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Malik G, Singh D, Bansal R. Exploring the Complex Dynamics: Examining the Influence of Deviant Personas in Online Gambling. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10301-x. [PMID: 38649656 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of computers and the Internet has substantially changed the gaming environment during the past ten years. The gambling industry is no longer exclusive to land-based gaming establishments (such as casinos and racetracks). Today, a few keystrokes on a computer are all it takes to access gaming operations. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and various other platforms constitute a particular form of access that has drawn more attention from academics in gambling studies. This increasing focus is partially attributable to the fact that social media sites have gained popularity as a means of accessing online gambling websites via hyperlinks hidden inside adverts. Users of social networking platforms can play free-to-play virtual gambling games using programmes. Virtual gaming platforms are the new name for these free-to-play simulation games of gambling. However, there is evidence to suggest that playing social casino games may serve as a "gateway" to real money gambling. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of deviant personas on online gambling behavior. By examining the relationship between deviant personas and online gambling, we seek to enhance our understanding of the factors that contribute to problematic gambling behaviors in virtual environments. Employing a robust methodological approach, this research amalgamates the analytical power of PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling) to explore the factors influencing the intention to adopt online gambling services. The data for this study were obtained by administering an online survey questionnaire to a sample of 325 aware customers of online gambling. The study's discerning insights have notable implications for the academic community, brand strategists, online game designers, and online gambling platform providers, offering valuable guidance for decision-making and strategy formulation within the burgeoning online gambling industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Malik
- Faculty of Marketing, Birla Institute of Management Technology, Greater Noida, India.
| | | | - Rohit Bansal
- Department of Management Studies, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Amethi, India
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Floyd CG, Kraus SW, Grubbs JB. Gambling in a U.S. Census Matched Sample: Examining Interactions between Means and Motives in Predicting Problematic Outcomes. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10302-w. [PMID: 38592616 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on risk of Problem Gambling (PG) is complex, particularly given recent evidence that SES should be understood in both objective and subjective terms. Likewise, financial gambling motives have been found to be predictive of PG; however, financial motives are less understood in comparison to other gambling motives. Preliminary findings on SES and gambling points towards a pattern of social inequality in which those with the least financial resources (e.g., income) or that feel financially deprived relative to others (e.g., perceived deprivation) experience greater harm and problems. In a weighted, census matched sample of adults in the U.S. (N = 1,348), the present study examined the interaction between financial gambling motives and income and financial gambling motives and perceived deprivation in predicting PG. Findings provided support for both financial gambling motives and perceived deprivation as robust predictors of PG. Further, results provided unique insights into the role subjective economic standing may play in the relationship between financial motives for gambling and risk of PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Floyd
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E. Merry Ave, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, CEB 320, 89154, USA
| | - Joshua B Grubbs
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale BLVD SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Şimşek T, Weidner L. The Effect of Inequality and Prosperity on the European Market for Gambling Machines: A Socioeconomic Panel Analysis. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:107-129. [PMID: 37204555 PMCID: PMC10904555 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the potential influence of prosperity and inequality on gambling participation in Europe. We combined data from the Eurostat database, the Global Wealth Report, and the European Casino Association and estimated fixed effects panel regression models. We show that income inequality has a negative effect on the number of gambling machines that flattens for high values, while wealth inequality has a linear negative effect. Moreover, an increase in the disposable income of the lower quintiles leads to significant increases in the number of gambling machines per country. These findings are important for future researchers who relate any kind of economic variable to gambling as well as for policy makers, as our results suggest that the lower-income groups should be given the most attention with regards to gambling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Şimşek
- Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute for Gambling and Society (GLÜG), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Linus Weidner
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute for Gambling and Society (GLÜG), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Gavriel-Fried B, Loewenthal A, Vana N. Problem gambling severity in a nationally representative sample of the Israeli population: the moderating role of ethnonational affiliation. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1233301. [PMID: 37799154 PMCID: PMC10548459 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1233301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gambling is a public health concern. Problem gambling is related to a range of psycho-social risk factors including ethnonational affiliation. Israel is an insightful case to probe problem gambling, given the socio-economic marginalization of Israeli Arabs, the continued exposure of Israelis to stress and the conservative Israeli gambling market. This study aimed to estimate problem gambling severity in Israeli society, characterize the sociodemographic, environmental, mental health, and gambling-related risk factors associated with problem gambling severity, and examine the role of ethnonational affiliation (Israeli Jewish/Arab) as a moderating factor in the associations between these risk factors and problem gambling severity. Methods A cross-sectional study based on a representative sample of 3,244 Israelis was conducted in 2022, of whom 1,626 had gambled in the previous year. Measurements included Problem Gambling Severity Index, Gambling Behaviors, Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion, Stress, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and sociodemographic variables. Results Low-risk, moderate-risk and problem gambling were reported by 16.7% of the total sample. The main risk factors for problem gambling were being an Israeli Arab, traditional, residing in a low socio-economic cluster, reporting anxiety symptoms, and higher gambling behaviors, specifically in legal/illegal online gambling. Ethnonational affiliation (Israeli Jewish/Arab) moderated the associations between gambling, illegal online gambling, and problem gambling severity. Higher neighborhood cohesion emerged as a risk factor for problem gambling solely for Israeli Arabs. Discussion As an excluded minority, Israeli Arabs may turn to gambling as a method to access the core republican community, thus, exposing themselves to a higher risk of developing problem gambling.
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Latvala TA, Lintonen TP, Browne M, Rockloff M, Salonen AH. Social disadvantage and gambling severity: a population-based study with register-linkage. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:1217-1223. [PMID: 34570872 PMCID: PMC8643406 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found an association between problem gambling and poverty. However, there is relatively little research on social inequalities and problem gambling using population representative data. Methods A population-representative self-report web-based and postal survey with register-based linkage was conducted in the three geographical areas of Finland. Participants (n = 7186, aged 18 or older) were randomly selected from the population register. Sociodemographic factors and social welfare benefits were studied among gambling groups and their statistical difference were examined by χ2 test. Seven logistic regression models were calculated, where unemployment, social security benefits and low income were treated as dependent variables and where sex, age, family structure and education were controlled as covariates. The results were presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Problem and at-risk gambling (ARG) was more common among people who were unemployed [PG: χ2=6.4 (1), P < 0.01, ARG: χ2=12.4 (1), P < 0.001] or had received social security benefits [PG: χ2=41.6 (1), P < 0.001, ARG: χ2=22.9 (1), P < 0.001]. The OR for problem gambling was high as 5.6 (CI: 3.22–9.61) among respondents who had received social assistance even when covariates were taking into count. Almost a third of those experiencing problem or at-risk gambling received at least one form of social security benefit. Conclusions The most important task of gambling policy should be reducing gambling-related harms and diminishing social inequality. However, even in government organized system where gambling profits are used for common good, profits come from the most socially disadvantaged people thereby exacerbating inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina A Latvala
- The Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi P Lintonen
- The Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew Browne
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Australia
| | - Matthew Rockloff
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Australia
| | - Anne H Salonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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Neighborhood Poverty and Adverse Childhood Experiences over the First 15 Years of Life. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42448-021-00072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hahmann T, Hamilton-Wright S, Ziegler C, Matheson FI. Problem gambling within the context of poverty: a scoping review. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1819365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Hahmann
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Carolyn Ziegler
- Unity Health Toronto, St. Michael`s Hospital Health Sciences Library, Toronto, Canada
| | - Flora I. Matheson
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Sharman S, Butler K, Roberts A. Psychosocial risk factors in disordered gambling: A descriptive systematic overview of vulnerable populations. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106071. [PMID: 31473572 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling is a behaviour engaged in by millions of people worldwide; for some, gambling can become a severely maladaptive behaviour, and previous research has identified a wide range of psychosocial risk factors that can be considered important for the development and maintenance of disordered gambling. Although risk factors have been identified, the homogeneity of risk factors across specific groups thought to be vulnerable to disordered gambling is to date, unexplored. METHODS To address this, the current review sought to conduct a systematic overview of literature relating to seven vulnerable groups: young people and adolescents, older adults, women, veterans, indigenous peoples, prisoners, and low socio-economic/income groups. RESULTS Multiple risk factors associated with disordered gambling were identified; some appeared consistently across most groups, including being male, co-morbid mental and physical health conditions, substance use disorders, accessibility and availability of gambling, form and mode of gambling, and experience of trauma. Further risk factors were identified that were specific to each vulnerable group. CONCLUSION Within the general population, certain groups are more vulnerable to disordered gambling. Although some risk factors are consistent across groups, some risk factors appear to be group specific. It is clear that there is no homogenous pathway in to disordered gambling, and that social, developmental, environmental and demographic characteristics can all interact to influence an individual's relationship with gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Sharman
- University of East London School of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, Stratford, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda Roberts
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
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Werner KB, Cunningham-Williams RM, Ahuja M, Bucholz KK. Patterns of gambling and substance use initiation in African American and White adolescents and young adults. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 34:382-391. [PMID: 31750700 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The focus of the current investigation is to examine the temporal relationship of gambling onset and alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis initiation in adolescents and young adults (M age = 20.3 years) by examining the prevalence and pattern of onset for each substance and gambling pairing and the associated risk between gambling and each substance use. Data were drawn from the multiwave Missouri Family Study (n = 1,349) of African American (AA; n = 450) and White families (n = 317) enriched for risk for alcohol use disorder and includes those who were assessed for gambling behaviors and problems: AA (360 males, 390 females) and White (287 males, 312 females). Findings indicated racial differences in the overall prevalence of gambling behaviors and substance use as well as patterns of initiation-particularly within gambling/alcohol and gambling/tobacco for males. Survival models revealed some similarities as well as differences across race and gender groups in associations of gambling with initiation of substances, as well as substances with initiation of gambling. Alcohol use (AA males only) and cannabis use (AA males and White females) elevated the hazards of initiating gambling. In contrast, gambling significantly elevated the hazards of initiation alcohol across 3 of 4 groups and of cannabis use in AA males only. The results highlight some overlapping as well as distinct risk factors for both gambling and substance use initiation in this cohort enriched for vulnerability to alcohol use disorder (AUD). These findings have implications for integrating gambling prevention into existing substance use prevention and intervention efforts-particularly but not exclusively for young AA males. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manik Ahuja
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy
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10
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Raisamo S, Toikka A, Selin J, Heiskanen M. The density of electronic gambling machines and area-level socioeconomic status in Finland: a country with a legal monopoly on gambling and a decentralised system of EGMs. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1198. [PMID: 31470843 PMCID: PMC6717347 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic gambling machines (EGMs) are considered a risky form of gambling. Internationally, studies have reported that the density of EGMs tends to be higher in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas than in more advantaged ones. We examined whether this holds true in the Finnish context where a decentralised system of EGMs guarantees wide accessibility to this form of gambling. More precisely, we investigated the association between the density of EGMs and area-level socio-economic status (SES). METHODS The primary measure was the EGM density, referring to the number of EGMs per 1000 adults. The area-level SES was defined on the basis of the median income of inhabitants, the proportion of unemployment in the area and educational attainment (% of those beyond primary education). Three additional area characteristics were used as control variables in the analyses; the overall population density, economic activity (the number of jobs in the area per employed inhabitant), and the mean age of the inhabitants. Analyses were based on linear regression. RESULTS The EGM density was 3.68 per 1000 inhabitants (SD = 2.63). A lower area-level SES was correlated with a higher EGM density. In further analyses, this effect was mostly explained by the income of the inhabitants. Of the control variables, the population density had no detectable effect on the EGM density while areas with a higher mean age of the inhabitants, as well a higher density of jobs, had more EGMs. CONCLUSIONS EGMs are unequally located in Finland, with more EGMs located in socio-economically less advantaged areas. The higher machine density in areas of social disadvantage is not in line with the aim of the Finnish gambling policy, which is to prevent and reduce harm caused by gambling. Changes in policy are required, especially with regard to the decisions on the placement of EGMs. This should not be made solely by gaming operators and/or from fiscal perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Raisamo
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arho Toikka
- Faculty of Social Science, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 54, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Selin
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Heiskanen
- Faculty of Social Science, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 54, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Gambling Clinic (The Centre of Excellence on Social Welfare in the Helsinki Metropolitan area), Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Wong C, Wu HC. Gambling behavior of ethnic Chinese and Vietnamese college students in the United States. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1646779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Wong
- Institute for Asian American Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hsin-Ching Wu
- Institute for Asian American Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Policy and Public Affairs, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Slutske WS, Piasecki TM, Deutsch AR, Statham DJ, Martin NG. Potential Causal Influence of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Disordered Gambling: Evidence From a Multilevel Discordant Twin Design. Clin Psychol Sci 2019; 7:582-596. [PMID: 31106041 PMCID: PMC6521693 DOI: 10.1177/2167702618812700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The quality of the neighborhood in which one lives has been linked to disordered gambling (DG), but whether this reflects a causal relation has not yet been empirically examined. Participants were 3,450 Australian twins who completed assessments of past-year DG and personality and for whom census-derived indicators of disadvantage were used to characterize their neighborhood. Multilevel models were employed to estimate within-twin-pair and betweentwin-pair effects of neighborhood disadvantage on DG, with the within-twin-pair effect representing a potentially causal association and the between-twin-pair effect representing a noncausal association. There was robust evidence for a potentially causal (as well as a non-causal) effect of neighborhood disadvantage on DG (in contrast, parallel analyses of past-year alcohol use disorder failed to find evidence of a potentially causal effect). These results support efforts focused on identifying the active ingredients contributing to the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on DG and developing interventions to limit their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Center of Excellence in Gambling Research, University of Missouri
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Center of Excellence in Gambling Research, University of Missouri
| | | | - Dixie J Statham
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, Birtinya, Australia
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13
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Neighborhood Perceptions Associated with Gambling Outcomes. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/cxa.0000000000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Barnes GM, Welte JW, Tidwell MCO. Gambling involvement among Native Americans, Blacks, and Whites in the United States. Am J Addict 2017; 26:713-721. [PMID: 28782902 PMCID: PMC5610650 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This paper examines risk factors of gambling and problem gambling among racial subgroups in the U.S. population, namely Native Americans and blacks, for whom research data are lacking. METHODS Findings are based on a large representative general population survey (n = 3,474) of gambling in the U.S. with an oversample of Native Americans (n = 549). Multiple domains were assessed including sociodemographic factors; ecological factors (census-defined neighborhood disadvantage, geocoded density of casinos within 30 miles of respondents' homes, and perceived gambling convenience); impulsivity; and alcohol abuse. RESULTS After controlling for all variables in the study, neighborhood disadvantage has a significantly greater effect on overall gambling, frequent gambling, and problem gambling for Native Americans than for the rest of the U.S. POPULATION In addition, the relationship between frequent gambling and heavier drinking is much stronger for blacks than for the rest of the U.S. POPULATION DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of research on gambling involvement among minority groups in the U.S. Blacks and Native Americans are at a higher risk for problem gambling as compared with the rest of the population. Furthermore, social factors and alcohol abuse may show a stronger co-occurrence with gambling involvement among minority groups than among whites. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This study is a large representative U.S. sample with sizeable numbers of Native Americans and blacks. Thus, prevalence rates and risk factors can be assessed for these important population subgroups. This will allow for targeted intervention programs for Native Americans and blacks with problem gambling and alcohol abuse. (Am J Addict 2017;26:713-721).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. Barnes
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - John W. Welte
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Stroope S, Martinez BC, Eschbach K, Peek MK, Markides KS. Neighborhood Ethnic Composition and Problem Drinking Among Older Mexican American Men: Results from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:1055-60. [PMID: 25106726 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethnic enclaves may be protective for health. This study investigates the effects of neighborhood co-ethnic density on problem drinking among older Mexican American men. Probability sample of 2,086 community-dwelling Mexican Americans aged 75 or older drawn in 2004-2005 residing in communities in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas. Problem drinking was found among 15.3 % of men (n = 350). For each percent increase in neighborhood percent Mexican American, men had 2 % lower odds of problem drinking [odds ratio (OR) 0.98; P < 0.05]. U.S. born men had lower odds of problem drinking (OR 0.40; P < 0.05) compared with foreign born men, while English language use was associated with greater odds of problem drinking (OR 2.14; P < 0.05). Older Mexican American men in neighborhoods with low levels of co-ethnic density, the foreign born, and those with English language facility had an increased likelihood of problem drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Stroope
- Department of Sociology, Louisiana State University, 126 Stubbs Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA,
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16
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Slutske WS, Deutsch AR, Statham DJ, Martin NG. Local area disadvantage and gambling involvement and disorder: Evidence for gene-environment correlation and interaction. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 124:606-22. [PMID: 26147321 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that local area characteristics (such as disadvantage and gambling outlet density) and genetic risk factors are associated with gambling involvement and disordered gambling. These 2 lines of research were brought together in the present study by examining the extent to which genetic contributions to individual differences in gambling involvement and disorder contributed to being exposed to, and were also accentuated by, local area disadvantage. Participants were members of the national community-based Australian Twin Registry who completed a telephone interview in which the past-year frequency of gambling and symptoms of disordered gambling were assessed. Indicators of local area disadvantage were based on census data matched to the participants' postal codes. Univariate biometric model-fitting revealed that exposure to area disadvantage was partially explained by genetic factors. Bivariate biometric model-fitting was conducted to examine the evidence for gene-environment interaction while accounting for gene-environment correlation. These analyses demonstrated that: (a) a small portion of the genetic propensity to gamble was explained by moving to or remaining in a disadvantaged area, and (b) the remaining genetic and unique environmental variation in the frequency of participating in electronic machine gambling (among men and women) and symptoms of disordered gambling (among women) was greater in more disadvantaged localities. As the gambling industry continues to grow, it will be important to take into account the multiple contexts in which problematic gambling behavior can emerge-from genes to geography-as well as the ways in which such contexts may interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
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17
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Sanacora RL, Whiting SW, Pilver CE, Hoff RA, Potenza MN. Relationships Between Problem-Gambling Severity and Psychopathology as Moderated by Income. J Behav Addict 2016; 5:429-38. [PMID: 27440475 PMCID: PMC5264410 DOI: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Problem and pathological gambling have been associated with elevated rates of both Axis-I and Axis-II psychiatric disorders. Although both problem gambling and psychiatric disorders have been reported as being more prevalent among lower income vs. middle/higher income groups, how income might moderate the relationship between problem-gambling severity and psychopathology is incompletely understood. To examine the associations between problem-gambling severity and psychopathology in lower income and middle/higher income groups. Methods Data from the first wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) (n = 43,093) were analyzed in adjusted logistic regression models to investigate the relationships between problem-gambling severity and psychiatric disorders within and across income groups. Results Greater problem-gambling severity was associated with increased odds of multiple psychiatric disorders for both lower income and middle/higher income groups. Income moderated the association between problem/pathological gambling and alcohol abuse/dependence, with a stronger association seen among middle/higher income respondents than among lower income respondents. Discussion and conclusions The findings that problem-gambling severity is related to psychopathology across income groups suggest a need for public health initiatives across social strata to reduce the impact that problem/pathological gambling may have in relation to psychopathology. Middle/higher income populations, perhaps owing to the availability of more "disposable income," may be at greater risk for co-occurring gambling and alcohol-use psychopathology and may benefit preferentially from interventions targeting both gambling and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Sanacora
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Seth W. Whiting
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 1 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Corey E. Pilver
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rani A. Hoff
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 1 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neuroscience and the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASAColumbia), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Corresponding author: Marc N. Potenza, MD, PhD; Yale University School of Medicine, Room 726, 1 Church St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Phone: +1 203 974 7356; Fax: +1 203 974 7366; E-mail:
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Welte JW, Barnes GM, Tidwell MCO, Wieczorek WF. Predictors of Problem Gambling in the U.S. J Gambl Stud 2016; 33:327-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Welte JW, Barnes GM, Tidwell MCO, Hoffman JH, Wieczorek WF. Gambling and Problem Gambling in the United States: Changes Between 1999 and 2013. J Gambl Stud 2015; 31:695-715. [PMID: 24880744 PMCID: PMC4250449 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-014-9471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Telephone surveys of US adults were conducted in 1999-2000 and again in 2011-2013. The same questions and methods were used so as to make the surveys comparable. There was a reduction in percentage of past-year gambling and in frequency of gambling. Rates of problem gambling remained stable. Lottery was included among the specific types of gambling for which past year participation and frequency of play declined. Internet gambling was the only form of gambling for which the past-year participation rate increased. The average win/loss increased for several forms of gambling, providing a modest indication that gamblers were betting more, albeit less frequently. Between the two surveys, the rates of past-year participation in gambling declined markedly for young adults. In both surveys, rates of problem gambling were higher for males than females, and this difference increased markedly between surveys as problem gambling rates increased for males and decreased for females. For the combined surveys, rates of problem gambling were highest for blacks and Hispanics and lowest for whites and Asians. In both surveys, the rates of problem gambling declined as socio-economic status became higher. Possible explanations for these trends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Welte
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 1021 Main St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA,
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Cowlishaw S, Hakes JK. Pathological and problem gambling in substance use treatment: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Am J Addict 2015; 24:467-74. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Cowlishaw
- School of Social and Community Medicine; University of Bristol; United Kingdom
- Centre for Gambling Research; College of Arts Social Sciences; School of Sociology; The Australian National University (ANU); Australia
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Himelhoch SS, Miles-McLean H, Medoff D, Kreyenbuhl J, Rugle L, Brownley J, Bailey-Kloch M, Potts W, Welsh C. Twelve-Month Prevalence of DSM-5 Gambling Disorder and Associated Gambling Behaviors Among Those Receiving Methadone Maintenance. J Gambl Stud 2015; 32:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-015-9524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Barnes GM, Welte JW, Tidwell MCO, Hoffman JH. Gambling and Substance Use: Co-occurrence among Adults in a Recent General Population Study in the United States. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2015; 15:55-71. [PMID: 25914605 DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.990396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study is an up-to-date examination of gambling behaviors as well as gambling problems and their relationships to substance use and abuse. Further, the co-occurrence between problem gambling and substance abuse is studied using a large-scale, representative sample of adults aged 18 years and older in the United States. This random-digit-dial national survey was carried out in 2011-2013 with completed interviews from 2,963 respondents. Of the four gambling and substance use behaviors considered, past year gambling was the most prevalent (76.9%), followed by alcohol use (67.6%), tobacco use (28.7%) and marijuana use (11.2%). Problem gambling and the three substance abuse measures were highly related. Current problem gambling (3+ DIS criteria) was predicted by being male, being black, having low socioeconomic status and by alcohol abuse/dependence, tobacco dependence, and marijuana abuse/dependence. Thus, problem gambling is linked to other problem behaviors, especially substance abuse. Consequently, effective treatment approaches should screen and intervene for both problem gambling as well as co-occurring substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Barnes
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, U.S.A
| | - John W Welte
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, U.S.A
| | - Marie-Cecile O Tidwell
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, U.S.A
| | - Joseph H Hoffman
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, U.S.A
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