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Goodarzi S, Teymouri Athar MM, Beiky M, Fathi H, Nakhaee Z, Omran SP, Shafiee A. Effect of physical activity for reducing anxiety symptoms in older adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:153. [PMID: 39014515 PMCID: PMC11251295 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety symptoms in older adults can significantly impact their well-being. Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a potential intervention to alleviate anxiety in this population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of physical activity on anxiety symptoms in geriatric individuals. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Embase databases until November 29, 2023. Two independent reviewers screened articles based on predefined inclusion criteria. RESULTS Eleven randomized controlled trials were included. These trials, involving 770 geriatric participants, demonstrated a significant overall effect of physical activity on reducing anxiety symptoms (SMD =-0.60, 95% CI: -0.88 to -0.32). Subgroup analysis based on type of intervention and duration of follow-up was performed. The results showed all types of exercises reduced anxiety symptoms compared to the control group. Furthermore, those studies with shorter follow-up (less than 10 weeks) did not show a statistically significant reduction in anxiety symptoms. Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 67%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the overall effect size. Funnel plot inspection and Egger's test (p = 0.36) suggested no signs of publication bias or small study effects. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides strong evidence that physical activity significantly reduces anxiety symptoms in older adults. The study highlights the differential effects of cardio and strength exercises and underscores the high quality of evidence supporting the anxiolytic benefits of physical activity in geriatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Goodarzi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Beiky
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | - Hanieh Fathi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | - Zahra Nakhaee
- School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Arman Shafiee
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran.
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Gill VS, Sullivan G, Stearns H, Tummala SV, Haglin JM, Economopoulos KJ, Marks L, Chauhan M. Mental Health in Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review of Suicidal Behaviour as Compared to the General Population. Sports Med 2024; 54:1-18. [PMID: 38407749 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-01998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Previous systematic reviews on mental health in athletes have found athletes to be at a potentially increased risk for mental health diagnoses compared to the public. Multiple cross-sectional studies have examined suicide behaviour within different athlete populations, but there is a need for a comprehensive review to synthesize and identify risk factors and epidemiology regarding suicide behaviour in the elite athlete population, especially as it compares to the general population. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1990 to January 2023. Inclusion criteria included original peer-reviewed research articles examining suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or suicide completion within elite athlete populations. Exclusion criteria included athletes participating in high-school or Paralympic level sports, studies that did not report results regarding elite athletes and non-athletes separately, and non-peer reviewed work. All studies were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome variables extracted from included studies included rates, risk factors, and protective factors for suicide behaviour. The study quality and risk of bias was evaluated for each study using the Joanna-Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. RESULTS Of the 875 unique studies identified, 22 studies, all of which were cross-sectional in nature, met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies evaluated previous athletes, 13 studies evaluated current athletes, and two studies included a combination of previous and current athletes. Seven studies involved varsity college athletes, nine involved professional athletes of various sports, and six focused on international or Olympic level athletes. The rate of suicidal ideation in professional athletes ranged from 6.9 to 18% across four studies, while the rate in collegiate athletes ranged from 3.7 to 6.5% across three studies. Ten studies compared athletes to the general population, the majority of which found athletes to be at reduced risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide completion. Only one study found athletes to have increased rates of suicide compared to matched non-athletes. Risk factors for suicide behaviour identified across multiple studies included male sex, non-white race, older age, and depression. Player position, athletic level, sport played, and injuries showed trends of having limited effect on suicide behaviour risk. CONCLUSION This review suggests that elite athletes generally demonstrate reduced risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide completion compared to the general population. Coaches should remain aware of specific factors, such as male sex, non-white race, and higher athletic level, in order to better identify at-risk athletes. Limitations of this review include the heterogeneity in the methodology and athlete populations across the included studies. Therefore, future targeted research is essential to compare suicide behaviour between sports and identify sport-specific suicide risk factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Registration: CRD42023395990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram S Gill
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
- Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.
| | | | - Hunter Stearns
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jack M Haglin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Lisa Marks
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Mohit Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Riis K, Samulski B, Neely KA, Laverdure P. Physical Activity for Anxiety for Autistic People: A Systematic Review. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06356-9. [PMID: 38755488 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Clinical anxiety is a common comorbidity in autistic people. Due to the prevalence of anxiety in the autism population and the adverse effects it causes, there is a critical need to develop effective interventions which address anxiety symptoms for autistic people. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of the use of physical activity as an intervention to reduce anxiety in autistic people. Three databases PubMed, PsychInfo, and Cochrane RCTs, were searched utilizing key terms. PRISMA systematic search procedures identified 44 studies meeting predetermined inclusion criteria. Participant characteristics, the type of physical activity performed, the nature of the physical activity program/delivery, anxiety-related outcomes, and research methodology was evaluated for each study. Each paper included was appraised and scored for risk of bias using Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions risk of bias tool. Titles and abstracts of 44 articles were reviewed and 8 articles met inclusion criteria which evaluated interventions. Evidence from 8 studies suggests that yoga, a community-based football program, an app-assisted walking program, group exercise programs, and horseback riding interventions reduced anxiety for autistic people. The studies included in this systematic review provide strong-to-moderate evidence that physical activity can reduce anxiety for autistic children and adults. However, additional research is needed to identify which mode of physical activity is most beneficial for anxiety reduction. Further, future research should evaluate frequency, duration, and intensity and their effects on anxiety for autistic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Riis
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL, 36830, USA.
| | - Brittany Samulski
- Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Kristina A Neely
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL, 36830, USA
| | - Patricia Laverdure
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Moussiopoulou J, Pross B, Handrack M, Keeser D, Pogarell O, Halle M, Falkai P, Scherr J, Hasan A, Roeh A. The influence of marathon running on resting-state EEG activity: a longitudinal observational study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1311-1321. [PMID: 38019317 PMCID: PMC10954932 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has positive effects on various health aspects and neuronal functions, including neuronal plasticity. Exceeding a certain exercise frequency and duration has been associated with negative effects. Our study investigated the effects of excessive PA with a marathon run (MA) and regular PA (training and recovery phases) on electrocortical activity, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Thirty healthy marathon runners (26 male, 45 ± 9 yrs) were enrolled in the study. Four resting-state 32 channel EEG recordings were conducted: 12-8 weeks before MA (T-1), 14-4 days prior to MA (T0), 1-6 days after (T2), and 13-15 weeks after MA (T3). Power spectrum analyses were conducted using standardized Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) and included the following frequency bands: delta (1.5-6 Hz), theta (6.5-8.0 Hz), alpha1 (8.5-10 Hz), alpha2 (10.5-12.0 Hz), beta1 (12.5-18.0 Hz), beta2 (18.5-21.0 Hz), beta3 (21.5-30.0 Hz), and total power (1.5-30 Hz). Statistical nonparametric mapping showed reduced power both in the alpha-2 (log-F ratio = - 0.705, threshold log-F ratio = ± 0.685, p < 0.05) and in the delta frequency band (log-F ratio = -0.699, threshold log-F ratio = ± 0.685, p < 0.05) in frontal cortical areas after MA (T2 vs. T0). These effects diminished at long-term follow-up (T3). The results can be interpreted as correlates for subacute neuroplasticity induced by strenuous and prolonged PA. Although previous studies reported an increase in alpha frequency during and directly postexercise, the adverse observation a few days after exercise cessation suggests counterregulatory mechanisms, whose complex origin can be suspected in subcortical circuits, changes in neurotransmitter systems and modulation of affectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moussiopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Pross
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Medical Faculty, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Handrack
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Scherr
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, Munich, Germany
- University Center for Preventive and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Medical Faculty, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Roeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Medical Faculty, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Ma S, Yang Y, Soh KG, Tan H. Effects of physical fitness on mental health of Chinese college students: across-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:727. [PMID: 38448880 PMCID: PMC10918864 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical and mental health of college students is often mentioned, but there is limited research on a direct relationship between the mental health status of college students and their physical fitness level. This study mainly proves the relationship between Chinese college students' mental health and physical fitness indicators. METHOD This study collected SCL-90 Scale test results from 5262 students (4012 boys and 1250 girls) through a questionnaire survey and conducted a Sport Quality Test on these students. Statistical software SPSS was applied for differential analysis and logistic regression analysis. Specifically, the differences in sport quality indicators between normal and abnormal mean total scores of psychological tests were analyzed first. Then, the binary logistic regression model was used to explore the impacts of sports quality indicator scores on students' psychological fitness. RESULTS There are differences in the results of physical fitness tests between students with abnormal psychology and students with normal psychology. The four indexes of students' vital capacity, speed, explosive power of lower limbs, and endurance running are effective in improving students' psychologically abnormal state, and endurance running and improving vital capacity are the most effective methods to improve students' psychologically abnormal state. In the physical tests of Chinese college students, the risk of psychological abnormalities was reduced by 9% for every one-point increase in lung capacity and 10.4% for every one-point increase in endurance running performance. CONCLUSIONS Chinese college students' physical fitness and mental health are related. The best methods for treating psychological disorders are lung capacity improvement and endurance running. According to the physical test results of Chinese college students, for every 1-point increase in lung capacity and endurance running, the risk of psychological abnormalities decreased by 9% and 10.4%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Ma
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
- College of Public Administration, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hermione Tan
- University of the Cumberlands, Williamsburg, North America, USA
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Bendau A, Petzold MB, Kaminski J, Plag J, Ströhle A. Exercise as Treatment for "Stress-Related" Mental Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:420-436. [PMID: 37779399 PMCID: PMC10845075 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666230927103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial impact of physical activity on preventing and treating mental disorders has captured growing (research) interest. This article aims to provide a concise overview of essential evidence regarding the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of physical activity for individuals with mental disorders clustered as "stress-related" conditions. Empirical findings (e.g., longitudinalprospective studies, interventional randomized-controlled-trials, reviews, meta-analyses) regarding the effects of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of stress-related mental disorders are summarized. Furthermore, potential mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed, and recommendations regarding the use of physical activity are outlined. The majority of studies indicate good efficacy of physical activity in prospectively lowering the risk for the incidence of subsequent stress-related mental disorders as well as in the treatment of manifest disorders. Most evidence targets unipolar depressive disorder and, secondly, anxiety disorders. Research regarding posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and somatoform disorders is promising but scarce. Physical activity seems to be useful as a stand-alone-treatment as well as in combination with other psychotherapeutic or pharmacological treatments. Multiple intertwined physiological, psychological, and social mechanisms are assumed to mediate the beneficial effects. Recommendations regarding physical activity can orientate on official guidelines but should consider the individual needs and circumstances of each subject. In summary, physical activity seems to be effective in the prevention and treatment of stressrelated mental disorders and, therefore, should be fostered in healthcare-settings. Future studies are needed to clarify partly inconsistent patterns of results and to close research gaps, e.g., concerning somatoform disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Bendau
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Moritz Bruno Petzold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Plag
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Oberberg Fachklinik Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Heidarianpour A, Shokri E, Sadeghian E, Cheraghi F, Razavi Z. Combined training in addition to cortisol reduction can improve the mental health of girls with precocious puberty and obesity. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1241744. [PMID: 38027308 PMCID: PMC10680081 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1241744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and central precocious puberty (CPP) are associated with increased anxiety, depression, and anger in girls. The contribution of exercise as an efficacious component in decreasing anxiety, depression, and anger has been increasingly recognized. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effects of combined training on cortisol, anxiety, depression, and anger in overweight and obese girls with CPP. Methods The study involved 30 girls aged 7-9 years diagnosed with CPP (undergoing triptorelin treatment) and dealing with obesity. In addition, these girls scored higher than the cut-off line for anxiety, depression, and anger. The participants were divided into two groups, with 15 individuals in each group. The exercise group engaged in 60 min of combined aerobic and resistance training three times per week for a duration of 12 weeks. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any training. Throughout the study, the serum cortisol levels were measured in both groups. Anxiety, anger, and depression questionnaires were also completed at three different stages, namely, baseline, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks (after a 4-week period of detraining). Results In the exercise group, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in cortisol serum levels and anxiety, depression, and anger scores. These changes were observed consistently during detraining (P > 0.05). However, in the control group, only the depression score significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusions Based on the results, it can be concluded that combined training is a method to improve the mental health of CPP girls. Clinical Trial Registration https://en.irct.ir/trial/61990, identifier IRCT20170411033378N10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elnaz Shokri
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Efat Sadeghian
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Disease (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Cheraghi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Disease (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Razavi
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Ahmad MH, Rizvi MA, Ali M, Mondal AC. Neurobiology of depression in Parkinson's disease: Insights into epidemiology, molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101840. [PMID: 36603690 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized mainly by motor dysfunctions due to the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. However, PD patients experience a multitude of debilitating non-motor symptoms, including depression, which may have deleteriously detrimental effects on life. Depression is multifactorial and exhibits a bimodal progression in PD, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Studies demonstrating the pathophysiology of depression in PD and the specific treatment strategies for depression-like symptoms in PD patients are largely lacking, often underrated, under-recognized and, consequently, inadequately/under-treated. Nevertheless, reports suggest that the incidence of depression is approximately 20-30% of PD patients and may precede the onset of motor symptoms. Diagnosing depression in PD becomes difficult due to the clinical overlap in symptomatology between the two diseases, and the nigrostriatal dysfunction alone is insufficient to explain depressive symptoms in PD. Therefore, the current study provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of depression in PD and new insights into developing current antidepressant strategies to treat depression in PD. This review will identify and understand the molecular pathological mechanisms of depression in PD that will fundamentally help tailoring therapeutic interventions for depressive symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Hilal Ahmad
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mansoor Ali
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Kalini S, Zartaloudi A, Kavga A, Stamou A, Alikari V, Fradelos EC, Gerogianni G. Investigation of Anxiety and Health Locus of Control in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1425:47-57. [PMID: 37581780 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31986-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hemodialysis is the most frequent treatment modality for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). However, a number of limitations and modifications accompany this treatment, affecting people's physical and psychological well-being and increasing anxiety symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of anxiety and health locus of control among dialysis patients. METHODOLOGY One hundred and five patients on hemodialysis treatment completed a questionnaire with demographic characteristics, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Multidisciplinary Health Locus of Control Scale. RESULTS Women had significantly higher levels of state anxiety than men (p = 0.019). Similarly, patients with primary school education had significantly higher trait and total anxiety levels than those with technological education (p = 0.002 and p = 0.033, respectively). Widowed patients exhibited significantly higher state, trait, and total anxiety levels than married (p = 0.032, p = 0.012, and p = 0.012, respectively). Participants who did not do any kind of exercise had significantly higher level of state, trait, and total anxiety than those who did (p = 0.011, p = 0.015, and p = 0.006, respectively). Respondents who did not have any self-care skills had significantly higher level of state, trait, and total anxiety than those who had (p = 0.011, p = 0.015, and p = 0.006, respectively). State, trait, and total anxiety levels were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) correlated negatively with internal locus of control and positively with "chance" locus of control scale. CONCLUSIONS Hemodialysis patients had increased anxiety symptoms and believed that others had control over their health to a greater extent. Renal professionals need to apply effective interventions to dialysis patients in order to help them gain a better sense of control over their health and reduce anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kalini
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anna Kavga
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Stamou
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Victoria Alikari
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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Jaehne EJ, Kent JN, Lam N, Schonfeld L, Spiers JG, Begni V, De Rosa F, Riva MA, van den Buuse M. Chronic running-wheel exercise from adolescence leads to increased anxiety and depression-like phenotypes in adulthood in rats: Effects on stress markers and interaction with BDNF Val66Met genotype. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22347. [PMID: 36567651 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to be beneficial in reducing symptoms of affective disorders and to increase the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with reduced activity-dependent BDNF release and increased risk for anxiety and depression. Male and female Val66Met rats were given access to running wheels from 3 weeks of age and compared to sedentary controls. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were measured in adulthood using the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field (OF), and forced swim test (FST). Expression of BDNF and a number of stress-related genes, the glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1), serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (Sgk1), and FK506 binding protein 51 (Fkbp5) in the hippocampus were also measured. Rats given access to running wheels developed high levels of voluntary exercise, decreased open-arm time on the EPM and center-field time in the OF, reduced overall exploratory activity in the open field, and increased immobility time in the FST with no differences between genotypes. Chronic exercise induced a significant increase in Bdnf mRNA and BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus with some of these effects being genotype specific. Exercise decreased the expression of Nr3c1 and Sgk1, but increased the expression of Fkbp5. These results suggest that chronic running-wheel exercise from adolescence increased anxiety and depression-like phenotypes in adulthood, independent of BDNF Val66Met genotype. Further studies are required to confirm that increased indices of anxiety-like behavior are independent from reduced overall locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Jaehne
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica N Kent
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nikki Lam
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lina Schonfeld
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jereme G Spiers
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Veronica Begni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Dong Z, Wang P, Xin X, Li S, Wang J, Zhao J, Wang X. The relationship between physical activity and trait anxiety in college students: The mediating role of executive function. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1009540. [PMID: 36211122 PMCID: PMC9540794 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1009540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesAimed to analyze the mediating effect of executive function between physical activity level and trait anxiety in college students.MethodsThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Stroop task, 1-back task, and More-odd shifting task were used to analyze 248 college students.ResultsTrait anxiety were significantly correlated with shifting function (r = 0.182, P = 0.004) and inhibition function (r = 0.163, P = 0.010) and not with working memory (r = 0.056, P = 0.385). Vigorous physical activity (VPA) was most highly correlated with inhibition function (Beta = −0.144, P = 0.024) and working memory (Beta = −0.208, P = 0.001), and light physical activity (LPA) was most highly correlated with shifting function (Beta = −0.211, P = 0.001). Physical activity had a 72.31% association with trait anxiety (B = −0.195), with 11.79% mediated by inhibition function (B = −0.023) and 15.90% by shifting function (B = −0.031).ConclusionCollege students' physical activity promotes both inhibition and shifting functions, which in turn affect trait anxiety. VPA had a direct effect, while the effect of moderate physical activity (MPA) and LPA was completely mediated exclusively through executive functions, and the mediating effect of shifting function was the highest. It is recommended that college workers should motivate students with high trait anxiety to engage in more VPA and pay attention to changes in their inhibition and shifting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Dong
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xin
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufan Li
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlei Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Wang
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12
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A possible anti-anxiety effect of appetitive aggression and a possible link to the work of Donald Winnicott. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2022; 10:102-113. [PMID: 36133733 PMCID: PMC9454322 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pleasant sensations that give a particularly intense pleasure are able to improve anxiety. In the present study I consider the possibility that their anti-anxiety action depends on the strong pleasure they provide, and I propose a possible mechanism of this action. According to some studies, also appetitive aggression (an aggression that provokes a strong pleasure and that is performed only for the pleasure it provides) can improve anxiety, and in this article I consider the possibility that the pleasure of appetitive aggression is able to reduce anxiety by the same mechanism I have proposed for other intense pleasurable sensations. The aggression performed by a child against the mother or against a substitute for the mother in the first period of life (a period in which this aggression is not dangerous) is a recurring theme throughout the work of of Donald Winnicott. Winnicott stresses that this aggression is necessary for the normal development of the child, and that the child must be free to practise it. According to Winnicott, this aggression is highly pleasurable and is not a response to unpleasant or hostile external situations. For these characteristics it seems to correspond to appetitive aggression in the adult that has been found to be able to reduce anxiety. Consequently, aggression performed by the child in the first period of life may also relieve anxiety, in the same way that appetitive aggression helps against anxiety in the adult. In his writings, Winnicott returns several times to an unthinkable or archaic anxiety that children experience when they feel abandoned by their mother for a period that is too long for them, and all children, according to Winnicott, live on the brink of this anxiety. In this study I propose the hypothesis that aggression in the early period of life may be necessary for children because the intense pleasure it provides may help them against this continuously impending anxiety.
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13
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Denche-Zamorano Á, Barrios-Fernandez S, Gómez-Galán R, Franco-García JM, Carlos-Vivas J, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Rojo-Ramos J, Vega-Muñoz A, Contreras-Barraza N, Gianikellis K, Muñoz-Bermejo L. Associations between Physical Activity Level and Mental Health in the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081442. [PMID: 36011099 PMCID: PMC9408571 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles appear to be critical factors in developing mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, and other diseases in developed societies. This study analysed the associations between physical activity level (PAL) and mental health using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) in the Spanish population before the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional design, based on data from the Spanish National Health Survey (ENSE 2017), the last health survey before the pandemic, was carried out with 17,641 participants. Data did not follow a normal distribution, so non-parametric tests were used to analyse intergroup differences, differences at baseline and post hoc, and correlations between variables. Associations were found between the PAL, mental health and all its dimensions. The groups that performed moderate and intense PAL showed lower values in the GHQ12 questionnaire than those who walked or were inactive. Thus, higher PAL was associated with better mental health indicators, including successful coping, self-esteem and stress. This study provides a framework to compare outcomes between the pre- and post-pandemic periods, as the ENSE is performed every five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (Á.D.-Z.); (J.C.-V.)
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.R.-R.); (L.M.-B.)
- Correspondence: (S.B.-F.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Rafael Gómez-Galán
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.R.-R.); (L.M.-B.)
| | - Juan Manuel Franco-García
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (Á.D.-Z.); (J.C.-V.)
| | - María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.B.-F.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Jorge Rojo-Ramos
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.R.-R.); (L.M.-B.)
| | - Alejandro Vega-Muñoz
- Public Policy Observatory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile;
| | | | - Konstantinos Gianikellis
- Biomecánica del Movimiento Humano y Ergonomía Research Group (BIOERGON), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Laura Muñoz-Bermejo
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.R.-R.); (L.M.-B.)
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14
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Coronavirus stress and overeating: the role of anxiety and COVID-19 burnout. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:59. [PMID: 35501911 PMCID: PMC9059904 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the role of anxiety and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) burnout in the relationship between coronavirus stress and overeating among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Chinese college students (N = 2926; Mage = 19.90, SD = 1.47, range = 18-25 years old; 54.34% female) completed self-reported online questionnaires regarding coronavirus stress, anxiety, COVID-19 burnout, and overeating. RESULTS Anxiety showed partially indirect effect on the association between coronavirus stress and overeating. COVID-19 burnout exacerbated the indirect pathway between coronavirus stress and overeating via anxiety. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This is the first study, to our knowledge, that examines the underlying mechanisms of the coronavirus stress and overeating behavior association among Chinese college students. The results support several existing theories on stress and problematic eating behaviors and provide practical implications for prevention and intervention programs of overeating during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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15
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Novak JR, Ellis FK. A framework for incorporating physical activity in treatment: Competencies, guidelines, and implications for family therapists. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2022; 48:523-542. [PMID: 34480488 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity can have a profound impact on the cognitive, emotional, and social aspects of our clients' lives, and can even boost and sustain therapy outcomes. And yet, family therapists may not be trained or educated in the importance of physical activity nor how to assess, educate, and collaborate with health professionals to incorporate physical activity in treatment. As the evidence grows on the connection between physical activity and biopsychosocial functioning and more family therapists enter medical and healthcare settings, a framework for physical activity competencies is needed. As such, the purpose of this conceptual and empirical review paper is to (a) review the important brain-boosting benefits of physical activity for mental, cognitive, and social health, (b) provide a framework for the domains for family therapists for incorporating exercise in assessment and treatment, and finally, (c) outline recommendations for practice, education and supervision, and research for family therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh R Novak
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Faith K Ellis
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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16
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Lira FS, Pereira T, Guerra Minuzzi L, Figueiredo C, Olean-Oliveira T, Figueira Freire APC, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Caseiro A, Thomatieli-Santos RV, Dos Santos VR, Gobbo LA, Seelaender M, Krüger K, Pinho RA, Rosa-Neto JC, de Alencar Silva BS. Modulatory Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Immune Responses and General Clinical Functions in Adult Patients with Mild to Moderate SARS-CoV-2 Infections-A Protocol for an Observational Prospective Follow-Up Investigation: Fit-COVID-19 Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413249. [PMID: 34948858 PMCID: PMC8706935 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: This proposal aims to explain some of the gaps in scientific knowledge on the natural history of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with a specific focus on immune, inflammatory, and metabolic markers, in parallel with temporal assessment of clinical and mental health in patients with COVID-19. The study will explore the temporal modulatory effects of physical activity and body composition on individual trajectories. This approach will provide a better understanding of the survival mechanisms provided by the immunomodulatory role of physical fitness. Methods: We will conduct a prospective observational cohort study including adult patients previously infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus who have expressed a mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Procedures will be conducted for all participants at baseline, six weeks after vaccination, and again at 12 months. At each visit, a venous blood sample will be collected for immune phenotypic characterization and biochemistry assays (inflammatory and metabolic parameters). Also, body composition, physical activity level, cardiovascular and pulmonary function, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, and mental health will be evaluated. Using the baseline information, participants will be grouped based on physical activity levels (sedentary versus active), body composition (normal weight versus overweight or obese), and SARS-CoV-2 status (positive versus negative). A sub-study will provide mechanistic evidence using an in-vitro assay based on well-trained individuals and age-matched sedentary controls who are negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whole blood will be stimulated using recombinant human coronavirus to determine the cytokine profile. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy well-trained participants will be collected and treated with homologous serum (from the main study; samples collected before and after the vaccine) and recombinant coronavirus (inactive virus). The metabolism of PBMCs will be analyzed using Respirometry (Seahorse). Data will be analyzed using multilevel repeated-measures ANOVA. Conclusions: The data generated will help us answer three main questions: (1) Does the innate immune system of physically active individuals respond better to viral infections compared with that of sedentary people? (2) which functional and metabolic mechanisms explain the differences in responses in participants with different physical fitness levels? and (3) do these mechanisms have long-term positive modulatory effects on mental and cardiovascular health? Trial registration number: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5dqvkv3. Registered on 21 September 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (C.F.); (T.O.-O.); (B.S.d.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Telmo Pereira
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.P.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (C.F.); (T.O.-O.); (B.S.d.A.S.)
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (C.F.); (T.O.-O.); (B.S.d.A.S.)
| | - Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (C.F.); (T.O.-O.); (B.S.d.A.S.)
| | | | - Manuel João Coelho-e-Silva
- Centro de Investigação do Desporto e da Atividade Física, Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra, CIDAF, 3030-779 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Armando Caseiro
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.P.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (V.R.D.S.); (L.A.G.)
| | - Luis Alberto Gobbo
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (V.R.D.S.); (L.A.G.)
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, LIM26-HC, FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 11000-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Parana, Curitiba 80000-000, PR, Brazil;
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 01000-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (C.F.); (T.O.-O.); (B.S.d.A.S.)
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17
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Cross TJ, Isautier JMJ, Morris SJ, Johnson BD, Wheatley-Guy CM, Taylor BJ. The Influence of Social Distancing Behaviors and Psychosocial Factors on Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e31278. [PMID: 34509976 PMCID: PMC8477911 DOI: 10.2196/31278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has arguably facilitated a shift toward increased sedentariness and reduced physical activity. Moreover, there is mounting evidence that mental health has also declined during the pandemic. However, it remains unknown to what extent social distancing (SD) behaviors and mental health have affected the physical activity levels of the general population. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of SD behaviors and prevailing mental health on the odds of being physically active during the early COVID-19 pandemic response. Methods A total of 4819 adults (2474/4819, 51.3%, female) from the US population with a median age of 46 (IQR 35-59) completed an online survey during the early pandemic response (April-June 2020). The survey included questions on adherence to 11 SD behaviors, and validated questionnaires which assessed self-reported physical activity, depression, anxiety, and mental well-being. Respondents were categorized into 2 physical activity groups: inactive (0-599 metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-minutes/week) and active (≥600 MET-minutes/week). A logistic generalized additive model (GAM) was used to determine which SD factors and mental health outcomes were associated with physical activity level. Results The GAM analysis revealed that wearing a facemask in public (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.14-1.79; P=.003), limiting the use of public transport (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.19-1.83; P=.001), and restricting travel outside the house (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.19-2.05; P=.002) were SD behaviors associated with higher odds of being more physically active. Conversely, avoiding physical activity outside the house was associated with higher odds of being inactive (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.46-0.63; P<.001). Leaving the house more frequently, and a higher mental well-being were associated with increasing odds of being physically active (P<.001). Engaging with a moderate number of SD behaviors (3-7 total) was positively associated with physical activity, whereas a very high SD vigilance (ie, engaging with ≥10 total behaviors) decreased the odds of being active during the early pandemic response. Conclusions Based on the findings of our study, we suggest that future public health messaging of SD guidelines should include (1) a clear portrayal of the benefits of regular exercise on mental health; and (2) a specific focus on how to be physically active outdoors in a COVID-safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy J Cross
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jennifer M J Isautier
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sarah J Morris
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Bryan J Taylor
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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18
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Shaw A, Kaytaz ES. Yoga bodies, yoga minds: contextualising the health discourses and practices of modern postural yoga. Anthropol Med 2021; 28:279-296. [PMID: 34328039 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2021.1949943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Esra S Kaytaz
- Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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19
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Pontifex MB, Parks AC, Delli Paoli AG, Schroder HS, Moser JS. The effect of acute exercise for reducing cognitive alterations associated with individuals high in anxiety. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 167:47-56. [PMID: 34153415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single bouts of exercise have been observed to exhibit therapeutic benefits for reducing affective responses associated with anxiety. However, anxiety has also been found to relate to less efficient cognitive processing as well as a greater reliance on action monitoring processes. Given the extant body of evidence demonstrating that single bouts of exercise result in cognitive enhancements; the present investigation sought to determine the extent to which exercise might be effective at reducing these anxiety-related impairments in cognition. Using a randomized within-subjects crossover design in a sample of high-anxious and low-anxious college-aged adults, measures of inhibition, attention, and action monitoring were assessed before and after 20-min of either aerobic exercise or a cognitively engaging control condition during two separate, counterbalanced sessions. Findings from this investigation revealed that both high anxious and low anxious individuals exhibited enhancements in behavioral indices of performance on an inhibitory control task with faster and more accurate responses following 20 min of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Additionally, both high anxious and low anxious individuals demonstrated exercise induced enhancements in the allocation of attentional resources (as indexed by P3 amplitude) as well as action monitoring (as indexed by ERN amplitude). Accordingly, these findings provide evidence consistent with broad-base claims regarding the benefits of exercise, suggesting that both high and low anxious individuals appear to incur cognitive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, United States of America.
| | - Andrew C Parks
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, United States of America
| | | | - Hans S Schroder
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, United States of America
| | - Jason S Moser
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, United States of America
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20
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Epstein LH, O'Donnell S, Biondolillo MJ, Hostler D, Roemmich JN. Comparing the reinforcing value of high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity aerobic exercise in sedentary adults. Physiol Behav 2021; 238:113468. [PMID: 34033846 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is a reinforcer for both animals and humans, as they will work progressively harder to gain access for the opportunity to exercise. Exercise activates brain reward pathways similar to drugs of abuse, and the magnitude of the reinforcing value of exercise is a predictor of exercise behavior. The majority of research on exercise reinforcement has studied moderate intensity aerobic exercise (MIAE) or resistance training. There is limited research on the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of high intensity interval training (HIIT), which is often reported to be a preferred form of exercise in comparison to MIAE. Experiment 1 was a pilot study of 20 sedentary females designed to compare the reliability of differences in RRVHIIT vs RRVMIAE over two sessions, assess protocols comparing different volumes of HIIT in comparison to MIAE, and estimate sample sizes needed for a fully powered study to assess which type of exercise protocol was a better substitute for a highly liked sedentary activity. Experiment 2 studied 44 participants to assess whether HIIT or MIAE would be better substitutes for highly liked sedentary activities. Experiment 1 showed that measures of RRVHIIT or RRVMIAE were reliable, and that volume of HIIT did not influence RRVHIIT, even if it was of equal amount or duration to MIAE. Experiment 2 showed that HIIT was a more preferred substitute for sedentary behaviors than MIAE. Predictors of RRVMIAE were liking of MIAE and pleasantness of affect post MIAE. These results suggest inactive people may find interval training to be more reinforcing than MIAE, and may be more likely to adopt and maintain an exercise program involving HIIT rather than MIAE. The next stage of research should be to understand how to sensitize the RRV of exercise to motivate sedentary people to be more active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard H Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Sara O'Donnell
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mathew J Biondolillo
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - David Hostler
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - James N Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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21
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Carter T, Pascoe M, Bastounis A, Morres ID, Callaghan P, Parker AG. The effect of physical activity on anxiety in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 285:10-21. [PMID: 33618056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is emerging evidence that physical activity can have beneficial effects on anxiety. A comprehensive synthesis of the evidence of the anxiolytic effects of physical activity from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in children and young people (CYP) is warranted. METHODS A search of 13 databases was conducted to identify RCTs testing the effects of physical activity on anxiety symptoms in children and young people (up to 25 years). Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment (using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias) were independently undertaken by two study authors. The primary analysis used a random effects model to compare the effect of physical activity interventions to no intervention or minimal intervention control conditions on state anxiety, assessed using validated, self-report measures. RESULTS Of the 3590 articles retrieved, 22 RCTs were included, with nine included in the primary meta-analysis. The overall standardised mean difference was 0.54 (95% CI -0.796, -0.28), representing a moderate improvement in state anxiety, compared to no intervention or minimal intervention control conditions. Physical activity was also found to produce significantly superior effects on state anxiety when compared to a time and attention-controlled group. LIMITATIONS The studies are of low quality overall, and there are a limited number of studies included in the meta-analyses therefore limiting the precision of results. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity may be a useful approach to addressing anxiety symptoms in children and young people, however, further trials of clinical populations are required to determine the effectiveness of physical activity as a treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Carter
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Michaela Pascoe
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Australia
| | - Anastasios Bastounis
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis D Morres
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Patrick Callaghan
- School of Applied Sciences, London Southbank University, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra G Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health and Orygen, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Aguilar BAS, Tebar WR, Silva SCB, Gomes LQ, Damato TMM, Mota J, Werneck AO, Christofaro DGD. Leisure-time exercise is associated with lower depressive symptoms in community dwelling adults. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:916-925. [PMID: 33629650 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1895892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has been associated with enhanced mental health among adults. However, it is not clear in the literature which domains (occupational, transport and leisure-time exercise) and intensities (moderate, vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous) of activity provide the greatest benefits. The aim of the present study was to describe the association of different domains and intensities of physical activity with depressive symptoms in adults. This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted among 209 adults (≥18 years) in Brazil. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the HADS questionnaire (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Physical activity intensities (moderate, vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous) were device-measured by accelerometry. Physical activity in different domains (occupational, transport, and leisure-time exercise) was self-reported using a questionnaire. Chronological age, ethnicity, body mass index, highest academic achievement, employment status, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, chronic morbidity and soft-drink ingestion were adopted as adjustment confounding factors. Linear regression analysis revealed that total self-reported physical activity [β = -0.100 (95%CI: -0.180 to -0.019)] and leisure-time exercise [β = -0.311 (95%CI: -0.468 to -0.155)] were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, but only leisure-time exercise remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors [β = -0.243 (95%CI: -0.409 to -0.076)]. Thus, leisure-time exercise was cross-sectionally associated with lower depressive symptoms in community-dwelling adults.Highlights Leisure-time physical activity was the only physical activity domain associated with lower depressive symptoms.This association appears to be independent of potential confounders.Potential interventions should focus on leisure-time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A S Aguilar
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - William R Tebar
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Stefany C B Silva
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Q Gomes
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M M Damato
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André O Werneck
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego G D Christofaro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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23
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Physical exercise as an add-on treatment to cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety: a systematic review. Behav Cogn Psychother 2021; 49:626-640. [PMID: 33678210 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465821000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is currently the treatment of choice for most anxiety disorders. Yet, with recovery rates of approximately 50%, many patients fail to achieve complete remission. This has led to increased efforts to enhance treatment efficacy. Physical exercise (PE) has in recent years been advocated as means to augment the effects of CBT for anxiety disorders. PE appears to reduce anxiety through other mechanisms than CBT, some of which might also have the potential to augment the effects of psychological treatment. AIMS The current review aimed to summarize and discuss the current research status on CBT augmented with PE for anxiety. METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PsychInfo, Medline and Web of Science to evaluate the potential augmentative effect of combining PE with CBT for anxiety disorders. These effects were intended to be evaluated in a meta-analysis, but findings from the few and diverse studies were better summarized in a systematic review. RESULTS Eight articles were included in this review, of which two had no control group, while six had from two to four experimental arms. Six of the studies concluded in favour of benefits of add-on PE, while two studies found no added benefits of the combined interventions. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PE and CBT appears feasible. Add-on PE seems to be more beneficial for clinical populations, when administered regularly several times per week, across several weeks. Future studies should investigate further how and for whom to best combine PE and CBT.
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24
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Henkel K. [Exercise and physical training as interventions in gerontopsychiatry]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 53:728-734. [PMID: 33231761 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-020-01810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of mental disorders in older adults is often restricted by limitations in efficacy and tolerability of pharmacologically dominated standard therapeutic strategies. Therefore, nonpharmacological therapeutic alternatives and supplements play a crucial role in these patients. Structured exercise and training are interventions that are associated with a high level of evidence in prevention and treatment of mental and cognitive disorders. This article is based on a selective search of the literature and provides an overview of the current scientific evidence with respect to the mechanisms of action, the effects on frequently occurring clinical disorders and modalities of the exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Henkel
- Klinik für Gerontopsychiatrie, Klinikum Christophsbad Göppingen, Faurndauer Str. 6-28, 73035, Göppingen, Deutschland. .,Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
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25
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Mohammadi M, Zare Z. Effects of treadmill exercise on cognitive functions and anxiety-related behaviors in ovariectomized diabetic rats. Physiol Behav 2020; 224:113021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Treadmill Exercise Buffers Behavioral Alterations Related to Ethanol Binge-Drinking in Adolescent Mice. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090576. [PMID: 32825478 PMCID: PMC7563508 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The binge-drinking pattern of EtOH consumption, which is frequently observed in adolescents, is known to induce several neurobehavioral alterations, but protection strategies against these impairments remain scarcely explored. We aimed to study the protective role of treadmill physical exercise on the deficits caused after repeated cycles of binge-like EtOH exposure in the cognition, motivation, exploration, and emotion of C57BL/6J mice from adolescence to adulthood. Animals were divided into four groups: control group, exercised group, EtOH group, and exercised + EtOH group (20% in tap water). The exercise was performed for 20 min, 5 days/week at 20 cm/s. Then, animals were submitted to several behavioral tasks. Compared to binge-drinking mice, the exercised + EtOH group exhibited diminished anxiolytic-related behaviors in the elevated plus-maze, enhanced exploratory activity in the open field, reduced preference for alcohol odor when another rewarding stimulus was present (social stimulus) and lower latency to start self-cleaning behaviors in the sucrose splash test. In contrast, other measurements such as habituation learning and working memory were not improved by exercise. Besides, exercise was not able to reduce alcohol consumption across the weeks. In conclusion, physical activity during adolescence and early adulthood could buffer certain neurobehavioral alterations associated with binge-drinking, despite not reducing the quantity of consumed alcohol.
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Fainardi V, Fasola S, Mastrorilli C, Volta E, La Grutta S, Vanelli M. A two-week summer program promoting physical activity: quality of life assessment in Italian children. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:444-456. [PMID: 32393066 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1761552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) can be associated with better health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to assess HRQoL before and after a two-week summer program promoting PA in Italian school-aged children. Participants were recruited during the Giocampus summer2017 (Parma, Italy), from June to July. Before (T0) and after (T1) the program, children and one of their parents answered the Kindl questionnaire. For each domain, least-square mean changes (LSmc) at T1 were derived from linear regression models stratified by responder and adjusted for child gender, age group, time spent in PAs and HRQoL score of the responder at T0. 350 children (7-13 years, 52% males) and 342 parents answered the questionnaire at both T0 and T1. At T1, the HRQoL score of the children significantly improved in the emotional (LSmc 2.9, p<0.001), self-esteem (LSmc 3.3, p<0.001), family (LSmc 4.2, p<0.001) and friend (LSmc 3.1, p<0.001) domains. Parents reported significantly more improvement in self-esteem than children (LSmc 6.7 vs 3.3, p=0.012). Children spending more time in PA reported significantly more improvement in self-esteem than those doing less PA (LSmc 4.4 [p<0.001] vs 2.2 [p=0.181]). A short summer program promoting PA may improve HRQoL in the general population of school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fainardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Children's Hospital, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fasola
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Mastrorilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Children's Hospital, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Elio Volta
- Giocampus Steering Committee, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vanelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Children's Hospital, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
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28
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Körperliche Aktivität in der Prävention und Behandlung von Angsterkrankungen. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-020-00414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yan W, Wang X, Kuang H, Chen Y, Baktash MB, Eskenazi B, Ye L, Fang K, Xia Y. Physical activity and blood pressure during pregnancy: Mediation by anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2020; 264:376-382. [PMID: 31759664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, physiological systems and psychological perceptions vary across individuals. Prenatal physical activity has been linked to reduced anxiety symptoms and lower blood pressure values. However, whether anxiety symptoms can mediate the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure during pregnancy remains unclear. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 1275 pregnant women enrolled in Nanjing, China. Life behaviours and anxiety symptoms were investigated during the first trimester. Anxiety symptoms were measured by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Blood pressure values were taken during the third trimester. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of physical activity with anxiety symptoms and blood pressure, and mediating effect models were used to detect the regulating effect by anxiety. RESULTS The participants were assigned to 3 groups based on their frequency and intensity of physical activity, and those who engaged in regular physical activity had lower blood pressure values. Anxiety symptoms were milder in the regular group than in the insufficient group. Partial mediating effect of anxiety on the association between regular physical activity and systolic blood pressure was significant after accounting for some confounders. LIMITATIONS The participants' physical activity and anxiety symptoms were self-reported, as well as the lack of details of physical activity during pregnancy may restrict the power of our findings. CONCLUSIONS Regular physical activity might be beneficial for anxiety and blood pressure. Physical activity likely stabilises systolic blood pressure by alleviating anxiety symptoms. Our research could provide a positive theoretical reference for guiding prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Hualong Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China.
| | - Mohammad Basir Baktash
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research on Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Lin Ye
- Taizhou Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China.
| | - Kacey Fang
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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Shaphe MA, Chahal A. Relation of Physical Activity with the Depression: A Short Review. J Lifestyle Med 2020; 10:1-6. [PMID: 32328443 PMCID: PMC7171062 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2020.10.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the studies, physical exercise can prove to be a viable tool for the treatment of depressed patients. In the present review, various research studies from the year 2017-2019 were analyzed. Various reviews also confirmed that exercise played important role in the treatment of depression. After study, it was confirmed that structured and adherence to the exercise played an important role in the success of exercise protocol towards the treatment of patients. Conventional methods such as pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy were also discussed. It was also studied that sedentary behavior of patients with mental disorder can affect the patient badly. Therefore, all the studies concluded that exercise can be considered as better tool for the treatment of depressed patients if exercise are structured and protocol are regularly performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aksh Chahal
- Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabhilitataion, Maharishi Markandeshwar, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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31
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Naderi S, Naderi S, Delavar A, Dortaj F. The effect of physical exercise on anxiety among the victims of child abuse. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Fluetsch N, Levy C, Tallon L. The relationship of physical activity to mental health: A 2015 behavioral risk factor surveillance system data analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:96-101. [PMID: 31029858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Available literature has repeatedly ascertained the inverse relationship of physical activity to mental health. Engaging in regular physical activity decreases symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress in a dose-responsive manner. METHODS Cross-sectional, national data from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed to establish the relationship between physical activity and days of poor mental health. The association between physical activity and days of poor mental health was assessed by multiple linear regression using SAS. RESULTS Findings support the assumption of an inverse dose-response relationship between physical activity levels and self-reported days of poor mental health. Individuals who engage in higher levels of physical activity reported significantly fewer days of poor mental health when compared to those who reported low or no physical activity (e.g. -2.23, 95%CI (-2.31, -2.15)) for highly active vs. inactive individuals (unadjusted model)). Furthermore, individuals who only met the guidelines for aerobic exercise reported significantly fewer days of poor mental health than those who only met the muscle strengthening guidelines (-0.85 (95% CI: -0.98, -0.73)). LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional study design, the direction of the relationship is unknown and reverse causation is possible. CONCLUSION Higher physical activity levels were associated with fewer self-reported days of poor mental health, which reiterates the important association between physical activity and mental health with national data. The findings of this study could prove to be valuable for developing interventions aimed at improving mental health. Nonetheless, several research gaps persist that warrant further empirical inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Fluetsch
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston MA, United States.
| | - Carly Levy
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston MA, United States
| | - Lindsay Tallon
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston MA, United States
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Effects of exercise on symptoms of anxiety, cognitive ability and sick leave in patients with anxiety disorders in primary care: study protocol for PHYSBI, a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:172. [PMID: 31182054 PMCID: PMC6558952 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are common and associated with reduced quality of life, impaired physical and mental health and an increased economic burden for society. While evidence exists for the effectiveness of exercise treatment for depression, there is a need for high-quality randomized clinical trials (RCT) with a focus on anxiety disorders. Further research is also warranted regarding outcomes of cognitive function, other health-related variables, dose-response effects, work ability and potential mechanisms. METHOD/DESIGN Using a parallel, RCT design with three assessment points (baseline, post-intervention and one-year follow-up), we aim to assess the effect of a 12-week exercise intervention in primary care patients with anxiety disorders (n = 180), diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I; Swedish version 6.0.0d DSM-IV). Participants are randomly assigned to three physical exercise groups: one low-intensity training group, one moderate- to high intensity training group and one control non-exercise group. Assessments include measures of anxiety symptoms, cognitive function, physical health variables such as cardiovascular fitness, sick-leave and levels of hormones/cytokines in blood samples. DISCUSSION Findings from this study will provide novel insights regarding the effects of exercise treatment on not only anxiety symptoms but also other outcomes including mental and physical health, cognitive function, dose-response effects, work ability/sick leave and on biomarkers that may help explain underlying mechanisms. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03247270 August 8, 2017.
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Lago TR, Hsiung A, Leitner BP, Duckworth CJ, Balderston NL, Chen KY, Grillon C, Ernst M. Exercise modulates the interaction between cognition and anxiety in humans. Cogn Emot 2019; 33:863-870. [PMID: 30032703 PMCID: PMC6344312 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1500445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite interest in exercise as a treatment for anxiety disorders the mechanism behind the anxiolytic effects of exercise is unclear. Two observations motivate the present work. First, engagement of attention control during increased working memory (WM) load can decrease anxiety. Second, exercise can improve attention control. Therefore, exercise could boost the anxiolytic effects of increased WM load via its strengthening of attention control. Anxiety was induced by threat of shock and was quantified with anxiety-potentiated startle (APS). Thirty-five healthy volunteers (19 male, age M = 26.11, SD = 5.52) participated in two types of activity, exercise (biking at 60-70% of heart rate reserve) and control-activity (biking at 10-20% of heart rate reserve). After each activity, participants completed a WM task (n-back) at low- and high-load during safe and threat. Results were not consistent with the hypothesis: exercise vs. control-activity increased APS in high-load (p = .03). However, this increased APS was not accompanied with threat-induced impairment in WM performance (p = .37). Facilitation of both task-relevant stimulus processing and task-irrelevant threat processing, concurrent with prevention of threat interference on cognition, suggests that exercise increases cognitive ability. Future studies should explore how exercise affects the interplay of cognition and anxiety in patients with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R. Lago
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abigail Hsiung
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brooks P. Leitner
- Energy Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney J. Duckworth
- Energy Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Balderston
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kong Y. Chen
- Energy Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Grillon
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monique Ernst
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Godwin EM, Uglialoro AD, Ali A, Yearwood L, Banerji MA, Kral JG. A pilot study of metabolic fitness effects of weight-supported walking in women with obesity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211529. [PMID: 30785891 PMCID: PMC6382100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This is an exploratory pilot study of novel technology enabling people with mobility disability to walk with minimal effort, in the “sedentary range”. The study’s premise is that impairment of the leading physical activity of daily living, walking, is a major contributor to a dysmetabolic state driving many prevalent “civilization diseases” associated with insulin resistance. Methods We explore within-subject changes in standard oral glucose tolerance (OGT) tests including metabotropic molecules after 22 twice-weekly, 30-minute bouts of weight-supported light-moderate physical activity in 16 non-diabetic obese, otherwise healthy, reproductive-age, volunteer women walking on an “anti-gravity” lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmill. Results Subjects had reference base-line fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides (TG) but 2-hr OGT insulin levels of 467 ± 276 pmol • liter-1 (mean± S.D.) indicating nascent insulin resistance, compared to post-study 308 ± 179 (p = 0.002). Fasting TG decreased from 0.80 ± 0.30 mmol • liter-1 to 0.71 ± 0.25 (p = 0.03). Concomitantly plasma total ghrelin decreased from 69.6 ± 41.6 pmol • liter-1 to 56.0 ± 41.3 (p = 0.008). There were no statistically significant changes in body weight or any correlations between weight change and cardiometabolic markers. However, there were robust positive correlations between changes among different classes of peptides including C-reactive protein–Interleukin 6, leptin–adiponectin, β-endorphin–oxytocin and orexin A (r 2 = 0.48–0.88). Conclusion We conclude that brief, low-dose physical activity, walking on an anti-gravity LBPP treadmill may improve cardiometabolic risk, exhibiting favorable changes in neuro-regulatory peptides without weight loss in people with problems walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Godwin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedics/Rehabilitation, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Anthony D. Uglialoro
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Andaleeb Ali
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Leah Yearwood
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Banerji
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - John G. Kral
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cramer H, Lauche R, Anheyer D, Pilkington K, de Manincor M, Dobos G, Ward L. Yoga for anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:830-843. [PMID: 29697885 DOI: 10.1002/da.22762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Yoga has become a popular approach to improve emotional health. The aim of this review was to systematically assess and meta-analyze the effectiveness and safety of yoga for anxiety. Medline/PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and IndMED were searched through October 2016 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga for individuals with anxiety disorders or elevated levels of anxiety. The primary outcomes were anxiety and remission rates, and secondary outcomes were depression, quality of life, and safety. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Eight RCTs with 319 participants (mean age: 30.0-38.5 years) were included. Risk of selection bias was unclear for most RCTs. Meta-analyses revealed evidence for small short-term effects of yoga on anxiety compared to no treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.74, -0.11; P = .008), and large effects compared to active comparators (SMD = -0.86; 95% CI = -1.56, -0.15; P = .02). Small effects on depression were found compared to no treatment (SMD = -0.35; 95% CI = -0.66, -0.04; P = .03). Effects were robust against potential methodological bias. No effects were found for patients with anxiety disorders diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria, only for patients diagnosed by other methods, and for individuals with elevated levels of anxiety without a formal diagnosis. Only three RCTs reported safety-related data but these indicated that yoga was not associated with increased injuries. In conclusion, yoga might be an effective and safe intervention for individuals with elevated levels of anxiety. There was inconclusive evidence for effects of yoga in anxiety disorders. More high-quality studies are needed and are warranted given these preliminary findings and plausible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Romy Lauche
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dennis Anheyer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karen Pilkington
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael de Manincor
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University (WSU), Sydney, Australia
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lesley Ward
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Rehabilitation Research in Oxford (RRIO), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Aylett E, Small N, Bower P. Exercise in the treatment of clinical anxiety in general practice - a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:559. [PMID: 30012142 PMCID: PMC6048763 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are common, yet treatment options in general practice are often limited to medication or CBT. There is a lack of evidence for the effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of anxiety in patients who present to general practice and also about the intensity of exercise required to lead to improvement. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the use of exercise versus waiting list control groups in the treatment of anxiety and also to assess the benefit of high intensity exercise vs low intensity exercise. Long term follow up scores were also analysed. We included patients who met diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders or had clinically raised anxiety levels on a validated rating scale and performed a subgroup analysis of the outcomes between the two groups. The intervention was any aerobic exercise programme carried out for at least two weeks, or exercise carried out at high intensity for at least two weeks. The comparison groups were either a waiting list control group or low intensity exercise. METHOD Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Three databases were searched; CENTRAL, Medline and Embase. Outcome assessment was based on validated anxiety rating scales. The quality of the studies was appraised according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Effect sizes were calculated using the standardised mean difference. RESULTS Fifteen studies were identified with a total of 675 patients. Nine trials had participants with diagnosed anxiety disorders and six trials had participants with raised anxiety on a validated rating scale. Aerobic exercise was effective in the treatment of raised anxiety compared to waiting list control groups (effect size - 0.41, 95% CI = - 0.70 to - 0.12). High intensity exercise programmes showed greater effects than low intensity programmes. There was no significant difference in outcomes between groups of patients with diagnosed anxiety disorders and patients who had raised anxiety on a rating scale. Conclusions were limited by the small number of studies and wide variation in the delivery of exercise interventions. CONCLUSION Exercise programmes are a viable treatment option for the treatment of anxiety. High intensity exercise regimens were found to be more effective than low intensity regimens. The results have implications for the use of exercise schemes in General Practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Aylett
- Thaxted Surgery, Margaret Street, Thaxted, Dunmow, Essex, CM6 2QN England
| | - Nicola Small
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, the University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Bower
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, the University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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Mandolesi L, Polverino A, Montuori S, Foti F, Ferraioli G, Sorrentino P, Sorrentino G. Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Functioning and Wellbeing: Biological and Psychological Benefits. Front Psychol 2018; 9:509. [PMID: 29755380 PMCID: PMC5934999 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Much evidence shows that physical exercise (PE) is a strong gene modulator that induces structural and functional changes in the brain, determining enormous benefit on both cognitive functioning and wellbeing. PE is also a protective factor for neurodegeneration. However, it is unclear if such protection is granted through modifications to the biological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration or through better compensation against attacks. This concise review addresses the biological and psychological positive effects of PE describing the results obtained on brain plasticity and epigenetic mechanisms in animal and human studies, in order to clarify how to maximize the positive effects of PE while avoiding negative consequences, as in the case of exercise addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Polverino
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Istituto di Diagnosi e Cura Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Montuori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Foti
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ferraioli
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Istituto di Diagnosi e Cura Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Chen YW, Actor-Engel H, Aoki C. α4-GABA A receptors of hippocampal pyramidal neurons are associated with resilience against activity-based anorexia for adolescent female mice but not for males. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 90:33-48. [PMID: 29684457 PMCID: PMC6197931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is an animal model of anorexia nervosa, a mental illness with highest mortality and with onset that is most frequently during adolescence. We questioned whether vulnerability of adolescent mice to ABA differs between sexes and whether individual differences in resilience are causally linked to α4βδ-GABAAR expression. C57BL6/J WT and α4-KO adolescent male and female mice underwent ABA induction by combining wheel access with food restriction. ABA vulnerability was measured as the extent of food restriction-evoked hyperactivity on a running wheel and body weight losses. α4βδ-GABAAR levels at plasma membranes of pyramidal cells in dorsal hippocampus were assessed by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Temporal patterns and extent of weight loss during ABA induction were similar between sexes. Both sexes also exhibited individual differences in ABA vulnerability. Correlation analyses revealed that, for both sexes, body weight changes precede and thus are likely to drive suppression of wheel running. However, the suppression was during the food-anticipatory hours for males, while for females, suppression was delayed by a day and during food-access hours. Correspondingly, only females adaptively increased food intake. ABA induced up-regulation of α4βδ-GABAARs at plasma membranes of dorsal hippocampal pyramidal cells of females, and especially those females exhibiting resilience. Conversely, α4-KO females exhibited greater food restriction-evoked hyperactivity than WT females. In contrast, ABA males did not up-regulate α4βδ-GABAARs, did not exhibit genotype differences in vulnerability, and exhibited no correlation between plasmalemmal α4βδ-GABAARs and ABA resilience. Thus, food restriction-evoked hyperactivity is driven by anxiety but can be suppressed through upregulation of hippocampal α4βδ-GABAARs for females but not for males. This knowledge of sex-related differences in the underlying mechanisms of resilience to ABA indicates that drugs targeting α4βδ-GABAARs may be helpful for treating stress-induced anxiety and anorexia nervosa of females but not males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chen
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Hannah Actor-Engel
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Chiye Aoki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States; Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, United States.
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Ahn JV, Sera F, Cummins S, Flouri E. Associations between objectively measured physical activity and later mental health outcomes in children: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 72:94-100. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-209455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe beneficial effect of physical activity (PA) on mental health in adults is well established, but less is known about this relationship in children. We examine associations between objectively measured sedentary time, PA and mental health in 11-year-olds from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS).MethodsLongitudinal data from MCS sweeps 4 (age 7) and 5 (age 11) were used (n=6153). Accelerometer data were collected at MCS4, and mental health was measured at MCS4 and MCS5 using subscales (peer, emotional, conduct, hyperactivity) of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Associations between mean daily PA minutes at different intensities (sedentary, light, moderate-to-vigorous) at MCS4 and SDQ outcomes at MCS5 (score range 0–10) were estimated using multiple linear regression models, adjusting for SDQ at MCS4 and individual and family characteristics, and stratified by gender.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, increased PA at MCS4 was associated with fewer peer problems in boys and girls at MCS5. For each additional 15 min in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), peer problems decreased −0.077 points (95% CI −0.133 to –0.022) in boys. For girls, light PA was associated with decreased peer problems (−0.071 points/30 min, 95% CI −0.130 to –0.013). Greater sedentary time was associated with more peer problems and fewer hyperactivity symptoms in boys and girls. Increased MVPA was associated with more conduct and hyperactivity problems in boys and more hyperactivity in girls.ConclusionsIncreased sedentary time is associated with more peer problems in children, and PA, generally, is beneficial for peer relations in children aged 11.
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Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Polenakovic M, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V. Exercise and mental health. Maturitas 2017; 106:48-56. [PMID: 29150166 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the positive effects of exercise on mood states such as anxiety, stress and depression, through physiological and biochemical mechanisms, including endorphins, mitochondria, mammalian target of rapamycin, neurotransmitters and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and via the thermogenic hypothesis. In addition, psychological mechanisms influence the effects of exercise on mood states, as suggested by both the distraction hypothesis and the self-efficacy hypothesis. Exercise has also been shown to reduce inflammation via several different processes (inflammation, cytokines, toll-like receptors, adipose tissue and via the vagal tone), which can contribute to better health outcomes in people suffering from mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Mikkelsen
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Strickland JC, Smith MA. Animal models of resistance exercise and their application to neuroscience research. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 273:191-200. [PMID: 27498037 PMCID: PMC5075509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated that participation in regular resistance exercise (e.g., strength training) is associated with improvements in mental health, memory, and cognition. However, less is known about the neurobiological mechanisms mediating these effects. The goal of this mini-review is to describe and evaluate the available animal models of resistance exercise that may prove useful for examining CNS activity. NEW METHOD Various models have been developed to examine resistance exercise in laboratory animals. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Resistance exercise models vary in how the resistance manipulation is applied, either through direct stimulation of the muscle (e.g., in situ models) or through behavior maintained by operant contingencies (e.g., whole organism models). Each model presents distinct advantages and disadvantages for examining central nervous system (CNS) activity, and consideration of these attributes is essential for the future investigation of underlying neurobiological substrates. RESULTS Potential neurobiological mechanisms mediating the effects of resistance exercise on pain, anxiety, memory, and drug use have been efficiently and effectively investigated using resistance exercise models that minimize stress and maximize the relative contribution of resistance over aerobic factors. CONCLUSIONS Whole organism resistance exercise models that (1) limit the use of potentially stressful stimuli and (2) minimize the contribution of aerobic factors will be critical for examining resistance exercise and CNS function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Smith
- Department of Psychology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The purpose of this review is to critically assess the evidence for exercise as an adjunct intervention for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, chronic conditions characterized by frequent comorbid conditions as well as interepisodic symptoms with poor quality of life and impaired functioning. Individuals with these mood disorders are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death in part because of increased rates of obesity, inactivity, and diabetes mellitus compared to the general population. Exercise may not only mitigate the increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but could also potentially improve the long term outcomes of mood disorders. RECENT FINDINGS We conducted a literature review on the impact of exercise on mood disorders and associated comorbid conditions as well as possible biological mechanisms. We found that exercise impacts both the physical health parameters of mood disorders as well as mental health outcomes. Exercise also positively impacts conditions frequently comorbid with mood disorders (i.e. anxiety, pain, and insomnia). There are multiple candidate biomarkers for exercise, with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress as two main promising components of exercise's anti-depressant effect. SUMMARY Exercise appears to be a promising adjunct treatment for mood disorders. We conclude with recommendations for future research of exercise as an adjunct intervention for mood disorders.
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Smits JAJ, Powers MB, Rosenfield D, Zvolensky MJ, Jacquart J, Davis ML, Beevers CG, Marcus BH, Church TS, Otto MW. BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism as a Moderator of Exercise Enhancement of Smoking Cessation Treatment in Anxiety Vulnerable Adults. Ment Health Phys Act 2016; 10:73-77. [PMID: 27453731 PMCID: PMC4955634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise interventions facilitate odds of quit success among high-anxiety sensitive adults smokers. We examined the dependency of these benefits on the genetic BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphism; individuals who are Met carriers have lower BDNF responses and reduced associated benefits from exercise. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the efficacy of vigorous exercise for smoking cessation would be specific to high-anxiety sensitive Val/Val carriers. METHODS Participants were adults (N=55) of European ancestry who had participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing a smoking cessation program augmented with exercise vs. augmented with a wellness control treatment. In this secondary analysis, growth curve models for point-prevalence abstinence (PPA) and prolonged abstinence (PA) employed for the main outcome analyses were amended to test the moderator effects of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. RESULTS Consistent with prediction, the advantage of exercise over control for PPA was significantly greater among high-anxiety sensitive persons with the Val/Val genotype than for those with the Val/Met genotype. This advantage did not reach statistical significance for PA. Differences in abstinence between the exercise and control interventions among low-anxiety sensitive smokers were not dependent on the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS We found that the efficacy of exercise for augmenting smoking cessation treatment is intensified among high-anxiety sensitive smokers who are Val/Val carriers. This observation is consistent with findings documenting BDNF mediation of exercise benefits and greater negative affect among smokers who are Val/Val carriers. These data encourage further evaluation of the association between the BDNF polymorphism, exercise, anxiety sensitivity, and smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper A J Smits
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Mark B Powers
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | | | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston; Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Jolene Jacquart
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Michelle L Davis
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Christopher G Beevers
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Bess H Marcus
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego
| | - Timothy S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University
| | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
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Reynolds GO, Otto MW, Ellis TD, Cronin-Golomb A. The Therapeutic Potential of Exercise to Improve Mood, Cognition, and Sleep in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2016; 31:23-38. [PMID: 26715466 PMCID: PMC4724300 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classic motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with a variety of nonmotor symptoms that significantly reduce quality of life, even in the early stages of the disease. There is an urgent need to develop evidence-based treatments for these symptoms, which include mood disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disruption. We focus here on exercise interventions, which have been used to improve mood, cognition, and sleep in healthy older adults and clinical populations, but to date have primarily targeted motor symptoms in PD. We synthesize the existing literature on the benefits of aerobic exercise and strength training on mood, sleep, and cognition as demonstrated in healthy older adults and adults with PD, and suggest that these types of exercise offer a feasible and promising adjunct treatment for mood, cognition, and sleep difficulties in PD. Across stages of the disease, exercise interventions represent a treatment strategy with the unique ability to improve a range of nonmotor symptoms while also alleviating the classic motor symptoms of the disease. Future research in PD should include nonmotor outcomes in exercise trials with the goal of developing evidence-based exercise interventions as a safe, broad-spectrum treatment approach to improve mood, cognition, and sleep for individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W. Otto
- Boston University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
| | - Terry D. Ellis
- Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training and Center for Neurorehabilitation
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Kopple JD, Kim JC, Shapiro BB, Zhang M, Li Y, Porszasz J, Bross R, Feroze U, Upreti R, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Factors affecting daily physical activity and physical performance in maintenance dialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 2015; 25:217-22. [PMID: 25701942 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients display reduced daily physical activity (DPA) and physical performance (PP). Previous studies did not differentiate the effects of kidney failure and MHD treatments from comorbidities as causes for reduced DPA and PP. In relatively healthy MHD patients and normal adults, we evaluated DPA and PP and examined relationships between DPA and PP and possible associations between anxiety or depression and DPA and PP. DPA, 6-minute walk distance (6-MWD), sit-to-stand (STS), and stair-climbing tests were measured in 72 MHD patients (40% diabetics) with limited comorbidities and 39 normal adults of similar age and gender mix. Anxiety and depression were measured by the Beck anxiety and depression inventories. DPA, time-averaged over 7 days, and all 3 PP tests were impaired in MHD patients, to about 60% to 70% of normal values (P < .0001 for each measurement). MHD patients spent more time sleeping or physically inactive (P < .0001) and less time in ≥ moderate activity (P < .0001). Adjusted DPA correlated with 6-MWD but not STS or stair-climbing. Anxiety and depression were identified in 43% and 33% of MHD patients and 2.5% and 5.1% of normals (P < .0001 for each comparison). Most of the impairment in DPA and PP tests were also observed in MHD patients without anxiety or depression. However, MHD patients with both anxiety and depression generally had the most impaired DPA and PP. In MHD patients, higher adjusted anxiety scores were correlated with impaired 6-MWD and STS, whereas adjusted average DPA was negatively correlated with depression (r = -0.33, P = .006) but not anxiety. DPA on the hemodialysis day (P = .01), day after dialysis (P = .03), and day 2 after dialysis (P = .03) each correlated negatively with degree of depression but not with anxiety. MHD patients displayed negative-adjusted correlations between anxiety and 6-MWD (P = .03) and STS (P = .04). In relatively healthy MHD patients, DPA and PP are substantially impaired and correlated with each other, even in patients without evidence for anxiety or depression. Anxiety and depression are common in MHD patients and are associated with further impairment in DPA and PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Kopple
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Jun C Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; Division of Nephrology, CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University, South Korea
| | - Bryan B Shapiro
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; Division of Nephrology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, People's Republic of China
| | - Janos Porszasz
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Rachelle Bross
- UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Usama Feroze
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; VA Boston Health Care System/Harvard South Shore Psychiatry Residency Program, Brockton, Massachusetts
| | - Rajeev Upreti
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California; Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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Boecker H, Drzezga A. A perspective on the future role of brain pet imaging in exercise science. Neuroimage 2015; 131:73-80. [PMID: 26477649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) bears a unique potential for examining the effects of physical exercise (acute or chronic) within the central nervous system in vivo, including cerebral metabolism, neuroreceptor occupancy, and neurotransmission. However, application of Neuro-PET in human exercise science is as yet surprisingly sparse. To date the field has been dominated by non-invasive neuroelectrical techniques (EEG, MEG) and structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI/fMRI). Despite PET having certain inherent disadvantages, in particular radiation exposure and high costs limiting applicability at large scale, certain research questions in human exercise science can exclusively be addressed with PET: The "metabolic trapping" properties of (18)F-FDG PET as the most commonly used PET-tracer allow examining the neuronal mechanisms underlying various forms of acute exercise in a rather unconstrained manner, i.e. under realistic training scenarios outside the scanner environment. Beyond acute effects, (18)F-FDG PET measurements under resting conditions have a strong prospective for unraveling the influence of regular physical activity on neuronal integrity and potentially neuroprotective mechanisms in vivo, which is of special interest for aging and dementia research. Quantification of cerebral glucose metabolism may allow determining the metabolic effects of exercise interventions in the entire human brain and relating the regional cerebral rate of glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) with behavioral, neuropsychological, and physiological measures. Apart from FDG-PET, particularly interesting applications comprise PET ligand studies that focus on dopaminergic and opioidergic neurotransmission, both key transmitter systems for exercise-related psychophysiological effects, including mood changes, reward processing, antinociception, and in its most extreme form 'exercise dependence'. PET ligand displacement approaches even allow quantifying specific endogenous neurotransmitter release under acute exercise interventions, to which modern PET/MR hybrid technology will be additionally fruitful. Experimental studies exploiting the unprecedented multimodal imaging capacities of PET/MR in human exercise sciences are as yet pending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Boecker
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Cologne, Germany.
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Helgadóttir B, Forsell Y, Ekblom Ö. Physical activity patterns of people affected by depressive and anxiety disorders as measured by accelerometers: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115894. [PMID: 25585123 PMCID: PMC4293141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise can relieve both depressive and anxiety disorders and it is therefore of importance to establish movement patterns of mildly to moderately affected sufferers to estimate the treatment potential. The aim is to describe the physical activity patterns of people affected by mild to moderate depressive and/or anxiety symptoms using objective measures of physical activity. Methods The design of the study was cross-sectional using data from 165 people aged 18–65 years, with mild to moderate depressive and/or anxiety disorder symptoms (scoring ≥10 on the PHQ-9). Diagnoses were made using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and symptom severity was measured with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The participants wore accelerometers for a week to evaluate physical activity patterns. Results No statistically significant differences were detected between different diagnoses, though depressed participants tended to be less active and more sedentary. Only one-fifth of the sample followed public health guidelines regarding physical activity. Each one point increase in MADRS was associated with a 2.4 minute reduction in light physical activity, independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time. MADRS was positively associated with number of sedentary bouts. Conclusions The physical activity pattern of people with depressive and/or anxiety disorders was characterized by large amounts of sedentary time and low fulfillment of physical activity guidelines. There is therefore a large treatment potential for this group by increasing exercise. The results suggest that instead of focusing exclusively on high intensity exercise for treating depressive and anxiety disorders, health care providers might encourage patients to reduce sedentary time by increasing light physical activity and decreasing the number of sedentary bouts, though further studies are needed that can determine directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björg Helgadóttir
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- The Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Powers MB, Asmundson GJG, Smits JAJ. Exercise for Mood and Anxiety Disorders: The State-of-the Science. Cogn Behav Ther 2015; 44:237-9. [PMID: 26057087 PMCID: PMC4545646 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2015.1047286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Powers
- a Department of Psychology & Institute for Mental Health Research , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
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Körperliches Training bei neurologischen und psychischen Erkrankungen. DER NERVENARZT 2014; 85:1521-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-013-3978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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