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Moreno MDL, González-Rovira M, Martínez-Pancorbo C, Martín-Cameán M, Nájar-Moyano AM, Romero M, de la Hoz E, López-Beltrán C, Mellado E, Bartha JL, Brodin P, Rodríguez-Herrera A, Sainz-Bueno JA, Sousa C. Foetal gluten immunogenic peptides during pregnancy: a new determinant on the coeliac exposome. BMC Med 2024; 22:295. [PMID: 39020299 PMCID: PMC11256569 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of coeliac disease is leading to a growing interest in active search for associated factors, even the intrauterine and early life. The exposome approach to disease encompasses a life course perspective from conception onwards has recently been highlighted. Knowledge of early exposure to gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in utero could challenge the chronology of early prenatal tolerance or inflammation, rather than after the infant's solid diet after birth. METHODS We developed an accurate and specific immunoassay to detect GIP in amniotic fluid (AF) and studied their accumulates, excretion dynamics and foetal exposure resulting from AF swallowing. One hundred twenty-five pregnant women with different gluten diets and gestational ages were recruited. RESULTS GIP were detectable in AF from at least the 16th gestational week in gluten-consuming women. Although no significant differences in GIP levels were observed during gestation, amniotic GIP late pregnancy was not altered by maternal fasting, suggesting closed-loop entailing foetal swallowing of GIP-containing AF and subsequent excretion via the foetal kidneys. CONCLUSIONS The study shows evidence, for the first time, of the foetal exposure to gluten immunogenic peptides and establishes a positive correlation with maternal gluten intake. The results obtained point to a novel physiological concept as they describe a plausible closed-loop circuit entailing foetal swallowing of GIP contained in AF and its subsequent excretion through the foetal kidneys. The study adds important new information to understanding the coeliac exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Lourdes Moreno
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María González-Rovira
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - María Martín-Cameán
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, High Risk Pregnancy Unit, Autoimmune Diseases and Pregnancy Clinic, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Nájar-Moyano
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Romero
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Sagrado Corazón Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Esther de la Hoz
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Sagrado Corazón Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Encarnación Mellado
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Bartha
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, High Risk Pregnancy Unit, Autoimmune Diseases and Pregnancy Clinic, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petter Brodin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Rodríguez-Herrera
- St. Luke's General Hospital, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Kilkenny &, Kilkenny, Ireland
| | - José Antonio Sainz-Bueno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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2
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Malinská N, Grobárová V, Knížková K, Černý J. Maternal-Fetal Microchimerism: Impacts on Offspring's Immune Development and Transgenerational Immune Memory Transfer. Physiol Res 2024; 73:315-332. [PMID: 39027950 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal-fetal microchimerism is a fascinating phenomenon in which maternal cells migrate to the tissues of the offspring during both pregnancy and breastfeeding. These cells primarily consist of leukocytes and stem cells. Remarkably, these maternal cells possess functional potential in the offspring and play a significant role in shaping their immune system development. T lymphocytes, a cell population mainly found in various tissues of the offspring, have been identified as the major cell type derived from maternal microchimerism. These T lymphocytes not only exert effector functions but also influence the development of the offspring's T lymphocytes in the thymus and the maturation of B lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. Furthermore, the migration of maternal leukocytes also facilitates the transfer of immune memory across generations. Maternal microchimerism has also been observed to address immunodeficiencies in the offspring. This review article focuses on investigating the impact of maternal cells transported within maternal microchimerism on the immune system development of the offspring, as well as elucidating the effector functions of maternal cells that migrate through the placenta and breast milk to reach the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Malinská
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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3
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Guo H, Li Y, Wang L. Assessment of inflammatory biomarkers to identify surgical/death necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants without pneumoperitoneum. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:191. [PMID: 39012349 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening disease that affects premature infants. However, the role of inflammatory biomarkers in identifying surgical/death NEC without pneumoperitoneum remains elusive. PURPOSE We aimed to verify the value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the combination of white blood cell (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), PLR, C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in predicting the severity of NEC, and to construct a model to differ surgically NEC from non-surgically NEC. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 191 premature infants with NEC. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 90 infants with Stage II and IIIA NEC were enrolled in this study, including surgical/death NEC (n = 38) and medical NEC (n = 52). The values of inflammatory biomarkers were collected within 24 h of onset. RESULTS The univariate analysis revealed that the values of WBC (p = 0.040), ANC (p = 0.048), PLR (p = 0.009), CRP (p = 0.016) and PCT (p < 0.01) in surgical/death NEC cohort were significantly higher than medical NEC cohort. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis indicates that ANC, PLR, CRP, and PCT are capable of distinguishing infants with surgical/death NEC, and the AUC of the regression equation was 0.79 (95% CI 0.64-0.89; sensitivity 0.63; specificity 0.88), suggesting the equation has a good discrimination. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH Elevated PLR is associated with severe inflammation in surgical/death NEC patients. The prediction modelling of combination of ANC, PLR, CRP and PCT can differentiate surgical/death NEC from infants with medical NEC, which may improve risk awareness and facilitate effective communication between nurses and clinicians. However, multicentre research is needed to verify these findings for better clinical management of NEC.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/surgery
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/blood
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/diagnosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Infant, Newborn
- Biomarkers/blood
- Male
- Female
- Infant, Premature
- C-Reactive Protein/analysis
- Procalcitonin/blood
- Pneumoperitoneum/blood
- Inflammation/blood
- Leukocyte Count
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/surgery
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/blood
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Guo
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, Hefei City, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, Hefei City, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, Hefei City, 230022, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Roncin KL, Reeves HM, Maitta RW. Immature platelet counts in transfused platelet units given to neonates. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119760. [PMID: 38844020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immature platelets, young and large platelets recently released from the bone marrow, have gained interest over the last decade as a clinically informative variable during thrombocytopenic presentations. These immature platelets are found in all donated platelet units, however, the role, if any, that these younger platelets play post transfusion is not known. It has also been reported that the immune response can affect responses to platelet transfusions. Thus, we looked at PLT increments in a cohort of neonates receiving platelet transfusions in our neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS During a twelve-month period, platelet transfusions received by neonates born and not discharged from our institution at time of transfusion were retrospectively analyzed. In the study period a total of 33 patients received either a single or multiple transfusions during their hospitalization, for a total of 100 transfusion events. RESULTS The cohort was mostly premature neonates with a mean gestational age of 29.6 weeks. The units transfused appeared to have a broad range of absolute immature platelet counts (A-IPC) but overall, it was similar between those receiving single or multiple transfusions. Considering that platelet count was similar among aliquots transfused, it appeared that count increments were influenced by higher A-IPC content of the aliquot especially among 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester premature neonates. Patients with higher baseline platelet count (PLT) tended to receive a single transfusion aliquot while those receiving multiple transfusions had lower baseline PLT (p = 0.0022). Looking at aliquot dose, regardless if receiving a single or multiple transfusions, younger patients received incrementally higher dose (ml/kg) with each transfusion. CONCLUSIONS A-IPC in platelet aliquots transfused to neonates may influence post-transfusion PLT. Full effect of A-IPC in platelet aliquots may not be seen since irradiation of units may hamper immature platelets viability and function. Further research is needed to determine if A-IPC plays an active role to limit the need for further transfusions of patients receiving transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Roncin
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Hollie M Reeves
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert W Maitta
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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5
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Chen Y, Lu C, Huang J, Li L, Yang Y, Shao Y, Liu L, Sun B. Characteristics of Neonatal Sepsis and Predictive Values of Polyfunctional Assessment of Umbilical Cord Neutrophils Based on Single Cell Proteomic Secretion. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02095-2. [PMID: 38976117 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is crucial as it remains a prevalent cause of neonatal mortality. In this study, we conducted an analysis on the clinical data and detection indicators of 22 cases with sepsis and 62 cases without sepsis among neonates. Our findings indicate that the clinical signs observed in neonates with sepsis lack specificity. In addition, the commonly used clinical inflammatory indicators (such as leukocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], C-reactive protein [CRP], procalcitonin) exhibit limited sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the current clinical measures lack the assessment of inflammatory factors. Therefore, in order to enhance the accuracy of early sepsis diagnosis in neonates, we have employed a novel microfluidic-based single-cell technology platform for the analysis of 32 cytokines secreted by neutrophils at the individual cell level under various toxin stimulation conditions. We have further investigated and compared the disparities in single-cell protein secretomics between umbilical cord blood neutrophils and healthy adult peripheral neutrophils within an in vitro sepsis model. Our findings indicate that in a resting state UCB neutrophils exhibited lower polyfunctionality compared with healthy adult blood neutrophils, and notable variations in cytokine secretion profiles were detected between the two groups. However, the polyfunctionality of UCB neutrophils significantly increased and surpassed that of healthy adult neutrophils when exposed to alpha-hemolysin or lipopolysaccharide. UCB neutrophils secreted a wide range of chemokines and inflammatory factors, among which GM-CSF and IL-18 were the most significant. Furthermore, we initially categorized the functional subgroups of neutrophils by considering the secretion of five primary cytokines by neutrophils (GM-CSF, IL-18, IL-8, MIP-1β, and MIF). The current study, for the first time, examined in detail the heterogeneity of protein secretion and the functional diversity of UCB neutrophils stimulated by different antigens. Moreover, new insight into neonatal sepsis, early diagnosis, and wider clinical applications of UCB neutrophils are provided by these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linbin Li
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunxi Yang
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingwei Sun
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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6
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Joana Alves M, Browe BM, Carolina Rodrigues Dias A, Torres JM, Zaza G, Bangudi S, Blackburn J, Wang W, de Araujo Fernandes-Junior S, Fadda P, Toland A, Baer LA, Stanford KI, Czeisler C, Garcia AJ, Javier Otero J. Metabolic trade-offs in Neonatal sepsis triggered by TLR4 and TLR1/2 ligands result in unique dysfunctions in neural breathing circuits. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:333-350. [PMID: 38561095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of mortality in newborns. Several brainstem-regulated physiological processes undergo disruption during neonatal sepsis. Mechanistic knowledge gaps exist at the interplay between metabolism and immune activation to brainstem neural circuits and pertinent physiological functions in neonates. To delineate this association, we induced systemic inflammation either by TLR4 (LPS) or TLR1/2 (PAM3CSK4) ligand administration in postnatal day 5 mice (PD5). Our findings show that LPS and PAM3CSK4 evoke substantial changes in respiration and metabolism. Physiological trade-offs led to hypometabolic-hypothermic responses due to LPS, but not PAM3CSK4, whereas to both TLR ligands blunted respiratory chemoreflexes. Neuroinflammatory pathways modulation in brainstem showed more robust effects in LPS than PAM3CSK4. Brainstem neurons, microglia, and astrocyte gene expression analyses showed unique responses to TLR ligands. PAM3CSK4 did not significantly modulate gene expression changes in GLAST-1 positive brainstem astrocytes. PD5 pups receiving PAM3CSK4 failed to maintain a prolonged metabolic state repression, which correlated to enhanced gasping latency and impaired autoresuscitation during anoxic chemoreflex challenges. In contrast, LPS administered pups showed no significant changes in anoxic chemoreflex. Electrophysiological studies from brainstem slices prepared from pups exposed to either TLR4 or PAM3CSK4 showed compromised transmission between preBötzinger complex and Hypoglossal as an exclusive response to the TLR1/2 ligand. Spatial gene expression analysis demonstrated a region-specific modulation of PAM3CSK4 within the raphe nucleus relative to other anatomical sites evaluated. Our findings suggest that metabolic changes due to inflammation might be a crucial tolerance mechanism for neonatal sepsis preserving neural control of breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Joana Alves
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brigitte M Browe
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Grossman Institute for Neuroscience Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ana Carolina Rodrigues Dias
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Juliet M Torres
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Giuliana Zaza
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Suzy Bangudi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jessica Blackburn
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wesley Wang
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amanda Toland
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Catherine Czeisler
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alfredo J Garcia
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Grossman Institute for Neuroscience Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, The Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - José Javier Otero
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.
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7
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Fang P, Gao K, Yang J, Li T, Sun Q, Shan Z, Wang Y. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for neonatal bloodstream infection due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A single-centre Chinese retrospective study. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 37:28-36. [PMID: 38412919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the clinical characteristics and risk factors for bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in neonates. METHODS This single-centre, retrospective study included all patients with BSIs admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit between 1 January 2015 and 30 April 2022. The clinical and microbiological data of patients were collected; predictors of 30-day mortality in patients with CRE BSIs were also identified in this study. RESULTS Among the 224 neonates with Enterobacteriaceae BSIs, 39.29% (88/224) of the patients developed CRE BSIs. The 30-day mortality rate reached up to 21.59% (19/88). The Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score > 2 (odds ratio [OR] and 95% credibility interval [CI]: 3.852 [1.111-13.356], P < 0.05), prior to more than two kinds of antibiotics use (OR and 95% CI: 9.433 [1.562-56.973], P < 0.05), pneumonia (OR and 95% CI: 3.847 [1.133-13.061], P < 0.05), and caesarean section (OR and 95% CI: 2.678 [1.225-5.857], P < 0.05) were independent risk factors associated with CRE BSIs. Moreover, the risk factors for mortality in neonates with CRE BSIs were significantly associated with neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score > 6 (OR and 95% CI: 16.335 [1.446-184.517], P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Prior to more than two kinds of antibiotics use, Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score > 2, pneumonia and caesarean section were independent risk factors for CRE BSIs. The Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score > 6 was a risk factor for mortality associated with CRE BSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Fang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijie Gao
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Yang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tiewei Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Shan
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyuan Wang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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8
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Lee HN, Xu B, Lewkowicz AP, Engel K, Kelley-Baker L, McWilliams IL, Ireland DDC, Kielczewski JL, Li J, Fariss RN, Campos MM, Baum A, Kyratsous C, Pascal K, Chan CC, Caspi RR, Manangeeswaran M, Verthelyi D. Ebola virus-induced eye sequelae: a murine model for evaluating glycoprotein-targeting therapeutics. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105170. [PMID: 38823088 PMCID: PMC11169960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors experience ocular sequelae including retinal lesions, cataracts, and vision loss. While monoclonal antibodies targeting the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV-GP) have shown promise in improving prognosis, their effectiveness in mitigating ocular sequelae remains uncertain. METHODS We developed and characterized a BSL-2-compatible immunocompetent mouse model to evaluate therapeutics targeting EBOV-GP by inoculating neonatal mice with vesicular stomatitis virus expressing EBOV-GP (VSV-EBOV). To examine the impact of anti-EBOV-GP antibody treatment on acute retinitis and ocular sequelae, VSV-EBOV-infected mice were treated with polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibody preparations with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC-mAb) or neutralizing activity (NEUT-mAb). FINDINGS Treatment with all anti-EBOV-GP antibodies tested dramatically reduced viremia and improved survival. Further, all treatments reduced the incidence of cataracts. However, NEUT-mAb alone or in combination with ADCC-mAb reduced viral load in the eyes, downregulated the ocular immune and inflammatory responses, and minimized retinal damage more effectively. INTERPRETATION Anti-EBOV-GP antibodies can improve survival among EVD patients, but improved therapeutics are needed to reduce life altering sequelae. This animal model offers a new platform to examine the acute and long-term effect of the virus in the eye and the relative impact of therapeutic candidates targeting EBOV-GP. Results indicate that even antibodies that improve systemic viral clearance and survival can differ in their capacity to reduce acute ocular inflammation, and long-term retinal pathology and corneal degeneration. FUNDING This study was partly supported by Postgraduate Research Fellowship Awards from ORISE through an interagency agreement between the US DOE and the US FDA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/drug therapy
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Humans
- Viral Load
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Lee
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Biying Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aaron P Lewkowicz
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Kaliroi Engel
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Logan Kelley-Baker
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Ian L McWilliams
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Derek D C Ireland
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | | | - Jinbo Li
- Biological Imaging Core, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert N Fariss
- Biological Imaging Core, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mercedes M Campos
- Biological Imaging Core, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alina Baum
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | | | - Kristen Pascal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mohanraj Manangeeswaran
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Daniela Verthelyi
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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9
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Yu SC, Chan TH, Jou R. Granulomatous lymphadenitis in Taiwan: Unraveling infantile peak and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin lymphadenitis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2024:S1684-1182(24)00084-7. [PMID: 38816320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulomatous lymphadenitis, a histopathological diagnosis, often indicates infections, such as those caused by mycobacterial and fungal agents. METHODS We conducted an analysis of 1098 granulomatous lymphadenitis cases, examining age distribution, lymph node locations, and laterality. Molecular detection of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was performed on archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. RESULTS Our analysis revealed a bimodal age distribution, notably with a minor peak in infants. These infantile cases predominantly featured axillary involvement, frequently occurring on the left side. Positive rates of BCG identification decreased with age: <1 year, 71%; 1-2 year, 33%; 2-3 year, 13%; 3-4 year, 0%. Remarkably, only one of the 14 cases with molecularly confirmed BCG lymphadenitis had comments regarding BCG in the pathological report. Compared with patients born after 2016 (BCG at 5-8 months), those born before 2016 (BCG at birth) developed BCG lymphadenitis at a wider age range with right skewness (before 2016, 13 ± 11 months [range, 3-33 months] vs. after 2016, 10 ± 2 months [range, 8-13 months]). Four of the 14 BCG-positive cases had congenital heart disease. Seven patients received anti-tuberculosis drugs following surgical excision. No surgical complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS BCG lymphadenitis constitutes a distinctive minor peak within the spectrum of granulomatous lymphadenitis in Taiwan. Pathologists should consider the possibility of BCG infection, especially in cases of infantile axillary, supraclavicular, neck lymphadenopathies on the left side. Moreover, BCG administration at 5-8 months may reduce delayed-onset BCG lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Chi Yu
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Hua Chan
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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10
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Witt LT, Greenfield KG, Knoop KA. Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli induce distinct effector γδ T cell responses during neonatal sepsis. iScience 2024; 27:109669. [PMID: 38646164 PMCID: PMC11033170 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonates born prematurely are vulnerable to life-threatening conditions such as bacterial sepsis. Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and Escherichia coli are frequent causative pathogens of neonatal sepsis, however, it remains unclear if these pathogens induce differential immune responses. We find that γδ T cells rapidly respond to single-organism GBS and E. coli bloodstream infections in neonatal mice. Furthermore, GBS and E. coli induce distinct cytokine production from IFN-γ and IL-17 producing γδ T cells, respectively. We also find that IL-17 production during E. coli infection is driven by γδTCR signaling, whereas IFN-γ production during GBS infection occurs independently of γδTCR signaling. The divergent effector responses of γδ T cells during GBS and E. coli infections impart distinctive neuroinflammatory phenotypes on the neonatal brain. Thus, the neonatal adaptive immune system differentially responds to distinct bacterial stimuli, resulting in unique neuroinflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila T. Witt
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55901, USA
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | | | - Kathryn A. Knoop
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55901, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
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11
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Lipman DJ, Cherry JL, Strain E, Agarwala R, Musser SM. Genomic perspectives on foodborne illness. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.16.24307425. [PMID: 38903069 PMCID: PMC11188124 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.24307425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing of bacterial pathogens is used by public health agencies to link cases of food poisoning caused by the same source of contamination. The vast majority of these appear to be sporadic cases associated with small contamination episodes and do not trigger investigations. We analyzed clusters of sequenced clinical isolates of Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and Listeria that differ by only a small number of mutations to provide a new understanding of the underlying contamination episodes. These analyses provide new evidence that the youngest age groups have greater susceptibility to infection from Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter than older age groups. This age bias is weaker for the common Salmonella serovar Enteritidis than Salmonella in general. Analysis of these clusters reveals significant regional variations in relative frequencies of Salmonella serovars across the United States. A large fraction of the contamination episodes causing sickness appear to have long duration. For example, 50% of the Salmonella cases are in clusters that persist for almost three years. For all four pathogen species, the majority of the cases were part of genetic clusters with illnesses in multiple states and likely to be caused by contaminated commercially distributed foods. The vast majority of Salmonella cases among infants < 6 months of age appear to be caused by cross-contamination from foods consumed by older age groups or by environmental bacteria rather than infant formula contaminated at production sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Lipman
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Joshua L. Cherry
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Errol Strain
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Richa Agarwala
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven M. Musser
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD, USA
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12
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Mannava S, Vogler A, Markel T. Pathophysiology and Management of Postoperative Ileus in Adults and Neonates: A Review. J Surg Res 2024; 297:9-17. [PMID: 38428262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative ileus (POI) is caused by enteric neural dysfunction and inflammatory response to the stress of surgery as well as the effect of anesthetics and opioid pain medications. POI results in prolonged hospital stays, increased medical costs, and diminished enteral nutrition, rendering it a problem worth tackling. Many cellular pathways are implicated in this disease process, creating numerous opportunities for targeted management strategies. There is a gap in the literature in studies exploring neonatal POI pathophysiology and treatment options. It is well known that neonatal immune and enteric nervous systems are immature, and this results in gut physiology which is distinct from adults. Neonates undergoing abdominal surgery face similar surgical stressors and exposure to medications that cause POI in adults. In this review, we aim to summarize the existing adult and neonatal literature on POI pathophysiology and management and explore applications in the neonatal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Mannava
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Attie Vogler
- Department of Pediatric Inpatient Physical Therapy, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Troy Markel
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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13
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Oladejo M, Tijani AO, Puri A, Chablani L. Adjuvants in cutaneous vaccination: A comprehensive analysis. J Control Release 2024; 369:475-492. [PMID: 38569943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the body's largest organ and serves as a protective barrier from physical, thermal, and mechanical environmental challenges. Alongside, the skin hosts key immune system players, such as the professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like the Langerhans cells in the epidermis and circulating macrophages in the blood. Further, the literature supports that the APCs can be activated by antigen or vaccine delivery via multiple routes of administration through the skin. Once activated, the stimulated APCs drain to the associated lymph nodes and gain access to the lymphatic system. This further allows the APCs to engage with the adaptive immune system and activate cellular and humoral immune responses. Thus, vaccine delivery via skin offers advantages such as reliable antigen delivery, superior immunogenicity, and convenient delivery. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the significance of vaccine delivery using various routes of administration via skin. However, such vaccines often employ adjuvant/(s), along with the antigen of interest. Adjuvants augment the immune response to a vaccine antigen and improve the therapeutic efficacy. Due to these reasons, adjuvants have been successfully used with infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, and immune-mediated diseases. To capture these developments, this review will summarize preclinical and clinical study results of vaccine delivery via skin in the presence of adjuvants. A focused discussion regarding the FDA-approved adjuvants will address the experiences of using such adjuvant-containing vaccines. In addition, the challenges and regulatory concerns with these adjuvants will be discussed. Finally, the review will share the prospects of adjuvant-containing vaccines delivered via skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
| | - Lipika Chablani
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY 14618, USA.
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Magalhães MI, Azevedo MJ, Castro F, Oliveira MJ, Costa ÂM, Sampaio Maia B. The link between obesity and the gut microbiota and immune system in early-life. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38651972 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2342427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In early-life, the gut microbiota is highly modifiable, being modulated by external factors such as maternal microbiota, mode of delivery, and feeding strategies. The composition of the child's gut microbiota will deeply impact the development and maturation of its immune system, with consequences for future health. As one of the main sources of microorganisms to the child, the mother represents a crucial factor in the establishment of early-life microbiota, impacting the infant's wellbeing. Recent studies have proposed that dysbiotic maternal gut microbiota could be transmitted to the offspring, influencing the development of its immunity, and leading to the development of diseases such as obesity. This paper aims to review recent findings in gut microbiota and immune system interaction in early-life, highlighting the benefits of a balanced gut microbiota in the regulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Magalhães
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Nephrology and Infectious Diseases R&D group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- nBTT, NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMDUP - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Azevedo
- Nephrology and Infectious Diseases R&D group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- nBTT, NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMDUP - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Flávia Castro
- Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela M Costa
- Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio Maia
- Nephrology and Infectious Diseases R&D group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- nBTT, NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMDUP - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Heston SM, Hurst JH, Kelly MS. Understanding the influence of the microbiome on childhood infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38605646 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2340664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The microbiome is known to have a substantial impact on human health and disease. However, the impacts of the microbiome on immune system development, susceptibility to infectious diseases, and vaccine-elicited immune responses are emerging areas of interest. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide an overview of development of the microbiome during childhood. We highlight available data suggesting that the microbiome is critical to maturation of the immune system and modifies susceptibility to a variety of infections during childhood and adolescence, including respiratory tract infections, Clostridioides difficile infection, and sexually transmitted infections. We discuss currently available and investigational therapeutics that have the potential to modify the microbiome to prevent or treat infections among children. Finally, we review the accumulating evidence that the gut microbiome influences vaccine-elicited immune responses among children. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in sequencing technologies have led to an explosion of studies associating the human microbiome with the risk and severity of infectious diseases. As our knowledge of the extent to which the microbiome influences childhood infections continues to grow, microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics will increasingly be incorporated into clinical practice to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heston
- Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Jillian H Hurst
- Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Matthew S Kelly
- Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, UK
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16
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Zhao P, Zhao Y, Du M, Chen X, Lu Y. Impact of lamivudine treatment in late pregnancy on the development of the foetal immune response to hepatitis B virus: a meta-analysis in R with the metafor package. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:264-272. [PMID: 38048279 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health burden, especially in Asia and Africa. Concerns were raised that foetal exposure to HBV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) might suppress the innate immune response and reduce the production of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) in foetuses and infants. We therefore conducted the current study to evaluate the impact of ART on the development of the immune response to HBV in foetuses and infants. METHODS We selected lamivudine instead of telbivudine or tenofovir as the intervention measurement because it was the oldest and most widely used ART during pregnancy and its safety data have been sufficiently documented. A comprehensive search was conducted in eight electronic databases, including four Chinese and four English databases. Studies that met the following eligibility criteria were included: human randomized controlled trials (RCTs); participants in the treatment group were exclusively exposed to lamivudine; participants in the control group were exposed to placebo, no treatment or hepatitis B immunoglobulin; all participants were HBV-positive pregnant women with a high viral load and the main outcome of interest was neonatal HBsAb seropositivity. Data were tabulated and analysed using R software. RESULTS Nine RCTs were included and analysed. Compared with controls, lamivudine significantly decreased HBsAb seronegativity in the newborn within 24 h after birth (indicating the foetal immune response to HBV). Similar results were noted in infants within 6-7 months after birth and infants within 12 months (indicating the neonatal immune response to HBV vaccine). CONCLUSIONS Lamivudine treatment in late pregnancy boosted the foetal immune response to HBV in utero and enhanced the neonatal immune response to hepatitis B vaccine after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, No. 1 Xueshi Road, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, No. 1 Xueshi Road, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, 322000, Yiwu, No. N1 Shangcheng Avenue, China
| | - Minmin Du
- Department of Obstetrics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, 322000, Yiwu, No. N1 Shangcheng Avenue, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, 322000, Yiwu, No. N1 Shangcheng Avenue, China
| | - Yongchao Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, No. 1 Xueshi Road, China
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Caballero-Sánchez N, Alonso-Alonso S, Nagy L. Regenerative inflammation: When immune cells help to re-build tissues. FEBS J 2024; 291:1597-1614. [PMID: 36440547 PMCID: PMC10225019 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential immune response critical for responding to infection, injury and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Upon injury, regenerative inflammation promotes tissue repair by a timed and coordinated infiltration of diverse cell types and the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and lipids mediators. Remarkably, throughout evolution as well as mammalian development, this type of physiological inflammation is highly associated with immunosuppression. For instance, regenerative inflammation is the consequence of an in situ macrophage polarization resulting in a transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory/pro-regenerative response. Immune cells are the first responders upon injury, infiltrating the damaged tissue and initiating a pro-inflammatory response depleting cell debris and necrotic cells. After phagocytosis, macrophages undergo multiple coordinated metabolic and transcriptional changes allowing the transition and dictating the initiation of the regenerative phase. Differences between a highly efficient, complete ad integrum tissue repair, such as, acute skeletal muscle injury, and insufficient regenerative inflammation, as the one developing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), highlight the importance of a coordinated response orchestrated by immune cells. During regenerative inflammation, these cells interact with others and alter the niche, affecting the character of inflammation itself and, therefore, the progression of tissue repair. Comparing acute muscle injury and chronic inflammation in DMD, we review how the same cells and molecules in different numbers, concentration and timing contribute to very different outcomes. Thus, it is important to understand and identify the distinct functions and secreted molecules of macrophages, and potentially other immune cells, during tissue repair, and the contributors to the macrophage switch leveraging this knowledge in treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Caballero-Sánchez
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sergio Alonso-Alonso
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Departments Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida, USA
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Heimfarth L, Dos Santos KS, Monteiro BS, de Souza Oliveira AK, Coutinho HDM, Menezes IRA, Dos Santos MRV, de Souza Araújo AA, Picot L, de Oliveira Júnior RG, Grougnet R, de Souza Siqueira Quintans J, Quintans-Júnior LJ. The protective effects of naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, non-complexed or complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin against multiorgan damage caused by neonatal endotoxemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130500. [PMID: 38428770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotoxemia is a severe and dangerous clinical syndrome that results in elevated morbidity, especially in intensive care units. Neonates are particularly susceptible to endotoxemia due to their immature immune systems. There are few effective treatments for neonatal endotoxemia. One group of compounds with potential in the treatment of neonatal inflammatory diseases such as endotoxemia is the flavonoids, mainly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Among these, naringenin (NGN) is a citrus flavonoid which has already been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-nociceptive and anti-cancer effects. Unfortunately, its clinical application is limited by its low solubility and bioavailability. However, cyclodextrins (CDs) have been widely used to improve the solubility of nonpolar drugs and enhance the bioavailability of these natural products. OBJECTIVE We, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of NGN non-complexed and complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) on neonatal endotoxemia injuries in a rodent model and describe the probable molecular mechanisms involved in NGN activities. METHOD We used exposure to a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce neonatal endotoxemia in the mice. RESULTS It was found that NGN (100 mg/kg i.p.) exposure during the neonatal period reduced leukocyte migration and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) levels in the lungs, heart, kidneys or cerebral cortex. In addition, NGN upregulated IL-10 production in the lungs and kidneys of neonate mice. The administration of NGN also enhanced antioxidant enzyme catalase and SOD activity, reduced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and increased the reduced sulfhydryl groups in an organ-dependent manner, attenuating the oxidative damage caused by LPS exposure. NGN decreased ERK1/2, p38MAPK and COX-2 activation in the lungs of neonate mice. Moreover, NGN complexed with HPβCD was able to increase the animal survival rate. CONCLUSION NGN attenuated inflammatory and oxidative damage in the lungs, heart and kidneys caused by neonatal endotoxemia through the MAPK signaling pathways regulation. Our results show that NGN has beneficial effects against neonatal endotoxemia and could be useful in the treatment of neonatal inflammatory injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Heimfarth
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Katielen Silvana Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Brenda Souza Monteiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Anne Karoline de Souza Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Irwin R A Menezes
- Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Departmento de Química Biológica, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laurent Picot
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Raimundo Gonçalves de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie-UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie-UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49060-025, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assay (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP: 49100-000, Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49060-025, Brazil
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Witt LT, Greenfield KG, Knoop KA. Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli Induce Distinct Effector γδ T Cell Responses During Neonatal Sepsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.02.560561. [PMID: 37873122 PMCID: PMC10592965 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Neonates born prematurely are highly vulnerable to life-threatening conditions such as bacterial sepsis. Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli are frequent causative pathogens of neonatal sepsis, however, it remains unclear if distinct sepsis pathogens induce differential adaptive immune responses. In the present study, we find that γδ T cells in neonatal mice rapidly respond to single-organism GBS and E. coli bloodstream infections and that these pathogens induce distinct activation and cytokine production from IFN-γ and IL-17 producing γδ T cells, respectively. We also report differential reliance on γδTCR signaling to elicit effector cytokine responses during neonatal sepsis, with IL-17 production during E. coli infection being driven by γδTCR signaling, and IFN-γ production during GBS infection occurring independently of γδTCR signaling. Furthermore, we report that the divergent effector responses of γδ T cells during GBS and E. coli infections impart distinctive neuroinflammatory phenotypes on the neonatal brain. The present study reveals that the neonatal adaptive immune system differentially responds to distinct bacterial stimuli, resulting in unique neuroinflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila T Witt
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA 55901
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic
| | | | - Kathryn A Knoop
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA 55901
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic
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Shafique MA, Abbas SQ, Habiba U, Mughal A, Fadlalla Ahmad TK, Munir Chaudhary A. Transfusion strategies for neonates: current perspectives. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1550-1562. [PMID: 38463073 PMCID: PMC10923393 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion intervention has been proven to be a crucial therapeutic aid for preterm infants with serious morbidities such as sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and cardiopulmonary insufficiencies. However, blood transfusion practices have also been shown to cause significant adverse outcomes, which may negate the therapeutic effect of the intervention. To address the varying policies regarding the administration of blood products, healthcare professionals have adopted a consensus-based approach. The absence of a standard protocol has resulted in conflicting outcomes in previous clinical studies. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of blood transfusion practices in preterm infants by analyzing past clinical research and identifying the current trends that have emerged as a result of recent trials. Results Recent trials have demonstrated comparable trends in mortality rates and other primary outcomes, including retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and brain injury, following transfusion of blood products in both groups. Nevertheless, employing restrictive thresholds rather than adopting a liberal approach can reduce these outcomes. Conclusion The current literature does not provide clear support for either technique as opposing and contradictory results are evident. However, there is a slight inclination toward the restrictive transfusion threshold due to recent trials, which warrants further in-depth investigation into this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syeda Q. Abbas
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ume Habiba
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aira Mughal
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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21
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Borghesi A. Life-threatening infections in human newborns: Reconciling age-specific vulnerability and interindividual variability. Cell Immunol 2024; 397-398:104807. [PMID: 38232634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In humans, the interindividual variability of clinical outcome following exposure to a microorganism is immense, ranging from silent infection to life-threatening disease. Age-specific immune responses partially account for the high incidence of infection during the first 28 days of life and the related high mortality at population level. However, the occurrence of life-threatening disease in individual newborns remains unexplained. By contrast, inborn errors of immunity and their immune phenocopies are increasingly being discovered in children and adults with life-threatening viral, bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal infections. There is a need for convergence between the fields of neonatal immunology, with its in-depth population-wide characterization of newborn-specific immune responses, and clinical immunology, with its investigations of infections in patients at the cellular and molecular levels, to facilitate identification of the mechanisms of susceptibility to infection in individual newborns and the design of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Borghesi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital, Pavia, EU, Italy; School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Jung E, Romero R, Suksai M, Gotsch F, Chaemsaithong P, Erez O, Conde-Agudelo A, Gomez-Lopez N, Berry SM, Meyyazhagan A, Yoon BH. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term: definition, pathogenesis, microbiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:S807-S840. [PMID: 38233317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical chorioamnionitis, the most common infection-related diagnosis in labor and delivery units, is an antecedent of puerperal infection and neonatal sepsis. The condition is suspected when intrapartum fever is associated with two other maternal and fetal signs of local or systemic inflammation (eg, maternal tachycardia, uterine tenderness, maternal leukocytosis, malodorous vaginal discharge or amniotic fluid, and fetal tachycardia). Clinical chorioamnionitis is a syndrome caused by intraamniotic infection, sterile intraamniotic inflammation (inflammation without bacteria), or systemic maternal inflammation induced by epidural analgesia. In cases of uncertainty, a definitive diagnosis can be made by analyzing amniotic fluid with methods to detect bacteria (Gram stain, culture, or microbial nucleic acid) and inflammation (white blood cell count, glucose concentration, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase-8). The most common microorganisms are Ureaplasma species, and polymicrobial infections occur in 70% of cases. The fetal attack rate is low, and the rate of positive neonatal blood cultures ranges between 0.2% and 4%. Intrapartum antibiotic administration is the standard treatment to reduce neonatal sepsis. Treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin have been recommended by professional societies, although other antibiotic regimens, eg, cephalosporins, have been used. Given the importance of Ureaplasma species as a cause of intraamniotic infection, consideration needs to be given to the administration of antimicrobial agents effective against these microorganisms such as azithromycin or clarithromycin. We have used the combination of ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, and metronidazole, which has been shown to eradicate intraamniotic infection with microbiologic studies. Routine testing of neonates born to affected mothers for genital mycoplasmas could improve the detection of neonatal sepsis. Clinical chorioamnionitis is associated with decreased uterine activity, failure to progress in labor, and postpartum hemorrhage; however, clinical chorioamnionitis by itself is not an indication for cesarean delivery. Oxytocin is often administered for labor augmentation, and it is prudent to have uterotonic agents at hand to manage postpartum hemorrhage. Infants born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis near term are at risk for early-onset neonatal sepsis and for long-term disability such as cerebral palsy. A frontier is the noninvasive assessment of amniotic fluid to diagnose intraamniotic inflammation with a transcervical amniotic fluid collector and a rapid bedside test for IL-8 for patients with ruptured membranes. This approach promises to improve diagnostic accuracy and to provide a basis for antimicrobial administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Jung
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahidol University, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Offer Erez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Agustin Conde-Agudelo
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Stanley M Berry
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Rauch E, Amendt T, Lopez Krol A, Lang FB, Linse V, Hohmann M, Keim AC, Kreutzer S, Kawengian K, Buchholz M, Duschner P, Grauer S, Schnierle B, Ruhl A, Burtscher I, Dehnert S, Kuria C, Kupke A, Paul S, Liehr T, Lechner M, Schnare M, Kaufmann A, Huber M, Winkler TH, Bauer S, Yu P. T-bet + B cells are activated by and control endogenous retroviruses through TLR-dependent mechanisms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1229. [PMID: 38336876 PMCID: PMC10858178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are an integral part of the mammalian genome. The role of immune control of ERVs in general is poorly defined as is their function as anti-cancer immune targets or drivers of autoimmune disease. Here, we generate mouse-strains where Moloney-Murine Leukemia Virus tagged with GFP (ERV-GFP) infected the mouse germline. This enables us to analyze the role of genetic, epigenetic and cell intrinsic restriction factors in ERV activation and control. We identify an autoreactive B cell response against the neo-self/ERV antigen GFP as a key mechanism of ERV control. Hallmarks of this response are spontaneous ERV-GFP+ germinal center formation, elevated serum IFN-γ levels and a dependency on Age-associated B cells (ABCs) a subclass of T-bet+ memory B cells. Impairment of IgM B cell receptor-signal in nucleic-acid sensing TLR-deficient mice contributes to defective ERV control. Although ERVs are a part of the genome they break immune tolerance, induce immune surveillance against ERV-derived self-antigens and shape the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Rauch
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Emil-von-Behring-Str. 76, 35041, Marburg, Germany
| | - Timm Amendt
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | | | - Fabian B Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Linse
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Hohmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Apollo Ventures Holding GmbH, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Keim
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kreutzer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kevin Kawengian
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Core Facility Small Animal Multispectral and Ultrasound Imaging, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Duschner
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Grauer
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schnierle
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ruhl
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Dehnert
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Chege Kuria
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kupke
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Paul
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus Lechner
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Schnare
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaufmann
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Sytems Immunology, Center for Tumor and Immunobiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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24
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Liu J, Joseph S, Manohar K, Lee J, Brokaw JP, Shelley WC, Markel TA. Role of innate T cells in necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357483. [PMID: 38390341 PMCID: PMC10881895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a destructive gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting preterm babies. Despite advancements in neonatal care, NEC remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units worldwide and the etiology of NEC is still unclear. Risk factors for NEC include prematurity, very low birth weight, feeding with formula, intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial infection. A review of the literature would suggest that supplementation of prebiotics and probiotics prevents NEC by altering the immune responses. Innate T cells, a highly conserved subpopulation of T cells that responds quickly to stimulation, develops differently from conventional T cells in neonates. This review aims to provide a succinct overview of innate T cells in neonates, encompassing their phenotypic characteristics, functional roles, likely involvement in the pathogenesis of NEC, and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sharon Joseph
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jasmine Lee
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - John P. Brokaw
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - W. Christopher Shelley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Troy A. Markel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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25
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Xu D, Zhou S, Liu Y, Scott AL, Yang J, Wan F. Complement in breast milk modifies offspring gut microbiota to promote infant health. Cell 2024; 187:750-763.e20. [PMID: 38242132 PMCID: PMC10872564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Breastfeeding offers demonstrable benefits to newborns and infants by providing nourishment and immune protection and by shaping the gut commensal microbiota. Although it has been appreciated for decades that breast milk contains complement components, the physiological relevance of complement in breast milk remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that weanling mice fostered by complement-deficient dams rapidly succumb when exposed to murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (CR), whereas pups fostered on complement-containing milk from wild-type dams can tolerate CR challenge. The complement components in breast milk were shown to directly lyse specific members of gram-positive gut commensal microbiota via a C1-dependent, antibody-independent mechanism, resulting in the deposition of the membrane attack complex and subsequent bacterial lysis. By selectively eliminating members of the commensal gut community, complement components from breast milk shape neonate and infant gut microbial composition to be protective against environmental pathogens such as CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Siyu Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan L Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Tian K, Dangarh P, Zhang H, Hines CL, Bush A, Pybus HJ, Harker JA, Lloyd CM, Tanaka RJ, Saglani S. Role of epithelial barrier function in inducing type 2 immunity following early-life viral infection. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:109-119. [PMID: 38011856 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preschool wheeze attacks triggered by recurrent viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. However, mechanisms that lead to asthma following early-life viral wheezing remain uncertain. METHODS To investigate a causal relationship between early-life RSV infections and onset of type 2 immunity, we developed a neonatal murine model of recurrent RSV infection, in vivo and in silico, and evaluated the dynamical changes of altered airway barrier function and downstream immune responses, including eosinophilia, mucus secretion and type 2 immunity. RESULTS RSV infection of neonatal BALB/c mice at 5 and 15 days of age induced robust airway eosinophilia, increased pulmonary CD4+ IL-13+ and CD4+ IL-5+ cells, elevated levels of IL-13 and IL-5 and increased airway mucus at 20 days of age. Increased bronchoalveolar lavage albumin levels, suggesting epithelial barrier damage, were present and persisted following the second RSV infection. Computational in silico simulations demonstrated that recurrent RSV infection resulted in severe damage of the airway barrier (epithelium), triggering the onset of type 2 immunity. The in silico results also demonstrated that recurrent infection is not always necessary for the development of type 2 immunity, which could also be triggered with single infection of high viral load or when the epithelial barrier repair is compromised. CONCLUSIONS The neonatal murine model demonstrated that recurrent RSV infection in early life alters airway barrier function and promotes type 2 immunity. A causal relationship between airway barrier function and type 2 immunity was suggested using in silico model simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyuan Tian
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Prakrati Dangarh
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Haina Zhang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew Bush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hannah J Pybus
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James A Harker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Reiko J Tanaka
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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27
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Squires JE, Raghu VK, Mazariegos GV. Optimizing the pediatric transplant candidate. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2024; 29:43-49. [PMID: 37823752 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Advances in pediatric transplant parallel those in adult populations; however, there remain critical unique considerations and differences that require specialized knowledge and a specific skill set to optimize care afforded to the pediatric transplant candidate. We introduce general themes regarding optimization of the transplant candidate that are unique to children. RECENT FINDINGS The pathologies leading to pediatric organ transplant candidacy differ from adults and a precise understanding of the physiologies and natural histories of such diseases is critical for optimized care. Regardless of etiology, comorbidities including malnutrition, sarcopenia, and developmental delay are seen and often require disease and organ specific approaches to management. Additionally, an understanding of the concepts of developmental immunology and their relevance to transplant is critical. SUMMARY When looking to optimize pretransplant care, awareness of the pediatric-specific challenges by the transplant community in addition to organ- and age-specific management strategies enable the best outcomes for children awaiting solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Squires
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Vikram K Raghu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - George V Mazariegos
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Department of Transplant Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Fonseca JA, King AC, Chahroudi A. More than the Infinite Monkey Theorem: NHP Models in the Development of a Pediatric HIV Cure. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2024; 21:11-29. [PMID: 38227162 PMCID: PMC10859349 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An HIV cure that eliminates the viral reservoir or provides viral control without antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an urgent need in children as they face unique challenges, including lifelong ART adherence and the deleterious effects of chronic immune activation. This review highlights the importance of nonhuman primate (NHP) models in developing an HIV cure for children as these models recapitulate the viral pathogenesis and persistence. RECENT FINDINGS Several cure approaches have been explored in infant NHPs, although knowledge gaps remain. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) show promise for controlling viremia and delaying viral rebound after ART interruption but face administration challenges. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors hold the potential for sustained bNAb expression. Therapeutic vaccination induces immune responses against simian retroviruses but has yet to impact the viral reservoir. Combining immunotherapies with latency reversal agents (LRAs) that enhance viral antigen expression should be explored. Current and future cure approaches will require adaptation for the pediatric immune system and unique features of virus persistence, for which NHP models are fundamental to assess their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo A Fonseca
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexis C King
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory+Children's Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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29
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Zhang Y, Kong L, Lawrence JC, Tan L. Utilization of Biopolymer-Based Lutein Emulsion as an Effective Delivery System to Improve Lutein Bioavailability in Neonatal Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:422. [PMID: 38337704 PMCID: PMC10857328 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Newborns' eyes and brains are prone to oxidative stress. Lutein has antioxidant properties and is the main component of macular pigment essential for protecting the retina, but has low bioavailability, thereby limiting its potential as a nutritional supplement. Oil-in-water emulsions have been used as lutein delivery systems. In particular, octenylsuccinated (OS) starch is a biopolymer-derived emulsifier safe to use in infant foods, while exhibiting superior emulsifying capacity. This study determined the effects of an OS starch-stabilized lutein emulsion on lutein bioavailability in Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats. In an acute study, 10-day-old pups received a single oral dose of free lutein or lutein emulsion, with subsequent blood sampling over 24 h to analyze pharmacokinetics. The lutein emulsion group had a 2.12- and 1.91-fold higher maximum serum lutein concentration and area under the curve, respectively, compared to the free lutein group. In two daily dosing studies, oral lutein was given from postnatal day 5 to 18. Blood and tissue lutein concentrations were measured. The results indicated that the daily intake of lutein emulsion led to a higher lutein concentration in circulation and key tissues compared to free lutein. The OS starch-stabilized emulsion could be an effective and safe lutein delivery system for newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Libo Tan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (Y.Z.); (L.K.); (J.C.L.)
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30
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Vergadi E, Kolliniati O, Lapi I, Ieronymaki E, Lyroni K, Alexaki VI, Diamantaki E, Vaporidi K, Hatzidaki E, Papadaki HA, Galanakis E, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T, Tsatsanis C. An IL-10/DEL-1 axis supports granulopoiesis and survival from sepsis in early life. Nat Commun 2024; 15:680. [PMID: 38263289 PMCID: PMC10805706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The limited reserves of neutrophils are implicated in the susceptibility to infection in neonates, however the regulation of neutrophil kinetics in infections in early life remains poorly understood. Here we show that the developmental endothelial locus (DEL-1) is elevated in neonates and is critical for survival from neonatal polymicrobial sepsis, by supporting emergency granulopoiesis. Septic DEL-1 deficient neonate mice display low numbers of myeloid-biased multipotent and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in the bone marrow, resulting in neutropenia, exaggerated bacteremia, and increased mortality; defects that are rescued by DEL-1 administration. A high IL-10/IL-17A ratio, observed in newborn sepsis, sustains tissue DEL-1 expression, as IL-10 upregulates while IL-17 downregulates DEL-1. Consistently, serum DEL-1 and blood neutrophils are elevated in septic adult and neonate patients with high serum IL-10/IL-17A ratio, and mortality is lower in septic patients with high serum DEL-1. Therefore, IL-10/DEL-1 axis supports emergency granulopoiesis, prevents neutropenia and promotes sepsis survival in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vergadi
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, IMMB, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Ourania Kolliniati
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, IMMB, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Lapi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, IMMB, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Ieronymaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, IMMB, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantina Lyroni
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, IMMB, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eleni Diamantaki
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Vaporidi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology/Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Galanakis
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christos Tsatsanis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, IMMB, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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31
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Kassai S, de Vos P. Gastrointestinal barrier function, immunity, and neurocognition: The role of human milk oligosaccharide (hMO) supplementation in infant formula. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13271. [PMID: 38284595 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Breastmilk is seen as the gold standard for infant nutrition as it provides nutrients and compounds that stimulate gut barrier, immune, and brain development to the infant. However, there are many instances where it is not possible for an infant to be fed with breastmilk, especially for the full 6 months recommended by the World Health Organization. In such instances, infant formula is seen as the next best approach. However, infant formulas do not contain human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs), which are uniquely present in human milk as the third most abundant solid component. hMOs have been linked to many health benefits, such as the development of the gut microbiome, the immune system, the intestinal barrier, and a healthy brain. This paper reviews the effects of specific hMOs applied in infant formula on the intestinal barrier, including the not-often-recognized intestinal alkaline phosphatase system that prevents inflammation. Additionally, impact on immunity and the current proof for effects in neurocognitive function and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. Recent studies suggest that hMOs can alter gut microbiota, modulate intestinal immune barrier function, and promote neurocognitive function. The hMOs 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose have been found to have positive effects on the development of infants and have been deemed safe for use in formula. However, their use has been limited due to their cost and complexity of synthesis. Thus, although many benefits have been described, complex hMOs and combinations of hMOs with other oligosaccharides are the best approach to stimulate gut barrier, immune, and brain development and for the prevention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kassai
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sereme Y, Toumi E, Saifi E, Faury H, Skurnik D. Maternal immune factors involved in the prevention or facilitation of neonatal bacterial infections. Cell Immunol 2024; 395-396:104796. [PMID: 38104514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Newborns, whether born prematurely or at term, have a fully formed but naive immune system that must adapt to the extra-uterine environment to prevent infections. Maternal immunity, transmitted through the placenta and breast milk, protects newborns against infections, primarily via immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) and certain maternal immune cells also known as microchimeric cells. Recently, it also appeared that the maternal gut microbiota played a vital role in neonatal immune maturation via microbial compounds impacting immune development and the establishment of immune tolerance. In this context, maternal vaccination is a powerful tool to enhance even more maternal and neonatal health. It involves the transfer of vaccine-induced antibodies to protect both mother and child from infectious diseases. In this work we review the state of the art on maternal immune factors involved in the prevention of neonatal bacterial infections, with particular emphasis on the role of maternal vaccination in protecting neonates against bacterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssouf Sereme
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Eya Toumi
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Estelle Saifi
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Helène Faury
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France; Department of Microbiology, Necker Hospital, University de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Skurnik
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France; Department of Microbiology, Necker Hospital, University de Paris, Paris, France; FHU PREMA, Paris, France.
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Kim AR, Sette A, da Silva Antunes R. Adaptive immune response to bordetella pertussis during vaccination and infection: emerging perspectives and unanswered questions. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:705-714. [PMID: 39037200 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2383745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, remains a significant challenge as a vaccine-preventable disease worldwide. Since the switch from the whole-cell Pertussis (wP) vaccine to the acellular Pertussis vaccine (aP), cases of whooping cough have increased in countries using the aP vaccine. Understanding the immune system's response to pertussis vaccines and infection is crucial for improving current vaccine efficacy. AREAS COVERED This review of the literature using PubMed records offers an overview of the qualitative differences in antibody and T cell responses to B. pertussis (BP) in vaccination and infection, and their potential association with decreased efficacy of the aP vaccine in preventing infection and subclinical colonization. We further discuss how asymptomatic infections and carriage are widespread among vaccinated human populations, and explore methodologies that can be employed for their detection, to better understand their impact on adaptive immune responses and identify key features necessary for protection against the disease. EXPERT OPINION An underappreciated human BP reservoir, stemming from the decreased capacity of the aP vaccine to prevent subclinical infection, offers an alternative explanation for the increased incidence of clinical disease and recurrent outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Reum Kim
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
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Buthelezi PF, Naby F, Kannigan Y. Retrospective review of bacteriological profiles and antibiogram in a tertiary neonatal unit. S Afr J Infect Dis 2023; 38:537. [PMID: 38125049 PMCID: PMC10730448 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v38i1.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early detection and initiation of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy are crucial. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the antibiogram of the neonatal intensive care unit at Grey's Hospital, a tertiary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal. Method This was a retrospective descriptive study, reviewing positive cultures from Grey's Hospital tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa for a 3-year period (01 January 2017 to 31 December 2019). All positive cultures from all sites were included. Results There were 1314 positive organisms cultured. Late-onset sepsis (89.3%) predominated over early-onset sepsis (10.7%). Blood was the source for 55.2% (725/1314) of positive cultures. Of the 1314 organisms cultured, 53.7% (706/1314) were Gram-positive, 45.7% (601/1314) were Gram-negative and 0.5% (7/1314) were Candida species. Klebsiella pneumoniae, 23.5% (313/1314) was the most frequent Gram-negative organism. It was noted to have high resistance to the unit's first-line antibiotic regimens; 99% were resistant to ampicillin and 92% resistant to gentamicin. Conclusion Blood cultures yielded most positive results with a predominance of Gram-positive organisms and late-onset sepsis. A significant proportion of the cultured organisms were resistant to the first-line antimicrobials utilised in the unit, ampicillin and gentamicin. Contribution Ongoing surveillance on positive cultures is recommended to assess the effectiveness of the unit's current empirical antimicrobial guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philile F Buthelezi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Fathima Naby
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Yashodhara Kannigan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Froń A, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. Understanding the Immunological Quality of Breast Milk in Maternal Overweight and Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:5016. [PMID: 38140275 PMCID: PMC10746120 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity, affecting many pregnant women globally, not only poses immediate health risks but also modulates breast milk composition. Obesity is linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, impacting breast milk's immune properties. This paper explores the intricate relationship between maternal metabolic disorders, such as obesity, and breast milk's immunological components. We conducted a thorough search for original and review articles published until 17 October 2023 in the PUBMED/Scopus database. This search included several terms related to human breast milk, immunological properties, and obesity. Articles were selected with the consensus of all authors. Maternal metabolic disorders have discernible effects on the composition of immune-related components in breast milk, such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, growth factors, extracellular vesicles, and lymphocytes. These changes in breast milk composition can significantly impact the newborn's immune system, with potential long-term health implications beyond the immediate postnatal period. Maternal metabolic health is a critical factor in shaping the health trajectory of the neonate through breastfeeding, although the full advantages of breastfeeding for children of mothers with obesity remain uncertain. Ongoing research aims to understand and unravel these links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Froń
- Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
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Nouri N, Cao RG, Bunsow E, Nehar-Belaid D, Marches R, Xu Z, Smith B, Heinonen S, Mertz S, Leber A, Smits G, van der Klis F, Mejías A, Banchereau J, Pascual V, Ramilo O. Young infants display heterogeneous serological responses and extensive but reversible transcriptional changes following initial immunizations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7976. [PMID: 38042900 PMCID: PMC10693608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants necessitate vaccinations to prevent life-threatening infections. Our understanding of the infant immune responses to routine vaccines remains limited. We analyzed two cohorts of 2-month-old infants before vaccination, one week, and one-month post-vaccination. We report remarkable heterogeneity but limited antibody responses to the different antigens. Whole-blood transcriptome analysis in an initial cohort showed marked overexpression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and to a lesser extent of inflammation-genes at day 7, which normalized one month post-vaccination. Single-cell RNA sequencing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a second cohort identified at baseline a predominantly naive immune landscape including ISGhi cells. On day 7, increased expression of interferon-, inflammation-, and cytotoxicity-related genes were observed in most immune cells, that reverted one month post-vaccination, when a CD8+ ISGhi and cytotoxic cluster and B cells expanded. Antibody responses were associated with baseline frequencies of plasma cells, B-cells, and monocytes, and induction of ISGs at day 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Nouri
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Raquel Giacomelli Cao
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eleonora Bunsow
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Radu Marches
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bennett Smith
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Santtu Heinonen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Mertz
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Leber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gaby Smits
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona van der Klis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Asunción Mejías
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Immunai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health and Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Li L, Li M. Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit the abnormal activation of immune function in neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by carrying miR-124-3p. Neurol Res 2023; 45:1079-1090. [PMID: 37748110 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2257416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is among the leading causes of neonatal death worldwide. miR-124-3p can be utilized as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for perinatal asphyxia and HI encephalopathy in newborns. This study investigated the protective effect and mechanism of miR-124-3p in astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) in HIBD. METHODS The neonatal mouse model of HIBD was established. Astrocytes were transfected with the miR-124-3p inhibitor, followed by isolation and identification of ADEVs (ADEVs + inhi miR). HIBD mice were injected with ADEVs or ADEVs + inhi miR through the lateral ventricle, and neurological function was evaluated based on the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). The infarct volume of mice and the morphological modifications of neurons were observed by TTC staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The contents of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and MDA in the hippocampus were measured. The neuronal apoptosis, the activation of MPO+ neutrophils, NK cells, and CD3+ cells in CA1 region of the hippocampus was determined by means of TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence. RESULTS ADEVs alleviated HIBD in neonatal mice. ADEVs could intrinsically protect mice from HIBD by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in hippocampal tissue. ADEVs inhibited the positive expression of MPO+ neutrophils, NK cells, and CD3+ cells in HIBD neonatal mice. ADEVs inhibited the hippocampal immune cells by delivering miR-124-3p in neonatal HIBD mice. CONCLUSION ADEVs can inhibit the abnormal activation of immune function in HIBD by delivering miR-124-3p, thereby eliciting a protective effect on brain damage in neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaochen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Gupta T, Najumuddin, Rajendran D, Gujral A, Jangra A. Metabolism configures immune response across multi-systems: Lessons from COVID-19. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 90:100977. [PMID: 37690286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies over the last decade demonstrate the recruitment of immune cells, increased inflammatory cytokines, and chemokine in patients with metabolic diseases, including heart failure, parenchymal inflammation, obesity, tuberculosis, and diabetes mellitus. Metabolic rewiring of immune cells is associated with the severity and prevalence of these diseases. The risk of developing COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection increases in patients with metabolic dysfunction (heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity). Several etiologies, including fatigue, dyspnea, and dizziness, persist even months after COVID-19 infection, commonly known as Post-Acute Sequelae of CoV-2 (PASC) or long COVID. A chronic inflammatory state and metabolic dysfunction are the factors that contribute to long COVID. Here, this study explores the potential link between pathogenic metabolic and immune alterations across different organ systems that could underlie COVID-19 and PASC. These interactions could be utilized for targeted future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinku Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Najumuddin
- Program of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dhanya Rajendran
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Akash Gujral
- Department of Medicine, Nyu Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.
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Gao C, Chen Q, Hao X, Wang Q. Immunomodulation of Antibody Glycosylation through the Placental Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16772. [PMID: 38069094 PMCID: PMC10705935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing an immune balance between the mother and fetus during gestation is crucial, with the placenta acting as the epicenter of immune tolerance. The placental transfer of antibodies, mainly immunoglobulin G (IgG), is critical in protecting the developing fetus from infections. This review looks at how immunomodulation of antibody glycosylation occurs during placental transfer and how it affects fetal health. The passage of maternal IgG antibodies through the placental layers, including the syncytiotrophoblast, stroma, and fetal endothelium, is discussed. The effect of IgG subclass, glycosylation, concentration, maternal infections, and antigen specificity on antibody transfer efficiency is investigated. FcRn-mediated IgG transport, influenced by pH-dependent binding, is essential for placental transfer. Additionally, this review delves into the impact of glycosylation patterns on antibody functionality, considering both protective and pathological effects. Factors affecting the transfer of protective antibodies, such as maternal vaccination, are discussed along with reducing harmful antibodies. This in-depth examination of placental antibody transfer and glycosylation provides insights into improving neonatal immunity and mitigating the effects of maternal autoimmune and alloimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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40
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López DA, Griffin A, Aguilar LM, Rice CD, Myers EJ, Warren KJ, Welner R, Beaudin AE. Prenatal inflammation reprograms hyperactive ILC2s that promote allergic lung inflammation and airway dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567899. [PMID: 38045298 PMCID: PMC10690173 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that initiates in early life, but causal mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we examined how prenatal inflammation shapes allergic asthma susceptibility by reprogramming lung immunity from early development. Induction of Type I interferon-mediated inflammation during development provoked expansion and hyperactivation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) seeding the developing lung. Hyperactivated ILC2s produced increased IL-5 and IL-13, and were associated with acute Th2 bias, eosinophilia, and decreased Tregs in the lung. The hyperactive ILC2 phenotype was recapitulated by adoptive transfer of a fetal liver precursor following exposure to prenatal inflammation, indicative of developmental programming. Programming of ILC2 function and subsequent lung immune remodeling by prenatal inflammation led to airway dysfunction at baseline and in response to papain, indicating increased asthma susceptibility. Our data provide a link by which developmental programming of progenitors by early-life inflammation drives lung immune remodeling and asthma susceptibility through hyperactivation of lung-resident ILC2s. One Sentence Summary Prenatal inflammation programs asthma susceptibility by inducing the production of hyperactivated ILC2s in the developing lung.
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Amano A, Nagafuji M, Fujiyama S, Hitaka D, Miyazono Y, Takada H. Immune response to Listeria monocytogenes infection in a preterm infant: A case report. Pediatr Neonatol 2023; 64:698-700. [PMID: 37604736 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anri Amano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Motomichi Nagafuji
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Fujiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Hitaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yayoi Miyazono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Donald K, Finlay BB. Early-life interactions between the microbiota and immune system: impact on immune system development and atopic disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:735-748. [PMID: 37138015 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal and early postnatal life represent key periods of immune system development. In addition to genetics and host biology, environment has a large and irreversible role in the immune maturation and health of an infant. One key player in this process is the gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms that colonizes the human intestine. The diet, environment and medical interventions experienced by an infant determine the establishment and progression of the intestinal microbiota, which interacts with and trains the developing immune system. Several chronic immune-mediated diseases have been linked to an altered gut microbiota during early infancy. The recent rise in allergic disease incidence has been explained by the 'hygiene hypothesis', which states that societal changes in developed countries have led to reduced early-life microbial exposures, negatively impacting immunity. Although human cohort studies across the globe have established a correlation between early-life microbiota composition and atopy, mechanistic links and specific host-microorganism interactions are still being uncovered. Here, we detail the progression of immune system and microbiota maturation in early life, highlight the mechanistic links between microbes and the immune system, and summarize the role of early-life host-microorganism interactions in allergic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Donald
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Rojas DB, Vizuete AFK, de Andrade VS, de Andrade RB, Gemelli T, Kim TDH, Gonçalves CA, Leipnitz G, Wannmacher CMD. Lipopolysaccharide impairs neurodevelopment and induces changes in astroglial reactivity, antioxidant defenses and bioenergetics in the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:600-614. [PMID: 37477051 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates have an immature immune system, which increases their vulnerability to infectious agents and inflammatory insults. The administration of the immunostimulatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cause behavior alterations in rodents at different ages. However, the effects of LPS administration during the neonatal period and its consequences during immune system maturation remain to be elucidated. We showed here that a single intraperitoneal administration of LPS in rats on postnatal day (PND) 7 caused early and variable alterations in TNF-α, S100B and GFAP levels in the cerebral cortex, CSF and serum of the animals, indicating long-term induction of neuroinflammation and astroglial reactivity. However, on PND 21, only GFAP levels were increased by LPS. Additionally, LPS induced oxidative stress and altered energy metabolism enzymes in the cerebral cortex on PND 21, and caused neurodevelopment impairment over time. These data suggest that neuroinflammation induction during the neonatal period induces glial reactivity, oxidative stress and bioenergetic disruption that may lead to neurodevelopment impairment and cognitive deficit in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bertin Rojas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fernanda K Vizuete
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vivian Strassburger de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Tanise Gemelli
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tomas Duk Hwa Kim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clovis Milton Duval Wannmacher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Barten LJC, Zuurveld M, Faber J, Garssen J, Klok T. Oral immunotherapy as a curative treatment for food-allergic preschool children: Current evidence and potential underlying mechanisms. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14043. [PMID: 38010006 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide rising prevalence of food allergy is a major public health concern. Standard care consists of allergen avoidance and rescue medication upon accidental exposure. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is increasingly being studied as a treatment option. Although desensitization (an increased reaction threshold) is often achieved during OIT, sustained unresponsiveness (SU; clinical nonreactivity after finishing OIT) is not achieved in most patients. A few studies have investigated the effectiveness of OIT in children younger than 4 years of age (early = e-OIT) and have shown a much more favorable outcome in terms of SU development. Together with food allergy prevention studies, which have demonstrated high efficacy of early oral allergen exposure, the outcomes of e-OIT studies indicate an early-life window of opportunity to achieve SU, allowing unrestricted dietary intake. However, the underlying mechanism of the high effectiveness of e-OIT is not understood yet. Both cohort and OIT studies indicate early-life immune plasticity. An immature food-allergic response in the first years of life seems to be a major driver of this immune plasticity, along with a higher tolerogenic immunological state. Allergy maturation can likely be disrupted effectively by early intervention, preventing the development of persistent food allergy. Upcoming studies will provide important additional data on the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of e-OIT. Combined with immune mechanistic studies, this should inform the implementation of e-OIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke J C Barten
- Pediatric Allergy Treatment Center, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Zuurveld
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Faber
- Pediatric Allergy Treatment Center, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ted Klok
- Pediatric Allergy Treatment Center, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands
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Liang Y, Liu D, Li Y, Hou H, Li P, Ma X, Li P, Zhan J, Wang P. Maternal polysorbate 80 exposure causes intestinal ILCs and CD4 + T cell developmental abnormalities in mouse offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122392. [PMID: 37595736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the transgenerational impacts of maternal intake of polysorbate 80 (P80), an emulsifier widely used in modern society, on the development of offspring immunity. Our results revealed that maternal P80 treatment led to impaired differentiation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and CD4+ T cells in the small intestinal lamina propria (SiLP), resulting in intestinal dyshomeostasis in female offspring. Furthermore, we found that SiLP ILCs abundances were significantly altered in 0-day-old fetuses from P80-treated mothers, indicating a prenatal impact of P80-treated mothers on offspring immunity. Additionally, cesarean section and foster-nursing studies demonstrated that P80-induced altered SiLP ILCs in 0-day-old fetuses could further induce dysregulation of ILCs and CD4+ T cells in the SiLP, thus promoting intestinal dysregulation in offspring later in life. Overall, our findings suggest that maternal P80 intake could prenatally program the development of offspring immunity, exerting a significant and long-lasting impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haonan Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peize Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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46
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De-Leon-Lopez YS, Thompson ME, Kean JJ, Flaherty RA. The PI3K-Akt pathway is a multifaceted regulator of the macrophage response to diverse group B Streptococcus isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1258275. [PMID: 37928185 PMCID: PMC10622663 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1258275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is a common member of the microbial flora in healthy individuals. However, problems may arise when GBS-colonized mothers become pregnant. GBS may be transferred from a colonized mother to her newborn or developing fetus, which may result in complications such as miscarriage, pre-term birth, meningitis, pneumonia, or sepsis. Macrophages play an especially important role in the fetal and newborn response to GBS due to the limited development of the adaptive immune system early in life. The goal of this study was to expand what is currently known about how GBS manipulates macrophage cell signaling to evade the immune system and cause disease. To this end, we investigated whether the PI3K-Akt pathway was involved in several key aspects of the macrophage response to GBS. We explored whether certain GBS strains, such as sequence type (ST)-17 strains, rely on this pathway for the more rapid macrophage uptake they induce compared to other GBS strains. Our findings suggest that this pathway is, indeed, important for macrophage uptake of GBS. Consistent with these findings, we used immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate that more virulent strains of GBS induce more actin projections in macrophages than less virulent strains. Additionally, we explored whether PI3K-Akt signaling impacted the ability of GBS to survive within macrophages after phagocytosis and whether this pathway influenced the survival rate of macrophages themselves following GBS infection. The PI3K-Akt pathway was found to promote the survival of both macrophages and intracellular GBS following infection. We also observed that inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway significantly reduced GBS-mediated activation of NFκB, which is a key regulator of cell survival and inflammatory responses. Overall, these insights into strain-dependent GBS-mediated manipulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway and its downstream targets in infected macrophages may provide new insights for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools to combat severe GBS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rebecca A. Flaherty
- Department of Biology and Health Science, Aquinas College, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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Rožmanić C, Lisnić B, Pribanić Matešić M, Mihalić A, Hiršl L, Park E, Lesac Brizić A, Indenbirken D, Viduka I, Šantić M, Adler B, Yokoyama WM, Krmpotić A, Juranić Lisnić V, Jonjić S, Brizić I. Perinatal murine cytomegalovirus infection reshapes the transcriptional profile and functionality of NK cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6412. [PMID: 37828009 PMCID: PMC10570381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections in early life can elicit substantially different immune responses and pathogenesis than infections in adulthood. Here, we investigate the consequences of murine cytomegalovirus infection in newborn mice on NK cells. We show that infection severely compromised NK cell maturation and functionality in newborns. This effect was not due to compromised virus control. Inflammatory responses to infection dysregulated the expression of major transcription factors governing NK cell fate, such as Eomes, resulting in impaired NK cell function. Most prominently, NK cells from perinatally infected mice have a diminished ability to produce IFN-γ due to the downregulation of long non-coding RNA Ifng-as1 expression. Moreover, the bone marrow's capacity to efficiently generate new NK cells is reduced, explaining the prolonged negative effects of perinatal infection on NK cells. This study demonstrates that viral infections in early life can profoundly impact NK cell biology, including long-lasting impairment in NK cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rožmanić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Berislav Lisnić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Andrea Mihalić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lea Hiršl
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Eugene Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ana Lesac Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ina Viduka
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marina Šantić
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Barbara Adler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wayne M Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanda Juranić Lisnić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Vogel K, Arra A, Lingel H, Bretschneider D, Prätsch F, Schanze D, Zenker M, Balk S, Bruder D, Geffers R, Hachenberg T, Arens C, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. Bifidobacteria shape antimicrobial T-helper cell responses during infancy and adulthood. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5943. [PMID: 37741816 PMCID: PMC10517955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections early in life are challenging for the unexperienced immune system. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic again has highlighted that neonatal, infant, child, and adult T-helper(Th)-cells respond differently to infections, and requires further understanding. This study investigates anti-bacterial T-cell responses against Staphylococcus aureus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bifidobacterium longum infantis in early stages of life and adults and shows age and pathogen-dependent mechanisms. Beside activation-induced clustering, T-cells stimulated with Staphylococci become Th1-type cells; however, this differentiation is mitigated in Bifidobacterium-stimulated T-cells. Strikingly, prestimulation of T-cells with Bifidobacterium suppresses the activation of Staphylococcus-specific T-helper cells in a cell-cell dependent manner by inducing FoxP3+CD4+ T-cells, increasing IL-10 and galectin-1 secretion and showing a CTLA-4-dependent inhibitory capacity. Furthermore Bifidobacterium dampens Th responses of severely ill COVID-19 patients likely contributing to resolution of harmful overreactions of the immune system. Targeted, age-specific interventions may enhance infection defence, and specific immune features may have potential cross-age utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Vogel
- Department of Experimental Paediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Arra
- Department of Experimental Paediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lingel
- Department of Experimental Paediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Florian Prätsch
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Silke Balk
- Department of Experimental Paediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Hachenberg
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Arens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, University Hospital of Gießen and Marburg (UKGM), Gießen Campus, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head/Neck Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Gießen, Germany
| | - Monika C Brunner-Weinzierl
- Department of Experimental Paediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Garley M, Omeljaniuk WJ, Motkowski R, Ratajczak-Wrona W, JabŁOŃSka E, Filipkowski D, Charkiewicz AE. Immunoaging - the effect of age on serum levels of NET biomarkers in men: a pilot study. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2023; 36:333-348. [PMID: 37681423 PMCID: PMC10664002 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate the impact of aging on the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The impaired formation of NETs is the cause of an abnormal innate immune response. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included a total of 45 healthy male subjects of different age groups. Whole blood was collected from the subjects, and the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the main biocidal protein in NETs, was determined in serum using ELISA. The serum levels of circulating free DNA (cfDNA), which are the structural basis of NETs, were also measured by fluorescence. In addition, the white blood cell count was determined, whole blood smear was evaluated, and the neutrophillymphocyte ratio was calculated. The variations in the levels of NET biomarkers were analyzed in different age groups. RESULTS The low levels of MPO (243.70 ng/ml) and cfDNA (6.24 ng/100 μl) in boys indicated neutrophil insufficiency for NETosis in children. A progressive increase in the levels of MPO and cfDNA with age was observed among adolescents (420.91, p = 0.04; 13.55, p = 0.03, respectively), with the highest level noted in the healthy adult group (466.58, p = 0.01; 14.07, p = 0.01, respectively). The levels of the studied parameters were comparable in adolescents and young adults, which proved that the NETosis process was appropriate and suggested the attainment of neutrophil maturity for the release of NETs in adolescence. The levels of MPO and cfDNA were low in older men (225.46, p < 0.01; 5.19, p < 0.01, respectively) indicating impaired NET formation. CONCLUSIONS Data on the generation of NETs in different age groups obtained in this study can allow a better understanding of the ontogenesis of the immune system in terms of the course of NETosis, and also indicate the need to support nonspecific responses in children and adults. Further research should be performed to determine the possibility of regulating the NETosis process. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(3):333-48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Garley
- Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Immunology, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - RadosŁAw Motkowski
- Medical University of Bialystok, University Children's Clinical Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Ewa JabŁOŃSka
- Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Immunology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Daniel Filipkowski
- Medical University of Bialystok, Students' Scientific Society, Department of Immunology, Białystok, Poland
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50
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Patel D, Munhoz J, Goruk S, Tsai S, Richard C, Field CJ. Maternal diet supplementation with high-docosahexaenoic-acid canola oil, along with arachidonic acid, promotes immune system development in allergy-prone BALB/c mouse offspring at 3 weeks of age. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2399-2413. [PMID: 37106253 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of feeding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, derived from novel canola oil), with same amount of arachidonic acid (ARA), supplemented diet to lactating dams on the immune system development of suckled offspring using a T helper type-2 (Th2)-dominant BALB/c mouse. METHODS Dams received nutritionally complete control (no ARA or DHA) or DHA + ARA diet (1% DHA and 1% ARA of total fatty acids) from 5 days pre-parturition to the end of 3-week suckling period. After euthanization, relevant tissues were collected to study fatty acids, splenocyte phenotype and function (ex vivo cytokines with/without lipopolysaccharide (LPS, bacterial challenge) or phorbol myristate acetate + ionomycin (PMAi) stimulation). RESULTS Feeding dams a DHA diet significantly increased the mammary gland milk phospholipid concentration of DHA and ARA. This resulted in 60% higher DHA levels in splenocyte phospholipids of the pups although ARA levels showed no difference. In dams fed DHA diet, significantly higher proportion of CD27+ cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and CXCR3+ CCR6- Th (enriched in Th1) were observed than control, but there were no differences in the splenocyte function upon PMAi (non-specific lymphocyte stimulant) stimulation. Pups from DHA-fed dams showed significantly higher IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α (inflammatory cytokines) by LPS-stimulated splenocytes. This may be due to higher proportion of CD86+ macrophages and B cells (all p's < 0.05) in these pups, which may influence T cell polarization. CONCLUSION Plant-based source of DHA in maternal diet resulted in higher ex vivo production of inflammatory cytokines by splenocytes due to change in their phenotype, and this can skew T cell towards Th1 response in a Th2-dominant BALB/c mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvesh Patel
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Munhoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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