and inspiratory time during COVID-19 infection. We report the case of a 38-year-old man with a positive result on a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2, admitted to the intensive care unit with acute respiratory failure. After several days on mechanical ventilation and use of rescue therapies, during the weaning phase, the patient presented dyspnea associated with low diaphragm performance (diaphragm thickness fraction, amplitude, and the excursion-time index during inspiration were 37%, 1.7 cm, and 2.6 cm/s, respectively) by ultrasonography and reduced testosterone levels (total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were 9.3 ng/dL, 5.8 ng/dL, and 10.5 nmol/L, respectively). Testosterone was administered three times 2 weeks apart (testosterone undecanoate 1000 mg/4 mL intramuscularly). Diaphragm performance improved significantly (diaphragm thickness fraction, amplitude, and the excursion-time index during inspiration were 70%, 2.4 cm, and 3.0 cm/s, respectively) 45 and 75 days after the first dose of testosterone. No adverse events were observed, although monitoring was required after testosterone administration. Testosterone replacement therapy led to good diaphragm performance in a male patient with COVID-19. This should be interpreted with caution due to the exploratory nature of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Martins
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (G.M.); (N.N.R.); (P.R.M.R.)
- Barra D’Or, Rio de Janeiro 22775-002, Brazil; (J.C.R.V.); (H.T.); (A.R.O.d.S.); (B.T.)
| | | | - Helio Tostes
- Barra D’Or, Rio de Janeiro 22775-002, Brazil; (J.C.R.V.); (H.T.); (A.R.O.d.S.); (B.T.)
| | | | - Bernardo Tessarollo
- Barra D’Or, Rio de Janeiro 22775-002, Brazil; (J.C.R.V.); (H.T.); (A.R.O.d.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Nazareth Novaes Rocha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (G.M.); (N.N.R.); (P.R.M.R.)
- Department of Physiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (G.M.); (N.N.R.); (P.R.M.R.)
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (G.M.); (N.N.R.); (P.R.M.R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kwon OJ, Zhang B, Jia D, Zhang L, Wei X, Zhou Z, Liu D, Huynh KT, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Labhart P, Sboner A, Barbieri C, Haffner MC, Creighton CJ, Xin L. Elevated expression of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia dependent of epithelial-Gp130. Oncogene 2022; 41:1309-1323. [PMID: 34999736 PMCID: PMC8882147 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are increased in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. We generate a Pb-Csf1 mouse model with prostate-specific overexpression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-Csf/Csf1). Csf1 overexpression promotes immune cell infiltration into the prostate, modulates the macrophage polarity in a lobe-specific manner, and induces senescence and low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). The Pb-Csf1 prostate luminal cells exhibit increased stem cell features and undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Human prostate cancer patients with high CSF-1 expression display similar transcriptional alterations with the Pb-Csf1 model. P53 knockout alleviates senescence but fails to progress PIN lesions. Ablating epithelial Gp130 but not Il1r1 substantially blocks PIN lesion formation. The androgen receptor (AR) is downregulated in Pb-Csf1 mice. ChIP-Seq analysis reveals altered AR binding in 2482 genes although there is no significant widespread change in global AR transcriptional activity. Collectively, our study demonstrates that increased macrophage infiltration causes PIN formation but fails to transform prostate cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Joon Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deyong Jia
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Deli Liu
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khoi Trung Huynh
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Andrea Sboner
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris Barbieri
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tuttle KL, Forman J, Beck LA. Novel systemic treatments in atopic dermatitis: Are there sex differences? Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 7:606-614. [PMID: 35024415 PMCID: PMC8721130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with a significant global disease burden. Several mechanisms underlie AD, such as epidermal barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation, which have led to innovative systemic treatment options. Other inflammatory disorders, as well as innate and adaptive immune responses, have noted sex differences, but our article highlights a paucity of data on the impact of sex, gender, and gender identity on the pathophysiology and systemic treatments of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Tuttle
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Jessica Forman
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Lisa A Beck
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Department of Dermatology, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Liu M, Cui Y, Zhu Z, Chen J, Zeng F, Gao M, Li Y, Huang F, Chen H. Increased risk of testosterone deficiency is associated with the systemic immune-inflammation index: a population-based cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:974773. [PMID: 36051392 PMCID: PMC9424499 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.974773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum testosterone levels and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). METHODS Complete SII and serum testosterone data of men over 20 years of age were retrieved from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to conduct a prevalence survey. To calculate SII, the platelet count was multiplied by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio. Isotope dilution liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were employed to measure serum testosterone concentration. Testosterone deficiency (TD) was defined as a serum testosterone level ≤ 300ng/dl. Weighted proportions and multivariable regression analyses were used to analyze the association between SII and TD. RESULTS Overall, the data of 7389 participants were analyzed, The SII ranged from 1.53 - 6297.60. Of the participants, 28.42% had a low serum testosterone level (≤ 300 ng/dl). In the fully adjusted multivariable logistic model, the second quartile (OR: 1.27, p = 0.0737), the third quartile (OR: 1.43, p = 0.0090), and the fourth quartile (OR:1.48, p = 0.0042) of SII significantly increased the TD incidence rate, with the lowest quartile of the SII as a reference. For subgroup analysis, statistically significant associations were observed in participants aged 20-40, obese, non-hypertensive, and non-diabetic. The interaction test revealed no significant effect on this connection. CONCLUSIONS There was a positive relationship between a high SII and an increased prevalence of TD in a nationwide sample of adult men in the United States. Further prospective studies on a larger scale are warranted to confirm the causality between SII and TD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hequn Chen, ; Fang Huang,
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hequn Chen, ; Fang Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Broggi G, Lo Giudice A, Di Mauro M, Pricoco E, Piombino E, Ferro M, Caltabiano R, Morgia G, Russo GI. Insulin signaling, androgen receptor and PSMA immunohistochemical analysis by semi-automated tissue microarray in prostate cancer with diabetes (DIAMOND study). Transl Res 2021; 238:25-35. [PMID: 34314871 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, many studies have highlighted the hypothesis that diabetes and hyperglycemia could be relevant for prostate cancer (PC) development and progression. We aimed to identify the prognostic value of tissue expression of androgen receptor (AR), Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA), Ki-67, insulin receptors (IR) α and β, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor, in patients with PC and to evaluate their association with diabetes. We retrospectively collected data from 360 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for PC or surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), between 2010 and 2020. We constructed tissue microarray for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. In the final cohort (76 BPH and 284 PC), 57 (15.8%) patients had diabetes, 17 (22.37%) in BPH and 40 (14.08%) in PC (P = 0.08). IR-α was more expressed in patients with PC compared to the BPH Group (95.96% vs 4.04%; P <0.01). We found that AR was associated with increased risk of International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) score ≥4 (OR: 2.2; P <0.05), higher association with Ki-67 (OR: 2.2; P <0.05) and IR-α (OR: 5.7; P <0.05); IGF-1 receptor was associated with PSMA (OR: 2.8; P <0.05), Ki-67 (OR: 3.5; P <0.05) and IR-β (OR: 5.1; P <0.05). Finally, IGF-1 receptor was predictive of ISUP ≥ 4 (OR: 16.5; P =0.017) in patients with PC and diabetes. In the present study we highlighted how prostate cancer patients have a different protein expression in the tissue. This expression, and in particular that relating to IGF-1R, is associated with greater tumor aggressiveness in those patients with diabetes. We suppose that these results are attributable to an alteration of the insulin signal which therefore determines a greater mitogenic activity that can influence tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Arturo Lo Giudice
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Di Mauro
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pricoco
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eliana Piombino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Morgia
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ivan Russo
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Faidah H, Alexiou A, Batiha GES. Testosterone in COVID-19: An Adversary Bane or Comrade Boon. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:666987. [PMID: 34568081 PMCID: PMC8455954 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.666987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which leads to pulmonary manifestations like acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, COVID-19 may cause extra-pulmonary manifestation such as testicular injury. Both high and low levels of testosterone could affect the severity of COVID-19. Herein, there is substantial controversy regarding the potential role of testosterone in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Therefore, the present study aimed to review and elucidate the assorted view of preponderance regarding the beneficial and harmful effects of testosterone in COVID-19. A related literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct was done. All published articles related to the role of testosterone and COVID-19 were included in this mini-review. The beneficial effects of testosterone in COVID-19 are through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, augmentation of anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulation of the immune response, attenuation of oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. However, its harmful effects in COVID-19 are due to augmentation of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is essential for cleaving and activating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most published studies illustrated that low testosterone levels are linked to COVID-19 severity. A low testosterone level in COVID-19 is mainly due to testicular injury, the primary source of testosterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hani Faidah
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.,AFNP Med Austria, Wien, Austria
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shah A, Shah AA, K N, Lobo R. Mechanistic targets for BPH and prostate cancer-a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:261-270. [PMID: 32960781 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
All men, almost, suffer from prostatic disorders in average life expectancy. In the year of 1950s, the first autopsy of prostate gland discovered the link between Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer (PCa). After that, many histology, biochemistry, epidemiology studies explained the association and associated risk factor for the same. From the various scientific evidence, it is proved that both diseases share some common transcription factors and signalling pathways. Still, BPH cannot be considered as the first step of PCa progression. To define, the relationship between both of the diseases, a well-defined large epidemiological study is needed. Along with androgen signalling, imbalanced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and microbial infection also crucial factors that significantly affect the pathogenesis of BPH. Various signalling pathways are involved in the progression of BPH. Androgen signalling is the driving force for the progress of PCa. In PCa androgen signalling is upregulated as compared to a healthy prostate. Some dominant Androgen-regulated genes and their functions have been discussed in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Aarti Abhishek Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandakumar K
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The relationship between prostatic chronic inflammation (PCI) and prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear and controversial. Some authors reported that a history of chronic prostatitis may be correlated with PCa induction, while others associate chronic inflammation with less aggressive disease or consider inflammation as a possible protective factor against PCa. Four different types of prostatitis are known: bacterial acute prostatic inflammation, bacterial chronic prostatic inflammation, abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and asymptomatic prostatic chronic inflammation. Prostatic inflammation is underestimated during daily clinical practice, and its presence and degree often go unmentioned in the pathology report of prostate biopsies. The goal of this report is to further our understanding of how PCI influences the biology of PCa. We investigated the main pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for prostatic inflammation, including the cellular response and inflammatory mediators to describe how inflammation modifies the prostatic environment and can lead to benign or malignant prostatic diseases. We found that prostatic inflammation might have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of prostatic diseases. Details about PCI in all prostate biopsy reports should be mandatory. This will help us better understand the prostatic microenvironment pathways involved in PCa biology, and it will allow the development of specific risk stratification and a patient-tailored therapeutic approach to prostatic diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rastrelli G, Vignozzi L, Maggi M. Testosterone therapy: a friend or a foe for the aging men with benign prostatic hyperplasia? Asian J Androl 2021; 22:233-235. [PMID: 31424029 PMCID: PMC7275798 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_86_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rastrelli
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, Florence 6 I-50139, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, Florence 6 I-50139, Italy.,I.N.B.B., Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome I-00136, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, Florence 6 I-50139, Italy.,I.N.B.B., Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome I-00136, Italy.,Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, Florence 6 I-50139, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Corona G, Rastrelli G, Vignozzi L, Barbonetti A, Sforza A, Mannucci E, Maggi M. The Role of testosterone treatment in patients with metabolic disorders. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:1091-1103. [PMID: 34085587 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1938548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The specific role of testosterone [T] replacement therapy [TRT] on glycometabolic profile and body composition, particularly in patients with metabolic syndrome [MetS] and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], is still the object of an intense debate. AREAS COVERED To discuss available evidence on the association between T and metabolic diseases and on the possible effect of T administration on metabolic disorder-associated hypogonadism. Both preclinical and clinical data have been considered. In addition, a meta-analysis of the available placebo and non-placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials [RCTs] investigating the effects of TRT in T2DM or MetS in several outcomes has been also performed. EXPERT OPINION Data derived from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that T administration, by reducing fat mass, can improve body composition and ameliorate some aspects of glucose metabolism. The effects of TRT on sexual function in patients with established metabolic derangements are inconsistent, whereas better results were observed in preclinical conditions or in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Azienda Usl, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Rastrelli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Mario Serio" Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Mario Serio" Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Barbonetti
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sforza
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Azienda Usl, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mannucci
- Department of Diabetology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi and University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Mario Serio" Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Qian X, Gu Z, Guan W, Qi J, Xu D. Resveratrol could attenuate prostatic inflammation in rats with Oestradiol-induced chronic prostatitis. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14004. [PMID: 33550669 DOI: 10.1111/and.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of resveratrol in rats with chronic prostatitis, 24 rats were randomly divided into the negative control, vehicle-treated and resveratrol groups. The rats in the vehicle-treated group and the resveratrol group were injected subcutaneously with 17-β-oestradiol (0.25 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks while the rats in the control group were injected with equivalent normal saline. From the 45th day, the rats in the resveratrol group were given resveratrol (10 mg/kg) by gavage per day while the rest rats were given normal saline. After 55 days, all the rats were sacrificed and the prostatic tissue was removed. Morphological changes were examined by light microscope after H&E staining. The expressions of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were determined through ELISA and immunohistochemical staining. As a result, significant inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblastic hyperplasia were observed in prostatic stroma in the vehicle-treated group compared with the negative control group, as well as the high expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. After resveratrol treatment, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblastic hyperplasia were shown prominently reduced. Meanwhile, the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α was significantly suppressed. For conclusion, resveratrol could attenuate the prostatic inflammation and downregulate the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in rat with oestradiol-induced chronic prostatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Qian
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengqin Gu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Younis JS, Skorecki K, Abassi Z. The Double Edge Sword of Testosterone's Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:607179. [PMID: 33796068 PMCID: PMC8009245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.607179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a complex disease with a multifaceted set of disturbances involving several mechanisms of health and disease in the human body. Sex hormones, estrogen, and testosterone, seem to play a major role in its pathogenesis, development, spread, severity, and mortalities. Examination of factors such as age, gender, ethnic background, genetic prevalence, and existing co-morbidities, may disclose the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection, morbidity, and mortality, paving the way for COVID-19 amelioration and substantial flattening of the infection curve. In this mini-review, we focus on the role of testosterone through a discussion of the intricate mechanisms of disease development and deterioration. Accumulated evidence suggests that there are links between high level (normal male level) as well as low level (age-related hypogonadism) testosterone in disease progression and expansion, supporting its role as a double-edged sword. Unresolved questions point to the essential need for further targeted studies to substantiate these contrasting mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny S. Younis
- Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
- Azrieili Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- *Correspondence: Johnny S. Younis,
| | - Karl Skorecki
- Azrieili Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Barbagallo F, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Endocrinology of the Aging Prostate: Current Concepts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:554078. [PMID: 33692752 PMCID: PMC7939072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.554078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), one of the most common diseases in older men, adversely affects quality-of-life due to the presence of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Numerous data support the presence of an association between BPH-related LUTS (BPH-LUTS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether hormonal changes occurring in MetS play a role in the pathogenesis of BPH-LUTS is a debated issue. Therefore, this article aimed to systematically review the impact of hormonal changes that occur during aging on the prostate, including the role of sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor 1, thyroid hormones, and insulin. The possible explanatory mechanisms of the association between BPH-LUTS and MetS are also discussed. In particular, the presence of a male polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-equivalent may represent a possible hypothesis to support this link. Male PCOS-equivalent has been defined as an endocrine syndrome with a metabolic background, which predisposes to the development of type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, BPH and prostatitis in old age. Its early identification would help prevent the onset of these long-term complications.
Collapse
|
29
|
Testosterone-loaded GM1 micelles targeted to the intracellular androgen receptor for the specific induction of genomic androgen signaling. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
30
|
Ho CH, Lu YC, Fan CK, Yu HJ, Liu HT, Wu CC, Chen KC, Liu SP, Cheng PC. Testosterone regulates the intracellular bacterial community formation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in prostate cells via STAT3. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151450. [PMID: 33092696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UPEC can internalize clonally in prostate to form biofilm-like intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) for recurrent or chronic infection. We previously indicated that the exposure of prostate cells to testosterone could suppress UPEC invasion and their persistent survival within cells by effectively inhibiting the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway. However, the regulatory mechanism by which testosterone affects UPEC-induced prostatitis via STAT3, another latent transcription factor signaling pathway is still unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the role of STAT3 in the process of UPEC-induced inflammation and colonization in prostate epithelial cells. METHODS The effects of testosterone-mediated inhibition were compared between the prostatitis by different UPEC strains (CFT073 and J96) through the specific GFP-UPEC-infected prostate cell model. Fluorescence microscopy was used for UPEC IBCs detection and quantifying, and Flow cytometry, RT-PCR and western blotting were used for analyzing related gene and protein expressions. Pretreatment of JAK and STAT3 inhibitors were also applied to verify the regulation of transduction pathway in testosterone-mediated anti-UPEC infection. RESULTS This study revealed that testosterone effectively suppresses UPEC infection and IBC formation in prostate cells through the JAK/STAT3 pathway. The results show that CFT073 and J96 UPEC infection rates and colony numbers were dose-dependently reduced in RWPE-1 cells pretreated with 5 and 20 μg/mL testosterone at 0 and 24 h post-infection. Further, testosterone reduced the amounts of UPEC infecting and surviving within the prostate cells, as well as suppressed the size of IBCs formed. We demonstrated that pretreating testosterone effectively inhibited UPEC infection along with dose-dependent suppression of STAT3 and the phosphorylated-STAT3 expression in prostate cells, especially in 24 h J96 UPEC infected groups. The STAT inhibitor, SOCS3 also up-regulated at the same time. In addition, we pretreated the JAK1 or STAT3 inhibitor with testosterone to block the signaling transduction before CFT073 and J96 UPEC infection, and found the significant restoring in both the sizes of IBCs and bacterial numbers in RWPE-1 cells. Therefore, our results suggest that the suppression of STAT3 by testosterone treatment attenuate UPEC growing within IBCs and interfere with their infection to prostate cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study demonstrates that testosterone suppresses the initial infection of prostate epithelial cells by UPEC and reduces the survival of UPEC within IBCs after infection. These results indicate a critical role for STAT3 in facilitating UPEC infection and persistence, and its participation in driving testosterone-suppressive responses in prostate epithelial cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that testosterone may be beneficial in treating clinically recurrent UPEC infections and, thus, the persistent recurrence of prostatic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsun Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Lu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kwung Fan
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jeng Yu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tien Liu
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Wu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chou Chen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Ching Cheng
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Giacomini A, Grillo E, Rezzola S, Ribatti D, Rusnati M, Ronca R, Presta M. The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:569-610. [PMID: 32730114 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins possessing paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine functions in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Canonical FGFs bind and activate tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that mediate their biological activity. Experimental evidence indicates that FGFs play a complex role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland that ranges from essential functions during embryonic development to modulation of neoplastic transformation. The use of ligand- and receptor-deleted mouse models has highlighted the requirement for FGF signaling in the normal development of the prostate gland. In adult prostate, the maintenance of a functional FGF/FGFR signaling axis is critical for organ homeostasis and function, as its disruption leads to prostate hyperplasia and may contribute to cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. Dissection of the molecular landscape modulated by the FGF family will facilitate ongoing translational efforts directed toward prostate cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rastrelli G, Di Stasi V, Inglese F, Beccaria M, Garuti M, Di Costanzo D, Spreafico F, Greco GF, Cervi G, Pecoriello A, Magini A, Todisco T, Cipriani S, Maseroli E, Corona G, Salonia A, Lenzi A, Maggi M, De Donno G, Vignozzi L. Low testosterone levels predict clinical adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients. Andrology 2020; 9:88-98. [PMID: 32436355 PMCID: PMC7280645 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic of new severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has stressed the importance of effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of clinical worsening and mortality. Epidemiological data showing a differential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on women and men have suggested a potential role for testosterone (T) in determining gender disparity in the SARS-CoV-2 clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVES To estimate the association between T level and SARS-CoV-2 clinical outcomes (defined as conditions requiring transfer to higher or lower intensity of care or death) in a cohort of patients admitted in the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU). MATERIALS AND METHODS A consecutive series of 31 male patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and recovered in the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of the "Carlo Poma" Hospital in Mantua were analyzed. Several biochemical risk factors (ie, blood count and leukocyte formula, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, interleukin 6 (IL-6)) as well as total testosterone (TT), calculated free T (cFT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined. RESULTS Lower TT and cFT were found in the transferred to ICU/deceased in RICU group vs groups of patients transferred to IM or maintained in the RICU in stable condition. Both TT and cFT showed a negative significant correlation with biochemical risk factors (ie, the neutrophil count, LDH, and PCT) but a positive association with the lymphocyte count. Likewise, TT was also negatively associated with CRP and ferritin levels. A steep increase in both ICU transfer and mortality risk was observed in men with TT < 5 nmol/L or cFT < 100 pmol/L. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates for the first time that lower baseline levels of TT and cFT levels predict poor prognosis and mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected men admitted to RICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rastrelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, University of Florence - Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenza Di Stasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, University of Florence - Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Magini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, University of Florence - Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Todisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, University of Florence - Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sarah Cipriani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, University of Florence - Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Maseroli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, University of Florence - Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Azienda Usl Bologna Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, URI-Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.,I.N.B.B. - Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Linda Vignozzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, University of Florence - Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.,I.N.B.B. - Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen B, Cao D, Chen Z, Huang Y, Lin T, Ai J, Liu L, Wei Q. Estrogen regulates the proliferation and inflammatory expression of primary stromal cell in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:322-331. [PMID: 32420138 PMCID: PMC7214965 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) in prostate tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) individuals, and the effects of estrogen regulating the proliferation and inflammatory expressions of primary prostate stromal cells in BPH. Methods A total of 44 human BPH prostate tissues were collected to explore the expression of ER by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell proliferation, mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed in primary prostate stromal cells treated with estrogen or estrogen plus fulvestrant through cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), IHC and western blot, respectively. Results Firstly, ERβ was positive, and ERα was negative in the transition zone of prostate among all the 44 individuals with BPH. Secondly, the effects could be partially inhibited by fulvestrant, of estrogen promoting the proliferation of primary prostate stromal cells cultured in dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Thirdly, estrogen up-regulates the mRNA levels of C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), CD40 ligand (CD 40L), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) and interleukin 10 (IL10), and down-regulates the mRNA levels of C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) and interleukin 17C (IL17C). Then, the protein expressions of CCR3, CCR4, CD40L, IL10 and IL17C are positive, and CXCL9 is negative in the third-generation primary prostate stromal cells. Finally, the effects could be partially inhibited by fulvestrant, of estrogen up-regulating the protein levels of CD40L and IL10. Conclusions The expressions of ER in human BPH prostate tissues are zone-dependent. Estrogen promoting the proliferation of primary prostate stromal cells cultured in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS. The expressions of CCR3, CCR4, CD 40L, IL17C, CXCL9 and IL10 are regulated by estrogen in primary prostate stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianhai Lin
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Testosterone Therapy: What We Have Learned From Trials. J Sex Med 2020; 17:447-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.11.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
35
|
Miranda EP, Torres LO. Late-onset hypogonadism: Prostate safety. Andrology 2020; 8:1606-1613. [PMID: 32056383 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have always been concerns regarding testosterone replacement therapy and prostate safety because of the central role of testosterone in prostate tissue. Even though there is a body of evidence supporting that the benefits of testosterone replacement therapy outbalance the risks of prostate disease, this matter is still debatable and represents a common concern among testosterone prescribers. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article was to review the influence of testosterone on prostate pathophysiology and discuss the potential impact of testosterone replacement therapy on the most common prostate pathologies, including benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have performed an extensive PubMed review of the literature examining the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on the prostate and its most common affections, especially in terms of safety. RESULTS Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to improve components of metabolic syndrome and decrease prostate inflammation, which is related to the worsening of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Studies evaluating the link between testosterone replacement therapy and benign prostatic hyperplasia/LUTS have mostly demonstrated no change in symptom scores and even some benefits. There are a significant number of studies demonstrating the safety of testosterone replacement therapy in individuals with late-onset hypogonadism and a history of prostate cancer. The most recently published guidelines have already acknowledged this fact and do not recommend against T treatment in this population, particularly in non-high-risk disease. CONCLUSION Testosterone replacement therapy could be considered for most men with late-onset hypogonadism regardless of their history of prostate disease. However, a discussion about the risks and benefits of testosterone replacement therapy is always advised, especially in men with prostate cancer. Appropriate monitoring is mandatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Miranda
- Division of Urology, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
A Role of the Heme Degradation Pathway in Shaping Prostate Inflammatory Responses and Lipid Metabolism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:830-843. [PMID: 32035059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of prostate inflammation are unclear. We hypothesized that heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1; HO-1), an enzyme responsible for degradation of heme to carbon monoxide, bilirubin, and iron, is an important regulator of inflammation and epithelial responses in the prostate. Injection of non-uropathogenic Escherichia coli (MG1655 strain) or phosphate-buffered saline into the urethra of mice led to increased numbers of CD45+ leukocytes and mitotic markers (phosphorylated histone H3 and phosphorylated ERK1/2) in the prostate glands. Leukocyte infiltration was elevated in the prostates harvested from mice lacking HO-1 in myeloid compartment. Conversely, exogenous carbon monoxide (250 ppm) increased IL-1β levels and suppressed cell proliferation in the prostates. Carbon monoxide did not affect the number of infiltrating CD45+ cells in the prostates of E. coli- or phosphate-buffered saline-treated mice. Interestingly, immunomodulatory effects of HO-1 and/or carbon monoxide correlated with early induction of the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1). ACSL1 levels were elevated in response to E. coli treatment, and macrophage-expressed ACSL1 was in part required for controlling of IL-1β expression and prostate cancer cell colony growth in soft agar. These results suggest that HO-1 and/or carbon monoxide might play a distinctive role in modulating prostate inflammation, cell proliferation, and IL-1β levels in part via an ACSL1-mediated pathway.
Collapse
|
37
|
Fox CW, Zhang L, Sohni A, Doblado M, Wilkinson MF, Chang RJ, Duleba AJ. Inflammatory Stimuli Trigger Increased Androgen Production and Shifts in Gene Expression in Theca-Interstitial Cells. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2946-2958. [PMID: 31599939 PMCID: PMC6855291 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by theca cell hyperplasia and excessive androgen production. An increasing body of evidence has pointed to a close association between PCOS and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. However, the mechanistic basis for this linkage is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of the inflammatory agents lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL-1β on rat theca-interstitial cells (TICs). We found that incubation with either LPS or IL-1β elicited a dose-dependent increase in both TIC viability and androgen production. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we found that both of these inflammatory agents also triggered profound and widespread shifts in gene expression. Using a stringent statistical cutoff, LPS and IL-1β elicited differential expression of 5201 and 5953 genes, respectively. Among the genes upregulated by both LPS and IL-1β were key regulatory genes involved in the cholesterol and androgen biosynthesis pathways, including Cyp17a1, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b, and Hmgcr. This provides a molecular explanation for the mechanism of action of inflammatory agents leading to increased androgen production. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that both LPS and IL-1β regulated genes highly enriched for many common functions, including the immune response and apoptosis. However, a large number of genes (n = 2222) were also uniquely regulated by LPS and IL-1β, indicating that these inflammatory mediators have substantial differences in their mechanism of action. Together, these findings highlight the potential molecular mechanisms through which chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of androgen excess in PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea W Fox
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Abhishek Sohni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Manuel Doblado
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Miles F Wilkinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - R Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Antoni J Duleba
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence: Antoni J. Duleba, MD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, 0633, La Jolla, California 92093. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The Roles of Sex Hormones in the Course of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194660. [PMID: 31547021 PMCID: PMC6802354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by T helper 2 cell (Th2)-shifted abnormal immunity, skin barrier impairment, and pruritus. The prevalence of AD in childhood is slightly higher in boys than in girls; after puberty, the sexual difference is reversed. The female preponderance in all generations exists in intrinsic AD with enhanced Th1 activity and nickel allergy, lacking increased serum IgE or filaggrin mutation. AD is often deteriorated before menstruation. We review the effects of sex hormones on immune responses and skin permeability barrier and propose possible hypotheses for the above phenomena. After puberty, the immune responses of patients are remarkably influenced by sex hormones. Estrogen and progesterone enhance the activities of Th2/regulatory T cell (Treg) but suppress Th1/Th17. Androgens suppress Th1/Th2/Th17 and induce Treg. The skin permeability barrier is fortified by estrogen but is impaired by progesterone and androgens. Dehydroepiandrosterone suppresses Th2 but enhances Th1. The amount of steroid sulfatase converting dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to dehydroepiandrosterone is higher in women than in men, and thus, women might be more susceptible to the influence of dehydroepiandrosterone. The balance of modulatory effects of sex hormones on immune responses and skin barrier might regulate the course of AD.
Collapse
|
39
|
Cai T, Santi R, Tamanini I, Galli IC, Perletti G, Bjerklund Johansen TE, Nesi G. Current Knowledge of the Potential Links between Inflammation and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153833. [PMID: 31390729 PMCID: PMC6696519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is inherent in prostatic diseases and it is now accepted that it may facilitate cellular proliferation in both benign and malignant conditions. The strong relationship between prostatic inflammation and pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is supported by epidemiologic, histopathologic and molecular evidence. Contrariwise, the role of inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis is still controversial, although current data indicate that the inflammatory microenvironment can regulate prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression. Knowledge of the complex molecular landscape associated with chronic inflammation in the context of PCa may lead to the introduction and optimization of novel targeted therapies. In this perspective, evaluation of the inflammatory component in prostate specimens could be included in routine pathology reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Cai
- Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Irene Tamanini
- Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Gianpaolo Perletti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, 21100 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Nesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lloyd GL, Marks JM, Ricke WA. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: What Is the Role and Significance of Inflammation? Curr Urol Rep 2019; 20:54. [PMID: 31377881 PMCID: PMC7339114 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-019-0917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the role and significance of inflammation as a putative additional factor contributing to lower urinary tract symptoms and the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. We review (1) the histologic definition of prostatic inflammation and its prevalence, (2) the effects inflammation in the prostate including on risk of acute urinary retention, and (3) the effects of systemic inflammation on the prostate and on voiding. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammation is a highly prevalent finding in the prostate, both on a histological and biochemical level. Men with inflammation have higher IPSS scores and increased prostate size; however, these differences appear to be imperceptibly small. Men with inflammation do experience a significantly increased risk of developing acute urinary retention, an event that is associated with significant morbidity. Recently, attempts have been made to identify more specific biochemical markers of local inflammation, and to identify regional patterns of inflamed tissue within the prostate which may be associated with higher IPSS scores, accelerated progression, and AUR. The effects of systemic inflammatory states, most notably MetS, and their role in LUTS have also been examined. Inflammation is a common finding in prostates of aging men, but its contribution to lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia progression appears to be small when considered as a clinically relevant entity. Advances in the understanding of different forms of inflammation, and their impact when experienced in different locations within the prostate, may refine this knowledge. Systemic inflammation affects voiding, including in the absence of a prostate, but again significant effects of systemic inflammation on the prostate itself are also difficult to demonstrate. Prostatic inflammation is associated with a significantly increased risk of acute urinary retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Granville L Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Hospital, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, 1700 N Wheeling Street, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Marks
- Division of Urology, UCSOM, Academic Office One Bldg., Room #5602, 12631 East 17th Ave., M/S C-319, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pigat N, Reyes-Gomez E, Boutillon F, Palea S, Barry Delongchamps N, Koch E, Goffin V. Combined Sabal and Urtica Extracts (WS ® 1541) Exert Anti-proliferative and Anti-inflammatory Effects in a Mouse Model of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:311. [PMID: 30984003 PMCID: PMC6450068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
WS® 1541 is a phytopharmaceutical drug combination containing a lipophilic extract from fruits of Sabal serrulata (WS® 1473) and an aqueous ethanolic extract from roots of Urtica dioica (WS® 1031). It is approved in several countries worldwide for the treatment of lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS) linked to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this unique combination in the treatment of BPH-related LUTS. However, its mechanisms of action in vivo remain partly uncharacterized. The aim of this study was to take advantage of a validated mouse model of BPH to better characterize its growth-inhibitory and anti-inflammatory properties. We used the probasin–prolactin (Pb-PRL) transgenic mouse model in which prostate-specific overexpression of PRL results in several features of the human disease including tissue hypertrophy, epithelial hyperplasia, increased stromal cellularity, inflammation, and LUTS. Six-month-old heterozygous Pb-PRL male mice were randomly distributed to five groups (11–12 animals/group) orally treated for 28 consecutive days with WS® 1541 (300, 600, or 900 mg/kg/day), the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride used as reference (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (olive oil 5 ml/kg/day). Administration of WS® 1541 was well tolerated and caused a dose-dependent reduction of prostate weight (vs. vehicle) that was statistically significant at the two highest doses. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in prostate cell proliferation as assessed by lower Ki-67 expression (qPCR and immunohistochemistry). In contrast, finasteride had no or only a mild effect on these parameters. The growth-inhibitory activity of WS® 1541 was accompanied by a strong anti-inflammatory effect as evidenced by the reduced infiltration of cells expressing the leukocyte common antigen CD45. In sharp contrast, finasteride significantly increased the prostate inflammatory status according to this readout. Molecular profiling (qPCR) of 23 selected pro-inflammatory genes confirmed the strong anti-inflammatory potency of WS® 1541 compared to finasteride. Since treatment of WS® 1541 did not interfere with transgene expression and activity in the prostate of Pb-PRL mice, the effects observed in this study are entirely attributable to the intrinsic pharmacological action of the drug combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Pigat
- PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Unit 1151, Inserm, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Reyes-Gomez
- Unité d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Inserm, U955 - IMRB, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UPEC, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Florence Boutillon
- PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Unit 1151, Inserm, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Barry Delongchamps
- PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Unit 1151, Inserm, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Egon Koch
- Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vincent Goffin
- PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Unit 1151, Inserm, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rastrelli G, Vignozzi L, Corona G, Maggi M. Testosterone and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Sex Med Rev 2019; 7:259-271. [PMID: 30803920 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are frequent in aging. Nonetheless, their pathogenesis is largely unknown. The androgen dependence of the first phases of prostate development have inspired the historical view that higher testosterone (T) may be involved in BPH occurrence; however, recent evidence suggests a different scenario. AIM To review the available knowledge on the pathogenesis of BPH particularly concerning the role of T and the possible connections with metabolic impairments. METHODS Relevant records were retrieved by an extensive search in Medline, including the following keywords ("testosterone"[MeSH Terms] OR "testosterone"[All Fields]) AND ("prostatic hyperplasia"[MeSH Terms] OR ("prostatic"[All Fields] AND "hyperplasia"[All Fields]) OR "prostatic hyperplasia"[All Fields] OR ("benign"[All Fields] AND "prostatic"[All Fields] AND "hyperplasia"[All Fields]) OR "benign prostatic hyperplasia"[All Fields]). There were no limitations in terms of publication date or study design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preclinical and clinical studies have been reported, with special emphasis on our contribution and interpretation. RESULTS Inflammation is a key aspect of BPH development. Along with infectious agents, prostate inflammation can be triggered by metabolic stimuli, such as dyslipidemia, an important component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Low T and hyperestrogenism frequently occur in MetS. Mounting evidence shows that low, rather than high, T and hyperestrogenism may favor prostate inflammation. Considering these data as a whole, we postulate that BPH is the result of the action of multiple factors, which reinforce their mutual detrimental effects. CONCLUSION T is not detrimental for the prostate, and treating hypogonadism could even produce relief from LUTS and limit prostatic inflammation, which generates and maintains the process leading to BPH. Rastrelli G, Vignozzi L, Corona G, et al. Testosterone and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:259-271.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rastrelli
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Azienda Usl Bologna Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Do Androgens Modulate the Pathophysiological Pathways of Inflammation? Appraising the Contemporary Evidence. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120549. [PMID: 30558178 PMCID: PMC6306858 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of testosterone in the pathophysiology of inflammation is of critical clinical importance; however, no universal mechanism(s) has been advanced to explain the complex and interwoven pathways of androgens in the attenuation of the inflammatory processes. PubMed and EMBASE searches were performed, including the following key words: "testosterone", "androgens", "inflammatory cytokines", "inflammatory biomarkers" with focus on clinical studies as well as basic scientific studies in human and animal models. Significant benefits of testosterone therapy in ameliorating or attenuating the symptoms of several chronic inflammatory diseases were reported. Because anti⁻tumor necrosis factor therapy is the mainstay for the treatment of moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease; including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and because testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men with chronic inflammatory conditions reduce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6, we suggest that testosterone therapy attenuates the inflammatory process and reduces the burden of disease by mechanisms inhibiting inflammatory cytokine expression and function. Mechanistically, androgens regulate the expression and function of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP (C-reactive protein). Here, we suggest that testosterone regulates multiple and overlapping cellular and molecular pathways involving a host of immune cells and biochemical factors that converge to contribute to attenuation of the inflammatory process.
Collapse
|
44
|
Solomon ZJ, Mirabal JR, Mazur DJ, Kohn TP, Lipshultz LI, Pastuszak AW. Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators: Current Knowledge and Clinical Applications. Sex Med Rev 2018; 7:84-94. [PMID: 30503797 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) differentially bind to androgen receptors depending on each SARM's chemical structure. As a result, SARMs result in anabolic cellular activity while avoiding many of the side effects of currently available anabolic steroids. SARMs have been studied in the treatment of breast cancer and cachexia and have also been used as performance-enhancing agents. Here, we evaluate and summarize the current literature on SARMs. AIM To present the background, mechanisms, current and potential clinical applications, as well as risks and benefits of SARMs. METHODS A literature review was performed in MEDLINE using the terms selective androgen receptor modulator, hypogonadism, cachexia, breast cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, libido, and lean muscle mass. Both basic research and clinical studies were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE To complete a review of peer-reviewed literature. RESULTS Although there are currently no U.S. Food and Drug Agency-approved indications for SARMs, investigators are exploring the potential uses for these compounds. Basic research has focused on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these agents, demonstrating good availability with a paucity of drug interactions. Early clinical studies have demonstrated potential uses for SARMs in the treatment of cancer-related cachexia, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), hypogonadism, and breast cancer, with positive results. CONCLUSION SARMs have numerous possible clinical applications, with promise for the safe use in the treatment of cachexia, BPH, hypogonadism, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Solomon ZJ, Mirabal JR, Mazur DJ, et al. Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators: Current Knowledge and Clinical Applications. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:84-94.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Taylor P Kohn
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Larry I Lipshultz
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Urology Associates, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alexander W Pastuszak
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
de la Taille A, Descazeaud A, Robert G. [How to prevent LUTS due to BPH development and progression]. Prog Urol 2018; 28:821-829. [PMID: 30262262 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to define potential risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHOD A non-systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted from the PubMed database to extract the most relevant scientific publications between 2000 and July 2018 and cross them with the recommendations of the AFU and the EA by combining the keywords HBP with diet, diet, physical activity, spa treatments, tobacco, alcohol, cardiovascular risk factors, testosterone or inflammation. A synthesis has been proposed in order to identify the important elements to proscribe or modify in order to limit the development and progression of LUTS/BPH. RESULTS LUTS due to BPH are clearly associated with erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Some reversible risk factors have been identified such as low physical activity, overweight and hypercaloric nutrition. Interventions such as increased physical activity, weight-loss, and a diet including vegetables, tomatoes, carrots, vitamin E, lycopene, selenium, carotene, correction of the metabolic syndrome, stress reduction, and a suitable urinary behavior may impact progression of the disease. CONCLUSION Education of the patients on reversible risk factors for LUTS due to BPH is crucial and should be included in everyday practice. Physical activity and weight-loss are the most important factors to take into account. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5 consensus d'experts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A de la Taille
- Service de chirurgie urologique, CHU Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - A Descazeaud
- Service d'urologie, CHU de Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - G Robert
- Service d'urologie, CHU de Bordeaux, 30000 Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
De Nunzio C, Presicce F, Tubaro A. Inflammatory mediators in the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Nat Rev Urol 2018; 13:613-26. [PMID: 27686153 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urological disease in elderly men. Epidemiological data suggest a causal link between this condition and prostatic inflammation. The prostate is an immune-competent organ characterized by the presence of a complex immune system. Several stimuli, including infectious agents, urinary reflux, metabolic syndrome, the ageing process, and autoimmune response, have been described as triggers for the dysregulation of the prostatic immune system via different molecular pathways involving the development of inflammatory infiltrates. From a pathophysiological standpoint, subsequent tissue damage and chronic tissue healing could result in the development of BPH nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo De Nunzio
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Presicce
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grzesiak K, Rył A, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Rotter I, Dołęgowska B, Słojewski M, Sipak-Szmigiel O, Ratajczak W, Lubkowska A, Metryka E, Piasecka M, Laszczyńska M. Comparison between selected hormone and protein levels in serum and prostate tissue homogenates in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia and metabolic disorders. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:1375-1382. [PMID: 30122909 PMCID: PMC6080669 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s168146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between changes in the levels of selected hormones in serum and prostate tissue homogenate in regard to metabolic disorders in patients with diagnosed, surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients and methods The study involved a group of 154 men with a diagnosis of BPH with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and without MetS. The serum levels of the hormones – total testosterone, free testosterone, insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) – were determined using the ELISA method. Prostate tissue sections obtained from the patients during transurethral resection of the prostate were frozen in liquid nitrogen. We determined the levels of the same hormones. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of serum SHBG levels, but not in the prostate tissue SHBG levels. A similar relationship was observed in regard to IGF-1, the serum levels of which were significantly higher in patients with MetS. MetS had an effect on the ratio of hormone levels in serum to their levels in the prostate tissue. Correlations between the levels of biochemical parameters and the levels of hormones in serum and the prostate tissue of BPH patients with and without MetS demonstrate that serum SHBG levels correlated weakly with waist size and triglyceride levels. Conclusion The occurrence of MetS in BPH patients was associated with changes in the levels of hormones and proteins. These changes, however, were not always equivalent to changes in the levels of these parameters in prostate tissue. It should also be mentioned that MetS in BPH patients had an influence on a quantitative balance between the levels of SHBG in serum and prostate tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grzesiak
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland,
| | | | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland,
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Słojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Olimpia Sipak-Szmigiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Weronika Ratajczak
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Emilia Metryka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Piasecka
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sheng J, Yang Y, Cui Y, He S, Wang L, Liu L, He Q, Lv T, Han W, Yu W, Hu S, Jin J. M2 macrophage-mediated interleukin-4 signalling induces myofibroblast phenotype during the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:755. [PMID: 29988032 PMCID: PMC6037751 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive disease in elderly men, but potential factors accelerating its progression remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors affecting BPH progression by understanding the complex mechanisms causing early- progressed BPH, which progresses rapidly and requires surgical intervention before the age of 50. Three groups of human prostate tissue samples, from patients with early-progressed BPH, age-matched prostate and elderly BPH tissues, were collected (n = 25 each). We compared these tissues to determine the histologic features and molecular mechanisms underlying BPH progression. We found that early-progressed BPH samples were characterised by aberrant stromal hyper-proliferation, collagen deposition and increased M2 macrophage infiltration, compared to those from age-matched prostate and elderly BPH tissues. The M2 macrophage–fibroblast co-culture system demonstrated that the myofibroblast phenotypes were strongly induced only in fibroblasts from the early-progressed BPH samples, while the co-cultured M2 macrophages expressed high levels of pro-fibrotic cytokines, such as IL4 and TGFβ1. M2 macrophage-derived IL4, but not TGFβ1, selectively induced the myofibroblast phenotype through the JAK/STAT6, PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signalling pathways in the early-progressed BPH prostate fibroblasts. Taken together, our results indicate that induction of the myofibroblast phenotype may lead to BPH progression through M2 macrophage-mediated IL4 signalling, and that IL4 may represent a potential therapeutic target, allowing the prevention of M2 macrophage activation and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Sheng
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.,Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shiming He
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Tianjing Lv
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wenke Han
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Traish AM, Johansen V. Impact of Testosterone Deficiency and Testosterone Therapy on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men with Metabolic Syndrome. World J Mens Health 2018; 36:199-222. [PMID: 30079638 PMCID: PMC6119850 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract function is modulated by neural, vascular and urethral and bladder structural elements. The pathophysiological mechanisms of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) encompass prostate enlargement, alterations in urethra histological structure bladder fibrosis and alterations in pelvic neuronal and vascular networks, The complex pathophysiological relationship between testosterone (T) deficiency (TD) and the constellations LUTS, and metabolic dysfunction manifested in the metabolic syndrome (Met S) remains poorly understood. TD has emerged as one the potential targets by which Met S may contribute to the onset and development as well as worsening of LUTS. Because it has been recognized that treatment of men with Met S with T therapy ameliorates Met S components, it is postulated that T therapy may represent a therapeutic target in improving LUTS. Furthermore, the effect of TD on the prostate remains unclear, and often debatable. It is believed that T exclusively promotes prostate growth, however recent evidence has strongly contradicted this belief. The true relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia, TD, and LUTS remains elusive and further research will be required to clarify the role of T in both benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and LUTS as a whole. Although there is conflicting evidence about the benefits of T therapy in men with BPH and LUTS, the current body of literature supports the safety of using this therapy in men with enlarged prostate. As the population afflicted with obesity epidemic continues to age, the number of men suffering from Met S and LUTS together is expected to increase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmaged M Traish
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vanessa Johansen
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cioni B, Zwart W, Bergman AM. Androgen receptor moonlighting in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R331-R349. [PMID: 29618577 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is vital for the normal development of the prostate and is critically involved in prostate cancer (PCa). AR is not only found in epithelial prostate cells but is also expressed in various cells in the PCa-associated stroma, which constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the TME, AR is expressed in fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils. AR expression in the TME was shown to be decreased in higher-grade and metastatic PCa, suggesting that stromal AR plays a protective role against PCa progression. With that, the functionality of AR in stromal cells appears to deviate from the receptor's classical function as described in PCa cells. However, the biological action of AR in these cells and its effect on cancer progression remains to be fully understood. Here, we systematically review the pathological, genomic and biological literature on AR actions in various subsets of prostate stromal cells and aim to better understand the consequences of AR signaling in the TME in relation to PCa development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Cioni
- Division of OncogenomicsThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Zwart
- Division of OncogenomicsThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A M Bergman
- Division of OncogenomicsThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Medical OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|