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Leow SS, Khoo JS, Ng SM, Lee WK, Hoh CC, Fairus S, Sambanthamurthi R, Hayes KC. Insulin and circadian rhythm genes of the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) are conserved and orthologous to those in the rat, mouse and human. Genetica 2024; 152:11-29. [PMID: 38099985 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-023-00202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The African grass or Nile rat (NR) (Arvicanthis niloticus) is a herbivorous diurnal rodent which is used as a biological model for research on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the circadian rhythm. Similar to humans, male NRs develop T2DM with high-carbohydrate diets. The NR thus provides a unique opportunity to identify the nutritional and underlying genetic factors that characterise human T2DM, as well as the effects of potential anti-diabetic phytochemicals such as Water-Soluble Palm Fruit Extract. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) could help identify possible genetic causes why NRs spontaneously develop T2DM in captivity. In this study, we performed WGS on a hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sample isolated from a male NR using PacBio high-fidelity long-read sequencing. The WGS data obtained were then de novo assembled and annotated using PacBio HiFi isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) data as well as previous Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data. Genes related to insulin and circadian rhythm pathways were present in the NR genome, similar to orthologues in the rat, mouse and human genomes. T2DM development in the NR is thus most likely not attributable to structural differences in these genes when compared to other biological models. Further studies are warranted to gain additional insights on the genetic-environmental factors which underlie the genetic permissiveness of NRs to develop T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Sen Leow
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jia-Shiun Khoo
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siuk-Mun Ng
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Kang Lee
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Choong Hoh
- Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syed Fairus
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Level 20, West Wing, MATRADE Tower, Jalan Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Off Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K C Hayes
- Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
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2
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Nutritional strategies for intervention of diabetes and improvement of β-cell function. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232518. [PMID: 36714968 PMCID: PMC9939408 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, especially Type 2 diabetes (T2D), is caused by multiple factors including genetics, diets, and lifestyles. Diabetes is a chronic condition and is among the top 10 causes of death globally. Nutritional intervention is one of the most important and effective strategies for T2D management. It is well known that most of intervention strategies can lower blood glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. However, the regulation of pancreatic β cells by dietary intervention is not well characterized. In this review, we summarized some of the commonly used nutritional methods for diabetes intervention. We then discussed the effects and the underlying mechanisms of nutritional intervention in improving the cell mass and function of pancreatic islet β cells. With emerging intervention strategies and in-depth investigation, we are expecting to have a better understanding about the effectiveness of dietary interventions in ameliorating T2D in the future.
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3
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Toh H, Yang C, Formenti G, Raja K, Yan L, Tracey A, Chow W, Howe K, Bergeron LA, Zhang G, Haase B, Mountcastle J, Fedrigo O, Fogg J, Kirilenko B, Munegowda C, Hiller M, Jain A, Kihara D, Rhie A, Phillippy AM, Swanson SA, Jiang P, Clegg DO, Jarvis ED, Thomson JA, Stewart R, Chaisson MJP, Bukhman YV. A haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the Nile rat facilitates exploration of the genetic basis of diabetes. BMC Biol 2022; 20:245. [DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Nile rat (Avicanthis niloticus) is an important animal model because of its robust diurnal rhythm, a cone-rich retina, and a propensity to develop diet-induced diabetes without chemical or genetic modifications. A closer similarity to humans in these aspects, compared to the widely used Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus models, holds the promise of better translation of research findings to the clinic.
Results
We report a 2.5 Gb, chromosome-level reference genome assembly with fully resolved parental haplotypes, generated with the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP). The assembly is highly contiguous, with contig N50 of 11.1 Mb, scaffold N50 of 83 Mb, and 95.2% of the sequence assigned to chromosomes. We used a novel workflow to identify 3613 segmental duplications and quantify duplicated genes. Comparative analyses revealed unique genomic features of the Nile rat, including some that affect genes associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunctions. We discuss 14 genes that are heterozygous in the Nile rat or highly diverged from the house mouse.
Conclusions
Our findings reflect the exceptional level of genomic resolution present in this assembly, which will greatly expand the potential of the Nile rat as a model organism.
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Hossain MJ, Kendig MD, Letton ME, Morris MJ, Arnold R. Peripheral Neuropathy Phenotyping in Rat Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluating Uptake of the Neurodiab Guidelines and Identifying Future Directions. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:198-221. [PMID: 35385634 PMCID: PMC8987683 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects over half of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with an urgent need for effective pharmacotherapies. While many rat and mouse models of T2DM exist, the phenotyping of DPN has been challenging with inconsistencies across laboratories. To better characterize DPN in rodents, a consensus guideline was published in 2014 to accelerate the translation of preclinical findings. Here we review DPN phenotyping in rat models of T2DM against the 'Neurodiab' criteria to identify uptake of the guidelines and discuss how DPN phenotypes differ between models and according to diabetes duration and sex. A search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases identified 125 studies, categorised as either diet and/or chemically induced models or transgenic/spontaneous models of T2DM. The use of diet and chemically induced T2DM models has exceeded that of transgenic models in recent years, and the introduction of the Neurodiab guidelines has not appreciably increased the number of studies assessing all key DPN endpoints. Combined high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin rat models are the most frequently used and well characterised. Overall, we recommend adherence to Neurodiab guidelines for creating better animal models of DPN to accelerate translation and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakir Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael D. Kendig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meg E. Letton
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ria Arnold
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Exercise and Rehabilitation, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Corresponding author: Ria Arnold https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-6587 Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia E-mail:
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5
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Kalwat MA, Scheuner D, Rodrigues-dos-Santos K, Eizirik DL, Cobb MH. The Pancreatic ß-cell Response to Secretory Demands and Adaption to Stress. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab173. [PMID: 34407177 PMCID: PMC8459449 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells dedicate much of their protein translation capacity to producing insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. In response to increased secretory demand, β cells can compensate by increasing insulin production capability even in the face of protracted peripheral insulin resistance. The ability to amplify insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia is a critical facet of β-cell function, and the exact mechanisms by which this occurs have been studied for decades. To adapt to the constant and fast-changing demands for insulin production, β cells use the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum. Failure of these compensatory mechanisms contributes to both type 1 and 2 diabetes. Additionally, studies in which β cells are "rested" by reducing endogenous insulin demand have shown promise as a therapeutic strategy that could be applied more broadly. Here, we review recent findings in β cells pertaining to the metabolic amplifying pathway, the unfolded protein response, and potential advances in therapeutics based on β-cell rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kalwat
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Donalyn Scheuner
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Decio L Eizirik
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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6
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Alam M, Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Torres M, Larkin D, Kappler J, Jin N, Arvan P. Predisposition to Proinsulin Misfolding as a Genetic Risk to Diet-Induced Diabetes. Diabetes 2021; 70:2580-2594. [PMID: 34462258 PMCID: PMC8564407 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, proinsulin has exhibited significant sequence variation in both C-peptide and insulin moieties. As the proinsulin coding sequence evolves, the gene product continues to be under selection pressure both for ultimate insulin bioactivity and for the ability of proinsulin to be folded for export through the secretory pathway of pancreatic β-cells. The substitution proinsulin-R(B22)E is known to yield a bioactive insulin, although R(B22)Q has been reported as a mutation that falls within the spectrum of mutant INS-gene-induced diabetes of youth. Here, we have studied mice expressing heterozygous (or homozygous) proinsulin-R(B22)E knocked into the Ins2 locus. Neither females nor males bearing the heterozygous mutation developed diabetes at any age examined, but subtle evidence of increased proinsulin misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum is demonstrable in isolated islets from the heterozygotes. Moreover, males have indications of glucose intolerance, and within a few weeks of exposure to a high-fat diet, they developed frank diabetes. Diabetes was more severe in homozygotes, and the development of disease paralleled a progressive heterogeneity of β-cells with increasing fractions of proinsulin-rich/insulin-poor cells as well as glucagon-positive cells. Evidently, subthreshold predisposition to proinsulin misfolding can go undetected but provides genetic susceptibility to diet-induced β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof Alam
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dennis Larkin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - John Kappler
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Niyun Jin
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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7
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Metformin Preserves β-Cell Compensation in Insulin Secretion and Mass Expansion in Prediabetic Nile Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010421. [PMID: 33401592 PMCID: PMC7794750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is a high-risk condition for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pancreatic β-cells adapt to impaired glucose regulation in prediabetes by increasing insulin secretion and β-cell mass expansion. In people with prediabetes, metformin has been shown to prevent prediabetes conversion to diabetes. However, emerging evidence indicates that metformin has negative effects on β-cell function and survival. Our previous study established the Nile rat (NR) as a model for prediabetes, recapitulating characteristics of human β-cell compensation in function and mass expansion. In this study, we investigated the action of metformin on β-cells in vivo and in vitro. A 7-week metformin treatment improved glucose tolerance by reducing hepatic glucose output and enhancing insulin secretion. Although high-dose metformin inhibited β-cell glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro, stimulation of β-cell insulin secretion was preserved in metformin-treated NRs via an indirect mechanism. Moreover, β-cells in NRs receiving metformin exhibited increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones and alleviated apoptotic unfold protein response (UPR) without changes in the expression of cell identity genes. Additionally, metformin did not suppress β-cell mass compensation or proliferation. Taken together, despite the conflicting role indicated by in vitro studies, administration of metformin does not exert a negative effect on β-cell function or cell mass and, instead, early metformin treatment may help protect β-cells from exhaustion and decompensation.
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8
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Maternal High-Fiber Diet Protects Offspring against Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010094. [PMID: 33396680 PMCID: PMC7823372 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that maternal malnutrition is linked to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Although several diabetic risk factors associated with early-life environment have been identified, protective factors remain elusive. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study with 671 Nile rats whereby we examined the interplay between early-life environment (maternal diet) and later-life environment (offspring diet) using opposing diets that induce or prevent diet-induced diabetes. Specifically, we modulated the early-life environment throughout oogenesis, pregnancy, and nursing by feeding Nile rat dams a lifelong high-fiber diet to investigate whether the offspring are protected from type 2 diabetes. We found that exposure to a high-fiber maternal diet prior to weaning significantly lowered the risk of diet-induced diabetes in the offspring. Interestingly, offspring consuming a high-fiber diet after weaning did not develop diet-induced diabetes, even when exposed to a diabetogenic maternal diet. Here, we provide the first evidence that the protective effect of a high-fiber diet can be transmitted to the offspring through the maternal diet, which has important implications in diabetes prevention.
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Makrecka‐Kuka M, Liepinsh E, Murray AJ, Lemieux H, Dambrova M, Tepp K, Puurand M, Käämbre T, Han WH, Goede P, O'Brien KA, Turan B, Tuncay E, Olgar Y, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Boardman NT, Wüst RCI, Larsen TS. Altered mitochondrial metabolism in the insulin-resistant heart. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13430. [PMID: 31840389 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus can ultimately result in various complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this case, cardiac dysfunction is characterized by metabolic disturbances such as impaired glucose oxidation and an increased reliance on fatty acid (FA) oxidation. Mitochondrial dysfunction has often been associated with the altered metabolic function in the diabetic heart, and may result from FA-induced lipotoxicity and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we address the metabolic changes in the diabetic heart, focusing on the loss of metabolic flexibility and cardiac mitochondrial function. We consider the alterations observed in mitochondrial substrate utilization, bioenergetics and dynamics, and highlight new areas of research which may improve our understanding of the cause and effect of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes. Finally, we explore how lifestyle (nutrition and exercise) and pharmacological interventions can prevent and treat metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Department of Medicine Faculty Saint‐Jean, Women and Children's Health Research Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | | | - Kersti Tepp
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Tuuli Käämbre
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Woo H. Han
- Faculty Saint‐Jean University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Paul Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Katie A. O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Belma Turan
- Laboratory of Endocrinology Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics Faculty of Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics Faculty of Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Neoma T. Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group Department of Medical Biology UiT the Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway
| | - Rob C. I. Wüst
- Laboratory for Myology Department of Human Movement Sciences Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Amsterdam Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Terje S. Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group Department of Medical Biology UiT the Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway
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10
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Schneider J, Han WH, Matthew R, Sauvé Y, Lemieux H. Age and sex as confounding factors in the relationship between cardiac mitochondrial function and type 2 diabetes in the Nile Grass rat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228710. [PMID: 32084168 PMCID: PMC7034865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study revisits the role of cardiac mitochondrial adjustments during the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while considering age and sex as potential confounding factors. We used the Nile Grass rats (NRs) as the animal model. After weaning, animals were fed either a Standard Rodent Chow Diet (SRCD group) or a Mazuri Chinchilla Diet (MCD group) consisting of high-fiber and low-fat content. Both males and females in the SRCD group, exhibited increased body mass, body mass index, and plasma insulin compared to the MCD group animals. However, the females were able to preserve their fasting blood glucose throughout the age range on both diets, while the males showed significant hyperglycemia starting at 6 months in the SRCD group. In the males, a higher citrate synthase activity-a marker of mitochondrial content-was measured at 2 months in the SRCD compared to the MCD group, and this was followed by a decline with age in the SRCD group only. In contrast, females preserved their mitochondrial content throughout the age range. In the males exclusively, the complex IV capacity expressed independently of mitochondrial content varied with age in a diet-specific pattern; the capacity was elevated at 2 months in the SRCD group, and at 6 months in the MCD group. In addition, females, but not males, were able to adjust their capacity to oxidize long-chain fatty acid in accordance with the fat content of the diet. Our results show clear sexual dimorphism in the variation of mitochondrial content and oxidative phosphorylation capacity with diet and age. The SRCD not only leads to T2DM but also exacerbates age-related cardiac mitochondrial defects. These observations, specific to male NRs, might reflect deleterious dietary-induced changes on their metabolism making them more prone to the cardiovascular consequences of aging and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Schneider
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Woo Hyun Han
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Matthew
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yves Sauvé
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Weinberg RP, Koledova VV, Subramaniam A, Schneider K, Artamonova A, Sambanthamurthi R, Hayes KC, Sinskey AJ, Rha C. Palm Fruit Bioactives augment expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Nile Grass Rat basal ganglia and alter the colonic microbiome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18625. [PMID: 31819070 PMCID: PMC6901528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA. This is the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines - dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EP). Catecholamines (CA) play a key role as neurotransmitters and hormones. Aberrant levels of CA are associated with multiple medical conditions, including Parkinson's disease. Palm Fruit Bioactives (PFB) significantly increased the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain of the Nile Grass rat (NGR), a novel and potentially significant finding, unique to PFB among known botanical sources. Increases were most pronounced in the basal ganglia, including the caudate-putamen, striatum and substantia nigra. The NGR represents an animal model of diet-induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), exhibiting hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance associated with hyperphagia and accelerated postweaning weight gain induced by a high-carbohydrate diet (hiCHO). The PFB-induced increase of TH in the basal ganglia of the NGR was documented by immuno-histochemical staining (IHC). This increase in TH occurred equally in both diabetes-susceptible and diabetes-resistant NGR fed a hiCHO. PFB also stimulated growth of the colon microbiota evidenced by an increase in cecal weight and altered microbiome. The metabolites of colon microbiota, e.g. short-chain fatty acids, may influence the brain and behavior significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Weinberg
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
- Biomaterials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
| | - Vera V Koledova
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | | | - Kirsten Schneider
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Anastasia Artamonova
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K C Hayes
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - Anthony J Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - ChoKyun Rha
- Biomaterials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
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12
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Toh H, Smolentsev A, Bozadjian RV, Keeley PW, Lockwood MD, Sadjadi R, Clegg DO, Blodi BA, Coffey PJ, Reese BE, Thomson JA. Vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy-a longitudinal study in the Nile rat. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1547-1560. [PMID: 31101854 PMCID: PMC6788790 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and is a major cause of blindness, but an understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease has been hampered by a lack of accurate animal models. Here, we explore the dynamics of retinal cellular changes in the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus), a carbohydrate-sensitive model for type 2 diabetes. The early retinal changes in diabetic Nile rats included increased acellular capillaries and loss of pericytes that correlated linearly with the duration of diabetes. These vascular changes occurred in the presence of microglial infiltration but in the absence of retinal ganglion cell loss. After a prolonged duration of diabetes, the Nile rat also exhibits a spectrum of retinal lesions commonly seen in the human condition including vascular leakage, capillary non-perfusion, and neovascularization. Our longitudinal study documents a range and progression of retinal lesions in the diabetic Nile rat remarkably similar to those observed in human diabetic retinopathy, and suggests that this model will be valuable in identifying new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishi Toh
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Alexander Smolentsev
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Rachel V. Bozadjian
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Patrick W. Keeley
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Madison D. Lockwood
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Ryan Sadjadi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Dennis O. Clegg
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Barbara A. Blodi
- University of Wisconsin Fundus Photograph Reading Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter J. Coffey
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK,The London Project to Cure Blindness, ORBIT, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Benjamin E. Reese
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - James A. Thomson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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13
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Subramaniam A, Landstrom M, Hayes KC. Genetic Permissiveness and Dietary Glycemic Load Interact to Predict Type-II Diabetes in the Nile rat ( Arvicanthis niloticus). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071538. [PMID: 31284621 PMCID: PMC6683243 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) is a superior model for Type-II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) induced by diets with a high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GLoad). To better define the age and gender attributes of diabetes in early stages of progression, weanling rats were fed a high carbohydrate (hiCHO) diet for between 2 to 10 weeks. Methods: Data from four experiments compared two diabetogenic semipurified diets (Diet 133 (60:20:20, as % energy from CHO, fat, protein with a high glycemic load (GLoad) of 224 per 2000 kcal) versus Diets 73 MBS or 73 MB (70:10:20 with or without sucrose and higher GLoads of 259 or 295, respectively). An epidemiological technique was used to stratify the diabetes into quintiles of blood glucose (Q1 to Q5), after 2–10 weeks of dietary induction in 654 rats. The related metagenetic physiological growth and metabolic outcomes were related to the degree of diabetes based on fasting blood glucose (FBG), random blood glucose (RBG), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 30 min and 60 min. Results: Experiment 1 (Diet 73MBS) demonstrated that the diabetes begins aggressively in weanlings during the first 2 weeks of a hiCHO challenge, linking genetic permissiveness to diabetes susceptibility or resistance from an early age. In Experiment 2, ninety male Nile rats fed Diet 133 (60:20:20) for 10 weeks identified two quintiles of resistant rats (Q1,Q2) that lowered their RBG between 6 weeks and 10 weeks on diet, whereas Q3–Q5 became progressively more diabetic, suggesting an ongoing struggle for control over glucose metabolism, which either stabilized or not, depending on genetic permissiveness. Experiment 3 (32 males fed 70:10:20) and Experiment 4 (30 females fed 60:20:20) lasted 8 weeks and 3 weeks respectively, for gender and time comparisons. The most telling link between a quintile rank and diabetes risk was telegraphed by energy intake (kcal/day) that established the cumulative GLoad per rat for the entire trial, which was apparent from the first week of feeding. This genetic permissiveness associated with hyperphagia across quintiles was maintained throughout the study and was mirrored in body weight gain without appreciable differences in feed efficiency. This suggests that appetite and greater growth rate linked to a fiber-free high GLoad diet were the dominant factors driving the diabetes. Male rats fed the highest GLoad diet (Diet 73MB 70:10:20, GLoad 295 per 2000 kcal for 8 weeks in Experiment 3], ate more calories and developed diabetes even more aggressively, again emphasizing the Cumulative GLoad as a primary stressor for expressing the genetic permissiveness underlying the diabetes. Conclusion: Thus, the Nile rat model, unlike other rodents but similar to humans, represents a superior model for high GLoad, low-fiber diets that induce diabetes from an early age in a manner similar to the dietary paradigm underlying T2DM in humans, most likely originating in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K C Hayes
- Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
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14
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Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Pottekat A, Pamenan F, Kim S, Zeltser LM, Paton AW, Paton JC, Tsai B, Itkin-Ansari P, Kaufman RJ, Liu M, Arvan P. Proinsulin misfolding is an early event in the progression to type 2 diabetes. eLife 2019; 8:44532. [PMID: 31184302 PMCID: PMC6559786 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of insulin – critical to metabolic homeostasis – begins with folding of the proinsulin precursor, including formation of three evolutionarily conserved intramolecular disulfide bonds. Remarkably, normal pancreatic islets contain a subset of proinsulin molecules bearing at least one free cysteine thiol. In human (or rodent) islets with a perturbed endoplasmic reticulum folding environment, non-native proinsulin enters intermolecular disulfide-linked complexes. In genetically obese mice with otherwise wild-type islets, disulfide-linked complexes of proinsulin are more abundant, and leptin receptor-deficient mice, the further increase of such complexes tracks with the onset of islet insulin deficiency and diabetes. Proinsulin-Cys(B19) and Cys(A20) are necessary and sufficient for the formation of proinsulin disulfide-linked complexes; indeed, proinsulin Cys(B19)-Cys(B19) covalent homodimers resist reductive dissociation, highlighting a structural basis for aberrant proinsulin complex formation. We conclude that increased proinsulin misfolding via disulfide-linked complexes is an early event associated with prediabetes that worsens with ß-cell dysfunction in type two diabetes. Our body fine-tunes the amount of sugar in our blood thanks to specialized ‘beta cells’ in the pancreas, which can release a hormone called insulin. To produce insulin, the beta cells first need to build an early version of the molecule – known as proinsulin – inside a cellular compartment called the endoplasmic reticulum. This process involves the formation of internal staples that keep the molecule of proinsulin folded correctly. Individuals developing type 2 diabetes have spikes of sugar in their blood, and so their bodies often respond by trying to make large amounts of insulin. After a while, the beta cells can fail to keep up, which brings on the full-blown disease. However, scientists have discovered that early in type 2 diabetes, the endoplasmic reticulum of beta cells can already show signs of stress; yet, the exact causes of this early damage are still unknown. To investigate this, Arunagiri et al. looked into whether proinsulin folds correctly during the earliest stages of type 2 diabetes. Biochemical experiments showed that even healthy beta cells contained some misfolded proinsulin molecules, where the molecular staples that should fold proinsulin internally were instead abnormally linking proinsulin molecules together. Further work revealed that the misfolded proinsulin was accumulating inside the endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, obese mice that were in the earliest stages of type 2 diabetes had the highest levels of abnormal proinsulin in their beta cells. Overall, the work by Arunagiri et al. suggests that large amounts of proinsulin molecules stapling themselves to each other in the endoplasmic reticulum of beta cells could be an early hallmark of the disease, and could make it get worse. A separate study by Jang et al. also shows that a protein that limits the misfolding of proinsulin is key to maintain successful insulin production in animals eating a Western-style, high fat diet. Hundreds of millions of people around the world have type 2 diabetes, and this number is rising quickly. Detecting and then fixing early problems associated with the condition may help to stop the disease in its track.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Anita Pottekat
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Fawnnie Pamenan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Lori M Zeltser
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Pamela Itkin-Ansari
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
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15
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Huang H, Yang K, Wang R, Han WH, Kuny S, Zelmanovitz PH, Sauvé Y, Chan CB. β-Cell compensation concomitant with adaptive endoplasmic reticulum stress and β-cell neogenesis in a diet-induced type 2 diabetes model. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1355-1366. [PMID: 31082326 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells adapt to obesity-related insulin resistance via increases in insulin secretion and β-cell mass. Failed β-cell compensation predicts the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanisms of β-cell compensation are not fully understood. Our previous study reported changes in β-cell mass during the progression of T2D in the Nile rat (NR; Arvicanthis niloticus) fed standard chow. In the present study, we measured other β-cell adaptive responses, including glucose metabolism and β-cell insulin secretion in NRs at different ages, thus characterizing NR at 2 months as a model of β-cell compensation followed by decompensation at 6 months. We observed increased proinsulin secretion in the transition from compensation to decompensation, which is indicative of impaired insulin processing. Subsequently, we compared adaptive unfolded protein response in β-cells and demonstrated a positive role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones in insulin secretion. In addition, the incidence of insulin-positive neogenic but not proliferative cells increased during the compensation phase, suggesting nonproliferative β-cell growth as a mechanism of β-cell mass adaptation. In contrast, decreased neogenesis and β-cell dedifferentiation were observed in β-cell dysfunction. Furthermore, the progression of T2D and pathophysiological changes of β-cells were prevented by increasing fibre content of the diet. Novelty Our study characterized a novel model for β-cell compensation with adaptive responses in cell function and mass. The temporal association of adaptive ER chaperones with blood insulin and glucose suggests upregulated chaperone capacity as an adaptive mechanism. β-Cell neogenesis but not proliferation contributes to β-cell mass adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Rennian Wang
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Woo Hyun Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada
| | - Sharee Kuny
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Yves Sauvé
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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16
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Mateus Gonçalves L, Vettorazzi JF, Vanzela EC, Figueiredo MS, Batista TM, Zoppi CC, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM. Amino acid restriction increases β-cell death under challenging conditions. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16679-16684. [PMID: 30815898 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition programs metabolism, favor dysfunction of β cells. We aimed to establish an in vitro protocol of malnutrition, assessing the effect of amino acid restriction upon the β cells. Insulin-producing cells INS-1E and pancreatic islets were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium containing 1× (Ctl) or 0.25× (AaR) of amino acids. We evaluated several markers of β-cell function and viability. AaR Insulin secretion was reduced, whereas cell viability was unaltered. Calcium oscillations in response to glucose increased in AaR. AaR showed lower Ins1 RNAm, snap 25, and PKC (protein kinase C) protein content, whereas phospho-eIF2α was increased. AaR cells exposed to nutrient or chemical challenges displayed higher apoptosis rates. We showed that amino acid restriction programmed β cell and induced functional changes. This model might be useful for the study of molecular mechanisms involved with β-cell programming helping to establish novel therapeutic targets to prevent harmful outcomes of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mateus Gonçalves
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerielle Cristine Vanzela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sarto Figueiredo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Martins Batista
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Cesar Zoppi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Sánchez M, Romero M, Gómez-Guzmán M, Tamargo J, Pérez-Vizcaino F, Duarte J. Cardiovascular Effects of Flavonoids. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6991-7034. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181220094721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
:
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the major cause of death worldwide, especially in Western
society. Flavonoids are a large group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants, present
in a considerable amount in fruit and vegetable. Several epidemiological studies found an inverse association
between flavonoids intake and mortality by CVD. The antioxidant effect of flavonoids was
considered the main mechanism of action of flavonoids and other polyphenols. In recent years, the role
of modulation of signaling pathways by direct interaction of flavonoids with multiple protein targets,
namely kinases, has been increasingly recognized and involved in their cardiovascular protective effect.
There are strong evidence, in in vitro and animal experimental models, that some flavonoids induce
vasodilator effects, improve endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance, exert platelet antiaggregant
and atheroprotective effects, and reduce blood pressure. Despite interacting with multiple targets, flavonoids
are surprisingly safe. This article reviews the recent evidence about cardiovascular effects that
support a beneficial role of flavonoids on CVD and the potential molecular targets involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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18
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Cardiovascular sexual dimorphism in a diet-induced type 2 diabetes rodent model, the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208987. [PMID: 30589871 PMCID: PMC6307866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) is an emerging laboratory model of type 2 diabetes. When fed standard rodent chow, the majority of males progress from hyperinsulinemia by 2 months to hyperglycemia by 6 months, while most females remain at the hyperinsulinemia-only stage (prediabetic) from 2 months onward. Since diabetic cardiomyopathy is the major cause of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related mortality, we examined whether sexual dimorphism might entail cardiac functional changes. Our ultimate goal was to isolate the effect of diet as a modifiable lifestyle factor. Materials and methods Nile rats were fed either standard rodent chow (Chow group) or a high-fiber diet previously established to prevent type 2 diabetes (Fiber group). Cardiac function was determined with echocardiography at 12 months of age. To isolate the effect of diet alone, only the small subset of animals resistant to both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia were included in this study. Results In males, Chow (compared to Fiber) was associated with elevated heart rate and mitral E/A velocity ratio, and with lower e’-wave velocity, isovolumetric relaxation time, and ejection time. Of note, these clinically atypical types of diastolic dysfunction occurred independently of body weight. In contrast, females did not exhibit changes in cardiovascular function between diets. Conclusions The higher prevalence of T2DM in males correlates with their susceptibility to develop subtle diastolic cardiac dysfunction when fed a Western style diet (throughout most of their lifespan) despite no systemic evidence of metabolic syndrome, let alone T2DM.
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19
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Liu M, Weiss MA, Arunagiri A, Yong J, Rege N, Sun J, Haataja L, Kaufman RJ, Arvan P. Biosynthesis, structure, and folding of the insulin precursor protein. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 2:28-50. [PMID: 30230185 PMCID: PMC6463291 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin synthesis in pancreatic β-cells is initiated as preproinsulin. Prevailing glucose concentrations, which oscillate pre- and postprandially, exert major dynamic variation in preproinsulin biosynthesis. Accompanying upregulated translation of the insulin precursor includes elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation apparatus linked to successful orientation of the signal peptide, translocation and signal peptide cleavage of preproinsulin-all of which are necessary to initiate the pathway of proper proinsulin folding. Evolutionary pressures on the primary structure of proinsulin itself have preserved the efficiency of folding ("foldability"), and remarkably, these evolutionary pressures are distinct from those protecting the ultimate biological activity of insulin. Proinsulin foldability is manifest in the ER, in which the local environment is designed to assist in the overall load of proinsulin folding and to favour its disulphide bond formation (while limiting misfolding), all of which is closely tuned to ER stress response pathways that have complex (beneficial, as well as potentially damaging) effects on pancreatic β-cells. Proinsulin misfolding may occur as a consequence of exuberant proinsulin biosynthetic load in the ER, proinsulin coding sequence mutations, or genetic predispositions that lead to an altered ER folding environment. Proinsulin misfolding is a phenotype that is very much linked to deficient insulin production and diabetes, as is seen in a variety of contexts: rodent models bearing proinsulin-misfolding mutants, human patients with Mutant INS-gene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY), animal models and human patients bearing mutations in critical ER resident proteins, and, quite possibly, in more common variety type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 300052
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Michael A. Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202 IN USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case-Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44016 OH USA
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Jing Yong
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307 USA
| | - Nischay Rege
- Department of Biochemistry, Case-Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44016 OH USA
| | - Jinhong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 300052
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307 USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
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20
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Singh J, Yousuf MS, Jones KE, Shelemey PTM, Joy T, Macandili H, Kerr BJ, Zochodne DW, Sauvé Y, Ballanyi K, Webber CA. Characterization of the Nile Grass Rat as a Unique Model for Type 2 Diabetic Polyneuropathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:469-478. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Twinkle Joy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haecy Macandili
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Yves Sauvé
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
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21
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Subramaniam A, Landstrom M, Luu A, Hayes KC. The Nile Rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) as a Superior Carbohydrate-Sensitive Model for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020235. [PMID: 29463026 PMCID: PMC5852811 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease involving complex genetic and environmental interactions. No single animal model has so far mirrored all the characteristics or complications of diabetes in humans. Since this disease represents a chronic nutritional insult based on a diet bearing a high glycemic load, the ideal model should recapitulate the underlying dietary issues. Most rodent models have three shortcomings: (1) they are genetically or chemically modified to produce diabetes; (2) unlike humans, most require high-fat feeding; (3) and they take too long to develop diabetes. By contrast, Nile rats develop diabetes rapidly (8-10 weeks) with high-carbohydrate (hiCHO) diets, similar to humans, and are protected by high fat (with low glycemic load) intake. This review describes diabetes progression in the Nile rat, including various aspects of breeding, feeding, and handling for best experimental outcomes. The diabetes is characterized by a striking genetic permissiveness influencing hyperphagia and hyperinsulinemia; random blood glucose is the best index of disease progression; and kidney failure with chronic morbidity and death are outcomes, all of which mimic uncontrolled T2DM in humans. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also described in diabetic humans, results from hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation associated with rising blood glucose. Protection is afforded by low glycemic load diets rich in certain fibers or polyphenols. Accordingly, the Nile rat provides a unique opportunity to identify the nutritional factors and underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that characterize human T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Luu
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
| | - K C Hayes
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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22
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Differential expression of genes identified by suppression subtractive hybridization in liver and adipose tissue of gerbils with diabetes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191212. [PMID: 29394254 PMCID: PMC5796689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed at identifying genes related to hereditary type 2 diabetes expressed in the liver and the adipose tissue of spontaneous diabetic gerbils using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) screening. Methods Two gerbil littermates, one with high and the other with normal blood glucose level, from our previously bred spontaneous diabetic gerbil strain were used in this study. To identify differentially expressed genes in the liver and the adipose tissue, mRNA from these tissues was extracted and SSH libraries were constructed for screening. After sequencing and BLAST analyzing, up or down-regulated genes possibly involved in metabolism and diabetes were selected, and their expression levels in diabetic gerbils and normal controls were analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results A total of 4 SSH libraries were prepared from the liver and the adipose tissue of gerbils. There are 95 up or down-regulated genes were identified to be involved in metabolism, oxidoreduction, RNA binding, cell proliferation, and differentiation or other function. Expression of 17 genes most possibly associated with diabetes was analyzed and seven genes (Sardh, Slc39a7, Pfn1, Arg1, Cth, Sod1 and P4hb) in the liver and one gene (Fabp4) in the adipose tissue were identified that were significantly differentially expressed between diabetic gerbils and control animals. Conclusions We identified eight genes associated with type 2 diabetes from the liver and the adipose tissue of gerbils via SSH screening. These findings provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetes and imply the value of our spontaneous diabetic gerbil strain as a diabetes model.
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Newkirk KM, Ehrensing G, Odoi A, Boston RC, Frank N. Immunohistochemical expression of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in pancreatic islets of horses with and without insulin resistance. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:191-198. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Guo P, Zhou Q, Ren L, Chen Y, Hui Y. Higher parity is associated with increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in women: A linear dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:58-66. [PMID: 28340964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study is to investigate the association between higher parity and the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women and to quantify the potential dose-response relation. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, and EMBASE electronic databases for related cohort studies up to March 10th, 2016. Summary rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2DM with at least 3 categories of exposure were eligible. A random-effects dose-response analysis procedure was used to study the relations between them. RESULTS After screening a total of 13,647 published studies, only 7 cohort studies (9,394 incident cases and 286,840 female participants) were found to be eligible for this meta-analysis. In the category analysis, the pooled RR for the highest number of parity vs. the lowest one was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.17-1.72, I2=71.5%, Pheterogeneity=0.002, Power=0.99). In the dose-response analysis, a noticeable linear dose-risk relation was found between parity and T2DM (Pfor nonlinearity test=0.942). For every live birth increase in parity, the combined RR was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02-1.09, I2=84.3%, Pheterogeneity=0.003, Power=0.99). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. No publication bias was found in the results. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that higher parity and the risk of T2DM show a linear relationship in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China.
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Science and Education, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Hunan, 415003, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yue Hui
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 442000, China.
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