1
|
Fahmy L, Dardis CM. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies as a mediator between cyber dating violence and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38848386 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2361323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Cyber dating violence (CDV) is prevalent among emerging adults and could lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, limited research has been conducted on potential mitigating (or exacerbating) factors, such as the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CER). The present study examined whether CER strategies mediate the relationship between CDV and PTSD. Participants: Among a sample of 598 college students, the present study focuses on those who reported past-year CDV (56%; N = 335). Methods: An online survey was completed by college students to assess CDV, CER, and PTSD using validated self-report measures. Results: CDV was bivariately correlated with PTSD symptoms as well as adaptive and maladaptive CER. Within a mediation model, maladaptive (but not adaptive) CER mediated the relationship between CDV and PTSD. Conclusions: CDV is common among college students. Targeting maladaptive CER, such as self-blame and rumination, could lead to reductions in PTSD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Fahmy
- Psychology Department, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cohen A, Bendelow A, Smith T, Cicchetti C, Davis MM, Heffernan M. Parental Attitudes on Social Media Monitoring for Youth: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023; 6:e46365. [PMID: 37976085 PMCID: PMC10670659 DOI: 10.2196/46365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Online environments dominate the daily lives of American youth and pose evolving challenges to their health and well-being. Recent national poll data indicate that social media overuse, internet safety, and online bullying are among parents' top child health concerns, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. While parents are uniquely positioned to help youth navigate social media, their attitudes on monitoring media use may be impacted by a myriad of personal and family factors. Objective This study aimed to examine factors associated with parental attitudes about monitoring social media use among youth. Methods Data were analyzed from the Voices of Child Health in Chicago Parent Panel Survey, administered to parents over the web and by telephone. Parents with at least 1 child aged ≥11 years responded to questions about bullying and social media monitoring from May to July 2020. The primary outcome was their response to the following question: "Do you think parents should monitor their children's use of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram?" Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine parental agreement with frequent social media monitoring and concerns about bullying, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Analyses were weighted to represent the parent population of Chicago. Results Among 1613 survey respondents, the analyzed sample included 808 parents with at least 1 child aged ≥11 years. Overall, 62.9% (n=566) of parents agreed with frequent parental monitoring of their children's social media use. Compared with parents aged ≤35 years, parents who were >35 years old were significantly less likely to agree with frequent social media monitoring (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.81). Parents expressing a high level of concern regarding the effects of bullying were more likely to agree with frequent monitoring of youth social media (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.24-3.73). Conclusions Parents' personal characteristics and concerns about bullying may influence their attitudes toward monitoring social media use among youth. Given the potential impact of these attitudes on parental monitoring behaviors and the subsequent health impact on youth, pediatricians should consider these factors when counseling about bullying and social media. Child health professionals can support families in developing a safe media use plan that fits family circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Cohen
- Division of Advanced General Pediatrics and Primary Care, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, ChicagoIL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, ChicagoIL, United States
- Mary Ann & J Milburn Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, ChicagoIL, United States
| | - Anne Bendelow
- Data Analytics and Reporting, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, ChicagoIL, United States
| | - Tracie Smith
- Data Analytics and Reporting, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, ChicagoIL, United States
| | - Colleen Cicchetti
- Center for Childhood Resilience, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, ChicagoIL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, ChicagoIL, United States
| | - Matthew M Davis
- Division of Advanced General Pediatrics and Primary Care, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, ChicagoIL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, ChicagoIL, United States
- Mary Ann & J Milburn Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, ChicagoIL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical Social Sciences, and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, ChicagoIL, United States
| | - Marie Heffernan
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, ChicagoIL, United States
- Mary Ann & J Milburn Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, ChicagoIL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin HT, Tai YM, Gau SSF. Autistic Traits and Cyberbullying Involvement Mediated by Psychopathologies and School Functions in a Nationally Representative Child Sample. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:706-716. [PMID: 37477877 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyberbullying has become an international concern among youth with autistic traits in the digital age. It draws the attention of professionals in mental health and education due to its potentially severe psychosocial and academic impacts. However, there is limited knowledge about the mediators for these associations. This study investigated whether school dysfunction and comorbid psychopathologies mediated the link between autistic traits and cyberbullying. We used a nationally representative sample of 9,483 students (9-14 years of age). The instruments included the Social Responsiveness Scale for autistic traits; the Cyberbullying Experiences Questionnaire for cyberbullying victimization and perpetration; the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV for inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional behaviors; the Child Behavior Checklist for anxiety/depression; and the Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents for impaired school functions. Multiple mediation models were used for statistical analyses. The results showed that the 1-year prevalence rates of pure victims, pure perpetrators, and bully-victims of cyberbullying were 7.9 percent, 2.4 percent, and 5.7 percent, respectively. Cyberbullying victimization and perpetration were positively associated with autistic traits, school dysfunction, and comorbid psychopathologies. The associations between autistic traits and cyberbullying victims and bully-victims were significantly mediated by school dysfunction and hyperactivity/impulsivity (only for bully-victims), independent of sex and age. Our results suggest that early identification and intervention of these difficulties may mitigate the risks of cyberbullying. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02707848.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ti Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ming Tai
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao G, Wei X, Liu J, Li X. The association between childhood trauma and adolescent cyberbullying: chain mediating roles of emotional intelligence and online social anxiety. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1184382. [PMID: 37324819 PMCID: PMC10267877 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1184382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explored the impact of childhood trauma on adolescent cyberbullying and the mediating roles of emotional intelligence and online social anxiety between them. Methods The Childhood Trauma Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Chinese Brief Version of the Social Media User Social Anxiety Scale and Cyber Bullying Scale were used to assess 1,046 adolescents [boys: 297, girls: 749, average age = 15.79 years] from four schools in Shandong Province, China. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results (1) Childhood trauma was positively associated with adolescents' cyberbullying; (2) Emotional intelligence and online social anxiety played partial mediating roles in the relationship between childhood trauma and cyberbullying; (3) Emotional intelligence and online social anxiety played a chain mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and cyberbullying. Conclusion This study reveals the relationship and mediating mechanisms between childhood trauma and cyberbullying. It provides implications for the theory and prevention of cyberbullying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghai Cao
- College of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
- College of Teacher Education, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- College of Teacher Education, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Teacher Education, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Xianyin Li
- College of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rębisz S, Jasińska-Maciążek A, Grygiel P, Dolata R. Psycho-Social Correlates of Cyberbullying among Polish Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085521. [PMID: 37107803 PMCID: PMC10139186 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyberbullying has recently attracted attention due to its increasing prevalence and serious consequences for both victims and perpetrators. The objective of this population-based study was to examine the determinants of a person becoming a perpetrator of cyberbullying, including personal resources (emotional self-regulation, self-esteem, internal locus of control, optimism), social skills (prosocial behavior, assertiveness, cognitive empathy, cooperation), peer relationships (peer support, threats from peers, peer rejection, dislike of peers), and problematic Internet use (excessive Internet use, impulsive reactions to Internet deprivation). Participants (N = 541) were students at elementary schools (age 14-15) in Ostroleka, a city in central-eastern Poland. Two-part regression was used to explore protective/risk factors of the likelihood of an individual using cyberviolence (dichotomous part: involvement in violence) and how often it is used (continuous part: frequency of cyberbullying). The results showed that the emotional component is crucial to cyberbullying, as indicated by the importance of emotional self-control, which reduces the frequency of cyberbullying. Other important factors are assertiveness, impulsive response to limited Internet access (which increases the likelihood of engaging in cyberbullying) and fear of peers (which reduces its frequency). In turn, the importance of pro-sociality (which inhibits engagement) and peer support (which promotes engagement) points to the second important component of cyberbullying-that is, group mechanisms. At the same time, the results indicate that while the importance of Internet addiction as a risk factor for cyberbullying should not be underestimated, the amount of time spent online cannot be seen as the source of the problem. The study leads to the conclusion that effective interventions targeting cyberbullying should focus on the development of more adaptive styles of coping with emotions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Rębisz
- Institute of Education, University of Rzeszów, ul. Ks. Jałowego 24, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Paweł Grygiel
- Institute of Education, Jagiellonian University, ul. Batorego 12, 31-135 Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman Dolata
- Faculty of Education, University of Warsaw, ul. Mokotowska 16/20, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gan X, Qin KN, Xiang GX, Jin X. The relationship between parental neglect and cyberbullying perpetration among Chinese adolescent: The sequential role of cyberbullying victimization and internet gaming disorder. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1128123. [PMID: 37033014 PMCID: PMC10076721 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1128123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization have been common public health issues that have impaired the development of adolescent physical and mental health. Abundant research has proven associations between negative parental factors and cyberbullying perpetration. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the impact of parental neglect on cyberbullying and its internal mechanisms. Based on the parental acceptance-rejection theory (PARTheory) and the general aggression model (GAM), the present study constructs a sequential mediation model in which parental neglect is related to adolescent cyberbullying perpetration through cyberbullying victimization and internet gaming disorder (IGD). Using random cluster sampling, a total of 699 middle school students (M age = 14.18 years, SD = 1.22, and 324 boys) were recruited from five schools in three provinces on mainland China. The participants completed questionnaires regarding parental neglect, cyberbullying perpetration, cyberbullying victimization, and IGD. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that parental neglect was positively associated with cyberbullying perpetration. The mediating effects of cyberbullying victimization and IGD in this relationship are significant both individually and jointly. The current findings have important implications for enlightening families and schools to pay particular attention to adolescents' experiences of parental neglect and provide them with timely feedback and assistance. This will contribute to the prevention and reduction of adolescent involvement in cyberbullying perpetration.
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiang GX, Zhang YH, Gan X, Qin KN, Zhou YN, Li M, Jin X. Cyberbullying and internet gaming disorder in Chinese youth: The role of positive youth development attributes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1017123. [PMID: 36478713 PMCID: PMC9720301 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As digital natives, young people enjoy the convenience and benefits of the internet but also suffer from unique developmental problems of this age, such as cyberbullying and internet gaming disorder (IGD). Research suggests that these online problem behaviors enjoy high prevalence and various negative impacts. To prevent or intervene, this study attempts to explore the association between cyberbullying and IGD and the potential protectors from the positive youth development (PYD) perspective. Methods Through the convenience sampling method, a sample of 463 Chinese adolescents was recruited and participated in the survey. They completed a questionnaire regarding PYD attributes, cyberbullying, IGD, and demographic information. Results After controlling adolescents' sex and age, results of regression analyses indicated that cyberbullying was positively associated with IGD; PYD attributes had negative cumulative effects on cyberbullying and IGD; and cyberbullying and IGD were negatively related to PYD attributes. Moreover, the mediating effect of PYD attributes was significant in the relationship between cyberbullying and IGD. Discussion Specifically, it is very possible for adolescents who have experienced one online problem behavior to suffer from another one. Fortunately, positive personal attributes could effectively buffer this cascading effect. These findings may provide theoretical and practical guidance for practitioners that improving PYD attributes may be a promising approach to prevent or reduce adolescent cyberbullying and IGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xing Xiang
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhang
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yan-Hong Zhang
| | - Xiong Gan
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China,Xiong Gan
| | - Ke-Nan Qin
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ning Zhou
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Psychology, Yangtze University College of Technology and Engineering, Jingzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smahel D, Gulec H, Lokajova A, Dedkova L, Machackova H. The integrative model of ICT effects on Adolescents’ well-being (iMEW): The synthesis of theories from developmental psychology, media and communications, and health. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2135501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Smahel
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hayriye Gulec
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adela Lokajova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Dedkova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Machackova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Association of Cyberbullying and Internet Use Disorder. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:575-588. [PMID: 36160297 PMCID: PMC9483413 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to critically assess the published studies on the relationship between cyberbullying and internet use disorder (IUD), and propose directions for further study. Recent Findings There were only four prospective studies out of thirty-two reviewed studies conducted since 2004, with only one prospective study conducted during the past 5 years. The field of study has been stagnant during the past 5 years with the vast majority of studies conducted on primary or secondary education and failing to address cyberbullying and IUD in social media and online gaming. Summary Cyberbullying and IUD have been described since the nineties, yet there are still significant issues with their definition and research. Lately, both these problematic behaviors are sharing the same environments in social media and online gaming. This critical appraisal of published research examined thirty-two published peer-reviewed studies carried out since 2004. Findings indicate a number of significant issues including an overreliance on cross-sectional study design, near-exclusive focus on primary and secondary education students, widespread employment of unstandardized measures for cyberbullying and IUD, and lack of assessment for objective measures of psychological distress. Directions for future research are offered.
Collapse
|
10
|
He N, Houmei H, Wang M, Li H. Problematic Internet Use and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Chinese Adolescents: the Mediating and Moderating Roles of Negative Emotions. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
11
|
Personal Cell Phones among Children: Parental Perception of Content-Related Threats and Attempts to Control Them in a Lithuanian Sample. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12060185. [PMID: 35735395 PMCID: PMC9219742 DOI: 10.3390/bs12060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Various content-related threats such as provocative content, disinformation, cyberbullying, or sexual and commercial messages might reach children by phone and have a negative effect on their health. Amongst parents who are able to control it, we aimed to assess parental attitudes towards the use of mobile phones among children and control measures taken. Materials and Methods: A total number of 619 parents of primary school children from a middle-sized town in Lithuania participated in this study. Parents anonymously filled out our original questionnaire. Distribution of the respondents was assessed according to control measures taken, threat awareness, and sociodemographic factors. Results: Most of the respondents (79.8%) thought that personal mobile phones might be harmful to children’s health, 99.5% of the parents used at least one control measure. Further, 91.9% of the respondents did not think that children might receive messages from strangers. Respectively, 85.5% and 95.2% of the parents thought that children do not receive offensive or sexual content messages. Many parents (25.5%) helped their children register to social networks. Parents with lower education and parents of younger children had lower awareness of threats (p < 0.05). Fathers, higher educated, single, and unemployed parents indicated application of fewer control measures (p < 0.05). Other sociodemographic factors were not related with threat awareness or control measures taken (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Nearly all parents of primary school children take measures in order to control their children’s usage of mobile phones but most of them underestimate content-related threats brought by mobile phones.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cebollero-Salinas A, Orejudo S, Cano-Escoriaza J, Íñiguez-Berrozpe T. Cybergossip and Problematic Internet Use in cyberaggression and cybervictimisation among adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Khan NF, Ikram N, Saleem S, Zafar S. Cyber-security and risky behaviors in a developing country context: a Pakistani perspective. SECURITY JOURNAL 2022. [PMCID: PMC9148392 DOI: 10.1057/s41284-022-00343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyber-security behavior research is scant with even scarce studies carried out in developing countries. We examine the cyber-security and risky Internet behaviors of undergraduate students from Pakistan, taking into account the diversity of these students in terms of demographics, socioeconomic status, and the digital divide. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire. A total of 294 students belonging to six different cities of Pakistan were surveyed employing multistage stratified sampling in face-to-face interaction. The results indicated significant differences of cyber-security posture in terms of gender, age and digital divide variables. The profiles of students based on cyber-security and risky Internet behaviors indicate three groups with a majority of them falling into group that exhibits more risk-averse yet low cyber-security behavior. Moreover, proactive cyber-security awareness behavior has a positive impact on high risk-averse behavior. The implications of the findings are studied in terms of providing customized training and awareness. The future directions are laid out for further explorations in terms of cultural differences within and cross-country contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naveed Ikram
- Riphah International University, Main Campus, I-14, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Saleem
- Riphah International University, Main Campus, I-14, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saad Zafar
- Riphah International University, Main Campus, I-14, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cano-Gonzalez I, Charak R, Gilbar O, Viñas-Racionero R, Strait MK. Witnessing Parental Violence and Cyber IPV Perpetration in Hispanic Emerging Adults: The Mediating Role of Attitudes Toward IPV. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP8115-NP8137. [PMID: 33246379 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520975834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the perpetration of intimate partner violence via cyberspaces (cyber IPV), namely, psychological aggression, sexual aggression, and cyberstalking is high among emerging adults. However, little is known of the risk factors that lead to cyber IPV and far lesser within Hispanic adults. Based on the intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis, the present study examined the indirect effect of witnessing parental violence during childhood on the three types of cyber IPV through attitudes condoning IPV in Hispanic men and women, separately. Participants were 1,136 Hispanic emerging adults in the age range of 18-29 years (M = 20.53 years, SD = 2.42; 72.5% women, 88% Mexican descent). Over half of the participants (54.2%) witnessed at least one instance of parental violence during childhood. In contrast to women, men were more likely to hold attitudes accepting of IPV and perpetrate cyber sexual IPV, whereas women were more likely to report cyberstalking perpetration. Men and women with exposure to mother-to-father violence held attitudes justifying IPV that was associated with perpetrating the three cyber IPV types in adulthood (women: Brange = .016-.036; men: Brange = .016-.024). No significant gender differences were found in the associations of mother-to-father WPV and father-to-mother WPV on the three types of cyber IPV perpetration. These findings are discussed in the context of Hispanic culture, which has specific implications for cyber IPV intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruby Charak
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Megan K Strait
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yee AZH, Sng JRH. Animal Crossing and COVID-19: A Qualitative Study Examining How Video Games Satisfy Basic Psychological Needs During the Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:800683. [PMID: 35465561 PMCID: PMC9022176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.800683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way many people live their lives. The increasing amount of time spent indoors and isolated during periods of lockdown has been accompanied by an increase in the time people spend playing video games. One such game which soared in popularity during the early stages of the pandemic was Animal Crossing: New Horizons. Through semi-structured interviews with players, and using a theory-informed qualitative analysis, we document and examine players’ motivations and experiences playing Animal Crossing: New Horizons during the pandemic. Findings suggest that playing the game helped satisfy various psychological needs—autonomy, relatedness, and competence—as described by Self-Determination Theory. Conversely, players stopped playing the game when they found that their psychological needs were thwarted or better met through other activities. Our findings offer support that video games can offer psychological relief in stressful contexts by providing opportunities for people to satisfy key psychological needs. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. H. Yee
- Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Andrew Z. H. Yee,
| | - Jeremy R. H. Sng
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Villanueva-Moya L, Herrera MC, Sánchez-Hernández MD, Expósito F. #Instacomparison: Social Comparison and Envy as Correlates of Exposure to Instagram and Cyberbullying Perpetration. Psychol Rep 2022; 126:1284-1304. [PMID: 35084240 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211067390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Instagram is a popular social networking site (SNS) among adolescents that allows them to share visual content about their lives quickly and easily, increasing social connection, acceptation, and entertainment among others. Nevertheless, SNS exposure can also lead to negative counterparts such as judgments, envy, social comparison, or cyberbullying perpetration. This research aimed to analyze the possible psychosocial factors associated with Instagram use (i.e., social comparison and envy) that could lead to the perpetration of cyberbullying towards peers. The sample consisted of 254 adolescent students aged between 15 and 18 years-old (Mage = 15.77, SD = 0.74). The results indicated that high connection time to Instagram, high levels of social comparison and malicious envy were associated with an increased tendency to carry out cyberbullying perpetration's behaviors. Likewise, the main finding showed that a high connection time to Instagram was associated with increased social comparison, which in turn was associated with malicious envy, and consequently with an increased tendency to carry out cyberbullying perpetration's behaviors. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the psychosocial processes that might precede to perpetrate cyberbullying's behaviors -among peers, as well as to promote the development of educational programs intend to encourage the responsible use of SNSs during adolescence.
Collapse
|
17
|
Vessey JA, Difazio RL, Neil LK, Dorste A. Is There a Relationship Between Youth Bullying and Internet Addiction? An Integrative Review. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-25. [PMID: 35018144 PMCID: PMC8735727 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth bullying is a global public health problem; Internet addiction is on the rise globally among youths. Because the linkage between these behaviors has not been clearly explicated, this integrative review evaluated the relevant empirical evidence. A search of five electronic databases identified 2,761 original citations published between January 2000 and May 2019. After further abstract screening and detailed evaluation of 262 full-text articles, the final sample consisted of 14 prospective descriptive studies representing 10 countries. Review results clearly established that the relationship between bullying and Internet addiction is firmly supported; less is known as to the contribution of gender, age, and other demographic variables, their impact on health outcomes, problematic behaviors, and the role of parental mediation. Inconsistent definitions and instrumentation and lack of sophisticated study designs limited the synthesis of findings. Future research is needed to explicate these relationships, so data-driven interventions can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Vessey
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA
- Medicine Patient Services, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rachel L. Difazio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine , Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura K. Neil
- Hematology/Oncology Nursing, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Anna Dorste
- Medical Library, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Moretta T, Buodo G, Demetrovics Z, Potenza MN. Tracing 20 years of research on problematic use of the internet and social media: Theoretical models, assessment tools, and an agenda for future work. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 112:152286. [PMID: 34749058 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in the impact of internet use and growing concern about whether problematic use of the internet (PUI) constitutes an addiction. Despite the growing number of studies investigating PUI and PUI subtypes, its conceptualization and inclusion in a classification system have not been possible yet. Several models aimed at inspiring clinical research and practice have proposed possible mechanisms involved in PUI and problematic use of social media, and multiple self-report instruments have been consequentially developed. The diversity of theoretical models and instruments currently hinders standardized assessment procedures across studies and, in turn, their comparability. The purpose of the present overview is to highlight the current conceptualization and assessment of both PUI and problematic use of social media, in order to critically discuss the existing fragmentation in the field and the need to achieve conceptual convergence. Two suggestions for future directions are also provided, i.e., define diagnostic criteria by bottom-up and top-down processes and develop a psychobiological hypothesis including the description of higher-order mechanisms involved in PUI and not other psychopathological conditions (e.g., the multiple available internet-related cues and outcomes that may lead to parallel forms of associative learning; probabilities of obtaining internet-related reinforcements; and intrinsic motivation processes).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Who Is Exposed to Harmful Online Content? The Role of Risk and Protective Factors Among Czech, Finnish, and Spanish Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:2294-2310. [PMID: 33745076 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although adolescents' exposure to harmful online content has been linked to decreased subjective well-being and offline risky behaviors, there is limited research on the factors that underlie such problematic online behavior. Using the conceptual framework of Problem Behavior Theory, this study examined the role of risk (i.e., emotional problems, sensation seeking) and protective (i.e., the quality of family environment, social support from friends) factors in exposure to harmful online content among 4473 12- to 16-year-olds (M = 13.9, SD = 1.3, 49% girls) in the Czech Republic, Finland, and Spain. Individual country samples included 1848 adolescents from the Czech Republic (age: M = 14, SD = 1.4; 51% girls), 788 from Finland (age: M = 13.9, SD = 1.3; 52% girls), and 1837 from Spain (age: M = 13.5, SD = 1.2; 47% girls). In all of the sampled countries, emotional problems and sensation seeking served as risk factors, whereas good family relationships were protective. In some countries, the effects of emotional problems and sensation seeking were moderated by the quality of the family environment and social support from friends. These moderating effects suggest that individual risk factors for exposure to harmful online content may be buffered by a positive family environment and friends' support. The findings revealed similarities in the risk and protective factors underlying online problem behavior across three different countries. They demonstrate that the mechanisms proposed by Problem Behavior Theory can help to understand the etiology of adolescent problem behavior across different countries as well as offline and online contexts.
Collapse
|
20
|
Marttila E, Koivula A, Räsänen P. Cybercrime Victimization and Problematic Social Media Use: Findings from a Nationally Representative Panel Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE : AJCJ 2021; 46:862-881. [PMID: 34848939 PMCID: PMC8614072 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-021-09665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
According to criminological research, online environments create new possibilities for criminal activity and deviant behavior. Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a habitual pattern of excessive use of social media platforms. Past research has suggested that PSMU predicts risky online behavior and negative life outcomes, but the relationship between PSMU and cybercrime victimization is not properly understood. In this study, we use the framework of routine activity theory (RAT) and lifestyle-exposure theory (LET) to examine the relationship between PSMU and cybercrime victimization. We analyze how PSMU is linked to cybercrime victimization experiences. We explore how PSMU predicts cybercrime victimization, especially under those risky circumstances that generally increase the probability of victimization. Our data come from nationally representative surveys, collected in Finland in 2017 and 2019. The results of the between-subjects tests show that problematic PSMU correlates relatively strongly with cybercrime victimization. Within-subjects analysis shows that increased PSMU increases the risk of victimization. Overall, the findings indicate that, along with various confounding factors, PSMU has a notable cumulative effect on victimization. The article concludes with a short summary and discussion of the possible avenues for future research on PSMU and cybercrime victimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Marttila
- Economic Sociology, Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Aki Koivula
- Economic Sociology, Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Räsänen
- Economic Sociology, Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Predictors of Problematic Social Media Use in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents in Luxembourg. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211878. [PMID: 34831633 PMCID: PMC8619406 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Social media use has increased substantially over the past decades, especially among adolescents. A proportion of adolescents develop a pattern of problematic social media use (PSMU). Predictors of PSMU are insufficiently understood and researched. This study aims to investigate predictors of PSMU in a nationally representative sample of adolescents in Luxembourg. Data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Luxembourg were used, in which 8687 students aged 11–18 years old participated. The data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. A range of sociodemographic, social support, well-being and media use predictors were added to the model in four blocks. The predictors in the final model explained 22.3% of the variance in PSMU. The block of sociodemographic predictors explained the lowest proportion of variance in PSMU compared with the other blocks. Age negatively predicted PSMU. Of the predictors related to social support, cyberbullying perpetration was the strongest predictor of PSMU. Perceived stress and psychosomatic complaints positively predicted PSMU. The intensity of electronic media communication and preference for online social interaction were stronger predictors of PSMU than the other predictors in the model. The results indicate that prevention efforts need to consider the diverse range of predictors related to PSMU.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wachs S, Mazzone A, Milosevic T, Wright MF, Blaya C, Gámez-Guadix M, O'Higgins Norman J. Online correlates of cyberhate involvement among young people from ten European countries: An application of the Routine Activity and Problem Behaviour Theory. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
23
|
Biolcati R, Pupi V, Mancini G. Cyber dating abuse and ghosting behaviours: personality and gender roles in romantic relationships. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 10:240-251. [PMID: 38013819 PMCID: PMC10535627 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyber dating abuse (CDA) refers to physical, verbal, and psychological violence perpetrated towards a romantic partner via technology and social media. Another emerging form of online abuse is ghosting, a silent strategy to dissolve undesired relationships without openly having to break them up. The aims of the current study were (i) to explore the relationship between CDA and ghosting behaviours in romantic relationships and (ii) to investigate the roles of gender and personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, emotional stability, openness) in prediction of CDA (perpetration and victimization). PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE A sample of 409 participants (64.8% females), aged between 18 and 53 years (Mage = 26.40, SD = 6.06), took part in the study. RESULTS CDA and ghosting behaviours are interrelated, and women were more prone than men were to use ghosting strategies, such as stopping messages abruptly and punishing the partner through silence. Moreover, gender and personality traits differently predicted direct aggression and control/monitoring perpetration and direct aggression victimization, but they were not significant predictors of control/ monitoring victimization. CONCLUSIONS The findings are discussed in light of gender differences to improve our understanding of the psychological factors involved in cyber dating violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Biolcati
- Department of Education Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Virginia Pupi
- Department of Education Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mancini
- Department of Education Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yudes C, Rey L, Extremera N. The Moderating Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Problematic Internet Use and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Adolescents: Gender Differences. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:2902-2921. [PMID: 34240633 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211031792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A large body of literature has identified the problematic Internet use as a risk factor for cyberbullying perpetration. Nevertheless, the studies on protective factors that may moderate this relationship are still scarce. The purpose of the present study was to examine if the emotional intelligence is a moderator in the relationship between problematic Internet use and cyberbullying perpetration. A total of 2039 Spanish adolescents between 12 to 18 years filled out three self-report questionnaires to evaluate these variables. Results indicated that cyberbullying perpetration was positively associated with problematic Internet use and negatively with emotional intelligence. On the other hand, problematic Internet use was negatively related to emotional intelligence, being this relationship stronger in girls. With respect to the possible buffering effect, emotional intelligence moderated the relation between problematic Internet use and cyberbullying perpetration in boys, especially at lower levels. These findings suggest that emotional intelligence is a personal resource which have an important protective role for the problematic Internet use in adolescents. Implications for the preventive interventions of cyberbullying perpetration are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Yudes
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology, 16752University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rey
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, Faculty of Psychology, 16752University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Natalio Extremera
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Malaga, Faculty of Psychology, 16752University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Werling AM, Walitza S, Drechsler R. Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on screen media use in patients referred for ADHD to child and adolescent psychiatry: an introduction to problematic use of the internet in ADHD and results of a survey. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1033-1043. [PMID: 33885969 PMCID: PMC8060336 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown have been associated with multiple consequences for mental health, including an excessive and potentially harmful increase in screen media use. The specific consequences for children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD are still unknown. In the first part of this study, a short review of problematic use of the internet (PUI) in ADHD is presented, showing that patients with ADHD are at risk for different aspects of PUI, such as excessive gaming or problematic social media use. In the second part, we report original data of an online survey on screen media use before, during and after the lockdown completed by parents of children and adolescents clinically referred for ADHD. Parents rated children's/adolescents' media-related behavior and media time on a new screening questionnaire for PUI. Each item was rated three times, referring to the observed behavior before, during and 1-2 months after the lockdown. N = 126 parents of patients referred for ADHD aged 10-18 years participated in the study. Total media time increased by 46% during the lockdown and did not completely return to pre-Corona levels afterwards. Patients with difficulties concentrating, high irritability or deterioration of ADHD problems under lockdown spent more time with screen media than those with milder or no such problems. While the effects of the lockdown on screen media use and its negative impact on everyday life appear to be largely reversible, a small proportion of patients with ADHD apparently continue to show increased media use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Werling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, Neuropsychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Eisengasse 16, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, Neuropsychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Eisengasse 16, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renate Drechsler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, Neuropsychology, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Eisengasse 16, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bianchi D, Morelli M, Baiocco R, Cattelino E, Chirumbolo A. Patterns of love and sexting in teen dating relationships: The moderating role of conflicts. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:133-155. [PMID: 34109733 PMCID: PMC9292559 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
According to the triangular love theory, this study investigated the roles of three components of love (i.e., passion, intimacy, commitment) and the moderating role of conflicts in predicting different forms of sexting (i.e., experimental, nonconsensual, under pressure) in teen dating relationships. Participants were 409 adolescents (Mage = 17.20, SDage = 1.61; 62.6% girls) who completed an online questionnaire. Three moderated regressions were performed. Conflicts positively predicted all forms of sexting. Passion positively predicted experimental sexting. Intimacy negatively predicted experimental and nonconsensual sexting, and positively predicted sexting under pressure. Three interaction effects emerged, pointing out the moderating role of conflicts. Passion positively predicted nonconsensual sexting in the presence of high conflicts, while this relationship became negative when conflicts were low. Commitment negatively predicted nonconsensual sexting and sexting under pressure in the presence of high conflicts, but these relationships were not significant when conflicts were low. Research and applicative implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Bianchi
- Department of Social & Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Morelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Social & Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Cattelino
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Savoia E, Harriman NW, Su M, Cote T, Shortland N. Adolescents' Exposure to Online Risks: Gender Disparities and Vulnerabilities Related to Online Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115786. [PMID: 34072253 PMCID: PMC8199225 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, readily available electronic devices have created unprecedented opportunities for teens to access a wide variety of information and media-both positive and negative-on the internet. Despite the increasing number of initiatives taking place worldwide intended to assess and mitigate the online risks encountered by children and adolescents, there is still a need for a better understanding of how adolescents use the internet and their susceptibility to exposure to risks in the online space. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of a convenience sample of 733 8th and 9th grade students in Utah. The survey contained eight questions regarding students' exposure to three types of online risk scenarios: content risk, contact risk, and criminal risk. Independent variables included students' online behaviors, use of social media and private messaging apps, and adult supervision of online activities. Logistic and negative binomial regression models indicated that gender, social media use, and chatting with strangers were associated with exposure to multiple risky online scenarios. Our results provide critical information to educators involved in the development of initiatives focusing on the reduction of youth online risk by identifying correlates of risky online events, allowing them to tailor their initiatives to meet the needs of potentially vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Savoia
- Community Safety Branch of the Emergency Preparedness, Research, Evaluation, and Practice Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.W.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Nigel Walsh Harriman
- Community Safety Branch of the Emergency Preparedness, Research, Evaluation, and Practice Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.W.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Max Su
- Community Safety Branch of the Emergency Preparedness, Research, Evaluation, and Practice Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.W.H.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Neil Shortland
- Center for Terrorism and Security Studies, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Awad E, Haddad C, Sacre H, Hallit R, Soufia M, Salameh P, Obeid S, Hallit S. Correlates of bullying perpetration among Lebanese adolescents: a national study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:204. [PMID: 33910536 PMCID: PMC8080331 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Presently, 1 in 4 Lebanese adolescents is involved in bullying, with 12% being perpetrators. In Lebanon, around 90% of bullying incidents occur in schools. Given the lack of studies tackling bullying perpetration in Lebanon, this study aims to identify and target risk factors of bullying perpetration among Lebanese adolescents, which would serve future prevention and intervention programs. Methods This cross-sectional study took place between January and May 2019 in a proportionate random sample of schools from all Lebanese districts. A total of 1810 (90.5%) out of 2000 students accepted to participate. Results Results showed that 831 (49.1%, CI: 0.46–0.51) participants had bullied other people. A stepwise linear regression, using as the dependent variable the bullying perpetration score, showed that higher psychological (β = 0.12; 95% CI 0.083–0.176), sexual (β = 0.26; 95% CI 0.128–0.411), neglect (β = 0.08; 95% CI 0.051–0.120), physical abuse (β = 0.13; 95% CI 0.036–0.235), higher internet addiction (β = 0.07; 95% CI 0.057–0.097), higher social fear (β = 0.10; 95% CI 0.075–0.140), and having separated parents (β = 1.60; 95% CI 0.561–2.650) were significantly associated with more bullying perpetration. Higher social avoidance (β = − 0.03; 95% CI -0.062- -0.003) was significantly associated with less bullying perpetration. Conclusion The results revealed that bullying perpetration is significantly associated with parental status, child abuse, internet addiction, and social fear. Educational and relevant governmental institutions could use our findings to develop and implement efficient bullying prevention and intervention programs for all involved parties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Awad
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology Department, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CH Esquirol, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France.,INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Michel Soufia
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon.,University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. .,INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Social support and cyberbullying for university students: The mediating role of internet addiction and the moderating role of stress. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Machimbarrena JM, González-Cabrera J, Montiel I, Ortega-Barón J. An Exploratory Analysis of Different Problematic Internet Use Profiles in Cybervictims, Cyberbullies, and Cyberbully Victims. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2021; 24:664-672. [PMID: 33606563 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Internet has brought about a paradigm shift in the lives of many people, especially adolescents. While it has opened great possibilities, it has also led to various risks such as cyberbullying and problematic Internet use (PIU). These two constructs have been extensively researched individually and jointly, but the existence of different profiles of problematic use according to the role a person assumes in the context of cyberbullying has not yet been explored. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to analyze the different PIU profiles of those who have been cybervictims, cyberbullies, and cyberbully victims. An analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on 25,341 adolescents between 10 and 18 years of age (14.60 ± 1.68). The Cyberbullying Triangulation Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Spanish version of the Generalized and Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS2) were used. The results indicate that cybervictims (6.4 percent), cyberbullies (4.3 percent), and cyberbully victims (2.7 percent) have different profiles of PIU (p < 0.001). Two common profiles emerge from the three roles: one of nonproblematic use and the other of severe problematic use. Participants who presented severe problematic use are the ones who obtained higher scores in cybervictimization and cyberaggression, particularly in the case of cyberbully victims. Furthermore, this profile is 7.6 (IC99 percent:6.11-9.44) times more likely to present PIU than noninvolved adolescents. These results are relevant when planning cyberbullying-focused interventions and programs because of the association between cyberbullying and general PIU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irene Montiel
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Jéssica Ortega-Barón
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Samara M, Massarwi AA, El-Asam A, Hammuda S, Smith PK, Morsi H. The Mediating Role of Bullying and Victimisation on the Relationship Between Problematic Internet Use and Substance Abuse Among Adolescents in the UK: The Parent-Child Relationship as a Moderator. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:493385. [PMID: 34777028 PMCID: PMC8581192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.493385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, research into the negative effects of problematic internet use has greatly increased. The current study adopted a mediation-moderation model in exploring the relationship between problematic internet use and substance abuse (drinking, drug use, and smoking tobacco cigarettes) among 1,613 adolescents (aged 10-16) in the UK. The findings of the study revealed a significant positive correlation between problematic internet use and substance abuse, which is mediated by traditional and cyber bullying and victimisation. Furthermore, the parent-child relationship was found to be a protective factor that moderated the correlation between problematic internet use and substance abuse and the correlation between problematic internet use and traditional bullying. The study emphasises the critical need to reduce problematic internet use among adolescents as a risk factor for involvement in bullying as perpetrators and victims, in addition to substance abuse. Furthermore, the findings of the study highlight the importance of a good parent-child relationship as a protective factor among adolescents. In light of the findings of the study, interventions for reducing problematic internet use taking into account bullying and the parent-child relationship are needed among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthanna Samara
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
| | - Adeem Ahmad Massarwi
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom.,Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Aiman El-Asam
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Hammuda
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
| | - Peter K Smith
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hisham Morsi
- National Centre for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nik Jaafar NR, Bahar N, Ibrahim N, Baharudin A, Wan Ismail WS, Sim ST, Abdul Aziz M, Tan KA. Are Malaysian Youths Overdependent on the Internet?: A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:710790. [PMID: 34484002 PMCID: PMC8414518 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.710790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overdependence on the internet is a grave concern that has enveloped Malaysian youths which could lead to a variety of sequelae. This narrative review aims to determine the definition of internet overdependence and its associated factors, as well as the potential preventive and treatment strategies for internet overdependence. From the literature, internet overdependence is regarded as a 3-factor model encompassing salience, self-control failure, and serious consequences. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as psychosocial factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness, were found to be associated with internet overdependence among Malaysian youths. A multimodal treatment approach is recommended by the implementation of various types of treatments, integrating disciplines such as pharmacology, psychotherapy, and family counseling. Despite various terminologies being used and unclear conceptualization of its nomenclature, overdependence on the internet is prevalent among youths in Malaysia. Future research should go toward establishing a clear definition of its terminology and attaining more robust evidence on treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Norharlina Bahar
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Prince Court Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normala Ibrahim
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Azlin Baharudin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Salwina Wan Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Su Tein Sim
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,AHL Specialist Clinic, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Melisa Abdul Aziz
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Aun Tan
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Prediction of Trolling behavior from sadism and Internet addiction in young adults of Buenos Aires. INTERACCIONES: REVISTA DE AVANCES EN PSICOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.24016/2020.v6n3.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Trolling is a very topical phenomenon, but much less studied unlike other problems related to new technologies. The present study evaluated the levels of trolling in adults from sadism and internet addiction. Method: For this purpose, an intentional sample of 708 adults of both genders (56% women, age M = 25 years SD = 8.7), from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) and Greater Buenos Aires (GBA), Argentina is selected. Participants answered the Trolling Questionnaire by Buckels et al., On Sadistic Tendencies by Paulhus et al., On Internet Addiction by Lam-Figueroa et al. and a demographic questionnaire. The data indicated that both vicarious sadism, outright sadism, and dysfunctionality in Internet use were predictors of trolling. Results: The results suggested an association of trolling with age and differences according to gender. A structural model to predict trolling based on sadism as a latent variable and internet addiction shows an adequate fit CFI = .99, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .04, indicating that sadism predicted trolling and internet addiction. Conclusion: Sadism is an important predictor for trolling behavior over the internet, where individuals with these characteristics take advantage of anonymity to carry out their aggressive behaviors.
Collapse
|
34
|
The drawbacks of Information and Communication Technologies: Interplay and psychopathological risk of nomophobia and cyber-bullying, results from the bullying and youth mental health Naples study (BYMHNS). COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
35
|
Maghsoudi R, Shapka J, Wisniewski P. Examining how online risk exposure and online social capital influence adolescent psychological stress. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
36
|
Online Relationships and Social Media Interaction in Youth Problem Gambling: A Four-Country Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218133. [PMID: 33153222 PMCID: PMC7663674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine if belonging to online communities and social media identity bubbles predict youth problem gambling. An online survey was administered to 15–25-year-old participants in the United States (N = 1212), South Korea (N = 1192), Spain (N = 1212), and Finland (N = 1200). The survey measured two dimensions of online behavior: perceived sense of belonging to an online community and involvement in social media identity bubbles. Belonging to an online community was examined with a single item and involvement in social media identity bubbles was measured with the six-item Identity Bubble Reinforcement Scale. The South Oaks Gambling Screen was used to assess problem gambling. Statistical analyses utilized linear regression modeling. According to the analyses, strong sense of belonging to an online community was associated with higher problem gambling, but the association was observed mainly among those young individuals who were also involved in social media identity bubbles. For those youths who did not indicate identity bubble involvement, online relationships appeared to function as those offline. Some differences across the four countries were observed but overall, the results indicate that social media identity bubbles could partly explain the harmful influence that some online relations have on youth behavior.
Collapse
|
37
|
Dahl D, Bergmark KH. Problematic internet use: A scoping review – longitudinal research on a contemporary social problem, 2006–2017. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2020; 37:497-525. [PMID: 35308651 PMCID: PMC8899278 DOI: 10.1177/1455072520941997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Problematic internet use (PIU), and kindred concepts such as internet addiction (IA), make up a growing research field, partly due to the suggested inclusion of internet gaming disorder in a future DSM-6 as well as the fact that gaming disorder is on its way to being included in the ICD-11. Conclusions from research are far from unified. This study aims to synthesise the research field of problematic internet use/internet addiction/gaming disorder, with a focus on the reporting of prevalence and change. Methods: Longitudinal studies of PIU/IA formed the basis for a scoping review. Systematic searches of Web of Science, Scopus and Proquest, for peer-reviewed and published articles based on empirical data collected at a minimum of two time points for studies, and with an end point set at 2017, led to the inclusion of 97 studies. Endnote X7 was used to organise the results and NVivo 11 was used for synthesising the results. Results: Analyses focused on prevalence and change. Findings show variation among measures and prevalence as well as in reported outcomes relating to social life and other problems. Most studies reported relations between PIU/IA and other problems in life, but no specific time order could be established. Furthermore, many studies did not present data on prevalence or change even though using a longitudinal survey design. Discussion and conclusions: In summary, the research field is plagued by a lack of consensus and common understanding, regarding both measures, perceptions of the problem, and findings.
Collapse
|
38
|
Bullying and Cyberbullying in Adolescents from Disadvantaged Areas: Validation of Questionnaires; Prevalence Rates; and Relationship to Self-Esteem, Empathy and Social Skills. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176199. [PMID: 32859073 PMCID: PMC7503649 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although bullying and cyberbullying have been widely studied in diverse geographical areas, the number of studies in isolated regions, located in rainforests such as the Peruvian Amazonia, is low. Most research has been conducted in wealthy, Western countries, although disadvantaged areas are usually the most affected by various problems. Thus, the aims of this study were to validate bullying and cyberbullying measurement instruments among adolescents in the Peruvian Amazonia, to determine the prevalence rates of bullying and cyberbullying among this population, and to examine how bullying and cyberbullying relate to self-esteem, empathy, and social skills. The sample included 607 students from the region of Loreto (Peruvian Amazonia) who completed self-report questionnaires. Both questionnaires used in the sample were found to have good psychometric properties. Results showed that bullying and cyberbullying are prevalent among teenagers in the Amazonia. Low self-esteem and high affective empathy predicted bullying victimization. Being a bully was related to high assertiveness. Being a bully-victim was related to low self-esteem and low assertiveness. Cybervictims showed higher cognitive empathy. Cyberbullies showed higher affective empathy in comparison to uninvolved adolescents. Having low self-esteem and higher affective empathy were related to being a cyberbully/victim. This study provides a validated questionnaire that can be used for research and practice in the Amazonia. Based on the current results, tailored anti-bullying and anti-cyberbullying interventions with components focused on self-esteem, empathy, and social skills should be implemented in Peruvian secondary schools.
Collapse
|
39
|
Amendola S, Spensieri V, Biuso GS, Cerutti R. The relationship between maladaptive personality functioning and problematic technology use in adolescence: A cluster analysis approach. Scand J Psychol 2020; 61:809-818. [PMID: 32754935 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, scientific research has explored the problematic use of internet, videogames and mobile phones. However, there is still little consistent knowledge regarding the co-occurrence of problematic technology use and the role of maladaptive personality characteristics in adolescence. The present study aimed to investigate adolescents' styles of technology use with a cluster analysis approach focusing on personality functioning. The sample comprised 408 Italian adolescents (46.3% males) aged 11 to 18 years (M age = 13.80; SD = 2.08). Data were collected using the Internet Addiction Test, the Videogame Dependency Scale, the Test of Mobile-Phone Dependence Brief Form and the Personality Inventory for DSM5 Brief Form. Results provided a four-cluster solution based on the co-occurrence of problematic technology use. The four clusters were labeled as follows: cluster 1: "Above average internet and mobile-phone use"; cluster 2: "Below average technology use"; cluster 3: "Above average videogame use"; and cluster 4: "Problematic technology use." Analyses on demographic variables (e.g., gender and age) demonstrated significant differences between the four groups. Adolescents with high levels of problematic technology use reported greater overall personality dysfunction than the other three groups. This finding supported our hypothesis on maladaptive personality functioning in adolescents at risk for addiction. Finally, the Antagonism domain played a specific role in differentiating the severity of adolescents' involvement in technology use. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to plan preventive interventions as well as therapeutic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Spensieri
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Biuso
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yudes C, Rey L, Extremera N. Predictive Factors of Cyberbullying Perpetration amongst Spanish Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113967. [PMID: 32503266 PMCID: PMC7313009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Cyberbullying has gained increased attention from society and researchers due both to its negative psychosocial consequences and the problems that have risen relating to the misuse of technology. Despite the growing number of scientific studies, most research has focused on victims of cyberbullying rather than on the cyberbullies. This study examines the predictive value of personal resources (emotional intelligence, gratitude, and core self-evaluations) and risk factors (cybervictimization, problematic Internet use), and parental control in online activities on adolescents' involvement in cyberbullying perpetration. (2) A total of 2039 Spanish adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age took part in this research (53.9% females). (3) Twenty-two percent of the sample was engaged in cyberbullying behaviors (more male adolescents). Insults and online social exclusion were the most frequent types of cyberbullying perpetration. Age, cybervictimization, problematic Internet use, and deficits in the use and regulation of emotions were the best predictors of cyberbullying perpetration. (4) Cyberbullying is a social reality in which personal and family variables converge on a particularly vulnerable age group. Our findings suggest that both well-known predictors of cyberbullying (cybervictimization and problematic Internet use) along with others less studied dimensions (i.e., emotional abilities) need to be taken into account in future school-based interventions aimed to prevent cyberbullying perpetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Yudes
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lourdes Rey
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Natalio Extremera
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Social Media Use and Cyber-Bullying: A Cross-National Analysis of Young People in 42 Countries. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:S100-S108. [PMID: 32446603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social media use (SMU) has become an intrinsic part of adolescent life. Negative consequences of SMU for adolescent health could include exposures to online forms of aggression. We explored age, gender, and cross-national differences in adolescents' engagement in SMU, then relationships between SMU and victimization and the perpetration of cyber-bullying. METHODS We used data on young people aged 11-15 years (weighted n = 180,919 in 42 countries) who participated in the 2017-2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Childrenstudy to describe engagement in the three types of SMU (intense, problematic, and talking with strangers online) by age and gender and then in the perpetration and victimization of cyber-bullying. Relationships between SMU and cyber-bullying outcomes were estimated using Poisson regression (weighted n = 166,647 from 42 countries). RESULTS Variations in SMU and cyber-bullying follow developmental and gender-based patterns across countries. In pooled analyses, engagement in SMU related to cyber-bullying victimization (adjusted relative risks = 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.19] to 1.48 [95% CI: 1.42-1.55]) and perpetration (adjusted relative risk = 1.31 [95% CI: 1.26-1.36] to 1.84 [95% CI: 1.74-1.95]). These associations were stronger for cyber-perpetration versus cyber-victimization and for girls versus boys. Problematic SMU was most strongly and consistently associated with cyber-bullying, both for victimization and perpetration. Stratified analyses showed that SMU related to cyber-victimization in 19%-45% of countries and to cyber-perpetration in 38%-86% of countries. CONCLUSIONS Accessibility to social media and its pervasive use has led to new opportunities for online aggression. The time adolescents spend on social media, engage in problematic use, and talk to strangers online each relate to cyber-bullying and merit public health intervention. Problematic use of social media poses the strongest and most consistent risk.
Collapse
|
42
|
Camerini AL, Marciano L, Carrara A, Schulz PJ. Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among children and adolescents: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2020.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
43
|
Del Castillo G, Gandolfi CE, Mosillo M, Forni G, Pietronigro A, Tiwana N, Pellai A. The online sexual offender: what we know to date. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2020; 73:444-451. [PMID: 32418400 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.20.05621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Online grooming is an active communicative entrapment network involving a wide range of techniques. The interactions that groomers have with minors online are complex. The purpose of the present literature review was to contribute to the existing knowledge base regarding online sex offender typologies, predatory tactics and techniques. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a review of the current literature by an initial database research of papers published since 1990. Three independent reviewers selected relevant articles, initially based on title and abstract analysis, then by full text in order to make a final determination. After the final selection, a total of 21 articles were reviewed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Overall, abundant data describing both groomer characteristics and grooming strategies are available in the literature, with authors attempting to analyze and adapt these to ever-complex models. However, the various models often feel redundant, determining a certain difficulty in understanding which would be the most suitable model to apply, making comparing data from different studies oftentimes troublesome. CONCLUSIONS In our opinion, it would be desirable to reach a consensus on fewer univocally-interpretable models that would be easier to adopt as preventive tools against online grooming, in combination with other strategies. The present study may provide parents and guardians with information useful for keeping their youth safer while online, as well as data that may assist in the development of policy recommendations and prevention strategies, overall aiming to reduce the phenomenon of online grooming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Del Castillo
- Postgraduate School in Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia E Gandolfi
- Postgraduate School in Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Mosillo
- Postgraduate School in Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Forni
- Postgraduate School in Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pietronigro
- Postgraduate School in Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Navpreet Tiwana
- Postgraduate School in Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pellai
- Postgraduate School in Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy -
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gandolfi CE, Mosillo M, Del Castillo G, Forni G, Pietronigro A, Tiwana N, Pellai A. Online grooming: an analysis of the phenomenon. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2020; 73:272-280. [PMID: 32241103 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.20.05615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since its diffusion in the 1990s, the Internet has developed into a fully integrated component of the lives of teenagers across the globe. As use of the Internet by underage youth has evolved and increased over the past decades, concerns about how technology may contribute to minors becoming victims of online sex crimes, including online grooming, have heightened. The present literature review contributes to the existing knowledge base regarding the epidemiology of the online grooming process, exploring key themes and issues arising in this area. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a review of the current literature by an initial database research of papers published since 1990. Three independent reviewers selected relevant articles, initially based on title and abstract analysis, then by full text in order to make a final determination. After the final selection, a total of 37 articles were reviewed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The articles reviewed report highly heterogenous results with regards to epidemiological data, estimating a prevalence of the online grooming phenomenon between 9% and 19%. Factors influencing minors' risk of online grooming included increasing age, gender, sexual minority orientation, diagnosis of mental disease, conflictual relationships with parents and risk-taking behaviors (e.g. chat room and social networking site use). CONCLUSIONS Although the true prevalence of online grooming is not available, it is a significant issue among minors. Thus, it is important to educate youth on responsible internet use, starting at the earliest age and continuing during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia E Gandolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Mosillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Forni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pietronigro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Navpreet Tiwana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pellai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy -
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chang CH, Chang YC, Cheng H, Tzang RF. Treatment Efficacy of Internet Gaming Disorder With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Emotional Dysregulaton. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:349-355. [PMID: 32047929 PMCID: PMC7311645 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) noticed emotional dysregulation if they had Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). This study aims to understand the treatment efficacy of IGD with ADHD and emotional dysregulaton. METHOD A total of 101 ADHD youths were recruited. We used the Chen Internet Addiction Scale and IGD criteria of the diagnotsic statistical manual (DSM)-5 to confirm IGD. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham questionnaire Version IV was used for symptoms of ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was assessed by psychiatrist. RESULTS There is a new phenomenon that emotional dysregulation has been frequently noticed in severely gaming-addicted ADHD youth. Treatment efficacy of IGD is good when the underlying symptom of ADHD is controlled. Symptom scores of disruptive mood dysregulation (DMDD) were significantly reduced by 71.9%, 74.8%, and 84.4% at week 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P ≤ .001) after adjusting baseline symptom severity. CONCLUSION IGD may strongly arouse emotional dysregulation. Future DSM criteria could consider these gaming-addicted youth as a specific subclass of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hsin Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Cune Chang
- Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Helen Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ruu-Fen Tzang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Mackay Medical Colleges, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan,Correspondence: Ruu-Fen Tzang, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Number 92, Sec. 2, Zhong Shan N Road, Taipei 104, Taiwan ()
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gansner M, Belfort E, Leahy C, Mirda D, Carson N. An Assessment of Digital Media-related Admissions in Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents. ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666190221152018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Prevalent adolescent digital media use has brought clinical attention
to its potential associated risks. While excessive digital media use has been connected to adolescent
difficulties with mood and impulsivity, no study has examined digital media’s role in
precipitating adolescent psychiatric admissions.
Objective:
Our study aims were to identify and characterize digital media-related admissions
in a sample of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents, and to recognize unique patterns of
digital media use within this sample. We hypothesized that adolescents with digital mediarelated
admissions would endorse higher amounts of digital media use and problematic online
behaviors.
Methods:
We administered a cross-sectional survey of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents
between 2012 and 2016. Admissions were considered related to digital media use either
by adolescent report or documentation in the medical record. Unadjusted comparisons
were used to examine relationships between digital media-related psychiatric admissions, online
behaviors and suicide-related risk factors.
Results:
68 of 218 participants (31.2%) had digital media-related admissions. The most frequent
cause of digital media-related admission was cyberbullying (31.9%). Teens with digital-
media related admissions were significantly more likely to sext, use social media, and be
cyberbullied; these adolescents were also at increased risk of suicide planning and hopelessness.
Conclusion:
Efforts should be made by mental health clinicians to identify and address online
relational conflict, as well as to screen for cyberbullying and sexting. Clinicians should
consider that adolescents with digital media-related presentations may be at elevated risk of
self-harm, with higher rates of suicide planning and hopelessness compared to hospitalized
peers with admissions unrelated to digital media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Gansner
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Erin Belfort
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Caroline Leahy
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Danielle Mirda
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas Carson
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
LEE JIAIN, YEN CHENGFANG, HSIAO RAYC, HU HUEIFAN. Relationships of homophobic bullying during childhood and adolescence with problematic internet and smartphone use in early adulthood among sexual minority men in Taiwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JIA-IN LEE
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - CHENG-FANG YEN
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - RAY C. HSIAO
- University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gansner M, Belfort E, Cook B, Leahy C, Colon-Perez A, Mirda D, Carson N. Problematic Internet Use and Associated High-Risk Behavior in an Adolescent Clinical Sample: Results from a Survey of Psychiatrically Hospitalized Youth. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2019; 22:349-354. [PMID: 30896977 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Problematic Internet use (PIU) is a growing clinical concern to clinicians working in adolescent mental health, with significant potential comorbidities like depression and substance use. No prior study has examined associations between PIU, high-risk behavior, and psychiatric diagnoses specifically in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Here, we analyzed how PIU severity correlated with preadmission Internet habits, psychiatric symptoms, and high-risk behavior in this unique population. We hypothesized that as the severity of PIU increased, so would endorsement of mood symptoms, engagement in risky behaviors, and chances of having comorbid mood and aggression-related diagnoses. We performed a cross-sectional survey on an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit in an urban community hospital in Massachusetts. Participants were 12-20 years old (n = 205), 62.0 percent female, and of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. Relationships between PIU, high-risk symptoms, diagnoses, and behaviors were performed both using chi-square tests and determining Pearson correlation coefficients. Two hundred five adolescents participated in the study. PIU severity was associated with being female (p < 0.005), sexting (p < 0.05), cyberbullying (p < 0.005), and increased suicidality within the last year (p < 0.05). Adolescents with aggressive and developmental disorders, but not depressive disorders, also had significantly higher PIU scores (p ≤ 0.05). In our sample of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents, PIU severity was significantly associated with both serious psychiatric symptoms and high-risk behaviors, including those related to suicide. Our findings may improve safety assessments in this vulnerable adolescent population by identifying comorbid risks associated with problematic digital media use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Gansner
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Erin Belfort
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Benjamin Cook
- 3 Health Equity Research Laboratory, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline Leahy
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,4 Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrea Colon-Perez
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,5 Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Danielle Mirda
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,6 George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Nicholas Carson
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,3 Health Equity Research Laboratory, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Trait Mindfulness. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-0055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractPreliminary studies have indicated that childhood emotional maltreatment (i.e., abuse and neglect) can be associated with higher cyberbullying perpetration (CBP) among university students. The purpose of the present study was to test the direct and indirect effects of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) on CBP via trait mindfulness and trait emotional intelligence (TEI). A total of 470 adolescent students participated in the study and completed a questionnaire comprising measures of the aforementioned variables. Path analysis showed that trait mindfulness, but not TEI, was a partial mediator between CEA and CBP among the total sample, males, and females. Results indicated that there were other factors that explain the relationship between CEA and CBP in addition to lower mindfulness. These findings suggest that developing mindfulness-based intervention programs for adolescents who have been emotionally abused as a child may reduce their engagement in cyberbullying. This study is the first to document the direct role of CEA on CBP and indirect via trait mindfulness among adolescents.
Collapse
|
50
|
Gámez-Guadix M, De Santisteban P, Alcazar MÁ. The Construction and Psychometric Properties of the Questionnaire for Online Sexual Solicitation and Interaction of Minors With Adults. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2018; 30:975-991. [PMID: 28821214 DOI: 10.1177/1079063217724766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to assess the online sexual solicitation and interactions of minors with adults in order to document the extent of this problem. The questionnaire was constructed in four phases: (a) a review of the previous literature; (b) interviews with convicted online child-sex offenders; (c) a review of the questionnaire items by experts; and (d) a pilot study of the questionnaire administered to adolescents. The validation sample consisted of 2,731 minors (12-15 years old, 50.6% girls). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure. The first factor, called "sexual solicitation," included items referring to sexual requests from an adult to a minor. The second factor, termed "sexualized interactions," included items indicating an adult groomed a minor with the purpose of committing a sexual offense. Of participants, 12.6% reported sexual solicitations, and 7.9% reported sexualized interactions. These findings open possible directions for research on the characteristics and consequences of online sexual solicitation and abusive interactions.
Collapse
|