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Chiu CY, Yuh DY, Yeh LC, Lin IJ, Chung CH, Li CH, Chien WC, Chen GS. Association between geniquin therapy and the risk of developing periodontal disease in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: A population-based cohort study from Taiwan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305130. [PMID: 39110690 PMCID: PMC11305530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes dysfunction of salivation and harmful oral conditions. The association between periodontal disease (PD) and pSS with or without geniquin therapy remains controversial. This study evaluated the association between geniquin therapy and the risk of subsequent development of PD in pSS patients. From Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we selected a control cohort of 106,818 pSS patients, followed up from 2000 to 2015, matched (1:4) by age and index year with 427,272 non-pSS patients. We also analyzed 15,149 pSS patients receiving geniquin therapy (cohort 1) and 91,669 pSS patients not receiving geniquin therapy (cohort 2). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to compare the risk of PD over the 15-year follow-up. In the control cohort, 11,941 (11.2%) pSS patients developed PD compared to 39,797 (9.3%) non-pSS patients. In cohorts 1 and 2, 1,914 (12.6%) pSS patients receiving geniquin therapy and 10,027 (10.9%) pSS patients not receiving geniquin therapy developed PD. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for subsequent PD in pSS patients was 1.165 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.147-1.195, p < 0.001) and in pSS patients receiving geniquin therapy was 1.608 (95% CI = 1.526-1.702, p < 0.001). The adjusted HR for PD treatment was 1.843. Patients diagnosed with pSS showed an increased risk of developing subsequent PD and receiving PD treatment than patients without pSS, while pSS patients receiving geniquin therapy showed even higher risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuan Chiu
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Da-Yo Yuh
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Periodontology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chyun Yeh
- School of Early Childhood Care and Education, University of Kang-Ning, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Iau-Jin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Li
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gunng-Shinng Chen
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu KCH, Liu L, Xu A, Chan YH, Cheung BMY. Shared genetic architecture between periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes: a large scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis. Endocrine 2024; 85:685-694. [PMID: 38460073 PMCID: PMC11291565 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between abnormal glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and periodontal disease (PER) independent of Body Mass Index (BMI), we employed a genome-wide cross-trait approach to clarify the association. METHODS Our study utilized the most extensive genome-wide association studies conducted for populations of European ancestry, including PER, T2D, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2-hour glucose after an oral glucose challenge, HOMA-β, HOMA-IR (unadjusted or adjusted for BMI) and HbA1c. RESULTS With this approach, we were able to identify pleiotropic loci, establish expression-trait associations, and quantify global and local genetic correlations. There was a significant positive global genetic correlation between T2D (rg = 0.261, p = 2.65 × 10-13), HbA1c (rg = 0.182, p = 4.14 × 10-6) and PER, as well as for T2D independent of BMI (rg = 0.158, p = 2.34 × 10-6). A significant local genetic correlation was also observed between PER and glycemic traits or T2D. We also identified 62 independent pleiotropic loci that impact both PER and glycemic traits, including T2D. Nine significant pathways were identified between the shared genes between T2D, glycemic traits and PER. Genetically liability of HOMA-βadjBMI was causally associated with the risk of PER. CONCLUSION Our research has revealed a genetic link between T2D, glycemic traits, and PER that is influenced by biological pleiotropy. Notably, some of these links are not related to BMI. Our research highlights an underlying link between patients with T2D and PER, regardless of their BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chun Hei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yap Hang Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bernard Man Yung Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Su NY, Ng MY, Liao HY, Liao YW, Wu M, Chao SC, Yu CC, Chang YC. Ganoderma Microsporum Immunomodulatory Protein Alleviates Inflammaging and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes-Associated Periodontitis via Nrf2 Signaling Activation: An In Vitro Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:817. [PMID: 39061886 PMCID: PMC11273761 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and loss of periodontal tissue, is a significant health complication for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Buildup of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in DM poses an increased risk of periodontitis via inflammaging. Ganoderma immunomodulatory protein (GMI) shows promise in suppressing inflammaging by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2 modulation. However, its specific protective effects are not fully understood. Thus, this study aimed to investigate GMI's anti-inflammaging properties and its underlying mechanism in diabetic-associated periodontitis (DP). We first simulated DP by culturing human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with AGEs and lipopolysaccharides from P. gingivalis (LPS). We then evaluated the impact of GMI on cell proliferation, migration and wound healing. Additionally, we assessed GMI's effects on the components of inflammaging such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, cellular senescence expression, IL-6 and IL-8 secretions, and NF-κB phosphorylation. Next, we explored whether GMI's anti-inflammaging effects are mediated through the Nrf2 pathway by evaluating Nrf2 and HO-1, followed by the assessment of IL-6 and IL-8 post-Nrf2 knockdown. Our findings revealed that GMI treatment suppressed ROS production, cell senescence, IL-6 and IL-8 and NF-κB phosphorylation. Furthermore, GMI upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 expression and its protective effects were reversed when Nrf2 was knocked down. In conclusion, GMI exerts its anti-inflammaging effect via the modulation of the Nrf2/NF-κB signaling axis in DP in vitro, highlighting its potential as an effective adjunct treatment for diabetes-related periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Yu Su
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (N.-Y.S.); (M.Y.N.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Min Yee Ng
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (N.-Y.S.); (M.Y.N.)
| | - Heng-Yi Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (N.-Y.S.); (M.Y.N.)
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-W.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Movina Wu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (N.-Y.S.); (M.Y.N.)
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-W.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (N.-Y.S.); (M.Y.N.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (N.-Y.S.); (M.Y.N.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Tang P, Yang Q, Li C, Li L, Han M. Efficacy of scaling and root planing with and without adjunct Nd:YAG laser therapy on glucose control and periodontal microecological imbalance in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:143. [PMID: 38349450 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to determine the effects of Nd:YAG laser-assisted with subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment on glucose control and the dynamic changes of subgingival microbiome in periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two patients were split into Nd:YAG group (n = 11) and SRP group (n = 11). Patients in the Nd:YAG group received SRP and auxiliary Nd:YAG laser treatment; patients in the SRP group received SRP treatment only. Periodontal tissue inflammation and glycemic control were assessed and analyzed during the treatment period and the changes of subgingival microbiome were analyzed by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS After 3 months of treatment, PD and CAL values improved significantly in the Nd:YAG group compared to the SRP group. BOP in both groups improved significantly after treatment. FPG levels in the Nd:YAG group were significantly reduced after treatment. Porphyromonas and Porphyromonadaceae were enriched in the Nd:YAG group at baseline, and Fusobacteriota, Fusobacteriia, Fusobacteriales, Leptotrichiaceae, and Leptotrichia were enriched after treatment. CONCLUSION Nd:YAG laser-assisted SRP therapy has additional benefits in improving periodontal tissue inflammation and blood glucose control in periodontitis patients with T2DM compared with SRP therapy alone and there was a trend towards a decrease in disease-associated taxa and an increase in health-associated taxa following auxiliary Nd:YAG laser treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The effects of Nd:YAG laser-assisted SRP treatment on inflammation, glucose control, and subgingival microbiome in periodontitis patients with T2DM were elucidated, and new ideas for the treatment of T2DM periodontitis were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Pengzhou Tang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Minxuan Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Lalli AK, Dhingra S, Lalli AS, Kaur G, Gupta H, Goyal S. Clinical Evaluation of Diode Laser as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Split-Mouth Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e54178. [PMID: 38496103 PMCID: PMC10941804 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary goal of periodontal therapy is to arrest the inflammatory disease process which is done by non-surgical and surgical therapies in order to reduce the microorganisms. The outcome of periodontal therapy may not reveal the desired results owing to inaccessible areas for instrumentation, pathogenicity, resistance of the microorganisms, or even due to compromised host response to the treatment. Thus, adjunctive laser therapy has been proposed as a novel treatment modality in the treatment of periodontal disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the effect of a 980 nm diode laser (DEN10B; Wuhan Gigaa Optronics Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China) therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis and type II diabetes. METHODS Twenty patients were divided into two groups in a split-mouth study design. Group I (Control) comprised mechanical debridement alone and Group II (test) comprised mechanical debridement followed by adjunctive laser therapy. The clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, six weeks, and three months, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in gingival and plaque index in the test group. Though there was no significant improvement in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment, the results in the test group were superior relative to the control group. CONCLUSION Non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunctive use of diode laser is effective in the management of generalized chronic periodontitis in patients with type II diabetes which led to a significant reduction in plaque score, gingival index score, probing pocket depth, and gain in clinical attachment level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agamjot K Lalli
- Periodontology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Amritsar, IND
| | - Sachin Dhingra
- Periodontology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Gurleen Kaur
- Emergency Medicine, District Hospital, Mohali, IND
| | - Harinder Gupta
- Periodontology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Patiala, Patiala, IND
| | - Sanjay Goyal
- Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Patiala, IND
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Aizenbud I, Wilensky A, Almoznino G. Periodontal Disease and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13011. [PMID: 37629193 PMCID: PMC10455993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a complex and progressive chronic inflammatory condition that leads to the loss of alveolar bone and teeth. It has been associated with various systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus and obesity, among others. Some of these conditions are part of the metabolic syndrome cluster, a group of interconnected systemic diseases that significantly raise the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. The metabolic syndrome cluster encompasses central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In this review, our objective is to investigate the correlation between periodontal disease and the components and outcomes of the metabolic syndrome cluster. By doing so, we aim to gain insights into the fundamental mechanisms that link each systemic condition with the metabolic syndrome. This deeper understanding of the interplay between these conditions and periodontal disease can pave the way for more effective treatments that take into account the broader impact of managing periodontal disease on the comprehensive treatment of systemic diseases, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Aizenbud
- Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Jerusalem 60930, Israel;
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Galit Almoznino
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Big Biomedical Data Research Laboratory, Dean’s Office, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal tissue diseases. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, an analysis of modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal tissue diseases was carried out. The review highlights the data on the relationship of periodontal infection, tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, drug-induced periodontal tissue damage, stress, and obesity with the risk of developing and progression of periodontal tissue diseases. A rather detailed analysis of the mechanisms of pathogenic influence of the microflora of the oral cavity, including in the subgingival plaque, was carried out. The mechanisms of the pathological effect of smoking on the state of periodontal tissues are described. Data on the effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus are presented. The article emphasizes the importance of the presence of periodontal diseases as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, describes the mechanisms of the mutual influence of cardiovascular pathology and the inflammatory process in the periodontium. In addition, the article presents the possibilities of the iatrogenic effect of systemic drugs on the state of periodontal tissues. The data on the influence of stress loads on the development of dental diseases are presented. The review article describes in detail the mechanisms of influence of overweight and obesity on the risks of development and progression of periodontal tissue diseases. Based on the results of the scientific research publications presented in the article, it can be stated that not only the dentist, but also doctors of other specialties need to work to change the modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal diseases.
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Dental caries and associated factors among patients visiting Shashamane Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265000. [PMID: 35239749 PMCID: PMC8893641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental caries is a major public health problem. In Ethiopia, prevention and treatment of oral health-related illness had given little attention and there is limited data on the extent and factors associated with oral health-related illnesses and oral care practices. Objective This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among patients visiting Shashamane Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (SCSH). Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 288 patients who visited SCSH dental clinic from March 1, 2021, to April 15, 2021. A questionnaire was employed to collect the background characteristics of the participants. Dental caries was confirmed as per World Health Organization guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine predictors of dental caries. A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as a cut point to determine a significant association. Results The overall prevalence of dental caries was 64.6% with 95% CI (58.8‒70.1). The mean of Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth was 1.33. Dental caries was significantly higher among respondents who did not brush their teeth (AOR = 3.589, 95% CI:1.756‒7.334), who consumed sugary food (AOR = 3.650, 95% CI: 1.747‒7.628), those with monthly a income of less than 5000.00 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 2.452, 95% CI (1.193‒5.042), and those who had poor oral hygiene status (AOR = 1.826, 95% CI: 0.901‒3.700). Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of dental caries among patients visiting the dental clinic. Tooth brushing habits, consumption of sugary food, and poor oral hygiene were significantly associated with dental caries.
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The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on IGF Axis and Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration of the Periodontium. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120202. [PMID: 34940355 PMCID: PMC8698546 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two of the most common and challenging health problems worldwide and they affect each other mutually and adversely. Current periodontal therapies have unpredictable outcome in diabetic patients. Periodontal tissue engineering is a challenging but promising approach that aims at restoring periodontal tissues using one or all of the following: stem cells, signalling molecules and scaffolds. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) represent ideal examples of stem cells and signalling molecules. This review outlines the most recent updates in characterizing MSCs isolated from diabetics to fully understand why diabetics are more prone to periodontitis that theoretically reflect the impaired regenerative capabilities of their native stem cells. This characterisation is of utmost importance to enhance autologous stem cells based tissue regeneration in diabetic patients using both MSCs and members of IGF axis.
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Song E, Park MJ, Kim JA, Roh E, Yu JH, Kim NH, Yoo HJ, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Baik SH, Choi KM. Implication of thyroid function in periodontitis: a nationwide population-based study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22127. [PMID: 34764408 PMCID: PMC8586139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Possible links between periodontitis and various cardiometabolic and autoimmune diseases have been advocated on the basis of chronic inflammation or oxidative stress. However, the association between periodontitis and thyroid dysfunction is under-researched. Participants without previous thyroid disease or ongoing thyroid-related medication were included from a nationwide population-level survey. Participants were categorized into tertiles of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (first tertile < 1.76 mIU/L; second tertile 1.76-2.83 mIU/L; third tertile > 2.83 mIU/L), and periodontal condition was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Of the total of 5468 participants, 1423 had periodontitis (26%). A significant difference in the weighted prevalence of periodontitis according to TSH tertiles was observed, with the highest prevalence in the first tertile (26.5%) and the lowest prevalence in the third tertile (20.9%, p = 0.003). Subjects in the first TSH tertile had higher odds for periodontitis than those in the third tertile (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.68; p for trend = 0.005) after adjusting for covariates. This association was consistent across subgroups and within sensitivity analyses among subjects without specific factors affecting thyroid function or diseases reported to be related to periodontitis. The present study demonstrated that low TSH levels were associated with significantly higher odds for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyun Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Bosch J, Weaver TL, Arnold LD. Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Oral Health Among Women in the United States: Findings From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:10220-10238. [PMID: 31660775 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519883872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively impact physical and mental health. There is a paucity of research examining the impact of ACEs on oral health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to better understand how ACEs may impact oral health utilizing a nationally representative sample of females. Data from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were utilized. The sample comprised 36,249 females. Chi-square tests were used to examine associations between multiple forms of ACEs and oral health, mental health, smoking, and health-related quality of life. Logistic regression models were generated for the outcomes of interest: last dental cleaning, significant tooth loss, smoking, and health-related quality of life. Post-hoc analyses were conducted to examine whether smoking and dental cleaning moderated the relationship between ACEs and significant tooth loss. All ACE categories were significantly associated with poor health-related quality of life, being a current or former smoker, last dental cleaning >1 year, and significant tooth loss even after adjusting for demographic variables. Last dental cleaning and being a current or former smoker moderated the relationship between ACEs and significant tooth loss. This study affirms other findings that women with a history of ACEs were more likely to engage in health-risk behaviors, specifically cigarette smoking, which has been strongly associated with ACEs. These findings underscore the importance of including oral health in future studies given it has implications for disease development. Furthermore, dental visits may provide a window of opportunity for trauma-informed care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Bosch
- Saint Louis University, MO, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
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12
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Qian X, Zhang S, Duan L, Yang F, Zhang K, Yan F, Ge S. Periodontitis Deteriorates Cognitive Function and Impairs Neurons and Glia in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1785-1800. [PMID: 33459718 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although periodontitis is reportedly associated with increased cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) is an endotoxin associated with periodontal disease. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of periodontitis on learning capacity and memory of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP)/presenilin (PS1) transgenic mice along with the mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS Mice were randomly assigned to three groups, namely AβPP/PS1 (control), P.g-LPS Injection, and P.g-LPS Injection + Ligation. Mice from the P.g-LPS Injection group were injected with P.g-LPS in the periodontal tissue three times per week for 8 weeks, while mice from the P.g-LPS Injection + Ligation group were injected with P.g-LPS and subjected to ligation of the gingival sulcus of the maxillary second molar. RESULTS Expression of gingival proinflammatory cytokines as well as alveolar bone resorption in P.g-LPS-injected and ligatured mice was increased compared to that in control mice. Mice in the P.g-LPS Injection + Ligation group exhibited cognitive impairment and a significant reduction in the number of neurons. Glial cell activation in the experimental groups with significantly increased amyloid-β (Aβ) levels was more pronounced relative to the control group. Induction of periodontitis was concurrent with an increase in cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, AβPP, and beta-secretase 1 expression and a decrease in A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 expression. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that periodontitis exacerbated learning and memory impairment in AβPP/PS1 mice and augmented Aβ and neuroinflammatory responses. Our study provides a theoretical basis for risk prediction and early intervention of Alzheimer's disease and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshen Qian
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Fengchun Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Ge
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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13
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Haque M, Akter F. Smash of diabetes mellitus on smile. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_68_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Abooj J, Varma SA. Prevalence of herpes virus in chronic periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A clinico-microbiological study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:141-146. [PMID: 34349425 PMCID: PMC8272489 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_154_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Unfavorable modifications of tooth and its surrounding structures result in periodontal complications. Viruses, in specific herpes virus, are known to increase disease severity in periodontal patients. Periodontitis is known to be more established in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients. Hence, the detection of the viral load, its effect on the prevalence of periodontitis and the glycemic control status of patients are to be evidenced. The study aimed to reveal the association of herpes virus with periodontal parameters and its prevalence in DM2 patients. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study involved a total of 120 patients falling into three groups; Group I (healthy), Group II (periodontitis without DM2) and Group III (periodontitis with DM2) were subjected for sampling. Subgingival samples of periodontitis patients were tested for clinical parameters, and DNA extraction was performed. The presence of herpes virus (Epstein–Barr virus [EBV-1] and human Cytomegalovirus [HCMV]) was detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction primers. Glycemic status of patients was recorded as glycosylated hemoglobin and scored accordingly. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the association between the categorical variables, and t-test/Mann–Whitney U-test/analysis of variance/Kruskal–Wallis test was used for continuous data. Results: Significant levels of EBV-1 were detected in Group III (n = 21, 52.5%), followed by Group II (n = 16, 40%) and Group I (n = 2, 5%) (P < 0.0001). HCMV was not detected. A significant association of EBV-1 to periodontal site-specific parameters was observed in Group II patients (P < 0.05). EBV-1 was predominant with poor glycemic status patients. Conclusion: This study revealed that the incidence of herpes virus infection in periodontal patients was higher in diabetic patients and the examined patients were prone to EBV-1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Abooj
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences "Deemed to be University," Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhartha A Varma
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences "Deemed to be University," Karad, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Ahmad R, Haque M. Oral Health Messiers: Diabetes Mellitus Relevance. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3001-3015. [PMID: 34234496 PMCID: PMC8257029 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s318972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to narrate the various oral complications in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. Google search for "diabetes mellitus and oral complications" was done. The search was also carried out for "diabetes mellitus" and its oral complications individually. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that is a global epidemic and a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. Currently, there are about 422 million cases of diabetes mellitus worldwide. Diabetic patients can develop different complications in the body such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease. Complications in the oral cavity have been observed in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. A study noted that more than 90% of diabetic patients suffered from oral complications. Another research has shown a greater prevalence of oral mucosal disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus than non-diabetic population: 45-88% in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to 38.3-45% in non-diabetic subjects and 44.7% in type 1 diabetic individuals compared to 25% in the non-diabetic population. Oral complications in people with diabetes are periodontal disease, dental caries, oral infections, salivary dysfunction, taste dysfunction, delayed wound healing, tongue abnormalities, halitosis, and lichen planus. The high glucose level in saliva, poor neutrophil function, neuropathy, and small vessel damage contribute to oral complications in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes. Good oral health is imperative for healthy living. Oral complications cause deterioration to the quality of life in diabetic patients. Complications like periodontal disease having a bidirectional relationship with diabetes mellitus even contribute to increased blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. This article intends to promote awareness regarding the oral health of diabetics and to stress the importance of maintaining proper oral hygiene, taking preventive measures, early detection, and appropriate management of oral complications of these patients through a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Mainul Haque The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia Email
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16
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Nguyen ATM, Akhter R, Garde S, Scott C, Twigg SM, Colagiuri S, Ajwani S, Eberhard J. The association of periodontal disease with the complications of diabetes mellitus. A systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 165:108244. [PMID: 32526263 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review investigated the association of periodontal disease with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic complications. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched including search terms "periodontal" OR "periodontitis" AND "diabetic complications" OR "diabetic retinopathy" OR "diabetic nephropathy" OR "diabetic neuropathy" OR "cardiovascular disease diabetes" OR "myocardial infarction diabetes" OR "cerebrovascular disease diabetes" OR "stroke diabetes" OR "peripheral vascular disease diabetes". Fourteen studies included in this review consistently reported an increased risk for diabetic complications including microvascular, macrovascular and death in the presence of periodontal disease. Higher risks for diabetic retinopathy (odds ratios: 2.8-8.7), neuropathy (3.2-6.6), nephropathy (1.9-8.5), cardiovascular complications (1.28-17.7) and mortality (2.3-8.5) were reported for people with diabetes with periodontitis compared to those with diabetes who have no periodontitis. This novel review summarizes current data providing further evidence of a link between poor oral health and DM and its complications. It has also drawn attention to major limitations of the available data linking periodontal disease and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thi Mai Nguyen
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rahena Akhter
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siddharth Garde
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire Scott
- Oral Health Clinic, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Colagiuri
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shilpi Ajwani
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Australia
| | - Joerg Eberhard
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Wang J, Yang X, Zou X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Y. Relationship between periodontal disease and lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:581-593. [PMID: 32583879 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD), as a chronic bacterial infection, might cause cardiovascular and some other systemic diseases, with recent studies reporting that it exhibits some connection with lung cancer. While studies have shown that poor oral health might increase the risk of lung cancer, the veracity of these reports is questionable. Therefore, this meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate the association between PD and the risk of lung cancer. A search was run in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases up to January 1, 2020. Cohort and case-control studies investigating the correlation between PD and lung cancer were included. Eligibility assessment and data extraction were conducted independently, and a meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the data. The association between PD, edentulism, and lung cancer was measured by the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) provided in articles. We employed appropriate effect model in terms of I2 (a fixed-effect model for PD and a random-effect model for edentulism) to obtain summary effect estimates. Statistical heterogeneity was investigated by chi-square test and I2 statistics. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of their method. Six cohort studies (eight references) and two case-control studies, assessed as high-quality, involving 167 256 participants, were included in the review. The summary estimates based on adjusted data showed an association between PD and a significant risk of lung cancer both in cohort studies (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.25-1.58; I2 = 8.7%) and case-control studies (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.16-1.98; I2 = 36.5%). Similar features were found in the sensitivity analysis and subgroups for six cohort studies, of male only (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.15-2.60), setting the lung cancer incidence as endpoint (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.24-1.57; I2 = 23.9%), and adjusting alcohol for multifactorial HR (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.21-1.57; I2 = 39.9%). The summary HR for edentulism was 1.93 (95% CI = 1.05-3.57; I2 = 55.3%). No obvious publication bias was detected. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between PD and the incidence of lung cancer. Further observational studies are required by using standardized measurements to assess the periodontal status and by eliminating confounding factors, such as alcohol and diabetes, to verify such a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Lung Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Matsha TE, Prince Y, Davids S, Chikte U, Erasmus RT, Kengne AP, Davison GM. Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease. J Dent Res 2020; 99:658-665. [PMID: 32298191 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520913818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the oral microbiome are associated with periodontal disease initiation and progression and diabetes mellitus (DM), but how this contributes to the cause-and-effect relationship between periodontal disease and DM is poorly understood. We examined the bacterial composition in plaque samples from 128 South Africans with periodontal disease across glycemic statuses using 16S rDNA sequencing of regions 2, 3, 4, 6-7, 8, and 9. Of the 9 phyla identified, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria made up >98%. Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria were significantly more abundant in subjects with diabetes, while Proteobacteria were less abundant. However, in the presence of gingival bleeding and DM, as compared with DM without gingival bleeding, Actinobacteria were markedly reduced while Bacteroidetes were more abundant. In contrast, no differences in Actinobacteria or Bacteroidetes abundance were observed between DM with and without pocket depth (PD) ≥4 mm. At the genus level, similar changes in relative abundance were observed in the presence of DM and periodontal disease. Our findings remained in conditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, and the 5 most dominant phyla. For example, Actinobacteria significantly increased the odds of diabetes by 10% in subjects with gingival bleeding, while Fusobacteria increased this odd by 14%; yet, among subjects with PD ≥4 mm, Fusobacteria decreased the odds of DM by 47%. Our findings have confirmed the alterations in the composition of the oral microbiota across glycemic statuses as well as different stages of periodontal disease. However, it is not clear whether these differences were the consequence of hyperglycemia or the presence of periodontal diseases. Therefore, we recommend further investigations in a longitudinal study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Matsha
- SAMRC/CPUT/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Y Prince
- SAMRC/CPUT/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - S Davids
- SAMRC/CPUT/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - U Chikte
- Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R T Erasmus
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A P Kengne
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G M Davison
- SAMRC/CPUT/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
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19
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Suzuki S, Noda T, Nishioka Y, Imamura T, Kamijo H, Sugihara N. Evaluation of tooth loss among patients with diabetes mellitus using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan. Int Dent J 2020; 70:308-315. [PMID: 32103503 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although diabetes mellitus is reported to be related to tooth loss, there is limited population-based evidence for this relationship. We investigated the actual situation of tooth loss by performing a population-based survey using information obtained from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups (NDB) in Japan. METHODS Medical, dental and pharmacy claims data generated between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2016 were obtained and analysed. Patients with medical and pharmacy claims of diabetes mellitus were allocated to the diabetes mellitus group. Patients with medical claims of acute upper respiratory inflammation, but without claims of diabetes mellitus, were allocated to the control group. The number of claims involving tooth loss, treatment of periodontal disease and visits to medical and dental institutions were obtained from the NDB. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the nature of tooth loss between patients with diabetes mellitus and the control groups. RESULTS There were 5,248,405 patients in the control group and 1,570,082 patients in the diabetes mellitus group. Patients in the diabetes mellitus group showed a higher level of tooth loss than patients in the control group, among both sexes. Patients with diabetes mellitus tended to lose their posterior teeth at an earlier age than patients in the control group. Moreover, patients in the diabetes mellitus group showed greater tooth loss, regardless of whether or not periodontal disease was treated. CONCLUSION Patients with diabetes mellitus show a higher level of tooth loss than those without diabetes mellitus, based on the results of a population-based survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seitaro Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Noda
- Department of Public Heath, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nishioka
- Department of Public Heath, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Imamura
- Department of Public Heath, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kamijo
- Department of Social Security for Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugihara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Nazemi Salman B, Basir Shabestari S, Shaboyi Jam M, Alizadeh Tari S, Shirinbak I. Periodontal parameters and oral hygiene in diabetic and nondiabetic adolescents in Zanjan. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:12. [PMID: 32551301 PMCID: PMC7293809 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are 2 most common encountered chronic diseases. The occurrence, appearance, and severity of the periodontium tissue conditions vary during adolescence. Also, there is controversy about the relationship between diabetes mellitus and increased periodontal disease breakdown during puberty. This study aimed to assess the periodontal parameters and oral hygiene in diabetic and nondiabetic adolescents in city of Zanjan. Methods: In this case and controls study, 140 diabetic (case) and 140 nondiabetic (control) adolescents were compared. The participants were matched by age, sex, and socioeconomic status using the group matching method. Clinical attachment loss, periodontal pocket depth, gingival index, periodontal index, and bleeding on probing were measured for the 6 Ramfjord index teeth. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t test, and one-way ANOVA using SPSS version 18. Results: The mean age of the diabetic and nondiabetic group was 16.7±1.6 and 17.1±0.30 years, respectively. Duration of diabetes was 2.15 ±0.86 years. Mean clinical attachment loss, periodontal pocket depth, gingival index, and bleeding on probing in the patient group were 7.4, 1.68, 12.9, and 97.7%, respectively. All these indices in diabetic adolescents were significantly greater than in nondiabetics. Only the PI was poor in both groups and no significant difference was noted in this respect between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Both diabetic and nondiabetic adolescents had equally poor oral hygiene. Gingivitis and periodontitis indices were significantly poorer in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nazemi Salman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Iman Shirinbak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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21
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Susanto A, Manurung AA, Miranda A, Sopiatin S. Periodontal disease and treatment needs among patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2 attending Talaga Bodas Community Health Center in Bandung City. SCIENTIFIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/sdj.sdj_27_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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22
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Garde S, Akhter R, Nguyen MA, Chow CK, Eberhard J. Periodontal Therapy for Improving Lipid Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153826. [PMID: 31387283 PMCID: PMC6695858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder often seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Individuals with diabetes are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular complications and this may be related, in part, to lipid abnormalities observed in these individuals. The objective of this systematic review is to compile the current scientific evidence of the effects of periodontal treatment on lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Through a systematic search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science, 313 articles were identified. Of these, seven clinical trials which met all inclusion criteria were chosen for analysis. Between baseline and 3-month follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction in the levels of total cholesterol (mean differences (MD) −0.47 mmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI), −0.75, −0.18, p = 0.001)), triglycerides (MD −0.20 mmol/L (95% CI −0.24, −0.16, p < 0.00001)) favouring the intervention arm, and a statistically significant reduction in levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) (MD 0.06 mmol/L (95% CI 0.03, 0.08, p < 0.00001)) favouring the control arm. No significant differences were observed between baseline and 6-month follow-up levels for any lipid analysed. The heterogeneity between studies was high. This review foreshadows a potential benefit of periodontal therapy for lipid profiles in patients suffering from type 2 DM, however, well designed clinical trials using lipid profiles as primary outcome measures are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Garde
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Rahena Akhter
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Mai Anh Nguyen
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Sydney Medical School, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Joerg Eberhard
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia.
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Aguayo S, Schuh CMAP, Vicente B, Aguayo LG. Association between Alzheimer's Disease and Oral and Gut Microbiota: Are Pore Forming Proteins the Missing Link? J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:29-46. [PMID: 30040725 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition affecting millions of people worldwide. It is associated with cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition in the brain, synaptic disconnection, and subsequent progressive neuronal death. Although considerable progress has been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD, the specific causes of the disease remain highly unknown. Recent research has suggested a potential association between certain infectious diseases and dementia, either directly due to bacterial brain invasion and toxin production, or indirectly by modulating the immune response. Therefore, in the present review we focus on the emerging issues of bacterial infection and AD, including the existence of antimicrobial peptides having pore-forming properties that act in a similar way to pores formed by Aβ in a variety of cell membranes. Special focus is placed on oral bacteria and biofilms, and on the potential mechanisms associating bacterial infection and toxin production in AD. The role of bacterial outer membrane vesicles on the transport and delivery of toxins as well as porins to the brain is also discussed. Aβ has shown to possess antimicrobial activity against several bacteria, and therefore could be upregulated as a response to bacteria and bacterial toxins in the brain. Although further research is needed, we believe that the control of biofilm-mediated diseases could be an important potential prevention mechanism for AD development.
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Pinho RCM, Dias RSADM, Bandeira F, Farias Rodrigues JK, da Silva RC, Crovella S, Dos Santos EUD, Cimões R. Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene (FOKI, CDX2, and GATA) and susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals: A case-control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:e12370. [PMID: 30338675 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (variants FOKI [rs2228570], CDX2 [rs47908762], and GATA [rs4516035]) in the vitamin D receptor in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis (DM2 + CP), CP alone, and healthy individuals, and to investigate the relationship with susceptibility to CP. METHODS In total, 280 individuals (116 with DM2 + CP, 95 with CP alone, and 69 healthy individuals) were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific probes. Significant differences (P < .05) were found among the groups with regard to socio-epidemiological variables (sex, marital status, income, smoking habit, and schooling) and clinical-epidemiological variables (age, number of teeth, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival bleeding index, and visible plaque index). RESULTS The C allele was significantly more frequent among the healthy individuals (34.8%) than those with DM2 + CP (23.5%) (odds ratio [OR] = .58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: . 35-.94, P = .022). Likewise, the CC allele was significantly more frequent among healthy individuals (11.6%) than those with DM2 + CP (2.6%) (OR = .17, 95% CI: .03-.79, P = .015). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the presence of these variants could lead to a lower susceptibility to DM2 and CP. No other significant differences among groups were found for the other SNP investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto C M Pinho
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rayanne S A de M Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bandeira
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Agamenon Hospital Magalhães (HAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jessyca K Farias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Center of Biosciences (CB), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Cimões
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Bastos IHDA, Alves ES, Sousa CDD, Martins GB, Campos EDJ, Daltro C. Prevalence of risk factors for oral diseases in obese patients referred for bariatric surgery. J Am Dent Assoc 2018; 149:1032-1037. [PMID: 30336938 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for several chronic diseases, and scientific evidence suggests an association between obesity and oral diseases. In this study, the authors estimated the prevalence of risk factors for caries, dental erosion, and periodontal disease in a group of obese patients referred for bariatric surgery. METHODS The authors invited obese patients who were referred for bariatric surgery at a private center for treatment of obesity to participate in this study. The patients answered a questionnaire about their sociodemographic data, general and oral health histories, dietary habits, and oral health care behavior. RESULTS The authors evaluated a total of 255 participants; 200 (78.4%) were women, the median (interquartile range) age was 36.0 (30.0-43.0) years, and the median (interquartile range) body mass index was 39.7 (37.6-43.5) kilograms per square meter. The authors observed a high prevalence of risk factors for dental erosion; 78.4% of the participants consumed acidic foods daily, and 92.2% consumed acidic beverages daily. With respect to risk factors for caries, 38.5% of the participants reported high sucrose intake, and 59.6% preferred sweet beverages and foods with sucrose. Almost 13% of the participants reported having or having had dental mobility, and 59.6% reported having or having had gingival bleeding, suggesting a history of periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS Obese patients referred for bariatric surgery are exposed to risks of experiencing oral diseases and should be evaluated by a dentist. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Knowing the risk factors for oral diseases in obese patients is important in raising awareness about these risk factors, as well as to prevent complications in the oral cavity.
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Andreeva VA, Kesse-Guyot E, Galan P, Feron G, Hercberg S, Hennequin M, Sulmont-Rossé C. Adherence to National Dietary Guidelines in Association with Oral Health Impact on Quality of Life. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050527. [PMID: 29695050 PMCID: PMC5986407 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the association between oral health, in terms of its impact on quality of life, and diet quality expressed as adherence to dietary guidelines. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the French NutriNet-Santé general population-based e-cohort (N = 18,263 adults; mean age = 56.5 ± 13.8 years). The main independent variable, oral health-related quality of life, was assessed in 2016 with the GOHAI instrument (maximum score = 60). The main dependent variable, diet’s nutritional quality, was assessed with the mPNNS-GS score (maximum score = 13.5) measuring adherence to French dietary guidelines and computed on the basis of repeated 24-h dietary records. Multivariable linear regression models were fit. Mean GOHAI score was 54.5 ± 4.3 and mean mPNNS-GS score was 7.7 ± 1.6. Among participants aged 18–64 years, those scoring ≤50 on GOHAI (poor oral health with a detrimental impact on quality of life) were less likely to adhere to dietary guidelines than participants scoring 57–60 points (good oral health) (beta = −0.18, 95% CI: −0.26, −0.09; p < 0.0001). Among participants aged 65+ years, those scoring 51–56 points on GOHAI (average oral health with some negative impact on quality of life) were less likely to adhere to dietary guidelines than were participants scoring in the range 57–60 (beta = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.33, −0.13; p < 0.0001). The findings suggested modest age-dependent associations between oral health-related quality of life and diet quality. Confirmation is needed longitudinally with representative samples and accounting for diet quality evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Andreeva
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Université Paris 13/INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité F-93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Université Paris 13/INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité F-93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Pilar Galan
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Université Paris 13/INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité F-93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Gilles Feron
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Université Paris 13/INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité F-93017 Bobigny, France.
- Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Martine Hennequin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CROC EA 4847, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Claire Sulmont-Rossé
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté F-21000 Dijon, France.
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Ferreira CL, da Rocha VC, da Silva Ursi WJ, De Marco AC, Santamaria M, Santamaria MP, Jardini MAN. Periodontal response to orthodontic tooth movement in diabetes-induced rats with or without periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2018. [PMID: 29520787 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic conditions can influence orthodontic tooth movement. This study evaluates histologic periodontal responses to orthodontic tooth movement in diabetes-induced rats with or without periodontal disease. METHODS Forty Wistar rats were divided according their systemic condition (SC) into diabetic (D) and non-diabetic (ND) groups. Each group was subdivided into control (C), orthodontic tooth movement (OM), ligature-induced periodontitis (P) and ligature-induced periodontitis with orthodontic movement (P+OM) groups. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced with alloxan monohydrate, and after 30 days, the P group received a cotton ligature around their first lower molar crown. An orthodontic device was placed in OM and P+OM groups for 7 days, and the animals were then euthanized. RESULTS Differences in OM between D and ND groups were not significant (6.87± 3.55 mm and 6.81 ± 3.28 mm, respectively), but intragroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the P+OM groups for both SCs. Bone loss was greater in the D group (0.16 ± 0.07 mm2 ) than in the ND group (0.10 ± 0.03 mm2 ). In intragroup analysis of the D condition, the P+OM group differed statistically from the other groups, while in the ND condition, the P+OM group was different from the C and OM groups. There was a statistically significant difference in bone density between D and ND conditions (18.03 ± 8.09% and 22.53 ± 7.72%) in the C, P, and P+OM groups. CONCLUSION DM has deleterious effects on bone density and bone loss in the furcation region. These effects are maximized when associated with ligature-induced periodontitis with orthodontic movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lopes Ferreira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP São Paulo State University, School of Sciences and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Clemente da Rocha
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP São Paulo State University, School of Sciences and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Weber José da Silva Ursi
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, UNESP São Paulo State University, School of Sciences and Technology
| | - Andrea Carvalho De Marco
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP São Paulo State University, School of Sciences and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Milton Santamaria
- Graduate Program of Orthodontics and Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Heminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS Araras, Brazil
| | - Mauro Pedrine Santamaria
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP São Paulo State University, School of Sciences and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Neves Jardini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP São Paulo State University, School of Sciences and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Feng L, Wang H, Lin M. Effect of painless STA on tooth extraction of elderly patients with periodontal diseases. Exp Ther Med 2018. [PMID: 29541167 PMCID: PMC5838287 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of tooth extractions under novel painless single tooth anesthesia (STA) and conventional anesthesia on elderly patients with periodontal diseases, and the impact of painless STA on clinical indicators of the patients. Elderly patients (n=116) with periodontal diseases who were treated in Jinan Central Hospital were selected to undergo extraction operation on loose teeth; all the patients were randomly divided into two groups. The tooth extraction operations were performed after painless STA and cartridge anesthesia; the effects of the tooth extraction operations and the operation time were recorded; Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Kuttner facial expression scale, Frankl treatment compliance scale and Houpt behavior rating scale were utilized to assess and record the clinical indicators of the patients during the operations; the impacts of the two anesthesia techniques on the effect of the tooth extraction of patients with periodontal diseases were comprehensively analyzed. Compared with conventional cartridge anesthesia, painless STA could effectively shorten the operation time (P<0.01); the Frankl treatment compliance score and Houpt behavior rating score of patients receiving painless STA were remarkably higher than those of patients receiving conventional cartridge anesthesia (P<0.01); during the operation, painless STA could effectively reduce the blood pressure and slow the heart rate by comparing with cartridge anesthesia (P<0.01, P<0.05); the scores of STA and Kuttner facial expressions in patients receiving painless STA were significantly lower than those in patients receiving conventional cartridge anesthesia (P<0.01); after the operation, the incidence of adverse reactions, such as pain and swelling, in patients receiving painless STA was obviously decreased compared with that in patients receiving conventional cartridge anesthesia (P<0.01). The novel painless STA can notably shorten the time of tooth extraction of elderly patients with periodontal diseases, reduce postoperative pain and swelling, increase the compliance of the operation, alleviate the impact of tooth extraction operation on the clinical indicators of the patients and relieve the pain of patients caused by the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Customer Service Management Office, Shandong University Affiliated to Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Chen TC, Lin CT, Chien SJ, Chang SF, Chen CN. Regulation of calcification in human aortic smooth muscle cells infected with high-glucose-treated Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4759-4769. [PMID: 29150938 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis infection leading to the periodontitis has been associated with the development of systemic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. However, the effect of a high concentration of glucose (HG) on the invasion efficiency of P. gingivalis and the consequent modulation of pathogenesis in vascular cells, especially in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether treating P. gingivalis with HG could change its invasion capability and result in VSMC calcification and the underlying mechanism. Human aortic SMCs (HASMCs) and P. gingivalis strain CCUG25226 were used in this study. We found that HGPg infection of HASMCs could initiate the HASMC calcification by stimulating the autocrine regulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 in HASMCs. The upregulation of BMP4 expression in HASMCs was mediated by toll-like receptor 4 and ERK1/2-p38 signaling after P. gingivalis infection. Moreover, the autocrine action of BMP4 in HGPg infection-initiated HASMC calcification upregulated BMP4-specific downstream smad1/5/8-runx2 signaling to increase the expressions of bone-related matrix proteins, that is, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase. This study elucidates the detailed mechanism of HGPg infection-initiated calcification of HASMCs and indicates a possible therapeutic role of BMP4 in P. gingivalis infection-associated vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chuan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tsong Lin
- Center for General Education, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ju Chien
- Disivion of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Increased Micronuclei Frequency in Oral and Lingual Epithelium of Treated Diabetes Mellitus Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4898153. [PMID: 29546061 PMCID: PMC5818950 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4898153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by persistent high levels of glucose in plasma. Chronic hyperglycemia is thought to increase oxidative stress and the formation of free radicals that in turn damage cells. Thus, we decided to determine the frequency of nuclear abnormalities in epithelial cells from cheek and tongue mucosa of DM patients with type 1 (DM1, treated only with insulin) and type 2 (DM2, treated with metformin) using the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay. Micronuclei frequency in cheek epithelial cells was higher in both DM1 (0.75 ± 0.31, P < 0.001) and DM2 (0.52 ± 0.27, P < 0.001) patients, as compared to healthy controls (0.07 ± 0.06). Similarly, micronuclei frequency in tongue epithelium was increased in DM1 (0.81 ± 0.22, P < 0.001) and DM2 (0.41 ± 0.21, P < 0.001) groups, in comparison to controls (0.06 ± 0.05). Besides, we found a positive correlation between micronuclei frequency and the onset time of DM2 in both cheek (ρ = 0.69, P < 0.001) and tongue epithelial cells (ρ = 0.71, P < 0.001), but not with onset time of DM1 or age of the patients. Considering all this, we pose that BMCyt could serve as a fast and easily accessible test to assess genotoxic damage during dental visits of DM patients, helping to monitor their disease.
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Hou Y, Wang X, Zhang CX, Wei YD, Jiang LL, Zhu XY, Du YJ. Risk factors of periodontal disease in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7892. [PMID: 28858105 PMCID: PMC5585499 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the characteristics and relevant risk factors of periodontal disease (PD) among hemodialysis patients.Uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis from November 2015 to March 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into a PD group and a non-PD group. Demographic and laboratory data were collected and analyzed.In all, 136 uremic patients (79 males and 57 females, aged 50.8 ± 15.3 years) on maintenance hemodialysis were included in this study. The incidence of PD increased with age. Hemodialysis patients most likely developed PD if they were male, smokers, or diabetic (P = .009, <.001, and <.001, respectively). Patients brushing their teeth twice daily had significantly less chance of developing PD as compared with those only brushing once daily (P < .001). Hemodialysis patients in the PD group had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fasting blood glucose, and peripheral white blood cell counts, compared with the non-PD group (all P < .001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes, total cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and peripheral white blood cell count were independent risk factors for developing PD, whereas teeth brushing twice daily and serum calcium were favorable factors for maintenance hemodialysis patients against PD.Identification of risk factors provides a theoretical basis for prevention and improvement of PD among maintenance hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Panjin Center Hospital, Panjin, Liaoning
| | - Cong-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu-Dan Wei
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Yu-Jun Du
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
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Abariga SA, Whitcomb BW. Periodontitis and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:344. [PMID: 27825315 PMCID: PMC5101727 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance with first onset during pregnancy and is associated with serious maternal and fetal complications. The etiology of GDM is not well understood, but systemic inflammation effects on insulin signaling and glucose metabolism is suspected. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that induces local and host immune responses and has been evaluated for a potential role in development of GDM. Results from studies evaluating the association between periodontitis and GDM are mixed. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize available data regarding the association between periodontitis and GDM. METHODS Twelve electronic databases were searched for observational studies of the association between periodontitis and GDM through March 2016. Eligible studies were assessed for quality and heterogeneity. Random effects models were used to estimate summary measures of association. RESULTS We identified 44 articles from 115 potentially relevant reports of which 10 studies met our eligibility criteria. Clinical diagnostic criteria for periodontitis and GDM varied widely among studies, and moderate heterogeneity was observed. Random effects meta-analysis of all included studies with a total of 5724 participants including 624 cases, showed that periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of GDM by 66 %, (OR = 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.17 to 2.36; p < 0.05), I2 = 50.5 %. Similar results were seen in sub-analysis restricted to data from methodologically high quality case-control studies including 1176 participants including 380 cases, (OR = 1.85, 95 % CI: 1.03 to 3.32); p < 0.05), I2 = 68.4 %. Meta-analysis of studies that adjusted for potential confounders estimated more than 2-fold increased odds of GDM among women with periodontitis (aOR = 2.08, 95 % CI: 1.21 to 3.58, p = 0.009, I2 = 36.9 %). CONCLUSION Meta-analysis suggests that periodontitis is associated with a statistically significant increased risk for GDM compared to women without periodontitis. Robust prospective study designs and uniform definition for periodontitis and GDM definitions are urgently needed to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Abariga
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 415 Arnold House, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Brian W Whitcomb
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 415 Arnold House, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Wiener RC, Shen C, Sambamoorthi N, Sambamoorthi U. Preventive dental care in older adults with diabetes. J Am Dent Assoc 2016; 147:797-802. [PMID: 27189741 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between poor oral health and diabetes is well documented. Preventive oral health care is, therefore, strongly indicated for people with diabetes. The authors conducted a study to determine if there was a difference in preventive dental care use among older adults with diabetes in 2002 and in 2011 and to compare preventive dental care use by older adults with and without diabetes in 2002 and in 2011. METHODS The authors used a data sample of participants from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey that included older (65 years and older) fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries. The key outcome was self-reported preventive dental care. In 2002, there were 8,725 participants; in 2011, there were 7,425 participants. The authors conducted χ(2) and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS In 2002, 28.8% of participants with diabetes had preventive dental care. In 2011, this percentage increased to 36.0%. Similar results were seen among participants without diabetes (42.9% in 2002 and 45.5% in 2011). The increase in preventive dental care was statistically significant for participants with and without diabetes. The participants with diabetes, as compared with participants without diabetes, remained statistically less likely to have had preventive dental care in adjusted logistic regression analysis with and without considering the interaction between observation year and diabetes (adjusted odds ratios, 0.73 and 0.86, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although the percentage increase in participants with diabetes receiving preventive dental care is welcomed, older adults with diabetes continue to have substantial preventive dental care needs. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Additional efforts are needed to encourage people with diabetes to obtain preventive dental care.
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Sedigh-Rahimabadi M, Fani M, Rostami-Chijan M, Zarshenas MM, Shams M. A Traditional Mouthwash (Punica granatum var pleniflora) for Controlling Gingivitis of Diabetic Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2016; 22:59-67. [PMID: 26922436 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216633370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of Punica granatum var pleniflora mouthwash in treatment of diabetic gingivitis. In a double-blind randomized clinical trial 80 patients with diabetes mellitus and gingivitis were assigned to Golnaar and chlorhexidine 0.2% groups. After using mouthwashes for 2 weeks; participants underwent tooth scaling and the last visit was 2 weeks after scaling. The primary outcome measures were plaque, modified gingival and gingival bleeding indices, and pocket depth. Both interventions had significant improvement on all of the gingival and plaque indices (P < .001 for all indices). There were no significant differences between Golnaar and chlorhexidine in primary outcome measures except for modified gingival index for which Golnaar mouthwash had a superiority after 2 weeks when comparing with chlorhexidine (P = .039). Meanwhile, Golnaar mouthwash had no staining effect. Golnaar mouthwash is safe and effective in treatment of gingivitis in diabetic patients although further studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massih Sedigh-Rahimabadi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadmehdi Fani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rostami-Chijan
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Essence of Parsiyan Wisdom knowledge based Institute, Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mesbah Shams
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kulkarni V, Uttamani JR, Bhatavadekar NB. Comparison of clinical periodontal status among habitual smokeless-tobacco users and cigarette smokers. Int Dent J 2016; 66:29-35. [PMID: 26581836 PMCID: PMC9376551 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Investigating the comparative effect of cigarette smoking and smokeless-tobacco use on periodontal health. BACKGROUND There is a dearth of studies comparing the effects of smoking and smokeless tobacco on periodontal health. Smokeless tobacco is emerging as a major public health hazard, but is often neglected as a risk factor by many clinicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 286 subjects was conducted. The participants were divided into mutually exclusive groups (i.e. any subject who had the habit of both smoking as well as smokeless tobacco usage was excluded from the study), as follows: a smoking group (SG; n=121); a smokeless-tobacco group (ST; n=81); and a non-tobacco-consuming group (NT; n=84). Data were obtained using a questionnaire and by clinical examination. The Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) were used to clinically evaluate the periodontal and dental health status of the subjects. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify statistical correlations. RESULTS The Plaque Index was higher in the ST group than in the SG group and was statistically significantly higher in the ST group than in the NT group. Probing depth and gingival inflammation (components of the PDI) were also higher in the ST group than in the SG and NT groups, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of the study, and for this study population, the impact on the periodontium as a result of smokeless tobacco use appeared to be comparable with that of smoking tobacco. The results of this study affirm the need to consider smokeless tobacco as a possible contributory factor to periodontal disease, in addition to smoking, and to counsel patients accordingly. Further randomised clinical trials are necessary to validate the long-term impact of smokeless tobacco on periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kulkarni
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juhi Raju Uttamani
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neel B Bhatavadekar
- Clarus Dental Specialities, Pune, India
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Pink C, Kocher T, Meisel P, Dörr M, Markus MRP, Jablonowski L, Grotevendt A, Nauck M, Holtfreter B. Longitudinal effects of systemic inflammation markers on periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:988-97. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Pink
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Primary Prevention; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Primary Prevention; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Peter Meisel
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Primary Prevention; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Marcello R. P. Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine B; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- Department Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research; Institute for Community Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research); Partner Site Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Lukasz Jablonowski
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Primary Prevention; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Anne Grotevendt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Primary Prevention; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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Benso B, Rosalen PL, Alencar SM, Murata RM. Malva sylvestris Inhibits Inflammatory Response in Oral Human Cells. An In Vitro Infection Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140331. [PMID: 26479870 PMCID: PMC4610699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Malva sylvestris extract (MSE) and fractions in a co-culture model of cells infected by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, we evaluated the phytochemical content in the extract and fractions of M. sylvestris and demonstrated that polyphenols were the most frequent group in all samples studied. An in vitro dual-chamber model to mimic the periodontal structure was developed using a monolayer of epithelial keratinocytes (OBA-9) and a subepithelial layer of fibroblasts (HGF-1). The invasive periodontopathogen A. actinomycetemcomitans (D7S-1) was applied to migrate through the cell layers and induce the synthesis of immune factors and cytokines in the host cells. In an attempt to analyze the antimicrobial properties of MSE and fractions, a susceptibility test was carried out. The extract (MIC 175 μg/mL, MBC 500μg/mL) and chloroform fraction (MIC 150 μg/mL, MBC 250 μg/mL) were found to have inhibitory activity. The extract and all fractions were assessed using a cytotoxicity test and results showed that concentrations under 100 μg/mL did not significantly reduce cell viability compared to the control group (p > 0.05, viability > 90%). In order to analyze the inflammatory response, transcriptional factors and cytokines were quantified in the supernatant released from the cells. The chloroform fraction was the most effective in reducing the bacterial colonization (p< 0.05) and controlling inflammatory mediators, and promoted the down-regulation of genes including IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, CD14, PTGS, MMP-1 and FOS as well as the reduction of the IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF protein levels (p< 0.05). Malva sylvestris and its chloroform fraction minimized the A. actinomycetemcomitans infection and inflammation processes in oral human cells by a putative pathway that involves important cytokines and receptors. Therefore, this natural product may be considered as a successful dual anti-inflammatory-antimicrobial candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Benso
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias Alencar
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene and Division of Biomedical Sciences Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shin SY, Kim YS, Lee SY, Bae WJ, Park YD, Hyun YC, Kang K, Kim EC. Expression of Phospholipase D in Periodontitis and Its Role in the Inflammatory and Osteoclastic Response by Nicotine- and Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1405-16. [PMID: 26334245 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to investigate the expression of phospholipase D (PLD) 1 and PLD2 in periodontal patients and in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) exposed to nicotine plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Toll-like receptor 2 ligand). Furthermore, the effects of PLD isoform inhibition on the inflammatory response and osteoclast differentiation and its mechanisms were determined. METHODS Proinflammatory mediators were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To silence the gene expression of the PLD isoforms, cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PLD1 or PLD2. Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were used as osteoclast precursor cells for in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to assess signaling pathways. RESULTS Chronic smokers with periodontitis exhibited significantly higher PLD1 and PLD2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression than non-smokers with periodontitis and healthy controls. Nicotine and LPS upregulated PLD1 and PLD2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner in HPDLCs. Pharmacologic and siRNA-mediated inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 attenuated the nicotine- and LPS-induced upregulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, production of NO, and prostaglandin E2, and mRNA expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-8. The conditioned media from HPDLCs treated with PLD isoform inhibitors or siRNA against PLD inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand-mediated osteoclast differentiation, as well as protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 and c-Fos, in BMMs. In addition, PLD isoform inhibitors and siRNA inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase C, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-κB. CONCLUSION To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that PLD isoform inhibition has anti-inflammatory and antiosteoclastogenic effects and thus may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yun Shin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - So-Youn Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Won-Jung Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Yong-Duk Park
- Department of Preventive and Society Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Yong-Cheol Hyun
- Department of Preventive and Society Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - KyungLhi Kang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
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Gogeneni H, Buduneli N, Ceyhan-Öztürk B, Gümüş P, Akcali A, Zeller I, Renaud DE, Scott DA, Özçaka Ö. Increased infection with key periodontal pathogens during gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:506-12. [PMID: 25959628 PMCID: PMC4699310 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gingivitis, infection with specific periodontal pathogens and systemic inflammation each increase the risk for poor pregnancy outcome. We set out to monitor the interactions of gingivitis and GDM with respect to oral infection and the systemic inflammatory burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four case-control groups (n = 117) were recruited, (1) No gingivitis, No GDM (n = 27); (2) Gingivitis, No GDM (n = 31); (3) No gingivitis, GDM (n = 21); and (4) Gingivitis, GDM (n = 38). Oral infection with three key periodontal pathogens was determined by PCR. Systemic inflammation was determined by quantification of CRP by EIA. RESULTS Gingivitis during pregnancy was associated with oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Filifactor alocis and Treponema denticola and combinations thereof (all p < 0.01). GDM was also associated with increased infection with individual and multiple oral pathogens (all p < 0.05). Gingivitis during pregnancy led to a 325% increase in systemic CRP (mean, 2495 versus 8116 ng/ml, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes and gingivitis act in concert to increase risk biomarkers for poor pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Gogeneni
- Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Ceyhan-Öztürk
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Aydın State Hospital, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Pınar Gümüş
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aliye Akcali
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Iris Zeller
- Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Diane E. Renaud
- Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David A. Scott
- Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Özgün Özçaka
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Bae WJ, Shin MR, Kang SK, Zhang-Jun, Kim JY, Lee SC, Kim EC. HIF-2 Inhibition Supresses Inflammatory Responses and Osteoclastic Differentiation in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1241-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jung Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Ran Shin
- Department of Prosthodontics; Dongatn Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University; Dongtan South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kang
- Department of Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Zhang-Jun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheon Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC); School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Garcia D, Tarima S, Okunseri C. Periodontitis and glycemic control in diabetes: NHANES 2009 to 2012. J Periodontol 2014; 86:499-506. [PMID: 25427615 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the association between periodontitis, diabetes (DM), and glycemic control. METHODS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for 2009 to 2012 were analyzed. Periodontitis status of each participant was assessed using the full-mouth periodontal examination protocol, classified using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology surveillance case definition for total periodontitis. Self-reported DM status was defined as yes or no. Glycemic control was assessed using glycohemoglobin data at cutoff points of 7.0%, 7.5%, 8.0%, 8.5%, and 9.0%. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed, and all analyses were adjusted for the survey design. RESULTS Overall, 7,042 adults ≥30 years old with complete data were included in the study. The mean glycohemoglobin levels for individuals with and without periodontitis were 5.9% and 5.6%, respectively, and increased to 7.4% and 7.0% for participants with DM. The majority of participants with and without periodontitis were aged 50 to 64 and 35 to 49 years (37.4% versus 44.5%), respectively. In the bivariate analysis, several demographic factors were significantly associated with having periodontitis, including self-reported DM status and glycemic control. In the multivariate analysis, demographic factors, glycohemoglobin cutoff values of 8.0%, 8.5%, and 9.0%, and mean glycohemoglobin level remained significant, but self-reported DM status was not. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that glycohemoglobin and demographic factors are significantly associated with periodontitis, but not self-reported status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Garcia
- Institute for Health & Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Xu J, Xiong M, Huang B, Chen H. Advanced glycation end products upregulate the endoplasmic reticulum stress in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol 2014; 86:440-7. [PMID: 25415248 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) appears to be the main factor responsible for modulating periodontal inflammation in diabetes. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of AGEs on inflammation in human periodontal ligament cells and to investigate the mechanism with a specific emphasis on the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. METHODS Cytotoxicity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The protein expressions of ER markers and NF-κB were examined by Western blot analysis. The translocation of NF-κB was observed by immunofluorescence assay. Proinflammatory chemokine production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Treatment with AGEs reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. AGEs induced ER stress, as evidenced by survival molecules, such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6), and apoptotic molecules, such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase 12. AGEs upregulated the nucleoprotein expression of NF-κB, enhanced translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and increased the production of proinflammatory chemokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-8. CONCLUSION AGEs mediate inflammation of human periodontal ligament cells via the ER stress-induced NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Kang SK, Park YD, Kang SI, Kim DK, Kang KL, Lee SY, Lee HJ, Kim EC. Role of resistin in the inflammatory response induced by nicotine plus lipopolysaccharide in human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:602-13. [PMID: 25393899 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Resistin was recently reported to play a role in inflammation-related diseases such as arthritis. However, the precise role of resistin in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as periodontal disease, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of resistin and to assess whether resistin expression influences the levels of inflammatory cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and MMPs in human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) stimulated with both nicotine and LPS. MATERIAL AND METHODS PDLCs were pretreated with isoproterenol or resistin-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), stimulated with LPS plus nicotine for 24 h, and then monitored for the production of inflammatory mediators. The concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by radioimmunoassay and the Griess method, respectively. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to measure the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. Western blot analysis was also used to assess the activation of various signal-transduction pathways. RESULTS Treatment with nicotine plus LPS up-regulated the expression of resistin mRNA and the production of resistin protein in PDLCs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Isoproterenol-mediated interference with the function of resistin, or siRNA-mediated knockdown of resistin expression, markedly attenuated the LPS plus nicotine-mediated stimulation of PGE2 and NO production, the production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase proteins and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-12] and MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9); however, these treatments restored the expression of ECM molecules. Furthermore, pretreatment with isoproterenol or resistin-specific siRNA blocked nicotine plus LPS-induced activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, β-catenin, p38, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-κB. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that the inhibition of resistin, by either a pharmacological or a genetic silencing approach, has anti-inflammatory effects. These effects include decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and the prevention of ECM breakdown in a nicotine plus LPS-stimulated PDLC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kang
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y D Park
- Department of Preventive and Society Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S I Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D K Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K L Kang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E C Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The older patient often presents with clinically challenging dental problems combined with complex medical, social, psychological, and financial barriers to oral health. Through careful consideration, the clinician can design a thoughtfully sequenced treatment plan that addresses dental conditions and facilitates improved oral health. Several models serve to guide the clinician with this endeavor. Treatment planning for a medically complex patient with xerostomia and dementia involves a great deal of uncertainty, which may be attenuated by flexibility and good communication with the patient and all involved parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella M Oong
- Private Practice, 1690 Woodside Road, Suite 209, Redwood City, CA 94061, USA
| | - Gregory K An
- Private Practice, 1690 Woodside Road, Suite 209, Redwood City, CA 94061, USA.
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SOUSA JNLD, NÓBREGA DRDM, ARAKI ÂT. Perfil e percepção de diabéticos sobre a relação entre diabetes e doença periodontal. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/rou.2014.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A periodontite é considerada um dos principais problemas de saúde em pacientes com diabetes e sua presença pode induzir resistência à insulina.OBJETIVO: avaliar o perfil e a percepção de pacientes com diabetes sobre a relação bidirecional entre diabetes e doença periodontal, assim como a integralidade da atenção primária à saúde destes pacientes.MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal, com 154 usuários cadastrados no programa HIPERDIA, em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF), utilizando-se um questionário estruturado. Os dados foram registrados no SPSS e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial, considerando-se um nível de significância de 5%.RESULTADO: A maioria dos pacientes pertencia ao gênero feminino (71,1%), apresentava baixa renda (73,2%) e escolaridade (42,5%), era não fumante (87,6%), com mais de 12 dentes perdidos (73,2%), escovavam os dentes duas vezes por dia (54,9%) e não utilizavam o fio dental (79,1%). Verificou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre: gênero e número de escovações (pCONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com diabetes apresentam elevada prevalência de dentes perdidos, carência de informações sobre os cuidados de higiene bucal e acerca da relação entre a doença periodontal e diabetes, o que evidencia a necessidade uma maior integração entre o Cirurgião-Dentista e a equipe médica.
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Garlet GP, Santos CF. Cell culture conditions: from outer space-like conditions to the mimicking of complex in vivo environments. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:144-5. [PMID: 25025552 PMCID: PMC4072262 DOI: 10.1590/1678-77572014ed003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kocyigit I, Yucel HE, Cakmak O, Dogruel F, Durukan DB, Korkar H, Unal A, Sipahioglu MH, Oymak O, Gurgan CA, Tokgoz B. An ignored cause of inflammation in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: periodontal problems. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:2021-8. [PMID: 24756531 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to assess whether there is a significant relation between periodontal health status and inflammation in uremic patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and also to reveal the efficiency of periodontal treatment in patients with various degrees of periodontal problems. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 68 patients undergoing CAPD were included in the study. Clinical indices and measurements were obtained at baseline and panoramic radiographies were used for the diagnosis. According to the baseline values, patients were stratified into four groups according to the severity of periodontal problems as follows: healthy/gingivitis, slight-to-moderate, and severe periodontitis. A control examination was performed 3 months after the periodontal treatment for only 43 patients. Clinical and laboratory parameters before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS The frequency of periodontal disease was found to be high in uremic patients on CAPD. The frequency and severity of periodontitis was also found to be significantly (p < 0.01) higher in patients with high sensitive C-reactive protein levels and longer duration of peritoneal dialysis (p < 0.01). In addition, the periodontitis rate was found to be higher in patients with cardiovascular disease (p < 0.05) and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION A meticulous periodontal examination should be a routine part of management of the uremic patients on CAPD because periodontal disease could be one of the hidden sources of unexplained inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Kocyigit
- Department of Nephrology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey,
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Medina-Solís CE, Pontigo-Loyola AP, Pérez-Campos E, Hernández-Cruz P, Ávila-Burgos L, Mendoza-Rodríguez M, Maupomé G. National survey of oral/dental conditions related to tobacco and alcohol use in Mexican adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:3169-84. [PMID: 24642844 PMCID: PMC3987028 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110303169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral diseases are a major burden on individuals and health systems. The aim of this study was to determine whether consumption of tobacco and alcohol were associated with the prevalence of oral/dental problems in Mexican adults. Using data from the National Performance Evaluation Survey 2003, a cross-sectional study part of the World Health Survey, dental information from a representative sample of Mexico (n = 22,229, N = 51,155,740) was used to document self-reported oral/dental problems in the 12 months prior to the survey. Questionnaires were used to collect information related to sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and other risk factors. Three models were generated for each age group (18–30, 31–45 and 46–98 years). The prevalence of oral/dental conditions was 25.7%. Adjusting for sex, schooling, socioeconomic position, diabetes, and self-reported health, those who used tobacco (sometimes or daily) (OR = 1.15, p = 0.070; OR = 1.24, p < 0.01; and OR = 1.16, p < 0.05, for each age group respectively) or alcohol (moderate or high) (OR = 1.26, p < 0.001; OR = 1.18, p < 0.01 and OR = 1.30, p < 0.001, for each age group respectively) had a higher risk of reporting oral/dental problems. Because tobacco and alcohol use were associated with self-reported oral/dental problems in one out of four adults, it appears advisable to ascertain how direct is such link; more direct effects would lend greater weight to adopting measures to reduce consumption of tobacco and alcohol for the specific purpose of improving oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico.
| | - América Patricia Pontigo-Loyola
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos
- Research Centre in Medical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University "Benito Juarez" of Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico.
| | - Pedro Hernández-Cruz
- Research Centre in Medical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University "Benito Juarez" of Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Ávila-Burgos
- Health Systems Research Centre, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico.
| | - Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- School of Dentistry, Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Negrato CA, Gomes MB. Low birth weight: causes and consequences. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:49. [PMID: 24128325 PMCID: PMC3765917 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During our phylogenetic evolution we have selected genes, the so called thrifty genes, that can help to maximize the amount of energy stored from every consumed calorie. An imbalance in the amount of stored calories can lead to many diseases. In the early 80's the distinguished English epidemiologist David Barker, formulated a hypothesis suggesting that many events that occur during the intrauterine life and early in infancy can influence the occurrence of many diseases that will develop in adulthood. This theory proposes that under-nutrition and other insult or adverse stimulus in utero and during infancy can permanently change the body's structure, physiology and metabolism. The lasting or lifelong effects of under-nutrition will depend on the period in the development at which it occurs. The clues that led Barker to his conclusions started to be discovered when he was studying the temporal trends in the incidence of ischemic heart disease in England and Wales. Examining data found in The Hertfordshire records, collected in the beginning of the last century, he found that the rates of mortality by ischemic heart disease was much higher in children born in less affluent counties and mostly in those with low birth weight. After his initial findings a myriad of diseases have been found to be linked to low birth weight and under-nutrition in utero and in the neonatal period. These diseases were then nominated adult diseases with fetal origin. Epidemiological studies that led to these findings suggest that in utero and early postnatal life have critical importance for long-term programming of health and disease, opening unique chances for primary prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Antonio Negrato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bauru’s Diabetics Association, 17012-433 Bauru São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Marilia Brito Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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