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Dong C, Zhu W, Wei L, Kim JK, Ma Y, Kang SM, Wang BZ. Enhancing cross-protection against influenza by heterologous sequential immunization with mRNA LNP and protein nanoparticle vaccines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5800. [PMID: 38987276 PMCID: PMC11237032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing influenza vaccine cross-protection is imperative to alleviate the significant public health burden of influenza. Heterologous sequential immunization may synergize diverse vaccine formulations and routes to improve vaccine potency and breadth. Here we investigate the effects of immunization strategies on the generation of cross-protective immune responses in female Balb/c mice, utilizing mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) and protein-based PHC nanoparticle vaccines targeting influenza hemagglutinin. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of priming vaccination in shaping Th bias and immunodominance hierarchies. mRNA LNP prime favors Th1-leaning responses, while PHC prime elicits Th2-skewing responses. We demonstrate that cellular and mucosal immune responses are pivotal correlates of cross-protection against influenza. Notably, intranasal PHC immunization outperforms its intramuscular counterpart in inducing mucosal immunity and conferring cross-protection. Sequential mRNA LNP prime and intranasal PHC boost demonstrate optimal cross-protection against antigenically drifted and shifted influenza strains. Our study offers valuable insights into tailoring immunization strategies to optimize influenza vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Joo Kyung Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Yao Ma
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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2
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Sanchez PL, Staats HF, Abraham SN, Ross TM. Mastoparan-7 adjuvanted COBRA H1 and H3 hemagglutinin influenza vaccines. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13800. [PMID: 38877101 PMCID: PMC11178843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants enhance, prolong, and modulate immune responses by vaccine antigens to maximize protective immunity and enable more effective immunization in the young and elderly. Most adjuvants are formulated with injectable vaccines. However, an intranasal route of vaccination may induce mucosal and systemic immune responses for enhancing protective immunity in individuals and be easier to administer compared to injectable vaccines. In this study, a next generation of broadly-reactive influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccines were developed using the Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) methodology. These HA vaccines were formulated with Mastoparan 7 (M7-NH2) mast cell degranulating peptide adjuvant and administered intranasally to determine vaccine-induced seroconversion of antibodies against a panel of influenza viruses and protection following infection with H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in mice. Mice vaccinated intranasally with M7-NH2-adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccines had high HAIs against a panel of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses and were protected against both morbidity and mortality, with reduced viral lung titers, following challenge with an H1N1 influenza virus. Additionally, M7-NH2 adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccines induced Th2 skewed immune responses with robust IgG and isotype antibodies in the serum and mucosal lung lavages. Overall, this intranasally delivered M7-NH2 -adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccine provides effective protection against drifted H1N1 and H3N2 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Sanchez
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Herman F Staats
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA.
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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3
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Chen J, Chen C, Yuan L, Chen Y, Wang X, Tang N, Wei D, Ye X, Xia N, Chen Y. Intranasal influenza-vectored COVID-19 vaccines confer broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 XBB variants in hamsters. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae183. [PMID: 38800610 PMCID: PMC11118774 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The XBB.1.5 subvariant has garnered significant attention due to its exceptional immune evasion and transmissibility. Significantly, the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 has shown continual progression, with a recent global shift observed from XBB to BA.2.86, exemplified by the emergence of the predominant JN.1 subvariant. This phenomenon highlights the need for vaccines that can provide broad-spectrum antigenic coverage. In this study, we utilized a NS1-deleted (dNS1) influenza viral vector to engineer an updated live-attenuated vectored vaccine called dNS1-XBB-RBD. This vaccine encodes the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of the XBB.1.5 strain. Our findings demonstrate that the dNS1-XBB-RBD vaccine elicits a similar systemic and mucosal immune response compared to its prototypic form, dNS1-RBD. In hamsters, the dNS1-XBB-RBD vaccine provided robust protection against the SARS-CoV-2 immune-evasive strains XBB.1.9.2.1 and Beta. Remarkably, nasal vaccination with dNS1-RBD, which encodes the ancestor RBD gene, also effectively protected hamsters against both the XBB.1.9.2.1 and Beta strains. These results provide valuable insights about nasal influenza-vectored vaccine and present a promising strategy for the development of a broad-spectrum vaccine against COVID-19 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Congjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lunzhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yaode Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ningxin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongmei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ye
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Ltd., No.31, Kexueyuan Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
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4
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Ding P, Liu H, Zhu X, Chen Y, Zhou J, Chai S, Wang A, Zhang G. Thiolated chitosan encapsulation constituted mucoadhesive nanovaccine confers broad protection against divergent influenza A viruses. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121689. [PMID: 38220319 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) poses a significant threat to human and animal health, necessitating the development of universal influenza vaccines that can effectively activate mucosal immunity. Intranasal immunization has attracted significant attention due to its capacity to induce triple immune responses, including mucosal secretory IgA. However, inducing mucosal immunity through vaccination is challenging due to the self-cleansing nature of the mucosal surface. Thiolated chitosan (TCS) were explored for mucosal vaccine delivery, capitalizing on biocompatibility and bioadhesive properties of chitosan, with thiol modification enhancing mucoadhesive capability. The focus was on developing a universal nanovaccine by utilizing TCS-encapsulated virus-like particles displaying conserved B-cell and T-cell epitopes from M2e and NP proteins of IAV. The optimal conditions for nanoparticle formation were investigated by adjusting the thiol groups content of TCS and the amount of sodium tripolyphosphate. The nanovaccine induced robust immune responses and provided complete protection against IAVs from different species following intranasal immunization. The broad protective effect of nanovaccines can be attributed to the synergistic effect of antibodies and T cells. This study developed a universal intranasal nanovaccine and demonstrated the potential of TCS in the development of mucosal vaccines for respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shujun Chai
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China.
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5
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Raj S, Alizadeh M, Matsuyama-Kato A, Boodhoo N, Denis MS, Nagy É, Mubareka S, Karimi K, Behboudi S, Sharif S. Efficacy of an inactivated influenza vaccine adjuvanted with Toll-like receptor ligands against transmission of H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 268:110715. [PMID: 38219434 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV), including the H9N2 subtype, pose a major threat to the poultry industry as well as to human health. Although vaccination provides a protective control measure, its effect on transmission remains uncertain in chickens. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of beta-propiolactone (BPL) whole inactivated H9N2 virus (WIV) vaccine either alone or in combination with CpG ODN 2007 (CpG), poly(I:C) or AddaVax™ (ADD) to prevent H9N2 AIV transmission in chickens. The seeder chickens (trial 1) and recipient chickens (trial 2) were vaccinated twice with different vaccine formulations. Ten days after secondary vaccination, seeder chickens were infected with H9N2 AIV (trial 1) and co-housed with healthy recipient chickens. In trial 2, the recipient chickens were vaccinated and then exposed to H9N2 AIV-infected seeder chickens. Our results demonstrated that BPL+ CpG and BPL+ poly(I:C) treated chickens exhibited reduced oral and cloacal shedding in both trials post-exposure (PE). The number of H9N2 AIV+ recipient chickens in the BPL+ CpG group (trial 1) was lower than in other vaccinated groups, and the reduction was higher in BPL+ CpG recipient chickens in trial 2. BPL+ CpG vaccinated chickens demonstrated enhanced systemic antibody responses with high IgM and IgY titers with higher rates of seroprotection by day 21 post-primary vaccination (ppv). Additionally, the induction of IFN-γ expression and production was higher in the BPL+ CpG treated chickens. Interleukin (IL)- 2 expression was upregulated in both BPL+ CpG and BPL+ poly(I:C) groups at 12 and 24 hr post-stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Raj
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Myles St Denis
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NE, United Kingdom
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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6
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Tu B, Gao Y, An X, Wang H, Huang Y. Localized delivery of nanomedicine and antibodies for combating COVID-19. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1828-1846. [PMID: 36168329 PMCID: PMC9502448 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been a major health burden in the world. So far, many strategies have been investigated to control the spread of COVID-19, including social distancing, disinfection protocols, vaccines, and antiviral treatments. Despite the significant achievement, due to the constantly emerging new variants, COVID-19 is still a great challenge to the global healthcare system. It is an urgent demand for the development of new therapeutics and technologies for containing the wild spread of SARS-CoV-2. Inhaled administration is useful for the treatment of lung and respiratory diseases, and enables the drugs to reach the site of action directly with benefits of decreased dose, improved safety, and enhanced patient compliance. Nanotechnology has been extensively applied in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In this review, the inhaled nanomedicines and antibodies, as well as intranasal nanodrugs, for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanrong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinran An
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan 528437, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China
- Taizhou University, School of Advanced Study, Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, Taizhou 318000, China
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7
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Sanchez MV, Ebensen T, Schulze K, Cargnelutti DE, Scodeller EA, Guzmán CA. Protective Efficacy of a Mucosal Influenza Vaccine Formulation Based on the Recombinant Nucleoprotein Co-Administered with a TLR2/6 Agonist BPPcysMPEG. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030912. [PMID: 36986773 PMCID: PMC10057018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines target highly variable surface glycoproteins; thus, mismatches between vaccine strains and circulating strains often diminish vaccine protection. For this reason, there is still a critical need to develop effective influenza vaccines able to protect also against the drift and shift of different variants of influenza viruses. It has been demonstrated that influenza nucleoprotein (NP) is a strong candidate for a universal vaccine, which contributes to providing cross-protection in animal models. In this study, we developed an adjuvanted mucosal vaccine using the recombinant NP (rNP) and the TLR2/6 agonist S-[2,3-bispalmitoyiloxy-(2R)-propyl]-R-cysteinyl-amido-monomethoxyl-poly-ethylene-glycol (BPPcysMPEG). The vaccine efficacy was compared with that observed following parenteral vaccination of mice with the same formulation. Mice vaccinated with 2 doses of rNP alone or co-administered with BPPcysMPEG by the intranasal (i.n.) route showed enhanced antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses. Moreover, NP-specific humoral immune responses, characterized by significant NP-specific IgG and IgG subclass titers in sera and NP-specific IgA titers in mucosal territories, were remarkably increased in mice vaccinated with the adjuvanted formulation as compared with those of the non-adjuvanted vaccination group. The addition of BPPcysMPEG also improved NP-specific cellular responses in vaccinated mice, characterized by robust lymphoproliferation and mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 immune profiles. Finally, it is notable that the immune responses elicited by the novel formulation administered by the i.n. route were able to confer protection against the influenza H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5500, Argentina; (M.V.S.); (D.E.C.); (E.A.S.)
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Diego Esteban Cargnelutti
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5500, Argentina; (M.V.S.); (D.E.C.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Eduardo A. Scodeller
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5500, Argentina; (M.V.S.); (D.E.C.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Carlos A. Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (T.E.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-531-61814600; Fax: +49-531-618414699
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8
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Chia TRT, Young BE, Chia PY. The Omicron-transformer: Rise of the subvariants in the age of vaccines. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2022. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2022294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Omicron is the latest SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, the pathogen that causes COVID-19. Since its emergence in late 2021, Omicron has displaced other circulating variants and caused successive waves of infection worldwide throughout 2022. Omicron is characterised by the rapid emergence of many subvariants and high rates of infection in people with vaccine- and/or infection-induced immunity. This review article will consolidate current knowledge regarding Omicron subvariants, the role of boosters, and future vaccine development. Method: This narrative review is based on a literature search using PubMed. Search terms related to Omicron were used and priority was given to published peer-reviewed articles over pre-prints. Results: Studies indicate that vaccinations and boosters are important to reduce disease severity, hospitalisation and death from Omicron. A variety of factors, such as differing host factors, circulating variants, and forces of infection, can influence the benefit of repeated booster administration. Next-generation bivalent vaccines have now been approved in some countries including Singapore and have demonstrated the ability to induce broad variant protection. Future third-generation vaccines involving mucosal vaccines and/or pan-sarbecovirus vaccines may provide broader and longer-lasting protection. Conclusion: Due to current high levels of vaccine- and infection-induced immunity, it is likely that rates of severe illness, hospitalisation, and death due to Omicron will continue to moderate. Nevertheless, the virus is ever-changing, and public health policies, especially those related to vaccinations, will also have to continually evolve and adapt as COVID-19 transitions to endemicity.
Keywords: Booster, COVID-19, infectious diseases, Omicron, vaccine
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Po Ying Chia
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
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9
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Zhu F, Zhuang C, Chu K, Zhang L, Zhao H, Huang S, Su Y, Lin H, Yang C, Jiang H, Zang X, Liu D, Pan H, Hu Y, Liu X, Chen Q, Song Q, Quan J, Huang Z, Zhong G, Chen J, Han J, Sun H, Cui L, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang T, Ye X, Li C, Wu T, Zhang J, Xia NS. Safety and immunogenicity of a live-attenuated influenza virus vector-based intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 and 2 trials. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:749-760. [PMID: 35644168 PMCID: PMC9135375 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background All currently available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are administered by intramuscular injection. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a live-attenuated influenza virus vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (dNS1-RBD) administered by intranasal spray in healthy adults. Methods We did double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 1 and 2 trials, followed by a phase 2 extension trial, at a single centre in Jiangsu, China. Healthy adults (≥18 years) who had negative serum or fingertip blood total antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 (in phases 1 and 2), with no prevalent SARS-CoV-2 infection or history of infection and no SARS-CoV-2 vaccination history (in all three trials reported here), were enrolled. Participants were randomly allocated (4:1 in phase 1, 2:1 in phase 2, and 1:1 in the extension trial) to receive two intranasal doses of the dNS1-RBD vaccine or placebo on days 0 and 14 or, for half of the participants in phase 2, on days 0 and 21. To avoid cross-contamination during administration, vaccine and placebo recipients were vaccinated in separate rooms in the extension trial. The phase 1 primary outcome was safety (adverse events recorded on days 0–44; serious adverse events recorded from day 0 until 12 months after the second dose). In the phase 2 and extension trials, the primary immunogenicity outcomes were SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response in peripheral blood (measured by IFN-γ ELISpot), proportion of participants with positive conversion for SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG and secretory IgA (s-IgA) antibodies, and concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG in serum and SARS-CoV-2 RBD s-IgA in the nasopharynx (measured by ELISA) at 1 month after the second dose in the per-protocol set for immunogenicity. χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyse categorical data, and t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare the measurement data between groups. These trials were registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000037782, ChiCTR2000039715, and ChiCTR2100048316). Findings Between Sept 1, 2020, and July 4, 2021, 63, 724, and 297 participants without a history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were enrolled in the phase 1, phase 2, and extension trials, respectively. At least one adverse reaction after vaccination was reported in 133 (19%) of 684 participants in the vaccine groups. Most adverse reactions were mild. No vaccine-related serious adverse event was noted. Specific T-cell immune responses were observed in 211 (46% [95% CI 42–51]) of 455 vaccine recipients in the phase 2 trial, and in 48 (40% [31–49]) of 120 vaccine recipients compared with one (1% [0–5]) of 111 placebo recipients (p<0·0001) in the extension trial. Seroconversion for RBD-specific IgG was observed in 48 (10% [95% CI 8–13]) of 466 vaccine recipients in the phase 2 trial (geometric mean titre [GMT] 3·8 [95% CI 3·4–4·3] in responders), and in 31 (22% [15–29]) of 143 vaccine recipients (GMT 4·4 [3·3–5·8]) and zero (0% [0–2]) of 147 placebo recipients (p<0·0001) in the extension trial. 57 (12% [95% CI 9–16]) of 466 vaccine recipients had positive conversion for RBD-specific s-IgA (GMT 3·8 [95% CI 3·5–4·1] in responders) in the phase 2 trial, as did 18 (13% [8–19]) of 143 vaccine recipients (GMT 5·2 [4·0–6·8]) and zero (0% [0–2]) of 147 placebo recipients (p<0·0001) in the extension trial. Interpretation dNS1-RBD was well tolerated in adults. Weak T-cell immunity in peripheral blood, as well as weak humoral and mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, were detected in vaccine recipients. Further studies are warranted to verify the safety and efficacy of intranasal vaccines as a potential supplement to current intramuscular SARS-CoV-2 vaccine pools. Steps should be taken in future studies to reduce the potential for cross-contamination caused by the vaccine strain aerosol during administration. Funding National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Science, Fujian Provincial Science, CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, and Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise.
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10
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Dong C, Wang Y, Zhu W, Ma Y, Kim J, Wei L, Gonzalez GX, Wang BZ. Polycationic HA/CpG Nanoparticles Induce Cross-Protective Influenza Immunity in Mice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6331-6342. [PMID: 35084819 PMCID: PMC8832387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal (i.n.) route is an ideal vaccination approach for infectious respiratory diseases like influenza. Polycationic polyethylenimine (PEI) could form nanoscale complexes with negatively charged viral glycoproteins. Here we fabricated PEI-hemagglutinin (HA) and PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticles and investigated their immune responses and protective efficacies with an i.n. vaccination regimen in mice. Our results revealed that the nanoparticles significantly enhanced HA immunogenicity, providing heterologous cross-protection. The conserved HA stalk region induced substantial antibodies in the nanoparticle immunization groups. In contrast to the Th2-biased, IgG1-dominant antibody response generated by PEI-HA nanoparticles, PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticles generated more robust and balanced IgG1/IgG2a antibody responses with augmented neutralization activity and Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticles also induced enhanced local and systemic cellular immune responses. These immune responses did not decay over six months of observation postimmunization. PEI and CpG synergized these comprehensive immune responses. Thus, the PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticle is a potential cross-protective influenza vaccine candidate. Polycationic PEI nanoplatforms merit future development into mucosal vaccine systems.
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11
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Dong C, Wang Y, Gonzalez GX, Ma Y, Song Y, Wang S, Kang SM, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Intranasal vaccination with influenza HA/GO-PEI nanoparticles provides immune protection against homo- and heterologous strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024998118. [PMID: 33941704 PMCID: PMC8126854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024998118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal (i.n.) immunization is a promising vaccination route for infectious respiratory diseases such as influenza. Recombinant protein vaccines can overcome the safety concerns and long production phase of virus-based influenza vaccines. However, soluble protein vaccines are poorly immunogenic if administered by an i.n. route. Here, we report that polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles (GP nanoparticles) showed high antigen-loading capacities and superior immunoenhancing properties. Via a facile electrostatic adsorption approach, influenza hemagglutinin (HA) was incorporated into GP nanoparticles and maintained structural integrity and antigenicity. The resulting GP nanoparticles enhanced antigen internalization and promoted inflammatory cytokine production and JAWS II dendritic cell maturation. Compared with soluble HA, GP nanoparticle formulations induced significantly enhanced and cross-reactive immune responses at both systemic sites and mucosal surfaces in mice after i.n. immunization. In the absence of any additional adjuvant, the GP nanoparticle significantly boosted antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, comparable to the acknowledged potent mucosal immunomodulator CpG. The robust immune responses conferred immune protection against challenges by homologous and heterologous viruses. Additionally, the solid self-adjuvant effect of GP nanoparticles may mask the role of CpG when coincorporated. In the absence of currently approved mucosal adjuvants, GP nanoparticles can be developed into potent i.n. influenza vaccines, providing broad protection. With versatility and flexibility, the GP nanoplatform can be easily adapted for constructing mucosal vaccines for different respiratory pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Graphite/chemistry
- Graphite/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Polyethyleneimine/chemistry
- Vaccination/methods
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Ye Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Gilbert X Gonzalez
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Yao Ma
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Yufeng Song
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302;
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12
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Tiboni M, Casettari L, Illum L. Nasal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: Synergistic or alternative to intramuscular vaccines? Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120686. [PMID: 33964339 PMCID: PMC8099545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is striking that all marketed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are developed for intramuscular administration designed to produce humoral and cell mediated immune responses, preventing viremia and the COVID-19 syndrome. They have a high degree of efficacy in humans (70–95%) depending on the type of vaccine. However, little protection is provided against viral replication and shedding in the upper airways due to the lack of a local sIgA immune response, indicating a risk of transmission of virus from vaccinated individuals. A range of novel nasal COVID-19 vaccines are in development and preclinical results in non-human primates have shown a promising prevention of replication and shedding of virus due to the induction of mucosal immune response (sIgA) in upper and lower respiratory tracts as well as robust systemic and humoral immune responses. Whether these results will translate to humans remains to be clarified. An IM prime followed by an IN booster vaccination would likely result in a better well-rounded immune response, including prevention (or strong reduction) in viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Lisbeth Illum
- IDentity, 19 Cavendish Crescent North, The Park, Nottingham, NG71BA, United Kingdom.
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13
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Probiotic-Based Vaccines May Provide Effective Protection against COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050466. [PMID: 34066443 PMCID: PMC8148110 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the causative agent of COVID-19, now represents the sixth Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)—as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2009. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted via the mucosal route, a therapy administered by this same route may represent a desirable approach to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is now widely accepted that genetically modified microorganisms, including probiotics, represent attractive vehicles for oral or nasal mucosal delivery of therapeutic molecules. Previous studies have shown that the mucosal administration of therapeutic molecules is able to induce an immune response mediated by specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies along with mucosal cell-mediated immune responses, which effectively concur to neutralize and eradicate infections. Therefore, advances in the modulation of mucosal immune responses, and in particular the use of probiotics as live delivery vectors, may encourage prospective studies to assess the effectiveness of genetically modified probiotics for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerging trends in the ever-progressing field of vaccine development re-emphasize the contribution of adjuvants, along with optimization of codon usage (when designing a synthetic gene), expression level, and inoculation dose to elicit specific and potent protective immune responses. In this review, we will highlight the existing pre-clinical and clinical information on the use of genetically modified microorganisms in control strategies against respiratory and non-respiratory viruses. In addition, we will discuss some controversial aspects of the use of genetically modified probiotics in modulating the cross-talk between mucosal delivery of therapeutics and immune system modulation.
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14
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Gallo O, Locatello LG, Mazzoni A, Novelli L, Annunziato F. The central role of the nasal microenvironment in the transmission, modulation, and clinical progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:305-316. [PMID: 33244161 PMCID: PMC7690066 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 enters into the human body mainly through the ACE2 + TMPRSS2+ nasal epithelial cells. The initial host response to this pathogen occurs in a peculiar immune microenvironment that, starting from the Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (NALT) system, is the product of a long evolutionary process that is aimed to first recognize exogenous airborne agents. In the present work, we want to critically review the latest molecular and cellular findings on the mucosal response to SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal cavity and in NALT, and to analyze its impact in the subsequent course of COVID-19. Finally, we want to explore the possibility that the regulation of the systemic inflammatory network against the virus can be modulated starting from the initial phases of the nasal and nasopharyngeal response and this may have several clinical and epidemiological implications starting from a mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreste Gallo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Giovanni Locatello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Novelli
- Department of Pathology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,Flow Cytometry and Immunotherapy Diagnostic Center, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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15
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Qin T, Ma S, Miao X, Tang Y, Huangfu D, Wang J, Jiang J, Xu N, Yin Y, Chen S, Liu X, Yin Y, Peng D, Gao L. Mucosal Vaccination for Influenza Protection Enhanced by Catalytic Immune-Adjuvant. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000771. [PMID: 32999833 PMCID: PMC7509716 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Influenza poses a severe threat to global health. Despite the whole inactivated virus (WIV)-based nasal vaccine being a promising strategy for influenza protection, the mucosal barrier is still a bottleneck of the nasal vaccine. Here, a catalytic mucosal adjuvant strategy for an influenza WIV nasal vaccine based on chitosan (CS) functionalized iron oxide nanozyme (IONzyme) is developed. The results reveal that CS-IONzyme increases antigen adhesion to nasal mucosa by 30-fold compared to H1N1 WIV alone. Next, CS-IONzyme facilitates H1N1 WIV to enhance CCL20-driven submucosal dendritic cell (DC) recruitment and transepithelial dendrite(TED) formation for viral uptake via the toll-like receptor(TLR) 2/4-dependent pathway. Moreover, IONzyme with enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity by CS modification catalyzes a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent DC maturation, which further enhances the migration of H1N1 WIV-loaded DCs into the draining lymph nodes for antigen presentation. Finally, CS-IONzyme-based nasal vaccine triggers an 8.9-fold increase of IgA-mucosal adaptive immunity in mice, which provides a 100% protection against influenza, while only a 30% protection by H1N1 WIV alone. This work provides an antiviral alternative for designing nasal vaccines based on IONzyme to combat influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture & Agricultural‐ProductsYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou225009P. R. China
| | - Shang Ma
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Miao
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Dandan Huangfu
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture & Agricultural‐ProductsYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou225009P. R. China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture & Agricultural‐ProductsYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Yinyan Yin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture & Agricultural‐ProductsYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry DiseaseYangzhou225009P. R. China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for NanozymeInstitute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
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16
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Takeda Y, Okuyama Y, Nakano H, Yaoita Y, Machida K, Ogawa H, Imai K. Antiviral Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Tea Extract Against Human Influenza A Virus Rely Largely on Acidic pH but Partially on a Low-pH-Independent Mechanism. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2020; 12:9-19. [PMID: 31620998 PMCID: PMC7223586 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is perennially one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Effective therapy and vaccination are needed to control viral expansion. However, current anti-IAV drugs risk inducing drug-resistant virus emergence. Although intranasal administration of whole inactivated virus vaccine can induce efficient protective immunity, formalin and β-propiolactone are the currently used and harmful inactivating agents. Here, we analyzed the antiviral activity of hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) tea extract against human IAV and evaluated its potential as a novel anti-IAV drug and a safe inactivating agent for whole inactivated vaccine. The in vitro study revealed that the pH of hibiscus tea extract is acidic, and its rapid and potent antiviral activity relied largely on the acidic pH. Furthermore, the mouse study showed that the acidic extract was not effective for either therapeutic or vaccination purposes. However, hibiscus tea extract and protocatechuic acid, one of the major components of the extract, showed not only potent acid-dependent antiviral activity but also weak low-pH-independent activity. The low-pH-independent activity did not affect the conformation of immunodominant hemagglutinin protein. Although this low-pH-independent activity is very limited, it may be suitable for the application to medication and vaccination because this activity is not affected by the neutral blood environment and does not lose antigenicity of hemagglutinin. Further study of the low-pH-independent antiviral mechanism and attempts to enhance the antiviral activity may establish a novel anti-IAV therapy and vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takeda
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nakano
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yaoita
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Koich Machida
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Mao N, Zhu S, Ji T, Xu W. Intranasal immunization with coxsackievirus A16 virus-like particles confers protection against lethal infection in neonatal mice. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2975-2984. [PMID: 31570994 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) is one of the main causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children and has become prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region in recent years. However, no approved vaccines or drugs are available for CV-A16 infection. CV-A16 virus-like particles (VLPs) are a potential vaccine candidate; however, whether the intranasal route of immunization is suitable for inducing immune responses against CV-A16 infection has not been clarified. In this study, the comprehensive immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the CV-A16 VLP vaccine were evaluated by multiple methods in a mouse model. In mice, a high neutralizing antibody (NTAb) titre could be elicited by intranasal immunization with CV-A16 VLPs, which produced NTAb levels similar to those induced by intranasal immunization with inactivated CV-A16. Passive immunity with NTAbs provided very good protection, as the survival rate of the immunized neonatal mice was 100% after challenges with CV-A16 at a dose of 1000 LD50. Passive protective effects were transferred to the neonates via the mother, thus protecting all the pups against challenges with the homologous or heterologous strains of CV-A16 at a dose of 1000 LD50. In addition, intranasal immunization with CV-A16 VLPs also induced the production of mucosal secretory IgA (s-IgA) antibodies, which may inhibit CV-A16 virus invasion. This study provides valuable supplemental information to facilitate our understanding of the specific protective efficacy of CV-A16 VLPs and has significance for development of the candidate vaccine into a safe and effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Chang-bai Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Chang-bai Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Chang-bai Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Chang-bai Road, Beijing, 102206, China. .,WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Alkie TN, de Jong J, Jenik K, Klinger KM, DeWitte-Orr SJ. Enhancing innate antiviral immune responses in rainbow trout by double stranded RNA delivered with cationic phytoglycogen nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13619. [PMID: 31541160 PMCID: PMC6754369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is induced when pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) bind host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] is a synthetic analogue of viral dsRNA that acts as a PAMP, inducing type I interferons (IFNs) in vertebrates. In the present study, the immunostimulatory effects of high molecular weight (HMW) poly(I:C) in rainbow trout cells were measured when bound to a cationic phytoglycogen nanoparticle (Nano-HMW). The physical characteristics of the nanoparticle itself, when bound to different lengths of dsRNA and when cell associated was evaluated. Optimal concentration and timing for innate immune stimulation was measured using the RTG-P1 reporter cell line. The immunostimulatory effects of HMW poly (I:C) was compared to Nano-HMW in vitro using the RTgutGC cell line cultured in a conventional monolayer or a transwell culture system. The ability of an activated intestinal epithelium to transmit an antiviral signal to macrophages was evaluated using a co-culture of RTgutGC cells and RTSll (a monocyte/macrophage cell). In all culture conditions, Nano-HMW was a more effective inducer of IFN-related antiviral immune responses compared to HMW poly (I:C) alone. This study introduces the use of cationic phytoglycogen nanoparticles as a novel delivery system for immunomodulatory molecules to enhance immune responses in aquatic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiru N Alkie
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jondavid de Jong
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Glysantis Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kristof Jenik
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Comparative Immunogenicity of the 2014-2015 Northern Hemisphere Trivalent IIV and LAIV against Influenza A Viruses in Children. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030087. [PMID: 31408963 PMCID: PMC6789519 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) and live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) have been recommended for administration to children. Children are a high-risk group for severe influenza, and a major source of transmission. Therefore, prevention of infection by vaccination is particularly important. However, efficacy and immunogenicity of these vaccines are known to vary by season and geographic location. We compared the immunogenicity of the 2014–2015 Northern Hemisphere trivalent IIV and LAIV against influenza A virus in Canadian Hutterite children aged 2 to 17 using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure hemagglutinin-specific serum IgA and mucosal IgA. Both vaccine formulations induced significant increases in HAI titers against H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine strains. Serum IgA titers against H3N2 were significantly boosted by both IIV and LAIV, while only IIV induced a significant increase in serum IgA specific to the H1N1 vaccine strain. While HAI titers correlated with protection conferred by IIV, mucosal IgA titers correlated with protection conferred by LAIV (mucosal IgA titers could not be established as a correlate for IIV due to sample size limitations). IIV and LAIV were previously reported to be equally efficacious in this cohort, although the immunogenicity of IIV was generally superior.
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20
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Recombinant H5 hemagglutinin adjuvanted with nanoemulsion protects ferrets against pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge. Vaccine 2019; 37:1591-1600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Pratti JES, da Fonseca Martins AM, da Silva JP, Ramos TD, Pereira JC, Firmino-Cruz L, Oliveira-Maciel D, Vieira TSDS, Lacerda LL, Vale AM, Freire-de-Lima CG, Gomes DCO, Saraiva EM, Rossi-Bergmann B, de Matos Guedes HL. The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007146. [PMID: 30802247 PMCID: PMC6405171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania (L.) amazonensis is one of the etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Brazil. Currently, there is no vaccine approved for human use against leishmaniasis, although several vaccine preparations are in experimental stages. One of them is Leishvacin, or LaAg, a first-generation vaccine composed of total L. amazonensis antigens that has consistently shown an increase of mouse resistance against CL when administered intranasally (i.n.). Since Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is highly expressed in the nasal mucosa and LaAg is composed of TLR9-binding DNA CpG motifs, in this study we proposed to investigate the role of TLR9 in both L. amazonensis infection and in LaAg vaccine efficacy in C57BL/6 (WT) mice and TLR9-/- mice. First, we evaluated, the infection of macrophages by L. amazonensis in vitro, showing no significant difference between macrophages from WT and TLR9-/- mice in terms of both infection percentage and total number of intracellular amastigotes, as well as NO production. In addition, neutrophils from WT and TLR9-/- mice had similar capacity to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to L. amazonensis. L. amazonensis did not activate dendritic cells from WT and TLR9-/- mice, analysed by MHCII and CD86 expression. However, in vivo, TLR9-/- mice were slightly more susceptible to L. amazonensis infection than WT mice, presenting a larger lesion and an increased parasite load at the peak of infection and in the chronic phase. The increased TLR9-/- mice susceptibility was accompanied by an increased IgG and IgG1 production; a decrease of IFN-γ in infected tissue, but not IL-4 and IL-10; and a decreased number of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells in the lesion-draining lymph nodes. Also, TLR9-/- mice could not control parasite growth following i.n. LaAg vaccination unlike the WT mice. This protection failure was associated with a reduction of the hypersensitivity response induced by immunization. The TLR9-/- vaccinated mice failed to respond to antigen stimulation and to produce IFN-γ by lymph node cells. Together, these results suggest that TLR9 contributes to C57BL/6 mouse resistance against L. amazonensis, and that the TLR9-binding LaAg comprising CpG motifs may be important for intranasal vaccine efficacy against CL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Marcia da Fonseca Martins
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Paiva da Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Diniz Ramos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joyce Carvalho Pereira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luan Firmino-Cruz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Oliveira-Maciel
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Soares de Souza Vieira
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandra Linhares Lacerda
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andre Macedo Vale
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celio G. Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel C. Oliveira Gomes
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas/ Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| | - Elvira M. Saraiva
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa UFRJ–Xerém em Biologia (NUMPEX-BIO), Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade (Polo Avançado de Xerém), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Shen C, Zhang M, Chen Y, Zhang L, Wang G, Chen J, Chen S, Li Z, Wei F, Chen J, Yang K, Guo S, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Yu H, Luo W, Zhang J, Chen H, Chen Y, Xia N. An IgM antibody targeting the receptor binding site of influenza B blocks viral infection with great breadth and potency. Theranostics 2019; 9:210-231. [PMID: 30662563 PMCID: PMC6332795 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting the receptor binding site (RBS) of hemagglutinin (HA) have potential for developing into powerful anti-influenza agents. Several previously reported influenza B bnAbs are nevertheless unable to neutralize a portion of influenza B virus variants. HA-specific bnAbs with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) activity may possess the ability to block virus entry directly. Polymeric IgM antibodies are expected to more effectively inhibit virus attachment and entry into target cells due to their higher avidity and/or steric hindrance. We therefore hypothesized that certain RBS-targeted IgM antibodies with strong cross-lineage HI activity might display broader and more potent antiviral activity against rapidly evolving influenza B viruses. Methods: In this study, we generated IgM and IgG bnAbs targeting the RBS of influenza B virus using the murine hybridoma technique. IgM and IgG versions of the same antibodies were then developed by isotype switching and characterized in subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results: Two IgM and two IgG bnAbs against influenza B virus HA were identified. Of these, one IgM subtype antibody, C7G6-IgM, showed strong HI and neutralization activities against all 20 representative influenza B strains tested, with higher potency and broader breadth of anti-influenza activity in vitro than the IgG subtype variant of itself, or other previously-reported influenza B bnAbs. Furthermore, C7G6-IgM conferred excellent cross-protection against distinct lineages of influenza B viruses in mice and ferrets, performing better than the anti-influenza drug oseltamivir, and showed an additive antiviral effect when administered in combination with oseltamivir. Mechanistically, C7G6-IgM potently inhibits infection with influenza B virus strains from different lineages by blocking viral entry. Conclusion: In summary, our study highlights the potential of IgM subtype antibodies in combatting pathogenic microbes. Moreover, C7G6-IgM is a promising candidate for the development of prophylactics or therapeutics against influenza B infection.
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23
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Alkie TN, Yitbarek A, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Astill J, Sharif S. Characterization of immunogenicity of avian influenza antigens encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles following mucosal and subcutaneous delivery in chickens. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206324. [PMID: 30383798 PMCID: PMC6211703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal vaccine delivery systems have paramount importance for the induction of mucosal antibody responses. Two studies were conducted to evaluate immunogenicity of inactivated AIV antigens encapsulated in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). In the first study, seven groups of specific pathogen free (SPF) layer-type chickens were immunized subcutaneously at 7-days of age with different vaccine formulations followed by booster vaccinations two weeks later. Immune responses were profiled by measuring antibody (Ab) responses in sera and lachrymal secretions of vaccinated chickens. The results indicated that inactivated AIV and CpG ODN co-encapsulated in PLGA NPs (2x NanoAI+CpG) produced higher amounts of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies compared to a group vaccinated with non-adjuvanted AIV encapsulated in PLGA NPs (NanoAI). The tested adjuvanted NPs-based vaccine (2x NanoAI+CpG) resulted in higher IgG responses in the sera and lachrymal secretions at weeks 3, 4 and 5 post-vaccination when immunized subcutaneously. The incorporation of CpG ODN led to an increase in Ab-mediated responses and was found useful to be included both in the prime and booster vaccinations. In the second study, the ability of chitosan and mannan coated PLGA NPs that encapsulated AIV and CpG ODN was evaluated for inducing antibody responses when delivered via nasal and ocular routes in one-week-old SPF layer-type chickens. These PLGA NPs-based and surface modified formulations induced robust AIV-specific antibody responses in sera and lachrymal secretions. Chitosan coated PLGA NPs resulted in the production of large quantities of lachrymal IgA and IgG compared to mannan coated NPs, which also induced detectable amounts of IgA in addition to the induction of IgG in lachrymal secretions. In both mucosal and subcutaneous vaccination approaches, although NPs delivery enhanced Ab-mediated immunity, one booster vaccination was required to generate significant amount of Abs. These results highlight the potential of NPs-based AIV antigens for promoting the induction of both systemic and mucosal immune responses against respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiru Negash Alkie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Al Shamlah, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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24
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Hughes HR, Brockmeier SL, Loving CL. Bordetella bronchiseptica Colonization Limits Efficacy, but Not Immunogenicity, of Live-Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccine and Enhances Pathogenesis After Influenza Challenge. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2255. [PMID: 30337924 PMCID: PMC6180198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasally administered live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines provide significant protection against heterologous influenza A virus (IAV) challenge. However, LAIV administration can modify the bacterial microbiota in the upper respiratory tract, including alterations in species that cause pneumonia. We sought to evaluate the effect of Bordetella bronchiseptica colonization on LAIV immunogenicity and efficacy in swine, and the impact of LAIV and IAV challenge on B. bronchiseptica colonization and disease. LAIV immunogenicity was not significantly impacted by B. bronchiseptica colonization, but protective efficacy against heterologous IAV challenge in the upper respiratory tract was impaired. Titers of IAV in the nose and trachea of pigs that received LAIV were significantly reduced when compared to non-vaccinated, challenged controls, regardless of B. bronchiseptica infection. Pneumonia scores were higher in pigs colonized with B. bronchiseptica and challenged with IAV, but this was regardless of LAIV vaccination status. While LAIV vaccination provided significant protection against heterologous IAV challenge, the protection was not sterilizing and IAV replicated in the respiratory tract of all LAIV vaccinated pig. The interaction between IAV, B. bronchiseptica, and host led to development of acute-type B. bronchiseptica lesions in the lung. Thus, the data presented do not negate the efficacy of LAIV vaccination, but instead indicate that controlling B. bronchiseptica colonization in swine could limit the negative interaction between IAV and Bordetella on swine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Hughes
- Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Susan L Brockmeier
- Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Crystal L Loving
- Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.,Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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25
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Bernasconi V, Bernocchi B, Ye L, Lê MQ, Omokanye A, Carpentier R, Schön K, Saelens X, Staeheli P, Betbeder D, Lycke N. Porous Nanoparticles With Self-Adjuvanting M2e-Fusion Protein and Recombinant Hemagglutinin Provide Strong and Broadly Protective Immunity Against Influenza Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2060. [PMID: 30271406 PMCID: PMC6146233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high risk of an outbreak of pandemic influenza, the development of a broadly protective universal influenza vaccine is highly warranted. The design of such a vaccine has attracted attention and much focus has been given to nanoparticle-based influenza vaccines which can be administered intranasally. This is particularly interesting since, contrary to injectable vaccines, mucosal vaccines elicit local IgA and lung resident T cell immunity, which have been found to correlate with stronger protection in experimental models of influenza virus infections. Also, studies in human volunteers have indicated that pre-existing CD4+ T cells correlate well to increased resistance against infection. We have previously developed a fusion protein with 3 copies of the ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e), which is one of the most explored conserved influenza A virus antigens for a broadly protective vaccine known today. To improve the protective ability of the self-adjuvanting fusion protein, CTA1-3M2e-DD, we incorporated it into porous maltodextrin nanoparticles (NPLs). This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that the combined vaccine vector given intranasally enhanced immune protection against a live challenge infection and reduced the risk of virus transmission between immunized and unimmunized individuals. Most importantly, immune responses to NPLs that also contained recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) were strongly enhanced in a CTA1-enzyme dependent manner and we achieved broadly protective immunity against a lethal infection with heterosubtypic influenza virus. Immune protection was mediated by enhanced levels of lung resident CD4+ T cells as well as anti-HA and -M2e serum IgG and local IgA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bernasconi
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Bernocchi
- Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, University of Lille, INSERM and CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Liang Ye
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Minh Quan Lê
- Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, University of Lille, INSERM and CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ajibola Omokanye
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rodolphe Carpentier
- Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, University of Lille, INSERM and CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karin Schön
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Didier Betbeder
- Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, University of Lille, INSERM and CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, University of Artois, Arras, France
| | - Nils Lycke
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Si Y, Wen Y, Kelly SH, Chong AS, Collier JH. Intranasal delivery of adjuvant-free peptide nanofibers elicits resident CD8 + T cell responses. J Control Release 2018; 282:120-130. [PMID: 29673645 PMCID: PMC6309200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Influenza vaccines that can be administered intranasally or by other needle-free delivery routes have potential advantages over injected formulations in terms of patient compliance, cost, and ease of global distribution. Supramolecular peptide nanofibers have been investigated previously as platforms for vaccines and immunotherapies and have been shown to raise immune responses in the absence of exogenous adjuvants and without measurable inflammation. However, at present it has not been tested whether the immunogenicity of these materials extends to the intranasal route. Here we investigated the extent to which self-assembled peptide nanofibers bearing an influenza peptide epitope elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses when delivered intranasally, and we compared these responses with those elicited by subcutaneous immunization. Peptides containing an epitope from influenza acid polymerase (PA) and the Q11 self-assembly domain formed nanofibers that were avidly taken up by dendritic cells in lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes after intranasal immunization. Intranasally delivered nanofibers generated greater antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in the lung-draining lymph nodes than subcutaneous immunizations while retaining the non-inflammatory character of the materials observed in other delivery sites. The CD8+ T cells elicited systemically were functional as assessed by their ability to produce IFN-γ ex vivo, lyse epitope-pulsed target cells in vivo, and diminish viral loads in infected mice. Compared to subcutaneously delivered nanofibers, intranasally delivered peptide nanofibers significantly increased the number of persisting antigen-specific tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells in the lung, allowing for a more rapid response to infection at 6 weeks post-vaccination. These results indicate that intranasally delivered self-assembled peptide nanofibers are immunogenic when delivering CD8+ epitopes without adjuvant or CD4+ epitopes, are non-inflammatory, and promote more lung-resident memory CD8+ T cells compared to subcutaneous immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhui Si
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sean H Kelly
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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27
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Sakurai D, Uchida R, Ihara F, Kunii N, Nakagawa T, Chazono H, Hanazawa T, Motohashi S, Okamoto Y. Immunosuppressive property of submandibular lymph nodes in patients with head and neck tumors: differential distribution of regulatory T cells. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:479. [PMID: 30012191 PMCID: PMC6048882 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Different sensitizations and immune responses are thought to be induced in response to antigens at different mucosal sites between the oral floor and nose. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the distributions of lymphocyte subsets in the submandibular (SM) and upper jugular (UJ) lymph nodes (LNs), which are supposed to be regional LNs of the oral floor and nasal mucosa, respectively. SMLNs and UJLNs were collected from patients with head and neck tumors who underwent surgical resection. The populations of T cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, Natural Killer T (NKT) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and dendritic cells (DCs) in LNs without metastasis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expression of LN cells were also evaluated. Results The proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs, CD4+CD45RA−Foxp3high effector Tregs and FcεRIα+CD33+CD11c+ DCs were significantly larger in SMLNs compared with UJLNs, while those of CD3+ T cells, CD3−CD56+ NK cells, CD3+Vα24+Vβ11+ NKT cells, and CD123+CD303+ DCs did not show any significant differences between SMLNs and UJLNs. The differential distributions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were observed regardless of tumor region, LN metastasis and clinical staging. These data indicate that SMLNs may have immunosuppressive properties compared with UJLNs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3587-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiju Sakurai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Uchida
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Fumie Ihara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoki Kunii
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideaki Chazono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Hanazawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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M2e-tetramer-specific memory CD4 T cells are broadly protective against influenza infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:273-289. [PMID: 28295019 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) is considered an attractive component of a broadly protective, universal influenza A vaccine. Here we challenge the canonical view that antibodies against M2e are the prime effectors of protection. Intranasal immunizations of Balb/c mice with CTA1-3M2e-DD-generated M2e-specific memory CD4 T cells that were I-Ad restricted and critically protected against infection, even in the complete absence of antibodies, as observed in JhD mice. Whereas some M2e-tetramer-specific memory CD4 T cells resided in spleen and lymph nodes, the majority were lung-resident Th17 cells, that rapidly expanded upon a viral challenge infection. Indeed, immunized IL-17A-/- mice were significantly less well protected compared with wild-type mice despite exhibiting comparable antibody levels. Similarly, poor protection was also observed in congenic Balb/B (H-2b) mice, which failed to develop M2e-specific CD4 T cells, but exhibited comparable antibody levels. Lung-resident CD69+ CD103low M2e-specific memory CD4 T cells were αβ TCR+ and 50% were Th17 cells that were associated with an early influx of neutrophils after virus challenge. Adoptively transferred M2e memory CD4 T cells were strong helper T cells, which accelerated M2e- but more importantly also hemagglutinin-specific IgG production. Thus, for the first time we demonstrate that M2e-specific memory CD4 T cells are broadly protective.
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Shen C, Chen J, Li R, Zhang M, Wang G, Stegalkina S, Zhang L, Chen J, Cao J, Bi X, Anderson SF, Alefantis T, Zhang M, Cai X, Yang K, Zheng Q, Fang M, Yu H, Luo W, Zheng Z, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Wai-Kuo Shih J, Kleanthous H, Chen H, Chen Y, Xia N. A multimechanistic antibody targeting the receptor binding site potently cross-protects against influenza B viruses. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/412/eaam5752. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kamble NM, Hyoung KJ, Lee JH. Intracellular delivery of HA1 subunit antigen through attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum act as a bivalent vaccine against fowl typhoid and low pathogenic H5N3 virus. Vet Res 2017; 48:40. [PMID: 28784184 PMCID: PMC5545839 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of novel inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines against different strains of prevailing and emerging low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses is not an economically viable option for poultry. Engineering attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) vaccine delivering H5 LPAI antigens can be employed as a bivalent vaccine against fowl typhoid and LPAI viruses, while still offering economic viability and sero-surveillance capacity. In this study, we developed a JOL1814 bivalent vaccine candidate against LPAI virus infection and fowl typhoid by engineering the attenuated S. Gallinarum to deliver the globular head (HA1) domain of hemagglutinin protein from H5 LPAI virus through pMMP65 constitutive expression plasmid. The important feature of the developed JOL1814 was the delivery of the HA1 antigen to cytosol of peritoneal macrophages. Immunization of chickens with JOL1814 produced significant level of humoral, mucosal, cellular and IL-2, IL-4, IL-17 and IFN-γ cytokine immune response against H5 HA1 and S. Gallinarum antigens in the immunized chickens. Post-challenge, only the JOL1814 immunized chicken showed significantly faster clearance of H5N3 virus in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, and 90% survival rate against lethal challenge with a wild type S. Gallinarum. Furthermore, the JOL1814 immunized were differentiated from the H5N3 LPAI virus infected chickens by matrix (M2) gene-specific real-time PCR. In conclusion, the data from the present showed that the JOL1814 can be an effective bivalent vaccine candidate against H5N3 LPAI and fowl typhoid infection in poultry while still offering sero-surveillance property against H5 avian influenza virus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Chickens/immunology
- Chickens/microbiology
- Chickens/virology
- Genetic Engineering/methods
- Genetic Engineering/veterinary
- Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/prevention & control
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Poultry Diseases/immunology
- Poultry Diseases/microbiology
- Poultry Diseases/prevention & control
- Poultry Diseases/virology
- Salmonella/immunology
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/immunology
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/prevention & control
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/therapeutic use
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Machindra Kamble
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju, 570-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Je Hyoung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju, 570-752 Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju, 570-752 Republic of Korea
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Petukhova GD, Losev IV, Isakova-Sivak IN, Rudenko LG. Influence of Individual Mutations in Genes Coding Internal Proteins of the Influenza A Virus on Formation of Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Mice. MOLECULAR GENETICS, MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416817030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schulze K, Ebensen T, Riese P, Prochnow B, Lehr CM, Guzmán CA. New Horizons in the Development of Novel Needle-Free Immunization Strategies to Increase Vaccination Efficacy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 398:207-234. [PMID: 27370343 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The young twenty-first century has already brought several medical advances, such as a functional artificial human liver created from stem cells, improved antiviral (e.g., against HIV) and cancer (e.g., against breast cancer) therapies, interventions controlling cardiovascular diseases, and development of new and optimized vaccines (e.g., HPV vaccine). However, despite this substantial progress and the achievements of the last century, humans still suffer considerably from diseases, especially from infectious diseases. Thus, almost one-fourth of all deaths worldwide are caused directly or indirectly by infectious agents. Although vaccination has led to the control of many diseases, including smallpox, diphtheria, and tetanus, emerging diseases are still not completely contained. Furthermore, pathogens such as Bordetella pertussis undergo alterations making adaptation of the respective vaccine necessary. Moreover, insufficient implementation of vaccination campaigns leads to re-emergence of diseases which were believed to be already under control (e.g., poliomyelitis). Therefore, novel vaccination strategies need to be developed in order to meet the current challenges including lack of compliance, safety issues, and logistic constraints. In this context, mucosal and transdermal approaches constitute promising noninvasive vaccination strategies able to match these demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Peggy Riese
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Blair Prochnow
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
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Ainai A, Suzuki T, Tamura SI, Hasegawa H. Intranasal Administration of Whole Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine as a Promising Influenza Vaccine Candidate. Viral Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28650274 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the current influenza vaccine, an inactivated virus vaccine administered by subcutaneous/intramuscular injection, is limited to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal influenza outbreaks. Intranasal vaccination, by contrast, mimics natural infection and induces not only systemic IgG antibodies but also local secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibodies found on the surface of the mucosal epithelium in the upper respiratory tract. S-IgA antibodies are highly effective at preventing virus infection. Although the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) administered intranasally can induce local antibodies, this vaccine is restricted to healthy populations aged 2-49 years because of safety concerns associated with using live viruses in a vaccine. Instead of LAIV, an intranasal vaccine made with inactivated virus could be applied to high-risk populations, including infants and elderly adults. Normally, a mucosal adjuvant would be required to enhance the effect of intranasal vaccination with an inactivated influenza vaccine. However, we found that intranasal administration of a concentrated, whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine without any mucosal adjuvant was enough to induce local neutralizing S-IgA antibodies in the nasal epithelium of healthy individuals with some immunological memory for seasonal influenza viruses. This intranasal vaccine is a novel candidate that could improve on the current injectable vaccine or the LAIV for the prevention of seasonal influenza epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
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Cao W, Kim JH, Reber AJ, Hoelscher M, Belser JA, Lu X, Katz JM, Gangappa S, Plante M, Burt DS, Sambhara S. Nasal delivery of Protollin-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine induces enhanced systemic as well as mucosal immunity in mice. Vaccine 2017; 35:3318-3325. [PMID: 28499553 PMCID: PMC7115484 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protollin-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine enhanced serum protective antibody responses and mucosal IgA responses. Protollin-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine increased the early B cell response in the lymph nodes and spleen. Protollin-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine increased the frequency of Ag-specific antibody secreting cells and T cells. Protollin-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine conferred enhanced protection against viral challenge.
Sporadic, yet frequent human infections with avian H5N1 influenza A viruses continue to pose a potential pandemic threat. Poor immunogenicity of unadjuvanted H5N1 vaccines warrants developing novel adjuvants and formulations as well as alternate delivery systems to improve their immunogenicity and efficacy. Here, we show that Protollin, a nasal adjuvant composed of Neisseria meningitides outer membrane proteins non-covalently linked to Shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide, is a potent nasal adjuvant for an inactivated split virion H5N1 clade 1 A/Viet Nam1203/2004 (A/VN/1203/04) vaccine in a mouse model. Protollin-adjuvanted vaccines elicited enhanced serum protective hemagglutination inhibition titers, mucosal IgA responses, and H5N1-specific cell-mediated immunity that resulted in complete protection against a lethal challenge with a homologous virus as well as a heterologous clade 2 virus A/Indonesia/05/2005 (A/IN/05/05). Detailed analysis of adaptive immunity revealed that Protollin increased the frequency of lymphoid- as well as local tissue-resident antibody-secreting cells, local germinal center reaction of B cells, broad-spectrum of CD4 T cell response. Our findings suggest that nasal delivery of H5N1 vaccine with Protollin adjuvant can overcome the poor immunogenicity of H5N1 vaccines, induce both cellular and humoral immune responses, enhance protection against challenge with clade 1 and clade 2 H5N1 viruses and achieve significant antigen dose-sparing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Cao
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jin Hyang Kim
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Adrian J Reber
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mary Hoelscher
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Xiuhua Lu
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | | | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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35
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Tamura SI, Ainai A, Suzuki T, Kurata T, Hasegawa H. Intranasal Inactivated Influenza Vaccines: a Reasonable Approach to Improve the Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine? Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 69:165-79. [PMID: 27212584 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a contagious, acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. The mucosal lining in the host respiratory tract is not only the site of virus infection, but also the site of defense; it is at this site that the host immune response targets the virus and protects against reinfection. One of the most effective methods to prevent influenza is to induce specific antibody (Ab) responses in the respiratory tract by vaccination. Two types of influenza vaccines, intranasal live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines and parenteral (injectable) inactivated vaccines, are currently used worldwide. These vaccines are approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration. Live attenuated vaccines induce both secretory IgA (S-IgA) and serum IgG antibodies (Abs), whereas parenteral vaccines induce only serum IgG Abs. However, intranasal administration of inactivated vaccines together with an appropriate adjuvant induces both S-IgA and IgG Abs. Several preclinical studies on adjuvant-combined, nasal-inactivated vaccines revealed that nasal S-IgA Abs, a major immune component in the upper respiratory tract, reacted with homologous virus hemagglutinin (HA) and were highly cross-reactive with viral HA variants, resulting in protection and cross-protection against infection by both homologous and variant viruses, respectively. Serum-derived IgG Abs, which are present mainly in the lower respiratory tract, are less cross-reactive and cross-protective. In addition, our own clinical trials have shown that nasal-inactivated whole virus vaccines, including a built-in adjuvant (single-stranded RNA), induced serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) Ab titers that fulfilled the EMA criteria for vaccine efficacy. The nasal-inactivated whole virus vaccines also induced high levels of nasal HI and neutralizing Ab titers, although we have not yet evaluated the nasal HI titers due to the lack of official criteria to establish efficacy based on this parameter. Data suggest that adjuvant-combined nasal-inactivated vaccines have advantages over the current injectable vaccine because the former induce both S-IgA and serum IgG Abs. In addition, nasal-inactivated vaccines seem to be superior to the LAIV vaccines, because non-infectious preparations could be used in high-risk groups. Thus, the development of intranasal inactivated vaccines is recommended, because such vaccines are expected to improve the efficacy of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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Wu H, Bao Y, Wang X, Zhou D, Wu W. Alkyl polyglycoside, a highly promising adjuvant in intranasal split influenza vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1-9. [PMID: 28129034 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1278098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viral infections are significant global public health concerns due to the morbidity and mortality associated with acute respiratory disease, secondary complications, and pandemic threats; thus, continuous efforts have been made to develop potent influenza vaccines. In this study, 3 different mucosal adjuvants-alkyl polyglycoside (APG), gellan gum, and chitosan (CS)-were evaluated for their efficacy in intranasal A/H1N1 or B split influenza vaccines administered to BALB/c mice. Protective immunity was monitored by serum analysis for IgG, hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and neutralizing antibody levels, as well as mucosal IgA levels in nasal and pulmonary lavage fluids. Survival, body weight, lung viral titer, and pulmonary immunopathology were also examined following lethal influenza challenge. Notably, all adjuvants amplified the IgG and IgA immune responses (not detected in immunization of influenza B) and increased survival rate compared with controls administered adjuvant-free intranasal vaccines. Alternatively, intramuscular immunization stimulated IgG production, but had no effect on IgA levels. Our collective analysis identified that APG was the most effective intranasal adjuvant, as all mice survived influenza challenge with limited body weight loss, viral titer, and pulmonary pathology, similar to those observed with intramuscular vaccination. This evidence supports that APG can elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity, and may be an effective adjuvant in intranasal split influenza A/H1N1 and B vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- a National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuanyuan Bao
- a National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiang Wang
- b Vaccine Research Center, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- b Vaccine Research Center, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Wenzhe Wu
- a National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , China
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37
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Ren ST, Zhang XM, Sun PF, Sun LJ, Guo X, Tian T, Zhang J, Guo QY, Li X, Guo LJ, Che J, Wang B, Zhang H. Intranasal Immunization Using Mannatide as a Novel Adjuvant for an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine and Its Adjuvant Effect Compared with MF59. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169501. [PMID: 28052136 PMCID: PMC5215226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal vaccination is more potent than parenteral injection for the prevention of influenza. However, because the poor efficiency of antigen uptake across the nasal mucosa is a key issue, immunostimulatory adjuvants are essential for intranasal vaccines. The immunomodulator mannatide or polyactin (PA) has been used for the clinical treatment of impaired immunity in China, but its adjuvant effect on an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (ITIV) via intranasal vaccination is unclear. To explore the adjuvant effect of PA, an inactivated trivalent influenza virus with or without PA or MF59 was instilled intranasally once a week in BALB/c mice. Humoral immunity was assessed by both the ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) methods using antigen-specific antibodies. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the IFN-γ level were measured to evaluate cell-mediated immunity. The post-vaccination serum HI antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) for the H1N1 and H3N2 strains, antigen-specific serum IgG and IgA GMTs, mucosal SIgA GMT, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the high-dose PA-adjuvanted vaccine group. The seroconversion rate and the mucosal response for the H3N2 strain were significantly elevated after high-dose PA administration. These adjuvant effects of high-dose PA for the influenza vaccine were comparable with those of the MF59 adjuvant, and abnormal signs or pathological changes were not found in the evaluated organs. In conclusion, PA is a novel mucosal adjuvant for intranasal vaccination with the ITIV that has safe and effective mucosal adjuvanticity in mice and successfully induces both serum and mucosal antibody responses and a cell-mediated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (STR); (HZ); (BW)
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an City Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Reagent R&D Dep. Scientific Research Management Center, Capital Bio Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Guo
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Guo
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Xue Li
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Li-Jun Guo
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Jin Che
- Therapeutic Vaccines Engineering Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Therapeutic Vaccines Engineering Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (STR); (HZ); (BW)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an Medical University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (STR); (HZ); (BW)
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Cai M, Wang C, Li Y, Gu H, Sun S, Duan Y, Lai C, Wang K, Yang X, Xing L, Zhang P, Wang Z, Zhang S, Guo X, Liu S, Tong Y, Wang X, Yang P. Virus-like particle vaccine by intranasal vaccination elicits protective immunity against respiratory syncytial viral infection in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:74-82. [PMID: 27974288 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory infection in infants and children, but there is still no licensed vaccine available. In this report, we developed virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines based on the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system, consisting of an influenza virus matrix (M1) protein and the RSV fusion protein (F) or glycoprotein (G). These RSV VLPs were identified by western blot analysis and electron microscopy. Female BALB/c mice immunized intranasally (i.n.) with RSV-F VLPs, RSV-G VLPs, or both showed viral-specific antibody responses against RSV. Total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and mucosal IgA were detected in mice with RSV-F plus RSV-G VLPs, revealing potent cellular and mucosal immune responses. Moreover, we found that these mixed RSV VLPs conferred enhanced protection against live RSV challenges, showing significant decreases in lung viral replication and obvious attenuation of histopathological changes associated with viral infections. These results demonstrate that RSV-F plus RSV-G VLPs by intranasal vaccination is a promising vaccine candidate that warrants further evaluation using cotton rat and primate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Cai
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Beijing 307 Hospital, Affiliated to Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Sujing Sun
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yueqiang Duan
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chengcai Lai
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Keyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Li Xing
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Shubing Liu
- Beijing 307 Hospital, Affiliated to Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing 100071, China
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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39
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Toward Mucosal DNA Delivery: Structural Modularity in Vaccine Platform Design. MICRO AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT 2017. [PMCID: PMC7152392 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-39981-4.00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus is a small, nonenveloped RNA virus that is feco-orally transmitted and causes viral hepatitis in humans. A virus-like particle (VLP) expressed and purified from insect cells shares several properties with the virion but can be manipulated quite extensively through genetic engineering or chemical modification. This has exciting implications for exploiting the VLP as a nanocarrier for foreign epitopes or encapsulated deliverables. By exhaustively studying the structure of the virus, we have been successful in designing and synthesizing chimerized VLPs that either carry foreign epitopes, are capable of encapsulating foreign DNA, or both. Preliminary studies show that these particles provide specific and strong immune responses in mice when orally delivered. To appreciate the full potential of HEV VLPs, we have highlighted various properties of the virus with a strong focus on the VLP structure and the key features that make it suitable for oral delivery.
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Lambkin-Williams R, Gelder C, Broughton R, Mallett CP, Gilbert AS, Mann A, He D, Oxford JS, Burt D. An Intranasal Proteosome-Adjuvanted Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Is Safe, Immunogenic & Efficacious in the Human Viral Influenza Challenge Model. Serum IgG & Mucosal IgA Are Important Correlates of Protection against Illness Associated with Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163089. [PMID: 28005959 PMCID: PMC5179046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A Proteosome-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (P-TIV) administered intra-nasally was shown to be safe, well tolerated and immunogenic in both systemic and mucosal compartments, and effective at preventing illness associated with evidence of influenza infection. METHODS In two separate studies using the human viral challenge model, subjects were selected to be immunologically naive to A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2) virus and then dosed via nasal spray with one of three regimens of P-TIV or placebo. One or two doses, 15 μg or 30 μg, were given either once only or twice 14 days apart (1 x 30 μg, 2 x 30 μg, 2 x 15 μg) and subjects were challenged with A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2) virus. Immune responses to the vaccine antigens were measured by haemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) and nasal wash secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies. RESULTS Vaccine reactogenicity was mild, predictable and generally consistent with earlier Phase I studies with this vaccine. Seroconversion to A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2), following vaccination but prior to challenge, occurred in 57% to 77% of subjects in active dosing groups and 2% of placebo subjects. The greatest relative rise in sIgA, following vaccination but prior to challenge, was observed in groups that received 2 doses. CONCLUSION Intranasal vaccination significantly protected against influenza (as defined by influenza symptoms combined with A/Panama seroconversion) following challenge with A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2). When data were pooled from both studies, efficacy ranged from 58% to 82% in active dosing groups for any influenza symptoms with seroconversion, 67% to 85% for systemic or lower respiratory illness and seroconversion, and 65% to 100% for febrile illness and seroconversion. The two dose regimen was found to be superior to the single dose regimen. In this study, protection against illness associated with evidence of influenza infection (evidence determined by seroconversion) following challenge with virus, significantly correlated with pre-challenge HAI titres (p = 0.0003) and mucosal sIgA (p≤0.0001) individually, and HAI (p = 0.028) and sIgA (p = 0.0014) together. HAI and sIgA levels were inversely related to rates of illness. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02522754.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Lambkin-Williams
- hVIVO Group PLC., Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Gelder
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS|| Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Broughton
- ID Biomedical Corporation of Québec, 7150 Frederick Banting, Saint-Laurent, Québec, Canada
| | - Corey P. Mallett
- ID Biomedical Corporation of Québec, 7150 Frederick Banting, Saint-Laurent, Québec, Canada
| | - Anthony S. Gilbert
- hVIVO Group PLC., Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Mann
- hVIVO Group PLC., Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - David He
- Analytical Solutions Group, Inc., 14730 Soft Wind Drive, North Potomac, MD, United States of America
| | - John S. Oxford
- Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Burt
- ID Biomedical Corporation of Québec, 7150 Frederick Banting, Saint-Laurent, Québec, Canada
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Boikos C, Joseph L, Martineau C, Papenburg J, Scheifele D, Lands LC, De Serres G, Chilvers M, Quach C. Influenza Virus Detection Following Administration of Live-Attenuated Intranasal Influenza Vaccine in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Their Healthy Siblings. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw187. [PMID: 27747255 PMCID: PMC5063549 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. We aimed to explore the detection profile of influenza viruses following live-attenuated intranasal influenza vaccination (LAIV) in children aged 2-19 years with and without cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods. Before the 2013-2014 influenza season, flocked nasal swabs were obtained before vaccination and 4 times in the week of follow-up from 76 participants (nCF: 57; nhealthy: 19). Influenza was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. A Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model was used to estimate the effect of CF status and age on influenza detection. Results. Overall, 69% of the study cohort shed influenza RNA during follow-up. The mean duration of RT-PCR detection was 2.09 days (95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.73-2.48). The odds of influenza RNA detection on day 1 following vaccination decreased with age in years (odds ratio [OR]: 0.82 per year; 95% CrI: 0.70-0.95), and subjects with CF had higher odds of influenza RNA detection on day 1 of follow-up (OR: 5.09; 95% CrI: 1.02-29.9). Conclusion. Despite the small sample size, our results indicate that LAIV vaccine strains are detectable during the week after LAIV, mainly in younger individuals and vaccinees with CF. It remains unclear whether recommendations for avoiding contact with severely immunocompromised patients should differ for these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Boikos
- Department of Epidemiology , Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University , Montreal
| | - Lawrence Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology , Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University , Montreal
| | - Christine Martineau
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec , Institut national de santé publique du Québec
| | - Jesse Papenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University; McGill University Health Centre, Vaccine Study Centre, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, Quebec
| | - David Scheifele
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia
| | - Larry C Lands
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine , Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , Quebec
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Direction des risques biologiques et de la santé au travail , Institut national de santé publique du Québec
| | - Mark Chilvers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of British Columbia , Canada
| | - Caroline Quach
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University; McGill University Health Centre, Vaccine Study Centre, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, Quebec; Direction des risques biologiques et de la santé au travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec
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Seasonal influenza vaccines and hurdles to mutual protection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22 Suppl 5:S113-S119. [PMID: 27568914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
While vaccines against seasonal influenza are available, major hurdles still exist that prevent their use having any impact on epidemic spread. Recent epidemiologic data question the appropriateness of traditional vaccination timing (prior to the winter season) in many parts of the world. Furthermore, vaccine uptake in most countries even in high-risk populations does not reach the 75% target recommended by the World Health Organization. Influenza viruses continually undergo antigenic variation, and both inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines confer only short-lived strain-specific immunity, so annual revaccination is required. Improving vaccine-induced immunity is therefore an important goal. A vaccine that could confer durable protection against emerging influenza strains could significantly reduce onward transmission. Therefore, further understanding of protective immunity against influenza (including broadly cross-protective immune mechanisms such as haemagglutinin stem-binding antibodies and T cells) offers the hope of vaccines that can confer the long-lived heterosubtypic immune responses required for mutual protection.
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Tomar J, Born PA, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Dry influenza vaccines: towards a stable, effective and convenient alternative to conventional parenteral influenza vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1431-1447. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1182869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Mohan T, Kim J, Berman Z, Wang S, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Co-delivery of GPI-anchored CCL28 and influenza HA in chimeric virus-like particles induces cross-protective immunity against H3N2 viruses. J Control Release 2016; 233:208-19. [PMID: 27178810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza infection typically initiates at respiratory mucosal surfaces. Induction of immune responses at the sites where pathogens initiate replication is crucial for the prevention of infection. We studied the adjuvanticity of GPI-anchored CCL28 co-incorporated with influenza HA-antigens in chimeric virus-like particles (cVLPs), in boosting strong protective immune responses through an intranasal (i.n.) route in mice. We compared the immune responses to that from influenza VLPs without CCL28, or physically mixed with soluble CCL28 at systemic and various mucosal compartments. The cVLPs containing GPI-CCL28 showed in-vitro chemotactic activity towards spleen and lung cells expressing CCR3/CCR10 chemokine receptors. The cVLPs induced antigen specific endpoint titers and avidity indices of IgG in sera and IgA in tracheal, lung, and intestinal secretions, significantly higher (4-6 fold) than other formulations. Significantly higher (3-5 fold) hemagglutination inhibition titers and high serum neutralization against H3N2 viruses were also detected with CCL28-containing VLPs compared to other groups. The CCL28-containing VLPs showed complete and 80% protection, when vaccinated animals were challenged with A/Aichi/2/1968/H3N2 (homologous) and A/Philippines/2/1982/H3N2 (heterologous) viruses, respectively. Thus, GPI-anchored CCL28 in influenza VLPs act as a strong immunostimulator at both systemic and mucosal sites, boosting significant cross-protection in animals against heterologous viruses across a large distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jongrok Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zachary Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Abstract
Pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses are a constant public health threat with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prophylaxis is hard to realize, but immunization provides an efficient tool to control the disease. Despite most infections occurring at or through mucosal surfaces, vaccines are predominantly administered parenterally. Recently it has been suggested that vaccines applied via mucosal surfaces may be a viable novel approach. A number of clinical studies have proven live attenuated influenza vaccine given intranasally to have equivalent or superior immunogenicity and efficacy at the upper and lower respiratory tract compared with systemic intramuscular vaccination. Intranasal application provides easy administration facilitating mass immunization campaigns which requires no strictly sterile injection and is painless to recipients.
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Saito S, Ainai A, Suzuki T, Harada N, Ami Y, Yuki Y, Takeyama H, Kiyono H, Tsukada H, Hasegawa H. The effect of mucoadhesive excipient on the nasal retention time of and the antibody responses induced by an intranasal influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:1201-7. [PMID: 26802605 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, we reported that intranasal vaccination of humans with whole inactivated influenza vaccine in the absence of mucosal adjuvant induced neutralizing antibody responses in the serum and nasal mucus. The mucoadhesive excipient carboxy-vinyl polymer (CVP) increases the viscosity and therefore mucoadhesiveness of intranasal medicaments and is an authorized excipient in Japan. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of adding CVP on intranasal whole inactivated influenza vaccine antigen dynamics and antibody responses. METHODS Mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs) were intranasally administered the [(18)F]-radiolabeled vaccine and subjected to positron emission tomography analysis for 6h. Dendritic cells were stimulated in vitro with the vaccine mixed with or without a mucosal adjuvant (Ampligen) and/or CVP, after which the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-β levels in the supernatants were measured. Cynomolgus monkeys were immunized intranasally with the vaccine mixed with Ampligen and/or CVP and their vaccine-specific serum IgG and IgA titers were measured on days 0 and 33. RESULTS The vaccine was retained significantly longer in the nasal cavity of both mice and NHPs when it was delivered with CVP rather than PBS. Accumulation of the radiolabeled vaccine in the central nervous system was not detected in either model regardless of whether CVP was used. CVP only very weakly increased the TNF-α production of vaccine-stimulated dendritic cells. IFN-β production was not observed regardless of the presence or absence of CVP. CVP increased the vaccine-specific IgA antibody responses of the intranasally vaccinated cynomolgus macaques. CONCLUSION CVP increased intranasal retention of whole inactivated influenza vaccine, did not promote antigen redirection to the central nervous system, and improved mucosal antibody responses. The mechanism probably relates to its mucoadhesive properties rather than its ability to directly stimulate the immune system. Intranasal vaccines with CVP may be a promising candidate vaccine formulation for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Saito
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- PET Center, Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- PET Center, Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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He F, Leyrer S, Kwang J. Strategies towards universal pandemic influenza vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 15:215-25. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonja Leyrer
- Emergent Product Development Germany GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Jimmy Kwang
- Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Noh HJ, Chowdhury MYE, Cho S, Kim JH, Park HS, Kim CJ, Poo H, Sung MH, Lee JS, Lim YT. Programming of Influenza Vaccine Broadness and Persistence by Mucoadhesive Polymer-Based Adjuvant Systems. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26216889 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of an anti-influenza vaccine with the potential for cross-protection against seasonal drift variants as well as occasionally emerging reassortant viruses is essential. In this study, we successfully generated a novel anti-influenza vaccine system combining conserved matrix protein 2 (sM2) and stalk domain of hemagglutinin (HA2) fusion protein (sM2HA2) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-based vaccine adjuvant systems that can act as a mucoadhesive delivery vehicle of sM2HA2 as well as a robust strategy for the incorporation of hydrophobic immunostimulatory 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and QS21. Intranasal coadministration of sM2HA2 and the combination adjuvant γ-PGA/MPL/QS21 (CA-PMQ) was able to induce a high degree of protective mucosal, systemic, and cell-mediated immune responses. The sM2HA2/CA-PMQ immunization was able to prevent disease symptoms, confering complete protection against lethal infection with divergent influenza subtypes (H5N1, H1N1, H5N2, H7N3, and H9N2) that lasted for at least 6 mo. Therefore, our data suggest that mucosal administration of sM2HA2 in combination with CA-PMQ could be a potent strategy for a broad cross-protective influenza vaccine, and CA-PMQ as a mucosal adjuvant could be used for effective mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jong Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Mohammed Y E Chowdhury
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Seonghun Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea; and
| | - Moon-Hee Sung
- Department of Advanced Fermentation Fusion Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, South Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea;
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Suwon 440-746, South Korea;
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Pabst R. Mucosal vaccination by the intranasal route. Nose-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT)-Structure, function and species differences. Vaccine 2015. [PMID: 26196324 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The advantage of mucosal vaccination in viral and bacterial infections in different age groups is of enormous clinical relevance. The advantages and potential hazards of intranasal vaccination have always to be considered. The intranasal route for vaccination is very successful for some antigens. Specific adjuvants are necessary. In the nose of rodents there is a structured lymphoid tissue (nose-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT)). This abbreviation should not be used for nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, as this includes parts of the tonsils. In children lymphoid tissue is more dispersed in the nose and not concentrated at the bottom of the dorsal nose ducts as in rodents. There are no data on organized lymphoid tissue in the nose of adults. In NALT of rodents there is a unique structure of adhesion molecule expression; the postnatal development and the different composition of T and B lymphocytes in comparison with Peyer's patches document the uniqueness of this lymphoid organ. There is also a mucosa in the nose with antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Thus, it is often unclear whether intranasal vaccination is initiated via NALT or the diffuse nasal mucosa. There are still many open questions e. g., which adjuvant is necessary for a specific virus, bacterium or other allergen, how many doses are critical for an effective nasal vaccination. Species differences are of major importance when extrapolating results from rodents to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Pabst
- Institute of Immunomorphology Centre of Anatomy Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Mucosally administered Lactobacillus surface-displayed influenza antigens (sM2 and HA2) with cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) Induce broadly protective immune responses against divergent influenza subtypes. Vet Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26210951 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of a universal influenza vaccine that provides broad cross protection against existing and unforeseen influenza viruses is a critical challenge. In this study, we constructed and expressed conserved sM2 and HA2 influenza antigens with cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) on the surface of Lactobacillus casei (pgsA-CTA1sM2HA2/L. casei). Oral and nasal administrations of recombinant L. casei into mice resulted in high levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and their isotypes (IgG1 & IgG2a) as well as mucosal IgA. The mucosal administration of pgsA-CTA1sM2HA2/L. casei may also significantly increase the levels of sM2- or HA2-specific cell-mediated immunity because increased release of both IFN-γ and IL-4 was observed. The recombinant pgsA-CTA1sM2HA2/L. casei provided better protection of BALB/c mice against 10 times the 50% mouse lethal doses (MLD50) of homologous A/EM/Korea/W149/06(H5N1) or A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W81/2005 (H5N2) and heterologous A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1), or A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004(H9N2) or A/Philippines/2/08(H3N2) viruses, compared with L. casei harboring sM2HA2 and also the protection was maintained up to seven months after administration. These results indicate that recombinant L. casei expressing the highly conserved sM2, HA2 of influenza and CTA1 as a mucosal adjuvant could be a potential mucosal vaccine candidate or tool to protect against divergent influenza viruses for human and animal.
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