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Song X, Shen L, Contreras JM, Liu Z, Ma K, Ma B, Liu X, Wang DO. New potential selective estrogen receptor modulators in traditional Chinese medicine for treating menopausal syndrome. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39120263 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Women go through several predictable conditions and symptoms during menopause that are caused by age, changes in sex hormone levels, and other factors. Conventional menopause hormone therapy has raised serious concerns about the increased risks of cancers, blood clots, depression, etc. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) that can be both agonists and antagonists of estrogen receptors in a tissue-specific manner are being developed to reduce the health concerns associated with menopause hormone therapy. Here, we have searched the Chinese national traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) patent database to identify potential SERM-like compounds with reduced health risks. TCM has been widely used for treating complex symptoms associated with menopause syndrome and thus can be a particularly rich source for pharmaceutical alternatives with SERM properties. After extensive literature review and molecular simulation, we conclude that protopanaxatriol, paeoniflorin, astragalin, catalpol, and hyperoside among others may be particularly promising as SERM-like compounds in treating the menopausal syndrome. Compounds in TCM hold promise in yielding comparable outcomes to hormone therapy but with reduced associated risks, thus presenting promising avenues for their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Song
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lan Shen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Biao Ma
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Eissa MA, Gohar EY. Aromatase enzyme: Paving the way for exploring aromatization for cardio-renal protection. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115832. [PMID: 37931519 PMCID: PMC10843764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Documented male-female differences in the risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases have been largely attributed to estrogens. The cardiovascular and renal protective effects of estrogens are mediated via the activation of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, and involve interactions with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Aromatase, also called estrogen synthase, is a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that plays a pivotal role in the conversion of androgens into estrogens. Estrogens are biosynthesized in gonadal and extra-gonadal sites by the action of aromatase. Evidence suggests that aromatase inhibitors, which are used to treat high estrogen-related pathologies, are associated with the development of cardiovascular events. We review the potential role of aromatization in providing cardio-renal protection and highlight several meta-analysis studies on cardiovascular events associated with aromatase inhibitors. Overall, we present the potential of aromatase enzyme as a fundamental contributor to cardio-renal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Eissa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University, New Sohag, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Eman Y Gohar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
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Davezac M, Meneur C, Buscato M, Zahreddine R, Arnal JF, Dalenc F, Lenfant F, Fontaine C. The beneficial effects of tamoxifen on arteries: a key player for cardiovascular health of breast cancer patient. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115677. [PMID: 37419371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Over the past few decades, advances in cancer detection and treatment have significantly improved survival rate of breast cancer patients. However, due to the cardiovascular toxicity of cancer treatments (chemotherapy, anti-HER2 antibodies and radiotherapy), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have become an increasingly important cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in breast cancer survivors. Endocrine therapies are prescribed to reduce the risk of recurrence and specific death in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) early breast cancer patients, but their impact on CVD is a matter of debate. Whereas aromatase inhibitors and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs inhibit estrogen synthesis, tamoxifen acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), opposing estrogen action in the breast but mimicking their actions in other tissues, including arteries. This review aims to summarize the main clinical and experimental studies reporting the effects of tamoxifen on CVD. In addition, we will discuss how recent findings on the mechanisms of action of these therapies may contribute to a better understanding and anticipation of CVD risk in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Davezac
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Cecile Meneur
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France; PhysioStim, 10 rue Henri Regnault, 81100, Castres, France
| | - Melissa Buscato
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Rana Zahreddine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France; CREFRE-Anexplo, Service de Microchirurgie Experimentale, UMS006, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, UT3, ENVT, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Dalenc
- Department of Medical Oncology, Claudius Regaud Institute, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
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Escutia-Reyes D, de Jesús Garduño-García J, Emilio-López-Chávez G, Gómez-Villanueva Á, Pliego-Carrillo AC, Soto-Piña AE, Reyes-Lagos JJ. Differences in heart rate variability and body composition in breast cancer survivors and women without cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14460. [PMID: 34262078 PMCID: PMC8280116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore cardiac autonomic changes assessed by linear and nonlinear indexes of heart rate variability (HRV) and body composition modifications in breast cancer survivors and cancer-free control women. Women who were breast cancer survivors (BCS, n = 27) and without cancer with similar characteristics (Control, n = 31) were recruited for this study. We calculated some relevant linear and nonlinear parameters of 5 min of RR interval time series such as mean RR interval (RRave), the corrected Poincaré index (cSD1/SD2), the sample entropy (SampEn), the long-term fractal scaling exponent (α2) and 2UV from symbolic dynamics. Additionally, we indirectly assessed body composition measures such as body weight, fat mass, visceral fat rating (VFR), normalized VRF (nVFR), muscle mass, metabolic age, and total body water. We found that diverse HRV indexes and only one body composition measure showed statistical differences (p < 0.05) between the BCS and Control groups. RRave: 729 (648-802) vs. 795 (713-852) ms; cSD2/SD1: 3.4 (2.7-5.0) vs. 2.9 (2.3-3.5); SampEn: 1.5 (1.3-1.8) vs. 1.7 (1.5-1.8); α2: 0.6 (0.3-0.6) vs. 0.5 (0.4-0.5); 2UV: 7.1 (4.3-11.5) vs. 10.8 (6.4-15.7) and nVFR 0.12 (0.11-0.13) vs. 0.10 (0.08-0.12) points/kg, respectively. The nVFR was strongly significantly correlated with several indexes of HRV only in the BCS group.Our findings suggest that BCS exhibit lower parasympathetic cardiac activity and changes in HRV patterns compared to Controls. A concomitant increase of visceral fat, among other factors, may contribute to cardiac autonomic disturbances and changes in HRV patterns in BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escutia-Reyes
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Mexico State (UAEMéx), State of Mexico, 50180, Toluca, Mexico
| | - José de Jesús Garduño-García
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Mexico State (UAEMéx), State of Mexico, 50180, Toluca, Mexico
- Regional General Hospital No. 251, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), State of Mexico, 52148, Metepec, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Emilio-López-Chávez
- Regional General Hospital No. 251, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), State of Mexico, 52148, Metepec, Mexico
| | - Ángel Gómez-Villanueva
- Regional General Hospital No. 251, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), State of Mexico, 52148, Metepec, Mexico
| | | | - Alexandra Estela Soto-Piña
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Mexico State (UAEMéx), State of Mexico, 50180, Toluca, Mexico
| | - José Javier Reyes-Lagos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Mexico State (UAEMéx), State of Mexico, 50180, Toluca, Mexico.
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Bahtiar A, Setyowati HT, Mahanani RR, Wati A, Arsianti A, Fadilah F. Rhaponticin contained Rheum officinale root extract improved Postmenopause symptom of Ovariectomized Rat. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:175-179. [PMID: 34159150 PMCID: PMC8177149 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_324_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women have decreased levels of the hormone estrogen. Reduced estrogen levels will often involve many symptoms that reduced quality of life. This research aims to analyze the effects of Rheum officinale root extract on postmenopausal model rats. To this end, thirty rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX) surgery and six rats were operated without having their ovaries removed. The OVX was confirmed by body weight–uterus weight ratio and a vaginal swab. Six groups of the rats were performed: SHAM group and negative control groups are given vehicle; the positive control was assigned tamoxifen; and the extract has been given three doses 7, 35, and 175 mg/200 g BW, respectively, for 30 days. The calcium content of bone ash was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Blood pressure was evaluated using CODA®, and the metabolites in the blood were assessed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography. As a result, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS, we found that the extract's major component was rhaponticin and its metabolites. The bone calcium levels increased with increasing doses of the extract. In the OVX group, the bone calcium content was decreased significantly 51.56% ± 8.9% g compared with the SHAM group 62.97% ±5.6% g, and the administration of Rheum extract could restore the calcium content of the bone to become 69.27% ± 3.8% g. From the above data, we concluded that Rheum root extracts contain astrigin, rhaponticin, rhapontigenin, and desoxyrhaponticin. Rheum root extract could improve calcium content and lipid profiles of OVX rats by stimulation osteoblastogenesis. Rheum root extracts could control the blood pressure of OVX rats by reducing lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bahtiar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Herlina Tri Setyowati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Rela Mahanani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Azizah Wati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ade Arsianti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Jl Salemba Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fadilah Fadilah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Jl Salemba Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Azizian H, Khaksari M, Asadikaram G, Sepehri G, Najafipour H. Therapeutic effects of tamoxifen on metabolic parameters and cytokines modulation in rat model of postmenopausal diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction: Role of classic estrogen receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:190-198. [PMID: 30316077 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In postmenopausal women, the risk of diabetic cardiovascular disease drastically increases compared with that of premenopausal women. In the present study we surveyed the effects of Tamoxifen (TAM) and 17-β-estradiol (E2) on diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction. Female wistar rats were divided into six groups: sham-control, Diabetes, Ovariectomized (OVX) + Diabetes, OVX + Diabetes + Vehicle, OVX + Diabetes + E2, OVX + Diabetes + TAM. Type 2 diabetes was induced by High Fat Diet and low doses of STZ. E2 and TAM were administrated every four days for four weeks. Results show that, TAM or E2 reduces cardiac weight, atherogenic and cardiac risk indices. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) increased in diabetes group, while TAM and E2 prevented MABP increment. Also, fasting blood glucose was decreased by TAM and E2. Significant decrement in the level of IL-10 was observed in diabetes group and this effect was abolished by TAM and E2. Also, treatment with TAM and E2 resulted in improved inflammatory balance in favor of anti-inflammation. Although diabetes resulted in, increment of TC and LDL, TAM and E2 reduced lipids profile. Furthermore, treatment with TAM prevented the reduction of estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β protein levels, but its effect on the ERβ protein level was higher. Our results indicated that TAM protects against diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction and is a good candidate for E2 substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Azizian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research, and Physiology Research Centers, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Biochemistry, and Metabolism & Endocrinology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Univerity of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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7
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Peixoto P, Aires RD, Lemos VS, Bissoli NS, Santos RLD. GPER agonist dilates mesenteric arteries via PI3K-Akt-eNOS and potassium channels in both sexes. Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Claudio ERG, Almeida SA, Mengal V, Brasil GA, Santuzzi CH, Tiradentes RV, Gouvea SA, Bissoli NS, Santos RL, Abreu GR. Swimming training prevents coronary endothelial dysfunction in ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5495. [PMID: 28099583 PMCID: PMC5264533 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency and hypertension are considered major risk factors for the
development of coronary heart disease. On the other hand, exercise training is
considered an effective form to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. However,
the effects of swimming training (SW) on coronary vascular reactivity in female
ovariectomized hypertensive rats are not known. We aimed to evaluate the effects of
SW on endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation in ovariectomized hypertensive
rats. Three-month old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n=50) were divided into
four groups: sham (SH), sham plus swimming training (SSW), ovariectomized (OVX), and
ovariectomized plus swimming training (OSW). The SW protocol (5 times/week, 60
min/day) was conducted for 8 weeks. The vasodilatory response was measured in
isolated hearts in the absence and presence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
(L-NAME, 100 µM). Cardiac oxidative stress was evaluated in situ by
dihydroethidium fluorescence, while the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-2 and
catalase) and their activities were assessed by western blotting and
spectrophotometry, respectively. Vasodilation in SHR was significantly reduced by
OVX, even in the presence of L-NAME, in conjunction with an increased oxidative
stress. These effects were prevented by SW, and were associated with a decrease in
oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2) and catalase expression increased
only in the OSW group. However, no significant difference was found in the activity
of these enzymes. In conclusion, SW prevented the endothelial dysfunction in the
coronary bed of ovariectomized SHR associated with an increase in the expression of
antioxidant enzymes, and therefore may prevent coronary heart disease in hypertensive
postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R G Claudio
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - S A Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - V Mengal
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - G A Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - C H Santuzzi
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - R V Tiradentes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - S A Gouvea
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - N S Bissoli
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - R L Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - G R Abreu
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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Delgado NTB, Rouver WDN, Freitas-Lima LC, de Paula TDC, Duarte A, Silva JF, Lemos VS, Santos AMC, Mauad H, Santos RL, Moysés MR. Pomegranate Extract Enhances Endothelium-Dependent Coronary Relaxation in Isolated Perfused Hearts from Spontaneously Hypertensive Ovariectomized Rats. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:522. [PMID: 28101057 PMCID: PMC5209391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in estrogen levels promotes endothelial dysfunction and, consequently, the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases in menopausal women. The use of natural therapies such as pomegranate can change these results. Pomegranate [Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)] is widely used as a phytotherapeutic agent worldwide, including in Brazil. We hypothesized that treatment with pomegranate hydroalcoholic extract (PHE) would improve coronary vascular reactivity and cardiovascular parameters. At the beginning of treatment, spontaneously hypertensive female rats were divided into Sham and ovariectomized (OVX) groups, which received pomegranate extract (PHE) (250 mg/kg) or filtered water (V) for 30 days by gavage. Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail plethysmography. After euthanasia, the heart was removed and coronary vascular reactivity was assessed by Langendorff retrograde perfusion technique. A dose-response curve for bradykinin was performed, followed by L-NAME inhibition. The protein expression of p-eNOS Ser1177, p-eNOS Thr495, total eNOS, p-AKT Ser473, total AKT, SOD-2, and catalase was quantified by Western blotting. The detection of coronary superoxide was performed using the protocol of dihydroethidium (DHE) staining Plasma nitrite measurement was analyzed by Griess method. Systolic blood pressure increased in both Sham-V and OVX-V groups, whereas it was reduced after treatment in Sham-PHE and OVX-PHE groups. The baseline coronary perfusion pressure was reduced in the Sham-PHE group. The relaxation was significantly higher in the treated group, and L-NAME attenuated the relaxation in all groups. The treatment has not changed p-eNOS (Ser1177), total eNOS, p-AKT (Ser473) and total AKT in any groups. However, in Sham and OVX group the treatment reduced the p-eNOS (Thr495) and SOD-2. The ovariectomy promoted an increasing in the superoxide anion levels and the treatment was able to prevent this elevation and reducing oxidative stress. Moreover, the treatment prevented the decreasing in plasmatic nitrite. We observed a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL in the Sham-PHE group. The treatment with PHE enhances the endothelium-dependent coronary relaxation and improves cardiovascular parameters, which suggests a therapeutic role of PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie T B Delgado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Wender do N Rouver
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Freitas-Lima
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Tiago D-C de Paula
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andressa Duarte
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josiane F Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virgínia S Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M C Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Helder Mauad
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Roger L Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Margareth R Moysés
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria, Brazil
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10
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Borgo MV, Claudio ERG, Silva FB, Romero WG, Gouvea SA, Moysés MR, Santos RL, Almeida SA, Podratz PL, Graceli JB, Abreu GR. Hormonal therapy with estradiol and drospirenone improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the coronary bed of ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e4655. [PMID: 26577845 PMCID: PMC4678653 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drospirenone (DRSP) is a progestin with anti-aldosterone properties and it reduces
blood pressure in hypertensive women. However, the effects of DRSP on
endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation have not been evaluated. This study
investigated the effects of combined therapy with estrogen (E2) and DRSP on
endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the coronary bed of ovariectomized (OVX)
spontaneously hypertensive rats. Female spontaneously hypertensive rats (n=87) at 12
weeks of age were randomly divided into sham operated (Sham), OVX, OVX treated with
E2 (E2), and OVX treated with E2 and DRSP (E2+DRSP) groups. Hemodynamic parameters
were directly evaluated by catheter insertion into the femoral artery.
Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to bradykinin in the coronary arterial
bed was assessed using isolated hearts according to a modified Langendorff method.
Coronary protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and estrogen
receptor alpha (ER-α) was assessed by Western blotting. Histological slices of
coronary arteries were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and morphometric
parameters were analyzed. Oxidative stress was assessed in situ by
dihydroethidium fluorescence. Ovariectomy increased systolic blood pressure, which
was only prevented by E2+DRSP treatment. Estrogen deficiency caused endothelial
dysfunction, which was prevented by both treatments. However, the vasodilator
response in the E2+DRSP group was significantly higher at the three highest
concentrations compared with the OVX group. Reduced ER-α expression in OVX rats was
restored by both treatments. Morphometric parameters and oxidative stress were
augmented by OVX and reduced by E2 and E2+DRSP treatments. Hormonal therapy with E2
and DRSP may be an important therapeutic option in the prevention of coronary heart
disease in hypertensive post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Borgo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - E R G Claudio
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - F B Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - W G Romero
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - S A Gouvea
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - M R Moysés
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - R L Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - S A Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - P L Podratz
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - J B Graceli
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - G R Abreu
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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11
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dos Santos RL, da Silva FB, Ribeiro RF, Stefanon I. Sex hormones in the cardiovascular system. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 18:89-103. [PMID: 25390005 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gender-associated differences in the development of cardiovascular diseases have been described in humans and animals. These differences could explain the low incidence of cardiovascular disease in women in the reproductive period, such as stroke, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. The cardiovascular protection observed in females has been attributed to the beneficial effects of estrogen on endothelial function. Besides estrogen, sex hormones are able to modulate blood pressure by acting on important systems as cardiovascular, renal, and neural. They can have complementary or antagonistic actions. For example, testosterone can raise blood pressure by stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, whereas estrogen alone or combined with progesterone has been associated with decreased blood pressure. The effects of testosterone in the development of cardiovascular disease are contradictory. Although some researchers suggest a positive effect, others indicate negative actions of testosterone. Estrogens physiologically stimulate the release of endothelium-derived vasodilator factors and inhibit the renin-angiotensin system. Although the cardioprotective effects of estrogen are widely appreciated, little is known about the effects of progesterone, which is commonly used in hormone replacement therapy. Progesterone has both vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive effects in the vasculature, depending on the location of the vessel and the level of exposure. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which sex hormones modulate blood pressure have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the characterization of those could lead to a better understanding of hypertension in women and men and perhaps to improved forms of therapy.
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12
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Lamas AZ, Caliman IF, Dalpiaz PLM, de Melo AF, Abreu GR, Lemos EM, Gouvea SA, Bissoli NS. Comparative effects of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats. Life Sci 2015; 124:101-9. [PMID: 25623855 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Endothelial dysfunction is considered a premature indication of atherosclerosis and vessel damage and is present in the postmenopausal period. This study compares the influence of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on factors that affect endothelial function in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. MAIN METHODS The rats were divided into: SHAM; OVX; OVX+estrogen (0.5 μg/kg/day); OVX+raloxifene (2 mg/kg/day) and OVX+tamoxifen (1 mg/kg/day) groups. The acetylcholine vasorelaxation response was evaluated in the mesenteric vascular bed. The vascular oxidative stress and serum inflammatory cytokine levels were monitored, and analyses of eNOS and iNOS were performed. KEY FINDINGS The acetylcholine-induced responses obtained in the OVX were lower than those obtained in the SHAM, and all treatments restored this response. l-NAME reduced and equalized the acetylcholine-induced response in all groups. The attenuation of the acetylcholine-induced responses by aminoguanidine was greater in the OVX. Endothelial dysfunction in OVX was associated with oxidative stress and an increase in iNOS and decrease in eNOS expression. Except for the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) in the OVX+tamoxifen, treatments improved the nitric oxide component of the relaxation response and normalized both the oxidative stress and the expression of those signaling pathway enzymes. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased in OVX, and treatments normalized these levels. SIGNIFICANCE Raloxifene and tamoxifen have similar anti-inflammatory effects that may be important in improving vascular dysfunction. Tamoxifen did not affect the ROS but improved endothelial dysfunction. The protective effect on endothelial function by these treatments provides evidence of their potential cardiovascular benefits in the postmenopausal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Zandonadi Lamas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Izabela Facco Caliman
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Polyana Lima Meireles Dalpiaz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Antônio Ferreira de Melo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Rodrigues Abreu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Elenice Moreira Lemos
- Nucleus of Infectious Diseases, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Sonia Alves Gouvea
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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13
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Silva FB, Romero WG, Carvalho ALR, Borgo MV, Amorim MHC, Gouvea SA, Abreu GR. Hormone therapy with tamoxifen reduces plasma levels of NT-B-type natriuretic peptide but does not change ventricular ejection fraction after chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:154-60. [PMID: 25424369 PMCID: PMC4321221 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen on the plasma
concentration of NT-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in women undergoing
chemotherapy for breast cancer and to correlate changes in NT-proBNP with the left
ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Over a period of 12 months, we followed 60
women with a diagnosis of breast cancer. The patients were separated into a group
that received only chemotherapy (n=23), a group that received chemotherapy +
tamoxifen (n=21), and a group that received only tamoxifen (n=16). Plasma levels of
NT-proBNP were assessed at 0 (T0), 6 (T6), and 12 (T12) months of treatment, and
echocardiography data were assessed at T0 and T12. Plasma NT-proBNP levels were
increased in the chemotherapy-only group at T6 and T12, whereas elevated NT-proBNP
levels were only found at T6 in the chemotherapy + tamoxifen group. At T12, the
chemotherapy + tamoxifen group exhibited a significant reduction in the peptide to
levels similar to the group that received tamoxifen alone. The chemotherapy-only
group exhibited a significant decrease in LVEF at T12, whereas the chemotherapy +
tamoxifen and tamoxifen-only groups maintained levels similar to those at the
beginning of treatment. Treatment with tamoxifen for 6 months after chemotherapy
significantly reduced the plasma levels of NT-proBNP and did not change LVEF in women
with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - W G Romero
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - A L R Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - M V Borgo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - M H C Amorim
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - S A Gouvea
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - G R Abreu
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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14
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Yang TL, Wu TC, Huang CC, Huang PH, Chung CM, Lin SJ, Chen JW, Chan WL, Chiang CH, Leu HB. Association of tamoxifen use and reduced cardiovascular events among asian females with breast cancer. Circ J 2013; 78:135-40. [PMID: 24107360 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen is used for breast cancer treatment and has been reported to be beneficial for the cardiovascular system, but it is unclear whether tamoxifen exhibits a favorable cardiovascular effect in Asian patients. METHODS AND RESULTS From January, 1998 to December, 2006, a breast cancer cohort study was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. Patients were divided according to whether tamoxifen was used. Study endpoints were occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and total cardiovascular events. A total of 3,690 female subjects were enrolled (mean age 50.1±11.3), 2,056 of whom received tamoxifen and 1,634 did not. During a mean follow-up of 6.9 years, the tamoxifen group had a significantly lower incidence of AMI (0.15% vs. 0.67%, P=0.008), ischemic stroke (1.99% vs. 3.30%, P=0.008), hemorrhagic stroke (0.15% vs. 0.55%, P=0.029), and total cardiovascular events (2.24% vs. 4.16%, P<0.001) than the non-exposed group. After adjusting for comorbidities, tamoxifen was independently associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction (hazard ratio [HR] 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07-0.70, ischemic stroke (HR 0.52; 95% CI 0.35-0.78), hemorrhagic stroke (HR 0.25; 95% CI 0.07-0.92), and total cardiovascular events (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.37-0.78). CONCLUSIONS In Asian female breast cancer patients, tamoxifen use was associated with reduced risks of AMI, ischemic, hemorrhagic stroke and total cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
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Claudio ERG, Endlich PW, Santos RL, Moysés MR, Bissoli NS, Gouvêa SA, Silva JF, Lemos VS, Abreu GR. Effects of chronic swimming training and oestrogen therapy on coronary vascular reactivity and expression of antioxidant enzymes in ovariectomized rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64806. [PMID: 23755145 PMCID: PMC3670897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of swimming training (SW) and oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on coronary vascular reactivity and the expression of antioxidant enzymes in ovariectomized rats. Animals were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sham (SH), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with E2 (OE2), ovariectomized with exercise (OSW), and ovariectomized with E2 plus exercise (OE2+SW). The SW protocol (5×/week, 60 min/day) and/or ERT were conducted for 8 weeks; the vasodilator response to bradykinin was analysed (Langendorff Method), and the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1 and 2, catalase) and eNOS and iNOS were evaluated by Western blotting. SW and ERT improved the vasodilator response to the highest dose of bradykinin (1000 ng). However, in the OSW group, this response was improved at 100, 300 and 1000 ng when compared to OVX (p<0,05). The SOD-1 expression was increased in all treated/trained groups compared to the OVX group (p<0,05), and catalase expression increased in the OSW group only. In the trained group, eNOS increased vs. OE2, and iNOS decreased vs. SHAM (p<0,05). SW may represent an alternative to ERT by improving coronary vasodilation, most likely by increasing antioxidant enzyme and eNOS expression and augmenting NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick R G Claudio
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil.
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