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Matsumura N, Tanaka YK, Ogra Y, Koga K, Shiratani M, Nagano K, Tanaka A. Subchronic toxicity study of indium-tin oxide nanoparticles following intratracheal administration into the lungs of rats. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiae019. [PMID: 38626325 PMCID: PMC11131026 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze the subchronic toxicity and tissue distribution of indium after the intratracheal administration of indium-tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) to the lungs of rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were administered a single intratracheal dose of 10 or 20 mg In/kg body weight (BW) of ITO NPs. The control rats received only an intratracheal dose of distilled water. A subset of rats was periodically euthanized throughout the study from 1 to 20 weeks after administration. Indium concentrations in the serum, lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, kidneys, liver, and spleen as well as pathological changes in the lungs and kidneys were determined. Additionally, the distribution of ionic indium and indium NPs in the kidneys was analyzed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Indium concentrations in the lungs of the 2 ITO NP groups gradually decreased over the 20-week observation period. Conversely, the indium concentrations in the mediastinal lymph nodes of the 2 ITO groups increased and were several hundred times higher than those in the kidneys, spleen, and liver. Pulmonary and renal toxicities were observed histopathologically in both the ITO groups. Both indium NPs and ionic indium were detected in the kidneys, and their distributions were similar to the strong indium signals detected at the sites of inflammatory cell infiltration and tubular epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that intratracheal administration of 10 or 20 mg In/kg BW of ITO NPs in male rats produces pulmonary and renal toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Matsumura
- Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yu-ki Tanaka
- Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazunori Koga
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shiratani
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kasuke Nagano
- Nagano Toxicologic-Pathology Consulting, Hadano, Japan
| | - Akiyo Tanaka
- Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Sato K, Fukui H, Hagiwara Y, Ogawa R, Nishioka A, Numano T, Sugiyama T, Kawabe M, Mera Y, Yoneda T. Difference in carcinogenicities of two different vapor grown carbon fibers with different physicochemical characteristics induced by intratracheal instillation in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:37. [PMID: 37770972 PMCID: PMC10537556 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon fibers are high aspect ratio structures with diameters on the submicron scale. Vapor grown carbon fibers are contained within multi-walled carbon tubes, with VGCF™-H commonly applied as a conductive additive in lithium-ion batteries. However, several multi-walled carbon fibers, including MWNT-7, have been reported to induce lung carcinogenicity in rats. This study investigated the carcinogenic potential of VGCF™-H fibers in F344 rats of both sexes with the vapor grown carbon fibers VGCF™-H and MWNT-7 over 2 years. The carbon fibers were administered to rats by intratracheal instillation at doses of 0, 0.016, 0.08, and 0.4 mg/kg (total doses of 0, 0.128, 0.64, and 3.2 mg/kg) once per week for eight weeks and the rats were observed for up to 2 years after the first instillation. RESULTS Histopathological examination showed the induction of malignant mesothelioma on the pleural cavity with dose-dependent increases observed at 0, 0.128, 0.64, and 3.2 mg/kg in rats of both sexes that were exposed to MWNT-7. On the other hand, only two cases of pleural malignant mesothelioma were observed in the VGCF™-H groups; both rats that received 3.2 mg/kg in male. The animals in the MWNT-7 groups either died or became moribund earlier than those in the VGCF™-H groups, which is thought related to the development of malignant mesothelioma. The survival rates were higher in the VGCF™-H group, and more carbon fibers were observed in the pleural lavage fluid (PLF) of the MWNT-7 groups. These results suggest that malignant mesothelioma is related to the transfer of carbon fibers into the pleural cavity. CONCLUSIONS The intratracheal instillation of MWNT-7 clearly led to carcinogenicity in both male and female rats at all doses. The equivocal evidence for carcinogenic potential that was observed in male rats exposed to VGCF™-H was not seen in the females. The differences in the carcinogenicities of the two types of carbon fibers are thought due to differences in the number of carbon fibers reaching the pleural cavity. The results indicate that the carcinogenic activity of VGCF™-H is lower than that of MWNT-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sato
- Chemical Management Department, Resonac Corporation, Tokyo Shiodome Bldg.,1-9-1, Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-7325, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Fukui
- Chemical Management Department, Resonac Corporation, Tokyo Shiodome Bldg.,1-9-1, Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-7325, Japan
| | - Yuji Hagiwara
- Chemical Management Department, Resonac Corporation, Tokyo Shiodome Bldg.,1-9-1, Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-7325, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ogawa
- Chemical Management Department, Resonac Corporation, Tokyo Shiodome Bldg.,1-9-1, Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-7325, Japan
| | - Ayako Nishioka
- Chemical Management Department, Resonac Corporation, Tokyo Shiodome Bldg.,1-9-1, Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-7325, Japan
| | - Takamasa Numano
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya-shi, Aichi, 491-0113, Japan
| | - Taiki Sugiyama
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya-shi, Aichi, 491-0113, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kawabe
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya-shi, Aichi, 491-0113, Japan
| | - Yukinori Mera
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya-shi, Aichi, 491-0113, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoneda
- Chemical Management Department, Resonac Corporation, Tokyo Shiodome Bldg.,1-9-1, Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-7325, Japan
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Hojo M, Maeno A, Sakamoto Y, Yamamoto Y, Taquahashi Y, Hirose A, Suzuki J, Inomata A, Nakae D. Time-Course of Transcriptomic Change in the Lungs of F344 Rats Repeatedly Exposed to a Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube in a 2-Year Test. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2105. [PMID: 37513116 PMCID: PMC10383707 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive toxicological studies of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over the last two decades, only a few studies have demonstrated their pulmonary carcinogenicities in chronic animal experiments, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. To obtain molecular insights into CNT-induced lung carcinogenicity, we performed a transcriptomic analysis using a set of lung tissues collected from rats in a 2-year study, in which lung tumors were induced by repeated intratracheal instillations of a multiwalled carbon nanotube, MWNT-7. The RNA-seq-based transcriptome identified a large number of significantly differentially expressed genes at Year 0.5, Year 1, and Year 2. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that macrophage-elicited signaling pathways such as phagocytosis, acute phase response, and Toll-like receptor signaling were activated throughout the experimental period. At Year 2, cancer-related pathways including ERBB signaling and some axonal guidance signaling pathways such as EphB4 signaling were perturbed. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry indicated that several key molecules such as Osteopontin/Spp1, Hmox1, Mmp12, and ERBB2 were markedly altered and/or localized in the preneoplastic lesions, suggesting their participation in the induction of lung cancer. Our findings support a scenario of inflammation-induced carcinogenesis and contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of MWCNT carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Ai Maeno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Chemicals Assessment and Research Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 1-4-25 Koraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0004, Japan
| | - Jin Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Medical Sports, Faculty of Health Care and Medical Sports, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-1 Uruido-Minami, Ichihara 290-0193, Chiba, Japan
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Yao J, Zhou P, Zhang X, Yuan B, Pan Y, Jiang J. The Cytotoxicity of Tungsten Ions Derived from Nanoparticles Correlates with Pulmonary Toxicity. TOXICS 2023; 11:528. [PMID: 37368628 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten carbide nanoparticles (nano-WC) are prevalent in composite materials, and are attributed to their physical and chemical properties. Due to their small size, nano-WC particles can readily infiltrate biological organisms via the respiratory tract, thereby posing potential health hazards. Despite this, the studies addressing the cytotoxicity of nano-WC remain notably limited. To this purpose, the BEAS-2B and U937 cells were cultured in the presence of nano-WC. The significant cytotoxicity of nano-WC suspension was evaluated using a cellular LDH assay. To investigate the cytotoxic impact of tungsten ions (W6+) on cells, the ion chelator (EDTA-2Na) was used to adsorb W6+ from nano-WC suspension. Subsequent to this treatment, the modified nano-WC suspension was subjected to flow cytometry analysis to evaluate the rates of cellular apoptosis. According to the results, a decrease in W6+ could mitigate the cellular damage and enhance cell viability, which indicated that W6+ indeed exerted a significant cytotoxic influence on the cells. Overall, the present study provides valuable insight into the toxicological mechanisms underlying the exposure of lung cells to nano-WC, thereby reducing the environmental toxicant risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Beilei Yuan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yong Pan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Senoh H, Kasai T, Hirai S, Furukawa Y, Misumi K, Goto Y, Takanobu K, Matsumoto M, Fukushima S, Aiso S. Multi-organ carcinogenicity by inhalation exposure to 2-Bromopropane in rats. J Occup Health 2023; 65:e12388. [PMID: 36756793 PMCID: PMC9909380 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the carcinogenicity of 2-bromopropane (2-BP) in rats. METHODS Male and female F344 rats were exposed by whole body inhalation to 2-BP vapor at concentrations of 0, 67, 200, and 600 ppm for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. RESULTS All rats of both sexes exposed to 600 ppm died or became moribund within 85 weeks. Death/moribundity was caused by 2-BP induced tumors. In males, significantly increased tumors were malignant Zymbal's gland tumors; sebaceous adenoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin/appendage; adenocarcinoma of the small/large intestine; follicular cell adenoma of the thyroid; fibroma of the subcutis, and malignant lymphoma of the lymph node. In addition, an increased trend in tumor incidence was found in the preputial gland, lung, forestomach, pancreas islet, brain, and spleen. In females, significantly increased tumors were adenocarcinoma and fibroadenoma of the mammary gland, squamous cell papilloma of the vagina, and large granular lymphocytic leukemia of the spleen. In addition, an increased trend in tumor incidence was found in Zymbal's gland, the clitoral gland, skin, large intestine, pancreas islet, uterus, and subcutis. Particularly, malignant Zymbal's gland tumors were induced even in males exposed to the lowest concentration, 67 ppm. CONCLUSION Two-year inhalation exposure to 2-BP resulted in multi-organ carcinogenicity in rats. Based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in this study, 2-BP has the potential to be a human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Senoh
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Kasai
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Shigeyuki Hirai
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Kyohei Misumi
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Yuko Goto
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Kenji Takanobu
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Michiharu Matsumoto
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Shigetoshi Aiso
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
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Liu N, Guan Y, Yu Y, Li G, Xue L, Li W, Qu X, Li N, Yao S. Pulmonary effects of exposure to indium and its compounds: cross-sectional survey of exposed workers and experimental findings in rodents. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:69. [PMID: 36539793 PMCID: PMC9764635 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown that occupational exposure to indium and its compounds could induce lung disease. Although animal toxicological studies and human epidemiological studies suggest indium exposure may cause lung injury, inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and even lung cancer, related data collected from humans is currently limited and confined to single workplaces, and the early effects of exposure on the lungs are not well understood. OBJECTIVES This study combined population studies and animal experiments to examine the links of indium with pulmonary injury, as well as its mechanism of action. A cross-sectional epidemiological study of indium-exposed workers from China was conducted to evaluate associations between occupational indium exposure and serum biomarkers of early effect. This study also compares and analyzes the causal perspectives of changes in human serum biomarkers induced by indium compound exposure and indium exposure-related rat lung pathobiology, and discusses possible avenues for their recognition and prevention. METHODS This is a study of 57 exposed (at least 6 h per day for one year) workers from an indium ingot production plant, and 63 controls. Indium concentration in serum, urine, and airborne as exposure indices were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Sixteen serum biomarkers of pulmonary injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress were measured using ELISA. The associations between serum indium and 16 serum biomarkers were analyzed to explore the mechanism of action of indium on pulmonary injury in indium-exposed workers. Animal experiments were conducted to measure inflammatory factors levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue protein expressions in rats. Four different forms of indium compound-exposed rat models were established (intratracheal instillation twice per week, 8 week exposure, 8 week recovery). Model I: 0, 1.2, 3, and 6 mg/kg bw indium tin oxide group; Model II: 0, 1.2, 3, and 6 mg/kg bw indium oxide (In2O3) group; Model III: 0, 0.523, 1.046, and 2.614 mg/kg bw indium sulfate (In2(SO4)3) group; Model IV: 0, 0.065, 0.65, and 1.3 mg/kg bw indium trichloride (InCl3) group. Lung pathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin & eosin, periodic acid Schiff, and Masson's staining, transmission electron microscopy, and the protein changes were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the production workshop, the airborne indium concentration was 78.4 μg/m3. The levels of serum indium and urine indium in indium-exposed workers were 39.3 μg/L and 11.0 ng/g creatinine. Increased lung damage markers, oxidative stress markers, and inflammation markers were found in indium-exposed workers. Serum indium levels were statistically and positively associated with the serum levels of SP-A, IL-1β, IL-6 in indium-exposed workers. Among them, SP-A showed a duration-response pattern. The results of animal experiments showed that, with an increase in dosage, indium exposure significantly increased the levels of serum indium and lung indium, as well as the BALF levels of IL‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑10, and TNF‑α and up-regulated the protein expression of SP-A, SP-D, KL-6, GM-CSF, NF-κB p65, and HO-1 in all rat models groups. TEM revealed that In2(SO4)3 and InCl3 are soluble and that no particles were found in lung tissue, in contrast to the non-soluble compounds (ITO and In2O3). No PAS-staining positive substance was found in the lung tissue of In2(SO4)3 and InCl3 exposure groups, whereas ITO and In2O3 rat models supported findings of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and interstitial fibrosis seen in human indium lung disease. ITO and InCl3 can accelerate interstitial fibrosis. Findings from our in vivo studies demonstrated that intra-alveolar accumulation of surfactant (immunohistochemistry) and characteristic cholesterol clefts granulomas of indium lung disease (PAS staining) were triggered by a specific form of indium (ITO and In2O3). CONCLUSIONS In indium-exposed workers, biomarker findings indicated lung damage, oxidative stress and an inflammatory response. In rat models of the four forms of indium encountered in a workplace, the biomarkers response to all compounds overall corresponded to that in humans. In addition, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was found following exposure to indium tin oxide and indium oxide in the rat models, and interstitial fibrosis was found following exposure to indium tin oxide and indium trichloride, supporting previous report of human disease. Serum SP-A levels were positively associated with indium exposure and may be considered a potential biomarker of exposure and effect in exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Health and Safety in Hebei, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Yi Guan
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Health and Safety in Hebei, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Yan Yu
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Health and Safety in Hebei, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Gai Li
- grid.470203.2North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei China
| | - Ling Xue
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Health and Safety in Hebei, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Weikang Li
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Health and Safety in Hebei, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Xiaoyu Qu
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Health and Safety in Hebei, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Ning Li
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Health and Safety in Hebei, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Health and Safety in Hebei, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China ,grid.412990.70000 0004 1808 322XXinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan China
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7
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Takeda T, Yamano S, Goto Y, Hirai S, Furukawa Y, Kikuchi Y, Misumi K, Suzuki M, Takanobu K, Senoh H, Saito M, Kondo H, Daghlian G, Hong YK, Yoshimatsu Y, Hirashima M, Kobashi Y, Okamoto K, Kishimoto T, Umeda Y. Dose-response relationship of pulmonary disorders by inhalation exposure to cross-linked water-soluble acrylic acid polymers in F344 rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:27. [PMID: 35395797 PMCID: PMC8994297 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, six workers handling cross-linked water-soluble acrylic acid polymer (CWAAP) at a chemical plant suffered from lung diseases, including fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, emphysema, and pneumothorax. We recently demonstrated that inhalation of CWAAP-A, one type of CWAAP, causes pulmonary disorders in rats. It is important to investigate dose-response relationships and recoverability from exposure to CWAAPs for establishing occupational health guidelines, such as setting threshold limit value for CWAAPs in the workplace. METHODS Male and female F344 rats were exposed to 0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg/m3 CWAAP-A for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks using a whole-body inhalation exposure system. At 1 h, 4 weeks, and 13 weeks after the last exposure the rats were euthanized and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and all tissues including lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes were collected and subjected to biological and histopathological analyses. In a second experiment, male rats were pre-treated with clodronate liposome or polymorphonuclear leukocyte-neutralizing antibody to deplete macrophages or neutrophils, respectively, and exposed to CWAAP-A for 6 h/day for 2 days. RESULTS CWAAP-A exposure damaged only the alveoli. The lowest observed adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) was 1 mg/m3 and the no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) was 0.3 mg/m3. Rats of both sexes were able to recover from the tissue damage caused by 13 weeks exposure to 1 mg/m3 CWAAP-A. In contrast, tissue damage caused by exposure to 3 and 10 mg/m3 was irreversible due to the development of interstitial lung lesions. There was a gender difference in the recovery from CWAAP-A induced pulmonary disorders, with females recovering less than males. Finally, acute lung effects caused by CWAAP-A were significantly reduced by depletion of alveolar macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary damage caused by inhalation exposure to CWAAP-A was dose-dependent, specific to the lung and lymph nodes, and acute lung damage was ameliorated by depleting macrophages in the lungs. CWAAP-A had both a LOAEC and a NOAEC, and tissue damage caused by exposure to 1 mg/m3 CWAAP-A was reversible: recovery in female rats was less than for males. These findings indicate that concentration limits for CWAAPs in the workplace can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takeda
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Yamano
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan.
| | - Yuko Goto
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Hirai
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kikuchi
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Kyohei Misumi
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Kenji Takanobu
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Hideki Senoh
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Misae Saito
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kondo
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - George Daghlian
- Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshimatsu
- Division of Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masanori Hirashima
- Division of Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kobashi
- Department of Pathology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Nara, 632-8552, Japan
| | - Kenzo Okamoto
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido Chuo Rosai Hospital, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Iwamizawa, Hokkaido, 068-0004, Japan
| | - Takumi Kishimoto
- Director of Research and Training Center for Asbestos-Related Diseases, Okayama, Okayama, 702-8055, Japan
| | - Yumi Umeda
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
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8
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Shaji LK, Kumar SKA. A quinoline-benzothiazole-based chemosensor coupled with a smartphone for the rapid detection of In 3+ ions. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:620-626. [PMID: 35060981 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A newly designed quinoline-benzothiazole probe 2-((Z)-((E)-benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ylidenehydrazono)methyl)quinolin-8-ol (L) was synthesized by reacting 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carbaldehyde with 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole and structurally characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The sensing ability of probe L was studied with various cations using colorimetry, test paper strips, a red-green-blue (RGB) model and UV-visible spectrophotometry in DMSO : H2O (3 : 7, v/v). The pale yellow colour of L turns into orange on contact with In3+ ions, whereas other tested metal ions did not show any change in colour. The probe L exhibits an absorbance band at 360 nm due to ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT); upon interaction with In3+ ions, it exhibits a band at 445 nm due to ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). The probe L binds In3+ in a 2 : 1 ratio with an association constant of 8.1 × 105 M-1 and this is established using the Job's and Benesi-Hildebrand (B-H) methods. The probe L can work in the pH range of 4-8 without interfering with other competing ions. It can be used to detect quantities as low as 2.3 ppb and 85 ppb by spectrophotometry and RGB, respectively. The binding mechanism was studied by 1H NMR titration, ESI mass and FT-IR spectral analysis and well supported by theoretical studies. Overall, probe L demonstrates promising potential for the detection of In3+ ions in the semi-aqueous phase and this is its first report as a colorimetric chromogenic probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyana K Shaji
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S K Ashok Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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9
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Qu J, Wang J, Zhang H, Wu J, Ma X, Wang S, Zang Y, Huang Y, Ma Y, Cao Y, Wu D, Zhang T. Toxicokinetics and systematic responses of differently sized indium tin oxide (ITO) particles in mice via oropharyngeal aspiration exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117993. [PMID: 34428702 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an important semiconductor material, because of increasing commercial products consumption and potentially exposed workers worldwide. So, urgently we need to assess and manage potential health risks of ITO. Although the Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) has been established for ITO exposure, there is still a lack of distinguishing the risks of exposure to particles of different sizes. Therefore, obtaining toxicological data of small-sized particles will help to improve its risk assessment data. Important questions raised in quantitative risk assessments for ITO particles are whether biodistribution of ITO particles is affected by particle size and to what extent systematic adverse responses is subsequently initiated. In order to determine whether this toxicological paradigm for size is relevant in ITO toxic effect, we performed comparative studies on the toxicokinetics and sub-acute toxicity test of ITO in mice. The results indicate both sized-ITO resided in the lung tissue and slowly excreted from the mice, and the smaller size of ITO being cleared more slowly. Only a little ITO was transferred to other organs, especially with higher blood flow. Two type of ITO which deposit in the lung mainly impacts respiratory system and may injure liver or kidney. After sub-acute exposure to ITO, inflammation featured by neutrophils infiltration and fibrosis with both dose and size effects have been observed. Our findings revealed toxicokinetics and dose-dependent pulmonary toxicity in mice via oropharyngeal aspiration exposure, also replenish in vivo risk assessment of ITO. Collectively, these data indicate that under the current OEL, there are potential toxic effects after exposure to the ITO particles. The observed size-dependent biodistribution patterns and toxic effect might be important for approaching the hazard potential of small-sized ITO in an occupational environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haopeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jingying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinmo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shile Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yiteng Zang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuhui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuna Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Daming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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10
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Shakir I, Haider S, Agboola PO, Al-Khalli NF. Fabrication of NiO/SnO 2 heterojunction based photocatalyst for efficient sunlight degradation of organic dyes. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1996135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shakir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philips O. Agboola
- College of Engineering Al-Muzahmia Branch, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeeb Faud Al-Khalli
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Nakano M, Hirata M, Hamasaki M, Tanaka A, Nagata A, Kumazoe H, Wakamatsu K, Shiraishi T, Omae K. Indium kinetics in an indium exposed worker before and after bilateral lung transplantation. J Occup Health 2021; 62:e12165. [PMID: 32951288 PMCID: PMC7507028 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A male worker with indium‐tin oxide (ITO)‐induced pneumoconiosis underwent bilateral lung transplantation (LT). Methods Post‐LT histopathological investigations of the isolated lungs and hilar lymph nodes were performed and indium concentration in serum (In‐S) and serum Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6) were tracked for 122 weeks. Results He has attained the ultimate treatment goal of > 2‐year survival. The main histopathological characteristics were pan‐lobular emphysematous change, interstitial fibrosis, and lymphocytic infiltration in the peribronchiolar/perivascular portions, and numerous cholesterol clefts and giant cells containing brown particles. These findings support the conclusion that the lung injury was caused by the inhalation of ITO. Metal element mapping and indium in the isolated lungs revealed that inhaled ITO particles in humans migrate to the lymph nodes. In‐S remained at remarkably high levels (≥30 ng/mL) and showed wide fluctuation with bimodality until 46 weeks after LT, but KL‐6 remained in the normal range for almost the entire period. The indium concentration in the donor's resection lung at 10 weeks after LT was 143.5 ng/g wet‐weight, which was only one one‐thousandth of the recipient's lung (161 µg/g wet‐weight). After 48 weeks of LT, the recipient's In‐S had gradually decreased; the biological half‐life was 1.2 years. These results clearly suggest that indium remaining in the recipient's tissues did not adversely influence the transplant donor's lungs. Conclusions The transplanted donor's lungs were not influenced by indium in the recipient's organs. Bilateral LT is thus an effective treatment option in severe indium lung disease cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Nakano
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Hirata
- Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Hamasaki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiyo Tanaka
- Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asahi Nagata
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Pediatric Surgery, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumazoe
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Omuta National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Wakamatsu
- Department of Pulmonology, National Hospital Organization Omuta National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiraishi
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Pediatric Surgery, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Omae
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Sekine Y, Ichimura H, Ueda S, Kobayashi K, Nawa T, Amata A, Chonan T, Sakata A, Komatsu Y, Sato Y. Response to pembrolizumab in a patient with primary lung adenocarcinoma originated from indium lung. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:107. [PMID: 33789640 PMCID: PMC8011174 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indium is a metal used as a compound called indium-tin oxide for liquid crystal display. Its inhalation causes lung toxicity, resulting in a new occupational lung disease called indium lung. Although the carcinogenicity of indium has been reported in an animal model, its carcinogenicity in humans is unknown. Case presentation This is the first reported case of a primary lung cancer originating from indium lung. In this report, we describe a 46-year-old man with interstitial pneumonia-type indium lung diagnosed 16 years ago. The initial symptom was left chest pain, and computed tomography showed a mass adjacent to the aorta with left pleural effusion. Specimens collected using video-assisted thoracoscopy revealed an adenocarcinoma with a high expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (cT4N0M1a stage IVA). Although the lesions showed a remarkable aggressive nature, the patient benefited from pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death 1, which was used as second-line therapy for 2 years. Conclusions It is important for clinicians to be aware of lung cancer development in indium-exposed workers or in patients with indium lung, as this could have an aggressive behavior. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an option even in patients with interstitial pneumonia-type indium lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Sekine
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, 2-1-1 Jyounan, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0077, Japan
| | - Hideo Ichimura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, 2-1-1 Jyounan, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0077, Japan. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 2-1-1 Jyounan, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0077, Japan.
| | - Sho Ueda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, 2-1-1 Jyounan, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0077, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, 2-1-1 Jyounan, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0077, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, 2-1-1 Jyounan, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0077, Japan
| | - Atsuko Amata
- Department of Medicine, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0064, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Chonan
- Department of Medicine, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0064, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakata
- Department of Pathology, Hitachi General Hospital, 2-1-1 Jyounan, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0077, Japan
| | - Yoji Komatsu
- Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 2-1-1 Jyounan, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0077, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hitachi General Hospital, 2-1-1 Jyounan, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0077, Japan
| | - Yukio Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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13
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Enrichment Mechanisms of Gallium and Indium in No. 9 Coals in Anjialing Mine, Ningwu Coalfield, North China, with a Preliminary Discussion on Their Potential Health Risks. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To provide a comprehensive insight into the enrichment mechanism of gallium and indium in No. 9 coals, eighteen samples were collected from Anjialing mine, Ningwu Coalfield, Shanxi Province for coal petrological, mineralogical and geochemical analyses. The results suggested that Ga and In enrichment mainly hosted in the top horizons, with average concentration coefficients of 8.99 and 2.73 respectively, compared with the rest of horizons (2.46 for Ga and 1.69 for In). Source apportionment indicated that Ga and In were mainly derived from bauxite of Benxi Formation in Yinshan Oldland, while In could originate from felsic magmatic rocks in Yinshan Oldland as well. In addition, weak oxidation condition, medium to intensive weathering, transgression and input of terrestrial higher plants had positive effects on Ga and In enrichment. With the rapid expansion of emerging electronics manufacturing, Ga and In, of which potential risks on human health were neglected previously, were recently considered as hazardous elements. Therefore, this paper also discussed the potential pathways that these elements threatened human health. We suggested that potential risks on environment and human health caused by Ga and In enrichment in coals and coal-related products should be taken into account besides their economic value.
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14
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Li B, Liu Z, Li L, Xing Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Pei M, Zhang G. A Schiff base sensor for relay monitoring of In3+ and Fe3+ through “off–on–off” fluorescent signals. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Schiff base N′-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4,5-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (LB2) was designed and synthesized and could be used as a sensor to identify In3+ and Fe3+ through fluorescence ‘off–on–off’ behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Henan Sanmenxia Aoke Chemical Industry Co. Ltd
- Sanmenxia
- China
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yujing Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yuanying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Guangyou Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tabei
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
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16
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Nitrative DNA damage in lung epithelial cells exposed to indium nanoparticles and indium ions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10741. [PMID: 32612147 PMCID: PMC7329867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Indium compounds have been widely used in manufacturing displays of mobile phones, computers and televisions. However, inhalation exposure to indium compounds causes interstitial pneumonia in exposed workers and lung cancer in experimental animals. 8-Nitroguanine (8-nitroG) is a mutagenic DNA lesion formed under inflammatory conditions and may participate in indium-induced carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined 8-nitroG formation in A549 cultured human lung epithelial cells treated with indium compounds, including nanoparticles of indium oxide (In2O3) and indium-tin oxide (ITO), and indium chloride (InCl3). We performed fluorescent immunocytochemistry to examine 8-nitroG formation in indium-exposed A549 cells. All indium compounds significantly increased 8-nitroG formation in A549 cells at 5 ng/ml after 4 h incubation. 8-NitroG formation was largely reduced by 1400 W, methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) and monodansylcadaverine (MDC), suggesting the involvement of nitric oxide synthase and endocytosis. 8-NitroG formation in A549 cells was also largely suppressed by small interfering RNA (siRNA) for high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation and end products (AGER, RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). These results suggest that indium compounds induce inflammation-mediated DNA damage in lung epithelial cells via the HMGB1-RAGE-TLR9 pathway. This mechanism may contribute to indium-induced genotoxicity in the respiratory system.
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17
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Yang J, Zhang W, Feng J. Low serum indium levels induce expression disorders of some inflammatory factors. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:23-30. [PMID: 32514666 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been reported that occupational exposure to indium compounds, including indium-tin oxide, can induce pulmonary inflammation resulting in serious indium lung disease. However, whether there is an early effect of indium exposure on inflammatory factor expression remains unclear. METHODS Twenty indium-tin oxide processing workers and 15 healthy volunteers were recruited to measure serum indium levels, respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and serum inflammatory factor levels. RESULTS Although low serum indium was detected in workers, lung abnormalities were not increased, compared with healthy population. However, serum G-CSF, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta levels were significantly increased, while IL-16 and TIMP-1 were obviously down-regulated in indium-tin oxide processing workers. These inflammatory factor levels showed a significant correlation with serum indium levels. CONCLUSIONS Basing on our findings, we speculate that low serum indium levels may induce inflammatory responses, which may be an adaptive response or may cause lung diseases. Therefore, further experiments or follow-up is needed. However, better safeguard procedures and indium exposure reduction should be considered in ITO industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Yang
- Shenzhen Bao'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3, Haixiu Road, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518053, China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jing Feng
- Occupational Health Department, Bao'an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3# Haixiu Road, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Tsai PK, Wu SW, Chiang CY, Lee MW, Chen HY, Chen WY, Chen CJ, Yang SF, Yeh CB, Kuan YH. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and genotoxicity induced by indium chloride in macrophages through mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110348. [PMID: 32114240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapid advances in the era of electronic technologies, indium has played the important material for the production of liquid crystal display screens in the semiconductor and optoelectronic industries. The present study focuses on evaluating the toxic effects and related mechanisms of indium chloride (InCl3) on RAW264.7 macrophages. Cytotoxicity was induced by InCl3 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. InCl3 had the ability to induce macrophage death through apoptosis rather than through necrosis. According to the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, InCl3 induced DNA damage, also called genotoxicity, in a concentration-dependent manner. Cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease (caspase)-3, -8, and -9 were activated by InCl3 in a concentration-dependent manner. Mitochondria dysfunction and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria were induced by InCl3 in a concentration-dependent manner. Downregulation of BCL2 and upregulation of BAD were induced by InCl3 in a concentration-dependent manner. More, we proposed that InCl3 treatment generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, the current study revealed that InCl3 induced macrophage cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and genotoxicity via a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway and ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Kun Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; The School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; A Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; The School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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19
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Kapukıran F, Yılmaz Ö, Tekin Z, Büyükpınar Ç, Özdoğan N, Bakırdere S. Determination of Indium in Lettuce Samples Using Hydrogen Supported-T-cut-slotted Quartz Tube-atom Trap-flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kapukıran
- Bülent Ecevit University, Institute of Science, Environmental Engineer Department, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Özge Yılmaz
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tekin
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Büyükpınar
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nizamettin Özdoğan
- Bülent Ecevit University, Institute of Science, Environmental Engineer Department, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
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20
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Chonan T, Amata A, Kawabata Y, Omae K. Indium Lung: Discovery, Pathophysiology and Prevention. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2020; 248:143-150. [PMID: 31257311 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.248.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Indium is mainly used as indium-tin oxide (ITO), which has a unique character of transparency, and is a requisite in making liquid crystal displays. Pulmonary toxicity of indium compounds in humans were not recognized until the last 2 decades. Several initial human cases of indium-related lung disease, named indium lung, were reported in Japan, with their main pathologic findings being interstitial pneumonia, emphysema and cholesterol crystals-containing granulomas. In 2010, three cases with alveolar proteinosis were reported from the United States and China. As of March 2019, more than 10 cases of interstitial pneumonia-dominant indium lung have been reported. Cross-sectional studies in indium workers indicate that the serum indium concentration (sIn) is closely related to the exposure period, the extent of interstitial as well as emphysematous changes of the lung on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and serum biomarkers of interstitial pneumonia, including KL-6 and surfactant protein-D (SP-D). Longitudinal studies have shown it is possible to reduce the sIn as well as the interstitial shadows on HRCT; however, emphysematous lesions increased progressively in heavily exposed workers, even after cessation of exposure. Early detection is required to prevent irreversible changes. The first case of lung cancer associated with indium lung developed in a nonsmoking ex-worker. He had been diagnosed with indium lung and stopped working in indium processing 17 years before. This suggested there is a need for appropriate screening to detect for complications of lung cancer at early stages for those with indium lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshinori Kawabata
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Saitama Prefectural Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center
| | - Kazuyuki Omae
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
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21
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Lee DK, Jang HS, Chung H, Jeon S, Jeong J, Choi JH, Cho WS. Aggravation of atherosclerosis by pulmonary exposure to indium oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:355-371. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1704590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Jang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Chung
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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22
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Finelli A, Chabert V, Hérault N, Crochet A, Kim C, Fromm KM. Sequential Multiple-Target Sensor: In3+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ Discrimination by an Anthracene-Based Probe. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13796-13806. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Finelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Chabert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Hérault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Crochet
- FriMat, Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (SeoulTech), Seoul 139-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Katharina M. Fromm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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23
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Nakano M, Omae K, Tanaka A, Hirata M. Possibility of lung cancer risk in indium-exposed workers: An 11-year multicenter cohort study. J Occup Health 2019; 61:251-256. [PMID: 30895696 PMCID: PMC6499344 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We established a causal relationship between indium exposure and lung interstitial and emphysematous effects. Lung cancer has been clearly demonstrated in rats and mice exposed to indium phosphide and in rats exposed to indium tin oxide. However, no information is available on human indium‐related lung cancer. Methods The baseline studies were conducted on 381 indium‐exposed and 150 referent workers in 11 factories from 2003 to 2006. Items examined included indium concentration in serum (In‐S), occupational history, Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6), chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT), medical history, smoking habits, and subjective symptoms. Subjects received follow‐up health checkups, and a total of 220 indium‐exposed and 26 nonexposed workers were examined at least once with chest HRCT from 2013 to 2018. Results Four lung cancer cases were identified only in indium‐exposed workers. Two were prevalent cases and two were incident cases. The averages (range) of age (years), exposure duration (years), In‐S (μg/L), and KL‐6 (U/mL) at the baseline survey were 58 (50‐74), 1.7 (0.3‐4.8), 3.1 (0.3‐9.7), and 663 (414‐942). The mean (range) latency from initial indium exposure was 5.3 (0.4‐11) years. The HRCT findings in two incident cases were mild interstitial/emphysematous change and mild interstitial change. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of the incident cases was 1.89 (95%CI 0.52‐6.88). Conclusions Although the SIR was not statistically significant, there was an undeniable possibility of indium‐related lung cancer due to the short follow‐up duration being insufficient to disclose lung cancer and the small number of lung cancer cases. Further follow‐up is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Nakano
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Omae
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyo Tanaka
- Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Hirata
- Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Higashikubo I, Arito H, Eitaki Y, Araki A, Ando K, Shimizu H, Sakurai H. Quantitative assessment of occupational exposure to total indium dust in Japanese indium plants. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2018; 56:553-560. [PMID: 30033946 PMCID: PMC6258755 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study quantitatively assessed personal exposure of 86 workers to indium compounds as total dust at 11 Japanese indium plants. The personal exposures to indium concentrations in the breathing zone during an 8 h work-shift were determined by ICP-MS. The arithmetic mean indium concentration of all the workers was 0.098 mg Indium (In)/m3, with individual values ranging from 0.0001 to 1.421 mg In/m3. There were 11 workers whose exposure to indium concentrations exceeded the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) of 0.1 mg In/m3. Based on the condition TLV-TWA<X95 (upper 95th percentile of log-normal distribution), five indium plants were judged as "control measures required", while 3 other plants were evaluated as "control measures not required". Five workers belonging to the worst group were exposed to far higher indium concentrations than the TLV-TWA. Another group of 5 workers belonging to the best group was exposed to far lower indium concentrations than the TLV-TWA, and this was attributed to the stringent engineering control measures used at their workplaces. The quantitative assessment of occupational exposure to indium dust was influenced by different occupational exposure limit values without carcinogenicity and particle size-selectivity of indium particulates or "total" dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Higashikubo
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan
| | - Heihachiro Arito
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan
- The Association of Industrial Health, Japan
| | - Yoko Eitaki
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
| | - Akihiro Araki
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan
| | - Kenji Ando
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan
| | - Hidesuke Shimizu
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sakurai
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan
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25
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Higashikubo I, Arito H, Ando K, Araki A, Shimizu H, Sakurai H. Control banding assessment of workers' exposure to indium and its compounds in 13 Japanese indium plants. J Occup Health 2018; 60:263-270. [PMID: 29563364 PMCID: PMC5985350 DOI: 10.1539/joh.2017-0261-br] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess workers' exposure to indium and its compounds in 55 indium-handling operations among 13 Japanese plants. The surveyed plants were selected from indium-manufacturing plants whose annual indium production exceeded 500 kg. Methods: The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Essentials control banding toolkit, which contains simple scales for hazard levels, quantities in daily use, and "dustiness" characteristics, was used to assess generic risks of indium-handling operations. The operations were then classified into one of four Control Approaches (CAs). Results: There were 35 indium-handling operations classified into CA4 (requires expert advice) and 16 grouped into CA3 (requires containment). There were three operations classified into CA2 (requires engineering controls) and only one into CA1 (requires good general ventilation (GV) and working practices). Of the 51 operations classified as CA4 and CA3, 36 were found to be improperly equipped with local exhaust ventilation, and the remaining 15 operations solely relied on GV practices. Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) used in the 13 indium plants was examined with reference to the recommendations of the COSHH Essentials and Japan's Technical Guidelines. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that stringent engineering control measures and respiratory protection from indium dust are needed to improve indium-handling operations. Our results show that the most common control approach for Japanese indium-handling operations is to require expert advice, including worker health checks for respiratory diseases and exposure measurement by air sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Higashikubo
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Heihachiro Arito
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association.,The Association of Industrial Health
| | - Kenji Ando
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Akihiro Araki
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Hidesuke Shimizu
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Haruhiko Sakurai
- Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
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26
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Tabei Y, Sugino S, Nakajima Y, Horie M. Reactive oxygen species independent genotoxicity of indium tin oxide nanoparticles triggered by intracellular degradation. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:264-271. [PMID: 29772267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used as a transparent conducting electrode in photoelectron devices. Because ITO production has soared, the potential health hazards caused by occupational exposure to this material have attracted much attention. However, little is known about the mechanisms of the toxic action of ITO nanoparticles (NPs). The present study was designed to examine the genotoxic mechanisms of ITO NPs using human lung epithelial A549 cells. We found that exposing A549 cells to ITO NPs triggered the intracellular accumulation of ITO NPs, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the induction of DNA damage. Treatment of the cells with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), an ROS quenching agent, decreased intracellular ROS levels but not DNA damage, indicating that the genotoxic effect of ITO NPs is not mediated by intracellular ROS. Interestingly, treatment with ammonium chloride, a lysosomotropic agent, decreased intracellular solubility of ITO NPs and attenuated DNA damage. Nuclear accumulation of indium ions in ITO-NP-exposed cells was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Our results indicate that the ITO-NP-mediated genotoxicity is caused by indium ions that are solubilized in the acidic lysosomal condition and accumulated in the nucleus where they damage DNA, without the involvement of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tabei
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Sakiko Sugino
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Masanori Horie
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
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27
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Bomhard EM. The toxicology of indium oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:250-258. [PMID: 29448164 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Indium oxide (In2O3) is a technologically important semiconductor essentially used, doped with tin oxide, to form indium tin oxide (ITO). It is poorly soluble in all so far tested physiologic media. After repeated inhalation, In2O3 particles accumulate in the lungs. Their mobilization can cause significant systemic exposure over long periods of time. An increasing number of cases of severe lung effects (characterized by pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, emphysema and/or interstitial fibrosis) in workers of the ITO industry warrants a review of the toxicological hazards also of In2O3. The database on acute and chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity/genotoxicity/reproductive toxicity as well skin/eye irritation and sensitization is very limited or even lacking. Short-term and subchronic inhalation studies in rats and mice revealed persistent alveolar proteinosis, inflammation and early indicators of fibrosis in the lungs down to concentrations of 1 mg/m3. Epidemiological and medical surveillance studies, serum/blood indium levels in workers as well as data on the exposure to airborne indium concentrations indicate a need for measures to reduce exposure at In2O3 workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst M Bomhard
- REAChChemConsult GmbH, Strehlener Str. 14, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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28
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New interplay between interstitial and alveolar macrophages explains pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) induced by indium tin oxide particles. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1349-1361. [PMID: 29484482 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to indium tin oxide (ITO) particles has been associated with the development of severe lung diseases, including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). The mechanisms of this lung toxicity remain unknown. Here, we reveal the respective roles of resident alveolar (Siglec-Fhigh AM) and recruited interstitial (Siglec-Flow IM) macrophages contributing in concert to the development of PAP. In mice treated with ITO particles, PAP is specifically associated with IL-1α (not GM-CSF) deficiency and Siglec-Fhigh AM (not Siglec-Flow IM) depletion. Mechanistically, ITO particles are preferentially phagocytosed and dissolved to soluble In3+ by Siglec-Flow IM. In contrast, Siglec-Fhigh AM weakly phagocytose or dissolve ITO particles, but are sensitive to released In3+ through the expression of the transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1). Blocking pulmonary Siglec-Flow IM recruitment in CCR2-deficient mice reduces ITO particle dissolution, In3+ release, Siglec-Fhigh AM depletion, and PAP formation. Restoration of IL-1-related Siglec-Fhigh AM also prevented ITO-induced PAP. We identified a new mechanism of secondary PAP development according to which metal ions released from inhaled particles by phagocytic IM disturb IL-1α-dependent AM self-maintenance and, in turn, alveolar clearance.
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29
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Afroz T, Hiraku Y, Ma N, Ahmed S, Oikawa S, Kawanishi S, Murata M. Nitrative DNA damage in cultured macrophages exposed to indium oxide. J Occup Health 2017; 60:148-155. [PMID: 29187674 PMCID: PMC5886882 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0146-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Indium compounds are used in manufacturing displays of mobile phones and televisions. However, these materials cause interstitial pneumonia in exposed workers. Animal experiments demonstrated that indium compounds caused lung cancer. Chronic inflammation is considered to play a role in lung carcinogenesis and fibrosis induced by particulate matters. 8-Nitroguanine (8-nitroG) is a mutagenic DNA lesion formed during inflammation and may participate in carcinogenesis. To clarify the mechanism of carcinogenesis, we examined 8-nitroG formation in indium-exposed cultured cells. Methods: We treated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages with indium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles (primary diameter: 30-50 nm), and performed fluorescent immunocytochemistry to detect 8-nitroG. The extent of 8-nitroG formation was evaluated by quantitative image analysis. We measured the amount of nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatant of In2O3-treated cells by the Griess method. We also examined the effects of inhibitors of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and endocytosis on In2O3-induced 8-nitroG formation. Results: In2O3 significantly increased the intensity of 8-nitroG formation in RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In2O3-induced 8-nitroG formation was observed at 2 h and further increased at 4 h, and the amount of NO released from In2O3-exposed cells was significantly increased at 2-4 h compared with the control. 8-NitroG formation was suppressed by 1400W (an iNOS inhibitor), methyl-β-cyclodextrin and monodansylcadaverine (inhibitors of caveolae- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that endocytosis and NO generation participate in indium-induced 8-nitroG formation. NO released from indium-exposed inflammatory cells may induce DNA damage in adjacent lung epithelial cells and contribute to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Afroz
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ning Ma
- Faculty of Nursing, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
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30
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Olgun NS, Morris AM, Barber TL, Stefaniak AB, Kashon ML, Schwegler-Berry D, Cummings KJ, Leonard SS. Comparison of the toxicity of sintered and unsintered indium-tin oxide particles in murine macrophage and epidermal cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:85-93. [PMID: 28552777 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Indium-tin oxide (ITO) is used to produce flat panel displays and several other technology products. Composed of 90% indium oxide (In2O3) and 10% tin oxide (SnO2) by weight, ITO is synthesized under conditions of high heat via a process known as sintering. Indium lung disease, a recently recognized occupational illness, is characterized by pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, fibrosis, and emphysema. Murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and epidermal (JB6) cells stably transfected with AP-1 to study tumor promoting potential, were used to differentiate between the toxicological profiles of sintered ITO (SITO) and unsintered mixture (UITO). We hypothesized that sintering would play a key role in free radical generation and cytotoxicity. Exposure of cells to both UITO and SITO caused a time and dose dependent decrease of the viability of cells. Intracellular ROS generation was inversely related to the dose of both UITO and SITO, a direct reflection of the decreased number of viable RAW 264.7 and JB6/AP-1 cells observed at higher concentrations. Electron spin resonance showed significantly increased hydroxyl radical (OH) generation in cells exposed to UITO compared to SITO. This is different from LDH release, which showed that SITO caused significantly increased damage to the cell membrane compared to UITO. Lastly, the JB6/AP-1 cell line did not show activation of the AP-1 pathway. Our results highlight both the differences in the mechanisms of cytotoxicity and the consistent adverse effects associated with UITO and SITO exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Olgun
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Anna M Morris
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tabatha Lynn Barber
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Aleksandr B Stefaniak
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kristin J Cummings
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephen S Leonard
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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31
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Guha N, Loomis D, Guyton KZ, Grosse Y, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Vilahur N, Muller K, Straif K. Carcinogenicity of welding, molybdenum trioxide, and indium tin oxide. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:581-582. [PMID: 28408286 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neela Guha
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Dana Loomis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Yann Grosse
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Nadia Vilahur
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Karen Muller
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kurt Straif
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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32
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Andersen JCØ, Cropp A, Paradise DC. Solubility of indium-tin oxide in simulated lung and gastric fluids: Pathways for human intake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:628-636. [PMID: 27863865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
From being a metal with very limited natural distribution, indium (In) has recently become disseminated throughout the human society. Little is known of how In compounds behave in the natural environment, but recent medical studies link exposure to In compounds to elevated risk of respiratory disorders. Animal tests suggest that exposure may lead to more widespread damage in the body, notably the liver, kidneys and spleen. In this paper, we investigate the solubility of the most widely used In compound, indium-tin oxide (ITO) in simulated lung and gastric fluids in order to better understand the potential pathways for metals to be introduced into the bloodstream. Our results show significant potential for release of In and tin (Sn) in the deep parts of the lungs (artificial lysosomal fluid) and digestive tract, while the solubility in the upper parts of the lungs (the respiratory tract or tracheobronchial tree) is very low. Our study confirms that ITO is likely to remain as solid particles in the upper parts of the lungs, but that particles are likely to slowly dissolve in the deep lungs. Considering the prolonged residence time of inhaled particles in the deep lung, this environment is likely to provide the major route for uptake of In and Sn from inhaled ITO nano- and microparticles. Although dissolution through digestion may also lead to some uptake, the much shorter residence time is likely to lead to much lower risk of uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alastair Cropp
- Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE Cornwall, United Kingdom.
| | - Diane Caroline Paradise
- Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE Cornwall, United Kingdom.
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33
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Bomhard EM. Particle-induced Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis and Subsequent Inflammation and Fibrosis: A Toxicologic and Pathologic Review. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:389-401. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316688959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review analyzes the published data on cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in workers inhaling crystalline aluminum, indium, silicon, and titanium particles and possible sequelae, that is, inflammation and fibrosis, and compares these findings with those from animal experiments. In inhalation studies in rodents using crystalline indium and gallium compounds, pronounced PAP followed by inflammation and fibrosis down to very low concentration ranges have been reported. Crystalline aluminum, silicon, and titanium compounds also induced comparable pulmonary changes in animals, though at higher exposure levels. Laboratory animal species appear to react to the induction of PAP with varying degrees of sensitivity. The sensitivity of humans to environmental causes of PAP seems to be relatively low. Up to now, no cases of PAP, or other pulmonary diseases in humans, have been described for gallium compounds. However, a hazard potential can be assumed based on the results of animal studies. Specific particle properties, responsible for the induction of PAP and its sequelae, have not been identified. This review provides indications that, both in animal studies and in humans, PAP is not often recognized due to the absence of properly directed investigation or is concealed behind other forms of lung pathology.
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34
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Jp NA, Imanaka M, Suganuma N. Japanese workplace health management in pneumoconiosis prevention. J Occup Health 2016; 59:91-103. [PMID: 27980247 PMCID: PMC5478517 DOI: 10.1539/joh.16-0031-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Japanese government established the Pneumoconiosis Law in 1960 to protect health and promote the welfare of workers engaged in dust-exposed works. This article describes Japanese practice in workplace health management as regulated by the Pneumoconiosis Law to reduce pneumoconiosis in Japan. Methods: We collected information addressing pneumoconiosis and the health care of dust-exposed workers. We included all types of scientific papers found through a PubMed search as well as official reports, guidelines, and relevant laws published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan and other academic institutions. Results: In the past, pneumoconiosis has been a major cause of mortality and morbidity for Japanese workers engaged in dust-exposed work. The Pneumoconiosis Law introduced a system of pneumoconiosis health examination and health supervision to protect workers' health. According to the periodic pneumoconiosis health examination reports in Japan, the prevalence of pneumoconiosis fell from the highest reported figure of 17.4% in 1982, where 265,720 examinations were conducted, to 1% in 2013 in which 243,740 workers were examined. The number of new cases of pneumoconiosis dropped from 6,842 cases in 1980 to 227 cases in 2013. One hundred and seventy two workers were diagnosed as having pneumoconiosis complications in 1980; however, the number fell to five in 2013. Conclusion: After reaching its peak in the 1980s, pneumoconiosis and its complications fell each year. The achievement of Japanese pneumoconiosis prevention can be credited to a comprehensive provision for worker health, regulated by a thorough legal framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naw Awn Jp
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University
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Nakano M, Tanaka A, Hirata M, Kumazoe H, Wakamatsu K, Kamada D, Omae K. An advanced case of indium lung disease with progressive emphysema. J Occup Health 2016; 58:477-481. [PMID: 27488043 PMCID: PMC5356982 DOI: 10.1539/joh.16-0076-cs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To report the occurrence of an advanced case of indium lung disease with severely progressive emphysema in an indium-exposed worker. Case report: A healthy 42-year-old male smoker was employed to primarily grind indium-tin oxide (ITO) target plates, exposing him to indium for 9 years (1998-2008). In 2004, an epidemiological study was conducted on indium-exposed workers at the factory in which he worked. The subject's serum indium concentration (In-S) was 99.7 μg/l, while his serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 level was 2,350 U/ml. Pulmonary function tests showed forced vital capacity (FVC) of 4.17 l (91.5% of the JRS predicted value), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 3.19 l (80.8% of predicted), and an FEV1-to-FVC ratio of 76.5%. A high-resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) scan showed mild interlobular septal thickening and mild emphysematous changes. In 2008, he was transferred from the ITO grinding workplace to an inspection work section, where indium concentrations in total dusts had a range of 0.001-0.002 mg/m3. In 2009, the subject's In-S had increased to 132.1 μg/l, and pulmonary function tests revealed obstructive changes. In addition, HRCT scan showed clear evidence of progressive lung destruction with accompanying severe centrilobular emphysema and interlobular septal thickening in both lung fields. The subject's condition gradually worsened, and in 2015, he was registered with the Japan Organ Transplant Network for lung transplantation (LTx). Conclusions: Heavy indium exposure is a risk factor for emphysema, which can lead to a severity level that requires LTx as the final therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Nakano
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University
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Bomhard EM. The toxicology of indium tin oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:282-294. [PMID: 27343753 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a technologically important semiconductor. An increasing number of cases of severe lung effects (characterized by pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and/or interstitial fibrosis) in ITO-exposed workers warrants a review of the toxicological hazards. Short- and long-term inhalation studies in rats and mice revealed persistent alveolar proteinosis, inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs down to concentrations as low as 0.01mg/m(3). In rats, the incidences of bronchiolo-alveolar adenomas and carcinomas were significantly increased at all concentrations. In mice, ITO was not carcinogenic. A few bronchiolo-alveolar adenomas occurring after repeated intratracheal instillation of ITO to hamsters have to be interpreted as treatment-related. In vitro and in vivo studies on the formation of reactive oxygen species suggest epigenetic effects as cause of the lung tumor development. Repeated intratracheal instillation of ITO to hamsters slightly affected the male sexual organs, which might be interpreted as a secondary effect of the lung damage. Epidemiological and medical surveillance studies, serum/blood indium levels in workers as well as data on the exposure to airborne indium concentrations indicate a need for measures to reduce exposure at ITO workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst M Bomhard
- REACh ChemConsult GmbH, Strehlener Str. 14, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Noguchi S, Eitoku M, Kiyosawa H, Suganuma N. Fibrotic gene expression coexists with alveolar proteinosis in early indium lung. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:421-8. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1193573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Noguchi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kiyosawa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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Elango G, Roopan SM. Efficacy of SnO 2 nanoparticles toward photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 155:34-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Roopan SM, Palaniraja J, Elango G, Arunachalam P, Sudhakaran R. Catalytic application of non-toxic Persia americana metabolite entrapped SnO2nanoparticles towards the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroacridin-1(2H)-ones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25975d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesized green SnO2NPs were utilized in organic synthesis. Catalytic application was explored to synthesize 3,4-dihydroacridin-1(2H)-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore
| | - Jeyakannu Palaniraja
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore
| | - Ganesh Elango
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore
| | - Prabhakarn Arunachalam
- Electrochemistry Research Group
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - R. Sudhakaran
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences
- School of Bio-Sciences & Technology
- VIT University
- Vellore 632014
- India
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40
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Liu HH, Chen CY, Lan CH, Chang CP, Peng CY. Effects of a powered air-purifying respirator intervention on indium exposure reduction and indium related biomarkers among ITO sputter target manufacturing workers. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2016; 13:346-355. [PMID: 26771526 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1125487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) worn by the workers, and to investigate the effect of this application on exposure and preclinical effects in terms of workplace measuring and biomarker monitoring in ITO sputter target manufacturing plants and workers, respectively. Fifty-four workers were recruited and investigated from 2010-2012, during which PAPRs were provided to on-site workers in September 2011. Each worker completed questionnaires and provided blood and urine samples for analysis of biomarkers of indium exposure and preclinical effects. Area and personal indium air samples were randomly collected from selected worksites and from participants. The penetration percentage of the respirator (concentration inside respirator divided by concentration outside respirator) was 6.6%. Some biomarkers, such as S-In, SOD, GPx, GST, MDA, and TMOM, reflected the decrease in exposure and showed lower levels, after implementation of PAPRs. This study is the first to investigate the efficacy of PAPRs for reducing indium exposure. The measurement results clearly showed that the implementation of PAPRs reduces levels of indium-related biomarkers. These findings have practical applications for minimizing occupational exposure to indium and for managing the health of workers exposed to indium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsin Liu
- a Department of Occupational Safety and Health , Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yuh Chen
- b Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hang Lan
- c Department of Occupational Safety and Health , Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Chang
- d Department of Occupational Safety and Health , Chang Jung Christian University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yu Peng
- e Department of Public Health , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- f Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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41
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Lee KH, Chen HL, Leung CM, Chen HP, Hsu PC. Indium acetate toxicity in male reproductive system in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:68-76. [PMID: 25044390 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Indium, a rare earth metal characterized by high plasticity, corrosion resistance, and a low melting point, is widely used in the electronics industry, but has been reported to be an environmental pollutant and a health hazard. We designed a study to investigate the effects of subacute exposure of indium compounds on male reproductive function. Twelve-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into test and control groups, and received weekly intraperitoneal injections of indium acetate (1.5 mg/kg body weight) and normal saline, respectively, for 8 weeks. Serum indium levels, cauda epididymal sperm count, motility, morphology, chromatin DNA structure, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, and testis DNA content were investigated. The indium acetate-treated group showed significant reproductive toxicity, as well as an increased percentage of sperm morphology abnormality, chromatin integrity damage, and superoxide anion generation. Furthermore, positive correlations among sperm morphology abnormalities, chromatin DNA damage, and superoxide anion generation were also noted. The results of this study demonstrated the toxic effect of subacute low-dose indium exposure during the period of sexual maturation on male reproductive function in adulthood, through an increase in oxidative stress and sperm chromatin DNA damage during spermiogenesis, in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Hazard Prevention, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Man Leung
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
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42
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Nakano M, Tanaka A, Hirata M, Iwasawa S, Omae K. Pulmonary effects in workers exposed to indium metal: A cross‐sectional study. J Occup Health 2015; 57:346-52. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.14-0262-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Nakano
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthKeio University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Akiyo Tanaka
- Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityJapan
| | - Miyuki Hirata
- Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityJapan
| | - Satoko Iwasawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthKeio University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Omae
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthKeio University School of MedicineJapan
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43
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Tanaka A, Hirata M, Matsumura N, Kiyohara Y. Tissue distribution of indium after repeated intratracheal instillations of indium‐tin oxide into the lungs of hamsters. J Occup Health 2015; 57:189-92. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.14-0123-br] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Tanaka
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityJapan
| | - Miyuki Hirata
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityJapan
| | - Nagisa Matsumura
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityJapan
| | - Yutaka Kiyohara
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityJapan
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44
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Ciğerci İH, Liman R, Özgül E, Konuk M. Genotoxicity of indium tin oxide by Allium and Comet tests. Cytotechnology 2015; 67:157-63. [PMID: 24337653 PMCID: PMC4294836 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic effects of indium tin oxide (ITO) were investigated on root cells of Allium cepa by employing both Allium and Comet assays. A. cepa roots were treated with the aqueous dispersions of ITO at 5 different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) for 4 h. Exposure of ITO significantly increased mitotic index, and total chromosomal aberrations by the Allium test. While chromosome laggards, stickiness, disturbed anaphase-telophase and anaphase bridges were observed in anaphase-telophase cells, c-metaphase and binuclear cells were observed in other cells. A significant increase in DNA damage was also observed at all concentrations of ITO by the Comet assay. These results indicate that ITO exhibits genotoxic activity in A. cepa root meristematic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- />Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyon, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- />Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300 Uşak, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgül
- />Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyon, Turkey
| | - Muhsin Konuk
- />Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Altunizade, 34662 Istanbul, Turkey
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46
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Gwinn WM, Qu W, Bousquet RW, Price H, Shines CJ, Taylor GJ, Waalkes MP, Morgan DL. Macrophage solubilization and cytotoxicity of indium-containing particles as in vitro correlates to pulmonary toxicity in vivo. Toxicol Sci 2014; 144:17-26. [PMID: 25527823 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-solubilized indium-containing particles (ICPs) were previously shown in vitro to be cytotoxic. In this study, we compared macrophage solubilization and cytotoxicity of indium phosphide (InP) and indium-tin oxide (ITO) with similar particle diameters (∼ 1.5 µm) and then determined if relative differences in these in vitro parameters correlated with pulmonary toxicity in vivo. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with InP or ITO particles and cytotoxicity was assayed at 24 h. Ionic indium was measured in 24 h culture supernatants. Macrophage cytotoxicity and particle solubilization in vitro were much greater for InP compared with ITO. To correlate changes in vivo, B6C3F1 mice were treated with InP or ITO by oropharyngeal aspiration. On Days 14 and 28, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pleural lavage (PL) fluids were collected and assayed for total leukocytes. Cell differentials, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and protein levels were also measured in BAL. All lavage parameters were greatly increased in mice treated with InP compared with ITO. These data suggest that macrophage solubilization and cytotoxicity of some ICPs in vitro are capable of predicting pulmonary toxicity in vivo. In addition, these differences in toxicity were observed despite the two particulate compounds containing similar amounts of indium suggesting that solubilization, not total indium content, better reflects the toxic potential of some ICPs. Soluble InCl3 was shown to be more cytotoxic than InP to macrophages and lung epithelial cells in vitro further suggesting that ionic indium is the primary cytotoxic component of InP.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Gwinn
- *NTP Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; and Alion Science and Technology Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Wei Qu
- *NTP Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; and Alion Science and Technology Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Ronald W Bousquet
- *NTP Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; and Alion Science and Technology Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Herman Price
- *NTP Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; and Alion Science and Technology Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Cassandra J Shines
- *NTP Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; and Alion Science and Technology Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Genie J Taylor
- *NTP Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; and Alion Science and Technology Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Michael P Waalkes
- *NTP Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; and Alion Science and Technology Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Daniel L Morgan
- *NTP Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; and Alion Science and Technology Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Nakano M, Omae K, Uchida K, Michikawa T, Yoshioka N, Hirata M, Tanaka A. Five-Year Cohort Study. Chest 2014; 146:1166-1175. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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48
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Tanaka A, Hirata M. [Health effects of solar cell component material. Toxicity of indium compounds to laboratory animals determined by intratracheal instillations]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2014; 68:83-7. [PMID: 23718969 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.68.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing interest being paid to the issue of the global environment, the production of solar cells has increased rapidly in recent years. Copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) is a new efficient thin film used in some types of solar cell. Indium is a constitutive element of CIGS thin-film solar cells. It was thought that indium compounds were not harmful until the beginning of the 1990s because there was little information regarding the adverse health effects on humans or animals arising from exposure to indium compounds. After the mid-1990s, data became available indicating that indium compounds can be toxic to animals. In animal studies, it has been clearly demonstrated that indium compounds cause pulmonary toxicity and that the dissolution of indium compounds in the lungs is considerably slow, as shown by repeated intratracheal instillations in experimental animals. Thus, it is necessary to pay much greater attention to human exposure to indium compounds, and precautions against possible exposure to indium compounds are paramount with regard to health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Tanaka
- Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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49
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Levine KE, Han L, Gwinn WM, Morgan DL, Ross GT, Essader AS, Fernando RA, Haines LG, Robinson VG. Development and Optimization of a Procedure for the Determination of Indium-Tin Oxide Particle Size and Concentration in Cellular Media. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.878841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Lim CH, Han JH, Cho HW, Kang M. Studies on the toxicity and distribution of indium compounds according to particle size in sprague-dawley rats. Toxicol Res 2014; 30:55-63. [PMID: 24795801 PMCID: PMC4007045 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2014.30.1.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of indium compounds, especially those of small size, for the production of semiconductors, liquid-crystal panels, etc., has increased recently. However, the role of particle size or the chemical composition of indium compounds in their toxicity and distribution in the body has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of particle size and the chemical composition of indium compounds on their toxicity and distribution. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to two different-sized indium oxides (average particle sizes under 4,000 nm [IO_4000] and 100 nm [IO_100]) and one nano-sized indium-tin oxide (ITO; average particle size less than 50 nm) by inhalation for 6 hr daily, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks at approximately 1 mg/m(3) of indium by mass concentration. RESULTS We observed differences in lung weights and histopathological findings, differential cell counts, and cell damage indicators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid between the normal control group and IO- or ITO-exposed groups. However, only ITO affected respiratory functions in exposed rats. Overall, the toxicity of ITO was much higher than that of IOs; the toxicity of IO_4000 was higher than that of IO_100. A 4-week recovery period was not sufficient to alleviate the toxic effects of IO and ITO exposure. Inhaled indium was mainly deposited in the lungs. ITO in the lungs was removed more slowly than IOs; IO_4000 was removed faster than IO_100. IOs were not distributed to other organs (i.e., the brain, liver, and spleen), whereas ITO was. Concentrations of indium in the blood and organ tissues were higher at 4 weeks after exposure. CONCLUSIONS The effect of particle size on the toxicity of indium compounds was not clear, whereas chemical composition clearly affected toxicity; ITO showed much higher toxicity than that of IO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Hong Lim
- Toxicity Research Team, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Exporo, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Han
- Toxicity Research Team, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Exporo, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hae-Won Cho
- Toxicity Research Team, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Exporo, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Toxicity Research Team, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Exporo, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Korea
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