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Saivish MV, Nogueira ML, Rossi SL, Vasilakis N. Beyond Borders: Investigating the Mysteries of Cacipacoré, a Lesser-Studied Arbovirus in Brazil. Viruses 2024; 16:336. [PMID: 38543701 PMCID: PMC10975354 DOI: 10.3390/v16030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cacipacoré virus (CPCV) was discovered in 1977 deep in the Amazon rainforest from the blood of a black-faced ant thrush (Formicarius analis). As a member of the family Flaviviridae and genus orthoflavivirus, CPCV's intricate ecological association with vectors and hosts raises profound questions. CPCV's transmission cycle may involve birds, rodents, equids, bovines, marsupials, non-human primates, and bats as potential vertebrate hosts, whereas Culex and Aedes spp. mosquitoes have been implicated as potential vectors of transmission. The virus' isolation across diverse biomes, including urban settings, suggests its adaptability, as well as presents challenges for its accurate diagnosis, and thus its impact on veterinary and human health. With no specific treatment or vaccine, its prevention hinges on traditional arbovirus control measures. Here, we provide an overview of its ecology, transmission cycles, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention, aiming at improving our ability to better understand this neglected arbovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielena V. Saivish
- Laboratórios de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (M.V.S.); (M.L.N.)
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratórios de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (M.V.S.); (M.L.N.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
| | - Shannan L. Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
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2
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Chalhoub FLL, Horta MAP, Alcantara LCJ, Morales A, dos Santos LMB, Guerra-Campos V, Rodrigues CDS, Santos CC, Mares-Guia MAM, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, de Filippis AMB. Serological Evidence of Exposure to Saint Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Horses of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112459. [PMID: 36366557 PMCID: PMC9695862 DOI: 10.3390/v14112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with arboviruses are reported worldwide. Saint Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are closely related flaviviruses affecting humans and animals. SLEV has been sporadically detected in humans, and corresponding antibodies have been frequently detected in horses throughout Brazil. WNV was first reported in western Brazil over a decade ago, has been associated with neurological disorders in humans and equines and its prevalence is increasing nationwide. Herein, we investigated by molecular and serological methods the presence of SLEV and WNV in equines from Rio de Janeiro. A total of 435 serum samples were collected from healthy horses and tested for specific neutralizing antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90). Additionally, samples (serum, cerebrospinal fluid, central nervous system tissue) from 72 horses, including horses with neurological disorders resulting in a fatal outcome or horses which had contact with them, were tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for both viruses. Adopting the criterion of four-fold antibody titer difference, 165 horses (38%) presented neutralizing antibodies for flaviviruses, 89 (20.4%) for SLEV and five (1.1%) for WNV. No evidence of SLEV and WNV infection was detected by RT-qPCR and, thus, such infection could not be confirmed in the additional samples. Our findings indicate horses of Rio de Janeiro were exposed to SLEV and WNV, contributing to the current knowledge on the distribution of these viruses in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alejandra Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino 2700, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Carolina C. Santos
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e de Saúde Pública do Departamento de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
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3
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Diniz DDM, Lima GS, Rocha LLL, Jesus TKSD, Pinheiro Júnior JW, Villalobos EMC, Lara MDCCDSH, Rizzo H. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with seropositivity for equine encephalomyelitis virus in horses in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000462020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huber Rizzo
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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4
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Celone M, Okech B, Han BA, Forshey BM, Anyamba A, Dunford J, Rutherford G, Mita-Mendoza NK, Estallo EL, Khouri R, de Siqueira IC, Pollett S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the potential non-human animal reservoirs and arthropod vectors of the Mayaro virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0010016. [PMID: 34898602 PMCID: PMC8699665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving our understanding of Mayaro virus (MAYV) ecology is critical to guide surveillance and risk assessment. We conducted a PRISMA-adherent systematic review of the published and grey literature to identify potential arthropod vectors and non-human animal reservoirs of MAYV. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO and grey-literature sources including PAHO databases and dissertation repositories. Studies were included if they assessed MAYV virological/immunological measured occurrence in field-caught, domestic, or sentinel animals or in field-caught arthropods. We conducted an animal seroprevalence meta-analysis using a random effects model. We compiled granular georeferenced maps of non-human MAYV occurrence and graded the quality of the studies using a customized framework. Overall, 57 studies were eligible out of 1523 screened, published between the years 1961 and 2020. Seventeen studies reported MAYV positivity in wild mammals, birds, or reptiles and five studies reported MAYV positivity in domestic animals. MAYV positivity was reported in 12 orders of wild-caught vertebrates, most frequently in the orders Charadriiformes and Primate. Sixteen studies detected MAYV in wild-caught mosquito genera including Haemagogus, Aedes, Culex, Psorophora, Coquillettidia, and Sabethes. Vertebrate animals or arthropods with MAYV were detected in Brazil, Panama, Peru, French Guiana, Colombia, Trinidad, Venezuela, Argentina, and Paraguay. Among non-human vertebrates, the Primate order had the highest pooled seroprevalence at 13.1% (95% CI: 4.3-25.1%). From the three most studied primate genera we found the highest seroprevalence was in Alouatta (32.2%, 95% CI: 0.0-79.2%), followed by Callithrix (17.8%, 95% CI: 8.6-28.5%), and Cebus/Sapajus (3.7%, 95% CI: 0.0-11.1%). We further found that MAYV occurs in a wide range of vectors beyond Haemagogus spp. The quality of evidence behind these findings was variable and prompts calls for standardization of reporting of arbovirus occurrence. These findings support further risk emergence prediction, guide field surveillance efforts, and prompt further in-vivo studies to better define the ecological drivers of MAYV maintenance and potential for emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Celone
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bernard Okech
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Han
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, United States of America
| | - Brett M. Forshey
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Assaf Anyamba
- University Space Research Association & NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Dunford
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George Rutherford
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Elizabet Lilia Estallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT) CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fiocruz, R. Waldemar Falcão, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Simon Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Active Circulation of Madariaga Virus, a Member of the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Complex, in Northeast Brazil. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080983. [PMID: 34451447 PMCID: PMC8400464 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Madariaga virus (MADV) is a member of the eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) complex that circulates in Central and South America. It is a zoonotic, mosquito-borne pathogen, belonging to the family Togaviridae. Disturbances in the natural transmission cycle of this virus result in outbreaks in equines and humans, leading to high case fatality in the former and acute febrile illness or neurological disease in the latter. Although a considerable amount of knowledge exists on the eco-epidemiology of North American EEEV strains, little is known about MADV. In Brazil, the most recent isolations of MADV occurred in 2009 in the States of Paraíba and Ceará, northeast Brazil. Because of that, health authorities have recommended vaccination of animals in these regions. However, in 2019 an equine encephalitis outbreak was reported in a municipality in Ceará. Here, we present the isolation of MADV from two horses that died in this outbreak. The full-length genome of these viruses was sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses performed. Pathological findings from postmortem examination are also discussed. We conclude that MADV is actively circulating in northeast Brazil despite vaccination programs, and call attention to this arbovirus that likely represents an emerging pathogen in Latin America.
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Catenacci LS, Ferreira MS, Fernandes D, Padda H, Travassos-da-Rosa ES, Deem SL, Vasconcelos PFC, Martins LC. Individual, household and environmental factors associated with arboviruses in rural human populations, Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:203-212. [PMID: 33538403 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Landscape change is one of the foremost drivers of the emergence of infectious diseases. Exploring demographic, household and environmental conditions under which infectious diseases occur may inform strategies to prevent disease emergence in human populations. We collected blood samples from 523 humans and explore factors for arbovirus emergence in Bahia, Brazil. The overall arbovirus seroprevalence was 65.2%, with the genus Flavivirus most prevalent (64.4%). Based on monotypic reactions, the population had contact with five arbovirus: Dengue 3, Ilheus, Oropouche, Caraparu and Eastern equine encephalitis virus. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting exposure to Oropouche, Caraparu and Eastern equine encephalitis virus in human populations in Bahia, Northeast of Brazil. The best model fit demonstrated that household and environmental variables were more predictive of the risk of arbovirus exposure than demographic variables. The presence of forest and free-living monkeys in the areas close to the communities had a protective effect for the human population (i.e. lower seroprevalence). The dilution effect is considered as one explanation for this finding. These results highlight the important ecological role of wildlife-friendly agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian S Catenacci
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí State, Teresina, Brazil.,Federal University of Para State- Post Graduate Program PPGSAAM, Castanhal, Brazil.,Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Milene S Ferreira
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute- Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Debora Fernandes
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute- Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Hannah Padda
- Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Sharon L Deem
- Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pedro F C Vasconcelos
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute- Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Livia C Martins
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute- Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
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7
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Nunes JDSDSS, Casseb LMN, Guimarães RJDPS, Reis WDM, de Barros BDCV, Ferreira MS, Chiang JO, Pinheiro HHC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Cruz ACR. Serological evidence of Eastern equine encephalitis circulation in equids in Pará state, Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021; 43:e001720. [PMID: 35749099 PMCID: PMC9185993 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum samples from 89 equids were analyzed (75 horses, 9 donkeys, and 5 mules) from the municipality of Viseu, Pará state, Brazil. Samples were collected in November 2014 and August 2015. The antibody prevalence against the following alphaviruses was estimated: Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Mucambo virus, and Mayaro virus. Seroprevalence was determined by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) technique. Sera that exhibited HI antibodies with heterotypic reactions for the analyzed viruses were subjected to the 90% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90). The HI prevalence of monotypic reactions to EEEV was 7.9%, and that of WEEV was 1.1%, as confirmed by PRNT90. Viral isolation attempts were negative for all tested blood samples. Our results suggest the circulation of equine encephalitis complex viruses. Future studies should evaluate the possible involvement of arthropod hosts and residents in the viral transmission in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Milene Silveira Ferreira
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc, Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, IEC, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Jannifer Oliveira Chiang
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc, Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, IEC, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc, Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, IEC, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC) CEP 67.030-000, Ananindeua (PA), Brazil E- mail:
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8
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Mello MVP, Domingos TFS, Ferreira DF, Ribeiro MMJ, Ribeiro TP, Rodrigues CR, Souza AMT. Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development for Mayaro Fever - What do we have so far? Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:921-928. [PMID: 32178610 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200316160425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tropical infectious diseases cause millions of deaths every year in developing countries, with about half of the world population living at risk. Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus that causes Mayaro fever, which is characterized by fever, headache, diarrhea, arthralgia, and rash. These symptoms can be clinically indistinguishable from other arboviruses, such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya, which makes the diagnosis and treatment of the disease more difficult. Though, the Mayaro virus is a potential candidate to cause large-scale epidemics on the scale of ZIKV and CHIKV. Despite this, there is no licensed vaccine or antiviral for the treatment of Mayaro fever and most arboviruses, so the design and development of candidates for antiviral drugs are urgently needed. In this context, this mini-review aims to provide an overview of studies of anti-MAYV derivatives and highlight the importance of the discovery and development of promising drug candidates for Mayaro fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos V P Mello
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Chemistry Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaisa F S Domingos
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Davis F Ferreira
- Department of Virology, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mariana M J Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thayssa P Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M T Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Morel AP, Webster A, Zitelli LC, Umeno K, Souza UA, Prusch F, Anicet M, Marsicano G, Bandarra P, Trainini G, Stocker J, Giani D, Fortes FB, Goenaga S, Reck J. Serosurvey of West Nile virus (WNV) in free-ranging raptors from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:411-418. [PMID: 33108590 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus that can affect birds, horses, and humans, and is the only zoonotic Flavivirus that has been identified in six continents. In Brazil, until 2010, there was no evidence of WNV circulation. Recently, the virus was isolated from a horse with encephalitis, and the first human cases were registered in Brazil. Despite that, there is still no information on the enzootic cycle of this virus in birds or wildlife. This study aimed to investigate whether there is evidence of WNV circulation among wild birds from Southern Brazil. For this, we used free-living wild raptors (live-trapped or rescued) as potential sentinels to investigate the presence of WNV antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assay. In addition, the presence of nucleic acids from Flavivirus family members was investigated. None of the birds sampled presented clinical findings compatible with WNV. Of the 200 serum samples from birds of prey belonging to 21 species, ten (5%) were positive for the presence of WNV antibodies on ELISA testing. The PRNT test did not confirm the ELISA results, but indicated that three birds had possibly been exposed to Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). All samples were negative for Flavivirus RNA. The results presented here evince the need for permanent surveillance for emerging flaviviruses in Brazil, as well as for a contingency policy in the case of human/animal outbreaks, particularly in high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Morel
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Anelise Webster
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Calo Zitelli
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Karen Umeno
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Ugo Araújo Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Prusch
- Clinica Veterinária Toca dos Bichos, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Anicet
- Clinica Veterinária Toca dos Bichos, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Bandarra
- Nucleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre-UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Trainini
- Hayabusa Consultoria Ambiental, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - Julian Stocker
- Hayabusa Consultoria Ambiental, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Giani
- Hayabusa Consultoria Ambiental, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia Borges Fortes
- Programa Estadual de Sanidade Avícola (PESA), Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural (SEAPDR), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvina Goenaga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - José Reck
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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Serological evidence of arboviruses and coccidia infecting horses in the Amazonian region of Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225895. [PMID: 31830142 PMCID: PMC6907776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arboviruses and protozoans can cause neurologic disorders in horses. In Brazilian Amazon, several horses presenting signs compatible with disorders caused by these infectious agents have been observed. Objective To contribute to the knowledge of this epidemiological picture, we sought to construct a serological diagnostic panel for neurotrophic infectious agents in local horses. Material and methods A total of 213 blood samples from horses were collected from 29 farms in three municipalities. Samples were evaluated and considered positive when they met the following criteria: titers ≥ 1:80 with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for apicomplexan protozoans; positive recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with subsequent titers ≥ 1:10 by the PRNt for viruses; and detection under direct microscopic examination for Trypanosoma evansi. Results No horses were found to be infected by T. evansi, and only two were infected Toxoplasma gondii and/or Neospora spp. The highest protozoan infection rate was observed for Sarcocystis neurona (40.3%; n = 86/213). Among the positive ELISA samples tested by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90), 92% (n = 76/83) were positive for St Louis Encephalitis virus, 43% (n = 6/14) were positive for West Nile virus and 33% (n = 16/48) were positive for Mayaro virus. Eighteen percent (n = 39/213) of horses were co-infected by S. neurona and at least one arbovirus, particularly SLEV and/or MAYV. Conclusion Samples positive for SLEV associated with S. neurona, including samples from horses that had recovered from neurological signs were frequent, and must be considered when investigating the possible causes of neurological diseases in South Roraima horses.
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11
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Paiva MHS, Barbosa RMR, Santos SA, Silva NM, Paula MB, Ayres CFJ, Leal WS. An unsettling explanation for the failure of skatole-baited ovitraps to capture Culex mosquitoes. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:873-880. [PMID: 29442435 PMCID: PMC6488435 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Culex mosquitoes are primarily found in temperate and tropical regions worldwide where they play a crucial role as main vectors of filarial worms and arboviruses. In Recife, a northeast city in Brazil, high densities of Culex quinquefasciatus are often found in association with human populated areas. In marked contrast to another part of the city, field tests conducted in the neighborhood of Sítio dos Pintos showed that trapping of mosquitoes in skatole-baited ovitraps did not differ significantly from captures in control (water) traps. Thus, classical and molecular taxonomic approaches were used to analyze the Culex species circulating in Sítio dos Pintos. Results obtained from both approaches agreed on the cocirculation of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex nigripalpus in three different areas of this neighborhood. What was initially considered as an unexpected failure of this lure turned out to be a more unsettling problem, that is, the first report in Recife of Culex nigripalpus, a vector of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Unplanned urbanization processes close to remnants of the Atlantic forest, such as observed in Sítio dos Pintos, may have contributed to the introduction of Cx. nigripalpus in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H. S. Paiva
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Campus da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50.740-465 Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Rodovia BR-104, km 59/Nova Caruaru, Caruaru, PE, 55.002-970 Brazil
| | - Rosângela M. R. Barbosa
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Campus da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50.740-465 Brazil
| | - Suzane A. Santos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Campus da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50.740-465 Brazil
| | - Norma M. Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, 88.040-900 Brazil
| | - Marcia B. Paula
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904 Brazil
| | - Constância F. J. Ayres
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Campus da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50.740-465 Brazil
| | - Walter S. Leal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Almeida MABD, Santos ED, Cardoso JDC, Noll CA, Lima MDM, Silva FDAE, Ferreira MS, Martins LC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Bicca-Marques JC. Detection of antibodies against Icoaraci, Ilhéus, and Saint Louis Encephalitis arboviruses during yellow fever monitoring surveillance in non-human primates (Alouatta caraya) in southern Brazil. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:211-217. [PMID: 31032984 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free-ranging non-human primates (NHPs) can host a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, such as arboviruses, which include the yellow fever virus (YFV). This study aimed to detect the circulation of YF and other arboviruses in three wild Alouatta caraya populations in forests in southern Brazil. METHODS We collected 40 blood and serum samples from 26 monkeys captured/recaptured up to four times from 2014 to 2016, searching for evidence of arboviruses by virus isolation, PCR, and neutralization tests. RESULTS Viral isolation and genome detection were negative; however, we detected neutralizing antibodies against the Saint Louis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses in three NHPs. CONCLUSIONS Saint Louis Encephalitis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses circulated recently in the region. Future studies should investigate the role of NHPs, other vertebrate hosts and wild vectors in the region's arbovirus circulation and the potential risks of the arboviruses to wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Barreto de Almeida
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jáder da Cruz Cardoso
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Noll
- 17ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Moura Lima
- 17ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
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Carrera JP, Bagamian KH, Travassos da Rosa AP, Wang E, Beltran D, Gundaker ND, Armien B, Arroyo G, Sosa N, Pascale JM, Valderrama A, Tesh RB, Vittor AY, Weaver SC. Human and Equine Infection with Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses in Panamá during 2010: A Cross-Sectional Study of Household Contacts during an Encephalitis Outbreak. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1798-1804. [PMID: 29737271 PMCID: PMC6086197 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genera Alphavirus (family Togaviridae) and Flavivirus (family Flaviridae) are important zoonotic human and equine etiologic agents of neurologic diseases in the New World. In 2010, an outbreak of Madariaga virus (MADV; formerly eastern equine encephalitis virus) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) infections was reported in eastern Panamá. We further characterized the epidemiology of the outbreak by studying household contacts of confirmed human cases and of equine cases with neurological disease signs. Serum samples were screened using a hemagglutination inhibition test, and human results were confirmed using plaque reduction neutralization tests. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the human MADV and VEEV seroprevalence ratios by age (in tercile) and gender. Overall, antibody prevalence for human MADV infection was 19.4%, VEEV 33.3%, and Mayaro virus 1.4%. In comparison with individuals aged 2-20 years, people from older age groups (21-41 and > 41 years) were five times more likely to have antibodies against VEEV, whereas the MADV prevalence ratio was independent of age. The overall seroprevalence of MADV in equids was 26.3%, VEEV 29.4%, West Nile virus (WNV) 2.6%, and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) was 63.0%. Taken together, our results suggest that multiple arboviruses are circulating in human and equine populations in Panamá. Our findings of a lack of increase in the seroprevalence ratio with age support the hypothesis of recent MADV exposure to people living in the affected region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Carrera
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Karoun H. Bagamian
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Bagamian Scientific Consulting, LLC, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amelia P. Travassos da Rosa
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Eryu Wang
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Davis Beltran
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Nathan D. Gundaker
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Blas Armien
- Department of Research in Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Gianfranco Arroyo
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Néstor Sosa
- Clinical Research Unit, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Juan Miguel Pascale
- Clinical Research Unit, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Anayansi Valderrama
- Department of Medical Entomology, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Amy Y. Vittor
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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14
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Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Campos Z, Soares R, Nogueira RMR, Komar N. Neutralizing antibodies for orthobunyaviruses in Pantanal, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006014. [PMID: 29091706 PMCID: PMC5665413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pantanal is a hotspot for arbovirus studies in South America. Various medically important flaviviruses and alphaviruses have been reported in domestic and wild animals in the region. To expand the knowledge of local arbovirus circulation, a serosurvey for 14 Brazilian orthobunyaviruses was conducted with equines, sheep and free-ranging caimans. Sera were tested for specific viral antibodies using plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Monotypic reactions were detected for Maguari, Xingu, Apeu, Guaroa, Murutucu, Oriboca, Oropouche and Nepuyo viruses. Despite the low titers for most of the orthobunyaviruses tested, the detection of monotypic reactions for eight orthobunyaviruses suggests the Pantanal as a region of great orthobunyavirus diversity. The present data, in conjunction with previous studies that detected a high diversity of other arboviruses, ratify the Pantanal as an important natural reservoir for sylvatic and medically important arboviruses in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Zilca Campos
- Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, MS, Brasil
| | - Raquel Soares
- Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, MS, Brasil
| | - Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Nicholas Komar
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
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15
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Marcondes CB, Contigiani M, Gleiser RM. Emergent and Reemergent Arboviruses in South America and the Caribbean: Why So Many and Why Now? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:509-532. [PMID: 28399216 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Varios arbovirus han emergido y/o reemergido en el Nuevo Mundo en las últimas décadas. Los virus Zika y chikungunya, anteriormente restringidos a África y quizás Asia, invadieron el continente, causando gran preocupación; además siguen ocurriendo brotes causados por el virus dengue en casi todos los países, con millones de casos por año. El virus West Nile invadió rápidamente América del Norte, y ya se han encontrado casos en América Central y del Sur. Otros arbovirus, como Mayaro y el virus de la encefalitis equina del este han aumentado su actividad y se han encontrado en nuevas regiones. Se han documentado cambios en la patogenicidad de algunos virus que conducen a enfermedades inesperadas. Una fauna diversa de mosquitos, cambios climáticos y en la vegetación, aumento de los viajes, y urbanizaciones no planificadas que generan condiciones adecuadas para la proliferación de Aedes aegypti (L.), Culex quinquefasciatus Say y otros mosquitos vectores, se han combinado para influir fuertemente en los cambios en la distribución y la incidencia de varios arbovirus. Se enfatiza la necesidad de realizar estudios exhaustivos de la fauna de mosquitos y modificaciones de las condiciones ambientales, sobre todo en las zonas urbanas fuertemente influenciadas por factores sociales, políticos y económicos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Brisola Marcondes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marta Contigiani
- Emeritus Professor, Instituto de Virologia "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Enfermera Gordillo Gomez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raquel Miranda Gleiser
- Centro de Relevamiento y Evaluación de Recursos Agrícolas y Naturales (CREAN) - Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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16
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Chapman GE, Archer D, Torr S, Solomon T, Baylis M. Potential vectors of equine arboviruses in the UK. Vet Rec 2017; 180:19. [PMID: 27694545 PMCID: PMC5284472 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There is growing concern about the increasing risk of disease outbreaks caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) in both human beings and animals. There are several mosquito-borne viral diseases that cause varying levels of morbidity and mortality in horses and that can have substantial welfare and economic ramifications. While none has been recorded in the UK, vector species for some of these viruses are present, suggesting that UK equines may be at risk. The authors undertook, therefore, the first study of mosquito species on equine premises in the UK. Mosquito magnet traps and red-box traps were used to sample adults, and larvae were collected from water sources such as tyres, buckets, ditches and pools. Several species that are known to be capable of transmitting important equine infectious arboviruses were trapped. The most abundant, with a maximum catch of 173 in 72 hours, was Ochlerotatus detritus, a competent vector of some flaviviruses; the highest densities were found near saltmarsh habitats. The most widespread species, recorded at >75 per cent of sites, was Culiseta annulata. This study demonstrates that potential mosquito vectors of arboviruses, including those known to be capable of infecting horses, are present and may be abundant on equine premises in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Chapman
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Archer
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Torr
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - T Solomon
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Baylis
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Abstract
Genomic sequences are described from five novel viruses and divergent strains of Brejeira and Guaico Culex viruses from mosquitoes collected in Pantanal, Brazil, in 2010.
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18
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Heinen LBDS, Zuchi N, Serra OP, Cardoso BF, Gondim BHF, Dos Santos MAM, Souto FJD, Paula DAJD, Dutra V, Dezengrini-Slhessarenko R. SAINT LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN MATO GROSSO, CENTRAL-WESTERN BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016. [PMID: 26200961 PMCID: PMC4544245 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV), which is frequently involved in large epidemics, and the yellow fever virus (YFV), which is responsible for sporadic sylvatic outbreaks, are considered the most important flaviviruses circulating in Brazil. Because of that, laboratorial diagnosis of acute undifferentiated febrile illness during epidemic periods is frequently directed towards these viruses, which may eventually hinder the detection of other circulating flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), which is widely dispersed across the Americas. The aim of this study was to conduct a molecular investigation of 11 flaviviruses using 604 serum samples obtained from patients during a large dengue fever outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso (MT) between 2011 and 2012. Simultaneously, 3,433 female Culex spp. collected with Nasci aspirators in the city of Cuiabá, MT, in 2013, and allocated to 409 pools containing 1-10 mosquitoes, were also tested by multiplex semi-nested reverse transcription PCR for the same flaviviruses. SLEV was detected in three patients co-infected with DENV-4 from the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande. One of them was a triple co-infection with DENV-1. None of them mentioned recent travel or access to sylvatic/rural regions, indicating that transmission might have occurred within the metropolitan area. Regarding mosquito samples, one pool containing one Culex quinquefasciatus female was positive for SLEV, with a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 0.29 per 1000 specimens of this species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates both human and mosquito SLEV cluster, with isolates from genotype V-A obtained from animals in the Amazon region, in the state of Pará. This is the first report of SLEV molecular identification in MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Borges da Silva Heinen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nayara Zuchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Otacília Pereira Serra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Belgath Fernandes Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco José Dutra Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Daphine Ariadne Jesus de Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Renata Dezengrini-Slhessarenko
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Wang Y, Ostlund EN, Jun Y, Nie FP, Li YG, Johnson DJ, Lin R, Li ZG. Combining reverse-transcription multiplex PCR and microfluidic electrophoresis to simultaneously detect seven mosquito-transmitted zoonotic encephalomyelitis viruses. Vet J 2015; 212:27-35. [PMID: 27256022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several mosquito-transmitted viruses are causative agents for zoonotic encephalomyelitis. Rapid identification of these viruses in mosquito populations is an effective method for surveying these diseases. To detect multiple mosquito-transmitted viral agents, including West Nile virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, Western equine encephalomyelitis virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, Highlands J virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, an assay using multiplex reverse-transcription PCR combined with microfluidic electrophoresis was developed and evaluated. Tailed nested primers were used in the assay to amplify specific viral genomic segments, and products with specific length were further analyzed by using a microfluidic electrophoresis chip. The assay exhibited good specificity and analytical sensitivity (10(2) copies/µL). This technology can be helpful in the quarantine and surveillance of exotic encephalomyelitis viruses which are transmitted by mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Eileen N Ostlund
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, STAS/VS/APHIS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Yang Jun
- Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Fu-Ping Nie
- Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Ying-Guo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Donna J Johnson
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, STAS/VS/APHIS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Rui Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Monoclonal antibody against Saint Louis encephalitis prM viral protein. J Virol Methods 2015; 218:14-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Silva JR, Romeiro MF, Souza WMD, Munhoz TD, Borges GP, Soares OAB, Campos CHCD, Machado RZ, Silva MLCR, Faria JLM, Chávez JH, Figueiredo LTM. A Saint Louis encephalitis and Rocio virus serosurvey in Brazilian horses. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 47:414-7. [PMID: 25229279 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0117-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arboviruses are an important public health problem in Brazil, in especially flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and the Rocio virus (ROCV), are especially problematic. These viruses are transmitted to humans or other vertebrates through arthropod bites and may cause diseases with clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic infection, viral hemorrhagic fever to encephalitis. METHODS A serological survey of horses from various regions of Brazil using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant SLEV domain III peptides and ROCV E protein as antigens. RESULTS Overall, 415 (55.1%) of the 753 horses that were screened were seropositive for flavivirus and, among them, monotypic reactions were observed to SLEV in 93 (12.3%) and to ROCV in 46 (6.1%). These results suggested that these viruses, or other closely related viruses, are infecting horses in Brazil. However, none of the studied horses presented central nervous system infection symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SLEV and ROCV previously circulated among horses in northeast, west-central and southeast Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Raymondi Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia Farignoli Romeiro
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Demarchi Munhoz
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Puía Borges
- Escola de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazi
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Helena Chávez
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Costa E, Rosa R, Oliveira T, Furtini R, Fonseca Júnior A, Paixão T, Santos R. Diagnóstico etiológico de enfermidades do sistema nervoso central de equinos no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-6765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O Brasil possui o quarto maior rebanho equino do mundo, e o Estado de Minas Gerais detém o maior número de equinos do país. Portanto, um diagnóstico preciso das doenças neurológicas dos equinos é prioridade no estado. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, utilizando a Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR), os agentes infecciosos responsáveis por enfermidades que afetam o sistema nervoso central (SNC) de equinos. De janeiro de 2009 a janeiro de 2011, foi realizado um levantamento dos casos de encefalites e encefalomielites em equinos no Estado de Minas Gerais, utilizando-se amostras de SNC de equinos que morreram com sinais neurológicos. Das 217 amostras de SNC, 47 (21,7%) foram positivas para o vírus da raiva pelo método de imunofluorescência indireta e inoculação em camundongos. Nas 170 amostras negativas para o vírus da raiva, o herpes-vírus equino-1 (EHV-1) foi diagnosticado em 20 (11,8%) e o herpes-vírus suíno-1 (SHV-1), em uma amostra por meio de PCR, e o vírus encefalite de Saint Louis (SLEV), em outra amostra, através de transcrição reversa (RT) e PCR (RT-PCR). Constatou-se que o vírus da raiva é o principal agente causador de encefalite em equinos, apesar do crescente número de casos de encefalomielite associados ao EHV-1 no Estado de Minas Gerais.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Costa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - R. Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - R. Furtini
- Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Brasil
| | | | - T.A. Paixão
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - R.L. Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Juliano RS, Campos Z, Velez J, Nogueira RMR, Komar N. Neutralising antibodies for Mayaro virus in Pantanal, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:125-33. [PMID: 25742272 PMCID: PMC4371226 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pantanal hosts diverse wildlife species and therefore is a hotspot for arbovirus studies in South America. A serosurvey for Mayaro virus (MAYV), eastern (EEEV), western (WEEV) and Venezuelan (VEEV) equine encephalitis viruses was conducted with 237 sheep, 87 free-ranging caimans and 748 equids, including 37 collected from a ranch where a neurologic disorder outbreak had been recently reported. Sera were tested for specific viral antibodies using plaque-reduction neutralisation test. From a total of 748 equids, of which 264 were immunised with vaccine composed of EEEV and WEEV and 484 had no history of immunisation, 10 (1.3%) were seropositive for MAYV and two (0.3%) for VEEV using criteria of a ≥ 4-fold antibody titre difference. Among the 484 equids without history of immunisation, 48 (9.9%) were seropositive for EEEV and four (0.8%) for WEEV using the same criteria. Among the sheep, five were sero- positive for equine encephalitis alphaviruses, with one (0.4%) for EEEV, one (0.4%) for WEEV and three (1.3%) for VEEV. Regarding free-ranging caimans, one (1.1%) and three (3.4%), respectively, had low titres for neutralising antibodies to VEEV and undetermined alphaviruses. The neurological disorder outbreak could not be linked to the alphaviruses tested. Our findings represent strong evidence that MAYV and all equine encephalitis alphaviruses circulated in the Pantanal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Soares Juliano
- Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, MS, Brasil
| | - Zilca Campos
- Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, MS, Brasil
| | - Jason Velez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Komar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Cruz LCDTAD, Serra OP, Leal-Santos FA, Ribeiro ALM, Slhessarenko RD, Santos MAD. Natural transovarial transmission of dengue virus 4 in Aedes aegypti from Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 48:18-25. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0264-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Svoboda WK, Martins LC, Malanski LDS, Shiozawa MM, Spohr KAH, Hilst CLS, Aguiar LM, Ludwig G, Passos FDC, Silva LRD, Headley SA, Navarro IT. Serological evidence for Saint Louis encephalitis virus in free-ranging New World monkeys and horses within the upper Paraná River basin region, Southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 47:280-6. [PMID: 25075477 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0083-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) primarily occurs in the Americas and produces disease predominantly in humans. This study investigated the serological presence of SLEV in nonhuman primates and horses from southern Brazil. METHODS From June 2004 to December 2005, sera from 133 monkeys (Alouatta caraya, n=43; Sapajus nigritus, n=64; Sapajus cay, n=26) trap-captured at the Paraná River basin region and 23 blood samples from farm horses were obtained and used for the serological detection of a panel of 19 arboviruses. All samples were analyzed in a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay; positive monkey samples were confirmed in a mouse neutralization test (MNT). Additionally, all blood samples were inoculated into C6/36 cell culture for viral isolation. RESULTS Positive seroreactivity was only observed for SLEV. A prevalence of SLEV antibodies in sera was detected in Alouatta caraya (11.6%; 5/43), Sapajus nigritus (12.5%; 8/64), and S. cay (30.8%; 8/26) monkeys with the HI assay. Of the monkeys, 2.3% (1/42) of A. caraya, 6.3% 94/64) of S. nigritus, and 15.4% (4/26) of S. cay were positive for SLEV in the MNT. Additionally, SLEV antibodies were detected by HI in 39.1% (9/23) of the horses evaluated in this study. Arboviruses were not isolated from any blood sample. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed the presence of SLEV in nonhuman primates and horses from southern Brazil. These findings most likely represent the first detection of this virus in nonhuman primates beyond the Amazon region. The detection of SLEV in animals within a geographical region distant from the Amazon basin suggests that there may be widespread and undiagnosed dissemination of this disease in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walfrido Kühl Svoboda
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucas M Aguiar
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR
| | - Gabriela Ludwig
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, João Pessoa, PB
| | | | | | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Basil
| | - Italmar Teodorico Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Basil
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Infection with Saint Louis encephalitis virus in the city of Ribeirao Preto, Brazil: report of one case. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 26:96-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Campos Z, Juliano R, Velez J, Nogueira RMR, Komar N. Serological evidence of widespread circulation of West Nile virus and other flaviviruses in equines of the Pantanal, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2706. [PMID: 24551266 PMCID: PMC3923745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study reported neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) in horses from four ranches of southern Pantanal. To extend that study, a serosurvey for WNV and 11 Brazilian flaviviruses was conducted with 760 equines, 238 sheep and 61 caimans from 17 local cattle ranches. Among the tested equines, 32 were collected from a ranch where a neurologic disorder outbreak had been recently reported. The sera were initially screened by using a blocking ELISA and then titrated by 90% plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) for 12 flaviviruses. Employing the criterion of 4-fold greater titer, 78 (10.3%) equines were seropositive for Ilheus virus, 59 (7.8%) for Saint Louis encephalitis virus, 24 (3.2%) for WNV, two (0.3%) for Cacipacore virus and one (0.1%) for Rocio virus. No serological evidence was found linking the neurological disease that affected local equines to WNV. All caimans and sheep were negative by blocking ELISA for flaviviruses. There were no seropositive equines for Bussuquara, Iguape, Yellow fever and all four Dengue virus serotypes. The detection of WNV-seropositive equines in ten ranches and ILHV and SLEV-seropositive equines in fourteen ranches of two different sub-regions of Pantanal is strong evidence of widespread circulation of these flaviviruses in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Fulbright Visiting Researcher in Doctorate Sandwich Program at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Zilca Campos
- Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Raquel Juliano
- Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jason Velez
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Komar
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Seroprevalence of St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus (Flavivirus, Flaviviridae) in horses, Uruguay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:582957. [PMID: 24490165 PMCID: PMC3891745 DOI: 10.1155/2013/582957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) belong to the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex (Flavivirus genus, Flaviviridae family). They show antigenic close relationships and share many similarities in their ecology. Both are responsible for serious human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of neutralizing antibodies to these viruses in horses from Uruguay. To do this, 425 horse sera were collected in 2007 and analyzed by plaque reduction neutralization tests. As a result, 205 sera (48.2%) were found positive for SLEV, with titers ranging between 10 and 80. Two sera remained inconclusive, since they showed low titers to WNV and SLEV (10 and 20), not allowing us to demonstrate activity of WNV in our territory. This is the first report of circulation of SLEV in horses in Uruguay.
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Rosa R, Costa EA, Marques RE, Oliveira TS, Furtini R, Bomfim MRQ, Teixeira MM, Paixão TA, Santos RL. Isolation of saint louis encephalitis virus from a horse with neurological disease in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2537. [PMID: 24278489 PMCID: PMC3836713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a causative agent of encephalitis in humans in the Western hemisphere. SLEV is a positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Flavivirus genus, which includes West Nile encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus and other medically important viruses. Recently, we isolated a SLEV strain from the brain of a horse with neurological signs in the countryside of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The SLEV isolation was confirmed by reverse-transcription RT-PCR and sequencing of the E protein gene. Virus identity was also confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence using commercial antibodies against SLEV. To characterize this newly isolated strain in vivo, serial passages in newborn mice were performed and led to hemorrhagic manifestations associated with recruitment of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system of newborns. In summary this is the first isolation of SLEV from a horse with neurological signs in Brazil. St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), a member of the Flavivirus genus, which includes West Nile encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, and other medically important viruses, is a cause of encephalitis in humans and animals. SLEV is considered endemic in the Americas, and currently there is no vaccine or specific treatment available for controlling of preventing SLEV-induced encephalitis. In this study we describe the first isolation of SLEV from an adult male horse with neurologic disease, which was further characterized by molecular and serological methods. Phylogenetic analysis of a 903 base pairs amplified sequence from partial Envelope (E) gene region indicated that the isolate from the horse was within the cluster of the VB genotype. In addition, inoculation of the SLEV isolate intracranially in newborn mice resulted in circulatory and neurological changes. This is the first report of isolation of SLEV from a horse with neurological disease in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rosa
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erica Azevedo Costa
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Taismara Simas Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Saúde Animal, Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Furtini
- Laboratório de Saúde Animal, Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Alves Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Lima Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Kenney JL, Couto-Lima D, Campos ZMS, Schatzmayr HG, Nogueira RMR, Brault AC, Komar N. Ilheus virus isolation in the Pantanal, west-central Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2318. [PMID: 23875051 PMCID: PMC3715421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The wetlands of the Brazilian Pantanal host large concentrations of diverse wildlife species and hematophagous arthropods, conditions that favor the circulation of zoonotic arboviruses. A recent study from the Nhecolândia sub-region of Pantanal reported serological evidence of various flaviviruses, including West Nile virus and Ilheus virus (ILHV). According to the age of seropositive horses, at least three flaviviruses, including ILHV, circulated in the Brazilian Pantanal between 2005 and 2009. To extend this study, we collected 3,234 adult mosquitoes of 16 species during 2009 and 2010 in the same sub-region. Mosquito pool homogenates were assayed for infectious virus on C6/36 and Vero cell monolayers and also tested for flaviviral RNA by a group-specific real-time RT-PCR. One pool containing 50 non-engorged female specimens of Aedes scapularis tested positive for ILHV by culture and for ILHV RNA by real-time RT-PCR, indicating a minimum infection rate of 2.5 per 1000. Full-length genomic sequence exhibited 95% identity to the only full genome sequence available for ILHV. The present data confirm the circulation of ILHV in the Brazilian Pantanal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Fulbright Visiting Researcher in Doctorate Sandwich Program at CDC, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joan L. Kenney
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dinair Couto-Lima
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Hermann G. Schatzmayr
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rita M. R. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Aaron C. Brault
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Komar
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Melo R, Cavalcanti R, Villalobos E, Cunha E, Lara M, Aguiar D. Ocorrência de equídeos soropositivos para os vírus das encefalomielites e anemia infecciosa no Estado de Mato Grosso. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-16572012000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente trabalho determinou a ocorrência de equídeos com sorologia positiva para os vírus das encefalomielites virais dos tipos Leste (EEL), Oeste (EEO) e Venezuelana (EEV) e Anemia Infecciosa (AIE) nos biomas Amazônico, Pantaneiro e Cerrado do Estado de Mato Grosso. A detecção de anticorpos para AIE foi realizada em 886 soros pela prova de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA), enquanto que para EEL, EEO e EEV foi realizada em 473 soros pela Microtécnica de Soroneutra-lização viral em culturas de células VERO. Para AIE, 46 (5,1%) equídeos foram positivos, não sendo observados animais positivos da região amazônica e a maior frequência ocorrendo no ambiente do pantanal com 36,6% de animais positivos (P < 0,05). Para as encefalites virais, foram detectados 168 (35,5%) equídeos positivos para EEL e 31 (6,5%) para EEV. Não houve soros positivos para EEO. As maiores frequências de animais positivos para EEL foram observadas nos ambientes pantaneiro e amazônico com 45,8% e 62,0%, respectivamente (P < 0,05). Os três biomas estudados apresentaram ocorrência similar (P > 0.05) de animais positivos para EEV, com 4,1%, 6,4% e 10,3% para o pantanal, cerrado e amazônia, respectivamente. Embora não apresentando equídeos reagente ao vírus da AIE na região amazônica, a presença de positivos em Mato Grosso encontra-se dentro do relatado no Brasil. O comportamento diferenciado do vírus da EEL e EEV nos três ecossistemas estudados reforça a presença de animais reservatórios, condições ambientais e climáticas que favorecem a proliferação de vetores que propiciam a infecção pelos vírus no Estado de Mato Grosso.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.M. Melo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Mattar S, Komar N, Young G, Alvarez J, Gonzalez M. Seroconversion for west Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses among sentinel horses in Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 106:976-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000800012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Morales MA, Levis S, Figueiredo LTM, Couto-Lima D, Campos Z, Nogueira MF, Silva EED, Nogueira RMR, Schatzmayr HG. Neutralising antibodies for West Nile virus in horses from Brazilian Pantanal. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 106:467-74. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvana Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermidades Virales Humanas Dr Julio I Maiztegui, Argentina
| | | | | | - Zilca Campos
- Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brasil
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