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Borges FDA, do Amarante AFT, Lopes WDZ, Canton C, Alvarez L, Lifschitz A. Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle in Brazil and Argentina - current status and global perspectives. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2024; 33:e010524. [PMID: 39140497 PMCID: PMC11340866 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612024041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This review outlines the current state of anthelmintic resistance (AHR) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) among cattle in Argentina and Brazil, emphasizing the economic repercussions, animal health and welfare. The analysis explores factors associated with AHR and proposes a potential solution: the use of drug combinations. Both countries are grappling with a severe AHR scenario in cattle, having progressed through incipient, established, and advanced phases, leading to extreme cases of animal mortality due to ineffective control strategies. Genera such as Cooperia and Haemonchus have the highest reports of resistance, with Oesophagostomum radiatum also posing significant problems. While oral benzimidazoles and levamisole remain effective in most herds, moxidectin is entering an advanced resistance phase, and avermectins are increasingly deemed ineffective. The review explores the impact ofclimate, mixed grazing, animal movement and other husbandry practices, and the relationship between ectoparasite control and the emergence of resistant helminths. Notably, the discussion includes the strategic use of drug combinations as a valuable approach to address resistant GINs control in livestock, highlighting its significant potential to mitigate the challenges posed by AHR in the cattle industry of these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Candela Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigacíon Veterinaria de Tandil – CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigacíon Veterinaria de Tandil – CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrian Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigacíon Veterinaria de Tandil – CIVETAN, UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
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Molento MB, Brandão YO. Macrocyclic lactone resistance in nematodes of cattle in Brazil: Blame it to the ticks! Parasitol Int 2022; 89:102588. [PMID: 35452796 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Strategic helminth control in adult cattle would hardly impose sufficient selection pressure to parasite populations but reports of resistance against macrocyclic lactone (ML) based-products have been confirmed worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific literature of ML resistance (< 90.0% efficiency) in helminths of cattle from 2001 (the first report) to 2020 in Brazil. Additional to the data, we studied the correlation of parasite control practices based on a questionnaire given to 32 farmers. The search returned 246 reports and 21 full articles were selected. From these, a Wordcloud and a Keyword Co-occurrence Network graph were created. The published data revealed that most of the studies (19/21) reported multi-species (Cooperia spp., Haemonchus sp., Oesophagostomum radiatum, Trichostrongylus sp.) resistance to ML. None of the reports described the treatment frequency in the tested farms. As for the questionnaire, the majority of farmers (> 70.0%) responded that they rotate products after treatment, animals are treated monthly or biweekly (58.0%), treatments are based on visual evaluation (coat condition, ectoparasite infestation), and that in 94.0% of the times farmers treat all animals. Moreover, farmers use ML in association with potent acaricides (cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos, fluazuron) in more than 90.0% of the times (15/16). It was observed that this regimen was used to prevent and control the cattle-tick Rhipicephalus microplus (90.0%) and the horn-fly, Haematobia irritans (30.0%) infestations. We conclude that the most important factor for nematode resistance was the high level of ML exposure of up to 16 times/year, in combination with acaricides to control ticks and to a lesser extent to control horn-flies. Therefore, selection of helminth populations in cattle in Brazil can be considered secondary to ectoparasite control. The present analysis is critical, as one the most widespread recommendations to avoid drug resistance is to reduce the use of long-acting compounds, due to their extended persistent periods, increasing parasite selection. Moreover, a more serious attitude must be taken regarding parasite control strategies for livestock, reinforcing that health protocols should be based on single acaricidal products whenever possible. Complementary, selective evaluations based on transient threshold population abundance must be enforced to reduce treatment frequency, reducing parasite selection and animal distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Parana. Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Yara O Brandão
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Parana. Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Parana, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Increase in the reproductive efficiency of primiparous and multiparous Nellore cows following moxidectin treatment at the onset of a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Neves JHD, Carvalho N, Amarante AFTD. Gastrointestinal nematode infections do not hinder the development of Simmental X Nellore crossbred calves raised with a nutritionally enhanced diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e015819. [PMID: 32236331 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation was made of the effect of anthelmintic treatments on the performance of Simmental X Nellore crossbred calves before and after weaning. To this end, the calves were divided into three groups: (1) treated monthly with a low efficacy anthelmintic drug, ivermectin; (2) treated monthly with a highly effective anthelmintic drug, albendazole; and (3) untreated control group. All the groups in this experiment showed an average fecal egg count of less than 400 eggs per gram (EPG), and no clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis. The blood variables were within the normal range and no calf presented anemia. In most of the samplings, mean EPGs were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the group treated with albendazole. The calves received dietary supplementation before and after weaning, which enabled them to gain weight in every month of the experiment and reach a body weight of about 250 kg on the last sampling date, before turning one year old. The anthelmintic treatments did not affect body weight gain, leading to the conclusion that, when fed with suitable dietary supplements, Simmental X Nellore crossbred calves are not affected by gastrointestinal nematode parasites acquired by grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Henrique das Neves
- Setor de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Ensino Superior e Formação Integral - FAEF, Garça, SP, Brasil
| | - Nadino Carvalho
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia - UNIR, Rolim de Moura, RO, Brasil
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Baiak BHB, Lehnen CR, Rocha RAD. Anthelmintic resistance of injectable macrocyclic lactones in cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2019; 28:59-67. [PMID: 30892462 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to identify, critically assess, and summarize available data from primary research about the anthelmintic resistance of injectable macrocyclic lactones in cattle. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals. Of the 1504 abstracts screened for eligibility, 80 were deemed relevant for full publication review. Thirteen publications were included in the qualitative synthesis and assessed for systematic bias. Only five studies were included in the quantitative analysis because they showed a low risk of producing biased results in all the parameters. The forest plot indicated four studies that discuss anthelmintic resistance (P<0.05), while only one study did not discuss anthelmintic resistance (P<0.05). The pooled estimate showed 0.59 (95% Confidence intervals: 0.08, 0.47) times higher odds for studies that report anthelmintic resistance than for studies reporting efficacious anthelmintic treatment, with significant and substantially low heterogeneity (I2=25%). Anthelmintic resistance to injectable macrocyclic lactones is a reality. There are need to improve methodological reporting in studies, which is a problem for investigations that involves systematic review and meta-analysis (SR-MA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Haline Buss Baiak
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
| | - Cheila Roberta Lehnen
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
| | - Raquel Abdallah da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
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Baiak BHB, Lehnen CR, da Rocha RA. Anthelmintic resistance in cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dionisio AC, Rath S. Abamectin in soils: Analytical methods, kinetics, sorption and dissipation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 151:17-29. [PMID: 26923238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abamectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent that has been widely employed in veterinary medicine and has also been used as a pesticide in agriculture. Veterinary drugs may reach the soil and may be transported to surface and ground waters, posing risks to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Sorption, transformation and transport processes are primarily responsible for the fate of these substances in the environment. In this study, the sorption and the aerobic dissipation of abamectin in Brazilian soils (sand, clay and sandy-clay) were evaluated. For sorption studies, batch equilibrium experiments were performed. Sorption and desorption isotherms were fitted to the Freundlich model. Abamectin showed a high affinity to soil particles, with Freundlich sorption and desorption coefficients ranging from 44 to 138 μg(1-1/n) (cm(3))(1/n) g(-1) and from 89 to 236 μg(1-1/n) (cm(3))(1/n) g(-1), respectively. Dissipation of abamectin was evaluated in sterile and non-sterile soils in an aerobic and dark environment under controlled temperature and humidity. The time required for a 50% reduction of the amount of abamectin present in non-sterile soils was up to 4 days, and the time period for 90% dissipation was up to 12 days. In sterilized soils, there was no reduction in the concentration of abamectin over 37 days of exposure, suggesting that aerobic microbial degradation must have been the primary mechanism responsible for the dissipation of abamectin in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Camilotti Dionisio
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Susanne Rath
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Ramos F, Portella LP, Rodrigues FDS, Reginato CZ, Pötter L, Cezar AS, Sangioni LA, Vogel FSF. Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of beef cattle in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2016; 6:93-101. [PMID: 27054068 PMCID: PMC4805775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes resistant to anthelmintics have been reported in several regions of Brazil, and they may be associated with economic losses for the cattle industry. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes from naturally infected beef cattle to several commercially available anthelmintics, as well as to test the efficacy of combinations of anthelmintics against multi-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes. Ten farms located in Rio Grande do Sul state were selected by: farmers' consent; extensive raising system; availability of calves aged from 7 to 9 months naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes; absence of anthelmintic treatment for 60 days before the study; and presence of 70-100 calves or more of both genders with ≥ 200 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) (sensitivity of 50 EPG). These calves were distributed into 10 groups (of 7-10 animals) per farm and treated with ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, fenbendazole, closantel, nitroxynil, disophenol, levamisole, albendazole, or moxidectin. Feces were collected 2 days before treatment and 14 days after treatment. Additional groups of 7-10 calves were used to test six different two-drug combinations at four of the studied farms. In general terms, fenbendazole was the most effective drug, followed by levamisole, disophenol, and moxidectin. However, parasite resistance to multiple drugs was found in all herds, especially in the genera Cooperia spp., Trichostrongylus spp., and Haemonchus spp.. Some of the two-drug combinations were effective against nematode populations identified as resistant to the same compounds when used as single drugs. The most effective combinations were moxidectin + levamisole, doramectin + fenbendazole, and levamisole + closantel. In this study, parasites resistant to the main commercially available anthelmintics were found in all herds, and some combinations of two active components belonging to different chemical groups were effective against multi-drug resistant gastrointestinal nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ramos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Pires Portella
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Souza Rodrigues
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zamperete Reginato
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pötter
- Departamento de Zootecnia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Skrebsky Cezar
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia e Desenvolvimento, PNPD/CAPES, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís Antônio Sangioni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Felippelli G, Lopes WDZ, Cruz BC, Teixeira WFP, Maciel WG, Fávero FC, Buzzulini C, Sakamoto C, Soares VE, Gomes LVC, de Oliveira GP, da Costa AJ. Nematode resistance to ivermectin (630 and 700μg/kg) in cattle from the Southeast and South of Brazil. Parasitol Int 2014; 63:835-40. [PMID: 25130588 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two high doses of ivermectin (630μg/kg and 700μg/kg) that are sold commercially in Brazil were evaluated in dose-and-slaughter trials with 144 naturally nematode-infected cattle from eight regions within the states of Minas Gerias, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Treatment groups were based on fecal egg counts 1, 2, and 3days before treatment; all animals studied had a minimum egg count of at least 500 eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Post-mortem analyses were conducted on day 14. The highest levels of resistance to ivermectin were found for Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata and Oesophagostomum radiatum; all populations of H. placei were resistant to the 630μg/kg dose, and 67% were resistant to 700μg/kg; 86% of C. punctata were resistant to the 630μg/kg dose, and 33% were resistant to 700μg/kg. A combined analysis revealed that 57% of O. radiatum were resistant to the lower dose of ivermectin. H. placei, C. punctata and O. radiatum, in order, were the nematode populations with the highest indices of resistance, whereas Trichostrongylus axei was the most susceptible to 630 and 700μg/kg dosages of ivermectin. The results of helminthic resistance to ivermectin for different populations of H. placei and C. punctata described in the present study support previous literature data, in which a small decrease in the average parasitic burden of C. punctata and a consequent increase of H. placei were observed in cattle from the Southeast, South and Center-West regions of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Felippelli
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil.
| | - Breno Cayeiro Cruz
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil
| | - Weslen Fabricio Pires Teixeira
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil
| | - Willian Giquelin Maciel
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil
| | - Flávia Carolina Fávero
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil
| | - Carolina Buzzulini
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil
| | - Claudio Sakamoto
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil
| | - Vando Edésio Soares
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil; UNICASTELO - Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, Brazil
| | - Lucas Vinicius Costa Gomes
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pereira de Oliveira
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil
| | - Alvimar José da Costa
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP:14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo-Brasil, Brazil
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Evaluation of clinical safety and anthelmintic efficacy of aurixazole administed orally at 24 mg/kg in cattle. Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:493-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lopes WDZ, Teixeira WFP, Felippelli G, Cruz BC, Maciel WG, Soares VE, dos Santos TR, de Matos LVS, Fávero FC, da Costa AJ. Assessing resistance of ivermectin and moxidectin against nematodes in cattle naturally infected using three different methodologies. Res Vet Sci 2013; 96:133-8. [PMID: 24290235 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and the faecal egg count efficacy test (FECET) to assess the resistance status of ivermectin (630 μg/kg) and moxidectin (200 μg/kg), using the controlled efficacy test as a reference, and whether the results of the EPG are equivalent to the efficacy results from the parasitological necropsies. Two experiments were conducted. The results demonstrate that it was not possible to demonstrate that the EPG values were equivalent with the ivermectin and moxidectin efficacy obtained by parasitological necropsies, mainly if the phenomenon of parasites resistance is not advanced in a determined field population. Maybe the FECET technique would be possibly better than the FECRT. The high anthelmintic efficacy of 200 μg/kg moxidectin, in naturally infected cattle, against field population of nematodes that are resistant to 630 μg/kg ivermectin, was observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Weslen Fabricio Pires Teixeira
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Felippelli
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Breno Cayeiro Cruz
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Giquelin Maciel
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vando Edésio Soares
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; UNICASTELO - Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, Brazil
| | - Thais Rabelo dos Santos
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Vinicius Shigaki de Matos
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Carolina Fávero
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvimar José da Costa
- CPPAR, Animal Health Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sinott M, Cunha Filho N, Castro L, Lorenzon L, Pinto N, Capella G, Leite F. Bacillus spp. toxicity against Haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep fecal cultures. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prevalence of cattle herds with ivermectin resistant nematodes in the hot sub-humid tropics of Mexico. Vet Parasitol 2012; 183:292-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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BASSETTO CC, SILVA BF, NEWLANDS GFJ, SMITH WD, AMARANTE AFT. Protection of calves against Haemonchus placei and Haemonchus contortus after immunization with gut membrane proteins from H. contortus. Parasite Immunol 2011; 33:377-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cezar AS, Vogel FS, Sangioni LA, Antonello AM, Camillo G, Toscan G, Araujo LOD. Ação anti-helmíntica de diferentes formulações de lactonas macrocíclicas em cepas resistentes de nematódeos de bovinos. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010000700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As lactonas macrocíclicas (LMs) (avermectinas e milbemicinas) são endectocidas amplamente utilizados em animais e em algumas parasitoses humanas. Em bovinos, a resistência parasitária às LMs é emergente, e o surgimento de formulações que diferem nas suas propriedades farmacológicas tornou complexa a escolha da droga mais indicada a cada caso. Com o objetivo de avaliar possíveis alternativas para recuperar a eficácia de LMs sobre cepas resistentes de nematódeos gastrintestinais, testaram-se, neste estudo, dez diferentes tratamentos a base de LMs sobre uma população de nematódeos gastrintestinais de bovinos a qual, sabidamente, sofrera pressão de seleção por avermectinas a 1%. Adicionalmente, testou-se um benzimidazol. A eficácia das drogas foi calculada com base na redução de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) dos bovinos. A resistência de cada gênero foi avaliada por meio de identificação de larvas, obtidas de cultivos nas fezes, pré- e pós-tratamentos. Não se obteve a eficácia desejada com o emprego de avermectinas de longa ação - com alta concentração e em associação - ou mesmo, com a aplicação de superdoses. Os gêneros Cooperia spp., Haemonchus spp. e Trichostrongylus spp. foram resistentes às avermectinas, e Ostertagia spp. à ivermectina. Observou-se que, uma vez estabelecida a resistência parasitária a LMs a 1%, a aplicação de fármacos, deste mesmo grupo químico, ainda que em formulações mais concentradas, asso-ciações ou superdoses, pode não resultar na eficácia esperada.
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Lopes WDZ, dos Santos TR, Borges FDA, Sakamoto CA, Soares VE, Costa GHN, Camargo G, Pulga ME, Bhushan C, da Costa AJ. Anthelmintic efficacy of oral trichlorfon solution against ivermectin resistant nematode strains in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2009; 166:98-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Borges F, Silva H, Buzzulini C, Soares V, Santos E, Oliveira G, Costa A. Endectocide activity of a new long-action formulation containing 2.25% ivermectin+1.25% abamectin in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2008; 155:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Soutello RGV, Seno MCZ, Amarante AFT. Anthelmintic resistance in cattle nematodes in northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2007; 148:360-4. [PMID: 17656022 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out in the northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil, to determine the anthelmintic resistance status in cattle naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The anthelmintics tested were levamisole phosphate (Ripercol, Fort Dodge), albendazole sulphoxide (Ricobendazole, Fort Dodge), ivermectin (Ivomec, Merial) and moxidectin (Cydectin, Fort Dodge), administered at the doses recommended by the manufacturers. From April 2002 to May 2004, 25 cattle farms were evaluated. On each farm, steers were divided into treatment and control (not treated) groups based on fecal egg counts (FEC). Between 7 and 10 days after the anthelmintics administration, fecal samples were collected from each animal for post-treatment FEC. Fecal cultures from each group were also prepared for larval identification. After treatment, mean FEC reduction (FECR) in treatment groups (compared with control groups) was assessed on each farm. FECR was lower than 90% on 23 farms after ivermectin treatment. On 19 farms, FECR of 100% was recorded following moxidectin treatment; on the remaining 6, FECR ranged from 90% to 97.2%. After albendazole treatment, FECR was higher than 90% on 20 farms and ranged from 47.4% to 84.6% on other 5. After levamisole treatment, FECR was higher than 90% on 23 farms and equal to 47.4% and 73.7% on other 2 farms. Results indicated the presence of resistant Cooperia spp. and Haemonchus spp., especially to ivermectin; on some farms, resistance to albendazole and levamisole was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G V Soutello
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias de Andradina, SP, CEP 16901-160, Brazil.
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Borgsteede FHM, Dercksen DD, Huijbers R. Doramectin and albendazole resistance in sheep in The Netherlands. Vet Parasitol 2006; 144:180-3. [PMID: 17113232 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A faecal egg count reduction test was conducted on a sheep farm with suspected avermectin resistance. Five groups of 10 sheep were formed. Group 1 was the untreated control group. Groups 2-5 were treated according to weight with the recommended dose of, respectively, levamisole, doramectin, moxidectin or albendazole. Resistance was found in the sheep treated with doramectin (15% efficacy) and albendazole (87% efficacy). Levamisole and moxidectin were 100 and 99% effective, respectively. Larval identification of the faecal cultures of the doramectin-treated sheep revealed 100% Haemonchus contortus larvae. After albendazole treatment, 77% of the cultured larvae were H. contortus and 23% Teladorsagia/Trichostrongylus. Because there is a lot of trade in sheep on the farm, it is probable that the resistant worms were introduced with livestock from other farms than being selected on the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred H M Borgsteede
- Animal Sciences Group WUR, Division Infectious Disease, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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