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Bertollo AG, Mingoti MED, de Medeiros J, da Silva GB, Capoani GT, Lindemann H, Cassol J, Manica D, de Oliveira T, Garcez ML, Bagatini MD, Bohnen LC, Junior WAR, Ignácio ZM. Hydroalcoholic Extract of Centella asiatica and Madecassic Acid Reverse Depressive-Like Behaviors, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adult Rats Submitted to Stress in Early Life. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04198-1. [PMID: 38703344 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe disorder that causes enormous loss of quality of life, and among the factors underlying MDD is stress in maternal deprivation (MD). In addition, classic pharmacotherapy has presented severe adverse effects. Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) demonstrates a potential neuroprotective effect but has not yet been evaluated in MD models. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of C. asiatica extract and the active compound madecassic acid on possible depressive-like behavior, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the hippocampus and serum of young rats submitted to MD in the first days of life. Rats (after the first day of birth) were separated from the mother for 3 h a day for 10 days. When adults, these animals were divided into groups and submitted to treatment for 14 days. After subjecting the animals to protocols of locomotor activity in the open field and behavioral despair in the forced swimming test, researchers then euthanized the animals. The hippocampus and serum were collected and analyzed for the inflammatory cytokines and oxidative markers. The C. asiatica extract and active compound reversed or reduced depressive-like behaviors, inflammation in the hippocampus, and oxidative stress in serum and hippocampus. These results suggest that C. asiatica and madecassic acid have potential antidepressant action, at least partially, through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gollo Bertollo
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Maiqueli Eduarda Dama Mingoti
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Jesiel de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Gilnei Bruno da Silva
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Giovana Tamara Capoani
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Community University of Chapecó Region, Unochapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Lindemann
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Community University of Chapecó Region, Unochapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Joana Cassol
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Daiane Manica
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Tacio de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Lilian Caroline Bohnen
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region, Unochapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Walter Antônio Roman Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region, Unochapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Zuleide Maria Ignácio
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil.
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Zhang RD, Chen C, Wang P, Fang Y, Jiang LQ, Fang X, Zhao Y, Ni J, Wang DG, Pan HF. Air pollution exposure and auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the musculoskeletal system: a review of epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01495-x. [PMID: 36735155 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the musculoskeletal system can be perceived as a spectrum of rheumatic diseases, with the joints and connective tissues are eroded severely that progressively develop chronic inflammation and lesion. A wide range of risk factors represented by genetic and environmental factors have been uncovered by population-based surveys and experimental studies. Lately, the exposure to air pollution has been found to be potentially involved in the mechanisms of occurrence or development of such diseases, principally manifest in oxidative stress, local and systemic inflammation, and epigenetic modifications, as well as the mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been reported to participate in the intermediate links. The lungs might serve as a starting area of air pollutants, which would cause oxidative stress-induced bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) to further to influence T, B cells, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The binding of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to the corresponding contaminant ligands tends to regulate the reaction of Th17 and Tregs. Furthermore, air pollution components might spur on immune and inflammatory responses by damaging mitochondria that could interact with and exacerbate oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we focused on the association between air pollution and typical auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the musculoskeletal system, mainly including osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and aim to collate the mechanisms involved and the potential channels. A complete summary and in-depth understanding of the autoimmune and inflammatory effects of air pollution exposure should hopefully contribute new perspectives on how to formulate better public health policies to alleviate the adverse health effects of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Di Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qiong Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Lu S, Li C, Jin X, Zhu L, Shen J, Bai M, Li Y, Xu E. Baicalin improves the energy levels in the prefrontal cortex of mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Gangopadhyay A, Ibrahim R, Theberge K, May M, Houseknecht KL. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and mental illness: Mechanisms linking mood, metabolism and medicines. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042442. [PMID: 36458039 PMCID: PMC9707801 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world and one of the leading indications for liver transplantation. It is one of the many manifestations of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome as well as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There is growing evidence linking the incidence of NAFLD with psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression mechanistically via genetic, metabolic, inflammatory and environmental factors including smoking and psychiatric medications. Indeed, patients prescribed antipsychotic medications, regardless of diagnosis, have higher incidence of NAFLD than population norms. The mechanistic pharmacology of antipsychotic-associated NAFLD is beginning to emerge. In this review, we aim to discuss the pathophysiology of NAFLD including its risk factors, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation as well as its intersection with psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen L. Houseknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
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Changes in regulators of lipid metabolism in the brain: a study of animal models of depression and hypothyroidism. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:859-870. [PMID: 35951260 PMCID: PMC9584974 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances in the brain are assumed to be early changes involved in the pathogenesis of depression, and these alterations may be intensified by a deficiency of thyroid hormones. In contrast to glucose metabolism, the link between altered brain lipids and the pathogenesis of depression is poorly understood, therefore in the present study, we determine transcription factors and enzymes regulating cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in the brain structures in an animal model of depression, hypothyroidism and the coexistence of these diseases. In used model of depression, a decrease in the active form of the transcription factor SREBP-2 in the hippocampus was demonstrated, thus suggesting a reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis. In turn, in the hypothyroidism model, the reduction of cholesterol biosynthesis in the frontal cortex was demonstrated by both the reduction of mature SREBP-2 and the concentration of enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. The lower expression of LDL receptors in the frontal cortex indicates the restriction of cholesterol uptake into the cells in the model of coexistence of depression and hypothyroidism. Moreover, the identified changes in the levels of SNAP-25, GLP-1R and GLP-2R pointed to disturbances in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection mechanisms in the examined brain structures. In conclusion, a reduction in cholesterol synthesis in the hippocampus in the model of depression may be the reason for the reduction of synaptic plasticity, whereas a lower level of LDL-R occurring in the frontal cortex in rats from the model of depression and hypothyroidism coexistence could be the reason of anxiogenic and depression-like behaviors.
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Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Robayo P, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. A new hope: Mitochondria, a critical factor in the war against prions. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:113-123. [PMID: 35623560 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases encompass a group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders that occur due to the misfolding and aggregation of infectious proteins. The most well-known prion diseases are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also known as mad cow disease), and kuru. It is estimated that around 1-2 persons per million worldwide are affected annually by prion disorders. Infectious prion proteins propagate in the brain, clustering in the cells and rapidly inducing tissue degeneration and death. Prion disease alters cell metabolism and energy production damaging mitochondrial function and dynamics leading to a fast accumulation of damage. Dysfunction of mitochondria could be considered as an early precursor and central element in the pathogenesis of prion diseases such as in sporadic CJD. Preserving mitochondria function may help to resist the rapid spread and damage of prion proteins and even clearance. In the war against prions and other degenerative diseases, studying how to preserve the function of mitochondria by using antioxidants and even replacing them with artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT/T) may bring a new hope and lead to an increase in patients' survival. In this perspective review, we provide key insights about the relationship between the progression of prion disease and mitochondria, in which understanding how protecting mitochondria function and viability by using antioxidants or AMT/T may help to develop novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador.
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Mitochondrial Genetics Reinforces Multiple Layers of Interaction in Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040880. [PMID: 35453630 PMCID: PMC9028063 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nuclear DNA remains the main source of genome-wide loci association in neurodegenerative diseases, only partially accounting for the heritability of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this context, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is gaining more attention. Here, we investigated mitochondrial genes and genetic variants that may influence mild cognitive impairment and AD, through an integrative analysis including both differential gene expression and mitochondrial genome-wide epistasis analysis. Our results highlight important layers of interactions involving mitochondrial genetics and suggest specific molecular alterations as potential biomarkers for AD. Abstract Nuclear DNA has been the main source of genome-wide loci association in neurodegenerative diseases, only partially accounting for the heritability of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this context, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is gaining more attention. Here, we investigated mitochondrial genes and genetic variants that may influence mild cognitive impairment and AD, through an integrative analysis including differential gene expression and mitochondrial genome-wide epistasis. We assessed the expression of mitochondrial genes in different brain tissues from two public RNA-Seq databases (GEO and GTEx). Then, we analyzed mtDNA from the ADNI Cohort and investigated epistasis regarding mitochondrial variants and levels of Aβ1−42, TAU, and Phosphorylated TAU (PTAU) from cognitively healthy controls, and both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD cases. We identified multiple differentially expressed mitochondrial genes in the comparisons between cognitively healthy individuals and AD patients. We also found increased protein levels in MCI and AD patients when compared to healthy controls, as well as novel candidate networks of mtDNA epistasis, which included variants in all mitochondrially-encoded oxidative phosphorylation complexes, 12S rRNA and MT-DLOOP. Our results highlight layers of potential interactions involving mitochondrial genetics and suggest specific molecular alterations as potential biomarkers for AD.
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Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Robayo P, Argueta-Zamora D, Sanon S, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. The war against Alzheimer, the mitochondrion strikes back! Mitochondrion 2022; 64:125-135. [PMID: 35337984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading neurodegenerative pathology associated with aging worldwide. It is estimated that AD prevalence will increase from 5.8 million people today to 13.8 million by 2050 in the United States alone. AD effects in the brain are well known; however, there is still a lack of knowledge about the cellular mechanisms behind the origin of AD. It is known that AD induces cellular stress affecting the energy metabolism in brain cells. During the pathophysiological advancement of AD, damaged mitochondria enter a vicious cycle, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), harming mitochondrial DNA and proteins, leading to more ROS and cellular death. Additionally, mitochondria are interconnected with the plaques formed by amyloid-β in AD and have underlying roles in the progression of the disease and severity. For years, the biomedical field struggled to develop new therapeutic options for AD without a significant advancement. However, mitochondria are striking back existing outside cells in a new mechanism of intercellular communication. Extracellular mitochondria are exchanged from healthy to damaged cells to rescue those with a perturbed metabolism in a process that could be applied as a new therapeutic option to repair those brain cells affected by AD. In this review we highlight key aspects of mitochondria's role in CNS' physiology and neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on AD. We also suggest how mitochondria strikes back as a therapeutic target and as a potential agent to be transplanted to repair neurons affected by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Spohr L, Soares MSP, Bona NP, Pedra NS, Barschak AG, Alvariz RM, Vizzotto M, Lencina CL, Stefanello FM, Spanevello RM. Effect of blueberry extract on energetic metabolism, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and Ca 2+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats submitted to ketamine-induced mania-like behavior. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:835-847. [PMID: 35043268 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disease characterized by mood episodes. Blueberry is rich in bioactive compounds and shows excellent therapeutic potential against chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of blueberry extract on behavior, energetic metabolism, Ca2+-ATPase activity, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats submitted to an animal model of mania induced by ketamine. Vehicle, lithium (45 mg/kg, twice a day), or blueberry extract (200 mg/kg), was orally administered to Wistar rats for 14 days. Ketamine (25 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally, once a day, between the 8th and 14th day. On the 15th day, animals received ketamine or vehicle and were subjected to the open field test. Our results demonstrated that the administration of lithium and blueberry extract prevented ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion (P < 0.01). Blueberry extract attenuated the ketamine-induced reduction in the activity of complex I in the cerebral cortex (P < 0.05). Additionally, the administration of ketamine reduced the activities of complexes I and IV (P < 0.05) and citrate synthase in the hippocampus (P < 0.01). However, blueberry extract attenuated the inhibition in the activity of complex IV (P < 0.01). Furthermore, ketamine reduced the Ca2+-ATPase activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.05); however, blueberry extract prevented the change in the cerebral cortex (P < 0.05). There were no significant alterations in the levels of BDNF (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this suggested that the blueberry extract can serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for studies searching for novel therapeutic alternatives for BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Spohr
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Prédio 29, Campus Capão do Leão, s/n, Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, RS, CEP 9601090, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Prédio 29, Campus Capão do Leão, s/n, Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, RS, CEP 9601090, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Prédio 29, Campus Capão do Leão, s/n, Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, RS, CEP 9601090, Brazil
| | - Alethéa Gatto Barschak
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Martins Alvariz
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia Vizzotto
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Claiton Leoneti Lencina
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Prédio 29, Campus Capão do Leão, s/n, Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, RS, CEP 9601090, Brazil.
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10
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Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Noboa L, Argueta-Zamora D, Robayo P, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. Fighting Parkinson's disease: the return of the mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:34-44. [PMID: 35218960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, worldwide. PD neuro-energetically affects the extrapyramidal system, by the progressive loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor impairment. During the progression of PD, there will be an increase in mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), stress and accumulation of α-synuclein in neurons. This results in mitochondrial mutations altering their function and fission-fusion mechanisms and central nervous system (CNS) degeneration. Intracellular mitochondrial dysfunction has been studied for a long time in PD due to the decline of mitochondrial dynamics inside neurons. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have been known to contribute to several CNS pathologies especially PD pathogenesis. New and exciting evidence regarding the exchange of mitochondria between healthy to damaged cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the therapeutic use of the artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT) marked a return of this organelle to develop innovative therapeutic procedures for PD. The focus of this review aims to shed light on the role of mitochondria, both intra and extracellularly in PD, and how AMT could be used to generate new potential therapies in the fight against PD. Moreover, we suggest that mitochondrial therapy could work as a preventative measure, motivating the field to move towards this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Noboa
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; 7 Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
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11
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Mitochondrial transplantation improves anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in aged stress-exposed rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 202:111632. [PMID: 35065970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and abnormalities in the tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (Kyn) pathway are linked to age-related mood disorders. This study investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the mitochondria isolated from young rat brain on depression-like behaviors of aged rats subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS). Aged (22 months old) male rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Aged, Aged + Mit, Aged + CMS, and Aged + CMS + Mit. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were assessed using elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP levels, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) levels, and Kyn metabolites were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Golgi Cox staining was used to investigate the neuronal morphology. Mitotherapy decreased immobility time and anhedonia in the FST; increased open arm time and entries in the EPM; decreased grooming and increased rearing, center time, and the entrance in the OFT. Mitotherapy also reduced IDO and Kyn metabolites, restored MMP and ATP production, and enhanced dendritic length and spine density in the PFC. Overall, mitotherapy improved anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in aged rats and it could be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for age-related depressive disorders.
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12
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Thorne BN, Ellenbroek BA, Day DJ. The serotonin reuptake transporter modulates mitochondrial copy number and mitochondrial respiratory complex gene expression in the frontal cortex and cerebellum in a sexually dimorphic manner. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:869-879. [PMID: 35043462 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are complex conditions attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. There is a growing body of evidence showing that serotonergic signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the pathophysiology of these disorders and are linked as signaling through specific serotonin (5-HT) receptors drives mitochondrial biogenesis. The serotonin transporter (SERT) is important in these disorders as it regulates synaptic serotonin and therapeutically is the target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors which are a major class of anti-depressant drug. Human allelic variants of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) such as the S/S variant, are associated with reduced SERT expression and increased susceptibility for developing neuropsychiatric disorders. Using a rat model that is haploinsufficient for SERT and displays reduced SERT expression similar to the human S/S variant, we demonstrate that reduced SERT expression modulates mitochondrial copy number and expression of respiratory chain electron transfer components in the brain. In the frontal cortex, genotype-related trends were opposing for males and females, such that reduced SERT expression led to increased expression of the Complex I subunit mt-Nd1 in males but reduced expression in females. Our findings suggest that SERT expression and serotonergic signaling have a role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the brain. We speculate that the sexual dimorphism in mitochondrial abundance and gene expression contributes to the sex bias found in the incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders such as MDD and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony N Thorne
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bart A Ellenbroek
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington Faculty of Science, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Darren J Day
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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13
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Wang Q, Lu M, Zhu X, Gu X, Zhang T, Xia C, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhou M. Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Possible Mechanism Links Early Life Anxiety to Alzheimer’s Disease in Later Life. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1127-1145. [PMID: 35855329 PMCID: PMC9286915 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengna Lu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Mingmei Zhou, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. E-mail:
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14
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Guo W, Tang ZY, Cai ZY, Zhao WE, Yang J, Wang XP, Ji J, Huang XX, Sun XL. Iptakalim alleviates synaptic damages via targeting mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in depression. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21581. [PMID: 33871072 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100124rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity damages play a crucial role in the onset and development of depression, especially in the hippocampus, which is more susceptible to stress and the most frequently studied brain region in depression. And, mitochondria have a major function in executing the complex processes of neurotransmission and plasticity. We have previously demonstrated that Iptakalim (Ipt), a new ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channel opener, could improve the depressive-like behavior in mice. But the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present study demonstrated that Ipt reversed depressive-like phenotype in vivo (chronic mild stress-induced mice model of depression) and in vitro (corticosterone-induced cellular model). Further study showed that Ipt could upregulate the synaptic-related proteins postsynaptic density 95 (PSD 95) and synaptophysin (SYN), and alleviated the synaptic structure damage. Moreover, Ipt could reverse the abnormal mitochondrial fission and fusion, as well as the reduced mitochondrial ATP production and collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential in depressive models. Knocking down the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (Mito-KATP) channel subunit MitoK partly blocked the above effects of Ipt. Therefore, our results reveal that Ipt can alleviate the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and function depending on MitoK, contributing to improve synaptic plasticity and exert antidepressive effects. These findings provide a candidate compound and a novel target for antidepressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yang Tang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cai
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-E Zhao
- Analysis Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Peng Wang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Huang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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15
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Su LY, Liu Q, Jiao L, Yao YG. Molecular Mechanism of Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin on Morphine Addiction and Analgesic Tolerance: an Update. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4628-4638. [PMID: 34148215 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a global health problem and continues to place an enormous financial burden on society. This addiction is characterized by drug dependence sensitization and craving. Morphine has been widely used for pain relief, but chronic administration of morphine causes analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, and addiction, all of which limit its clinical usage. Alterations of multiple molecular pathways have been reported to be involved in the development of drug addiction, including mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive oxidative stress and nitric oxide stress, and increased levels of apoptosis, autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the co-administration of melatonin with morphine leads to a reversal of these affected pathways. In addition, murine models have shown that melatonin improves morphine-induced analgesic tolerance and addictive behaviors, such as behavioral sensitization, reward effect, and physical dependence. In this review, we attempt to summarize the recent findings about the beneficial effect and molecular mechanism of melatonin on mitochondrial dysfunction, uncontrolled autophagy, and neuroinflammation in morphine addiction and morphine analgesic tolerance. We propose that melatonin might be a useful supplement in the treatment opiate abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qianjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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16
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Głombik K, Detka J, Budziszewska B. Venlafaxine and L-Thyroxine Treatment Combination: Impact on Metabolic and Synaptic Plasticity Changes in an Animal Model of Coexisting Depression and Hypothyroidism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061394. [PMID: 34198731 PMCID: PMC8227539 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical effectiveness of supportive therapy with thyroid hormones in drug-resistant depression is well-known; however, the mechanisms of action of these hormones in the adult brain have not been fully elucidated to date. We determined the effects of venlafaxine and/or L-thyroxine on metabolic parameters and markers involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and cell damage in an animal model of coexisting depression and hypothyroidism, namely, Wistar Kyoto rats treated with propylthiouracil. In this model, in relation to the depression model itself, the glycolysis process in the brain was weakened, and a reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase in the frontal cortex was normalized only by the combined treatment with L-thyroxine and venlafaxine, whereas changes in pyruvate and lactate levels were affected by all applied therapies. None of the drugs improved the decrease in the expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes. No intensification of glucocorticoid action was shown, while an unfavorable change caused by the lack of thyroid hormones was an increase in the caspase-1 level, which was not reversed by venlafaxine alone. The results indicated that the combined administration of drugs was more effective in normalizing glycolysis and the transition to the Krebs cycle than the use of venlafaxine or L-thyroxine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Głombik
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.D.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-662-33-94
| | - Jan Detka
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.D.); (B.B.)
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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17
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Ling-Hu T, Liu SB, Gao Y, Han YM, Tian JS, Qin XM. Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics Reveals the Abnormal Brain Glucose Catabolism in Depression Based on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rats. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3549-3558. [PMID: 34077228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The severe harm of depression to human life has attracted great attention to neurologists, but its pathogenesis is extremely complicated and has not yet been fully elaborated. Here, we provided a new strategy for revealing the specific pathways of abnormal brain glucose catabolism in depression, based on the supply of energy substrates and the evaluation of the mitochondrial structure and function. By using stable isotope-resolved metabolomics, we discovered that the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is blocked and gluconeogenesis is abnormally activated in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. In addition, our results showed an interesting phenomenon that the brain attempted to activate all possible metabolic enzymes in energy-producing pathways, but CUMS rats still exhibited a low TCA cycle activity due to impaired mitochondria. Depression caused the mitochondrial structure and function to be impaired and then led to abnormal brain glucose catabolism. The combination of the stable isotope-resolved metabolomics and mitochondrial structure and function analysis can accurately clarify the mechanism of depression. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and acetyl-CoA may be the key targets for depression treatment. The strategy provides a unique insight for exploring the mechanism of depression, the discovery of new targets, and the development of ideal novel antidepressants. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025548.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ling-Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.,The Institute for Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Shao-Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.,The Institute for Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu-Mei Han
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.,The Institute for Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.,The Institute for Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
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18
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Caicedo A, Zambrano K, Sanon S, Gavilanes AWD. Extracellular mitochondria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Potential types and key roles in central nervous system (CNS) physiology and pathogenesis. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:255-269. [PMID: 33662579 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has an important role in the transport of nutrients and signaling molecules to the central nervous and immune systems through its circulation along the brain and spinal cord tissues. The mitochondrial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential in processes such as neuroplasticity, neural differentiation and production of neurotransmitters. Interestingly, extracellular and active mitochondria have been detected in the CSF where they act as a biomarker for the outcome of pathologies such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and delayed cerebral ischemia. Additionally, cell-free-circulating mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) has been detected in both the CSF of healthy donors and in that of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Key questions arise as there is still much debate regarding if ccf-mtDNA detected in CSF is associated with a diversity of active or inactive extracellular mitochondria coexisting in distinct pathologies. Additionally, it is of great scientific and medical importance to identify the role of extracellular mitochondria (active and inactive) in the CSF and the difference between them being damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or factors that promote homeostasis. This review analyzes the different types of extracellular mitochondria, methods for their identification and their presence in CSF. Extracellular mitochondria in the CSF could have an important implication in health and disease, which may lead to the development of medical approaches that utilize mitochondria as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Serena Sanon
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Scaini G, Andrews T, Lima CNC, Benevenuto D, Streck EL, Quevedo J. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical event in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:23-36. [PMID: 33340709 PMCID: PMC10494232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) remains modest, despite recent advances in neurobiological research. The mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis of bipolar disorder has been corroborated by several studies involving postmortem brain analysis, neuroimaging, and specific biomarkers in both rodent models and humans. Evidence suggests that BD might be related to abnormal mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, neuroimmune dysfunction, and atypical mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction in mood disorders is also associated with abnormal Ca2+ levels, glutamate excitotoxicity, an imbalance between pro- and antiapoptotic proteins towards apoptosis, abnormal gene expression of electron transport chain complexes, and decreased ATP synthesis. This paper aims to review and discuss the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in BD etiology and to explore mitochondria as a potential target for novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Taylor Andrews
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camila N C Lima
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Benevenuto
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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20
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Klein IL, van de Loo KFE, Smeitink JAM, Janssen MCH, Kessels RPC, van Karnebeek CD, van der Veer E, Custers JAE, Verhaak CM. Cognitive functioning and mental health in mitochondrial disease: A systematic scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:57-77. [PMID: 33582231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are rare, heterogeneous, hereditary and progressive in nature. In addition to the serious somatic symptoms, patients with MD also experience problems regarding their cognitive functioning and mental health. We provide an overview of all published studies reporting on any aspect of cognitive functioning and/or mental health in patients with MD and their relatives. A total of 58 research articles and 45 case studies were included and critically reviewed. Cognitive impairments in multiple domains were reported. Mental disorders were frequently reported, especially depression and anxiety. Furthermore, most studies showed impairments in self-reported psychological functioning and high prevalence of mental health problems in (matrilineal) relatives. The included studies showed heterogeneity regarding patient samples, measurement instruments and reference groups, making comparisons cautious. Results highlight a high prevalence of cognitive impairments and mental disorders in patients with MD. Recommendations for further research as well as tailored patientcare with standardized follow-up are provided. Key gaps in the literature are identified, of which studies on natural history are of highest importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge-Lot Klein
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kim F E van de Loo
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan A M Smeitink
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Khondrion BV, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirian C H Janssen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Psychology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, Postbus 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, d'n Herk 90, 5803 DN, Venray, the Netherlands
| | - Clara D van Karnebeek
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elja van der Veer
- International Mito Patients Association, 2861 AD, Bergambacht, the Netherlands
| | - José A E Custers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne M Verhaak
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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21
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Carteri RB, Menegassi LN, Feldmann M, Kopczynski A, Rodolphi MS, Strogulski NR, Almeida AS, Marques DM, Porciúncula LO, Portela LV. Intermittent fasting promotes anxiolytic-like effects unrelated to synaptic mitochondrial function and BDNF support. Behav Brain Res 2021; 404:113163. [PMID: 33549686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased neurotrophic support. Since anxiolytic drugs target mitochondria, non-pharmacological approaches to improve mitochondrial metabolism such as intermittent fasting (IF) may cause parallel behavioral benefits against anxiety disorders. Here, we investigated whether a chronic IF regimen could induce anxiolytic-like effects concomitantly to modulation in mitochondrial bioenergetics and trophic signaling in mice brain. A total of 44 Male C57BL/6 J mice (180 days old) were assigned to two dietary regimens: a normal, ad libitum diet (AL group) and an alternate-day fasting (IF group), where animals underwent 10 cycles of 24 h food restriction followed by 24 h ad libitum access. Animals underwent the open field test, dark/light box and elevated plus maze tasks. Isolated nerve terminals were obtained from mice brain and used for mitochondrial respirometry, hydrogen peroxide production and assessment of membrane potential dynamics, calcium handling and western blotting. We showed that IF significantly alters total daily food intake and food consumption patterns but not body weight. There were no differences in the exploratory and locomotory parameters. Remarkably, animals from IF showed decreased anxiety-like behavior. Mitochondrial metabolic responses in different coupling states and parameters linked with H2O2 production, Ca2+ buffering and electric gradient were not different between groups. Finally, no alterations in molecular indicators of apoptotic death (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio) and neuroplasticity (proBDNF/BDNF and synaptophysin were observed). In conclusion, IF exerts anxiolytic-like effect not associated with modulation in synaptic neuronergetics or expression of neurotrophic proteins. These results highlight a potential benefit of intermittent fasting as a nutritional intervention in anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhall B Carteri
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metodista - Instituto Porto Alegre (IPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Lizia Nardi Menegassi
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marceli Feldmann
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Salimen Rodolphi
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan Ryzewski Strogulski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Staldoni Almeida
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Melo Marques
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores - Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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22
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He M, Ma Y, Wang R, Zhang J, Jing L, Li PA. Deletion of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 Exacerbates Mitochondrial Damage in Mice Subjected to Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury under both Normo- and Hyperglycemic Conditions. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2788-2802. [PMID: 33061796 PMCID: PMC7545711 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.48204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has been shown to aggravate ischemic damage in the brain. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of homozygous UCP2 deletion (UCP2-/-) on mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamic balance in ischemic mice under normo- and hyperglycemic conditions. UCP2-/- and wildtype mice were subjected to a 60 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and allowed reperfusion for 6h, 24h and 72h. Our results demonstrated that deletion of UCP2 enlarged infarct volumes and increased numbers of cell death in both normo- and hyperglycemic ischemic mice compared with their wildtype counterparts subjected to the same duration of ischemia and reperfusion. The detrimental effects of UCP deletion were associated with increased ROS production, elevated mitochondrial fission markers Drp1 and Fis1 and suppressed fusion markers Opa1 and Mfn2 in UCP2-/- mice. Electron microscopic study demonstrated a marked mitochondrial swolling after 6h of reperfusion in UCP2-/- mice, contrasting to a mild mitochondrial swolling in wildtype ischemic animals. It is concluded that the exacerbating effects of UCP2-/- on ischemic outcome in both normo- and hyperglycemic animals are associated with increased ROS production, disturbed mitochondrial dynamic balance towards fission and early damage to mitochondrial ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maotao He
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Yanmei Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Li Jing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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23
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Yang L, Youngblood H, Wu C, Zhang Q. Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:19. [PMID: 32475349 PMCID: PMC7262767 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the formation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are important factors contributing to the development of brain disease. Ample evidence suggests mitochondria are a promising target for neuroprotection. Recently, methods targeting mitochondria have been considered as potential approaches for treatment of brain disease through the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative injury. This review will discuss two widely studied approaches for the improvement of brain mitochondrial respiration, methylene blue (MB) and photobiomodulation (PBM). MB is a widely studied drug with potential beneficial effects in animal models of brain disease, as well as limited human studies. Similarly, PBM is a non-invasive treatment that promotes energy production and reduces both oxidative stress and inflammation, and has garnered increasing attention in recent years. MB and PBM have similar beneficial effects on mitochondrial function, oxidative damage, inflammation, and subsequent behavioral symptoms. However, the mechanisms underlying the energy enhancing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of MB and PBM differ. This review will focus on mitochondrial dysfunction in several different brain diseases and the pathological improvements following MB and PBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hannah Youngblood
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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24
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Ridout KK, Coe JL, Parade SH, Marsit CJ, Kao HT, Porton B, Carpenter LL, Price LH, Tyrka AR. Molecular markers of neuroendocrine function and mitochondrial biogenesis associated with early life stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104632. [PMID: 32199200 PMCID: PMC7887859 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) promoter methylation influences cellular expression of the glucocorticoid receptor and is a proposed mechanism by which early life stress impacts neuroendocrine function. Mitochondria are sensitive and responsive to neuroendocrine stress signaling through the glucocorticoid receptor, and recent evidence with this sample and others shows that mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is increased in adults with a history of early stress. No prior work has examined the role of NR3C1 methylation in the association between early life stress and mtDNAcn alterations. METHODS Adult participants (n = 290) completed diagnostic interviews and questionnaires characterizing early stress and lifetime psychiatric symptoms. Medical conditions, active substance abuse, and prescription medications other than oral contraceptives were exclusionary. Subjects with a history of lifetime bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, or psychotic disorders were excluded; individuals with other forms of major psychopathology were included. Whole blood mtDNAcn was measured using qPCR; NR3C1 methylation was measured via pyrosequencing. Multiple regression and bootstrapping procedures tested NR3C1 methylation as a mediator of effects of early stress on mtDNAcn. RESULTS The positive association between early adversity and mtDNAcn (p = .02) was mediated by negative associations of early adversity with NR3C1 methylation (p = .02) and NR3C1 methylation with mtDNAcn (p < .001). The indirect effect involving early adversity, NR3C1 methylation, and mtDNAcn was significant (95 % CI [.002, .030]). CONCLUSIONS NR3C1 methylation significantly mediates the association between early stress and mtDNAcn, suggesting that glucocorticoid receptor signaling may be a mechanistic pathway underlying mtDNAcn alterations of interest for future longitudinal work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn K Ridout
- Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente, San Jose, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jesse L Coe
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie H Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara Porton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H Price
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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25
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Balasubramanian N, Srivastava A, Pawar N, Sagarkar S, Sakharkar AJ. Repeated mild traumatic brain injury induces persistent variations in mitochondrial DNA copy number in mesocorticolimbic neurocircuitry of the rat. Neurosci Res 2020; 155:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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He M, Zhang T, Fan Y, Ma Y, Zhang J, Jing L, Li PA. Deletion of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 exacerbates mitophagy and cell apoptosis after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2869-2878. [PMID: 33162815 PMCID: PMC7645345 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a member of inner mitochondrial membrane proteins and deletion of UCP2 exacerbates brain damage after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Nevertheless, its functional role during cerebral I/R is not entirely understood. The objective of present study was to explore the influence of UCP2 deletion on mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and mitochondria-mediated cell death pathway after cerebral I/R. Methods: UCP2-/- and wildtype (WT) mice were subjected to 60 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and allowed reperfusion for 24 hours. Infarct volume and histological outcomes were assessed, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy markers were measured, and mitochondrial ultrastructure was examined. Results: Deletion of UCP2 enlarged infarct volume, increased numbers of necrotic and TUNEL positive cells, and significantly increased pro-apoptotic protein levels in UCP2-/- mice compared with WT mice subjected to the same duration of I/R. Further, deletion of UCP2 increased ROS production, elevated LC3, Beclin1 and PINK1, while it suppressed p62 compared with respective WT ischemic controls. Electron microscopic study demonstrated the number of autophagosomes was higher in the UCP2-/- group, compared with the WT group. Conclusions: It is concluded that deletion of UCP2 exacerbates cerebral I/R injury via reinforcing mitophagy and cellular apoptosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maotao He
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yucheng Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yanmei Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Li Jing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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27
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Kade AK, Kravchenko SV, Trofimenko AI, Chaplygina KY, Ananeva EI, Poliakov PP, Lipatova AS. [The efficacy of tes-therapy for treatment of anxiety-like behavior and motor disorders in rats with an experimental model of parkinsonism]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:91-96. [PMID: 31626224 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911909191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the efficacy of transcranial electrostimulation TES for treatmnet of anxiety-like behavior and motor disorders in rats with rotenone-induced parkinsonism. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed on 30 mature male-rats. Animals were divided into following groups: control, intact rats (group 1); rats with an experimental model of parkinsonism without treatment (group 2); rats with an experimental model of parkinsonism, which had 7 sessions of TES-therapy (group 3), the number of rats in each group was 10. The parkinsonism model was achieved by daily rotenone administration for 28 days. Parkinsonism's markers were assessed using 3-point scale; anxiety-like behavior and motor activity were assessed in the open-field test. TES was performed using TRANSAIR-stimulator for 7 days. Substantia nigra slices were stained with hematoxylin and Lillie's staining for neuromelanin. RESULTS The rats of group 3 show less neurological deficits, less anxiety-like behavior and less neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. There are a decrease in individual total scores of motor disorders by 50%, a decrease in the level of anxiety-like behavior or the absence of its increase in the open-field test. CONCLUSION TES-therapy may be used as an additional non-pharmacological treatment of motor and related non-motor damage in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kh Kade
- Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia
| | | | - A I Trofimenko
- Scientific Research Institute - Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital #1, Krasnodar, Russia
| | | | - E I Ananeva
- Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - P P Poliakov
- Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - A S Lipatova
- Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia
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28
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Hippocampal proteomic changes of susceptibility and resilience to depression or anxiety in a rat model of chronic mild stress. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:260. [PMID: 31624233 PMCID: PMC6797788 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stressful occurrences are documented as a vital cause of both depression and anxiety disorders. However, the stress-induced molecular mechanisms underlying the common and distinct pathophysiology of these disorders remains largely unclear. We utilized a chronic mild stress (CMS) rat model to differentiate and subgroup depression-susceptible, anxiety-susceptible, and insusceptible rats. The hippocampus was analyzed for differential proteomes by combining mass spectrometry and the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling technique. Out of 2593 quantified proteins, 367 were aberrantly expressed. These hippocampal protein candidates might be associated with susceptibility to stress-induced depression or anxiety and stress resilience. They provide the potential protein systems involved in various metabolic pathways as novel investigative protein targets. Further, independent immunoblot analysis identified changes in Por, Idh2 and Esd; Glo1, G6pdx, Aldh2, and Dld; Dlat, Ogdhl, Anxal, Tpp2, and Sdha that were specifically associated to depression-susceptible, anxiety-susceptible, or insusceptible groups respectively, suggesting that identical CMS differently impacted the mitochondrial and metabolic processes in the hippocampus. Collectively, the observed alterations to protein abundance profiles of the hippocampus provided significant and novel insights into the stress regulation mechanism in a CMS rat model. This might serve as the molecular basis for further studies that would contributed to a better understanding of the similarities and differences in pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression or anxiety, and stress resiliency.
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29
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Ridout KK, Parade SH, Kao HT, Magnan S, Seifer R, Porton B, Price LH, Tyrka AR. Childhood maltreatment, behavioral adjustment, and molecular markers of cellular aging in preschool-aged children: A cohort study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:261-269. [PMID: 31174164 PMCID: PMC7839663 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is a major risk factor for the development of behavioral problems and poor physical and mental health. Accelerated cellular aging, through reduced telomere length and mitochondrial dysfunction, may be a mechanism underlying these associations. METHODS Families with (n = 133) and without (n = 123) child welfare documentation of moderate-severe maltreatment in the past six months participated in this study. Children ranged in age from 3 to 5 years, were racially and ethnically diverse, and 91% qualified for public assistance. Structured record review and interviews were used to assess a history of maltreatment and other adversities. Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) were measured from saliva DNA using real-time PCR. Measures were repeated at a six-month follow-up assessment. Repeated measures general linear models were used to examine the effects of maltreatment and other adversities on telomere length and mtDNAcn over time. RESULTS Maltreatment and other adverse experiences were significant positive predictors of both telomere length and mtDNAcn over time. Internalizing and externalizing behavior problems were also both significantly associated with telomere length, but only internalizing symptoms were associated with mtDNAcn. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that mtDNAcn is altered in children with stress and trauma, and the findings are consistent with recent studies of adults. Surprisingly, children who experienced moderate-severe levels of maltreatment in the prior six months had longer telomeres, possibly reflecting compensatory changes in response to recent trauma. Telomere length and mtDNAcn were also associated with behavioral problems, suggesting that these measures of cellular aging may be causally implicated in the pathophysiology of stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn K. Ridout
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stevie Magnan
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara Porton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Address Correspondence to: Audrey R. Tyrka, M.D., Ph.D., Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI 02906. TEL: (401) 455-6520. FAX: (401) 455-6534.
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Holper L, Lan MJ, Brown PJ, Sublette ME, Burke A, Mann JJ. Brain cytochrome-c-oxidase as a marker of mitochondrial function: A pilot study in major depression using NIRS. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:766-779. [PMID: 31111623 PMCID: PMC6716511 DOI: 10.1002/da.22913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Brain cytochrome-c-oxidase (COX) activity is associated with the mitochondrial function. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) noninvasively measures oxidized COX (oxCOX) and tissue oxygenation index (TOI) reflecting cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. METHODS oxCOX and TOI were assessed in prefrontal cortex (Fp1/2, Brodmann area 10) in patients in a major depressive episode (N = 13) with major depressive disorder (MDD; N = 7) and bipolar disorder (BD; N = 6) compared with the controls (N = 10). One patient with MDD and all the patients with BD were taking medications. Computational modeling estimated oxCOX and TOI related indices of mitochondrial function and cerebral blood flow, respectively. RESULTS oxCOX was lower in patients than controls (p = .014) correlating inversely with depression severity (r = -.72; p = .006), driven primarily by lower oxCOX in BD compared with the controls. Computationally modeled mitochondrial parameters of the electron transport chain, such as the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ratio (NAD+ /NADH; p = .001) and the proton leak rate across the inner mitochondrial membrane (klk2 ; p = .008), were also lower in patients and correlated inversely with depression severity. No such effects were found for TOI. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, oxCOX and related mitochondrial parameters assessed by NIRS indicate an abnormal cerebral metabolic state in mood disorders proportional to depression severity, potentially providing a biomarker of antidepressant effect. Because the effect was driven by the medicated BD group, findings need to be evaluated in a larger, medication-free population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Holper
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - MJ Lan
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - PJ Brown
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - ME Sublette
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - A Burke
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - JJ Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
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31
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Monroy-Jaramillo N, Dyukova E, Walss-Bass C. Telomere length in psychiatric disorders: Is it more than an ageing marker? World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 19:S2-S20. [PMID: 28000540 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1273550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychiatric and substance-use disorders have been associated with premature biological ageing. Telomere length (TL), considered an ageing marker, has been analysed in psychiatric disorders, and to a lesser extent in substance-use disorders, with recent findings suggesting TL may be related to disease pathology. METHODS We conducted a critical and non-systematic literature search of TL studies published up to June 2016 in psychiatric and substance-use disorders, focussing on studies describing mechanisms, including studies linking telomere biology with genetic factors, stress and mitochondrial alterations (104 studies selected). RESULTS Patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety appear to have shorter leukocyte telomeres compared to controls. Inconclusive results are found for other psychiatric disorders and for substance-use disorders. This may be due in part to differences in medication treatment and response, as studies suggest that some psychotropic medications may modulate TL. Importantly, some studies establish a relationship between telomere machinery, stress and mitochondria function in psychiatric and substance-use disorders. CONCLUSIONS While further longitudinal studies considering telomere genetics are needed to clarify the cause-effect link between telomeres and mitochondria function in psychiatric and substance-use disorders, the recent findings linking these biological processes suggest that telomeres may be more than ageing markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Genetics , National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Elena Dyukova
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhong Z, Yao Z, Qu S, Huang Y. Electroacupuncture Improves Antidepressant Effects in CUMS Rats by Protecting Hippocampal Synapse and Mitochondrion: An Ultrastructural and iTRAQ Proteomic Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:3424698. [PMID: 31118955 PMCID: PMC6500624 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3424698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is considered a complementary therapy for depression. Trials also found that EA has additive benefits when combined with medication compared with medication alone. It is revealed that EA restores altered hippocampal synaptic plasticity in depressed brain. But precise molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of EA and EA combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on depressed (CUMS) rats. Then a new proteomics approach, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), was used to explore the differential expressed synaptic protein in hippocampus between CUMS and EA-treated rats to identify the possible target molecular mechanism of its effects. We found that EA had additive benefit against depressive behaviors when combined with SSRI. Ultrastructure study on neuron showed significant change in postsynapse density (PSD) and mitochondrion. Through iTRAQ, it is found that synaptic and mitochondrial proteins were significantly changed after EA, consisting with ultrastructure study results. These findings suggest that EA improves antidepressant performance in depressed rats through protecting synaptic and mitochondrial functions in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhinan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Jiping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Zengyu Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Shanshan Qu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
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Basaranlar G, Derin N, Kencebay Manas C, Tanriover G, Aslan M. The effects of sulfite on cPLA2, caspase-3, oxidative stress and locomotor activity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:453-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Babenko VN, Smagin DA, Galyamina AG, Kovalenko IL, Kudryavtseva NN. Altered Slc25 family gene expression as markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in brain regions under experimental mixed anxiety/depression-like disorder. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:79. [PMID: 30537945 PMCID: PMC6288882 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of anxiety- and depression-like states under chronic social defeat stress in mice has been shown by many experimental studies. In this article, the differentially expressed Slc25* family genes encoding mitochondrial carrier proteins were analyzed in the brain of depressive (defeated) mice versus aggressive mice winning in everyday social confrontations. The collected samples of brain regions were sequenced at JSC Genoanalytica ( http://genoanalytica.ru/ , Moscow, Russia). RESULTS Changes in the expression of the 20 Slc25* genes in the male mice were brain region- and social experience (positive or negative)-specific. In particular, most Slc25* genes were up-regulated in the hypothalamus of defeated and aggressive mice and in the hippocampus of defeated mice. In the striatum of defeated mice and in the ventral tegmental area of aggressive mice expression of mitochondrial transporter genes changed specifically. Significant correlations between expression of most Slc25* genes and mitochondrial Mrps and Mrpl genes were found in the brain regions. CONCLUSION Altered expression of the Slc25* genes may serve as a marker of mitochondrial dysfunction in brain, which accompanies the development of many neurological and psychoemotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Babenko
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Modeling, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Dmitry A Smagin
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Modeling, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna G Galyamina
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Modeling, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina L Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Modeling, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia N Kudryavtseva
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Modeling, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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35
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Chronic Energy Depletion due to Iron Deficiency Impairs Dendritic Mitochondrial Motility during Hippocampal Neuron Development. J Neurosci 2018; 39:802-813. [PMID: 30523068 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1504-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, neurons require highly integrated metabolic machinery to meet the large energy demands of growth, differentiation, and synaptic activity within their complex cellular architecture. Dendrites/axons require anterograde trafficking of mitochondria for local ATP synthesis to support these processes. Acute energy depletion impairs mitochondrial dynamics, but how chronic energy insufficiency affects mitochondrial trafficking and quality control during neuronal development is unknown. Because iron deficiency impairs mitochondrial respiration/ATP production, we treated mixed-sex embryonic mouse hippocampal neuron cultures with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) to model chronic energetic insufficiency and its effects on mitochondrial dynamics during neuronal development. At 11 days in vitro (DIV), DFO reduced average mitochondrial speed by increasing the pause frequency of individual dendritic mitochondria. Time spent in anterograde motion was reduced; retrograde motion was spared. The average size of moving mitochondria was reduced, and the expression of fusion and fission genes was altered, indicating impaired mitochondrial quality control. Mitochondrial density was not altered, suggesting that respiratory capacity and not location is the key factor for mitochondrial regulation of early dendritic growth/branching. At 18 DIV, the overall density of mitochondria within terminal dendritic branches was reduced in DFO-treated neurons, which may contribute to the long-term deficits in connectivity and synaptic function following early-life iron deficiency. The study provides new insights into the cross-regulation between energy production and dendritic mitochondrial dynamics during neuronal development and may be particularly relevant to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, many of which are characterized by impaired brain iron homeostasis, energy metabolism and mitochondrial trafficking.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study uses a primary neuronal culture model of iron deficiency to address a gap in understanding of how dendritic mitochondrial dynamics are regulated when energy depletion occurs during a critical period of neuronal maturation. At the beginning of peak dendritic growth/branching, iron deficiency reduces mitochondrial speed through increased pause frequency, decreases mitochondrial size, and alters fusion/fission gene expression. At this stage, mitochondrial density in terminal dendrites is not altered, suggesting that total mitochondrial oxidative capacity and not trafficking is the main mechanism underlying dendritic complexity deficits in iron-deficient neurons. Our findings provide foundational support for future studies exploring the mechanistic role of developmental mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders characterized by mitochondrial energy production and trafficking deficits.
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Fedoce ADG, Ferreira F, Bota RG, Bonet-Costa V, Sun PY, Davies KJA. The role of oxidative stress in anxiety disorder: cause or consequence? Free Radic Res 2018; 52:737-750. [PMID: 29742940 PMCID: PMC6218334 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1475733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the USA affecting 18% of the population. The cause(s) of anxiety disorders is/are not completely clear, and research in the neurobiology of anxiety at the molecular level is still rather limited. Although mounting clinical and preclinical evidence now indicates that oxidative stress may be a major component of anxiety pathology, whether oxidative stress is the cause or consequence remains elusive. Studies conducted over the past few years suggest that anxiety disorders may be characterised by lowered antioxidant defences and increased oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In particular, oxidative modifications to proteins have actually been proposed as a potential factor in the onset and progression of several psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depressive disorders. Oxidised proteins are normally degraded by the proteasome proteolytic complex in the cell cytoplasm, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum. The Lon protease performs a similar protective function inside mitochondria. Impairment of the proteasome and/or the Lon protease results in the accumulation of toxic oxidised proteins in the brain, which can cause severe neuronal trauma. Recent evidence points to possible proteolytic dysfunction and accumulation of damaged, oxidised proteins as factors that may determine the appearance and severity of psychotic symptoms in mood disorders. Thus, critical interactions between oxidative stress, proteasome, and the Lon protease may provide keys to the molecular mechanisms involved in emotional regulation, and may also be of great help in designing and screening novel anxiolytics and antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra das Graças Fedoce
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Frederico Ferreira
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory on Thymus Research, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robert G. Bota
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868
| | - Vicent Bonet-Costa
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Patrick Y. Sun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Kelvin J. A. Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, & Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
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Epigenetics of Subcellular Structure Functioning in the Origin of Risk or Resilience to Comorbidity of Neuropsychiatric and Cardiometabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051456. [PMID: 29757967 PMCID: PMC5983601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial function, protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear processes such as telomere length and DNA repair may be subject to epigenetic cues that relate the genomic expression and environmental exposures in early stages of life. They may also be involved in the comorbid appearance of cardiometabolic (CMD) and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD) during adulthood. Mitochondrial function and protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum are associated with oxidative stress and elevated intracellular calcium levels and may also underlie the vulnerability for comorbid CMD and NPD. Mitochondria provide key metabolites such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), ATP, α-ketoglutarate and acetyl coenzyme A that are required for many transcriptional and epigenetic processes. They are also a source of free radicals. On the other hand, epigenetic markers in nuclear DNA determine mitochondrial biogenesis. The ER is the subcellular organelle in which secretory proteins are folded. Many environmental factors stop the ability of cells to properly fold proteins and modify post-translationally secretory and transmembrane proteins leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. ER functioning may be epigenetically determined. Chronic ER stress is emerging as a key contributor to a growing list of human diseases, including CMD and NPD. Telomere loss causes chromosomal fusion, activation of the control of DNA damage-responses, unstable genome and altered stem cell function, which may underlie the comorbidity of CMD and NPD. The length of telomeres is related to oxidative stress and may be epigenetically programmed. Pathways involved in DNA repair may be epigenetically programmed and may contribute to diseases. In this paper, we describe subcellular mechanisms that are determined by epigenetic markers and their possible relation to the development of increased susceptibility to develop CMD and NPD.
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38
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Depression, telomeres and mitochondrial DNA: between- and within-person associations from a 10-year longitudinal study. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:850-857. [PMID: 28348385 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular aging, indexed by leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), might partly account for the increased health risks in persons with depression. Although some studies indeed found cross-sectional associations of depression with LTL and mtDNAcn, the longitudinal associations remain unclear. This 10-year longitudinal study examined between- and within-person associations of depressive symptoms with LTL and mtDNAcn in a large community sample. Data are from years 15, 20 and 25 follow-up evaluations in 977 subjects from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Depressive symptoms (years 15, 20, 25) were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale; LTL (years 15, 20, 25) and mtDNAcn (years 15, 25) were measured in whole blood by quantitative PCR. With mixed-model analyses, we explored between- and within-person associations between CES-D scores and cellular aging markers. Results showed that high levels of depressive symptomatology throughout the 10-year time span was associated with shorter average LTL over 10 years (B=-4.2; P=0.014) after covarying for age, sex, race and education. However, no within-person association was found between depressive symptoms and LTL at each year (B=-0.8; P=0.548). Further, we found no between-person (B=-0.2; P=0.744) or within-person (B=0.4; P=0.497) associations between depressive symptomatology and mtDNAcn. Our results provide evidence for a long-term, between-person relationship of depressive symptoms with LTL, rather than a dynamic and direct within-person relationship. In this study, we found no evidence for an association between depressive symptoms and mtDNAcn.
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Weger M, Sandi C. High anxiety trait: A vulnerable phenotype for stress-induced depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Imaging mass spectrometry analysis of ubiquinol localization in the mouse brain following short-term administration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12990. [PMID: 29021617 PMCID: PMC5636788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the localization of ubiquinol, the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (Re-CoQ10), in mouse brain sections using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to evaluate the effect of dietary Re-CoQ10 in mouse brain. Mice were orally administered Re-CoQ10 for 14 days and brain Re-CoQ10 content was subsequently quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. IMS was employed to visualize Re-CoQ10 at a resolution of 150 μm in the mouse brain. Increased Re-CoQ10 was observed in the corpus callosum, hippocampus, midbrain, cerebellum, brain stem, substantia nigra and striatum. These regions are related to movement, memory and vital life functions. Thus, we demonstrated the effect of Re-CoQ10 administration on the specific localization of Re-CoQ10 in the brain.
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Ignácio ZM, Réus GZ, Abelaira HM, de Moura AB, de Souza TG, Matos D, Goldim MP, Mathias K, Garbossa L, Petronilho F, Quevedo J. Acute and chronic treatment with quetiapine induces antidepressant-like behavior and exerts antioxidant effects in the rat brain. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1195-1208. [PMID: 28477202 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies note that changes in oxidative balance are involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in the success of some antidepressants. Quetiapine exerts a therapeutic response and induces changes in physiological mechanisms that appear to underlie MDD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant and antioxidant effects of quetiapine (20 mg /kg) in adult animals. Sixty minutes after an acute treatment or the last administration of chronic treatment (14 days) with quetiapine, animals were subjected to the forced swimming test (FST) to evaluate mobility parameters. Then, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (CPF), amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were removed for the assessment of oxidative stress parameters. Both acute and chronic treatments exerted antidepressant-like effects. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was reduced in the amygdala after acute treatment and in the hippocampus, PFC and amygdala after chronic treatment. In addition, after chronic treatment, the levels of thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS) were reduced in the amygdala and NAc, and the protein carbonyl content was reduced in the CPF. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in the NAc after acute and chronic treatments. Catalase (CAT) activity increased in the PFC after acute treatment and in the NAc after acute and chronic treatments. The concentration of nitrite/nitrate was lower in the CPF after chronic treatment. These results corroborate the antidepressant effect of quetiapine and indicate that quetiapine exhibits an antioxidant profile, a physiological mechanism that appears be involved in the therapeutic function of quetiapine in individuals resistant to classical antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleide M Ignácio
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Farmacologia e Psicopatologia, Campus Chapecó, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Helena M Abelaira
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Airam B de Moura
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Thays G de Souza
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Danyela Matos
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Goldim
- Laboratório de Patofisiologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Khiany Mathias
- Laboratório de Patofisiologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Leandro Garbossa
- Laboratório de Patofisiologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Patofisiologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Unidade Acadêmica em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Głombik K, Stachowicz A, Trojan E, Olszanecki R, Ślusarczyk J, Suski M, Chamera K, Budziszewska B, Lasoń W, Basta-Kaim A. Evaluation of the effectiveness of chronic antidepressant drug treatments in the hippocampal mitochondria - A proteomic study in an animal model of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 78:51-60. [PMID: 28526399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that adverse experience in early life may be a triggering factor for disturbances in the brain mitochondrial proteins and lead to the development of depression in adulthood. On the other hand, little is known about the impact of chronic administration of various antidepressant drugs on the brain mitochondria, as a target for the pharmacotherapy of depression. The purpose of our study was to compare the impact of chronic treatment with two antidepressant drugs with different mechanisms of action, a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), imipramine, and an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class, fluoxetine, on the mitochondria-enriched subproteome profile in the hippocampus of 3-month-old male rats following a prenatal stress procedure (an animal model of depression). We clearly confirmed that chronic imipramine and fluoxetine administration not only normalized depression-like disturbances evoked by the prenatal stress procedure but also modulated the mitochondria-enriched subproteome profile in the hippocampus of adult offspring rats. In line with this, two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry showed a statistically significant down-regulation of 14-3-3 and cytochrome bc1 proteins and an up-regulation of COP9 signalosome expression after chronic imipramine treatment in the hippocampus of prenatally stressed offspring. Fluoxetine administration strongly up-regulated the expression of cathepsin D, one of the key proteins involved in the prevention of the development of neurodegenerative processes. Furthermore, this antidepressant treatment enhanced expression of proteins engaged in the improvement of learning and memory processes (STMN1, Dnm-1) as well as in mitochondrial biogenesis and defense against oxidative stress (DJ-1). These findings provide new evidence that chronic administration of antidepressants exerts a varied impact on the mitochondria-enriched subproteome in the hippocampus of adult rats following a prenatal stress procedure. In particular, the effect of fluoxetine requires additional experiments to elucidate the possible beneficial biological consequences underlying the effects mediated by this antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Głombik
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Street, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Street, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Ślusarczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Street, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chamera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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43
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Zwarts L, Vulsteke V, Buhl E, Hodge JJL, Callaerts P. SlgA, encoded by the homolog of the human schizophrenia-associated gene PRODH, acts in clock neurons to regulate Drosophila aggression. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:705-716. [PMID: 28331058 PMCID: PMC5483002 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the proline dehydrogenase gene PRODH are linked to behavioral alterations in schizophrenia and as part of DiGeorge and velo-cardio-facial syndromes, but the role of PRODH in their etiology remains unclear. Here, we establish a Drosophila model to study the role of PRODH in behavioral disorders. We determine the distribution of the Drosophila PRODH homolog slgA in the brain and show that knockdown and overexpression of human PRODH and slgA in the lateral neurons ventral (LNv) lead to altered aggressive behavior. SlgA acts in an isoform-specific manner and is regulated by casein kinase II (CkII). Our data suggest that these effects are, at least partially, due to effects on mitochondrial function. We thus show that precise regulation of proline metabolism is essential to drive normal behavior and we identify Drosophila aggression as a model behavior relevant for the study of the mechanisms that are impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders. Editors' choice: A Drosophila model to study the role of PRODH, a schizophrenia-associated gene, in behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Zwarts
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.,VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Veerle Vulsteke
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.,VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Edgar Buhl
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - James J L Hodge
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Patrick Callaerts
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Leuven B-3000, Belgium .,VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
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Valvassori SS, Resende WR, Varela RB, Arent CO, Gava FF, Peterle BR, Dal-Pont GC, Carvalho AF, Andersen ML, Quevedo J. The Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibition on the Levels of Cerebral Cytokines in an Animal Model of Mania Induced by Dextroamphetamine. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1430-1439. [PMID: 28168425 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies have suggested the involvement of inflammatory processes in the physiopathology of bipolar disorder. Preclinical evidences have shown that histone deacetylase inhibitors may act as mood-stabilizing agents and protect the brain in models of mania and depression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) and valproate (VPA) on behavioral changes, histone deacetylase activity, and the levels of cytokines in an animal model of mania induced by dextroamphetamine (d-AMPH). Wistar rats were first given d-AMPH or saline (Sal) for a period of 14 days, and then, between the 8th and 14th days, the rats were treated with SB, VPA, or Sal. The activity of histone deacetylase and the levels of cytokines (interleukin (IL) IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) were evaluated in the frontal cortex and striatum of the rats. The administration of d-AMPH increased the activity of histone deacetylase in the frontal cortex. Administration of SB or VPA decreased the levels of histone deacetylase activity in the frontal cortex and striatum of rats. SB per se increased the levels of cytokines in both of the brain structures evaluated. AMPH increased the levels of cytokines in both of the brain structures evaluated, and VPA reversed this alteration. The effects of SB on d-AMPH-induced cytokine alterations were dependent on the brain structure and the cytokine evaluated. Despite VPA and SB having a similar mechanism of action, both being histone deacetylase inhibitors, they showed different effects on the levels of cytokines. The present study reinforces the need for more research into histone deacetylase inhibitors being used as a possible target for new medications in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratory of Neuronal Signaling and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC University), Criciúma, SC, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Wilson R Resende
- Laboratory of Neuronal Signaling and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC University), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger B Varela
- Laboratory of Neuronal Signaling and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC University), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila O Arent
- Laboratory of Neuronal Signaling and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC University), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gava
- Laboratory of Neuronal Signaling and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC University), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna R Peterle
- Laboratory of Neuronal Signaling and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC University), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Dal-Pont
- Laboratory of Neuronal Signaling and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC University), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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45
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Sigitova E, Fišar Z, Hroudová J, Cikánková T, Raboch J. Biological hypotheses and biomarkers of bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:77-103. [PMID: 27800654 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The most common mood disorders are major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders (BD). The pathophysiology of BD is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood. Creation of new hypotheses in the field gives impetus for studies and for finding new biomarkers for BD. Conversely, new biomarkers facilitate not only diagnosis of a disorder and monitoring of biological effects of treatment, but also formulation of new hypotheses about the causes and pathophysiology of the BD. BD is characterized by multiple associations between disturbed brain development, neuroplasticity, and chronobiology, caused by: genetic and environmental factors; defects in apoptotic, immune-inflammatory, neurotransmitter, neurotrophin, and calcium-signaling pathways; oxidative and nitrosative stress; cellular bioenergetics; and membrane or vesicular transport. Current biological hypotheses of BD are summarized, including related pathophysiological processes and key biomarkers, which have been associated with changes in genetics, systems of neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, autoimmunity, cytokines, stress axis activity, chronobiology, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Here we also discuss the therapeutic hypotheses and mechanisms of the switch between depressive and manic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sigitova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Cikánková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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46
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Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder suffers from mitochondrial dysfunction. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:153-158. [PMID: 27896136 PMCID: PMC5121149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Pathophysiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not known, and therefore the present study investigated mitochondrial defects, if any in cybrids created from patients and control population. Methods To investigate mitochondrial pathology in ADHD, cybrids cell lines were created from ADHD probands and controls by fusing their platelets with ρ0-cells prepared from SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Cellular respiration, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology were evaluated employing oxygraph, mitochondria-specific fluorescence staining and evaluation by FACS, and immunocytochemistry. HPLC-electrochemical detection, quantitative RT-PCR and Blue Native PAGE were employed respectively for assays of serotonin, mitochondrial ATPase 6/8 subunits levels and complex V activity. Results Significantly low cellular and mitochondrial respiration, ATPase6/8 transcripts levels, mitochondrial complex V activity and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and elevated oxidative stress were observed in ADHD cybrids. Expression of monoamine oxidizing mitochondrial enzymes, MAO-A and MAO-B levels remained unaffected. Two-fold increase in serotonin level was noted in differentiated cybrid-neurons. Conclusions Since cybrids are shown to replicate mitochondrial defects seen in post-mortem brains, these observed defects in ADHD cybrids strongly suggest mitochondrial pathology in this disorder. General significance Mitochondrial defects are detected in ADHD cybrids created from patients' platelets, implying bioenergetics crisis in the mitochondria could be a contributory factor for ADHD pathology and/or phenotypes.
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47
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Low-Dose Methylmercury-Induced Apoptosis and Mitochondrial DNA Mutation in Human Embryonic Neural Progenitor Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5137042. [PMID: 27525052 PMCID: PMC4972916 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a long-lasting organic pollutant primarily found in the aquatic environment. The developing brain is particularly sensitive to MeHg due to reduced proliferation of neural stem cell. Although several mechanisms of MeHg-induced apoptosis have been defined in culture models, it remains unclear whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation is involved in the toxic effect of MeHg, especially in the neural progenitor cells. In the present study, the ReNcell CX cell, a human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) line, was exposed to nanomolar concentrations of MeHg (≤50 nM). We found that MeHg altered mitochondrial metabolic function and induced apoptosis. In addition, we observed that MeHg induced ROS production in a dose-dependent manner in hNPCs cells, which was associated with significantly increased expressions of ND1, Cytb, and ATP6. To elucidate the mechanism underlying MeHg toxicity on mitochondrial function, we examined the ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential in MeHg-treated hNPCs. Our study showed that MeHg exposure led to decreased ATP content and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, which failed to match the expansion in mtDNA copy number, suggesting impaired mtDNA. Collectively, these results demonstrated that MeHg induced toxicity in hNPCs through altering mitochondrial function and inducing oxidative damage to mtDNA.
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48
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Yang N, Ren Z, Zheng J, Feng L, Li D, Gao K, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zuo P. 5-(4-hydroxy-3-dimethoxybenzylidene)-rhodanine (RD-1)-improved mitochondrial function prevents anxiety- and depressive-like states induced by chronic corticosterone injections in mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:587-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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49
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Cao DD, Li L, Chan WY. MicroRNAs: Key Regulators in the Central Nervous System and Their Implication in Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E842. [PMID: 27240359 PMCID: PMC4926376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, well-conserved noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They have been demonstrated to regulate a lot of biological pathways and cellular functions. Many miRNAs are dynamically regulated during central nervous system (CNS) development and are spatially expressed in adult brain indicating their essential roles in neural development and function. In addition, accumulating evidence strongly suggests that dysfunction of miRNAs contributes to neurological diseases. These observations, together with their gene regulation property, implicated miRNAs to be the key regulators in the complex genetic network of the CNS. In this review, we first focus on the ways through which miRNAs exert the regulatory function and how miRNAs are regulated in the CNS. We then summarize recent findings that highlight the versatile roles of miRNAs in normal CNS physiology and their association with several types of neurological diseases. Subsequently we discuss the limitations of miRNAs research based on current studies as well as the potential therapeutic applications and challenges of miRNAs in neurological disorders. We endeavor to provide an updated description of the regulatory roles of miRNAs in normal CNS functions and pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Cao
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, SAR, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, SAR, China.
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, SAR, China.
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50
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Schiavone S, Trabace L. Pharmacological targeting of redox regulation systems as new therapeutic approach for psychiatric disorders: A literature overview. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:195-204. [PMID: 26995306 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Redox dysregulation occurs following a disequilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing and degrading systems, i.e. mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on one hand and the principal antioxidant system, the glutathione, on the other hand. Increasing recent evidence points towards a pathogenetic role of an altered redox state in the development of several mental disorders, such as anxiety, bipolar disorders, depression, psychosis, autism and post-traumaticstress disorders (PTSD). In this regard, pharmacological targeting of the redox state regulating systems in the brain has been proposed as an innovative and promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of these mental diseases. This review will summarize current knowledge obtained from both pre-clinical and clinical studies in order to descant "lights and shadows" of targeting pharmacologically both the producing and degrading reactive oxygen species (ROS) systems in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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