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Farder-Gomes CF, Miranda FR, Fernandes KM, Bernardes RC, Sena Bastos DS, Licursi de Oliveira L, Martins GF, Serrão JE. Exposure to low-concentration fipronil impairs survival, behavior, midgut morphology and physiology of Aedes aegypti larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142240. [PMID: 38705417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector for various arboviruses, including dengue and yellow fever. Insecticides, such as pyrethroids and organophosphates, are widely used to manage and control these insects. However, mosquitoes have developed resistance to these chemicals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the commercial formulation of fipronil (Tuit® Florestal; 80% purity) on the survival, behavior, morphology, and proteins related to signaling pathways of the midgut in A. aegypti larvae under controlled laboratory conditions. Significant reductions in immature survival were observed in all concentrations of fipronil tested. Low insecticide concentration (0.5 ppb) led to decreased locomotor activity in the larvae and caused disorganization of the epithelial tissue in the midgut. Moreover, exposure to the insecticide decreased the activity of detoxifying enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. On the other hand, the insecticide increased protein oxidation and nitric oxide levels. The detection of LC3, caspase-3, and JNK proteins, related to autophagy and apoptosis, increased after exposure. However, there was a decrease in the positive cells for ERK 1/2. Furthermore, the treatment with fipronil decreased the number of positive cells for the proteins FMRF, Prospero, PH3, Wg, Armadillo, Notch, and Delta, which are related to cell proliferation and differentiation. These findings demonstrate that even at low concentrations, fipronil exerts larvicidal effects on A. aegypti by affecting behavior and enzymatic detoxification, inducing protein oxidation, free radical generation, midgut damage and cell death, and inhibiting cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, this insecticide may represent a viable alternative for controlling the spread of this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciane Rosa Miranda
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Silva Sena Bastos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
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Müller JN, Galardo AKR, Corrêa APSDA, Macoris MDLDG, de Melo-Santos MAV, Nakazawa MM, Martins AJ, Lima JBP. Impact of SumiLarv ® 2MR on Aedes aegypti larvae: a multicenter study in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:88. [PMID: 38409019 PMCID: PMC10895835 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is associated with dengue, Zika, and chikungunya transmission. These arboviruses are responsible for national outbreaks with severe public health implications. Vector control is one of the tools used to prevent mosquito proliferation, and SumiLarv® 2MR is an alternative commercial product based on pyriproxyfen for larval/pupal control. In this study, the residual effectiveness of SumiLarv® 2MR in different regions of Brazil was evaluated in simulated field conditions. METHODS We conducted a multicenter study across four Brazilian states-Amapá, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo-given the importance to the country's climatic variances in the north, northeast, and southeast regions and their influence on product efficiency. The populations of Ae. aegypti from each location were held in an insectary. Third-instar larvae (L3) were added every 2 weeks to water containers with SumiLarv® 2MR discs in 250-, 500- and 1000-l containers in Amapá and Rio de Janeiro, and 100-l containers in Pernambuco and São Paulo, using concentrations of 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16 mg/l. RESULTS Adult emergence inhibition over 420 days was observed in all tests conducted at a concentration of 0.16 mg/l; inhibition for 308-420 days was observed for 0.08 mg/l, and 224-420 days for 0.04 mg/l. CONCLUSIONS Sumilarv® 2MR residual activity demonstrated in this study suggests that this new pyriproxyfen formulation is a promising alternative for Aedes control, regardless of climatic variations and ideal concentration, since the SumiLarv® 2MR showed adult emergence inhibition of over 80% and residual activity greater than 6 months, a period longer than that recommended by the Ministry of Health of Brazil between product re-application in larval breeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Nogueira Müller
- Laboratory of Biology, Control and Surveillance of Vector Insects-LBCVIV FIOCRUZ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá-IEPA, Macapá, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá-IEPA, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sales de Andrade Corrêa
- Laboratory of Biology, Control and Surveillance of Vector Insects-LBCVIV FIOCRUZ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá-IEPA, Macapá, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratory of Biology, Control and Surveillance of Vector Insects-LBCVIV FIOCRUZ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratory of Biology, Control and Surveillance of Vector Insects-LBCVIV FIOCRUZ/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Davila-Barboza JA, Gutierrez-Rodriguez SM, Juache-Villagrana AE, Lopez-Monroy B, Flores AE. Widespread Resistance to Temephos in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Mexico. INSECTS 2024; 15:120. [PMID: 38392539 PMCID: PMC10889149 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Organic synthetic insecticides continue to be part of the arsenal for combating vector-borne diseases in Mexico. Larvicides are a fundamental part of the process in programs for mosquito control, temephos being one of the most widely used in Mexico. In the present study, we analyzed the frequency of temephos resistance in twenty-three Aedes aegypti populations using the discriminating concentration (DC) of 0.012 mg/L. We also tested 5× DC (0.6 mg/L) and 10× DC (0.12 mg/L) of temephos. The resistance distribution to temephos was interpolated to unsampled sites using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. The populations of Ae. aegypti showed a high frequency of resistance (1× DC) with mortality rates below 93% in 22 of the 23 populations analyzed. Moderate resistance intensity (5× DC) was found in 78% of the populations, and high intensity (10× DC) in 30%. Predicted mortality was below 60% in the populations of the Pacific Coast, along the Gulf of Mexico, and in the state of Coahuila in Northeastern Mexico in relation to 1× DC; the Pacific Coast and Northeast patterns hold for 5× and 10× DC. The results suggest the need for rotation of the larvicide to effectively control the larval populations of the vector in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus A Davila-Barboza
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Selene M Gutierrez-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Alan E Juache-Villagrana
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Monroy
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico
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Almeida AR, Morais WA, Oliveira ND, Silva WCG, Gomes APB, Espindola LS, Araujo MO, Araujo RM, Albernaz LC, De Sousa DP, Aragão CFS, Ferreira LS. Nanoemulsions and Solid Microparticles Containing Pentyl Cinnamate to Control Aedes aegypti. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12141. [PMID: 37569517 PMCID: PMC10419096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of severe diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. The most commonly used industrial larvicides have considerable toxicity for non-target organisms. This study aimed to develop and evaluate liquid and solid carrier systems to use pentyl cinnamate (PC), derived from natural sources, to control Ae. aegypti larvae. The liquid systems consisting of nanoemulsions with different lecithins systems were obtained and evaluated for stability over 30 days. Microparticles (MPs) were obtained by the spray drying of the nanoemulsions using maltodextrin as an adjuvant. Thermal, NMR and FTIR analysis indicated the presence of PC in microparticles. Indeed, the best nanoemulsion system was also the most stable and generated the highest MP yield. The PC larvicidal activity was increased in the PC nanoemulsion system. Therefore, it was possible to develop, characterize and obtain PC carrier systems active against Ae. aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison R. Almeida
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.R.A.); (W.A.M.); (N.D.O.); (W.C.G.S.)
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.P.B.G.); (C.F.S.A.)
| | - Waldenice A. Morais
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.R.A.); (W.A.M.); (N.D.O.); (W.C.G.S.)
| | - Nicolas D. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.R.A.); (W.A.M.); (N.D.O.); (W.C.G.S.)
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.P.B.G.); (C.F.S.A.)
| | - Wilken C. G. Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.R.A.); (W.A.M.); (N.D.O.); (W.C.G.S.)
| | - Ana P. B. Gomes
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.P.B.G.); (C.F.S.A.)
| | - Laila S. Espindola
- Laboratory of Phamacognosy, Brasília University, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (L.S.E.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Marianna O. Araujo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.O.A.); (D.P.D.S.)
| | - Renata M. Araujo
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil;
| | - Lorena C. Albernaz
- Laboratory of Phamacognosy, Brasília University, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (L.S.E.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Damião P. De Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.O.A.); (D.P.D.S.)
| | - Cicero F. S. Aragão
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.P.B.G.); (C.F.S.A.)
| | - Leandro S. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.P.B.G.); (C.F.S.A.)
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Campos KB, Alomar AA, Eastmond BH, Obara MT, S Dias LD, Rahman RU, Alto BW. Assessment of insecticide resistance of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen, in the northeast region of Brazil. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2023; 48:12-18. [PMID: 37255355 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-48.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vector control has been an essential strategy in Brazil to manage vector-borne diseases, and the use of insecticides plays an important role in this effort. Pyriproxyfen (PPF) has become a common insect growth regulator used to control juvenile stages of mosquitoes by disturbing their growth and development. This study assesses the susceptibility and resistance status of Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations that previously showed low resistance levels to PPF. Eggs of Ae. aegypti were collected from six cities located in the northeast states of Ceará (Quixadá, Icó, and Juazeiro do Norte), and Bahia (Itabuna, Brumado, and Serrinha). We used the Ae. aegypti Rockefeller strain as an experimental control and a strain known to be susceptible to insecticides. Inhibition of emergence rates by 50% of Ae. aegypti populations varied from 0.0098-0.046 µg/L. Mosquitoes from Icó, Serrinha, and Brumado showed low resistance levels [resistance ratio (RR50) = 2.33, 4.52, and 4.83, respectively], whereas moderate levels of resistance were detected in populations from Juazeiro do Norte (RR50=5.83) and Itabuna (RR50=7.88). Aedes aegypti collected from the Quixadá population showed a high resistance level to pyriproxyfen (RR50=11). The evolution of resistance in Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations to PPF can compromise vector control efforts. Continuous monitoring of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is essential for making timely management decisions for effective vector control and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauara B Campos
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília/Distrito Federal CEP 70910-900, Brazil
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Aboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília/ Distrito Federal CEP 70723-040, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Bairro Benfica, Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State CEP 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Abdullah A Alomar
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Bradley H Eastmond
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Marcos T Obara
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília/Distrito Federal CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dos S Dias
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Bairro Benfica, Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State CEP 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Rafi U Rahman
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Bairro Benfica, Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State CEP 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Barry W Alto
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA,
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Asgarian TS, Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Nikpoor F. Worldwide Status of Insecticide Resistance of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, Vectors of Arboviruses of Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika and Yellow Fever. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2023; 17:1-27. [PMID: 37609563 PMCID: PMC10440498 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v17i1.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Controlling of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, vectors of five important mosquito-borne diseases, is known as the most effective method to prevent the transmission of arboviruses to humans, but the emergence of insecticide resistance is threat for control and prevention of vector borne diseases. A better understanding of mosquito resistance to insecticides will help to develop more effective methods to control insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. Methods Worldwide geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus by the available papers and map of the data for carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, microbial and insect growth regulator insecticides were reviewed. Article data published up to December 2022 were investigated by searching the following databases: "Google Scholar", "PubMed", "Scopus", "SID" and "Web of Knowledge". Results The results showed that the susceptibility and resistance status of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to insecticides in the world is very diverse. Conclusion Due to the importance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the transmission of mosquito-borne arboviruses, resistance management should be given more attention worldwide to prevent insecticide resistance in the arbovirus vector and replace the new approach for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Sadat Asgarian
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nikpoor
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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First national-scale evaluation of temephos resistance in Aedes aegypti in Peru. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:254. [PMID: 35818063 PMCID: PMC9397858 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of resistance against insecticides in Aedes aegypti can lead to operational failures in control programs. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal trends of this resistance is needed to drive effective monitoring campaigns, which in turn provide data on which vector control decision-making should be based. Methods Third-stage larvae (L3) from the F1 and F2 generations of 39 Peruvian field populations of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from established laboratory colonies were evaluated for resistance against the organophosphate insecticide temephos. The 39 populations were originally established from eggs collected in the field with ovitraps in eight departments of Peru during 2018 and 2019. Dose–response bioassays, at 11 concentrations of the insecticide, were performed following WHO recommendations. Results Of the 39 field populations of Ae. aegypti tested for resistance to temephos , 11 showed high levels of resistance (resistance ratio [RR] > 10), 16 showed moderate levels of resistance (defined as RR values between 5 and 10) and only 12 were susceptible (RR < 5). The results segregated the study populations into two geographic groups. Most of the populations in the first geographic group, the coastal region, were resistant to temephos, with three populations (AG, CR and LO) showing RR values > 20 (AG 21.5, CR 23.1, LO 39.4). The populations in the second geographic group, the Amazon jungle and the high jungle, showed moderate levels of resistance, with values ranging between 5.1 (JN) and 7.1 (PU). The exception in this geographic group was the population from PM, which showed a RR value of 28.8 to this insecticide. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that Ae. aegypti populations in Peru present different resistance intensities to temephos, 3 years after temephos use was discontinued. Resistance to this larvicide should continue to be monitored because it is possible that resistance to temephos could decrease in the absence of routine selection pressures. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05310-x.
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Morgan J, Salcedo-Sora JE, Triana-Chavez O, Strode C. Expansive and Diverse Phenotypic Landscape of Field Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae with Differential Susceptibility to Temephos: Beyond Metabolic Detoxification. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:192-212. [PMID: 34718656 PMCID: PMC8755997 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are amongst the most significant public health concerns worldwide. Arbovirus control relies on the use of insecticides to control the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), the success of which is threatened by widespread insecticide resistance. The work presented here profiled the gene expression of Ae. aegypti larvae from field populations of Ae. aegypti with differential susceptibility to temephos originating from two Colombian urban locations, Bello and Cúcuta, previously reported to have distinctive disease incidence, socioeconomics, and climate. We demonstrated that an exclusive field-to-lab (Ae. aegypti strain New Orleans) comparison generates an over estimation of differential gene expression (DGE) and that the inclusion of a geographically relevant field control yields a more discrete, and likely, more specific set of genes. The composition of the obtained DGE profiles is varied, with commonly reported resistance associated genes including detoxifying enzymes having only a small representation. We identify cuticle biosynthesis, ion exchange homeostasis, an extensive number of long noncoding RNAs, and chromatin modelling among the differentially expressed genes in field resistant Ae. aegypti larvae. It was also shown that temephos resistant larvae undertake further gene expression responses when temporarily exposed to temephos. The results from the sampling triangulation approach here contribute a discrete DGE profiling with reduced noise that permitted the observation of a greater gene diversity, increasing the number of potential targets for the control of insecticide resistant mosquitoes and widening our knowledge base on the complex phenotypic network of the Ae. aegypti response to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Morgan
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - J Enrique Salcedo-Sora
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Omar Triana-Chavez
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Clare Strode
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Abbasi E, Vahedi M, Bagheri M, Gholizadeh S, Alipour H, Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Monitoring of synthetic insecticides resistance and mechanisms among malaria vector mosquitoes in Iran: A systematic review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08830. [PMID: 35128113 PMCID: PMC8808063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Iran, the prospect of malaria control relies mainly on insecticides used against the genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) as important vectors of malaria, arboviruses, and so on. Only eight out of 30 malaria mosquito vectors (Anopheles species) have been examined for insecticide resistance in Iran. This study aimed to review articles related to the incremental trend in insecticide resistance and their mechanisms among anopheline malaria vectors in Iran. METHODS A literature review was conducted based on such search engines as Iran doc, Web of Science, SID, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar websites using the following keywords: "Anopheles," "Malaria," "Resistance," "Vectors," "Insecticide Resistance," and "Iran" for data collection. Published papers in English or Persian covering 1980 to 2020 were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 1125 articles were screened, only 16 of which were filtered to be pertinent in this review. While most of the mosquito vectors of malaria, such as Anopheles stephensi, were resistant to DDT, dieldrin, malathion, and becoming less susceptible to deltamethrin and other synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, few like Anopheles fluviatilis s. l. were susceptible to all insecticides. A disseminating trend in insecticide resistance among different anopheline mosquito vector species was evident. Metabolic and insecticide target-site resistance mechanisms were involved with organochlorines and pyrethroids, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Insecticide resistance is becoming a severe scourge to the effectiveness of vector-borne disease management measures. This event is especially critical in developing and marginalized communities that applied chemical-based vector elimination programs for malaria; therefore, it is crucial to monitor insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Iran using biochemical and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozaffar Vahedi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Bagheri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saber Gholizadeh
- School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Alipour
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Dept. of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Dept. of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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10
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Miranda FR, Fernandes KM, Farder-Gomes CF, Bernardes RC, Oliveira AHD, Arthidoro de Castro MB, Dourado LA, Oliveira LL, Martins GF, Serrão JE. Exposure to copper sulfate impairs survival, post-embryonic midgut development and reproduction in Aedes aegypti. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 97:105185. [PMID: 34920099 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a vector of several global human viruses responsible for high human morbidity and mortality. The method to prevent the transmission of vector-borne viruses is mainly based on the control of the insect vector using insecticides. Among these chemicals, copper sulfate is a compound widely used in agriculture with the potential to be used as an alternative to control these insects. This study evaluated the effects of the exposure of A. aegypti larvae to copper sulfate on survival, midgut morphology, blood-feeding and fecundity. The exposure to CuSO4 decreased the survival of A. aegypti during the immature phase. Adults obtained from exposed larvae had their lifespan decreased at all tested concentrations. The exposure to CuSO4 impaired the development in the transition from larvae to pupae and from pupae to adult. The number of eggs laid by females developed from larvae treated with CuSO4 was significantly lower than in control. In addition, the egg hatching rates were also negatively affected. The midguts of treated larvae and pupae showed epithelial disorganization. The number of cleaved caspase-3 cells increased in the midgut of exposed pupae compared to control. Moreover, there was a reduction in proliferating cells in treated larvae and pupae compared to the control. In conclusion, the results reveal that CuSO4 exposure has insecticidal activity against A. aegypti, which may be related to the impairment of the midgut metamorphosis and reduced proliferation of stem cells, with the consequent impairment of female mosquito fertility and fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Rosa Miranda
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lídia Aparecida Dourado
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
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11
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da Silva JS, da Silva Pinto AC, Dos Santos LHF, da Silva LJS, da Cruz DLV, Rafael MS. Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of methyl ether dillapiole on the development of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:556-566. [PMID: 34077571 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dillapiole, extracted from Piper aduncum essential oil and its derivatives, has been shown to be a potential alternative to the control of Aedes aegypti, which has become resistant to synthetic insecticides. Methyl ether dillapiole (MED) and temephos (TM) were compared to complement the data on the genotoxicity and developmental changes of Ae. aegypti. Over four generations (G1 -G4 ), third stage larvae were treated with MED at 60, 80 and 100 μg/mL and TM at 0.002, 0.005 and 0.007 μg/mL for 4 h. Adult females were separated to estimate oviposition and hatching rates, and total egg length. Over the four generations, a significant reduction was recorded in oviposition and hatching rates, and in mean egg length (Tukey, P < 0.05), compared with the negative control (NC). Cytological slide preparations were done from adult oocytes and larval neuroblasts. The cumulative effects of genotoxic (bridges, budding and nuclear fragmentation) and mutagenic (micronucleus and chromosomal breakage) damage was observed in the neuroblasts and oocytes of exposed mosquitoes. Developmental changes and damage to the genome of MED-treated Ae. aegypti were greater than those caused by TM. Further studies should focus on understanding the effects of the MED molecule on Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S da Silva
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Conservation, and Evolutionary Biology - PPG - GCBEv, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Coordination of Society, Environment and Health - COSAS; National Institute of Amazonian Research -INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - A C da Silva Pinto
- Coordination of Society, Environment and Health - COSAS; National Institute of Amazonian Research -INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - L H F Dos Santos
- Coordination of Society, Environment and Health - COSAS; National Institute of Amazonian Research -INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - L J S da Silva
- Coordination of Society, Environment and Health - COSAS; National Institute of Amazonian Research -INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - D L V da Cruz
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Conservation, and Evolutionary Biology - PPG - GCBEv, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Coordination of Society, Environment and Health - COSAS; National Institute of Amazonian Research -INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - M S Rafael
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Conservation, and Evolutionary Biology - PPG - GCBEv, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Coordination of Society, Environment and Health - COSAS; National Institute of Amazonian Research -INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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12
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Burtis JC, Poggi JD, McMillan JR, Crans SC, Campbell SR, Isenberg A, Pulver J, Casey P, White K, Zondag C, Badger JR, Berger R, Betz J, Giordano S, Kawalkowski M, Petersen JL, Williams G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Harrington LC. NEVBD Pesticide Resistance Monitoring Network: Establishing a Centralized Network to Increase Regional Capacity for Pesticide Resistance Detection and Monitoring. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:787-797. [PMID: 33128057 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide resistance in arthropod vectors of disease agents is a growing issue globally. Despite the importance of resistance monitoring to inform mosquito control programs, no regional monitoring programs exist in the United States. The Northeastern Regional Center for Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases (NEVBD) is a consortium of researchers and public health practitioners with a primary goal of supporting regional vector control activities. NEVBD initiated a pesticide resistance monitoring program to detect resistant mosquito populations throughout the northeastern United States. A regionwide survey was distributed to vector control agencies to determine needs and refine program development and in response, a specimen submission system was established, allowing agencies to submit Culex pipiens (L.) (Diptera:Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) for pesticide resistance testing. NEVBD also established larvicide resistance diagnostics for Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and methoprene. Additional diagnostics were developed for Cx. pipiens resistance to Lysinibacillus sphaericus. We received 58 survey responses, representing at least one agency from each of the 13 northeastern U.S. states. Results indicated that larvicides were deployed more frequently than adulticides, but rarely paired with resistance monitoring. Over 18,000 mosquitoes were tested from six states. Widespread low-level (1 × LC-99) methoprene resistance was detected in Cx. pipiens, but not in Ae. albopictus. No resistance to Bti or L. sphaericus was detected. Resistance to pyrethroids was detected in many locations for both species. Our results highlight the need for increased pesticide resistance testing in the United States and we provide guidance for building a centralized pesticide resistance testing program.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Burtis
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Joseph D Poggi
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Scott C Crans
- NJDEP Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, Trenton, NJ
| | | | - Amy Isenberg
- Rockland County Department of Health, Pomona, NY
| | | | - Patti Casey
- Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food & Markets, Montpelier, VT
| | | | - Craig Zondag
- Lemon Fair Insect Control District, Weybridge, VT
| | - John R Badger
- Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Mosquito Control Section, Milford, DE
| | - Russell Berger
- Morris County Division of Mosquito Control, Morristown, NJ
| | - John Betz
- Department of Public Works, Cumberland County Mosquito Control, Bridgeton, NJ 08302
| | | | | | - John L Petersen
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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13
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Souza JHM, Barros TÁB, Almeida PP, Vieira SCA, Melo FF, Silva RAA, Tomazi L. Dynamics of Transmission of Urban Arbovirus Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in Southwestern Region of Bahia, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20200670. [PMID: 33681889 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120200670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviral diseases are disseminated all over the world. In Brazil, they remain neglected, alerting public authorities to possible outbreaks. Over here, we report the epidemiological indicators of Dengue from 2010 to 2015, Zika between 2015 and 2016, and Chikungunya from 2014 to 2016, within 19 municipalities of Southwestern Region of Bahia, Brazil. The data were collected from Brazilian national public information systems (SISFAD, SINAN, and IBGE) and by Endemic Control Agents. The analysis consisted of a description of vector characteristics, Home Infestation Index and characterization of human reported cases. The years 2011 and 2013 were recorded as having the highest frequencies of positive properties for the presence of the arboviruse vectors. Most municipalities presented high annual values of Home Infestation Index indicating an alert situation (62.28%). In the evaluated period, there were (i) 9,196 cases of Dengue, (ii) 636 cases of Zika and (iii) 224 cases of Chikungunya reported. This is the first report of the epidemiological characteristics of these arboviruses in the 19 municipalities of Bahia. It is believed that the data collected may contribute to public health policies aimed at controlling future epidemics of these arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Herberto M Souza
- Núcleo Regional de Saúde do Sudoeste/NRS Sudoeste, Departamento da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia/SESAB, Rua João Pereira s/n, São Vicente, 45000-115 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - TÁcita B Barros
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Biointegração, Rua Hormindo Barros, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Palloma P Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Biointegração, Rua Hormindo Barros, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Suze C A Vieira
- Núcleo Regional de Saúde do Sudoeste/NRS Sudoeste, Departamento da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia/SESAB, Rua João Pereira s/n, São Vicente, 45000-115 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - FabrÍcio F Melo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Biointegração, Rua Hormindo Barros, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Robson A A Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Biointegração, Rua Hormindo Barros, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Laize Tomazi
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Biointegração, Rua Hormindo Barros, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Candeias, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
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14
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Campos KB, Martins AJ, Rodovalho CDM, Bellinato DF, Dias LDS, Macoris MDLDG, Andrighetti MTM, Lima JBP, Obara MT. Assessment of the susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to pyriproxyfen and malathion in a nation-wide monitoring of insecticide resistance performed in Brazil from 2017 to 2018. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:531. [PMID: 33109249 PMCID: PMC7590490 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical mosquito control using malathion has been applied in Brazil since 1985. To obtain chemical control effectiveness, vector susceptibility insecticide monitoring is required. This study aimed to describe bioassay standardizations and determine the susceptibility profile of Ae. aegypti populations to malathion and pyriproxyfen, used on a national scale in Brazil between 2017 and 2018, and discuss the observed impacts in arbovirus control. METHODS The diagnostic-doses (DD) of pyriproxyfen and malathion were determined as the double of adult emergence inhibition (EI) and lethal doses for 99% of the Rockefeller reference strain, respectively. To monitor natural populations, sampling was performed in 132 Brazilian cities, using egg traps. Colonies were raised in the laboratory for one or two generations (F1 or F2) and submitted to susceptibility tests, where larvae were exposed to the pyriproxyfen DD (0.03 µg/l) and adults, to the malathion DD determined in the present study (20 µg), in addition to the one established by the World Health Organization (WHO) DD (50 µg) in a bottle assay. Dose-response (DR) bioassays with pyriproxyfen were performed on populations that did not achieve 98% EI in the DD assays. RESULTS Susceptibility alterations to pyriproxyfen were recorded in six (4.5%) Ae. aegypti populations from the states of Bahia and Ceará, with Resistance Ratios (RR95) ranging from 1.51 to 3.58. Concerning malathion, 73 (55.3%) populations distributed throughout the country were resistant when exposed to the local DD 20 µg/bottle. On the other hand, no population was resistant, and only 10 (7.6%) populations in eight states were considered as exhibiting decreased susceptibility (mortality ratios between 90 and 98%) when exposed to the WHO DD (50 µg/bottle). CONCLUSIONS The feasibility of conducting an insecticide resistance monitoring action on a nation-wide scale was confirmed herein, employing standardized and strongly coordinated sampling methods and laboratory bioassays. Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations exhibiting decreased susceptibility to pyriproxyfen were identified. The local DD for malathion was more sensitive than the WHO DD for early decreased susceptibility detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauara Brito Campos
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Aboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Edifício PO 700, SRTV 702, Via W 5 Norte, Brasília/Distrito Federal, CEP 70723-040 Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília/Distrito Federal, CEP 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Francisco Manuel no 102, Bairro Benfica, Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State, CEP 20911-270 Brasil
| | - Cynara de Melo Rodovalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Francisco Manuel no 102, Bairro Benfica, Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State, CEP 20911-270 Brasil
| | - Diogo Fernandes Bellinato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Francisco Manuel no 102, Bairro Benfica, Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State, CEP 20911-270 Brasil
| | - Luciana dos Santos Dias
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Francisco Manuel no 102, Bairro Benfica, Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State, CEP 20911-270 Brasil
| | - Maria de Lourdes da Graça Macoris
- Laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Avenida Santo Antônio no 1627, Bairro Somenzari, Marília/São Paulo, CEP 17506-970 Brasil
| | - Maria Teresa Macoris Andrighetti
- Laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Avenida Santo Antônio no 1627, Bairro Somenzari, Marília/São Paulo, CEP 17506-970 Brasil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Francisco Manuel no 102, Bairro Benfica, Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State, CEP 20911-270 Brasil
| | - Marcos Takashi Obara
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília/Distrito Federal, CEP 70910-900 Brazil
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15
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Ahmed TH, Saunders TR, Mullins D, Rahman MZ, Zhu J. Molecular action of pyriproxyfen: Role of the Methoprene-tolerant protein in the pyriproxyfen-induced sterilization of adult female mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008669. [PMID: 32866146 PMCID: PMC7485974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of adult mosquitoes to pyriproxyfen (PPF), an analog of insect juvenile hormone (JH), has shown promise to effectively sterilize female mosquitoes. However, the underlying mechanisms of the PPF-induced decrease in mosquito fecundity are largely unknown. We performed a comprehensive study to dissect the mode of PPF action in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Exposure to PPF prompted the overgrowth of primary follicles in sugar-fed Ae. aegypti females but blocked the development of primary follicles at Christopher’s Stage III after blood feeding. Secondary follicles were precociously activated in PPF-treated mosquitoes. Moreover, PPF substantially altered the expression of many genes that are essential for mosquito physiology and oocyte development in the fat body and ovary. In particular, many metabolic genes were differentially expressed in response to PPF treatment, thereby affecting the mobilization and utilization of energy reserves. Furthermore, PPF treatment on the previtellogenic female adults considerably modified mosquito responses to JH and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), two major hormones that govern mosquito reproduction. Krüppel homolog 1, a JH-inducible transcriptional regulator, showed consistently elevated expression after PPF exposure. Conversely, PPF upregulated the expression of several key players of the 20E regulatory cascades, including HR3 and E75A, in the previtellogenic stage. After blood-feeding, the expression of these 20E response genes was significantly weaker in PPF-treated mosquitoes than the solvent-treated control groups. RNAi-mediated knockdown of the Methoprene-tolerant (Met) protein, the JH receptor, partially rescued the impaired follicular development after PPF exposure and substantially increased the hatching of the eggs produced by PPF-treated female mosquitoes. Thus, the results suggested that PPF relied on Met to exert its sterilizing effects on female mosquitoes. In summary, this study finds that PPF exposure disturbs normal hormonal responses and metabolism in Ae. aegypti, shedding light on the molecular targets and the downstream signaling pathways activated by PPF. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika fever. Insecticides are widely used as the primary tool in the prevention and control of these infectious diseases. In light of the rapid increase of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations, there is an urgent need to find new classes of insecticides with a different mode of action. Here we found that pyriproxyfen, an analog of insect juvenile hormone (JH), had a large impact on the oocyte development, both before and after blood feeding, in female mosquitoes. Pyriproxyfen disturbed normal hormonal responses and caused metabolic shifting in female adults. These actions appear to collectively impair oocyte development and substantially reduce viable progenies of female mosquitoes. Besides, we demonstrated the involvement of the JH receptor Met in pyriproxyfen-induced female sterilization. This study significantly advances our understanding of mosquito reproductive biology and the molecular basis of pyriproxyfen action, which are invaluable for the development of new mosquito control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Hossain Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - T. Randolph Saunders
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Donald Mullins
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Zillur Rahman
- Quantitative Science Core, Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Jinsong Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Melo Costa M, Campos KB, Brito LP, Roux E, Melo Rodovalho C, Bellinato DF, Lima JBP, Martins AJ. Kdr genotyping in Aedes aegypti from Brazil on a nation-wide scale from 2017 to 2018. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13267. [PMID: 32764661 PMCID: PMC7414026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is currently a threat to the control of Aedes agypti, the main vector of arboviruses in urban centers. Mutations in the voltage gated sodium channel (NaV), known as kdr (knockdown resistance), constitute an important selection mechanism for resistance against pyrethroids. In the present study, we investigated the kdr distribution for the Val1016Ile and Phe1534Cys alterations in Ae. aegypti from 123 Brazilian municipalities, based on SNP genotyping assays in over 5,500 mosquitoes. The alleles NaVS (1016Val+ + 1534Phe+), NaVR1 (1016Val+ + 1534Cyskdr) and NaVR2 (1016Ilekdr + 1534Cyskdr) were consistently observed, whereas kdr alleles have rapidly spread and increased in frequency. NaVS was the less frequent allele, mostly found in Northeastern populations. The highest allelic frequencies were observed for NaVR1, especially in the North, which was fixed in one Amazonian population. The double kdr NaVR2 was more prevalent in the Central-west and South-eastern populations. We introduce the 'kdr index', which revealed significant spatial patterns highlighting two to three distinct Brazilian regions. The 410L kdr mutation was additionally evaluated in 25 localities, evidencing that it generally occurs in the NaVR2 allele. This nationwide screening of a genetic mechanism for insecticide resistance is an important indication on how pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti is evolving in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Melo Costa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kauara Brito Campos
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Aboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Brito
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- ESPACE-DEV, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Université de La Réunion, Université de la Guyane and Université des Antilles, Montpellier, France
- Laboratório Misto Internacional "Sentinela", FIOCRUZ, UnB, IRD, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cynara Melo Rodovalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Fernandes Bellinato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Laboratório Misto Internacional "Sentinela", FIOCRUZ, UnB, IRD, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Universidade federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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17
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Pires S, Alves J, Dia I, Gómez LF. Susceptibility of mosquito vectors of the city of Praia, Cabo Verde, to Temephos and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234242. [PMID: 32520941 PMCID: PMC7286513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many vector-borne diseases circulate in the Republic of Cabo Verde. These include malaria during the colonization of the archipelago by the Portuguese explorers and several arboviruses such as yellow fever (now eradicated), dengue and zika. To control these vector-borne diseases, an integrated vector control program was implemented. The main targeted mosquito vectors are Aedes aegypti and Anopheles arabiensis, and in a lesser extent the potential arbovirus vector Culex pipiens s.l. The main control strategy is focused on mosquito aquatic stages using diesel oil and Temephos. This latter has been applied in Cabo Verde since 1979. Its continuous use was followed by the emergence of resistance in mosquito populations. We investigated the current susceptibility to Temephos of the three potential mosquito vectors of Cabo Verde through bioassays tests. Our results showed various degrees of susceptibility with 24h post-exposure mortality rates ranging from 43.1% to 90.9% using WHO diagnostic doses. A full susceptibility was however observed with Bacillus thurigiensis var israelensis with mortality rates from 99.6% to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Pires
- Unidade de Ciências da Natureza, da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | - Joana Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Unité d’entomologie médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lara F. Gómez
- Unidade de Ciências da Natureza, da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
- * E-mail:
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18
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Dos Santos CR, de Melo Rodovalho C, Jablonka W, Martins AJ, Lima JBP, Dos Santos Dias L, da Silva Neto MAC, Atella GC. Insecticide resistance, fitness and susceptibility to Zika infection of an interbred Aedes aegypti population from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:293. [PMID: 32513248 PMCID: PMC7281914 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti is a vector of high relevance, since it transmits several arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Studies on vector biology are usually conducted with laboratory strains presenting a divergent genetic composition from field populations. This may impair vector control policies that were based on laboratory observations employing only long maintained laboratory strains. In the present study we characterized a laboratory strain interbreed with Ae. aegypti collected from five different localities in Rio de Janeiro (Aedes Rio), for insecticide resistance (IR), IR mechanisms, fitness and Zika virus infection. Methods We compared the recently established Aedes Rio with the laboratory reference strain Rockefeller. Insecticide resistance (deltamethrin, malathion and temephos), activity of metabolic resistance enzymes and kdr mutation frequency were determined. Some life table parameters (longevity, blood-feeding, number and egg viability) and Zika virus susceptibility was also determined. Results Aedes Rio showed resistance to deltamethrin (resistance ratio, RR50 = 32.6) and temephos (RR50 = 7.0) and elevated activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and esterases (α-EST and pNPA-EST), but not acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In total, 92.1% of males genotyped for kdr presented a “resistant” genotype. Weekly blood-fed females from both strains, presented reduced mortality compared to sucrose-fed mosquitoes; however, Aedes Rio blood-fed females did not live as long (mean lifespan: Rockefeller = 70 ± 3.07; Aedes Rio = 53.5 ± 2.16 days). There were no differences between strains in relation to blood-feeding and number of eggs, but Aedes Rio eggs presented reduced viability (mean hatch: Rockefeller = 77.79 ± 1.4%; Aedes Rio = 58.57 ± 1.77%). Zika virus infection (plaque-forming unit, PFU) was similar in both strains (mean PFU ± SE: Aedes Rio: 4.53 × 104 ± 1.14 × 104 PFU; Rockefeller: 2.02 × 104 ± 0.71 × 104 PFU). Conclusion Selected conditions in the field, such as IR mechanisms, may result in pleiotropic effects that interfere in general physiology of the insect. Therefore, it is important to well characterize field populations to be tested in parallel with laboratory reference strains. This practice would improve the significance of laboratory tests for vector control methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlucio Rocha Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cynara de Melo Rodovalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Willy Jablonka
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dos Santos Dias
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mário Alberto Cardoso da Silva Neto
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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19
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Leite SA, Dos Santos MP, Resende-Silva GA, da Costa DR, Moreira AA, Lemos OL, Guedes RNC, Castellani MA. Area-Wide Survey of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance and Control Failure Likelihood of the Neotropical Coffee Leaf Miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1399-1410. [PMID: 32105318 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Neotropical coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842), is a key pest species of unshaded coffee plantations in Neotropical America, particularly in Brazil, where pest management involves intensive insecticide use. As a consequence, problems of resistance to conventional insecticides are frequent, and more recently developed insecticide molecules, such as diamide insecticides, are at risk of becoming ineffective. Thus, a survey of resistance to the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole was carried out in high-yield coffee-producing areas in the State of Bahia, Brazil. The likelihood of control failure with this insecticide was also assessed. Spatial dependence among the insect sampling sites was assessed and spatial mapping of chlorantraniliprole resistance and risk of control failure was carried out. The frequency of chlorantraniliprole resistant populations was high (34 out of 40 populations, or 85%), particularly in western Bahia, where 94% of the populations were resistant. Resistance levels ranged from low (<10-fold) to moderate (between 10- and 40-fold) with more serious instances occurring in western Bahia. This results in lower chlorantraniliprole efficacy among these populations, with a higher risk of control failure and exhibiting spatial dependence. These findings invite attention to problems with the intensive use of this relatively recent insecticide and demand management attention, but they suggest that local, farm-based management efforts are likely to be the most effective actions against resistance problems in this pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzany A Leite
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Mateus P Dos Santos
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela R da Costa
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Aldenise A Moreira
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Odair L Lemos
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Maria A Castellani
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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20
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Guedes RNC, Beins K, Navarro Costa D, Coelho GE, Bezerra HSDS. Patterns of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti: meta-analyses of surveys in Latin America and the Caribbean. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2144-2157. [PMID: 31957156 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The re-emergence of worldwide concern with arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) draws increasing attention to their mosquito vectors, particularly Aedes aegypti, whose control heavily rely on insecticide use. As a consequence, insecticide resistance is frequent, but the general patterns of occurrence, cross-resistance and prevailing mechanisms remain unrecognized in some areas such as the Neotropical region. Thus, we sought here to recognize the general trends and patterns of insecticide resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean. A systematic literature review (2008-2018) aimed the data-gathering for the region and meta-analyses to address the stated knowledge gap. RESULTS A high incidence of insecticide resistance prevails in the mosquito populations of the region. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), temephos and deltamethrin were the main insecticides evaluated and the meta-analyses indicate a high frequency of DDT-resistant populations (86.7 ± 0.1%), followed by temephos (75.7 ± 0.1%) and deltamethrin (33.0 ± 0.1%). No evidence of cross-resistance was detected among these three insecticides, and the V1016I knockdown (KDR) site mutation does not explain the patterns of deltamethrin resistance in the region. CONCLUSION Resistance to DDT, temephos and deltamethrin is serious and widespread, and there is no cross-resistance among them. Altered target site sensitivity is not the main pyrethroid resistance mechanism, which is likely due to a mix of mechanisms. Therefore, the replacement of deltamethrin and particularly temephos in the region by alternative insecticides is an important resistance management recommendation, but should be done with compounds out of the cross-resistance spectrum for these populations and insecticides. Nonetheless, the non-recognition of the prevalent resistance mechanisms in the region makes this suggestion more difficult to apply and invites more broad-scale studies of resistance mechanisms to fill this knowledge gap and improve the resistance management recommendations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaley Beins
- Division of Health and Environment, Abt Associates, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Dennis Navarro Costa
- Department of Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, Neglected, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Pan-American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Giovanini E Coelho
- Department of Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, Neglected, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Pan-American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Haroldo Sérgio da S Bezerra
- Department of Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, Neglected, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Pan-American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia
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21
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Bisset JA, Rodríguez MM, Piedra LA, Cruz M, Gutiérrez G, Ruiz A. Reversal of Resistance to the Larvicide Temephos in an Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Laboratory Strain From Cuba. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:801-806. [PMID: 31788689 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to know whether the organophosphate temephos resistance developed in larvae from a laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from Cuba could be reversed. The resistant laboratory strain of Ae. aegypti, named SAN-F6, was left without temephos selection pressure for 12 generations. The level of temephos resistance was determined using WHO bioassays and mechanisms of metabolic resistance were determined based on enzyme activity levels detected by biochemical assays. Bioassays and biochemical assays were conducted on the SAN-F6 parental strain and every three reversal generations (SANRevF3, SANRevF6, SANRevF9, and SANRevF12) without temephos selection pressure. After 19 yr of keeping the SAN-F6 strain under selection pressure with the LC90 of temephos, the resistance ratio (RR50) was 47.5×. Biochemical assays indicated that esterase and glutathione S-transferase are still responsible for temephos resistance in this strain, but not mixed-function oxidase. Experiments on resistance reversal showed that temephos susceptibility could be recovered as α esterase activity levels decreased. The SAN-F6 strain has provided an essential basis for studies of temephos resistance in Cuba. It was demonstrated that the resistance developed to the larvicide temephos in Ae. aegypti from this Cuban lab strain is a reversible phenomenon, which suggests that similar outcomes might be expected in field populations. As such, the use of temephos alternated with other larvicides recommended by WHO such as Bti or pyriproxyfen is recommended to maintain the effectiveness of temephos and to achieve more effective control of Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Bisset
- Department of Vector Control, Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Havana, Cuba
| | - María M Rodríguez
- Department of Vector Control, Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis A Piedra
- Department of Vector Control, Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Havana, Cuba
| | - Modesto Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Gladys Gutiérrez
- Department of Vector Control, Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Havana, Cuba
| | - Armando Ruiz
- Department of Vector Control, Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Havana, Cuba
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22
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Helvecio E, Romão TP, de Carvalho-Leandro D, de Oliveira IF, Cavalcanti AEHD, Reimer L, de Paiva Cavalcanti M, de Oliveira APS, Paiva PMG, Napoleão TH, Wallau GL, de Melo Neto OP, Melo-Santos MAV, Ayres CFJ. Polymorphisms in GSTE2 is associated with temephos resistance in Aedes aegypti. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104464. [PMID: 32359546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in several distinct biological processes. In insects, the GSTs, especially delta and epsilon classes, play a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics used to control insect populations. Here, we investigated its potential role in temephos resistance, examining the GSTE2 gene from susceptible (RecL) and resistant (RecR) strains of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, vector for several pathogenic arboviruses. Total GST enzymatic activity and the GSTE2 gene expression profile were evaluated, with the GSTE2 cDNA and genomic loci sequenced from both strains. Recombinant GSTE2 and mutants were produced in a heterologous expression system and assayed for enzyme kinetic parameters. These proteins also had their 3D structure predicted through molecular modeling. Our results showed that RecR has a profile of total GST enzymatic activity higher than RecL, with the expression of the GSTE2 gene in resistant larvae increasing six folds. Four exclusive RecR mutations were observed (L111S, I150V, E178A and A198E), which were absent in the laboratory susceptible strains. The enzymatic activity of the recombinant GSTE2 showed different kinetic parameters, with the GSTE2 RecR showing an enhanced ability to metabolize its substrate. The I150V mutation was shown to induce significant changes in catalytic parameters and a 3D modeling of GSTE2 mapped two of the RecR changes (L111S and I150V) near the enzyme's catalytic pocket, also implying an impact on its catalytic activity. Our results reinforce a potential role for GSTE2 in the metabolic resistance phenotype while contributing to the understanding of the molecular basis for the resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisama Helvecio
- Department of Entomology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Tatiany Patrícia Romão
- Department of Entomology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE 50740-465, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Reimer
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabriel Luz Wallau
- Department of Entomology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE 50740-465, Brazil
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Foxi C, Delrio G, Luciano P, Mannu R, Ruiu L. Comparative laboratory and field study of biorational insecticides for Culicoides biting midge management in larval developmental sites. Acta Trop 2019; 198:105097. [PMID: 31325415 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate management strategy of bluetongue vectors should include larvicidal treatments in their larval development sites utilizing active substances with low environmental impact. A selection of biorational insecticides with potential against dipteran larvae was assayed in the laboratory against field collected Culicoides larvae including C. cataneii, C. circumscriptus, and C. imicola, determining their median lethal concentrations in water and mud/water substrate. The efficacy of formulations containing the insect growth regulators pyriproxyfen and cyromazine, the botanical insecticide azadirachtin, and the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Brevibacillus laterosporus, was also assessed in field conditions in a comparative study conducted in sheep farm larval development sites, including treatments with the organophosphate temephos. Significant larvicidal properties were associated with the various insecticides evaluated in the laboratory assays and in field trials, although with different levels of effectiveness. While temephos was confirmed to be an effective broad spectrum larvicidal substance, B. laterosporus appeared to be the most effective among entomopathogens, while insect growth regulators combined a good efficacy to a long-lasting residual effect in the field. Everything considered, the use of these biorational insecticides alone or in combination with larval habitat manipulation techniques appears to be a promising method to complement integrated biting midge management programs.
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Fiaz M, Martínez LC, Plata-Rueda A, Gonçalves WG, de Souza DLL, Cossolin JFS, Carvalho PEGR, Martins GF, Serrão JE. Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog, damages midgut cells and interferes with behaviors of Aedes aegypti larvae. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7489. [PMID: 31534837 PMCID: PMC6731771 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone analogs (JHA) are known to interfere with growth and biosynthesis of insects with potential for insecticide action. However, there has been comparatively few data on morphological effects of JHA on insect organs. To determine pyriproxyfen effects on Aedes aegypti larvae, we conducted toxicity, behavioral bioassays and assessed ultrastructural effects of pyriproxyfen on midgut cells. A. aegypti larvae were exposed in aqueous solution of pyriproxyfen LC50 concentrations and evaluated for 24 h. This study fulfilled the toxic prevalence of pyriproxyfen to A. aegypti larvae (LC50 = 8.2 mg L-1). Behavioral observations confirmed that pyriproxyfen treatment significantly changes swimming behavior of larvae, limiting its displacement and speed. The pyriproxyfen causes remarkable histopathological and cytotoxic alterations in the midgut of larvae. Histopathological study reveals presence of cytoplasmic vacuolization and damage to brush border of the digestive cells. The main salient lesions of cytotoxic effects are occurrence of cell debris released into the midgut lumen, cytoplasm rich in lipid droplets, autophagosomes, disorganized microvilli and deformed mitochondria. Data suggest that pyriproxyfen can be used to help to control and eradicate this insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fiaz
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Martínez
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelica Plata-Rueda
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Amorim QS, da Rocha Bauzer LGS, Aparecida Braga I, Lima JBP. Evaluation of the Persistence of Three Larvicides Used To Control Aedes aegypti In Arapiraca, Northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2019; 35:192-199. [PMID: 31647707 DOI: 10.2987/18-6798.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The chemical control of the mosquito Aedes aegypti is a great challenge worldwide, since several populations of this species are already resistant to traditional insecticides, such as temephos. In Brazil, alternative larvicides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and pyriproxyfen, have been used more recently. In this study we evaluated the persistence of pyriproxyfen (Sumilarv 0.5%G), 2 commercial formulations of Bti (Vectobac WDG and Vectobac G), and temephos (Fersol 1G) under field and simulated field conditions with treatments exposed to sun and shadow. In the field tests, the 2 formulations of Bti presented less persistence in the 8th wk of evaluation (46% and 37% positivity) compared with temephos (3.6% and 6.8% positivity) and Sumilarv (6.6% and 3.8% positivity) in containers exposed to the sun and shadow, respectively. In the simulated field trial, temephos and the 2 formulations of Bti presented high persistence (100% mortality at 8th wk) when applied in the water box and in deposits placed in the shade. In containers exposed to the sun, the persistence of these products was lower (>80% mortality by temephos after 4 wk, Bti formulations for 3 wk, and Sumilarv for 6 wk). Based on these data, however, Sumilarv presented better performance in the containers exposed to the sun than the 2 formulations of Bti (Vectobac G and Vectobac WDG), which were affected by the sun.
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Badolo A, Sombié A, Pignatelli PM, Sanon A, Yaméogo F, Wangrawa DW, Sanon A, Kanuka H, McCall PJ, Weetman D. Insecticide resistance levels and mechanisms in Aedes aegypti populations in and around Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007439. [PMID: 31120874 PMCID: PMC6550433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent outbreaks of dengue and other Aedes aegypti-borne arboviruses highlight the importance of a rapid response for effective vector control. Data on insecticide resistance and underlying mechanisms are essential for outbreak preparedness, but are sparse in much of Africa. We investigated the levels and heterogeneity of insecticide resistance and mechanisms of Ae. aegypti from contrasting settings within and around Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Bioassays were performed on larvae and adults to diagnose prevalence of resistance, and to assess levels where resistance was detected. Investigation of resistance mechanisms was performed using synergist bioassays, knockdown resistance (kdr) target site mutation genotyping and quantitative PCR expression analysis of candidate P450 genes. Larval dose-response assays indicated susceptibility to the organophosphates tested. Adult females were also susceptible to organophosphates, but resistance to carbamates was suspected in urban and semi-urban localities. Females from all localities showed resistance to pyrethroids but resistance prevalence and level were higher in urban and especially in semi-urban areas, compared to the rural population. Environment was also associated with susceptibility: adults reared from larvae collected in tires from the semi-urban site were significantly less resistant to pyrethroids than those collected from large outdoor drinking water containers ('drums'). Susceptibility to both pyrethroids tested was largely restored by pre-exposure to Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), suggesting a strong metabolic basis to resistance. The 1534C kdr mutation was nearly fixed in semi-urban and urban areas but was far less common in the rural area, where the 1016I kdr mutation frequency was also significantly lower. P450 gene analysis detected limited over-expression of single candidates but significantly elevated average expression in the semi-urban site compared to both a susceptible laboratory colony, and females from the other collection sites. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results reveal pyrethroid resistance and paired kdr mutations in both urban and semi-urban sites at levels that are unprecedented for mainland Africa. The combination of target site and metabolic mechanisms is common in Ae. aegypti populations from other continents but is a worrying finding for African populations. However, organophosphate insecticides are still active against both larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti, providing useful insecticidal options for control and resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanase Badolo
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- * E-mail:
| | - Aboubacar Sombié
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Patricia M. Pignatelli
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Aboubakar Sanon
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Félix Yaméogo
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dimitri W. Wangrawa
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Université Norbert Zongo, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Antoine Sanon
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hirotaka Kanuka
- Center for Medical Entomology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Philip J. McCall
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Valbon WR, Haddi K, Souza RA, Carvalho GA, Guedes RNC, Martins GF, Oliveira EE. "Armed to the teeth": The multiple ways to survive insecticidal and predatory challenges in Aedes aegypti larvae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 156:87-95. [PMID: 31027585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants, such as insecticides, can alter the equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems, particularly those closely located to human occupations. The use of such anthropogenic compounds frequently results in the selection of resistant individuals. However, how the underlying insecticide resistance mechanisms interplay with the abilities of the resistant individuals to cope with other environmental challenges (e.g., predators) has not received adequate attention. Here, we evaluated whether resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), would affect their abilities to survive other environmental challenges. We assessed the susceptibilities of the pyrethroid-resistant larvae to other insecticides (i.e., the oxadiazine indoxacarb and juvenile hormone mimic pyriproxyfen) and determined the activities of potential detoxification enzymes. Finally, we also recorded potential alterations in larva swimming behavior in the presence of predators, such as the water bug Belostoma anurum (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae). Our results revealed that high pyrethroid resistance was associated with moderate resistance to the other two insecticides. Furthermore, this multiple resistance was associated with higher detoxification activity by glutathione-S-transferases and general esterases. Interestingly, in comparison with insecticide-susceptible larvae, the pyrethroid-resistant larvae not only swam for longer periods and distances, but also took longer to be captured by B. anurum nymphs. Collectively, our findings revealed increased abilities to survive natural environmental challenges (e.g., predatory attacks) in mosquito larvae that express physiological and behavioral changes associated with multiple resistance to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R Valbon
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Khalid Haddi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ryan A Souza
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Gislaine A Carvalho
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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de Araújo AP, Paiva MHS, Cabral AM, Cavalcanti AEHD, Pessoa LFF, Diniz DFA, Helvecio E, da Silva EVG, da Silva NM, Anastácio DB, Pontes C, Nunes V, de Souza MDFM, Magalhães FJR, de Melo Santos MAV, Ayres CFJ. Screening Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Pernambuco, Brazil for Resistance to Temephos, Diflubenzuron, and Cypermethrin and Characterization of Potential Resistance Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:16. [PMID: 31175834 PMCID: PMC6556078 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemical insecticides detected in Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes has been a problem for the National Dengue Control Program (PNCD) over the last years. In order to provide deeper knowledge of resistance to xenobiotics, our study evaluated the susceptibility profile of temephos, diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin insecticides in natural mosquito populations from the Pernambuco State, associating these results with the local historical use of such compounds. Furthermore, mechanisms that may be associated with this particular type of resistance were characterized. Bioassays with multiple temephos and diflubenzuron concentrations were performed to detect and quantify resistance. For cypermethrin, diagnostic dose assays were performed. Biochemical tests were carried out to quantify the activity of detoxification enzymes. In addition, a screening of mutations present in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (NaV) was performed in samples previously submitted to bioassays with cypermethrin. The populations under study were resistant to temephos and showed a positive correlation between insecticide consumption and the resistance ratio (RR) to the compound. For diflubenzuron, the biological activity ratio (BAR) ranged from 1.3 to 4.7 times, when compared to the susceptible strain. All populations showed resistance to cypermethrin. Altered enzymatic profiles of alpha, p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA) esterases and glutathione-S-transferases were recorded in most of these samples. Molecular analysis demonstrated that Arcoverde was the only population that presented the mutated form 1016Ile/Ile. These findings show that the situation is critical vis-à-vis the effectiveness of mosquito control using chemical insecticides, since resistance to temephos and cypermethrin is widespread in Ae. aegypti from Pernambuco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Araújo
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Entomologia. s/n Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Entomologia. s/n Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria Cabral
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Entomologia. s/n Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Fernando Freitas Pessoa
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Entomologia. s/n Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diego Felipe Araujo Diniz
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Entomologia. s/n Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elisama Helvecio
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Entomologia. s/n Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ellyda Vanessa Gomes da Silva
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Entomologia. s/n Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Norma Machado da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética – BEG, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC, Brasil. Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Claudenice Pontes
- State of Pernambuco Department of Health, Arbovirus Surveillance Manager Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Vânia Nunes
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Recife, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Martins Laurentino AO, Durante de Medeiros F, de Oliveira J, da Rosa N, Mateus Gomes T, de Medeiros Peretti E, Somariva Prophiro J, Fortunato JJ. Effects of prenatal exposure to temephos on behavior and social interaction. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:669-673. [PMID: 30880993 PMCID: PMC6417020 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s193896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The neurodevelopment period is susceptible to alterations by genetic and environmental factors, such as the exposure to organophosphates (OP). The OP is neurotoxic and has been associated with neurological diseases pathophysiology. The OP temephos is widely used against Aedes aegypti in Brazil's public health programs. PURPOSE To evaluate behavioral effects of prenatal exposition to temephos in Wistar rats. METHODS First, we divided pregnant females into groups: those who received temephos diluted in distilled water by gavage between gestational days 6-13 and those who received only distilled water in the same period and volume. Then, we divided pups according to sex and exposure, and we made the behavioral tests on postnatal day 30. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to temephos caused hyperactivity, stereotyped behavior, and social impairment in animals. CONCLUSION These results are similar to the altered behavior presented in some neurobiological diseases models, like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders, and this study may bring a red alert to the large use of temephos in Brazil, due to the damage caused by its exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Olívia Martins Laurentino
- Neurobiology Laboratory of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil,
| | - Fabiana Durante de Medeiros
- Neurobiology Laboratory of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil,
| | - Juliana de Oliveira
- Neurobiology Laboratory of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil, .,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Naiana da Rosa
- Neurobiology Laboratory of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil, .,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tamires Mateus Gomes
- Neurobiology Laboratory of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil,
| | - Eduardo de Medeiros Peretti
- Neurobiology Laboratory of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil,
| | - Josiane Somariva Prophiro
- Neurobiology Laboratory of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil, .,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jucélia J Fortunato
- Neurobiology Laboratory of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil, .,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Insecticide Resistance and Fitness: The Case of Four Aedes aegypti Populations from Different Brazilian Regions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6257860. [PMID: 30402487 PMCID: PMC6198578 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6257860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Chemical control is still a major strategy to constrain vector density and mitigate pathogen transmission. However, insecticide overuse poses a high selective pressure, favouring the spread of resistance alleles in natural populations. In an insecticide-free environment, a fitness cost is expected in resistant insects when compared to susceptible counterparts. This study investigates whether insecticide resistance to an organophosphate (temephos) and a pyrethroid (deltamethrin) is associated with fitness traits in four Aedes aegypti wild populations sampled every three months over one year. Findings We measured development time from larvae to adult, female survival, wing length, fecundity, and adult resistance to starvation in field insecticide resistant Ae. aegypti populations four times over a year. These results were confronted with resistance levels to temephos and deltamethrin and with potentially related mechanisms, including a kdr mutation in the pyrethroid target site. No differences in fitness cost were found after contrasting mosquitoes from the same population collected throughout a year, irrespective of differences in insecticide resistance levels. Additionally, significant differences were not observed among field populations. However, compared to the reference strain Rockefeller, field females survived significantly less. Moreover, larval development was equal or slower in three out of four field populations. In no case differences were evidenced in starvation tolerance, wing length, and fecundity. Conclusions Overall, field resistant mosquitoes seemed to have a slight fitness disadvantage when compared with the Rockefeller susceptible strain which might represent a potential fitness cost of insecticide resistance. However, after comparing Ae. aegypti from the same population but sampled at different moments, or from different field populations, mosquito life-history traits varied independently of resistance ratios. The metabolic deviations necessary to overcome the adverse effects of insecticides may cause an energy trade-off that affects energy allocation and ultimately basic demands of insect biology. The extent of fitness cost due to insecticide resistance is critical information to delay the evolution of resistance in wild vector populations.
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Viana-Medeiros PF, Bellinato DF, Valle D. Laboratory selection of Aedes aegypti field populations with the organophosphate malathion: Negative impacts on resistance to deltamethrin and to the organophosphate temephos. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006734. [PMID: 30125295 PMCID: PMC6128625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to pyrethroids and to the organophosphate temephos is widespread in Brazilian populations of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. Thereof, since 2009 Insect Growth Regulators are employed as larvicides, and malathion is used against adults. Methodology/Principal findings We performed laboratory selection with malathion of two A. aegypti field populations initially susceptible to this organophosphate but resistant to temephos and deltamethrin. A fixed malathion dose inducing at least 80% mortality in the first generation, was used throughout the selection process, interrupted after five generations, when the threshold of 20% mortality was reached. For each population, three experimental and two control groups, not exposed to insecticides, were kept independently. For both populations, quantitative bioassays revealed, in the selected groups, acquisition of resistance to malathion and negative impact of malathion selection on deltamethrin and temephos resistance levels. In the control groups resistance to all evaluated insecticides decreased except, unexpectedly, to deltamethrin. Analysis of the main resistance mechanisms employed routine methodologies: biochemical and molecular assays for, respectively, metabolic resistance and quantification of the NaV pyrethroid target main kdr mutations at positions 1016 and 1534. No diagnostic alteration could be specifically correlated with malathion selection, neither with the unusual deltamethrin increase in resistance levels observed in the control groups. Conclusions/Significance Our results confirm the multifactorial character of insecticide resistance and point to the need of high throughput methodologies and to the study of additional field vector populations in order to unravel resistance mechanisms. Dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses affect millions of people worldwide. Due to the lack of specific antivirals or to the limited supply of vaccines, focus remains on the control of the main vector, Aedes aegypti. Although the importance of social participation in the elimination of A. aegypti breeding sites is increasingly recognized, chemical control is still an important component of vector control. The exaggerated use of insecticides results in the spread of resistance and, consequently, in the loss of their effectiveness. In Brazil, malathion is the last adulticide available to the control of A. aegypti, due to the widespread resistance to pyrethroids. In order to anticipate what could occur in the field, we exposed two vector populations to selection with malathion. Both malathion and temephos, a larvicide largely employed, are organophosphates; however, they are structurally distinct molecules and seem to elicit different resistance mechanisms. We confirmed this issue: selection with malathion had a negative impact on temephos resistance compared to groups reared without any insecticide. Indeed, the variety of responses of both vector populations to the various insecticides points to the participation of multiple resistance mechanisms and confirms previous assumptions regarding the difficulty of identifying diagnostic insecticide resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Fernandes Bellinato
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | - Denise Valle
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Gomes da Rocha Voris D, Dos Santos Dias L, Alencar Lima J, Dos Santos Cople Lima K, Pereira Lima JB, Dos Santos Lima AL. Evaluation of larvicidal, adulticidal, and anticholinesterase activities of essential oils of Illicium verum Hook. f., Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr., and Myristica fragrans Houtt. against Zika virus vectors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22541-22551. [PMID: 29808407 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the vector responsible for transmitting pathogens that cause various infectious diseases, such as dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya, worrying health authorities in the tropics. Due to resistance of mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides, the search for more effective insecticidal agents becomes crucial. The aim of this study was to verify the larvicidal, adulticidal, and anticholinesterase activities of the essential oils of the Illicium verum (EOIV), Pimenta dioica (EOPD), and Myristica fragrans (EOMF) against Ae. aegypti. The essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The larvicidal and adulticidal activities of EOs were evaluated against third instar larvae and Ae. aegypti adult females, respectively, using the procedures of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the anticholinesterase activity of the EOs by the modified Ellman method. The following major components were identified: (E)-anethole (90.1%) for EOIV, methyl eugenol (55.0%) for EOPD, and sabinene (52.1%) for EOMF. All EOs exhibited larvicidal and adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. The highest larval mortality was observed in EOMF with LC50 = 28.2 μg mL-1. Adult mortality was observed after 1 (knockdown) and 24 h exposure, with the highest potential established by the EOIV, KC50 = 7.3 μg mg female-1 and LC50 = 10.3 μg mg female-1. EOIV (IC50 = 4800 μg mL-1), EOMF (IC50 = 4510 μg mL-1), and EOPD (IC50 = 1320 μg mL-1) inhibited AChE. EOMF (4130 μg mL-1) and EOPD (IC50 = 3340 μg mL-1) inhibited BChE whereas EOIV showed no inhibition. The EOs were toxic to larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti, as well as being less toxic to humans than the currently used insecticides, opening the possibility of elaboration of a natural, safe, and ecological bioinsecticide for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomes da Rocha Voris
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Dos Santos Dias
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Vector Arthropods, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Josélia Alencar Lima
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil
| | - Keila Dos Santos Cople Lima
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Vector Arthropods, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Army, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luís Dos Santos Lima
- Section of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biological Defence Laboratory, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil
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Corte RL, Melo VAD, Dolabella SS, Marteis LS. Variation in temephos resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the State of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:284-290. [PMID: 29972557 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0449-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The organophosphate temephos was first used in Brazil in the 1960s for the control of Aedes aegypti. Because of its extensive and longstanding use worldwide, selection for mosquito populations resistant to the chemical has been observed not only in different regions of Brazil but also in several parts of the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to the organophosphate temephos, a larvicide used in vector control activities in Sergipe/Northeast Brazil. METHODS This study included mosquito populations from seven municipalities of Sergipe and was carried out from October 2010 to August 2011. Qualitative bioassays of diagnostic dose and dose responses were performed. The resistance ratio was calculated based on lethal concentrations for mosquitoes of the susceptible Rockefeller strain. RESULTS All populations were classified as resistant to temephos. The resistance ratio ranged from 22.2 to 297.9, the lowest being seen in Aracaju, a coastal area of the state, and the highest in Pinhão, a semi-arid region, 96.6km from Aracaju. CONCLUSIONS High levels of temephos resistance were observed in the Ae. aegypti populations of Sergipe. The variation between regions indicates that there have been different regimes of insecticide use and also points to the potential of small cities to generate and spread insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseli La Corte
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | | | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Leticia Silva Marteis
- Colegiado de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
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Vani JM, de Carvalho Schweich L, de Oliveira KRW, Auharek SA, Cunha-Laura AL, Antoniolli-Silva ACMB, Nazario CED, Oliveira RJ. Evaluation of the effects of the larvicides temephos on reproductive performance, embryofetal development and DNA integrity of Swiss mice. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 148:22-27. [PMID: 29891373 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Temephos is considered the gold standard by the Ministry of Health for controlling the larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The present study evaluated the effects of Temephos larvicide on the reproductive performance, embryo-fetal development and DNA integrity of Swiss mice. This study used 30 pregnant female mice: 10 were controls treated with drinking water at a dosage of 0.1 mL/10 g (body weight - b.w., administered orally - a.o.), and 20 were treated with Temephos at doses of 0.0043 mg/kg and 0.043 mg/kg (b.w., a.o.) during the gestational period. Statistical analysis showed that Temephos did not alter the biometric or reproductive parameters. Comparing the weight of the fetus to the stage of pregnancy demonstrated that the 0.0043 mg/kg dosage increased the size of the fetuses. No external malformations were detected. However, the 0.043 mg/kg dosage induced changes in the sternum, with the main change being the center of the sternum, xiphoid processes and absence of the manubrium. The other skeletal and visceral alterations did not differ from the control group and are considered variants of normality. The analysis of head measurements showed an increase in the anterior/posterior measurements of the glabella, the external occipital protuberance and the biauricular plane. The circumference and area of the head did not present significant differences. The micronucleus test showed only a 0.043 mg/kg increase in 48 h. Thus, it is considered that Temephos has a low teratogenic and genotoxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Miron Vani
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica - CeTroGen, Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian - HUMAP, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta" - FAMED, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Laynna de Carvalho Schweich
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica - CeTroGen, Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian - HUMAP, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta" - FAMED, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Karla Regina Warszawski de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química - INQUI, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Laboratório de Combustiveis - LABCOM, Instituto de Química - INQUI, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Sarah Alves Auharek
- Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e do Mucuri - UFVJM, Teófilo Otoni, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréa Luiza Cunha-Laura
- Programa de Mestrado em Farmácia, Instituto de Biociências - INBIO, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Andréia Conceição Millan Brochado Antoniolli-Silva
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica - CeTroGen, Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian - HUMAP, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta" - FAMED, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Domingues Nazario
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química - INQUI, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Laboratório de Combustiveis - LABCOM, Instituto de Química - INQUI, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica - CeTroGen, Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian - HUMAP, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta" - FAMED, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Biológicas - CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Paiva DR, Lima DPDE, Avvari NP, Arruda EJDE, Cabrini I, Marques MR, Santos EAD, Biaggio FC, Sangi DP, Beatriz A. A potent larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti mosquito from cardanol. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 89:373-382. [PMID: 28562821 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardanol is a constituent of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid that presents larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The isolation of cardanol is somewhat troublesome, however, in this work we describe an efficient and inexpensive method to obtain it as a pure material. The compound was used as starting material to make chemical transformation leading to saturated cardanol, epoxides and, halohydrins. These derivatives were tested for toxicity against Aedes aegypti larvae. The results showed that iodohydrins are very promising compounds for making commercial products to combat the vector mosquito larvae presenting a LC50 of 0.0023 ppm after 72 h of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derisvaldo R Paiva
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Valença, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dênis P DE Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Naga P Avvari
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J DE Arruda
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Isaias Cabrini
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Valença, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Marques
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Edson A Dos Santos
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Francisco C Biaggio
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego P Sangi
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adilson Beatriz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Goellner E, Schmitt AT, Couto JL, Müller ND, Pilz-Junior HL, Schrekker HS, Silva CE, da Silva OS. Larvicidal and residual activity of imidazolium salts against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1013-1019. [PMID: 29193680 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is an important mosquito species that can transmit several arboviruses such as dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika. Because these mosquitoes are becoming resistant to most chemical insecticides used around the world, studies with new larvicides should be prioritized. Based on the known biological profile of imidazolium salts (IS), the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of six IS as larvicides against Ae. aegypti, as tested against Ae. aegypti larvae. Larval mortality was measured after 24 and 48 h, and residual larvicidal activity was also evaluated. RESULTS Promising results were obtained with aqueous solutions of two IS: 1-n-octadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C18 MImCl) and 1-n-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate (C16 MImMeS), showing up to 90% larval mortality after 48 h exposure. C18 MImCl was more effective than C16 mIMeS, causing mortality until day 15 after exposure. An application of C18 MImCl left to dry under ambient conditions for at least 2 months and then dissolved in water showed a more pronounced residual effect (36 days with 95% mortality and 80% mortality up to 78 days). CONCLUSION This is the first study to show the potential of IS in the control of Ae. aegypti. Further studies are needed to understand the mode of action of these compounds in the biological development of this mosquito species. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Goellner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ademir Tramontini Schmitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlia Lacerda Couto
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Drumm Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Harry Luiz Pilz-Junior
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henri Stephan Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eugenio Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Onilda Santos da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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37
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Garcia GDA, David MR, Martins ADJ, Maciel-de-Freitas R, Linss JGB, Araújo SC, Lima JBP, Valle D. The impact of insecticide applications on the dynamics of resistance: The case of four Aedes aegypti populations from different Brazilian regions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006227. [PMID: 29432488 PMCID: PMC5833288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the tropics, the utilization of insecticides is still an important strategy for controlling Aedes aegypti, the principle vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. However, increasing insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti populations might hinder insecticide efficacy on a long-term basis. It will be important to understand the dynamics and evolution of insecticide resistance by assessing its frequency and the mechanisms by which it occurs. Methodology/Principal findings The insecticide resistance status of four Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations was monitored. Quantitative bioassays with the major insecticides employed in the country was performed: the adulticide deltamethrin (a pyrethroid—PY) and the larvicides, temephos (an organophosphate) and diflubenzuron (a chitin synthesis inhibitor). Temephos resistance was detected in all populations although exhibiting a slight decrease over time probably due to the interruption of field use. All vector populations were susceptible to diflubenzuron, recently introduced in the country to control Ae. aegypti. Resistance against deltamethrin was extremely high in three populations. Molecular assays investigated substitutions in the voltage gated sodium channel (NaV), the PY target site, at positions 1011, 1016 and 1534. Elevated frequencies of substitutions Val1016Ile and Phe1534Cys related to high PY resistance levels were identified. Biochemical assays detected alterations in the activities of two detoxifying enzyme classes related to metabolic resistance, glutathion-S-transferases and esterases. The results obtained were evaluated in the context of both recent insecticide use and the records of dengue incidence in each locality. Conclusions/Significance The four Ae. aegypti populations evaluated were resistant to the neurotoxic insecticides, temephos and deltamethrin. However, they were still susceptible to diflubenzuron. A probable correlation between adult insect resistance to PY and the domestic application of insecticides is discussed, pointing to the need for awareness measures regarding the correct utilization by citizens. This work aims to contribute to the efficient and rational management of Ae. aegypti control of both larvae and adults. Among the pathogens transmitted by Aedes aegypti, dengue virus is the most important due to the number of people affected or at risk and the high rate of mortality worldwide. The confirmation that Ae. aegypti is also the vector of Zika, chikungunya and urban yellow fever poses serious consequences for public health, pointing to the need of reevaluating current vector control strategies. Although there is growing recognition of the importance of social participation and community engagement to prevent high levels of infestation, insecticides are considered important vector control tools. Nevertheless, the massive and indiscriminate adoption of insecticides to control larvae and adults contributes to resistance spread. In particular, the domestic use of adulticides, especially in epidemic seasons, is assumed to induce high levels of resistance in Ae. aegypti populations. However, the consequences of insecticide interruption upon the resistance of field populations has been less investigated. We evaluated, in four Brazilian regions over one year, the dynamics of dengue vector population resistance to the principal insecticides used in the country. The main resistance mechanisms were also investigated. Data are discussed taking into account the potential relationship among dengue outbreaks, public and private chemical control and insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Azambuja Garcia
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rocha David
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ademir de Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jutta Gerlinde Birggitt Linss
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Costa Araújo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Gerência de Controle de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Valle
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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38
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Bharati M, Saha D. Insecticide susceptibility status and major detoxifying enzymes' activity in Aedes albopictus (Skuse), vector of dengue and chikungunya in Northern part of West Bengal, India. Acta Trop 2017; 170:112-119. [PMID: 28254583 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes belonging to Aedes genus, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus transmit many globally important arboviruses including Dengue (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV). Vector control with the use of insecticide remains the suitable method of choice to stop the transmission of these diseases. However, vector control throughout the world is failing to achieve its target results because of the worldwide development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. To assess the insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus from northern part of West Bengal, the susceptibility of eight different Aedes albopictus populations were tested against a commonly used larvicide (temephos) and some adulticides (malathion, deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin) along with the major insecticide detoxifying enzymes' activity in them. Through this study, it was revealed that most of the populations were found susceptible to temephos except Nagrakata (NGK) and Siliguri (SLG), which showed both a higher resistance ratio (RR99) and a lower susceptibility, thereby reflecting the development of resistance against temephos in them. However, all tested adulticides caused 100% mortality in all the population implying their potency in control of this mosquito in this region of India. Through the study of carboxylesterase activity, it was revealed that the NGK population showed a 9.6 fold higher level of activity than susceptible population. The same population also showed a lower level of susceptibility and a higher resistance ratio (RR99), indicating a clear correlation between susceptibility to temephos and carboxylesterase enzymes' activity in this population. This preliminary data reflects that the NGK population is showing a trend towards resistance development and with time, there is possibility that this resistance phenomenon will spread to other populations. With the recurrence of dengue and chikungunya, this data on insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus could help the authorities engaged in vector control programmes to formulate effective measures against this mosquito in this region.
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Detection of a new pyrethroid resistance mutation (V410L) in the sodium channel of Aedes aegypti: a potential challenge for mosquito control. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46549. [PMID: 28422157 PMCID: PMC5396194 DOI: 10.1038/srep46549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, particularly in Neotropical regions, is the principal vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya viruses. Pyrethroids remain one of the most used insecticides to control Aedes mosquitoes, despite the development of pyrethroid resistance in many mosquito populations worldwide. Here, we report a Brazilian strain of A. aegypti with high levels (approximately 100–60,000 fold) of resistance to both type I and type II pyrethroids. We detected two mutations (V410L and F1534C) in the sodium channel from this resistant strain. This study is the first report of the V410L mutation in mosquitoes. Alone or in combination with the F1534C mutation, the V410L mutation drastically reduced the sensitivity of mosquito sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes to both type I and type II pyrethroids. The V410L mutation presents a serious challenge for the control of A. aegypti and will compromise the use of pyrethroids for the control of A. aegypti in Brazil; therefore, early monitoring of the frequency of the V410L mutation will be a key resistance management strategy to preserve the effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides.
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40
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dos Santos Dias L, Macoris MDLDG, Andrighetti MTM, Otrera VCG, Dias ADS, Bauzer LGSDR, Rodovalho CDM, Martins AJ, Lima JBP. Toxicity of spinosad to temephos-resistant Aedes aegypti populations in Brazil. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173689. [PMID: 28301568 PMCID: PMC5354417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of different arboviruses and represents a major public health problem. Several Brazilian populations of Ae. aegypti have developed resistance to temephos, the most used organophosphate larvicide. New tools which are less harmful to the environment and safer for humans are becoming increasingly important to control this insect vector. Spinosad, an aerobic fermentation product of a soil actinobacteria, has a favorable environmental profile. It presents selective insecticide properties, a mechanism of action that differs from those of many synthetic chemical insecticides. The toxicity of spinosad and temephos to Aedes aegypti populations from Brazil, which were previously exposed to temephos, were investigated in this study. Larval susceptibility (LC50) to temephos varied from 3μg/L for Rockefeller up to 260 μg/L for Santana do Ipanema field derived population. Larval susceptibility (LC50) to spinosad varied from 23μg/L for Rockefeller up to 93μg/L for Marilia field derived population. In addition, a semi-field trial was performed to evaluate spinosad (NatularTM DT) initial efficacy and persistence toward four field-derived lineages and the Rockefeller lineage, used as an internal control. Spinosad was tested at 0.5mg active ingredient/L in 200L capacity water tanks. Mortality was recorded each 24 hours after exposition and tanks were further recolonized once per week with mortality being recorded daily for eight weeks. Spinosad provided a level equal or superior to 80% mortality during a seven to eight week evaluation period. The assessed populations did not present cross-resistance between spinosad and temephos in laboratory conditions. It demonstrates that spinosad may be a promising larvicide for the control of Ae. aegypti, especially for populations in which resistance to temephos has been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana dos Santos Dias
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Adriana dos Santos Dias
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Soares da Rocha Bauzer
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
| | - Cynara de Melo Rodovalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—Brasil
- * E-mail:
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41
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Guedes RNC. Insecticide resistance, control failure likelihood and the First Law of Geography. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:479-484. [PMID: 27714951 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is a broadly recognized ecological backlash resulting from insecticide use and is widely reported among arthropod pest species with well-recognized underlying mechanisms and consequences. Nonetheless, insecticide resistance is the subject of evolving conceptual views that introduces a different concept useful if recognized in its own right - the risk or likelihood of control failure. Here we suggest an experimental approach to assess the likelihood of control failure of an insecticide allowing for consistent decision-making regarding management of insecticide resistance. We also challenge the current emphasis on limited spatial sampling of arthropod populations for resistance diagnosis in favor of comprehensive spatial sampling. This necessarily requires larger population sampling - aiming to use spatial analysis in area-wide surveys - to recognize focal points of insecticide resistance and/or control failure that will better direct management efforts. The continuous geographical scale of such surveys will depend on the arthropod pest species, the pattern of insecticide use and many other potential factors. Regardless, distance dependence among sampling sites should still hold, following the maxim that the closer two things are, the more they resemble each other, which is the basis of Tobler's First Law of Geography. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
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42
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Fernandes RS, Campos SS, Ferreira-de-Brito A, de Miranda RM, Barbosa da Silva KA, de Castro MG, Raphael LMS, Brasil P, Failloux AB, Bonaldo MC, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Culex quinquefasciatus from Rio de Janeiro Is Not Competent to Transmit the Local Zika Virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004993. [PMID: 27598421 PMCID: PMC5012671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Americas have suffered a dramatic epidemic of Zika since May in 2015, when Zika virus (ZIKV) was first detected in Brazil. Mosquitoes belonging to subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes, particularly Aedes aegypti, are considered the primary vectors of ZIKV. However, the rapid spread of the virus across the continent raised several concerns about the transmission dynamics, especially about potential mosquito vectors. The purpose of this work was to assess the vector competence of the house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus from an epidemic Zika area, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for local circulating ZIKV isolates. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Culex quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti (positive control of ZIKV infection) from Rio de Janeiro were orally exposed to two ZIKV strains isolated from human cases from Rio de Janeiro (Rio-U1 and Rio-S1). Fully engorged mosquitoes were held in incubators at 26 ± 1°C, 12 h:12 h light:dark cycle and 70 ± 10% humidity. For each combination mosquito population-ZIKV strain, 30 specimens were examined for infection, dissemination and transmission rates, at 7, 14 and 21 days after virus exposure by analyzing body (thorax plus abdomen), head and saliva respectively. Infection rates were minimal to completely absent in all Cx. quinquefasciatus-virus combinations and were significantly high for Ae. aegypti. Moreover, dissemination and transmission were not detected in any Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes whatever the incubation period and the ZIKV isolate. In contrast, Ae. aegypti ensured high viral dissemination and moderate to very high transmission. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The southern house mosquito Cx. quinquefasciatus from Rio de Janeiro was not competent to transmit local strains of ZIKV. Thus, there is no experimental evidence that Cx. quinquefasciatus likely plays a role in the ZIKV transmission. Consequently, at least in Rio, mosquito control to reduce ZIKV transmission should remain focused on Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Silva Campos
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lidiane M. S. Raphael
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Brasil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Myrna C. Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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