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Caré O, Chano V, Erley M, Rogge M, Gailing O. Circadian rhythm and redox homeostasis candidate genes showed association with shallow elevation in Norway spruce. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:508-520. [PMID: 38568928 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of genetic variation underlying local adaptation in natural populations, together with the response to different external stimuli, is currently a hot topic in forest sciences, with the aim of identifying genetic markers controlling key phenotypic traits of interest for their inclusion in restoration and breeding programs. In Europe, one of the main tree species is Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.). Using the MassARRAY® platform, 568 trees from North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) were genotyped with 94 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to circadian and growth rhythms, and to stress response. The association analysis of the selected markers with health status and elevation was performed using three different methods, and those identified by at least two of these were considered as high confidence associated SNPs. While just five markers showed a weak association with health condition, 32 SNPs were correlated with elevation, six of which were considered as high confidence associated SNPs, as indicated by at least two different association methods. Among these genes, thioredoxin and pseudo response regulator 1 (PRR1) are involved in redox homeostasis and ROS detoxification, APETALA2-like 3 (AP2L3), a transcription factor, is involved in seasonal apical growth, and a RPS2-like is a disease resistance gene. The function of some of these genes in controlling light-dependent reactions and metabolic processes suggests signatures of adaptation to local photoperiod and the synchronization of the circadian rhythm. This work provides new insights into the genetic basis of local adaptation over a shallow elevation gradient in Norway spruce.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Caré
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - V Chano
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Erley
- Landesbetrieb Wald und Holz Nordrhein-Westfalen, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - M Rogge
- Landesbetrieb Wald und Holz Nordrhein-Westfalen, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - O Gailing
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Lo T, Coombe L, Gagalova KK, Marr A, Warren RL, Kirk H, Pandoh P, Zhao Y, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Ritland C, Pavy N, Jones SJM, Bohlmann J, Bousquet J, Birol I, Thomson A. Assembly and annotation of the black spruce genome provide insights on spruce phylogeny and evolution of stress response. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 14:jkad247. [PMID: 37875130 PMCID: PMC10755193 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) is a dominant conifer species in the North American boreal forest that plays important ecological and economic roles. Here, we present the first genome assembly of P. mariana with a reconstructed genome size of 18.3 Gbp and NG50 scaffold length of 36.0 kbp. A total of 66,332 protein-coding sequences were predicted in silico and annotated based on sequence homology. We analyzed the evolutionary relationships between P. mariana and 5 other spruces for which complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences were available. The phylogenetic tree estimated from mitochondrial genome sequences agrees with biogeography; specifically, P. mariana was strongly supported as a sister lineage to P. glauca and 3 other taxa found in western North America, followed by the European Picea abies. We obtained mixed topologies with weaker statistical support in phylogenetic trees estimated from nuclear and chloroplast genome sequences, indicative of ancient reticulate evolution affecting these 2 genomes. Clustering of protein-coding sequences from the 6 Picea taxa and 2 Pinus species resulted in 34,776 orthogroups, 560 of which appeared to be specific to P. mariana. Analysis of these specific orthogroups and dN/dS analysis of positive selection signatures for 497 single-copy orthogroups identified gene functions mostly related to plant development and stress response. The P. mariana genome assembly and annotation provides a valuable resource for forest genetics research and applications in this broadly distributed species, especially in relation to climate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Lo
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Lauren Coombe
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Kristina K Gagalova
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Alex Marr
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - René L Warren
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Heather Kirk
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Pawan Pandoh
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Carol Ritland
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Pavy
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Inanç Birol
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Ashley Thomson
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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van Mantgem PJ, Milano ER, Dudney J, Nesmith JCB, Vandergast AG, Zald HSJ. Growth, drought response, and climate-associated genomic structure in whitebark pine in the Sierra Nevada of California. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10072. [PMID: 37206686 PMCID: PMC10191741 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) has experienced rapid population declines and is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in the United States. Whitebark pine in the Sierra Nevada of California represents the southernmost end of the species' distribution and, like other portions of its range, faces threats from an introduced pathogen, native bark beetles, and a rapidly warming climate. Beyond these chronic stressors, there is also concern about how this species will respond to acute stressors, such as drought. We present patterns of stem growth from 766 large (average diameter at breast height >25 cm), disease-free whitebark pine across the Sierra Nevada before and during a recent period of drought. We contextualize growth patterns using population genomic diversity and structure from a subset of 327 trees. Sampled whitebark pine generally had positive to neutral stem growth trends from 1970 to 2011, which was positively correlated with minimum temperature and precipitation. Indices of stem growth during drought years (2012 to 2015) relative to a predrought interval were mostly positive to neutral at our sampled sites. Individual tree growth response phenotypes appeared to be linked to genotypic variation in climate-associated loci, suggesting that some genotypes can take better advantage of local climatic conditions than others. We speculate that reduced snowpack during the 2012 to 2015 drought years may have lengthened the growing season while retaining sufficient moisture to maintain growth at most study sites. Growth responses may differ under future warming, however, particularly if drought severity increases and modifies interactions with pests and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth R. Milano
- U.S. Geological SurveyWestern Ecological Research CenterSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
USDA Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research StationMoscowIdahoUSA
| | - Joan Dudney
- Environmental Studies ProgramUC Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & ManagementUC BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Amy G. Vandergast
- U.S. Geological SurveyWestern Ecological Research CenterSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Harold S. J. Zald
- USDA Forest ServicePacific Northwest Research StationCorvallisOregonUSA
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Cobo-Simón I, Gómez-Garrido J, Esteve-Codina A, Dabad M, Alioto T, Maloof JN, Méndez-Cea B, Seco JI, Linares JC, Gallego FJ. De novo transcriptome sequencing and gene co-expression reveal a genomic basis for drought sensitivity and evidence of a rapid local adaptation on Atlas cedar ( Cedrus atlantica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116863. [PMID: 37152146 PMCID: PMC10155838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the adaptive capacity to current climate change of drought-sensitive tree species is mandatory, given their limited prospect of migration and adaptation as long-lived, sessile organisms. Knowledge about the molecular and eco-physiological mechanisms that control drought resilience is thus key, since water shortage appears as one of the main abiotic factors threatening forests ecosystems. However, our current background is scarce, especially in conifers, due to their huge and complex genomes. Methods Here we investigated the eco-physiological and transcriptomic basis of drought response of the climate change-threatened conifer Cedrus atlantica. We studied C. atlantica seedlings from two locations with contrasting drought conditions to investigate a local adaptation. Seedlings were subjected to experimental drought conditions, and were monitored at immediate (24 hours) and extended (20 days) times. In addition, post-drought recovery was investigated, depicting two contrasting responses in both locations (drought resilient and non-resilient). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also studied to characterize the genomic basis of drought resilience and investigate a rapid local adaptation of C. atlantica. Results De novo transcriptome assembly was performed for the first time in this species, providing differences in gene expression between the immediate and extended treatments, as well as among the post-drought recovery phenotypes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed a regulation of stomatal closing and photosynthetic activity during the immediate drought, consistent with an isohydric dynamic. During the extended drought, growth and flavonoid biosynthesis inhibition mechanisms prevailed, probably to increase root-to-shoot ratio and to limit the energy-intensive biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Drought sensitive individuals failed in metabolism and photosynthesis regulation under drought stress, and in limiting secondary metabolite production. Moreover, genomic differences (SNPs) were found between drought resilient and sensitive seedlings, and between the two studied locations, which were mostly related to transposable elements. Discussion This work provides novel insights into the transcriptomic basis of drought response of C. atlantica, a set of candidate genes mechanistically involved in its drought sensitivity and evidence of a rapid local adaptation. Our results may help guide conservation programs for this threatened conifer, contribute to advance drought-resilience research and shed light on trees' adaptive potential to current climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cobo-Simón
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems. University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Genetics Unit. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Irene Cobo-Simón,
| | - Jèssica Gómez-Garrido
- Nacional Center for Genomic Analysis-Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- Nacional Center for Genomic Analysis-Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Dabad
- Nacional Center for Genomic Analysis-Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tyler Alioto
- Nacional Center for Genomic Analysis-Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julin N. Maloof
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Belén Méndez-Cea
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Genetics Unit. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Seco
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems. University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Linares
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems. University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gallego
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Genetics Unit. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Krutovsky KV. Dendrogenomics Is a New Interdisciplinary Field of Research of the Adaptive Genetic Potential of Forest Tree Populations Integrating Dendrochronology, Dendroecology, Dendroclimatology, and Genomics. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zacharias M, Pampuch T, Dauphin B, Opgenoorth L, Roland C, Schnittler M, Wilmking M, Bog M, Heer K. Genetic basis of growth reaction to drought stress differs in contrasting high-latitude treeline ecotones of a widespread conifer. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5165-5181. [PMID: 35951000 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought events in many boreal forests. Trees are sessile organisms with a long generation time, which makes them vulnerable to fast climate change and hinders fast adaptations. Therefore, it is important to know how forests cope with drought stress and to explore the genetic basis of these reactions. We investigated three natural populations of white spruce (Picea glauca) in Alaska, located at one drought-limited and two cold-limited treelines with a paired plot design of one forest and one treeline plot. We obtained individual increment cores from 458 trees and climate data to assess dendrophenotypes, in particular the growth reaction to drought stress. To explore the genetic basis of these dendrophenotypes, we genotyped the individual trees at 3000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes and performed genotype-phenotype association analysis using linear mixed models and Bayesian sparse linear mixed models. Growth reaction to drought stress differed in contrasting treeline populations. Therefore, the populations are likely to be unevenly affected by climate change. We identified 40 genes associated with dendrophenotypic traits that differed among the treeline populations. Most genes were identified in the drought-limited site, indicating comparatively strong selection pressure of drought-tolerant phenotypes. Contrasting patterns of drought-associated genes among sampled sites and in comparison to Canadian populations in a previous study suggest that drought adaptation acts on a local scale. Our results highlight genes that are associated with wood traits which in turn are critical for the establishment and persistence of future forests under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Zacharias
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timo Pampuch
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carl Roland
- Denali National Park and Preserve, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Martin Schnittler
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Bog
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Heer
- Forest Genetics, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Hejtmánek J, Stejskal J, Čepl J, Lhotáková Z, Korecký J, Krejzková A, Dvořák J, Gezan SA. Revealing the Complex Relationship Among Hyperspectral Reflectance, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Growth in Norway Spruce Ecotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:721064. [PMID: 35712586 PMCID: PMC9197180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.721064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce has a wide natural distribution range, harboring substantial physiological and genetic variation. There are three altitudinal ecotypes described in this species. Each ecotype has been shaped by natural selection and retains morphological and physiological characteristics. Foliar spectral reflectance is readily used in evaluating the physiological status of crops and forest ecosystems. However, underlying genetics of foliar spectral reflectance and pigment content in forest trees has rarely been investigated. We assessed the reflectance in a clonal bank comprising three ecotypes in two dates covering different vegetation season conditions. Significant seasonal differences in spectral reflectance among Norway spruce ecotypes were manifested in a wide-ranging reflectance spectrum. We estimated significant heritable variation and uncovered phenotypic and genetic correlations among growth and physiological traits through bivariate linear models utilizing spatial corrections. We confirmed the relative importance of the red edge within the context of the study site's ecotypic variation. When interpreting these findings, growth traits such as height, diameter, crown length, and crown height allowed us to estimate variable correlations across the reflectance spectrum, peaking in most cases in wavelengths connected to water content in plant tissues. Finally, significant differences among ecotypes in reflectance and other correlated traits were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hejtmánek
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Stejskal
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Čepl
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Lhotáková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Korecký
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Krejzková
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Dvořák
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Cappa EP, Klutsch JG, Sebastian-Azcona J, Ratcliffe B, Wei X, Da Ros L, Liu Y, Chen C, Benowicz A, Sadoway S, Mansfield SD, Erbilgin N, Thomas BR, El-Kassaby YA. Integrating genomic information and productivity and climate-adaptability traits into a regional white spruce breeding program. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264549. [PMID: 35298481 PMCID: PMC8929621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree improvement programs often focus on improving productivity-related traits; however, under present climate change scenarios, climate change-related (adaptive) traits should also be incorporated into such programs. Therefore, quantifying the genetic variation and correlations among productivity and adaptability traits, and the importance of genotype by environment interactions, including defense compounds involved in biotic and abiotic resistance, is essential for selecting parents for the production of resilient and sustainable forests. Here, we estimated quantitative genetic parameters for 15 growth, wood quality, drought resilience, and monoterpene traits for Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce). We sampled 1,540 trees from three open-pollinated progeny trials, genotyped with 467,224 SNP markers using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). We used the pedigree and SNP information to calculate, respectively, the average numerator and genomic relationship matrices, and univariate and multivariate individual-tree models to obtain estimates of (co)variance components. With few site-specific exceptions, all traits examined were under genetic control. Overall, higher heritability estimates were derived from the genomic- than their counterpart pedigree-based relationship matrix. Selection for height, generally, improved diameter and water use efficiency, but decreased wood density, microfibril angle, and drought resistance. Genome-based correlations between traits reaffirmed the pedigree-based correlations for most trait pairs. High and positive genetic correlations between sites were observed (average 0.68), except for those pairs involving the highest elevation, warmer, and moister site, specifically for growth and microfibril angle. These results illustrate the advantage of using genomic information jointly with productivity and adaptability traits, and defense compounds to enhance tree breeding selection for changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P. Cappa
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer G. Klutsch
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Blaise Ratcliffe
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Wei
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Letitia Da Ros
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Andy Benowicz
- Forest Stewardship and Trade Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shane Sadoway
- Blue Ridge Lumber Inc., West Fraser Mills Ltd, Blue Ridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nadir Erbilgin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Barb R. Thomas
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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De La Torre AR, Sekhwal MK, Puiu D, Salzberg SL, Scott AD, Allen B, Neale DB, Chin ARO, Buckley TN. Genome-wide association identifies candidate genes for drought tolerance in coast redwood and giant sequoia. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:7-22. [PMID: 34800071 PMCID: PMC10773529 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major limitation for survival and growth in plants. With more frequent and severe drought episodes occurring due to climate change, it is imperative to understand the genomic and physiological basis of drought tolerance to be able to predict how species will respond in the future. In this study, univariate and multitrait multivariate genome-wide association study methods were used to identify candidate genes in two iconic and ecosystem-dominating species of the western USA, coast redwood and giant sequoia, using 10 drought-related physiological and anatomical traits and genome-wide sequence-capture single nucleotide polymorphisms. Population-level phenotypic variation was found in carbon isotope discrimination, osmotic pressure at full turgor, xylem hydraulic diameter, and total area of transporting fibers in both species. Our study identified new 78 new marker × trait associations in coast redwood and six in giant sequoia, with genes involved in a range of metabolic, stress, and signaling pathways, among other functions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the genomic basis of drought tolerance in long-generation conifers and helps guide current and future conservation efforts in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. De La Torre
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 200 E. Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Manoj K. Sekhwal
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 200 E. Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Daniela Puiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Computer Science and Biostatistics & Center for Computational Biology, John Hopkins University, 3100 Wyman Park Dr, Wyman Park Building, Room S220, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Steven L. Salzberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Computer Science and Biostatistics & Center for Computational Biology, John Hopkins University, 3100 Wyman Park Dr, Wyman Park Building, Room S220, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Alison D. Scott
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian Allen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David B. Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alana R. O. Chin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas N. Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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10
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Genetic diversity of Norway spruce ecotypes assessed by GBS-derived SNPs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23119. [PMID: 34848793 PMCID: PMC8632914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the genetic structure of three phenotypically distinct ecotypic groups of Norway spruce (Picea abies) belonging to three elevational classes; namely, low- (acuminata), medium- (europaea), and high-elevation (obovata) form, each represented by 150 trees. After rigorous filtering, we used 1916 Genotyping-by-Sequencing generated SNPs for analysis. Outputs from three multivariate analysis methods (Bayesian clustering algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE, Principal Component Analysis, and the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components) indicated the presence of a distinct genetic cluster representing the high-elevation ecotypic group. Our findings bring a vital message to forestry practice affirming that artificial transfer of forest reproductive material, especially for stands under harsh climate conditions, should be considered with caution.
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11
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Hájíčková M, Plichta R, Urban J, Volařík D, Gebauer R. Low resistance but high resilience to drought of flushing Norway spruce seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1848-1860. [PMID: 33822237 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spring drought episodes are becoming more frequent and intensive in European temperate forests. To study tree resilience to spring drought, Norway spruce seedlings were exposed to three levels of drought stress (well-watered (W), moderately stressed (M) and severely stressed (S)) for 42 days and then fully irrigated for 14 days. Drought strongly reduced gas exchange parameters for both M and S seedlings. After 42 days, stomatal conductance was lower by 83 and 97% in M and S, respectively, than in W seedlings. Respiration prevailed over photosynthesis in S seedlings at the end of the drought period. Drought mostly reduced longitudinal growth, especially in shoots and needles. Xylem growth reduction was caused mainly by a lower number of newly produced tracheids, not by changes in their size. Norway spruce seedlings showed good resilience to spring drought, as the observed physiological parameters started to recover after rewatering and seedlings started to sprout and form new tracheids. In M seedlings, all physiological traits recovered to the level of W seedlings during the 14-day irrigation period but the recovery took longer in S seedlings. Shoots and needles did not regrow in length but leaf mass per area increased during the recovery phase. To conclude, Norway spruce seedlings showed good resilience to spring single-drought event, but time necessary to full recovery from stress could make seedlings more vulnerable to recurrent drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hájíčková
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyy Ave, 82A, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
| | - Daniel Volařík
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Gebauer
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Martínez-Sancho E, Rellstab C, Guillaume F, Bigler C, Fonti P, Wohlgemuth T, Vitasse Y. Post-glacial re-colonization and natural selection have shaped growth responses of silver fir across Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146393. [PMID: 34030256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Warmer climate and more frequent extreme droughts will pose major threats to forest ecosystems. Past demography processes due to post-glacial recolonization and adaptation to local environmental conditions are among the main contributors to genetic differentiation processes among provenances. Assessing the intra-specific variability of tree growth responses to such changes is crucial to explore a species' potential to cope with climate warming. We combined growth-related traits derived from tree-ring width series with neutral genetic information of 18 European provenances of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) growing in two common garden experiments in Switzerland. Analyses based on neutral single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that the studied provenances grouped into three longitudinal clusters. These three genetic clusters showed differences in growth traits (height and DBH), with the provenances from the eastern cluster exhibiting the highest growth. The Pyrenees cluster showed significantly lower recovery and resilience to the extreme drought of 2003 as well as lower values of growth autocorrelation. QST-FST and correlation analyses with climate of provenance origin suggest that the differences among provenances found in some traits result from natural selection. Our study suggests that the last post-glacial re-colonization and natural selection are the major drivers explaining the intra-specific variability in growth of silver fir across Europe. These findings highlight the importance of combining dendroecology and genetic analyses on fitness-related traits to assess the potential of a species to cope with global environmental change and provide insights to support assisted gene flow to ensure the persistence of the species in European forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Rellstab
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wohlgemuth
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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13
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Haas JC, Vergara A, Serrano AR, Mishra S, Hurry V, Street NR. Candidate regulators and target genes of drought stress in needles and roots of Norway spruce. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1230-1246. [PMID: 33416078 PMCID: PMC8271197 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress impacts seedling establishment, survival and whole-plant productivity. Molecular responses to drought stress have been most extensively studied in herbaceous species, mostly considering only aboveground tissues. Coniferous tree species dominate boreal forests, which are predicted to be exposed to more frequent and acute drought as a result of ongoing climate change. The associated impact at all stages of the forest tree life cycle is expected to have large-scale ecological and economic impacts. However, the molecular response to drought has not been comprehensively profiled for coniferous species. We assayed the physiological and transcriptional response of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst seedling needles and roots after exposure to mild and severe drought. Shoots and needles showed an extensive reversible plasticity for physiological measures indicative of drought-response mechanisms, including changes in stomatal conductance (gs), shoot water potential and abscisic acid (ABA). In both tissues, the most commonly observed expression profiles in response to drought were highly correlated with the ABA levels. Still, root and needle transcriptional responses contrasted, with extensive root-specific down-regulation of growth. Comparison between previously characterized Arabidopsis thaliana L. drought-response genes and P. abies revealed both conservation and divergence of transcriptional response to drought. In P. abies, transcription factors belonging to the ABA responsive element(ABRE) binding/ABRE binding factors ABA-dependent pathway had a more limited role. These results highlight the importance of profiling both above- and belowground tissues, and provide a comprehensive framework to advance the understanding of the drought response of P. abies. The results demonstrate that a short-term, severe drought induces severe physiological responses coupled to extensive transcriptome modulation and highlight the susceptibility of Norway spruce seedlings to such drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Haas
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexander Vergara
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alonso R Serrano
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sanatkumar Mishra
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nathaniel R Street
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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14
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George J, Schueler S, Grabner M, Karanitsch‐Ackerl S, Mayer K, Stierschneider M, Weissenbacher L, van Loo M. Looking for the needle in a downsized haystack: Whole-exome sequencing unravels genomic signals of climatic adaptation in Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8238-8253. [PMID: 34188883 PMCID: PMC8216971 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conifers often occur along steep gradients of diverse climates throughout their natural ranges, which is expected to result in spatially varying selection to local climate conditions. However, signals of climatic adaptation can often be confounded, because unraveled clines covary with signals caused by neutral evolutionary processes such as gene flow and genetic drift. Consequently, our understanding of how selection and gene flow have shaped phenotypic and genotypic differentiation in trees is still limited.A 40-year-old common garden experiment comprising 16 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) provenances from a north-to-south gradient of approx. 1,000 km was analyzed, and genomic information was obtained from exome capture, which resulted in an initial genomic dataset of >90,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used a restrictive and conservative filtering approach, which permitted us to include only SNPs and individuals in environmental association analysis (EAA) that were free of potentially confounding effects (LD, relatedness among trees, heterozygosity deficiency, and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions). We used four conceptually different genome scan methods based on FST outlier detection and gene-environment association in order to disentangle truly adaptive SNPs from neutral SNPs.We found that a relatively small proportion of the exome showed a truly adaptive signal (0.01%-0.17%) when population substructuring and multiple testing was accounted for. Nevertheless, the unraveled SNP candidates showed significant relationships with climate at provenance origins, which strongly suggests that they have featured adaptation in Douglas-fir along a climatic gradient. Two SNPs were independently found by three of the employed algorithms, and one of them is in close proximity to an annotated gene involved in circadian clock control and photoperiodism as was similarly found in Populus balsamifera. Synthesis. We conclude that despite neutral evolutionary processes, phenotypic and genomic signals of adaptation to climate are responsible for differentiation, which in particular explain disparity between the well-known coastal and interior varieties of Douglas-fir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Peter George
- Faculty of Science & TechnologyTartu ObservatoryUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Department of Forest Growth, Silviculture and Genetics/Unit of provenance research and breedingAustrian Research Centre for ForestsViennaAustria
| | - Silvio Schueler
- Department of Forest Growth, Silviculture and GeneticsAustrian Research Centre for ForestsViennaAustria
| | - Michael Grabner
- Institute of Wood Science and TechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)TullnAustria
| | - Sandra Karanitsch‐Ackerl
- Institute of Wood Science and TechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)TullnAustria
| | - Konrad Mayer
- Institute of Wood Science and TechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)TullnAustria
| | | | - Lambert Weissenbacher
- Department of Forest Growth, Silviculture and Genetics/Unit of provenance research and breedingAustrian Research Centre for ForestsViennaAustria
| | - Marcela van Loo
- Department of Forest Growth, Silviculture and Genetics/Unit of provenance research and breedingAustrian Research Centre for ForestsViennaAustria
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15
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Matallana-Ramirez LP, Whetten RW, Sanchez GM, Payn KG. Breeding for Climate Change Resilience: A Case Study of Loblolly Pine ( Pinus taeda L.) in North America. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:606908. [PMID: 33995428 PMCID: PMC8119900 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.606908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Earth's atmosphere is warming and the effects of climate change are becoming evident. A key observation is that both the average levels and the variability of temperature and precipitation are changing. Information and data from new technologies are developing in parallel to provide multidisciplinary opportunities to address and overcome the consequences of these changes in forest ecosystems. Changes in temperature and water availability impose multidimensional environmental constraints that trigger changes from the molecular to the forest stand level. These can represent a threat for the normal development of the tree from early seedling recruitment to adulthood both through direct mortality, and by increasing susceptibility to pathogens, insect attack, and fire damage. This review summarizes the strengths and shortcomings of previous work in the areas of genetic variation related to cold and drought stress in forest species with particular emphasis on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), the most-planted tree species in North America. We describe and discuss the implementation of management and breeding strategies to increase resilience and adaptation, and discuss how new technologies in the areas of engineering and genomics are shaping the future of phenotype-genotype studies. Lessons learned from the study of species important in intensively-managed forest ecosystems may also prove to be of value in helping less-intensively managed forest ecosystems adapt to climate change, thereby increasing the sustainability and resilience of forestlands for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian P. Matallana-Ramirez
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ross W. Whetten
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Georgina M. Sanchez
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kitt G. Payn
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, United States
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16
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Depardieu C, Gérardi S, Nadeau S, Parent GJ, Mackay J, Lenz P, Lamothe M, Girardin MP, Bousquet J, Isabel N. Connecting tree-ring phenotypes, genetic associations and transcriptomics to decipher the genomic architecture of drought adaptation in a widespread conifer. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3898-3917. [PMID: 33586257 PMCID: PMC8451828 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As boreal forests face significant threats from climate change, understanding evolutionary trajectories of coniferous species has become fundamental to adapting management and conservation to a drying climate. We examined the genomic architecture underlying adaptive variation related to drought tolerance in 43 populations of a widespread boreal conifer, white spruce (Piceaglauca [Moench] Voss), by combining genotype–environment associations, genotype–phenotype associations, and transcriptomics. Adaptive genetic variation was identified by correlating allele frequencies for 6,153 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 2,606 candidate genes with temperature, precipitation and aridity gradients, and testing for significant associations between genotypes and 11 dendrometric and drought‐related traits (i.e., anatomical, growth response and climate‐sensitivity traits) using a polygenic model. We identified a set of 285 genes significantly associated with a climatic factor or a phenotypic trait, including 110 that were differentially expressed in response to drought under greenhouse‐controlled conditions. The interlinked phenotype–genotype–environment network revealed eight high‐confidence genes involved in white spruce adaptation to drought, of which four were drought‐responsive in the expression analysis. Our findings represent a significant step toward the characterization of the genomic basis of drought tolerance and adaptation to climate in conifers, which is essential to enable the establishment of resilient forests in view of new climate conditions. see also the Perspective by Lars Opgenoorth and Christian Rellstab
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Depardieu
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Centre for Forest ResearchDépartement des sciences du bois et de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry CenterQuébecQCCanada
| | - Sébastien Gérardi
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Centre for Forest ResearchDépartement des sciences du bois et de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Simon Nadeau
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceCanadian Wood Fibre CenterQuébecQCCanada
| | - Geneviève J. Parent
- Laboratory of GenomicsMaurice‐Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans CanadaMont‐JoliQCCanada
| | - John Mackay
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Patrick Lenz
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceCanadian Wood Fibre CenterQuébecQCCanada
| | - Manuel Lamothe
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry CenterQuébecQCCanada
| | - Martin P. Girardin
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry CenterQuébecQCCanada
- Centre for Forest ResearchUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Centre for Forest ResearchDépartement des sciences du bois et de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Centre for Forest ResearchDépartement des sciences du bois et de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry CenterQuébecQCCanada
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17
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Schueler S, George JP, Karanitsch-Ackerl S, Mayer K, Klumpp RT, Grabner M. Evolvability of Drought Response in Four Native and Non-native Conifers: Opportunities for Forest and Genetic Resource Management in Europe. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:648312. [PMID: 34305960 PMCID: PMC8295755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.648312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific genetic variation in drought response is expected to play an important role in determining the persistence of tree populations in global change as it (1) allows for spontaneous selection and local adaptation of tree populations, (2) supports assisted seed transfer of less-drought-sensitive provenance, and (3) enables the integration of drought-sensitivity traits into tree breeding. Estimating the potential of such adaptation options requires quantitative genetic knowledge of drought sensitivity across significant parts of species distributions and a comparative assessment of genetic variation within economically and ecologically important tree species. We quantified genetic variation within and among populations of four conifers growing within common garden experiments in the drought-prone eastern Austria. This region experienced three strong drought periods between 1980 and 2010 that resulted in significant reductions in radial growth. Among the four tested species, Douglas-fir revealed the highest resistance during drought and silver fir the best recovery after drought, while European larch and Norway spruce showed the lowest resistance. High genetic variation among populations and phenotypic stability across all three drought events was found for Norway spruce and silver fir, but not for the other species. Heritability and evolvability of drought traits, both approximated via genetic repeatability, revealed strong differences among populations of all four species. Repeatability and evolvability for resistance were highest in Norway spruce and, for recovery, highest in European larch. Our comparison indicates that the mean drought sensitivity of a species is not related to the intraspecific genetic variation in drought response. Thus, also highly drought-sensitive species, such as Norway spruce and European larch, harbor significant genetic variation in drought response within and among populations to justify targeted tree breeding, assisted gene flow, and supportive forest management to foster local adaptations to future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Schueler
- Department of Forest Growth, Silviculture and Genetics, Austrian Research Centre for Forests BFW, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Silvio Schueler
| | - Jan-Peter George
- Department of Forest Growth, Silviculture and Genetics, Austrian Research Centre for Forests BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Karanitsch-Ackerl
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Konrad Mayer
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Raphael Thomas Klumpp
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grabner
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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18
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Variability among Sites and Climate Models Contribute to Uncertain Spruce Growth Projections in Denmark. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Projecting trees species growth into future climate is subject to large uncertainties and it is of importance to quantify the different sources (e.g., site, climate model) to prioritize research efforts. This study quantifies and compares sites and climate model-induced uncertainties in projected Norway spruce growth from Denmark. We analyzed tree-rings from 340 Norway spruce trees sampled in 14 planted stands (1. Plantation; period 1950–1987) and additionally 36 trees from six trials in a common garden experiment (2. Common garden; period 1972–2012). Growth-climate correlations were estimated and multiple linear and nonlinear regression models relating growth with climate were tested. Tree growth was projected up to 2100 applying multiple linear or quadratic regression models based on the 15 Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The climate-growth models showed that summer drought and warm previous-year late-summer and early-autumn constrain growth. In some stands, warm springs affected growth positively. The projections of growth under future climates on average showed from no to slightly negative changes in growth compared to present growth rates. However, projections showed a very large variation, ranging from highly positive to highly negative growth changes. The uncertainties due to variation in site responses and in climate models were substantial. A lesser degree of uncertainty was related to the emission scenarios. Even though our projections on average suggest that Norway spruce may experience a growth reduction in the future, the tremendous variation in growth predictions due to differences between stands and climate models calls for further research and caution when projections are interpreted. These results also suggest that forest managers in general should avoid the use of Norway spruce on exposed and drought prone sites and as an additional resilience measure primarily use it in mixtures with other more climate tolerant species.
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19
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The dehydrins gene expression differs across ecotypes in Norway spruce and relates to weather fluctuations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20789. [PMID: 33247164 PMCID: PMC7695824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Norway spruce has a broad natural distribution range, which results in a substantial variety of its physiological and genetic variation. There are three distinct altitudinal ecotypes described in this tree species. The physiological optimum of each ecotype may be shifted due to ongoing climate change, especially in traits associated with water demand that might be crucial for adaptation. Dehydrins are proteins that help to mitigate the adverse effects of dehydration. Dehydrin gene expression patterns appeared to be a suitable marker for plant stress assessment. Genetically determined differences in response between individuals and populations were formerly studied, however, mainly in controlled conditions. We evaluated ecotypic variation in dehydrin gene expression in a clonal bank comprised of all three ecotypes. A genetic relationship among targeted trees was uncovered utilizing GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing) platform. We sampled 4-6 trees of each ecotype throughout 15 months period. Subsequently, we assessed the RNA expression of dehydrin genes by qRT-PCR. For this study, we deliberately selected dehydrins from different categories. Our findings detected significant differences among ecotypes in dehydrin expression. The association of recorded climatic variables and individual gene expression across the study period was evaluated and revealed, for certain genes, a correlation between dehydrin gene expression and precipitation, temperature, and day-length.
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20
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Buffagni V, Vurro F, Janni M, Gullì M, Keller AA, Marmiroli N. Shaping Durum Wheat for the Future: Gene Expression Analyses and Metabolites Profiling Support the Contribution of BCAT Genes to Drought Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:891. [PMID: 32719694 PMCID: PMC7350509 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change, its implications for agriculture, and the complex scenario presented by the scientific community are of worldwide concern. Drought is a major abiotic stress that can restrict plants growth and yields, thus the identification of genotypes with higher adaptability to drought stress represents one of the primary goals in breeding programs. During abiotic stress, metabolic adaptation is crucial for stress tolerance, and accumulation of specific amino acids and/or as secondary metabolites deriving from amino acid metabolism may correlate with the increased tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. This work, focused on the metabolism of branched chain-amino acids (BCAAs) in durum wheat and the role of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases (BCATs) in stress response. The role of BCATs in plant response to drought was previously proposed for Arabidopsis, where the levels of BCAAs were altered at the transcriptional level under drought conditions, triggering the onset of defense response metabolism. However, in wheat the role of BCAAs as a trigger of the onset of the drought defense response has not been elucidated. A comparative genomic approach elucidated the composition of the BCAT gene family in durum wheat. Here we demonstrate a tissue and developmental stage specificity of BCATs regulation in the drought response. Moreover, a metabolites profiling was performed on two contrasting durum wheat cultivars Colosseo and Cappelli resulting in the detection of a specific pattern of metabolites accumulated among genotypes and, in particular, in an enhanced BCAAs accumulation in the tolerant cv Cappelli further supporting a role of BCAAs in the drought defense response. The results support the use of gene expression and target metabolomic in modern breeding to shape new cultivars more resilient to a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Buffagni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Filippo Vurro
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parma, Italy
| | - Michela Janni
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parma, Italy
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo A. Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- CINSA Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences, Parma/Venice, Italy
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21
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Depardieu C, Girardin MP, Nadeau S, Lenz P, Bousquet J, Isabel N. Adaptive genetic variation to drought in a widely distributed conifer suggests a potential for increasing forest resilience in a drying climate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:427-439. [PMID: 32173867 PMCID: PMC7317761 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought intensity and frequency are increasing under global warming, with soil water availability now being a major factor limiting tree growth in circumboreal forests. Still, the adaptive capacity of trees in the face of future climatic regimes remains poorly documented. Using 1481 annually resolved tree-ring series from 29-yr-old trees, we evaluated the drought sensitivity of 43 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) populations established in a common garden experiment. We show that genetic variation among populations in response to drought plays a significant role in growth resilience. Local genetic adaptation allowed populations from drier geographical origins to grow better, as indicated by higher resilience to extreme drought events, compared with populations from more humid geographical origins. The substantial genetic variation found for growth resilience highlights the possibility of selecting for drought resilience in boreal conifers. As a major research outcome, we showed that adaptive genetic variation in response to changing local conditions can shape drought vulnerability at the intraspecific level. Our findings have wide implications for forest ecosystem management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Depardieu
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry Centre1055, rue du PEPS, PO Box 10380, Stn. Sainte‐FoyQuébecQCG1V 4C7Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCG1V 0A6Canada
| | - Martin P. Girardin
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry Centre1055, rue du PEPS, PO Box 10380, Stn. Sainte‐FoyQuébecQCG1V 4C7Canada
| | - Simon Nadeau
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceCanadian Wood Fibre Centre1055, rue du PEPS, PO Box 10380, Stn. Sainte‐FoyQuébecQCG1V 4C7Canada
| | - Patrick Lenz
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCG1V 0A6Canada
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceCanadian Wood Fibre Centre1055, rue du PEPS, PO Box 10380, Stn. Sainte‐FoyQuébecQCG1V 4C7Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCG1V 0A6Canada
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry Centre1055, rue du PEPS, PO Box 10380, Stn. Sainte‐FoyQuébecQCG1V 4C7Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Forest GenomicsInstitute for Systems and Integrative BiologyUniversité LavalQuébecQCG1V 0A6Canada
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22
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Avanzi C, Heer K, Büntgen U, Labriola M, Leonardi S, Opgenoorth L, Piermattei A, Urbinati C, Vendramin GG, Piotti A. Individual reproductive success in Norway spruce natural populations depends on growth rate, age and sensitivity to temperature. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 124:685-698. [PMID: 32203247 PMCID: PMC7239854 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the individual reproductive success and understanding its determinants is a central issue in evolutionary research for the major consequences that the transmission of genetic variation from parents to offspring has on the adaptive potential of populations. Here, we propose to distil the myriad of information embedded in tree-ring time series into a set of tree-ring-based phenotypic traits to be investigated as potential drivers of reproductive success in forest trees. By using a cross-disciplinary approach that combines parentage analysis and a thorough dendrophenotypic characterisation of putative parents, we assessed sex-specific relationships between such dendrophenotypic traits (i.e., age, growth rate and parameters describing sensitivity to climate and to extreme climatic events) and reproductive success in Norway spruce. We applied a full probability method for reconstructing parent-offspring relationships between 604 seedlings and 518 adult trees sampled within five populations from southern and central Europe. We found that individual female and male reproductive success was positively associated with tree growth rate and age. Female reproductive success was also positively influenced by the correlation between growth and the mean temperature of the previous vegetative season. Overall, our results showed that Norway spruce individuals with the highest fitness are those who are able to keep high-growth rates despite potential growth limitations caused by reproductive costs and climatic limiting conditions. Identifying such functional links between the individual ecophysiological behaviour and its evolutionary gain would increase our understanding on how natural selection shapes the genetic composition of forest tree populations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Avanzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Katrin Heer
- Conservation Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, CB2 3EN, Cambridge, UK
- Swiss Federal Research Institute, WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Czech Globe, Global Change Research Institute CAS and Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mariaceleste Labriola
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Stefano Leonardi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Swiss Federal Research Institute, WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alma Piermattei
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, CB2 3EN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo Urbinati
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Andrea Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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23
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Climate sensitivity of Cryptomeria japonica in two contrasting environments: Perspectives from QTL mapping. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228278. [PMID: 31990959 PMCID: PMC6986750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived forest tree species experience a wide range of environmental conditions throughout their lifespan. Evaluation of the underlying growth and development mechanisms of these species is essential to predict tree growth under climate change. This study investigated climate sensitivity to temperature, precipitation, dry periods, and the associated genomic regions in Cryptomeria japonica, Japan’s most commercially important tree. We used tree rings and common garden experiments with three clonal replicates planted in two contrasting environments in Kyushu (Kumamoto site) and Honshu (Chiba site), Japan. Tree growth showed a significant negative correlation with the dry period (>4 days) in March of the year of tree-ring formation at the Chiba site. In contrast, temperature and precipitation had little influence on tree growth. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed to investigate climate sensitivity to dry periods at the Chiba site, revealing 13 significant QTLs. One QTL showed a substantially large contribution to the overall climate sensitivity, accounting for 12.4% of the total phenotypic variation. The phenotypic variance explained (PVE) by other QTLs ranged from 0.9% to 2.9%, and the total PVE by all QTLs was 35.6%. These findings indicate that the tree population at the Chiba site could be vulnerable to drought in early spring and that the QTL showing the greatest impact on climate sensitivity may be closely related to genes associated with tolerance or adaptation to drought stress. The QTLs identified in this study could be useful for molecular breeding, forest management, and predicting the growth of C. japonica under a changing climate.
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24
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Martínez-Sancho E, Slámová L, Morganti S, Grefen C, Carvalho B, Dauphin B, Rellstab C, Gugerli F, Opgenoorth L, Heer K, Knutzen F, von Arx G, Valladares F, Cavers S, Fady B, Alía R, Aravanopoulos F, Avanzi C, Bagnoli F, Barbas E, Bastien C, Benavides R, Bernier F, Bodineau G, Bastias CC, Charpentier JP, Climent JM, Corréard M, Courdier F, Danusevicius D, Farsakoglou AM, Del Barrio JMG, Gilg O, González-Martínez SC, Gray A, Hartleitner C, Hurel A, Jouineau A, Kärkkäinen K, Kujala ST, Labriola M, Lascoux M, Lefebvre M, Lejeune V, Le-Provost G, Liesebach M, Malliarou E, Mariotte N, Matesanz S, Michotey C, Milesi P, Myking T, Notivol E, Pakull B, Piotti A, Plomion C, Pringarbe M, Pyhäjärvi T, Raffin A, Ramírez-Valiente JA, Ramskogler K, Robledo-Arnuncio JJ, Savolainen O, Schueler S, Semerikov V, Spanu I, Thévenet J, Mette Tollefsrud M, Turion N, Veisse D, Vendramin GG, Villar M, Westin J, Fonti P. The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe. Sci Data 2020; 7:1. [PMID: 31896794 PMCID: PMC6940356 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dataset presented here was collected by the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims to improve the use of forest genetic resources across Europe by better understanding how trees adapt to their local environment. This dataset of individual tree-core characteristics including ring-width series and whole-core wood density was collected for seven ecologically and economically important European tree species: silver birch (Betula pendula), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), European black poplar (Populus nigra), maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Tree-ring width measurements were obtained from 3600 trees in 142 populations and whole-core wood density was measured for 3098 trees in 125 populations. This dataset covers most of the geographical and climatic range occupied by the selected species. The potential use of it will be highly valuable for assessing ecological and evolutionary responses to environmental conditions as well as for model development and parameterization, to predict adaptability under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Lenka Slámová
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Morganti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Grefen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Department of Biology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Carvalho
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences MNCN-CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Dauphin
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rellstab
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Felix Gugerli
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Department of Biology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Heer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Department of Biology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Knutzen
- Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting - ASP, Forstamtsplatz 1, 83317, Teisendorf, Germany
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences MNCN-CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen Cavers
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology NERC, EH26 0QB, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Fady
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Ricardo Alía
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria - Centro de Investigación Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Filippos Aravanopoulos
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Camilla Avanzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Bagnoli
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Evangelos Barbas
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Catherine Bastien
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avenue de la Pomme de pin 2163, 45075, Orléans, France
| | - Raquel Benavides
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences MNCN-CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Bernier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), route d'Arcachon 69, 33610, Cestas, France
| | - Guillaume Bodineau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avenue de la Pomme de pin 2163, 45075, Orléans, France
| | - Cristina C Bastias
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences MNCN-CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Paul Charpentier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avenue de la Pomme de pin 2163, 45075, Orléans, France
| | - José M Climent
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria - Centro de Investigación Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marianne Corréard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Florence Courdier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France
| | | | - Anna-Maria Farsakoglou
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - José M García Del Barrio
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria - Centro de Investigación Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Gilg
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France
| | | | - Alan Gray
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology NERC, EH26 0QB, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Agathe Hurel
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), route d'Arcachon 69, 33610, Cestas, France
| | - Arnaud Jouineau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Katri Kärkkäinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, University of Oulu, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonja T Kujala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, University of Oulu, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mariaceleste Labriola
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Martin Lascoux
- Department of Ecology & Genetics, EBC, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marlène Lefebvre
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avenue de la Pomme de pin 2163, 45075, Orléans, France
| | - Vincent Lejeune
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avenue de la Pomme de pin 2163, 45075, Orléans, France
| | - Grégoire Le-Provost
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), route d'Arcachon 69, 33610, Cestas, France
| | - Mirko Liesebach
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstr. 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Ermioni Malliarou
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nicolas Mariotte
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Silvia Matesanz
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Célia Michotey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, URGI, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Pascal Milesi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tor Myking
- Division of Forestry and Forest Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Eduardo Notivol
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón - Unidad de Recursos Forestales (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Birte Pakull
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstr. 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Christophe Plomion
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), route d'Arcachon 69, 33610, Cestas, France
| | - Mehdi Pringarbe
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Tanja Pyhäjärvi
- University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Annie Raffin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), route d'Arcachon 69, 33610, Cestas, France
| | - José A Ramírez-Valiente
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria - Centro de Investigación Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan J Robledo-Arnuncio
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria - Centro de Investigación Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Outi Savolainen
- University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Silvio Schueler
- Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131, Wien, Austria
| | - Vladimir Semerikov
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural branch of RAS, 8 Marta St. 202, 620144, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ilaria Spanu
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Jean Thévenet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Mari Mette Tollefsrud
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Norbert Turion
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Dominique Veisse
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avenue de la Pomme de pin 2163, 45075, Orléans, France
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marc Villar
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avenue de la Pomme de pin 2163, 45075, Orléans, France
| | | | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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25
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Sang Z, Sebastian‐Azcona J, Hamann A, Menzel A, Hacke U. Adaptive limitations of white spruce populations to drought imply vulnerability to climate change in its western range. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1850-1860. [PMID: 31548862 PMCID: PMC6752154 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A cost-effective climate change adaptation strategy for the forestry sector is to move seed sources to more northern and higher elevation planting sites as part of ongoing reforestation programs. This is meant to match locally adapted populations with anticipated environments, but adaptive traits do not always show population differences suitable to mitigate climate change impacts. For white spruce, drought tolerance is a critical adaptive trait to prevent mortality and productivity losses. Here, we use a 40-year-old provenance experiment that has been exposed to severe drought periods in 1999 and 2002 to retrospectively investigate drought response and the adaptive capacity of white spruce populations across their boreal range. Relying on dendrochronological analysis under experimentally controlled environments, we evaluate population differences in resistance, resilience, and recovery to these extreme events. Results showed evidence for population differentiation in resistance and recovery parameters, but provenances conformed to approximately the same growth rates under drought conditions and had similar resilience metrics. The lack of populations with better growth rates under drought conditions is contrary to expectations for a wide-ranging species with distinct regional climates. Populations from the wettest environments in the northeastern boreal were surprisingly drought-tolerant, suggesting that these populations would readily resist water deficits projected for the 2080s, and supporting the view that northeastern Canada will provide a refugium for boreal species under climate change. The findings also suggest that white spruce is sensitive to growth reductions under climate change in the western boreal. The study highlights that population differentiation in adaptive capacity is species- and trait-specific, and we provide a counterexample for drought tolerance traits, where assisted migration prescriptions may be ineffective to mitigate climate change impacts. For resource managers and policy makers, we provide maps where planning for widespread declines of boreal white spruce forests may be unavoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihaohan Sang
- Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | | | - Andreas Hamann
- Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- Institute for Advanced StudyTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Uwe Hacke
- Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
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26
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Baison J, Vidalis A, Zhou L, Chen Z, Li Z, Sillanpää MJ, Bernhardsson C, Scofield D, Forsberg N, Grahn T, Olsson L, Karlsson B, Wu H, Ingvarsson PK, Lundqvist S, Niittylä T, García‐Gil MR. Genome-wide association study identified novel candidate loci affecting wood formation in Norway spruce. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:83-100. [PMID: 31166032 PMCID: PMC6852177 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce is a boreal forest tree species of significant ecological and economic importance. Hence there is a strong imperative to dissect the genetics underlying important wood quality traits in the species. We performed a functional genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 17 wood traits in Norway spruce using 178 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated from exome genotyping of 517 mother trees. The wood traits were defined using functional modelling of wood properties across annual growth rings. We applied a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO-based) association mapping method using a functional multilocus mapping approach that utilizes latent traits, with a stability selection probability method as the hypothesis testing approach to determine a significant quantitative trait locus. The analysis provided 52 significant SNPs from 39 candidate genes, including genes previously implicated in wood formation and tree growth in spruce and other species. Our study represents a multilocus GWAS for complex wood traits in Norway spruce. The results advance our understanding of the genetics influencing wood traits and identifies candidate genes for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baison
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceParallellvägen 21Umeå907 36Sweden
| | - Amaryllis Vidalis
- Section of Population Epigenetics and EpigenomicsCentre of Life and Food Sciences WeihenstephanTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr. 2aMünchen85748Germany
| | - Linghua Zhou
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceParallellvägen 21Umeå907 36Sweden
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Chen
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceParallellvägen 21Umeå907 36Sweden
| | - Zitong Li
- Ecological Genetics Research UnitDepartment of BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 65FI‐00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Mikko J. Sillanpää
- Department of Mathematical SciencesBiocenter OuluUniversity of OuluPentti Kaiteran katu 1OuluFinland
| | - Carolina Bernhardsson
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceParallellvägen 21Umeå907 36Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityLinnaeus väg 4-6Umeå907 36Sweden
| | - Douglas Scofield
- Uppsala Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Computational ScienceUppsala UniversityLägerhyddsvägen 2Uppsala752 37Sweden
| | - Nils Forsberg
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceParallellvägen 21Umeå907 36Sweden
| | - Thomas Grahn
- RISE BioeconomyDrottning Kristinas väg 61SE‐114 86StockholmSweden
| | - Lars Olsson
- RISE BioeconomyDrottning Kristinas väg 61SE‐114 86StockholmSweden
| | | | - Harry Wu
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceParallellvägen 21Umeå907 36Sweden
| | - Pär K. Ingvarsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityLinnaeus väg 4-6Umeå907 36Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Genetics: Evolutionary BiologyUppsala UniversityKåbovägen 4Uppsala752 36Sweden
| | - Sven‐Olof Lundqvist
- RISE BioeconomyDrottning Kristinas väg 61SE‐114 86StockholmSweden
- IICRosenlundsgatan 48BSE‐118 63StockholmSweden
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceParallellvägen 21Umeå907 36Sweden
| | - M Rosario García‐Gil
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceParallellvägen 21Umeå907 36Sweden
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Van Ghelder C, Parent GJ, Rigault P, Prunier J, Giguère I, Caron S, Stival Sena J, Deslauriers A, Bousquet J, Esmenjaud D, MacKay J. The large repertoire of conifer NLR resistance genes includes drought responsive and highly diversified RNLs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11614. [PMID: 31406137 PMCID: PMC6691002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRs or NBS-LRRs (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich-repeat) form the largest resistance gene family in plants, with lineage-specific contingents of TNL, CNL and RNL subfamilies and a central role in resilience to stress. The origin, evolution and distribution of NLR sequences has been unclear owing in part to the variable size and diversity of the RNL subfamily and a lack of data in Gymnosperms. We developed, searched and annotated transcriptomes assemblies of seven conifers and identified a resource of 3816 expressed NLR sequences. Our analyses encompassed sequences data spanning the major groups of land plants and determinations of NLR transcripts levels in response to drought in white spruce. We showed that conifers have among the most diverse and numerous RNLs in tested land plants. We report an evolutionary swap in the formation of RNLs, which emerged from the fusion of an RPW8 domain to a NB-ARC domain of CNL. We uncovered a quantitative relationship between RNLs and TNLs across all land plants investigated, with an average ratio of 1:10. The conifer RNL repertoire harbours four distinct groups, with two that differ from Angiosperms, one of which contained several upregulated sequences in response to drought while the majority of responsive NLRs are downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Van Ghelder
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 400 route des Chappes, BP167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France. .,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Geneviève J Parent
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.,Forest Research Centre and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, 1030 rue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Philippe Rigault
- Gydle Inc., 1135 Grande Allée Ouest Suite 220, Québec, QC, G1S 1E7, Canada.,Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Prunier
- Forest Research Centre and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, 1030 rue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Isabelle Giguère
- Forest Research Centre and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, 1030 rue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sébastien Caron
- Gydle Inc., 1135 Grande Allée Ouest Suite 220, Québec, QC, G1S 1E7, Canada
| | - Juliana Stival Sena
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Annie Deslauriers
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Forest Research Centre and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, 1030 rue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Université Laval, 1030 rue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Esmenjaud
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 400 route des Chappes, BP167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - John MacKay
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.,Forest Research Centre and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, 1030 rue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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28
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Chakraborty D, Jandl R, Kapeller S, Schueler S. Disentangling the role of climate and soil on tree growth and its interaction with seed origin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:393-401. [PMID: 30447577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When considering options for adapting forests under climate change, climate is treated as the dominant driver of forest growth, while soil properties are often ignored mainly due to shortage of accurate data. The effects of climate and soil on forest growth may vary due to local adaptation to both climate and soil, and these local adaptations might need to be considered when transferring seed provenances under climate change. Data from 29 provenance trials of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) across a wide gradient of planting conditions in Austria was used to develop Structural Equation Models (SEMs) to quantified the role of climatic and soil drivers and their interactions on juvenile growth performance and to test if provenance origin affects the relative importance of these drivers. Climate and soil of the planting site location were found to have similar direct effects on juvenile tree growth, however, climate was found to be more important because of additional indirect effects via interactions with soil parameters. Notably, the relative effects of climate and soil vary among different provenance groups. Climate constraints are dominant for seed sources originating from colder and/or high altitude locations, while test site climate and soil are equally important contributors of growth for provenances originating from warmer origin and lower elevation sites. Together with the better growth performance of the latter provenance group their plasticity allows them to utilize a wide range of soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Jandl
- Austrian Research Centre for Forests BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kapeller
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Whipple AV, Cobb NS, Gehring CA, Mopper S, Flores-Rentería L, Whitham TG. Long-Term Studies Reveal Differential Responses to Climate Change for Trees Under Soil- or Herbivore-Related Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:132. [PMID: 30833952 PMCID: PMC6387935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, trees are confronting increased temperature and aridity, exacerbating susceptibility to herbivory. Long-term studies comparing patterns of plant performance through drought can help identify variation among and within populations in vulnerability to climate change and herbivory. We use long-term monitoring data to examine our overarching hypothesis that the negative impacts of poor soil and herbivore susceptibility would be compounded by severe drought. We studied pinyon pine, Pinus edulis, a widespread southwestern tree species that has suffered extensive climate-change related mortality. We analyzed data on mortality, growth, male reproduction, and herbivory collected for 14-32 years in three areas with distinct soil-types. We used standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) as a climate proxy that summarizes the impacts of drought due to precipitation and temperature variation on semi-arid forests. Several key findings emerged: (1) Plant performance measurements did not support our hypothesis that trees growing in stressful, coarse-textured soils would suffer more than trees growing in finer-textured soils. Stem growth at the area with coarse, young cinder soils (area one) responded only weakly to drought, while stem growth on more developed soils with sedimentary (area two) and volcanic (area three) substrates, was strongly negatively affected by drought. Male reproduction declined less with drought at area one and more at areas two and three. Overall mortality was 30% on coarse cinder soils (area one) and averaged 55% on finer soil types (areas two and three). (2) Although moth herbivore susceptible trees were hypothesized to suffer more with drought than moth resistant trees, the opposite occurred. Annual stem growth was negatively affected by drought for moth resistant trees, but much less strongly for moth susceptible trees. (3) In contrast to our hypothesis, moths declined with drought. Overall, chronically water-stressed and herbivore-susceptible trees had smaller declines in performance relative to less-stressed trees during drought years. These long-term findings support the idea that stressed trees might be more resistant to drought since they may have adapted or acclimated to resist drought-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V. Whipple
- Department of Biological Sciences, Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Neil S. Cobb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Catherine A. Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Susan Mopper
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | | | - Thomas G. Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
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30
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High Morphological Differentiation in Crown Architecture Contrasts with Low Population Genetic Structure of German Norway Spruce Stands. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9120752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High elevation sites in the low mountain ranges in Germany are naturally covered by Norway spruce (Picea abies (Karst.) L.) stands. Historically, large scale anthropogenic range expansion starting in the mid to late 18th century had a huge impact on the forest composition throughout Germany. Utilisation and exploitation often led to artificial regeneration, mostly carried out using seeds from allochthonous provenances. Usually, autochthonous (natural) high elevation Norway spruce trees have narrow crown phenotypes, whereas lowland trees have broader crowns. Narrow crown phenotypes are likely the result of adaptation to heavy snow loads combined with high wind speeds. In the present study, neighbouring stand pairs of putative autochthonous and allochthonous origin with contrasting phenotypes in high elevation sites were investigated with 200 samples each. These stands are located in the Ore Mountains, the Thuringian Forest, and the Harz Mountains. Additionally, a relict population with the typical narrow high elevation phenotypes was sampled in Thuringia, known as “Schlossbergfichte”. The objective of the study was to quantify supposedly adaptive phenotypic differences in crown architecture and the genetic differentiation of 11 putatively neutral nuclear microsatellite markers (i.e., simple sequence repeats (nSSRs)). The high differentiation of morphological traits (PST = 0.952–0.989) between the neighbouring autochthonous and allochthonous stands of similar age contrasts with the very low neutral genetic differentiation (FST = 0.002–0.007; G″ST = 0.002–0.030), suggesting that directional selection at adaptive gene loci was involved in phenotypic differentiation. Comparing the regions, a small isolation by distance effect for the Harz Mountains was detected, suggesting landscape resistance restricting gene flow. Finally, the differentiation of the very old autochthonous (up to 250 years) stand “Schlossbergfichte” with typical high elevation phenotypes could cohere with the sampling of a relict genepool.
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Influence of Spatiotemporal Dynamics on the Fine-Scale Spatial Genetic Structure of Differently Managed Picea abies Stands. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tandem analysis of dendrochronological and genetic data is piquing forest ecologists’ interest and represents a promising approach for studying the temporal development of genetic structure in forest tree populations. Such multidisciplinary approach can help elucidate to what extent different management practices have impacted the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of forest stands through time. In this study, we jointly analysed spatial, age and genetic data from three differently managed Norway spruce permanent plots to assess: (1) possible differences among plots in the spatial distribution of individuals and their genetic structure due to different management practices, and (2) whether modifications in the age structure influenced the fine-scale spatial genetic structure within each permanent plot. With these aims, we genetically characterized at five nuclear microsatellite markers a large subset (328) of all the trees for which spatial and age data were collected (1472). We found that different management practices determined a similar spatial structure in terms of trees’ ages (r < 25 m in all plots) and neutral genetic diversity (Sp ranging from 0.002 to 0.004). Hot spots and cold spots of trees’ age were not statistically different in terms of genetic diversity, and trees’ age was not statistically different among the genetic clusters detected. On the other hand, the spatial distribution of individuals was significantly clustered up to 22 m only in the wooded pasture plot. Our main findings show that forest land use and management can indeed determine markedly different spatial layouts of Norway spruce individuals but do not produce strong distortions in the spatial structure of age and genetic parameters.
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