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Sorokoumova AA, Seryapina AA, Polityko YK, Yanshole LV, Tsentalovich YP, Gilinsky МА, Markel АL. Urine metabolic profile in rats with arterial hypertension of different genesis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:299-307. [PMID: 38952704 PMCID: PMC11214897 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying arterial hypertension leads to the necessity to devise a personalized approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Metabolomics is one of the promising methods for personalized medicine, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of the physiological processes occurring in the body. The metabolome is a set of low-molecular substances available for detection in a sample and representing intermediate and final products of cell metabolism. Changes in the content and ratio of metabolites in the sample mark the corresponding pathogenetic mechanisms by highlighting them, which is especially important for such a multifactorial disease as arterial hypertension. To identify metabolomic markers for hypertensive conditions of different origins, three forms of arterial hypertension (AH) were studied: rats with hereditary AH (ISIAH rat strain); rats with AH induced by L-NAME administration (a model of endothelial dysfunction with impaired NO production); rats with AH caused by the administration of deoxycorticosterone in combination with salt loading (hormone-dependent form - DOCA-salt AH). WAG rats were used as normotensive controls. 24-hour urine samples were collected from all animals and analyzed by quantitative NMR spectroscopy for metabolic profiling. Then, potential metabolomic markers for the studied forms of hypertensive conditions were identified using multivariate statistics. Analysis of the data obtained showed that hereditary stress-induced arterial hypertension in ISIAH rats was characterized by a decrease in the following urine metabolites: nicotinamide and 1-methylnicotinamide (markers of inflammatory processes), N- acetylglutamate (nitric oxide cycle), isobutyrate and methyl acetoacetate (gut microbiota). Pharmacologically induced forms of hypertension (the L-NAME and DOCA+NaCl groups) do not share metabolomic markers with hereditary AH. They are differentiated by N,N-dimethylglycine (both groups), choline (the L-NAME group) and 1-methylnicotinamide (the group of rats with DOCA-salt hypertension).
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Sorokoumova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Seryapina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu K Polityko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu P Tsentalovich
- International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - М А Gilinsky
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - А L Markel
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Maneesai P, Potue P, Khamseekaew J, Sangartit W, Rattanakanokchai S, Poasakate A, Pakdeechote P. Kaempferol protects against cardiovascular abnormalities induced by nitric oxide deficiency in rats by suppressing the TNF-α pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176112. [PMID: 37879426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid compound that exhibits various pharmacological actions. However, there are few reports regarding the role of kaempferol in cardiovascular abnormalities. This study aimed to assess whether kaempferol could prevent cardiovascular malfunction and hypertrophy provoked by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) formation in rats. Rats (180-200 g) were treated daily with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) (40 mg/kg, in drinking water) for five weeks concomitant with kaempferol (oral administration) at a dose of 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg or lisinopril (5 mg/kg). Kaempferol partially prevented the progression of hypertension provoked by NO inhibition (p < 0.05). Left ventricular malfunction and hypertrophy present in hypertensive rats were alleviated by concurrent administration of kaempferol (p < 0.05). Furthermore, L-NAME rats had increased sympathetic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction and decreased acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation and aortic wall thickening, which were resolved by kaempferol treatment (p < 0.05). Kaempferol restored tissue superoxide formation, malondialdehyde, catalase activity, plasma nitric oxide metabolites, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 in L-NAME rats (p < 0.05). Overexpression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt1) and smad2/3 in heart tissue and upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB (p-NF-κB) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in vascular tissue were suppressed by kaempferol (p < 0.05). In conclusion, kaempferol exerts antihypertensive, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in NO-dependent hypertensive rats. The underlying mechanisms of kaempferol in preventing cardiovascular changes induced by L-NAME were due to the suppression of the TNF-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Weerapon Sangartit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Anuson Poasakate
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand.
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Iampanichakul M, Potue P, Rattanakanokchai S, Maneesai P, Khamseekaew J, Settheetham-Ishida W, Pakdeechote P. Limonin ameliorates cardiovascular dysfunction and remodeling in hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2023; 327:121834. [PMID: 37290669 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Limonin is a tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from citrus fruits. Here, the effects of limonin on cardiovascular abnormalities in nitric oxide-deficient rats induced by Nω-Nitrol-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were explored. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were given L-NAME (40 mg/kg, drinking water) for 3 weeks and then treated daily with polyethylene glycol (vehicle), limonin (50 or 100 mg/kg) or telmisartan (10 mg/kg) for two weeks. KEY FINDINGS Limonin (100 mg/kg) markedly reduced L-NAME-induced hypertension, cardiovascular dysfunction and remodeling in rats (P < 0.05). Increases in systemic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II (Ang II) and a reduction in circulating ACE2 were restored in hypertensive rats treated with limonin (P < 0.05). Reductions in antioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and increases in oxidative stress components induced by L-NAME were relieved by limonin treatment (P < 0.05). Limonin suppressed the increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in cardiac tissue and circulating TNF-α in rats that received L-NAME (P < 0.05). Changes in Ang II receptor type I (AT1R), Mas receptor (MasR), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB) and NADPH oxidase subunit 2 (gp91phox) protein expression in cardiac and aortic tissue were normalized by limonin (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, limonin ameliorated L-NAME-induced hypertension, cardiovascular dysfunction and remodeling in rats. These effects were relevant to restorations of the renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress and inflammation in NO-deficient rats. The molecular mechanisms are associated with the modulation of AT1R, MasR, NF-ĸB and gp91phox protein expression in cardiac and aortic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metee Iampanichakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Ibarrola DA, Arrua W, Gonzalez JE, Soverina Escobar MS, Centurión J, Campuzano Benitez AM, Ovando Soria FM, Rodas González EI, Arrúa KG, Acevedo Barrios MB, Heinichen OY, Montalbetti Y, Campuzano-Bublitz MA, Kennedy ML, Figueredo Thiel SJ, Alvarenga NL, Hellión-Ibarrola MC. The antihypertensive and diuretic effect of crude root extract and saponins from Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., in L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115605. [PMID: 35973627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., is used in Paraguayan folk medicine claiming antihypertensive and diuretic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the influence of chronic oral administration of the crude root extract and saponins obtained from S. sisymbriifolium Lam., on the blood pressure of male and female rats with hypertension induced by L-NAME, and its consequences on diuresis, the body weight, blood glucose, and level of serum parameters of liver and kidney functionality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven male, and seven female groups (8 animals each), which received as 6-week pretreatment, 0.9% saline solution (two groups; 0.1mL/10 g of b.w.), L-arginine (100.0 mg/kg/day), enalapril (15.0 mg/kg/day), crude extract (CESs 100.0 mg/kg/day), and saponin purified fraction (1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg/day), and treated with L-NAME (20 mg/kg/day/i.p.) twice, 1, and 6 h after pre-treatment. The animals' body weight, glycemia, and blood pressure were recorded weekly, while serum, hepatic, renal, and histological parameters were analyzed at the end of 6-week of treatment. RESULTS A protective effect of CESs (100.0 mg/kg/day), and saponins (1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg/day) against hypertension induced by L-NAME was verified in the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure values, which were significantly lower than the positive L-NAME-hypertensive control group (male and female) at the end of the 6-week treatment. Also, pretreatment with enalapril (15.0 mg/kg/day) induced an efficient protective activity, which validates the method used. Likewise, the volume of urine, creatinine, uric acid, urea, and electrolyte excretion was enhanced at the end of 6-week of treatment in concordance with the reduction in serum level of the same parameters, compatible with the improvement of the diuretic activity. The glycemia, body weight, heart rate, and functional hepato-renal parameters were not modified after a 6-week of treatment, in comparison to the control group, indicating relatively acceptable harmless properties of CESs and saponins. Interestingly, the HDL level in females was increased in contrast to male rats by chronic saponins treatment when compared with the negative control group. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that either the increment in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and median) or cardiorenal remodeling effects in male and female rats submitted to L-NAME-induced hypertensive condition, were prevented and well-preserved without a significant variation during a period of 6-week of pretreatment with CESs and saponins pretreatments. Likewise, an important diuretic effect was revealed after this period of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Ibarrola
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
| | - W Arrua
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - J E Gonzalez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M S Soverina Escobar
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - J Centurión
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - A M Campuzano Benitez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - F M Ovando Soria
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - E I Rodas González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - K G Arrúa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M B Acevedo Barrios
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - O Y Heinichen
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Y Montalbetti
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M A Campuzano-Bublitz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M L Kennedy
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - S J Figueredo Thiel
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - N L Alvarenga
- Departamento de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M C Hellión-Ibarrola
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 2169, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
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Atawia RT, Faulkner JL, Mehta V, Austin A, Jordan CR, Kennard S, Belin de Chantemèle EJ. Endothelial leptin receptor is dispensable for leptin-induced sympatho-activation and hypertension in male mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 146:107093. [PMID: 35914636 PMCID: PMC9561021 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Leptin plays a crucial role in blood pressure (BP) regulation, notably in the context of obesity through central sympatho-mediated pressor effects. Leptin also relaxes arteries via endothelial (EC) leptin receptor (LepREC)-mediated increases in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Herein, we investigated whether leptin-mediated increases in NO bioavailability represent a buffering mechanism against leptin-induced sympatho-activation. We tested the direct contribution of LepREC to BP regulation in physiological conditions and in response to chronic leptin infusion using mice deficient in LepREC. LepREC deficiency did not alter baseline metabolic profile nor leptin-induced reduction in adiposity and increases in energy expenditure. LepREC-/- mice demonstrated no increase in baseline BP and heart rate (HR) (MAP: LepREC+/+:94.7 ± 1.6, LepREC-/-:95.1 ± 1.8 mmHg; HR:LepREC+/+:492.4 ± 11.7, LepREC-/-:509.5 ± 13.4 bpm) nor in response to leptin (MAP, LepREC+/+:101.1 ± 1.7, LepREC-/-:101.7 ± 1.8 mmHg; HR, LepREC+/+:535.6 ± 11.1, LepREC-/-:539.3 ± 14.2 bpm). Moreover, baseline neurogenic control of BP and HR was preserved in LepREC-/- mice as well as leptin-mediated increases in sympathetic control of BP and HR and decreases in vagal tone. Remarkably, LepREC deficiency did not alter endothelium-dependent relaxation in resistance vessels, nor NO contribution to vasodilatation. Lastly, leptin induced similar increases in adrenergic contractility in mesenteric arteries from both LepREC+/+ and LepREC-/- mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the NO buffering effects of leptin are absent in resistance arteries and do not contribute to BP regulation. We provide further evidence that leptin-mediated hypertension involves increased vascular sympatho-activation and extend these findings by demonstrating for the first time that increased cardiac sympatho-activation and reduced vagal tone also contribute to leptin-mediated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem T Atawia
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, Georgia
| | - Jessica L Faulkner
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, Georgia
| | - Vinay Mehta
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, Georgia
| | - Andrew Austin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, Georgia
| | - Coleton R Jordan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, Georgia
| | - Simone Kennard
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, Georgia
| | - Eric J Belin de Chantemèle
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, Georgia; Departments of Medicine (Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, Georgia.
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Chao YM, Rauchová H, Chan JYH. Disparate Roles of Oxidative Stress in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in Age-Dependent Susceptibility to Hypertension Induced by Systemic l-NAME Treatment in Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092232. [PMID: 36140333 PMCID: PMC9496567 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether tissue oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons reside, plays an active role in age-dependent susceptibility to hypertension in response to nitric oxide (NO) deficiency induced by systemic l-NAME treatment, and to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) in conscious rats were recorded, along with measurements of plasma and RVLM level of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of mRNA and protein involved in ROS production and clearance, in both young and adult rats subjected to intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusion of l-NAME. Pharmacological treatments were administered by oral gavage or intracisternal infusion. Gene silencing of target mRNA was made by bilateral microinjection into RVLM of lentivirus that encodes a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down gene expression of NADPH oxidase activator 1 (Noxa1). We found that i.p. infusion of l-NAME resulted in increases in SBP, sympathetic neurogenic vasomotor activity, and plasma norepinephrine levels in an age-dependent manner. Systemic l-NAME also evoked oxidative stress in RVLM of adult, but not young rats, accompanied by augmented enzyme activity of NADPH oxidase and reduced mitochondrial electron transport enzyme activities. Treatment with L-arginine via oral gavage or infusion into the cistern magna (i.c.), but not i.c. tempol or mitoQ10, significantly offset the l-NAME-induced hypertension in young rats. On the other hand, all treatments appreciably reduced l-NAME-induced hypertension in adult rats. The mRNA microarray analysis revealed that four genes involved in ROS production and clearance were differentially expressed in RVLM in an age-related manner. Of them, Noxa1, and GPx2 were upregulated and Duox2 and Ucp3 were downregulated. Systemic l-NAME treatment caused greater upregulation of Noxa1, but not Ucp3, mRNA expression in RVLM of adult rats. Gene silencing of Noxa1 in RVLM effectively alleviated oxidative stress and protected adult rats against l-NAME-induced hypertension. These data together suggest that hypertension induced by systemic l-NAME treatment in young rats is mediated primarily by NO deficiency that occurs both in vascular smooth muscle cells and RVLM. On the other hand, enhanced augmentation of oxidative stress in RVLM may contribute to the heightened susceptibility of adult rats to hypertension induced by systemic l-NAME treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Mei Chao
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hana Rauchová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-77338415
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Hashmi SF, Rathore HA, Sattar MA, Johns EJ, Gan CY, Chia TY, Ahmad A. Hydrogen Sulphide Treatment Prevents Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting the Expression of ICAM-1 and NF-kB Concentration in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1549. [PMID: 34680182 PMCID: PMC8534271 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Our main objective was to investigate the effect of chronic administration of hydrogen sulphide donor (sodium hydrosulphide) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and concentration of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in a renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) model of WKY and L-nitro-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 35 days while cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) inhibitor dL-propargylglycine (PAG) was administered at a single dose of 50 mg/kg. Animals were anesthetised using sodium pentobarbitone (60 mg/kg) and then prepared to induce renal ischemia by clamping the left renal artery for 30 min followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Pre-treatment with NaHS improved the renal functional parameters in both WKY and L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats along with reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive groups. Oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were also improved by NaHS treatment following renal IRI. Levels of ICAM-1 and NF-kB concentration were reduced by chronic treatment with NaHS and increased by PAG administration after renal IRI in plasma and kidney. Treatment with NaHS improved tubular morphology and glomerulus hypertrophy. Pre-treatment with NaHS reduced the degree of renal IRI by potentiating its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism, as evidenced by decreased NF-kB concentration and downregulation of ICAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed F. Hashmi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.F.H.); (H.A.R.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Hassaan Anwer Rathore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.F.H.); (H.A.R.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Munavvar A. Sattar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.F.H.); (H.A.R.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Edward J. Johns
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Chee-Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Penang 11900, Malaysia;
| | - Tan Yong Chia
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Penang 11900, Malaysia;
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.F.H.); (H.A.R.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Cyperus esculentus L. and Tetracarpidium conophorum Müll. Arg. Supplemented Diet Improved Testosterone Levels, Modulated Ectonucleotidases and Adenosine Deaminase Activities in Platelets from L-NAME-Stressed Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103529. [PMID: 34684530 PMCID: PMC8541559 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In hypertensive individuals, platelet morphology and function have been discovered to be altered, and this has been linked to the development of vascular disease, including erectile dysfunction (ED). The impact of nutritional supplementation with Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut, TN) and Tetracarpidium conophorum (walnut, WN) on androgen levels, ectonucleotidases, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in platelets from L-NAME (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) challenged rats were investigated. We hypothesized that these nuts may show a protective effect on platelets aggregation and possibly enhance the sex hormones, thereby reverting vasoconstriction. Wistar rats (male; 250-300 g; n = 10) were grouped into seven groups as follows: basal diet control group (I); basal diet/L-NAME/Viagra (5 mg/kg/day) as positive control group (II); ED-induced group (basal diet/L-NAME) (III); diet supplemented processed TN (20%)/L-NAME (IV); diet supplemented raw TN (20%)/L-NAME (V); diet supplemented processed WN (20%)/L-NAME (VI); and diet supplemented raw WN (20%)/L-NAME (VII). The rats were given their regular diet for 2 weeks prior to actually receiving L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) for ten days to induce hypertension. Platelet androgen levels, ectonucleotidases, and ADA were all measured. L-NAME considerably lowers testosterone levels (54.5 ± 2.2; p < 0.05). Supplementing the TN and WN diets revealed improved testosterone levels as compared to the control (306.7 ± 5.7), but luteinizing hormone levels remained unchanged. Compared to control groups, the L-NAME-treated group showed a rise in ATP (127.5%) hydrolysis and ADA (116.7%) activity, and also a decrease in ADP (76%) and AMP (45%) hydrolysis. Both TN and WN supplemented diets resulted in substantial (p < 0.05) reversal effects. Enhanced testosterone levels and modulation of the purinergic system in platelets by TN and WN could be one of the mechanisms by which they aid in vasoconstriction control.
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Belemnaba L, Nitiéma M, Ilboudo S, Ouédraogo GG, Ouédraogo N, Belemlilga MB, Compaoré S, Ouédraogo S, Ouédraogo S. Preclinical Evaluation of the Antihypertensive Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill et Perr. Bark of Trunk in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rat. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:739-754. [PMID: 34393522 PMCID: PMC8357407 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s319787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigates the effect of an aqueous extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (AEAL) on normotensive Wistar rats and its chronic antihypertensive effects in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats by using a non-invasive tail-cuff model. METHODS The effects of AEAL (50mg/kg) and NaCl 0.9% on blood pressure were investigated by daily oral administration in normotensive Wistar rats over four weeks. L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats were produced by L-NAME (40mg/kg) daily oral administration for two weeks. For chronic antihypertensive effects, induced hypertensive rats have received L-NAME in combination with AEAL (10 or 50mg/kg/day) for two following weeks. RESULTS In normotensive rats, daily administration of AEAL (50mg/kg) has no significant effect on their blood pressure, which was similar to that of the control group. L-NAME's daily oral administration induces a progressive increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 115.8 ± 7.9mmHg to 153.5 ± 4.6mmHg after two weeks, which was maintained to the end of the treatment. In L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, AEAL (50mg/kg/day) significantly decreases the SPB from 160.0 ± 5.8 mmHg to 108.8 ± 2.7mmHg after only four days of administration. However, the lower dose of AEAL (10mg/kg) also normalized the SBP of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats but only evident after seven days of administration. Moreover, AEAL does not effect on the serum biochemical parameters (ALAT, ASAT, CREAT, etc.) and any macroscopic adverse effect was detected on the sensible organs involved during hypertension. In the aorta rings from treated rats, AEAL (50mg/kg/day) alone or in combination with L-NAME has enhanced the vasodilation effect of acetylcholine. However, the vasodilation effect of AEAL alone or in association with L-NAME has enhanced the sodium nitroprusside effect in treated rat aorta rings after autopsy. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AEAL affords significant antihypertensive effects against L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats without modification of serum parameters and deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazare Belemnaba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Mathieu Nitiéma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Sylvain Ilboudo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Gueswindé Geoffroy Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Noufou Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Mohamed Bonewendé Belemlilga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Souleymane Compaoré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Salfo Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Sylvin Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
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Silva EAP, Carvalho JS, Dos Santos DM, Oliveira AMS, de Souza Araújo AA, Serafini MR, Oliveira Santos LAB, Batista MVDA, Viana Santos MR, Siqueira Quintans JDS, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Barreto AS. Cardiovascular effects of farnesol and its β-cyclodextrin complex in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174060. [PMID: 33819466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Farnesol (FAR) is a sesquiterpene alcohol with a range of reported biological effects including cardioprotective, antioxidant and antiarrhythmic properties. However, due to its volatility, the use of drug incorporation systems, such as cyclodextrins, have been proposed to improve its pharmacological properties. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the cardiovascular effects of FAR alone, and to investigate the antihypertensive effects of FAR complexed with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) in rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after intravenous administration of FAR (0,5; 2,5; 5 and 7,5 mg/kg) in normotensive rats, and after oral acute administration (200 mg/kg) of FAR and FAR/βCD complex in NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats. In normotensive animals, FAR induced dose-dependent hypotension associated with bradycardia. These effects were not affected by pre-treatment with L-NAME or indomethacin (INDO), but were partially attenuated by atropine. Pre-treatment with hexamethonium (HEXA) only affected hypotension. In the hypertensive rats, FAR/βCD potentialized the antihypertensive effect when compared to FAR alone. Molecular docking experiments demonstrated for the first time that FAR has affinity to bind to the M3 and M2 muscarinic, and nicotinic receptors through hydrogen bonds in the same residues as known ligands. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that FAR induced hypotension associated with bradycardia, possibly through the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. The inclusion complex with βCD improved the antihypertensive effects of FAR, which can be relevant to improve current cardiovascular therapy using volatile natural components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Aian P Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Carvalho
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Danillo M Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria S Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Adriano A de Souza Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mairim R Serafini
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus V de A Batista
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Márcio R Viana Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jullyana de S Siqueira Quintans
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - André S Barreto
- Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Cavalcante GL, Ferreira FN, da Silva MTB, Soriano RN, Filho ALMM, Arcanjo DDR, Sabino JPJ. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition prevents alterations in cardiovascular autonomic control and gastric motility in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2020; 256:117915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Zambrano LI, Pontes RB, Garcia ML, Nishi EE, Nogueira FN, Higa EMS, Cespedes JG, Bergamaschi CT, Campos RR. Pattern of sympathetic vasomotor activity in a model of hypertension induced by nitric oxide synthase blockade. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14183. [PMID: 31325242 PMCID: PMC6642275 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibition by NO synthase inhibitor N‐nitro‐L‐arginine‐methyl ester (L‐NAME) treatment on the sympathetic vasomotor nerve activity (SNA) on two sympathetic vasomotor nerves, the renal and splanchnic. NO plasma level and systemic oxidative stress were assessed. Hypertension was induced by L‐NAME (20 mg/kg per day, by gavage, for seven consecutive days) in male Wistar rats. At the end of the treatment, blood pressure, heart rate, arterial baroreflex sensitivity, renal SNA (rSNA), and splanchnic SNA (sSNA) were assessed in urethane anesthetized rats. L‐NAME‐treated rats presented increased blood pressure (152 ± 2 mmHg, n = 17) compared to the control group (101 ± 2 mmHg, n = 15). Both rSNA (147 ± 10, n = 15 vs. 114 ± 5 Spikes/s, n = 9) and sSNA (137 ± 13, n = 14 vs. 74 ± 13 spikes/s, n = 9) were significantly increased in the L‐NAME‐treated compared to the control group. A differential response on baroreflex sensitivity was found, with a significant reduction for rSNA but not for sSNA arterial baroreceptor sensitivity in L‐NAME‐treated rats. The adjusted regression model revealed that the reduction of systemic NO levels partially explains the variation in sSNA and blood pressure, but not rSNA. Taken together, our data show that hypertension induced by NO synthase blockade is characterized by increased SNA to the rSNA and sSNA. In addition, we found that the rats that had the greatest reduction in NO levels in plasma by L‐NAME were those that developed higher blood pressure levels. The reduction in the NO level partially explains the variations in sSNA but not in rSNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysien I Zambrano
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, School of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Roberto B Pontes
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle L Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika E Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando N Nogueira
- Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa M S Higa
- Nephrology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana G Cespedes
- Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Cassia T Bergamaschi
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy R Campos
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on the antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:847-857. [PMID: 32048541 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1729446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats.Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg per day). Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of losartan were evaluated without and with herbal treatment in hypertensive rats.Treatment of hypertensive rats with investigated herbs substantially reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of rats. Treatment of rats (n = 5) with L-NAME plus H. sabdariffa plus losartan and L-NAME plus Z. officinale plus losartan reduced SBP by 16.20% and 14.88% and DBP by 14.82% and 17.52% respectively after 12 h, as compared to L-NAME alone treated rats. In a pharmacokinetic study, the Cmax and AUC0-t of losartan in L-NAME plus H. sabdariffa plus losartan and L-NAME plus Z. officinale plus losartan treated rats was increased by 0.7, 1.99 and 1.51, 3.00 fold respectively in comparison to the Cmax and AUC0-t obtained for L-NAME plus losartan treated group. In conclusion, both the investigated herbs significantly increased the antihypertensive effect and plasma concentration of losartan in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. The current study predicted that the herb-drug interaction between H. sabdariffa-losartan and Z. officinale-losartan could occur; hence these results in rats may warrant further studies in humans, either in humans or in in vitro human liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Domingos-Souza G, Santos-Almeida FM, Meschiari CA, Ferreira NS, Pereira CA, Martinez D, Dias DPM, Silva LEV, Castania JA, Tostes RC, Fazan R. Electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus lowers arterial pressure and improves heart rate variability in L-NAME hypertensive conscious rats. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1057-1067. [PMID: 32358534 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of long-term (48 h) electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus (CS) in hypertensive rats. L-NAME-treated (10 days) Wistar rats were implanted with a catheter in the femoral artery and a miniaturized electrical stimulator attached to electrodes positioned around the left CS, encompassing the CS nerve. One day after implantation, arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded in conscious animals for 60 min. Square pulses (1 ms, 3 V, 30 Hz) were applied intermittently (20/20 s ON/OFF) to the CS for 48 h. After the end of stimulation, AP was recorded again. Nonstimulated rats (control group) and rats without electrodes around the CS (sham-operated) were also studied. Next, the animals were decapitated, and segments of mesenteric resistance arteries were removed to study vascular function. After the stimulation period, AP was 16 ± 5 mmHg lower in the stimulated group, whereas sham-operated and control rats showed similar AP between the first and second recording periods. Heart rate variability (HRV) evaluated using time and frequency domain tools and a nonlinear approach (symbolic analysis) suggested that hypertensive rats with electrodes around the CS, stimulated or not, exhibited a shift in cardiac sympathovagal balance towards parasympathetic tone. The relaxation response to acetylcholine in endothelium-intact mesenteric arteries was enhanced in rats that underwent CS stimulation for 48 h. In conclusion, long-term CS stimulation is effective in reducing AP levels, improving HRV and increasing mesenteric vascular relaxation in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Moreover, only the presence of electrodes around the CS is effective in eliciting changes in HRV similar to those observed in stimulated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gean Domingos-Souza
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | | | - César Arruda Meschiari
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Health and Sports Science Center, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Nathanne S Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila A Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | | | - Luiz Eduardo Virgílio Silva
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaci Airton Castania
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Fazan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Tata CM, Ndinteh D, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Oyedeji OO, Sewani-Rusike CR. Fractionation and bioassay-guided isolation of antihypertensive components of Senecio serratuloides. COGENT MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2020.1716447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mungho Tata
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University Mthatha 5117 South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Derek Ndinteh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | | | - Opeopluwa Oyehan Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare PBX1314 Alice Eastern Cape Province 5700 South Africa
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Hamounpeima I, Hosseini M, Mohebbati R, Shafei MN. Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ribes khorasanicum on Acute Hypertension Induced by L-NAME in Rat. J Pharmacopuncture 2019; 22:160-165. [PMID: 31673446 PMCID: PMC6820474 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2019.22.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ribes khorasanicum (R. khorasanicum); a plant growing in north Khorasan of Iran; on cardiovascular and stress oxidative in acute hypertension induced by N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), anitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Methods Rats were divided into Control, L-NAME (10 mg/kg), Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) (50 mg/kg) + L-NAME and three treated groups with R. khorasanicum (4, 12 and 24 mg/kg) groups + L-NAME. L-NAME and SNP were injected intravenously and extract intraperitoneal. In R. khorasanicum groups, L-NAME was injected 30 min after injection of the extract. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously using power lab software. At the end of study oxidative stress parameters including of total thiol content (SH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in heart and aorta of all groups were also measured. Results In groups 4 and 24 mg/kg extract +L-NAME, there was a non-significant decrease in SBP and MAP compared to L-NAME group but dose 12 mg/kg significantly attenuate the effect of L-NAME(P < 0.05). In L-NAME group the heart and aorta tissues antioxidant enzymes levels decreased, while in treated rats these enzymes significantly increased. Conclusion The extract of R. khorasanicum in dose 12 mg/kg show anti-hypertensive effect that is mediated by an effect on NO system or antioxidant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Hamounpeima
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tata CM, Sewani-Rusike CR, Oyedeji OO, Gwebu ET, Mahlakata F, Nkeh-Chungag BN. Antihypertensive effects of the hydro-ethanol extract of Senecio serratuloides DC in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:52. [PMID: 30819180 PMCID: PMC6394053 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senecio serratuloides DC is used in folk medicine for treating hypertension, skin disorders, internal and external sores, rashes, burns and wounds. This study aimed at investigating the antihypertensive effects of the hydroethanol extract of S. serratuloides (HESS) in N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertension in rats. METHODS Acute toxicity of HESS was first determined to provide guidance on doses to be used in this study. Lorke's method was used to determine safety of the extract in mice. Female Wistar rats were treated orally once daily with L-NAME (40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and then concomitantly with L-NAME (20 mg/kg) and plant extract (150 and 300 mg/kg), captopril (20 mg/kg) or saline as per assigned group for 2 weeks followed by a 2-week period of assigned treatments only. Blood pressure was monitored weekly. Lipid profile, nitric oxide, renin and angiotensin II concentrations were determined in serum while mineralocorticoid receptor concentration was quantified in the kidney homogenate. Nitric oxide (NO) concentration was determined in serum and cardiac histology performed. RESULTS HESS was found to be non-toxic, having a LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. Blood pressure increased progressively in all animals from the second week of L-NAME treatment. HESS treatment significantly and dose-dependently lowered systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.01) and triglycerides (p < 0.01). It significantly prevented L-NAME induced decrease in serum angiotensin II (p < 0.01), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001) and serum nitric oxide concentrations (p < 0.001). HESS also significantly (p < 0.01) prevented collagen deposition in cardiac tissue. CONCLUSION The hydro-ethanol extract of Senecio serratuloides showed antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects in rats thus confirming its usefulness in traditional antihypertensive therapy and potential for antihypertensive drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mungho Tata
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, 5117 South Africa
| | | | - Opeoluwa Oyehan Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PBX1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province 5700 South Africa
| | - Ephraim Tobela Gwebu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rusangu University, Monze, Zambia
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El‐Tahawy NFG, Abdel Hafez SMN, Ramzy MM, Zenhom NM, Abdel‐Hamid HA. Effect of experimentally induced hypertension on cerebellum of postmenopausal rat. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12941-12955. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maggie M Ramzy
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Nagwa M. Zenhom
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Minia University Minia Egypt
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Özakca I, Özçelikay AT. Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase modulates calcium handling in rat heart 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:313-319. [PMID: 30388373 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic infusion of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors increases peripheral vascular resistance due to inhibition of endothelial NOS leading to the activation of the arterial baroreceptor mechanisms and inhibition of central sympathetic outflow. In the current study, we explored that systemic NOS blockage activates protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated signaling pathway through maintained cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activation. Rats were treated with 3 different concentrations of N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 14 days. Systemic L-NAME treatment induced a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure and increased mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and phosphorylation levels of p44/42 MAPK without any change in cardiac mass. The cardiac cGMP levels and PKG-mediated phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) (Ser239) did not alter in any group. At the highest dose of treatment (100 mg/kg per day), PKA-mediated phosphorylations of VASP (Ser157) and troponin I (TnI) (Ser23/24) were enhanced significantly indicating the increase in PKA activation in response to chronic NOS blockage. Alterations in both phosphorylated phospholamban (Ser16/Thr17) and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) levels can increase cytosolic Ca2+ load and impair Ca2+ handling. Our data suggest that the increased PKA activation in response to chronic NOS blockage appears to be responsible for cardiac abnormalities that occur due to prolonged L-NAME treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Özakca
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Tanju Özçelikay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Olabiyi AA, Carvalho FB, Bottari NB, Lopes TF, da Costa P, Stefanelo N, Morsch VM, Akindahunsi AA, Oboh G, Schetinger MR. Dietary supplementation of tiger nut alters biochemical parameters relevant to erectile function in l -NAME treated rats. Food Res Int 2018; 109:358-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Olabiyi AA, Carvalho FB, Bottari NB, Morsch VM, Morel AF, Oboh G, Schetinger MR. Tiger nut and walnut extracts modulate extracellular metabolism of ATP and adenosine through the NOS/cGMP/PKG signalling pathway in kidney slices. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 43:140-149. [PMID: 29747747 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) and walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum Müll. Arg.) have been reportedly used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, prevent heart attack and improve blood circulation, reduce serum cholesterol level as well as inhibit oxidation reactions. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of tiger nut and walnut hydro-alcoholic extracts on extracellular metabolism of ATP through the NOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) in kidney slices. METHODS The plants were extracted for 24 h in 10 ml of 70% ethanol and 30% distilled water per gram milled material on a mechanical shaker and filtered using Whatman filter paper. The effect of the extracts on ecto-nucleotidases (NTPDase and 5' nucleotidase) and adenosine deaminase activities, nitrites and nitrates levels (NO, markers of NO production) as well as lipid and protein oxidation reactions in kidney slices were evaluated. Also, the phenolic components of the nut samples were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The results revealed a protective effect of tiger nut and walnut on co-incubation with L-NAME of the enzyme activities, increased NO significantly (P < 0.05) when compared to the vehicle. L-NAME also increased the thiobabituric reactive substances but co-incubation with the extracts caused a significant reduction while protein oxidation across groups showed no significant difference when compared to the vehicle group. HPLC finger printing revealed the presence of quercetin and kaempferol as the most abundant phenolic compounds in tiger nut and walnut respectively. CONCLUSION Tiger nut and walnut extracts showed a protective effect on L-NAME induced kidney slices by reducing the activities of NTPDase (ATP as substrate) and adenosine deaminase, increased NO levels as well as prevent oxidative damage. The effect observed may be attributed to the phenolic compounds present in both nuts as depicted by HPLC finger printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji A Olabiyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5454, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ademir F Morel
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria.
| | - Maria Rosa Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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Majzúnová M, Pakanová Z, Kvasnička P, Bališ P, Čačányiová S, Dovinová I. Age-dependent redox status in the brain stem of NO-deficient hypertensive rats. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:72. [PMID: 28893245 PMCID: PMC5594586 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain stem contains important nuclei that control cardiovascular function via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which is strongly influenced by nitric oxide. Its biological activity is also largely determined by oxygen free radicals. Despite many experimental studies, the role of AT1R-NAD(P)H oxidase-superoxide pathway in NO-deficiency is not yet sufficiently clarified. We determined changes in free radical signaling and antioxidant and detoxification response in the brain stem of young and adult Wistar rats during chronic administration of exogenous NO inhibitors. METHODS Young (4 weeks) and adult (10 weeks) Wistar rats were treated with 7-nitroindazole (7-NI group, 10 mg/kg/day), a specific nNOS inhibitor, with NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME group, 50 mg/kg/day), a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, and with drinking water (Control group) during 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured by non-invasive plethysmography. Expression of genes (AT1R, AT2R, p22phox, SOD and NOS isoforms, HO-1, MDR1a, housekeeper GAPDH) was identified by real-time PCR. NOS activity was detected by conversion of [3H]-L-arginine to [3H]-L-citrulline and SOD activity was measured using UV VIS spectroscopy. RESULTS We observed a blood pressure elevation and decrease in NOS activity only after L-NAME application in both age groups. Gene expression of nNOS (youngs) and eNOS (adults) in the brain stem decreased after both inhibitors. The radical signaling pathway triggered by AT1R and p22phox was elevated in L-NAME adults, but not in young rats. Moreover, L-NAME-induced NOS inhibition increased antioxidant response, as indicated by the observed elevation of mRNA SOD3, HO-1, AT2R and MDR1a in adult rats. 7-NI did not have a significant effect on AT1R-NADPH oxidase-superoxide pathway, yet it affected antioxidant response of mRNA expression of SOD1 and stimulated total activity of SOD in young rats and mRNA expression of AT2R in adult rats. CONCLUSION Our results show that chronic NOS inhibition by two different NOS inhibitors has age-dependent effect on radical signaling and antioxidant/detoxificant response in Wistar rats. While 7-NI had neuroprotective effect in the brain stem of young Wistar rats, L-NAME- induced NOS inhibition evoked activation of AT1R-NAD(P)H oxidase pathway in adult Wistar rats. Triggering of the radical pathway was followed by activation of protective compensation mechanism at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Majzúnová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Pakanová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kvasnička
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Bališ
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Čačányiová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ima Dovinová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Total renal denervation reduces sympathoexcitation to different target organs in a model of chronic kidney disease. Auton Neurosci 2017; 204:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Roland L, Bonaventure A, Razack O, Fernand G, Joachim G, Anatole L. Effects of Gmelina arborea, Roxb (Verbenaceae) aqueous extract on arterial pressure of Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/jpap2015.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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CHASWAL M, DAS S, PRASAD J, KATYAL A, FAHIM M. Chemical Sympathectomy Restores Baroreceptor-Heart Rate Reflex and Heart Rate Variability in Rats With Chronic Nitric Oxide Deficiency. Physiol Res 2015; 64:459-66. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role not only in regulation of blood pressure but also in maintenance of cardiac autonomic tone and its deficiency induced hypertension is accompanied by cardiac autonomic dysfunction. However, underlying mechanisms are not clearly defined. We hypothesized that sympathetic activation mediates hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic changes consequent to deficient NO synthesis. We used chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine to examine the influence of sympathetic innervation on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV) of chronic NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated adult Wistar rats. BRS was determined from heart rate responses to changes in systolic arterial pressure achieved by intravenous administration of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. Time and frequency domain measures of HRV were calculated from 5-min electrocardiogram recordings. Chronic L-NAME administration (50 mg/kg per day for 7 days orally through gavage) in control rats produced significant elevation of blood pressure, tachycardia, attenuation of BRS for bradycardia and tachycardia reflex and fall in time as well as frequency domain parameters of HRV. Sympathectomy completely abolished the pressor as well as tachycardic effect of chronic L-NAME. In addition, BRS and HRV improved after removal of sympathetic influence in chronic L-NAME treated rats. These results support the concept that an exaggerated sympathetic activity is the principal mechanism of chronic L NAME hypertension and associated autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. FAHIM
- Department of Physiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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26
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Salman IM, Sarma Kandukuri D, Harrison JL, Hildreth CM, Phillips JK. Direct conscious telemetry recordings demonstrate increased renal sympathetic nerve activity in rats with chronic kidney disease. Front Physiol 2015; 6:218. [PMID: 26300784 PMCID: PMC4523722 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with sympathetic hyperactivity and impaired blood pressure control reflex responses, yet direct evidence demonstrating these features of autonomic dysfunction in conscious animals is still lacking. Here we measured renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) using telemetry-based recordings in a rat model of CKD, the Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK) rat, and assessed responses to chemoreflex activation and acute stress. Male LPK and Lewis control animals (total n = 16) were instrumented for telemetric recording of RSNA and MAP. At 12–13 weeks-of-age, resting RSNA and MAP, sympathetic and haemodynamic responses to both peripheral (hypoxia: 10% O2) and central chemoreflex (hypercapnia: 7% CO2) activation and acute stress (open-field exposure), were measured. As indicators of renal function, urinary protein (UPro) and creatinine (UCr) levels were assessed. LPK rats had higher resting RSNA (1.2 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 μV, p < 0.05) and MAP (151 ± 8 vs. 97 ± 2 mmHg, p < 0.05) compared to Lewis. MAP was negatively correlated with UCr (r = −0.80, p = 0.002) and positively correlated with RSNA (r = 0.66, p = 0.014), with multiple linear regression modeling indicating the strongest correlation was with Ucr. RSNA and MAP responses to activation of the central chemoreflex and open-field stress were reduced in the LPK relative to the Lewis (all p < 0.05). This is the first description of dual conscious telemetry recording of RSNA and MAP in a genetic rodent model of CKD. Elevated RSNA is likely a key contributor to the marked hypertension in this model, while attenuated RSNA and MAP responses to central chemoreflex activation and acute stress in the LPK indicate possible deficits in the neural processing of autonomic outflows evoked by these sympathoexcitatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Salman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Divya Sarma Kandukuri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne L Harrison
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Cara M Hildreth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline K Phillips
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ameer OZ, Hildreth CM, Phillips JK. Sympathetic overactivity prevails over the vascular amplifier phenomena in a chronic kidney disease rat model of hypertension. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/11/e12205. [PMID: 25413325 PMCID: PMC4255812 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) accounts for enhanced depressor responses to ganglionic blockade in the Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK) model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or whether it reflects increased vascular responses to vasodilation (vascular amplifier). Under urethane anesthesia, depressor responses to ganglionic blockade (hexamethonium, 0.5–40 mg/kg i.v.), and direct vasodilation (sodium nitroprusside [SNP], 2.5–40 μg/kg i.v. and adenosine, 3–300 μg/kg i.v.) were compared in the LPK with normotensive Lewis and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (total n = 37). Hexamethonium (8 mg/kg) produced a greater depressor response in the LPK (−51 ± 3 mmHg) compared with Lewis (−31 ± 3 mmHg, P <0.05) but not SHR (−46 ± 3 mmHg). In LPK, the ratio of the hexamethonium/vasodilator MAP responses was greater when compared with Lewis (hexamethonium/SNP 1.34 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.09 and hexamethonium/adenosine: 2.28 ± 0.3 vs. 1.16 ± 0.1, both P <0.05) but not SHR. Results for systolic blood pressure (SBP) were comparable. The slope of the relationship between the fall in SBP induced by hexamethonium and normalized low frequency (LFnu) power was also greater in the LPK (17.93 ± 3.26 mmHg/LFnu) compared with Lewis (2.78 ± 0.59 mmHg/LFnu, P =0.001) and SHR (3.36 ±0.72 mmHg/LFnu, P =0.003). These results indicate that in the LPK, sympathetic activity predominates over any vascular amplifier effect, supporting increased sympathetic vasomotor tone as a major contributor to hypertension in this model of CKD. We investigated whether enhanced depressor responses to the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium is due to sympathetic overactivity or exaggerated vascular responses to vasodilation (vascular amplifier) in the Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK) rodent model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to Lewis and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The main finding of our study is that sympathetic overactivity predominates over vascular amplification in response to ganglionic blockade in the LPK, indicating that increased sympathetic vasomotor tone is a major contributor to the hypertension in this model of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Z Ameer
- The Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cara M Hildreth
- The Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline K Phillips
- The Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Goessler KF, Martins-Pinge MC, da Cunha NV, Karlen-Amarante M, de Andrade FG, Polito MD. Direct renin inhibitor therapy and swimming training: hemodynamic and cardiac effects in hypertensive and normotensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 37:345-52. [PMID: 25347778 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2014.972562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the hemodynamic and cardiac effects of direct renin inhibitor (DRI) treatment and swimming training in hypertensive rats. METHODS Seventy-seven rats were divide into eight groups: sedentary normotensive (SN), trained normotensive (TN), sedentary normotensive treated with DRI (SN_DRI), trained normotensive treated with DRI (TN_DRI), sedentary hypertensive (SH), trained hypertensive (TH), sedentary hypertensive treated with DRI (SH_DRI), trained hypertensive treated with DRI (TH_DRI). Swimming training occurred for up to 60 min, five times a week for four weeks. The hypertensive animals were treated with 20 mg ċ kg(-1) ċ day(-1) L-NAME for four weeks. Groups treated with DRI received 10 mg ċ kg(-1) ċ day(-1) of aliskiren for four weeks. After the treatment period, all the animals underwent femoral artery catheterization surgery for direct measurement of cardiovascular variables. RESULTS The SH group presented hypertension (136.4 ± 5.0 mmHg) compared to the SN (107.1 ± 1.7 mmHg). The TH group showed lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) than the SH (121.1 ± 1.3 mmHg), but the treatment with DRI did not attenuate hypertension (128.2 ± 4.9 mmHg). The analysis of collagen areas demonstrated that treatment with DRI may attenuate cardiac remodeling in situations of hypertension, in the condition of treatment alone or combined with physical training. CONCLUSION Both interventions in combination may be more effective at reducing cardiovascular risk in hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Fabiana Goessler
- Department of Physical Education, Physical Education and Sports Center, State University of Londrina , Londrina-PR , Brazil
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Bocalini DS, Beutel A, Bergamaschi CT, Tucci PJ, Campos RR. Treadmill exercise training prevents myocardial mechanical dysfunction induced by androgenic-anabolic steroid treatment in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87106. [PMID: 24533053 PMCID: PMC3922753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of testosterone and its synthetic analogs may induce changes in cardiovascular function. However, the effects of the combination of anabolic/androgenic steroid (AAS) treatment and exercise training on systolic and diastolic cardiac function are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose steroid treatment (stanozolol) on cardiac contractile parameters when this steroid treatment was combined with exercise training in rats and the effects of chronic steroid treatment on the Frank-Starling (length-tension curves) relationship. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: U (untrained), US (untrained and treated with stanozolol 5 mg/kg/week), T (trained, 16 m/min/1 h) and TS (trained and treated with stanozolol 5 mg/kg/week). Continuous exercise training was conducted 5 days/week for 8 consecutive weeks. The speed of the treadmill was gradually increased to a final setting of 16 m/min/1 h. Experiments were divided into two independent series: 1) central hemodynamic analysis for mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) measurements and 2) isolated papillary muscle preparation in Krebs solution. Stanozolol treatment significantly increased the MAP and the heart size in untrained and trained rats (U 113±2; T 106±2; US 138±8 and TS 130±7 mmHg). Furthermore, stanozolol significantly decreased developed tension and dT/dt (maximal and minimal) in U rats. However, the developed tension was completely restored by training. The Frank/Starling relationship was impaired in rats treated with stanozolol; however, again, training completely restored diastolic function. Taken together, the present data suggest that AAS treatment is able to decrease cardiac performance (systolic and diastolic functions). The combination of stanozolol and physical training improved cardiac performance, including diastolic and systolic functions, independent of changes in central hemodynamic parameters. Therefore, changes in ventricular myocyte calcium transients may play a cardioprotective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo S. Bocalini
- Department of Post Graduation in Physical Education, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abram Beutel
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cássia T. Bergamaschi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J. Tucci
- Department of Medicine. Cardiology division - Federal University of São Paulo – São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy R. Campos
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Arginine NO-dependent and NO-independent effects on hemodynamics. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 729:138-43. [PMID: 24530418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
L-arginine administration decreases mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), presumably by excess nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. However, some reports indicate that d-arginine, not a substrate of NO synthase (NOS), also induces hypotension. To clarify this phenomenon, the hemodynamic effects of L- and D-arginine and their modification by NOS inhibition with L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were assessed. MABP, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate and systemic vascular resistance were recorded in Sprague-Dawley rats under urethane or ketamine/diazepam anesthesia, with or without blockade of NO synthesis by L-NAME. Both stereoisomers of arginine induced a dose-related drop in MABP of similar magnitude and time course, but recovery from hypotension was slower in L-arginine than in D-arginine. The hypotension induced by both stereoisomers was due to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) with increase in cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV). Administration of L-NAME induced a pronounced increase in MABP and SVR, with decreases in CO and heart rate (HR). Infusion of L-arginine after L-NAME significantly decreased MABP and SVR at the highest dose while d-arginine failed to do so. After L-NAME, MABP was significantly lower under l-arginine than under d-arginine at all doses. These experiments suggest a dual mechanism in the hypotensive effect of L-arginine: a NO independent action on vascular resistance shared with D-arginine, and a NO dependent mechanism that becomes evident in the presence of NOS inhibition with L-NAME. Cardiac effects of NO do not appear to play a role in L-arginine hypotension.
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Bertera FM, Del Mauro JS, Lovera V, Chiappetta D, Polizio AH, Taira CA, Höcht C. Enantioselective pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of nebivolol in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2013; 37:194-201. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Biwer LA, Broderick TL, Xu H, Carroll C, Hale TM. Protection against L-NAME-induced reduction in cardiac output persists even after cessation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:156-65. [PMID: 22834875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM We have demonstrated that short-term angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats produces cardiac changes that persist following cessation of treatment that result in a reduced inflammatory, proliferative and fibrotic response to the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(ω) -Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The present study examines whether prior ACE inhibition with enalapril also protects against L-NAME-induced cardiac dysfunction. METHODS Rats were treated with enalapril (Enal + L) or tap water (Con, Con + L) for 2 weeks followed by a 2-week washout period. At this point, Con + L and Enal + L rats were treated with L-NAME for 10 days. Hearts were perfused in the working mode, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was assessed via radiotelemetry, and myocardial injury was evaluated in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. RESULTS L-NAME increased MAP by a similar magnitude in Con + L and Enal + L. L-NAME-induced statistically significant decreases in flow-mediated functional parameters in Con + L rats including cardiac output, stroke volume and coronary flow. This was prevented by prior enalapril treatment. Prior enalapril did not prevent L-NAME-induced myocardial injury, but may have lessened the degree of it. Regardless of treatment, changes in cardiac function did not correlate with myocardial injury. CONCLUSION Despite equivalent impact on MAP and incidence of myocardial infarction, prior enalapril treatment resulted in the preservation of cardiac function following L-NAME. Understanding the mechanisms by which transient ACE inhibition protects against reductions in cardiac function in the absence of ongoing treatment may reveal novel targets for heart failure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Biwer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Arizona, College of Medicine - Phoenix; Phoenix; AZ; USA
| | - T. L. Broderick
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism; Midwestern University; Glendale; AZ; USA
| | - H. Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Rochester; NY; USA
| | - C. Carroll
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism; Midwestern University; Glendale; AZ; USA
| | - T. M. Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Arizona, College of Medicine - Phoenix; Phoenix; AZ; USA
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Chaswal M, Das S, Prasad J, Katyal A, Mishra AK, Fahim M. Effect of losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist on cardiac autonomic functions of rats during acute and chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Physiol Res 2012; 61:135-44. [PMID: 22292721 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of losartan on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV) of adult Wistar rats during acute and chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Chronic L-NAME administration (50 mg/kg per day for 7 days, orally through gavage) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate but significantly decreased BRS. In addition, a significant fall of standard deviation of normal RR intervals, total spectral power, high frequency spectral power and a rise of low frequency to high frequency (LF: HF) ratio was seen. Acute L-NAME administration (30 mg/kg, i.v. bolus dose) also raised MAP and impaired HRV but it was associated with augmented BRS for bradycardia reflex. Losartan treatment (10 mg/kg, i.v.) in both acute and chronic L-NAME treated rats, decreased MAP but the difference was not significant. On the other hand, losartan administration normalized depressed BRS for bradycardia reflex and significantly reduced LF to HF ratio in chronic L-NAME treated rats. But this improvement was not observed in acute L-NAME group. These results indicate importance of mechanisms other than renin-angiotensin system in the pressor response of both acute as well as chronic L-NAME. However, autonomic dysregulation especially following chronic L-NAME appears to be partly angiotensin dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chaswal
- Department of Physiology, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of disability or death due to stroke, heart attack and kidney failure. Because the etiology of essential hypertension is not known and may be multifactorial, the use of experimental animal models has provided valuable information regarding many aspects of the disease, which include etiology, pathophysiology, complications and treatment. The models of hypertension are various, and in this review, we provide a brief overview of the most widely used animal models, their features and their importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska C Dornas
- Research in Biological Sciences-NUPEB, School of Nutrition, Ouro Preto University, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hypotensive effect of the water extract of the leaves of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum. J Nat Med 2011; 65:551-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Di Verniero CA, Bertera F, Buontempo F, Bernabeu E, Chiappetta D, Mayer MA, Bramuglia GF, Taira CA, Höcht C. Enantioselective pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling of carvedilol in aNG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester rat model of secondary hypertension. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:890-900. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.07.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Dos Santos FM, Martins Dias DP, da Silva CAA, Fazan R, Salgado HC. Sympathetic activity is not increased in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 298:R89-95. [PMID: 19889865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00449.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role played by the sympathetic drive in the development of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)-induced hypertension is not firmly established. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in conscious rats in which hypertension was induced by treatment with l-NAME over the course of either 2 or 14 days. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via a catheter placed in the femoral artery, drugs were administered via a cannula placed in the femoral vein, and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was monitored using an implanted electrode. Despite the remarkable increase in arterial pressure, heart rate did not change after treatment with l-NAME. RSNA was similar in l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats treated over the course of 2 or 14 days, as well as in normotensive rats. It was also demonstrated that l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats displayed a resetting of the baroreflex control of RSNA to hypertensive levels, with decreased sensitivity over the course of 2 or 14 days. Furthermore, the sympathetic-vagal balance examined in the time and frequency domain and the renal and plasma norepinephrine content did not differ between groups. In conclusion, the evaluation of the sympathetic drive in conscious rats demonstrated that the arterial hypertension induced by l-NAME treatment over the course of 2 and 14 days does not show sympathetic overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Machado Dos Santos
- Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Univ. of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
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Moreira TS, Takakura AC, Colombari E, Menani JV. Antihypertensive effects of central ablations in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 296:R1797-806. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90730.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (commNTS) lesions transitorily (first 5 days) reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and lesions of the tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V region) chronically reduce MAP in other models of hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the effects of combined AV3V+commNTS electrolytic lesions on MAP and heart rate (HR) in conscious SHR. Baseline MAP and HR were recorded in male SHR before and for the next 40 days after sham or AV3V lesions combined with sham or commNTS lesions. The AV3V lesions produced no change in MAP in SHR, while commNTS lesions reduced MAP acutely (121 ± 2 to 127 ± 3 mmHg in the 1st and 5th days, respectively, vs. prelesion: 192 ± 4 mmHg) but not chronically (from 10 to 40 days). However, combined AV3V+commNTS lesions reduced MAP of SHR chronically (119 ± 2 to 161 ± 4 mmHg, in the 1st and 40th day, respectively, vs. prelesion levels: 186 ± 4 mmHg) or sham-lesioned SHR (187 ± 4 to 191 ± 6 mmHg). Sympathetic and angiotensinergic blockade produced less reduction in MAP in SHR with AV3V+commNTS-lesions, and there was no relationship between changes on water and food intake, body weight, or urinary excretion produced by AV3V+commNTS lesions with the changes in MAP. The present findings suggest that in the absence of the commNTS, the AV3V region contributes to the hypertension observed in SHR by mechanisms that appear to involve enhanced angiotensinergic and sympathetic activity.
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Bertera FM, Di Verniero CA, Mayer MA, Bramuglia GF, Taira CA, Höcht C. Is urethane-chloralose anaesthesia appropriate for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment? Studies with carvedilol. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2008; 59:13-20. [PMID: 18973819 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the work was to establish the impact of urethane-chloralose anaesthesia on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) properties of carvedilol in control rats and L-NAME hypertensive animals. METHODS Male Wistar Rats were randomly divided into: control (n=12) with tap water to drink and L-NAME rats (n=12) with L-NAME solution (40 mg/kg/day) to drink for 2 weeks. Effects of carvedilol (1 mg kg(-1), i.v.) on blood pressure and heart rate were recorded during 3 h in conscious and urethane (500 mg kg(-1), i.p.) - chloralose (50 mg kg(-1), i.p.) anaesthetized rats. Carvedilol plasma pharmacokinetics was studied by means of traditional blood sampling. PK-PD modeling of carvedilol was made by means of an effect compartment model. RESULTS Neither urethane-chloralose nor L-NAME modified estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters of carvedilol. Although urethane-chloralose did not modify potency of carvedilol comparing with awake animals in control and hypertensive group, maximal negative chronotropic response was significantly greater in anaesthetized L-NAME rats in comparison to awake animals. Conversely, anaesthesia did not modify maximal chronotropic response to carvedilol in control rats. Whilst no differences were found in the estimated potency of carvedilol hypotensive response comparing control and L-NAME rats in both awake and anaesthetized conditions, maximal hypotensive effect of carvedilol was significantly greater in anaesthetized control and L-NAME animals in comparison to conscious rats. L-NAME rats showed a greater maximal hypotensive response comparing to control group. DISCUSSION Urethane-chloralose anaesthesia is an acceptable experimental condition for the evaluation of PK-PD properties of carvedilol, considering that it does not affect the potency of carvedilol for its chronotropic and hypotensive effect. Conclusions obtained from urethane-chloralose anaesthetized animals, regarding the impact of l-NAME treatment on PK-PD properties of carvedilol, did not differ from those obtained from conscious animals. Anaesthesia did not modify pharmacokinetic behaviour of carvedilol in both normotensive and L-NAME hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Martín Bertera
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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