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Min EJ, Park E, Park JB. Milk Consumption and Its Association with Dental Caries: Gender-Specific Insights from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015). MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:967. [PMID: 38929584 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aims to bridge these gaps by utilizing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015), examining the nuanced associations between milk consumption's quantity, frequency, and type and the prevalence of dental caries. Materials and Methods: Utilizing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015), this study explores the association between milk consumption and the prevalence of dental caries in a sample of 4843 subjects (weighted n = 15,581), including 2856 males and 1987 females; weighted sample sizes were 6656 and 8925 for men and women, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed by evaluating the number of decayed, filled, and missing teeth. Results: The analysis demonstrated a significant positive association between increased milk consumption and the risk of developing dental caries, with an overall odds ratio of 1.653 (95% CI: 1.153-2.370, p < 0.05). The association was more pronounced in females, exhibiting an odds ratio of 1.865 (95% CI: 1.157-3.006, p < 0.05), and age was identified as a significant variable, particularly among participants aged 50 and above. In contrast, the relationship among the male group, though positive (odds ratio: 1.613, 95% CI: 0.991-2.625), was not statistically significant (p = 0.054). Conclusion: These findings suggest that milk consumption may be a potential risk indicator for dental caries, particularly among women, emphasizing the need for targeted dietary recommendations in dental health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Min
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - EunKyung Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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2
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Marshall TA, Touger-Decker R. Oral health and multimorbidity: is diet the chicken or the egg? Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38742385 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Oral health is a critical component of overall health and well-being, not just the absence of disease. The objective of this review paper is to describe relationships among diet, nutrition and oral and systemic diseases that contribute to multimorbidity. Diet- and nutrient-related risk factors for oral diseases include high intakes of free sugars, low intakes of fruits and vegetables and nutrient-poor diets which are similar to diet- and nutrient-related risk factors for systemic diseases. Oral diseases are chronic diseases. Once the disease process is initiated, it persists throughout the lifespan. Pain and tissue loss from oral disease leads to oral dysfunction which contributes to impaired biting, chewing, oral motility and swallowing. Oral dysfunction makes it difficult to eat nutrient-dense whole grains, fruits and vegetables associated with a healthy diet. Early childhood caries (ECC) associated with frequent intake of free sugars is one of the first manifestations of oral disease. The presence of ECC is our 'canary in the coal mine' for diet-related chronic diseases. The dietary sugars causing ECC are not complementary to an Eatwell Guide compliant diet, but rather consistent with a diet high in energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods - typically ultra-processed in nature. This diet generally deteriorates throughout childhood, adolescence and adulthood increasing the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Recognition of ECC is an opportunity to intervene and disrupt the pathway to multimorbidities. Disruption of this pathway will reduce the risk of multimorbidities and enable individuals to fully engage in society throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Riva Touger-Decker
- School of Health Professions & Division of Nutrition, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University, Newark, NJ, USA
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3
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Melough M, Sathyanarayana S, Zohoori F, Gustafsson H, Sullivan E, Chi D, Levy S, McKinney C. Impact of Fluoride on Associations between Free Sugars Intake and Dental Caries in US Children. JDR Clin Trans Res 2023; 8:215-223. [PMID: 35446163 PMCID: PMC10404899 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221093038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease in US children, with the highest burden among Black and Hispanic youth. Sugars are a primary risk factor, but few studies have specifically measured intakes of free sugars and related this to dental caries or explored the extent to which water fluoride mitigates the cariogenicity of free sugars. Furthermore, the cariogenicity of certain free sugars sources, such as extruded fruit and vegetable products, is unclear. METHODS Using cross-sectional data on 4,906 children aged 2 to 19 y in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016, we examined associations of free sugars intake with counts of decayed or filled primary tooth surfaces (dfs) and decayed, missing, or filled permanent surfaces (DMFS) in negative binomial regressions. Stratified models examined these associations in children with home water fluoride above or below the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended level of 0.7 ppm. RESULTS Free sugars accounted for 16.4% of energy, primarily contributed by added sugars. In adjusted models, a doubling in the percentage of energy from free sugars was associated with 22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%-47%) greater dfs among children aged 2 to 8. A doubling in energy from added sugars was associated with 20% (95% CI, 1%-42%) greater dfs and 10% (95% CI, 2%-20%) greater DMFS in children aged 6 to 19 y. Beverages were the most important source of added sugars associated with increased caries. Other free sugars were not associated with dfs or DMFS. Associations between free sugars and caries were diminished among children with home water fluoride of 0.7 ppm or greater. CONCLUSIONS Free sugars intake, especially in the form of added sugars and specifically in sweetened beverages, was associated with higher dental caries. Water fluoride exposures modify these associations, reducing caries risk in the primary dentition of children whose home water meets recommended fluoride levels. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Intake of free sugars, especially in the form of added sugars and specifically in beverages, was associated with higher dental caries in US children in this study. Water fluoride exposure at CDC-recommended levels protected against caries, especially in the primary dentition. These findings suggest that household water fluoridation at CDC-recommended levels protects against the cariogenic potential of free and added sugars during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Melough
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S. Sathyanarayana
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F.V. Zohoori
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - H.C. Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - E.L. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - D.L. Chi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S.M. Levy
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C.M. McKinney
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Alqarni AS, AlGomaiah MA, AlEdaili EA, Algamaiah H. Assessment of Erosive Effect of Various Beverages on Esthetic Restorative Materials Used in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:473-476. [PMID: 37622625 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the erosive impact of various beverages on the esthetic restorative materials utilized in primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty primary molars indicated for serial extraction or over-retention reason with sound buccal surfaces were collected. One millimeter above the cemento-enamel junction, standard Class V cavities were prepared. Following cavity preparation, all teeth were randomly assigned (20 samples per group for each beverage) to one of the three experimental groups based on the type of filling materials: group I: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GC), group II: nanocomposite resin and group III nanohybrid ormocer-based composite. The samples were kept suspended in various containers containing 250 mL of each orange juice and cola at a temperature of 37°C for three hours per day and rest of day in distilled water. This procedure was repeated for 15 days. Using a 3D optical profilometer, a profilometric reading was recorded for each specimen. RESULTS The minimum surface roughness was found in nanohybrid ormocer‑based composite (1.816 ± 0.16 and 1.302 ± 0.08) followed by resin-modified glass ionomer cement (3.101 ± 0.12 and 2.946 ± 0.09) and nanocomposite resin (5.242 ± 0.20 and 4.488 ± 0.16) after immersed in the cola and orange juice, respectively. And there was a statistically significant difference found between the different esthetic restorative materials in both media. CONCLUSION On conclusion, the current investigation demonstrates that when exposed to both beverages, the erosive effect was much lesser in nanohybrid ormocer-based composite, followed by resin-modified glass ionomer cement and nanocomposite resin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Consuming high-calorie, low pH acidic foods and beverages such as carbonated beverages and fruit juices can lead to erosion, a frequent condition that results in irreparable damage to dental hard tissues and early deterioration of dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel S Alqarni
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966557925095, e-mail:
| | - Muadh A AlGomaiah
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtsam Abdullah AlEdaili
- Completion of training certificate in Pediatric Dentistry, Hail Health Cluster, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Algamaiah
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cheng K, She P, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang L, Tang X, Yuan L, Feng Y, Song X, Pan G, Yang J, Liu L. A bio-inspired versatile free-standing membrane for oral cavity microenvironmental monitoring and remineralization to prevent dental caries. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:512-523. [PMID: 36416286 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fast monitoring of oral bacterial infection, bacterial clearance and repairing of enamel damage caused by dental caries relies on an effective way of monitoring, killing and repairing in situ, but presents a major challenge in oral healthcare. Herein, we developed a bio-inspired versatile free-standing membrane by filling TiO2 nanotube arrays with β-sheet-rich silk fibroin and cleaving them from Ti foil, as inspired by nacre or enamel-like structures. The robust transparent membrane exhibited good mechanical properties, and could indicate acid-base microenvironment variation and the infection of S. mutans in a 5 min test by loading cyanidin cations in the membrane. Meanwhile, it can be used for photocatalysis and nanoreservoirs ascribed to TiO2 nanotubes, to kill and remove 99% of S. mutans bacteria under interval UV irradiation with low-power density, and load functional peptide to induce the remineralization on the etched-enamel for long-term treatment, tested in vitro and in vivo. The mechanical property of repaired enamel is improved in comparison. This bio-inspired constructed membrane would be applied in the prevention and treatment of oral cavity related diseases, such as enamel demineralization and dental caries, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Peng She
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zengkai Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Xu Tang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Liang Yuan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Yonghai Feng
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Xiaolu Song
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Materials science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Orlova E, Dudding T, Chernus JM, Alotaibi RN, Haworth S, Crout RJ, Lee MK, Mukhopadhyay N, Feingold E, Levy SM, McNeil DW, Foxman B, Weyant RJ, Timpson NJ, Marazita ML, Shaffer JR. Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies and Transcriptome-Wide Association Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:59. [PMID: 36672800 PMCID: PMC9858612 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although genetics affects early childhood caries (ECC) risk, few studies have focused on finding its specific genetic determinants. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in five cohorts of children (aged up to 5 years, total N = 2974, cohorts: Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia cohorts one and two [COHRA1, COHRA2], Iowa Fluoride Study, Iowa Head Start, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC]) aiming to identify genes with potential roles in ECC biology. We meta-analyzed the GWASs testing ~3.9 million genetic variants and found suggestive evidence for association at genetic regions previously associated with caries in primary and permanent dentition, including the β-defensin anti-microbial proteins. We then integrated the meta-analysis results with gene expression data in a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS). This approach identified four genes whose genetically predicted expression was associated with ECC (p-values < 3.09 × 10−6; CDH17, TAS2R43, SMIM10L1, TAS2R14). Some of the strongest associations were with genes encoding members of the bitter taste receptor family (TAS2R); other members of this family have previously been associated with caries. Of note, we identified the receptor encoded by TAS2R14, which stimulates innate immunity and anti-microbial defense in response to molecules released by the cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings provide insight into ECC genetic architecture, underscore the importance of host-microbial interaction in caries risk, and identify novel risk genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Orlova
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Tom Dudding
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Chernus
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Rasha N. Alotaibi
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon Haworth
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Richard J. Crout
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nandita Mukhopadhyay
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Steven M. Levy
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Daniel W. McNeil
- Department of Psychology & Department of Dental Public Health and Professional Practice, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert J. Weyant
- Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Tanthanuch S, Kukiattrakoon B, Thongsroi T, Saesaw P, Pongpaiboon N, Saewong S. In vitro surface and color changes of tooth-colored restorative materials after sport and energy drink cyclic immersions. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:578. [PMID: 36494665 PMCID: PMC9733074 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has not been any research conducted on surface properties and color changes from sport and energy drinks on bulk-fill resin composite, nanohybrid resin composite and glass ionomer restorative material. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of sport and energy drinks on surface hardness, roughness and color changes of bulk-fill resin composite, nanohybrid resin composite and glass ionomer restorative material, and to also evaluate the acidity and titratable acidity of the drinks. METHODS One hundred and forty-seven specimens of each tooth-colored restorative material were prepared in a polytetrafluoroethylene mold (10 mm. in diameter and 2 mm. in thickness). Before immersion, baseline data of hardness, roughness, and color value were recorded. Each material was divided into 3 groups for sport drink, energy drink, and deionized water (serving as a control). The specimens were immersed in a storage agent for 5 s, then in artificial saliva for 5 s alternately for 24 cycles, and then stored in artificial saliva for 24 h. The immersion cycle was repeated for 14 days and hardness, roughness and color values were measured at 7 and 14 days. RESULTS After immersion, the glass ionomer restorative material had statistically less hardness, more roughness and more color changes than the others (P < 0.05). Energy drink groups statistically caused more surface and color changes than sport drink groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sport and energy drinks affected hardness, roughness, and color changes in all the tooth-colored restorative materials evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijai Tanthanuch
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
| | - Boonlert Kukiattrakoon
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
| | - Thanyathorn Thongsroi
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
| | - Premkamol Saesaw
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
| | - Naphat Pongpaiboon
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
| | - Supharadee Saewong
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
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8
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Toh JR, Wooi N, Tan SN, Wong K, Lopez-Silva C, Zafar S. Association between lack of dental service utilisation and caregiver-reported caries in Australian Indigenous children: A national survey. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:2218-2224. [PMID: 36082587 PMCID: PMC10087467 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between the lack of dental service utilisation and dental caries in Australian Indigenous children. METHODS Data from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children, which is a longitudinal population-based cross-sectional study in Australia were analysed. A total of 1258 children were included, consisting of the baby cohort and the child cohort at Wave 7. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between caregiver-reported child dental caries and dental service utilisation. Multiple imputation using the fully conditional specifications approach was used to account for missing data. RESULTS Around one tenth (12.3%) of Indigenous children did not see a dentist when required. Lack of dental service utilisation was associated with an increased likelihood of caregiver-reported dental caries (odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-3.8) and teeth removed due to dental caries (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.7). These associations remained after adjusting for confounders (caregiver-reported dental caries OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-3.8; teeth removed due to dental caries OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0-4.4). The reasons reported for not utilising dental services when required were the lack of an available dentist (31.4%), difficulties with physical access (19.8%), long waiting times (13.9%), financial issues with cost (5.8%) and feeling that 'they could cope' (4.6%). CONCLUSIONS Lack of dental service utilisation was associated with dental caries and extraction due to caries in Australian Indigenous children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia R Toh
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadine Wooi
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Si N Tan
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kingsley Wong
- Child Disability, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Claudia Lopez-Silva
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sobia Zafar
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Rousham EK, Goudet S, Markey O, Griffiths P, Boxer B, Carroll C, Petherick ES, Pradeilles R. Unhealthy Food and Beverage Consumption in Children and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1669-1696. [PMID: 35362512 PMCID: PMC9526862 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This WHO-commissioned review contributed to the update of complementary feeding recommendations, synthesizing evidence on effects of unhealthy food and beverage consumption in children on overweight and obesity. We searched PubMed (Medline), Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase for articles, irrespective of language or geography. Inclusion criteria were: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, cohort studies, and pre/post studies with control; 2) participants aged ≤10.9 y at exposure; 3) studies reporting greater consumption of unhealthy foods/beverages compared with no or low consumption; 4) studies assessing anthropometric and/or body composition; and 5) publication date ≥1971. Unhealthy foods and beverages were defined using nutrient- and food-based approaches. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I (risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions version I) and RoB2 [Cochrane RoB (version 2)] tools for nonrandomized and randomized studies, respectively. Narrative synthesis was complemented by meta-analyses where appropriate. Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Of 26,542 identified citations, 60 studies from 71 articles were included. Most studies were observational (59/60), and no included studies were from low-income countries. The evidence base was low quality, as assessed by ROBINS-I and RoB2 tools. Evidence synthesis was limited by the different interventions and comparators across studies. Evidence indicated that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and unhealthy foods in childhood may increase BMI/BMI z-score, percentage body fat, or odds of overweight/obesity (low certainty of evidence). Artificially sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juice consumption make little/no difference to BMI, percentage body fat, or overweight/obesity outcomes (low certainty of evidence). Meta-analyses of a subset of studies indicated a positive association between SSB intake and percentage body fat, but no association with change in BMI and BMI z-score. High-quality epidemiological studies that are designed to assess the effects of unhealthy food consumption during childhood on risk of overweight/obesity are needed to contribute to a more robust evidence base upon which to design policy recommendations. This protocol was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42020218109.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Rousham
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - S Goudet
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - O Markey
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - P Griffiths
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - B Boxer
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - C Carroll
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - E S Petherick
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - R Pradeilles
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Nouraei N, Sabbah W. Health-risk behaviours co-occur among children with untreated caries. Int J Dent Hyg 2022. [PMID: 35922901 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine whether an aggregate of health risk behaviours is associated with the number of untreated dental caries among 12- and 15-year-old children in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were from the Children's Dental Health Survey (CDHS) 2013, a nationally representative sample of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The survey included assessment of oral health and data on socioeconomic, demographic and behavioural factors pertaining to children aged 12-15 years. Tooth condition (decayed, missing and filled) was assessed by NHS dentists. The survey included questions on age, sex, country, index of multiple deprivation, smoking, alcohol consumption, frequent sugar consumption and sweetened sodas, infrequent dental visit, infrequent toothbrushing and infrequent consumption of fresh fruits. Health risk behaviours were summed up to create an aggregate variable of health risk behaviour. The association between number of untreated caries and the aggregate of health risk behaviours was assessed using negative binomial regression and adjusting for age, sex, country and deprivation. RESULTS The total number of children included in the analysis was 4414. The mean number of untreated caries was generally higher among children with health risk behaviours. The aggregate of risk behaviour was associated with greater prevalence of untreated dental caries with rate ratio (RR) 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.36). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an association between an aggregate of health risk behaviours and untreated caries. The findings highlight the importance of addressing multiple risk factors not only those directly related to dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Nouraei
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Assessment of Potential Benefits of Functional Food Characteristics of Beetroot Energy Drink and Flavored Milk. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1971018. [PMID: 35342761 PMCID: PMC8947884 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1971018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracts of beetroot by using beetroot energy drink and flavored milk (products). Material & Methods. This experimental trial was conducted at Jinnah University for Women, Pakistan, under the approval of local institutional review board number JUW/DFST/RCB010/2020. All the materials such as beetroot, carrot, cucumber, and lemon were obtained commercially from which two products were formulated: beetroot energy drink (sample1) and flavored milk (sample 2). These formulated products were evaluated for quality analysis (pH and brix), phytochemical screening using the Keller-Kiliani test, Salkowski's test, Alkaline reagent test, lead acetate test, ferric chloride test, protein test, quantitative test of phenol, antioxidant activity, sensory analysis, and shelf life study. The paired t-test was applied to detect significant differences between two samples. Results The phytochemical analysis revealed that cardiac glycosides, phytosterol, flavonoids, and terpenoids were found in both energy booster drink (EBD) and flavored milk (FM) except phenolic compounds that were found only in EBD. The antioxidant capacity of beetroot juice was far greater than FM. The statistical sensorial analysis of FM and EBD reported a significant mean difference between most of the groups with p < 0.0001. Conclusion This study concludes that energy drinks having beetroot indicated higher antioxidant capacity than flavored milk. The nutraceutical products (energy booster drink and flavored milk) containing beetroot are enriched with optimum quantities of proteins and fats and low carbohydrates at a stable pH with an adequate total energy content.
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Elstein JG, Lowery CM, Sangoi P, Peterhans A, Bleich SN, Lawman HG, Roberto CA. Analysis of Public Testimony About Philadelphia's Sweetened Beverage Tax. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:e178-e187. [PMID: 34753646 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although interest in beverage taxes has increased in recent years, industry opposition and other challenges have limited their spread in the U.S. Because beverage tax proposals are often unsuccessful, there is limited empirical evidence to inform advocacy efforts. Philadelphia's 1.5 cent-per-ounce tax on sweetened beverages provides an opportunity to understand how public testimony for and against the tax was framed in a city that ultimately passed the policy. METHODS A content analysis of all public testimony about the beverage tax presented to the Philadelphia City Council in 2016 was conducted. Testimonies were coded for policy stance (protax or antitax), speaker type, and specific protax or antitax arguments. Quantitative data were analyzed in 2018-2019 using chi-square tests. RESULTS A total of 177 unique testimonies were identified, which included 40 protax arguments (grouped into 11 themes) and 31 antitax arguments (grouped into 10 themes). Most testimonies were delivered orally, and most speakers argued in favor of the tax (58%). Among tax supporters, funding early childhood education was the most common argument (71%), whereas tax opponents most frequently argued that sugar-sweetened beverages were the wrong target for the tax (50%). CONCLUSIONS This analysis of public testimony revealed that protax advocacy efforts highlighted the revenue benefits for early childhood education and community infrastructure rather than the tax's potential to reduce sweetened beverage consumption and improve health. By contrast, antitax arguments centered on the unfairness of targeting a single industry, potential negative economic impacts, and the perceived lack of evidence that the tax would influence consumer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette G Elstein
- Department of Medical Ethics & Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Caitlin M Lowery
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Puja Sangoi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ana Peterhans
- Department of Medical Ethics & Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara N Bleich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah G Lawman
- Division of Chronic Disease Prevention, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina A Roberto
- Department of Medical Ethics & Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Dietary Determinants of Dental Caries Prevalence and Experience in Saudi Schoolchildren: Frequency versus Quantity. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:5447723. [PMID: 35027880 PMCID: PMC8752266 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5447723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sugar-added diet has been associated with increased risk of developing dental caries. Objective To investigate the dietary determinants of caries prevalence and experience based on the frequency versus the quantity of consumption among Saudi schoolchildren. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that invited 12- to 15-year-old intermediate school students (N = 3000) in four cities in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data collection comprised a pretested questionnaire and clinical examination. Caries was diagnosed based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and was recorded as a decayed, missing, filled tooth (DMFT). The questionnaire included questions regarding the consumption of different quantities and frequencies of multiple sugar-containing food items. Multiple logistic and linear regression models were used to assess the influence of sugar-containing food on the dental caries experience (DMFT) and prevalence of decayed teeth. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data at 5% significance level. Results Of 3000 invited students, 2262 participated with a participation rate of 75.4%. Our study found that the frequency of soft drink consumption was significantly associated with increased caries prevalence (adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.07–1.65) and experience (adjusted B = 0.46, 95% CI 0.16–0.76). The frequency of consumption of fruit juice was statistically significantly associated with increased caries experience (adjusted B = 0.48, 95% CI 0.16–0.79). The interaction terms between the frequency and the quantity of consumption of energy drinks, soft drinks, and sweetened milk were statistically significantly related to caries experience and prevalence. Conclusion Although the frequency of consumption of sugar-containing drinks was more associated with caries experience and prevalence, the interaction between frequency and quantity was highly related to the prevalence and experience of dental caries.
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Rela R, Raj A, Kashyap S, Kundra K, Kandari S, Naz F. Correlation between BMI, caries prevalence, and sugar-containing beverage intake in 6-10 year old children. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S991-S994. [PMID: 36110683 PMCID: PMC9469329 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_814_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The beverages containing sugar are proven risk factors for obesity and dental caries. Therefore, owing to the shared risk factors, an interrelationship is suspected between BMI, sugar beverage consumption, and dental caries in children. Aims: The present trial was carried out to assess the interrelationship between BMI, sugar beverage consumption, and dental caries in children aged 6–10 years. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six children within the age range of 6–10 years answered the health questionnaire. The BMI was calculated, intra-oral assessment was done, the frequency of sweetened beverage consumption was recorded, and the collected data were subjected to the statistical evaluation to formulate results. Results: On evaluation, a non-significant difference was observed in BMI levels in the four groups (P = 0.12). Whole-milk intake also showed an inverse correlation with dental caries and BMI, but this correlation was statistically non-significant with the respective values of P = 0.57 and 0.55. A similar inverse relationship was seen for low-fat milk for caries and BMI with P = 0.65 and 0.45, respectively. Regarding soft drinks, 44.1% (n = 38) took soft drinks, and a non-significant relation between caries and intake as well as BMI and intake with P = 0.86 and 0.55, respectively. Conclusion: Within its limitations, the present study concludes that no correlation exists between BMI and dental caries as well as between sugar-containing beverage consumption and dental caries. Also, BMI and sugar-containing beverage consumption showed no correlation in children aged 6–10 years.
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Suárez-Calleja C, Aza-Morera J, Iglesias-Cabo T, Tardón A. Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:380. [PMID: 34479530 PMCID: PMC8414781 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is traditionally associated with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, a process essential for the mineralization of hard tissue such as bone or tooth. Deficiency of this vitamin is a problem worldwide, however. Given the possibly significant role of Vitamin D in odontogenesis in children, the objective of our study was to determine the influence of vitamin D levels in the blood on dental anomalies in children between 6 and 10 years of age, by means of 25-hydroxy vitamin D tests performed during pregnancy and the first years of life. METHODS The data analyzed were sourced from data belonging to the INMA-Asturias birth cohort, a prospective cohort study initiated in 2004 as part of the INMA Project. The 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) test was performed with samples from 188 children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort with a dental examination performed between 6 and 10 years of age. The samples were taken at three stages: in the mother at 12 weeks of gestation, and subsequently in the child at 4 and 8 years of age. Diet, nutritional and oro-dental hygiene habits were also analyzed by means of questionnaires. RESULTS The results indicate a significant association between caries and correct or incorrect brushing technique. With incorrect brushing technique, the prevalence of caries was 48.89%, but this dropped to 22.38% with correct brushing technique. An association was also found between tooth decay and frequency of sugar intake. The prevalence of caries was 24.54% with occasional sugar intake, but this rose to 56% with regular sugar intake. On the other hand, levels < 20 ng/ml in both mother and child at 8 years of age would also be risk factors (ORgest = 2.51(1.01-6.36) and OR8years = 3.45(1.14-11.01)) for the presence of caries in children. The risk of caries practically tripled where 25(OH) D values were < 20 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS Although incorrect brushing technique and regular sugar consumption was found to be the main cause of caries in the children, the low concentrations of vitamin D in the blood of the pregnant mothers may have magnified this correlation, indicating that the monitoring of vitamin D levels during pregnancy should be included in antenatal programmes. It is particularly striking that 50% of the children were deficient in vitamin D at the age of 4, and that dental floss was practically absent from regular cleaning routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Suárez-Calleja
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias. ISPA. Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jaime Aza-Morera
- SESPA (Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias), Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Adonina Tardón
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias. ISPA, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Pereira R, Soares P, Bicalho AA, Barcelos LM, Oliveira L, Soares CJ. Impact of the Porosity from Incremental and Bulk Resin Composite Filling Techniques on the Biomechanical Performance of Root-Treated Molars. Oper Dent 2021; 46:197-207. [PMID: 34192325 DOI: 10.2341/19-297-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the effect of the porosity caused by incremental and bulk resin composite filling techniques using low- and high-viscosity composite resins on the biomechanical performance of root-treated molars. METHODS Forty intact molars received standardized mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity preparation, were root treated, and randomly divided into four groups with different filling techniques (n=10). The first involved two incremental filling techniques using VIT/Z350XT, a nanofilled composite resin (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) associated with a resinmodified glass ionomer cement, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Vitremer, 3M ESPE) for filling the pulp chamber. The second involved TPH/VIT, a microhybrid composite resin TPH3 Spectrum associated with Vitremer. The third and fourth involved two bulk-fill composite resins: SDR/TPH, a low-viscosity resin composite (Surefill SDR flow, Dentsply) associated with TPH3 Spectrum, and POST, a high-viscosity bulkfill resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior, 3M ESPE). The volume of the porosity inside the restoration was calculated by micro-CT. The cusp deformation caused by polymerization shrinkage was calculated using the strain-gauge and micro-CT methods. The cusp deformation was also calculated during 100 N occlusal loading and loading to fracture. The fracture resistance and fracture mode were recorded. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. The fracture mode was analyzed by the χ2 test. The volume of the porosity was correlated with the cusp deformation, fracture resistance, and fracture mode (α=0.05). RESULTS Incremental filling techniques associated with RMGIC resulted in a significantly higher porosity than that of both bulk-fill techniques. However, no significant difference was found among the groups for the fracture resistance, fracture mode, and cusp deformation, regardless of the measurement time and method used. No correlation was observed between the volume of the porosity and all tested parameters. CONCLUSIONS The porosity of the restorations had no influence on the cuspal deformation, fracture resistance, or fracture mode. The use of the RMGIC for filling the pulp chamber associated with incremental composite resins resulted in similar biomechanical performance to that of the flowable or regular paste bulk-fill composite resin restorations of root-treated molars.
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Olczak-Kowalczyk D, Kaczmarek U, Gozdowski D, Turska-Szybka A. Association of parental-reported vitamin D supplementation with dental caries of 3-year-old children in Poland: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6147-6158. [PMID: 33834312 PMCID: PMC8531070 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the association between parental-reported vitamin D supplementation and caries in a national sample of 3-year-olds in Poland. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1900 children, representing all provinces of Poland, were invited. The questionnaires concerned vitamin D supplementation, socio-demographics, and oral health behaviours. Based on dental examination, caries scores (dmft/dmfs), prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and severe ECC (S-ECC) were calculated. The Spearman's correlation, linear regression and logistic regression were used to assess the association between various factors and caries (p < 0.05). RESULTS A total of 1638 children were tested. Of this number, 99.1% infants were supplemented with vitamin D. Supplementation had been continued seasonally in 55.2% children. ECC/S-ECC prevalence were significantly lower in children receiving vitamin D (ECC 38.3% vs. 44.7%, OR = 0.77; S-ECC 20.5% vs. 27.1%, OR = 0.69; p < 0.05). Mean dmft/dmfs were lower in those with supplementation (1.54 ± 2.72 vs. 2.24 ± 3.55; 2.40 ± 5.56 vs. 3.72 ± 7.56, respectively; p < 0.001). After controlling for confounding factors, supplementation was not significantly associated with caries; only dt/ds were still associated. Maternal education, sweetened beverages before bedtime, bottle use were significantly associated with S-ECC. CONCLUSIONS Lower caries prevalence was observed in those with vitamin D supplementation. The association between parental-reported vitamin D and ECC/S-ECC was not significant in Polish children. Decayed teeth and supplementation were still associated. Dietary habits can modify the association with caries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There may be an association between vitamin D supplementation and lower caries in children. Parents should supplement their children during periods of significant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Binieckiego St. 6, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Kaczmarek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Paedodontics, Medical University of Wroclaw, Krakowska St 26, 50 - 425, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dariusz Gozdowski
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Department of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166 ST., 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Turska-Szybka
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Binieckiego St. 6, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Shqair AQ, Dos Santos Motta JV, da Silva RA, do Amaral PL, Goettems ML. Children's eating behaviour traits and dental caries. J Public Health Dent 2021; 82:186-193. [PMID: 33719035 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study aimed to assess eating behavior traits in children with or without dental caries. METHODS A sample of 580 children aged 8 years enrolled in 20 public schools in the city of Pelotas, Brazil were included. Parents/caregivers provided sociodemographic information and answered the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) to assess eating behavior traits. This instrument possesses the subscales: food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, food fussiness, emotional overeating, emotional undereating, and desire to drink. To assess the presence of decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT/dmft), the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were adopted. WHO criteria were used to evaluate presence of overweight and obesity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean score in each CEBQ subscale according to the different exposure variables. Linear regression was used to assess the association between dental caries and CEBQ subscales means. RESULTS Approximately half of the children were male (51.03 percent) and 66.73 percent had low/middle socioeconomic status. The mean DMFT/dmft was 2.41, ranging from 0 to 13, and 63 percent of the children showed DMFT/dmft > 0. After adjustments for potential confounders, children with dental caries showed higher scores on the subscales desire to drink (P = 0.03), and satiety responsiveness (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION The present study showed that some aspects of eating behaviors differ in children with or without caries. Such knowledge adds to the understanding of the multifactorial etiology of caries and may help in the development of nutritional interventions to promote healthy eating behaviors, with benefits for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayah Qassem Shqair
- Dentistry Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marília Leão Goettems
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Marshall TA, Curtis AM, Cavanaugh JE, Warren JJ, Levy SM. Beverage Intakes and Toothbrushing During Childhood Are Associated With Caries at Age 17 Years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:253-260. [PMID: 33109505 PMCID: PMC7855000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been associated with childhood caries; however, associations among lifelong beverage intakes and adolescent caries have received less attention. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between beverage intakes during childhood and adolescence and caries experience at 17 years of age, while adjusting for fluoride intakes and toothbrushing. DESIGN Descriptive model analyses were conducted on data collected from a longitudinal birth cohort study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included Iowa Fluoride Study members (n = 318) recruited at birth between 1992 and 1995 with at least 6 beverage questionnaires completed from ages 1 to 17 years and a caries examination at age 17. EXPOSURE Predictors included mean daily milk, juice (100% juice and juice drinks before age 9), SSB (including juice drinks after age 9), and water/sugar-free beverage (SFB) intakes; daily fluoride intakes; and daily toothbrushing frequencies for ages 1 to 17. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome was dental caries count at age 17, adjusted for the number of scored tooth surfaces (decayed and filled surfaces attack rate [DFSAR]). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Univariable generalized linear models were fit for each predictor and the outcome DFSAR. Multivariable models assessed combined effects of beverage types, fluoride variables, toothbrushing, sex, and baseline socioeconomic status. RESULTS Based on multivariable models, each 8 oz of additional daily juice and water/SFB decreased expected DFSAR by 53% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17%-73%) and 29% (95% CI: 7%-46%), respectively, and 8 additional oz SSBs increased expected DFSAR by 42% (95% CI: 5%-92%), after adjustment for other beverage intakes, toothbrushing, total fluoride intake excluding SSB fluoride (non-SSB total fluoride), sex, and baseline socioeconomic status. Each additional daily toothbrushing event decreased expected DFSAR by 43% (95% CI: 14%-62%) after adjustment for beverage intakes, non-SSB total fluoride intake, sex, and baseline SES. CONCLUSIONS Higher juice and water/SFB intakes and more toothbrushing were associated with lower caries at age 17, while higher SSB intakes were associated with higher caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Marshall
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
| | - Alexandra M Curtis
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Joseph E Cavanaugh
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - John J Warren
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Steven M Levy
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Heaton B, Wright JA, Bond JC, Quintiliani LM. A measure development study of sugar-sweetened beverage-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and intention among urban, low-income adults. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:69. [PMID: 33413264 PMCID: PMC7792019 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is an important behavior that can influence individuals' risk for diabetes, obesity, and other chronic diseases. Nonetheless, there is a lack of valid measures to assess SSB-related constructs. Reliable and valid measures can help evaluate the efficacy of interventions designed to curb SSB consumption. Our aim was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure constructs related to SSB consumption in English and Spanish. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 150 adult residents of public housing developments in Boston, Massachusetts between July of 2016 and January of 2017. All households from two public housing developments were approached by study staff to solicit participation via door-to-door knocking and posted flyers. We developed questions to measure three SSB-related constructs informed by the Social Cognitive Theory: SSB knowledge, and self-efficacy and intention to act on SSB consumption. The questions were pilot tested in the population, and then administered in-person by bilingual study staff in either English or Spanish. Interviews were conducted most often in the participant's home and less frequently within a community space. Item normality was assessed with descriptive statistics. Difficulty of knowledge items was assessed with percent correct. Construct validity of self-efficacy items was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A model was considered a good fit if confirmatory factor index (CFI) > 0.95, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.05, and standardized root mean square residual (RMSR) < 0.05. Pearson correlations with consumption scores assessed criterion validity, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) assessed test-retest reliability. RESULTS Of the eight knowledge items tested, only four items resulted in correct answers less than half of the time. CFA resulted in a 5-item scale with excellent fit indices (CFI = .99; RMSEA = .025: SRMR = .02) and Cronbach's (0.79), test-retest (ICC = 0.68), and significant correlation with intention and SSB consumption. Of the four intention items, one was significantly correlated with SSB consumption. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the validity of key constructs related to SSB consumption for use in adults, which could provide important theory-based markers for program evaluations of SSB-related interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Heaton
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 560 Harrison Avenue, 3rd floor, Rm 336, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 560 Harrison Avenue, 3rd floor, Rm 336, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Julie A Wright
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia C Bond
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 560 Harrison Avenue, 3rd floor, Rm 336, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 560 Harrison Avenue, 3rd floor, Rm 336, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lisa M Quintiliani
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Olczak-Kowalczyk D, Gozdowski D, Turska-Szybka A. Protective Factors for Early Childhood Caries in 3-Year-Old Children in Poland. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:583660. [PMID: 33791255 PMCID: PMC8005648 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.583660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) remains highly prevalent in preschool children worldwide. Dental caries affects every second 3-year-olds in Poland. The aim of the study was to assess protective factors for ECC in 3-year-olds. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017 among 3-year-olds attending kindergartens in all 16 provinces of Poland. The questionnaire included socioeconomic factors, and oral health behaviors. Decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth and surfaces were assessed. Caries indices (dmft and dmfs), percentage of caries-free and severe ECC (S-ECC) were calculated. The Student's t-test, Spearman correlation, univariate and multivariate logistic regression (the odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR): confounding factors: socioeconomic conditions, oral health behaviors) were performed; p < 0.05. Results: A total of 1,638 children were included. ECC was confirmed in 41.1%; S-ECC in 23.4%. The dmft index was 1.85 ± 3.14, dmfs = 2.99 ± 6.56. Spearman correlation [socioeconomic factors, especially mother's education (r = -0.148, p < 0.001) and family's economic status (r = -0.071, p = 0.004)], despite were statistically significant, indicate very weak relationships with dmft index. After 12th month of life not giving any beverages before bedtime and at night, but water or unsweetened milk only, healthy snacking (sandwiches, fresh fruit), or water on a daily basis decreases the probability of caries development (for S-ECC: OR = 0.37, AOR = 0.47, AOR2 = 0.37; p < 0.01), even if inappropriate dietary behaviors or hygiene practices were simultaneously present. Brushing of a child's teeth twice a day lowered the odds of caries (for S-ECC: OR = 0.78, p = 0.031; AOR = 0.81, p = 0.081; AOR2 = 0.84, p = 0.131), but this effect was less intense when inappropriate dietary behaviors were accounted for. Children of parents with good self-assessment of their teeth were more often caries-free (61.4 vs. 42.9%; p = 0.006) and had lower dmft indices (1.67 vs. 2.93; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Preventing a child after 12th month of life from getting any beverages before bedtime, water or unsweetened milk only, sandwiches and fresh fruit as snacks, or water given to on a daily basis, tooth brushing twice a day decrease the odds of caries in 3-year-olds. Diet appears to have primary significance in the etiology of ECC, since tooth brushing can only partly attenuate the impact of inappropriate dietary behaviors on dental caries. Children are more often caries-free and have lower severity of caries if their parents' dentition is self-assessed as healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariusz Gozdowski
- Department of Experimental Statistics and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Turska-Szybka
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Mokeem LS, Willis LH, Windsor LJ, Cook NB, Eckert G, Gregory RL. Combined effects of soft drinks and nicotine on Streptococcus mutans metabolic activity and biofilm formation. J Oral Sci 2020; 63:75-78. [PMID: 33311010 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of nicotine on the activity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in soft drinks. Regular soft drinks contain large proportions of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), which increases the activity of S. mutans resulting in high-caries risk compared with sugar-free soft drinks. Nicotine use exhibits a strong correlation with increased S. mutans biofilm formation. The soft drinks chosen were (Coca-Cola Classic, Diet Coke, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Caffeine-Free Diet Coke, Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola Zero Sugar). S. mutans was grown overnight in tryptic soy broth; nicotine was diluted in tryptic soy broth supplemented with 1.0% sucrose followed by soft drinks in dilution of 1:3. Total growth absorbance and biofilm growth were determined by spectrophotometry, absorbance measured to determine biofilm formation, and metabolic activity quantified. One-way ANOVA showed a considerable effect for HFCS and caffeine in the presence of nicotine and their interaction in all measures. Results showed sugar-free caffeinated colas demonstrated significant effect in inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation and metabolic activity with nicotine. Nicotine-induced S. mutans increased biofilm formation and metabolic activity in the presence of HFCS and caffeine in soft drinks. In conclusion, smokers should consider sugar-free caffeinated versions to minimize the chance of developing dental caries dut to the reduction of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia S Mokeem
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Public Health Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| | - Lisa H Willis
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Public Health Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| | - L Jack Windsor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| | - N Blaine Cook
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Public Health Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| | - George Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry
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Davidovich E, Grender J, Zini A. Factors Associated with Dental Plaque, Gingivitis, and Caries in a Pediatric Population: A Records-Based Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228595. [PMID: 33228082 PMCID: PMC7699320 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated dental records of 1000 healthy children to determine factors associated with plaque, gingivitis, and caries. A logistic model for plaque and gingivitis (mild versus moderate/severe) and caries (yes/no) was carried out separately for each variable using the following potential factors: Age, Gender, Brush Type, Starting Age of Brushing, Brushing Frequency, and Bite Type. Data from 998 children (median age: 4 years, 10 months (range: 2.5-7 years)) were analyzed. Sixty-four percent were manual toothbrush users; 36% were oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush users. For plaque and gingivitis, but not caries, Brush Type was more impactful than Brushing Frequency. Age influenced the severity of plaque and gingivitis, with increases in the odds of having moderate/severe plaque or gingivitis associated with increasing age. The probability of caries increased until approximately age 5 and then decreased until age 7. Oscillating-rotating brush users were more likely to present with less plaque, gingivitis, and caries, with 6.0, 5.1, and 1.4 times greater odds of having mild (versus moderate/severe) plaque, less severe gingivitis, and being caries-free, respectively, than manual brush users. Similarly, brushing twice daily and starting brushing at an earlier age were associated with better oral health outcomes. Children with anterior bite abnormalities had increased odds of developing moderate/severe plaque and gingivitis than children with normal anterior bites. Gender was not a statistically significant factor associated with plaque, gingivitis, or caries. Children's oral health is influenced by toothbrush type, starting age of brushing, compliance with twice-daily brushing, and bite abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esti Davidovich
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University & Hadassah, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Julie Grender
- Statistics and Data Management, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH 45040, USA;
| | - Avi Zini
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University & Hadassah, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-26-758569
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Cruz Muñoz V, Urquizu Rovira M, Valls Ibañez V, Manresa Domínguez JM, Ruiz Blanco G, Urquizu Rovira M, Toran P. Consumo de bebidas refrescantes, deportivas y energéticas en adolescentes. Estudio BEENIS. An Pediatr (Barc) 2020; 93:242-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Cruz-Muñoz V, Urquizu-Rovira M, Valls-Ibañez V, Manresa-Domínguez JM, Ruiz-Blanco G, Urquizu-Rovira M, Toran-Monserrat P. Consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents. The BEENIS study. An Pediatr (Barc) 2020; 93:242-250. [PMID: 34092337 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The wide range of non-alcoholic drinks are currently grouped as soft (carbonated), sports, and energy drinks, and all of them have a high sugar content, along with their known risk of obesity. Their consumption is increasing and in inadvisable circumstances also an elevated health risk. The real consumption of sports and energy drinks is not well known. OBJECTIVE To determine the habits and consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in which questionnaires were obtained from 4769 schoolchildren from 13-18 years-old from Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain. RESULTS The prevalence of consuming soft drinks was observed in 92.9% of the adolescents, and was predominantly done during leisure time, during meals, or any time during the day. In sports it was 61.7%, mainly on practising the sport and in leisure time. In energy drinks, it was 49.2%, mainly in leisure time (they were mixed with alcohol in 49%) and on practising sport. The simultaneous consumption of the three types was 38%, and soft drinks were the most common. DISCUSSION A description is presented on the consumption of sports drinks, normally included as soft drinks, as well as the simultaneous consumption of the three types of drinks, and the time in which they are consumed. We have a diagnostic tool of consumption of these drinks by adolescents in our setting that will enable us to design and evaluate educational interventions in order to make the adolescent population and their families aware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cruz-Muñoz
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord. IDIAPJgol, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; EAP Sabadell Nord, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Urquizu-Rovira
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord. IDIAPJgol, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; EAP Serraperera, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Valls-Ibañez
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord. IDIAPJgol, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; EAP La Serra, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Manresa-Domínguez
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord. IDIAPJgol, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Departament d'Infermeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - Pere Toran-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord. IDIAPJgol, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Samman M, Kaye E, Cabral H, Scott T, Sohn W. The effect of diet drinks on caries among US children: Cluster analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 151:502-509. [PMID: 32593352 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of sugared beverages on dental caries has been widely studied in dental literature. A major limitation of these studies was examining the beverages as a single source. To overcome this limitation, a few studies used cluster analysis to group people into similar beverage consumption patterns. These studies did not differentiate between sugared beverages and diet drinks. Therefore the aim of this study is to examine the effect of consuming diet drinks on dental caries among US children by using cluster analysis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the authors analyzed the dietary data of children aged 3 through 10 years, using 2 24-hour recall interviews in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Cluster analysis has been used to overcome the limitations of examining the beverages as a single source. Clusters were identified based on the R2 statistic and the local peak of pseudo-F statistics. Survey procedure and sample weights were used to account for the complex National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sampling design. RESULTS Six beverage consumption clusters were identified: high soda, high 100% juice, high juice drinks, high diet drinks, high milk, and high water. Regression analysis showed that the high soda cluster had a tendency to increase caries risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 3.1), while the high diet drinks cluster had neutral effect compared with the high water cluster (OR, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.8). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that diet drinks have no adverse effect on teeth among US children. Additional well-designed longitudinal studies should be conducted to establish the effect of diet drinks on caries when consumed during childhood. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Although this study did not show an association between caries and diet drinks, dental practitioners should be cautious about recommending these drinks, as they have been linked to systemic diseases. In addition, the American Academy of Pediatrics and National Academy of Medicine do not recommend that children consume these beverages.
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Jordan KH, McGwin G, Childers NK. Children's detailed non-water beverage consumption habits and longitudinal early childhood caries experiences. J Public Health Dent 2020; 80:271-277. [PMID: 32627195 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sugar-sweetened beverages and dental caries are prevalent among children. Measurement choices could explain their inconsistent relationships. This study evaluated associations between detailed baseline non-water beverage consumption (NWBC) behaviors and longitudinal early childhood caries (ECC) experiences in young, high-caries risk children. METHODS Researchers followed poor, rural, African Americans, recruited at 8-18 months old from Uniontown, Alabama, through convenience sampling, annually for 5 years (N = 66). Baseline questionnaires obtained demographics, oral hygiene, and daily dietary histories, including beverage types, frequencies, and NWBC behaviors of intake speed (intermittent/rapid), container (bottles/non-bottles), and bedtime beverages (yes/no). Dentists conducted examinations annually to determine decayed, missing, filled (carious) surfaces (dmfs) scores, producing increments (dmfsfinal - dmfsinitial ). Age-adjusted logistic regressions estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for ECC (carious: incidence >0 versus caries-free: incidence = 0) with NWBC behavior then NWBC frequency, individually and conditional on NWBC behaviors, exposures. RESULTS NWBC behaviors were not associated with ECC; juice was significant (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.2). Adjusting for intake speed, juice persisted as a risk factor (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.3), remaining suggestive after controlling for container or bedtime beverages (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 0.9, 4.3; OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 0.9, 4.0, respectively). Container could be an effect modifier (ORbottle : 3.5, 95% CI: 0.8, 16.2 vs. ORnon-bottle : 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6, 3.7). Milk was not associated with ECC. CONCLUSIONS Independently, NWBC behaviors are insufficient in evaluating NWBC/ECC relationships; beverage type, frequency, and consumption behaviors, collectively, can better evaluate associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H Jordan
- Department of Epidemiology, Ryals School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Division of Population Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gerald McGwin
- Department of Epidemiology, Ryals School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Noel K Childers
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Epifânio SBO, Silveira JACD, Menezes RCED, Marinho PM, Brebal KMDM, Longo-Silva G. Análise de série temporal do consumo de bebidas açucaradas entre adultos no Brasil: 2007 a 2014. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:2529-2540. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020257.19402018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a tendência temporal e os fatores associados ao consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial entre adultos no Brasil. Estudo desenvolvido a partir de dados secundários do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico, realizado com adultos brasileiros entre 2007-2014. Foi verificada a frequência e a intensidade do consumo (quantidade de copos ou latas por semana) de refrigerante ou suco artificial. Dados sociodemográficos e comportamentais foram as variáveis independentes. A tendência temporal do consumo anual foi avaliada por meio de Regressão Linear. Os fatores associados (idade, sexo, região, trabalho, escolaridade, hábito de assistir TV) ao consumo dessas bebidas foram investigados por Regressão de Poisson. Houve redução de 32,7% do consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial entre 2007 e 2014. Os fatores associados ao maior consumo foram: sexo masculino (p = 0,000); faixa etária de 18-29 anos (p = 0,000); residência nas regiões centro-oeste, sudeste e sul (p = 0,000); menor escolaridade (p = 0,616); estar empregado (p = 0,007) e assistir TV mais de 3 horas por dia (p = 0,000). As análises descrevem uma tendência de queda no consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial entre os adultos no Brasil de 2007 a 2014.
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Kumar D, Gandhi K, Maywad S, Malhotra R, Ahuja S, Kapoor R. Prevalence and Correlation of Dental Caries with its Specific Risk Factors in 5-15-year-old School-going Children in Urban Population of Ghaziabad. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:72-78. [PMID: 32581484 PMCID: PMC7299897 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a rapidly emerging oral health problem amid the children with differing prevalence rate in different states of India. The data available from Ghaziabad city regarding dental caries are scarce; therefore, the study was conducted in 5–15-year school-going children in urban population of Ghaziabad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanshu Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Gandhi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shraddha Maywad
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritika Malhotra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Ahuja
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabh Kapoor
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bernabé E, Ballantyne H, Longbottom C, Pitts N. Early Introduction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Caries Trajectories from Age 12 to 48 Months. J Dent Res 2020; 99:898-906. [PMID: 32374714 PMCID: PMC7536523 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520917398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating
behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. The aim of this
study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life)
and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries
trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish
children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total).
SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down
into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that
initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including
noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake
with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and
rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear
mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both
the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were
positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the
predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high
initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17
between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD
below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish
young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first
year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries.
They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and
interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Bernabé
- Dental Public Health Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - C. Longbottom
- Dental Innovation and Impact, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - N.B. Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Impact, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Pitchika V, Standl M, Harris C, Thiering E, Hickel R, Heinrich J, Kühnisch J. Association of sugar-sweetened drinks with caries in 10- and 15-year-olds. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:81. [PMID: 32192461 PMCID: PMC7082943 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened drinks (SSDs) are known to be cariogenic, but this association has not been well investigated in population-based repeated cross-sectional studies in recent years. Therefore, this study examined whether SSD intake is associated with higher caries experience in 10- and 15-year-olds. METHODS The study sample included participants from the Munich study centre of two birth cohorts with data on non-cavitated caries lesions (NCCL/S), caries experience (DMF/S index), overall caries burden (DMF + NCCL/S) and SSD intake. In total, 915 and 996 children were included from the 10- and 15-year follow-ups, respectively. Intake (g/day) of SSDs, comprising cola, lemonade, ice-tea, sport/energy drinks, fruit squashes and nectars, was calculated from food frequency questionnaires. For analyses, the SSD intake was converted into portions (250 ml/day). Multiple logistic regression and prospective analysis models were performed to test associations between SSD intake and various definitions of caries, adjusting for sex, parental education, body mass index (BMI) categories, study cohort, plaque-affected sextants, mode of SSD consumption, energy content of SSDs, and total energy intake. RESULTS The mean overall caries burden at 10 and 15 years of age was 1.81 (SD: 2.71) and 6.04 (SD: 8.13), respectively. The average consumption of SSDs at the 10- and 15-year follow-ups was 0.48 (SD: 0.85) and 0.83 (SD 1.40) portions/day, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, in 10-year-olds, SSD intake was significantly associated with higher caries experience based on the indices DMF/S (adjusted odds ratio: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06-1.57), NCCL/S (1.24; 1.03-1.49) and DMF + NCCL/S (1.27; 1.05-1.55). At the 15-year follow-up, SSD consumption was significantly associated with increased DMF/S index (1.12; 1.01-1.25) only. Prospective model associating 10-year SSD intake with 15-year caries experience was not significant. CONCLUSIONS SSD intake significantly increases the caries burden in 10-year-olds, with attenuated effects in 15-year-olds. To prevent caries, SSD consumption should be reduced, especially in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Pitchika
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße70, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carla Harris
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jan Kühnisch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Association between overweight, obesity and incidence of advanced dental caries in South Korean adults: A 10-year nationwide population-based observational study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229572. [PMID: 32107502 PMCID: PMC7046206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between overweight, obesity and the incidence of advanced dental caries in South Korean adults, using alternate measures. The participants included 376,077 people aged 20 years and older who had health examination at least one time between 2005 and 2008. This evaluation is based on a change of body mass index (BMI) category, for 10 years, using a nationally representative data resource available from the National Health Insurance System. Instead of using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), the diagnostic codes which indicate dental caries, pulpal disease and visiting frequency at dental health professionals were used in this case. A multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the association between advanced dental caries and BMI. In addition to the BMI, a multivariate analysis of gender, age, lifestyle behaviors and systemic disease information was included. To this end, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Chiefly, it is noted that the overweight and obese people were more likely to develop advanced dental caries independent of the noted variables. The positive association between high BMI and incidence of advanced dental caries was more prominent in the population's characteristic of people who were in a classification of the elderly and women. Among the health and lifecycle behaviors, smoking or not was found to be one of the factors affecting the results. The alternate method used in this study showed that being overweight and obesity had a direct association with the incidence of advanced dental caries in Korean adults.
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Nowak D, Gośliński M. Assessment of Antioxidant Properties of Classic Energy Drinks in Comparison with Fruit Energy Drinks. Foods 2020; 9:foods9010056. [PMID: 31935989 PMCID: PMC7023211 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy drinks (EDs) contain sugar, caffeine, and other bioactive compounds. Recently, new types of EDs, enriched with fruit juices, natural pigments, and plant extracts, have been launched in the market. The objective of this study was to investigate the composition and antioxidant properties of the most popular classic and fruit EDs. The study was carried out including 24 of the most popular energy drinks (classic and fruit EDs). The composition of EDs, especially caffeine and sugar, and antioxidant properties (antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, vitamin C) were analyzed. Energy drinks with added fruit juice or natural pigments had a significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) antioxidant capacity compared to classic energy drinks. Fruit EDs had a higher concentration of polyphenols and vitamin C. In some fruit EDs, slight amounts of anthocyanins were found. Generally, EDs are not a rich source of polyphenols and are not distinguished by high antioxidant capacity. However, fruit energy drinks and/or ones with added natural pigments have much better antioxidant properties than classic EDs. Both classic and fruit EDs contain a large amount of caffeine and sugar, therefore, it would be advisable not to drink large amounts of EDs for possible related health issues.
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Child Consumption of Whole Fruit and Fruit Juice Following Six Months of Exposure to a Pediatric Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010025. [PMID: 31877635 PMCID: PMC7019436 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health recommendations suggest limiting child consumption of fruit juice in favor of whole fruit due to juice’s high sugar content, lack of fruit fiber, and potential for excess intake. However, replacing juice with whole fruit may be particularly challenging for low-income and minority children, who report the highest intake of 100% juice. To address access and affordability challenges among low-income children, researchers partnered with pediatricians in an urban food desert community, to introduce a fruit and vegetable prescription program (FVPP) that provided a $15 prescription for fresh produce to every child during each office visit. Participating vendors included a farmers’ market and local mobile market. This study assessed changes in daily consumption of total fruit and whole fruit among 108 pediatric patients following six months of exposure to the FVPP. Child-reported mean daily intake of whole fruit increased significantly from the baseline to the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.03): 44% of children reported an increased intake of at least ¼ cup per day, and 30% reported an increased intake of at least ½ cup per day. Changes in total fruit intake (including fruit juice) were not significant. Results suggest a pediatric FVPP may have meaningful impacts on children’s dietary behaviors, particularly with regard to the intake of whole fruits.
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Effects of a multipronged beverage intervention on young children's beverage intake and weight: a cluster-randomized pilot study. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2856-2867. [PMID: 31303190 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a multipronged pilot intervention promoting healthier beverage consumption improved at-home beverage consumption and weight status among young children. DESIGN In this exploratory pilot study, we randomly assigned four childcare centres to a control (delayed-intervention) condition or a 12-week intervention that promoted consumption of healthier beverages (water, unsweetened low- or non-fat milk) and discouraged consumption of less-healthy beverages (juice, sugar-sweetened beverages, high-fat or sweetened milk). The multipronged intervention was delivered via childcare centres; simultaneously targeted children, parents and childcare staff; and included environmental changes, policies and education. Outcomes were measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention and included children's (n 154) at-home beverage consumption (assessed via parental report) and overweight/obese status (assessed via objectively measured height and weight). We estimated intervention impact using difference-in-differences models controlling for children's demographics and classroom. SETTING Two northern California cities, USA, 2013-2014. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 2-5 years and their parents. RESULTS Relative to control group children, intervention group children reduced their consumption of less-healthy beverages from baseline to follow-up by 5·9 ounces/d (95 % CI -11·2, -0·6) (-174·5 ml/d; 95 % CI -331·2, -17·7) and increased their consumption of healthier beverages by 3·5 ounces/d (95 % CI -2·6, 9·5) (103·5 ml/d; 95 % CI -76·9, 280·9). Children's likelihood of being overweight decreased by 3 percentage points (pp) in the intervention group and increased by 3 pp in the control group (difference-in-differences: -6 pp; 95 % CI -15, 3). CONCLUSIONS Our exploratory pilot study suggests that interventions focused comprehensively on encouraging healthier beverage consumption could improve children's beverage intake and weight. Findings should be confirmed in longer, larger studies.
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Liska D, Kelley M, Mah E. 100% Fruit Juice and Dental Health: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Public Health 2019; 7:190. [PMID: 31355175 PMCID: PMC6640211 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the scope and breadth of publicly available prospective cohort and randomized controlled trial (RCT) literature on 100% fruit juice and dental caries or tooth erosion in humans. Methods: We performed a systematic search in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies published from inception through May 2018, and the Cochrane Library databases for reports published through January 2018. Prospective cohort studies or RCTs conducted on dental health and 100% fruit juice, and published in English were selected. No restrictions were set for age, sex, geographic location, or socioeconomic status. Results: Eight publications representing five independent prospective cohort studies and nine publications on nine RCTs were included. All prospective cohort studies were in children or adolescents, and all RCTs were in adults. Prospective cohort studies on tooth erosion found no association between juice intake and tooth erosion, while those on dental caries incidence reported either no association or an inverse association between 100% fruit juice intakes and dental caries incidence. RCTs on tooth erosion showed decreased microhardness, increased surface enamel loss, increased erosion depth, greater enamel softening, and/or increased pellicle layer with 100% fruit juice, and those on dental caries showed increased demineralization of enamel slabs with 100% fruit juice. Conclusions: The existing evidence on 100% fruit juice intake and caries and tooth erosion are not conclusive. Overall, prospective cohort studies in children and adolescents found no association between 100% fruit juice intake and tooth erosion or dental caries, but, RCT data in adults suggests that 100% fruit juice could contribute to tooth erosion and dental caries. The RCT data, however, were from small, short-term studies that utilized intra-oral devices generally devoid of normal plaque or saliva action, and generally employed conditions that are not reflective of normal juice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAnn Liska
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL, United States
| | - Michael Kelley
- Michael Kelley Nutrition Consulting, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL, United States
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Göçer M, Iltar U, Aykaş F, Aslan V, Nizam İ, Çelik M, Kurtoğlu E. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Cases and Consumption of Large Quantities of Energy Drink: Related or Coincidence? Acta Haematol 2019; 143:176-180. [PMID: 31167181 DOI: 10.1159/000500665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are the result of acquired antibodies which inhibit the activity of the ADAMTS13 enzyme. Acquired TTP is more frequently seen in young females or in individuals with autoimmune disease. The development of antibodies against ADAMTS13 may also result from the administration or consumption of drugs and other substances. However, specific laboratory tests to identify the pathogenic mechanism of a particular drug may not be available, and the role of a potentially implicated drug or other ingested substance may not be clear. In this report we present 2 acquired TTP cases involving the consumption of a large amount of energy drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Göçer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey,
| | - Utku Iltar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aykaş
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Vedat Aslan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İlknur Nizam
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çelik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Erdal Kurtoğlu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Newman K, O'Donovan K, Bear N, Robertson A, Mutch R, Cherian S. Nutritional assessment of resettled paediatric refugees in Western Australia. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:574-581. [PMID: 30288837 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nutritional deprivation, inadequate diet and food insecurity are common refugee experiences. The growth and nutritional status of paediatric refugees following resettlement in developed countries and the related interplay with socio-economic factors remain less defined; this study aims to describe these features. METHODS Standardised dietary, medical and socio-demographic health assessments of new refugee patients attending a multidisciplinary paediatric Refugee Health Service (RHS) in Western Australia between 2010 and 2015 were analysed. RESULTS Demographic data from 1131 paediatric refugees are described (age 2 months to 17.8 years). The majority experienced socio-economic disadvantage, had limited parental education and required interpreters. Nutritional deficiencies were common but varied across ethnicities: iron deficiency (ID) (12.3%), anaemia (7.3%) and inadequate dairy intake (41.0%). A third of children (32.6%) did not consume meat. Infant breastfeeding was sustained (77.8%) in infants <12 months. Prolonged breastfeeding (44.9% aged 12-24 months) was associated with an increased risk of ID (odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.4-11.6). Median body mass index increased significantly for those >24 months between referral and RHS assessment (median period 1.8 months). Overall, 27.1% required additional formal dietetic follow-up, with higher nutritional concerns in refugee children <24 months compared to older patients. CONCLUSIONS Identification of frequent post-settlement nutritional concerns has been captured through structured multidisciplinary paediatric health screening. Specific screening for socio-economic influencing factors, including education, poverty and food insecurity, during refugee clinical assessments is recommended. Development of targeted, culturally appropriate parental education resources and interventions may improve management following resettlement. Longitudinal research assessing resettlement growth trajectories is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Newman
- Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kelly O'Donovan
- Women and Newborn Health Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natasha Bear
- Department of Clinical Research and Education, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Annie Robertson
- Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raewyn Mutch
- Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Cherian
- Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Sfeatcu R, Dumitrache MA, Cărămidă M, Johannsen A, Perlea P. A pilot study on the effectiveness of a 2‐year school‐based oral health educational programme using experiential learning among adolescents. Int J Dent Hyg 2019; 17:221-228. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Sfeatcu
- Oral Health and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
| | - Mihaela Adina Dumitrache
- Oral Health and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
| | - Mariana Cărămidă
- Oral Health and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
| | - Annsofi Johannsen
- Unit of Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - Paula Perlea
- Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
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Grummon AH, Hall MG, Taillie LS, Brewer NT. How should sugar-sweetened beverage health warnings be designed? A randomized experiment. Prev Med 2019; 121:158-166. [PMID: 30772370 PMCID: PMC6520104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Health warnings are a promising strategy for reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), but uncertainty remains about how to design warnings to maximize their impact. Warnings already implemented in Latin America use nutrient disclosures, while proposed U.S. warnings would describe the health effects of consuming SSBs. We sought to determine whether warning characteristics influence consumers' reactions to SSB health warnings. A national convenience sample of U.S. adults (n = 1360) completed an online survey in 2018. In a factorial design, we randomly assigned participants to view SSB health warnings that differed in: 1) inclusion of health effects ("Drinking beverages with added sugar contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay"); 2) inclusion of a nutrient disclosure ("High in added sugar"); 3) inclusion of the marker word "WARNING;" and 4) shape (octagon vs. rectangle). The primary outcome was perceived message effectiveness (PME, range 1-5). PME was higher for warnings that included health effects (average differential effect [ADE] = 0.63, p < 0.001) or nutrient disclosures (ADE = 0.32, p < 0.001) compared to warnings without this information. However, adding a nutrient disclosure to a warning that already included health effects did not lead to higher PME compared to warnings with health effects alone. The marker "WARNING" (ADE = 0.21) and the octagon shape (ADE = 0.08) also led to higher PME compared to warnings without these characteristics (ps < 0.001). The same pattern of results held for the secondary outcomes, fear and thinking about harms. SSB health warnings may have more impact if they describe health effects, use the marker "WARNING," and are octagon-shaped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Grummon
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
| | - Marissa G Hall
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Noel T Brewer
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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Haque M, Sartelli M, Haque SZ. Dental Infection and Resistance-Global Health Consequences. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7010022. [PMID: 30823670 PMCID: PMC6473604 DOI: 10.3390/dj7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in dental caries and another dental related issues, both for therapeutic and prophylactic reasons. Unfortunately, in recent years the use of antibiotics has been accompanied by the rapid emergence antimicrobial resistance. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are historically known as the top oral health burden in both developing and developed nations affecting around 20⁻50% of the population of this planet and the uppermost reason for tooth loss. Dental surgeons and family practitioners frequently prescribed antimicrobials for their patients as outpatient care. Several studies reported that antibiotics are often irrationally- and overprescribed in dental diseases which is the basis of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of antibiotics in dental diseases. Almost certainly the promotion of primary oral health care (POHC) in primary health care program especially among the least and middle-income countries (LMIC) may be the answer to ensure and promote rational dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Massimo Sartelli
- Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy.
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Wu Y, Jansen EC, Peterson KE, Foxman B, Goodrich JM, Hu H, Solano-González M, Cantoral A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Martinez-Mier EA. The associations between lead exposure at multiple sensitive life periods and dental caries risks in permanent teeth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:1048-1055. [PMID: 30841379 PMCID: PMC6407640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is an important public health problem in Mexico, a country also faced with high exposure to toxicants including lead (Pb). METHODS Participants were 386 children living in Mexico City. Prenatal (trimester 1-3), early-childhood (12, 24, 36, and 48 months of age) and peri-pubertal (10-18 years of age) blood Pb levels were quantified using graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Maternal patella and tibia bone Pb at 1 month postpartum were quantified with K X-ray fluorescence instrument. Dental caries presence was evaluated using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores. Peri-pubertal sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake was estimated using a 116-item, interview-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total energy adjusted daily SSB intake was generated using the residual approach. Zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between Pb with D1MFT and D4MFT at adolescence. RESULTS Maternal second and third trimester and cumulative early childhood Pb exposure were positively associated with peri-pubertal D1MFT scores in unadjusted ZINB models (2nd trimester: RR = 1.17 (1.00, 1.37); 3rd trimester: RR = 1.20 (1.03, 1.40); early childhood: RR = 1.22 (1.02, 1.48)). These effect sizes were attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. When stratified by high/low SSB intake, a one unit increase of log-transformed 2nd trimester Pb exposure was associated with a 1.41 times (1.06, 1.86) higher D1MFT count, and 3rd trimester Pb exposure was associated with a 1.50 times (1.18, 1.90) higher D1MFT count among those with higher than median peri-pubertal SSB. Associations among those with lower SSB intake were roughly half those of the higher group and not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Pb exposure during sensitive developmental periods was not statistically significantly associated with caries risk after accounting for confounders among our cohort. However, evidence from stratified analysis suggested a Pb-caries association among children with high SSB intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Skeie G, Sandvær V, Grimnes G. Intake of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Adolescents from Troms, Norway-The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020211. [PMID: 30678146 PMCID: PMC6412924 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been associated with weight gain and chronic disease. The objective of this paper was to study the intake of SSB and characteristics associated with SSB intake in adolescents from Troms, Norway. We present results from a cross-sectional analysis from the Tromsø Study: Fit Futures, with 426 female and 444 male students aged 15⁻17 years (93% participation rate). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. Among females, 31.8% drank at least one glass of SSB per day on average, compared to 61.0% among males. The adjusted OR (odds ratio) of daily SSB drinking for males vs. females was 3.74 (95% CI (confidence interval) 2.68⁻5.22). Other dietary habits such as eating snacks, drinking artificially sweetened beverages, fruit juice, and seldom eating breakfast were associated with higher odds for daily SSB drinking, as was daily snuffing. Weight class was not associated with daily SSB drinking. Students in vocational studies, particularly males tended to be more likely to be daily SSB drinkers. The prevalence of participants who on average were daily drinkers was higher than in national studies. We have identified several possible targets for interventions. Clustering of unhealthy behaviours and tendencies to socioeconomic differences are of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Vårin Sandvær
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- Nordland Fylkeskommune, Seksjon for Folkehelse, N-8048 Bodø, Norway.
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway.
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Tamgadge S, Gomes S, Acharya S, Thapar P, Patil R, Khanapure S. Awareness of Oral Health Changes during Menstruation: A Questionnaire-Based Survey among Adolescent Girls. DENTISTRY AND MEDICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/dmr.dmr_41_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Alhabdan YA, Albeshr AG, Yenugadhati N, Jradi H. Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among primary school children: a population-based cross-sectional study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:60. [PMID: 30497366 PMCID: PMC6267843 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a preventable childhood disease, but public health efforts are hampered due to limited information on associated factors in vulnerable populations. Our study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of dental caries and identifying key associated factors in four major risk domains, including socioeconomic factors, child oral health behavior and practices, child feeding practices, and dietary habits among primary school children in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to recruit 578 male Saudi primary school children, aged 6–8 years, from 12 primary schools in five different regions of Riyadh. Children were clinically screened to detect carious lesions in primary teeth according to World Health Organization’s criteria. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on social and individual factors from the parents. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of associated factors for dental caries were computed using logistic regression models; key factors were identified by systematic selection process that accounted for multicollinearity and bias correction. Results Dental caries was prevalent among children (83%, 95% confidence interval 79.7–86.0%). Individual factors, including irregular brushing, late adoption of brushing habit, consulting dentist for symptomatic treatment, lack of breast feeding, sleeping with a bottle in mouth, habit of snacking between meals, low consumption of fruits, and frequent consumption of soft drinks and flavored milk, were predominantly associated with dental caries in children, instead of socioeconomic factors (p < 0.05, adjusted R-square 80%). Conclusion Dental caries were prevalent in school children, and individual factors were predominantly associated with the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0750-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed Abdullah Alhabdan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhameed Ghassan Albeshr
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagarajkumar Yenugadhati
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hoda Jradi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
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Luger M, Winzer E, Schätzer M, Dämon S, Moser N, Blagusz K, Rittmannsberger B, Schätzer J, Lechleitner M, Rieder A, Hoppichler F. Gradual reduction of free sugars in beverages on sale by implementing the beverage checklist as a public health strategy. Eur J Public Health 2018; 28:961-967. [PMID: 29554259 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of free sugar intake and contribute to obesity and obesity-related diseases. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of a gradual sugar reduction strategy within the so-called 'beverage checklist' on free sugar content in beverages on sale in Austria. Methods From 2010 until 2017, data on the amount of free sugar of sweetened beverages (sweetened with sugars, fruit juice and artificial sweeteners) with 0.20-0.75l serving sizes in all main supermarkets and from industry was collected. These data were published annually as the beverage checklist, which displays beverages on sale in Austria. The checklist aims to encourage beverage production with a free sugar content of ≤7.4 g/100 ml and no artificial sweeteners. Results Free sugar content in the total supply decreased significantly [7.53 (2.86) vs. 6.75 (2.79) g/100 ml; 10.4%; P < 0.001] over time and also in those for which follow-up data were available until 2017 (n = 100) [7.55 (2.46) vs. 7.28 (2.44) g/100 ml; 3.5%; P < 0.001]. The percentage of beverages fulfilling the guiding criteria increased by 12.8% (P < 0.001) and of those containing sweeteners decreased by 13.3% (after 2012; P = 0.034). Conclusions This public health strategy, conducted by a small non-profit organization, showed a reduction in the mean free sugar content by working with the industry to voluntarily reformulate beverages. More beverages with less added sugar were brought to the market, which implies healthier choices. The challenge now is to further engage the industry and also policy makers to achieve a greater reduction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luger
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition-SIPCAN, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Winzer
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition-SIPCAN, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Schätzer
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition-SIPCAN, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sabine Dämon
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition-SIPCAN, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nadine Moser
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition-SIPCAN, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Blagusz
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition-SIPCAN, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Julia Schätzer
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition-SIPCAN, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Monika Lechleitner
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition-SIPCAN, Salzburg, Austria.,Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Hochzirl, Zirl, Austria
| | - Anita Rieder
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Hoppichler
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition-SIPCAN, Salzburg, Austria.,Division of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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LNU H. A Comparitive Evaluation of the Effect of Sports and Fruit Drinks on the Surface Roughness of Nanofilled Composite and Light Cure GIC–An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:417-424. [PMID: 30787556 PMCID: PMC6379535 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Tooth coloured restorative materials are commonly used for restorations in children and adolescents, who are major consumers of soft drinks. Under acidic conditions, restorative materials suffer degradation over time, which can be predicted by changes in the surface roughness. Aim Compare the effect of acidic drinks Gatorade, Tang, Bindhu Jeera Fizz, and 10% sucrose solution (control group) on nano filled composite and light cure RMGIC and test the time dependent change by immersing them in these drinks ever day 8th hourly and examining them on the 10th, 20th and 60th day. Methodology Fourty specimens of each material was made and divided equally in 4 groups, group 1 (gatorade), group 2 (Tang), group 3 (Bindhu Jeera Fizz), group 4 (10% sucrose). Each specimen was immersed every 8th hourly daily for 60 days and the surface roughness was assessed on the 0,10th, 20th and 6th day using a with a 3-D optical profilometer. Results The surface roughness increased progressively with time with maximum average roughness value (Ra) value was seen on the 60th day in both the materials irrespective of any acidic drink. The highest value of roughness was seen by Group 2 containing Tang (p < 0.001), followed by Bindhu Jeera Fizz (p < 0.001) and Gatorade (p < 0.001) and the least being the 10% Sucrose (control group) (p < 0.001). Conclusion The maximum change in surface roughness was associated with light cure RMGIC as compared to Nano-filled composite, mostly due to the low mechanical strength and low wear resistance of glass ionomer restorations making it less durable. Hence nano-filled composite proved to be superior then RMGIC, but with longer exposure to acidic drinks the Ra value increased significantly, hence the consumption of these acidic drinks should be limited. How to cite this article: Hemalatha, Nagar P. A Comparitive Evaluation of the Effect of Sports and Fruit Drinks on the Surface Roughness of nano-filled composite and light cure GIC-An In vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018;11(5):417-424.
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Moran AJ, Roberto CA. Health Warning Labels Correct Parents' Misperceptions About Sugary Drink Options. Am J Prev Med 2018; 55:e19-e27. [PMID: 29903567 PMCID: PMC6128141 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noncarbonated sugar-sweetened beverages, such as fruit drinks, sports drinks, and sweetened teas are increasingly promoted to and consumed by youth. These beverages may be perceived as healthier options than soda. To educate consumers about beverages high in added sugar, several cities and states have proposed policies mandating health warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages. METHODS In 2015, a total of 2,381 parents were randomized to a no label, calorie label, or warning label condition. An online survey asked about the healthfulness of different beverages, and asked parents to select a beverage for their child in a choice task. Regressions compared the warning and calorie label groups to the control group and measured mediating effects of health beliefs on beverage choice. Data were analyzed in 2016. RESULTS Parents viewed fruit drinks, sports drinks, and sweetened teas as healthier and less likely to cause disease than soda. Compared with no label, warning labels significantly increased parents' risk perceptions for all beverages except soda. Warning labels significantly reduced the odds of selecting fruit drinks for the child (OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.32, 0.56), and this effect was mediated by changes in health beliefs and risk perceptions. CONCLUSIONS Fruit drinks, sports drinks, and sweetened teas are increasingly promoted to youth. Parents believe these beverages are healthier and less likely to cause disease than soda, and warning labels may correct these misperceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Moran
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Christina A Roberto
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Grummon AH, Sokol RL, Hecht CA, Patel AI. Measuring beverage consumption in US children and adolescents: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1017-1027. [PMID: 29938891 PMCID: PMC6103833 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Beverage consumption habits are associated with weight outcomes for children and adolescents. Many studies have examined youth's beverage consumption, but little is known about what methods are commonly used to assess youth beverage consumption and whether these strategies are valid and reliable. This study aimed to systematically review articles assessing beverage consumption among children and adolescents. We searched PubMed and Scopus for English-language articles published between February 2007 and February 2017 that measured and reported on American youth's (ages 2-18 years) beverage consumption. Searches yielded 17,165 articles, of which 589 articles describing 615 measures were extracted. We examined the types of assessment methods used, characteristics of these methods (e.g. validity, reliability, and literacy level), characteristics of study samples, and beverages assessed. The most common assessment methods were questionnaires/screeners (used by 65.4% of articles) and recalls (24.4%). About three-quarters of articles did not address validity (70.5%) or reliability (79.5%) of any measures used. Study populations were diverse: 54.7% of articles included low-income children, and 90.2% included non-White children. The most commonly assessed beverage category was sugar-sweetened beverages. Findings suggest that improved measurement techniques and reporting are both needed to track progress towards a goal of ensuring all youth have healthy beverage consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Grummon
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rebeccah L. Sokol
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christina A. Hecht
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; Berkeley, CA
| | - Anisha I. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Morikava FS, Fraiz FC, Gil GS, de Abreu MHNG, Ferreira FM. Healthy and cariogenic foods consumption and dental caries: A preschool-based cross-sectional study. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1310-1317. [PMID: 29878498 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of the consumption of healthy and cariogenic foods with the prevalence of untreated dental caries among preschool children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 427 5-year-old preschoolers. Caries was evaluated through a clinical examination using dmft index. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing socioeconomic status, eating frequency, and oral hygiene habits. RESULTS The prevalence of untreated caries was 51%. The multiple models demonstrated a seven percent increase in the prevalence of untreated caries with each additional daily contact with cariogenic foods, whereas a four percent reduction in this prevalence rate was found for each additional contact with healthy foods. When the number of daily contacts with cariogenic and healthy foods was incorporated into the same model, the former reached only borderline statistical significance (p = 0.05), whereas the latter maintained an association with lower caries rates (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION A dietary assessment based solely on the frequency of the consumption of cariogenic foods may not be sufficient to understand the occurrence of dental caries in preschool children. It is necessary a more comprehensive evaluation of the dietary pattern, once a healthy diet can present an association with lower prevalence of caries even among preschool children who consume cariogenic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian Calixto Fraiz
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giovana Solheid Gil
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Morais Ferreira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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