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Van Kerkhove O, Verfaillie S, Maes B, Cuppens K. The Adenosinergic Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3142. [PMID: 39335114 PMCID: PMC11430550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4 have revolutionized the systemic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), achieving impressive results. However, long-term clinical benefits are only seen in a minority of patients. Extensive research is being conducted on novel potential immune checkpoints and the mechanisms underlying ICI resistance. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in modulating the immune response and influencing the efficacy of ICIs. The adenosinergic pathway and extracellular adenosine (eADO) are potential targets to improve the response to ICIs in NSCLC patients. First, this review delves into the adenosinergic pathway and the impact of adenosine within the TME. Second, we provide an overview of relevant preclinical and clinical data on molecules targeting this pathway, particularly focusing on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van Kerkhove
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology and Jessa & Science, Jessa Hospital, Salvatorstraat, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Saartje Verfaillie
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology and Jessa & Science, Jessa Hospital, Salvatorstraat, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Maes
- Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jessa Hospital, Salvatorstraat, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences-LCRC, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kristof Cuppens
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology and Jessa & Science, Jessa Hospital, Salvatorstraat, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences-LCRC, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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2
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Takacs GP, Garcia JS, Hodges CA, Kreiger CJ, Sherman A, Harrison JK. CSF1R Ligands Expressed by Murine Gliomas Promote M-MDSCs to Suppress CD8 + T Cells in a NOS-Dependent Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3055. [PMID: 39272914 PMCID: PMC11394022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, resulting in poor survival despite aggressive therapies. GBM is characterized by a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) made up predominantly of infiltrating peripheral immune cells. One significant immune cell type that contributes to glioma immune evasion is a population of immunosuppressive cells, termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Previous studies suggest that a subset of myeloid cells, expressing monocytic (M)-MDSC markers and dual expression of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1, utilize CCR2 to infiltrate the TME. This study evaluated the mechanism of CCR2+/CX3CR1+ M-MDSC differentiation and T cell suppressive function in murine glioma models. We determined that bone marrow-derived CCR2+/CX3CR1+ cells adopt an immune suppressive cell phenotype when cultured with glioma-derived factors. Glioma-secreted CSF1R ligands M-CSF and IL-34 were identified as key drivers of M-MDSC differentiation while adenosine and iNOS pathways were implicated in the M-MDSC suppression of T cells. Mining a human GBM spatial RNAseq database revealed a variety of different pathways that M-MDSCs utilize to exert their suppressive function that is driven by complex niches within the microenvironment. These data provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of M-MDSCs in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey K. Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA (J.S.G.); (C.A.H.)
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3
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Jiang K, Wu J, Wang Q, Chen X, Zhang Y, Gu X, Tang K. Nanoparticles targeting the adenosine pathway for cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5787-5811. [PMID: 38845588 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, as an emerging approach to cancer treatment, has tremendous potential for application. Compared to traditional methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, it has the ability to restore the patient's immune system, leading to long-term immune memory with less damage to normal tissues. However, immunotherapy has its limitations, including limited therapeutic efficacy, restricted patient populations, and inconsistent treatment responses. Finding effective immunotherapeutic approaches has become a key focus of its clinical application. The adenosine pathway is a recently discovered tumor immune regulatory signaling pathway. It can influence the metabolism and growth of tumor cells by acting through key enzymes in the adenosine pathway, thereby affecting the development of tumors. Therefore, inhibiting the adenosine pathway is an effective cancer immunotherapy. Common adenosine pathway inhibitors include small molecules and antibody proteins, and extensive preclinical trials have demonstrated their effectiveness in inhibiting tumor growth. The short half-life, low bioavailability, and single administration route of adenosine pathway inhibitors limit their clinical application. With the advent of nanotechnology, nano-delivery of adenosine pathway inhibitors has addressed these issues. Compared to traditional drugs, nano-drugs extend the drug's circulation time and improve its distribution within the body. They also offer targeting capabilities and have low toxic side effects, making them very promising for future applications. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of the adenosine pathway in tumor immune suppression, the clinical applications of adenosine pathway inhibitors, and nano-delivery based on adenosine pathway inhibitors. In the final part of this article, we also briefly discuss the technical issues and challenges currently present in nano-delivery of adenosine pathway inhibitors, with the hope of advancing the progress of adenosine inhibitor nano-drugs in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaoya Gu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Takacs GP, Garcia JS, Hodges CA, Kreiger CJ, Sherman A, Harrison JK. Glioma-derived M-CSF and IL-34 license M-MDSCs to suppress CD8 + T cells in a NOS-dependent manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597474. [PMID: 38895268 PMCID: PMC11185662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, resulting in poor survival despite aggressive therapies. GBM is characterized by a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) made up predominantly of infiltrating peripheral immune cells. One significant immune cell type that contributes to glioma immune evasion is a population of immunosuppressive cells, termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Previous studies suggest that a subset of myeloid cells, expressing monocytic (M)-MDSC markers and dual expression of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1, utilize CCR2 to infiltrate the TME. This study evaluated the mechanism of CCR2+/CX3CR1+ M-MDSC differentiation and T cell suppressive function in murine glioma models. We determined that bone marrow-derived CCR2+/CX3CR1+ cells adopt an immune suppressive cell phenotype when cultured with glioma-derived factors. Glioma secreted CSF1R ligands M-CSF and IL-34 were identified as key drivers of M-MDSC differentiation while adenosine and iNOS pathways were implicated in M-MDSC suppression of T cells. Mining a human GBM spatial RNAseq database revealed a variety of different pathways that M-MDSCs utilize to exert their suppressive function that are driven by complex niches within the microenvironment. These data provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of M-MDSCs in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Takacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Julia S. Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Caitlyn A. Hodges
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Christian J. Kreiger
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Alexandra Sherman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States
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Wang L, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zheng M, Guo H, Pan X, Li W, Yang B, Ding L. The inhibitory effect of adenosine on tumor adaptive immunity and intervention strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1951-1964. [PMID: 38799637 PMCID: PMC11119508 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) is significantly elevated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) compared to normal tissues. It binds to adenosine receptors (AdoRs), suppressing tumor antigen presentation and immune cell activation, thereby inhibiting tumor adaptive immunity. Ado downregulates major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) and co-stimulatory factors on dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, inhibiting antigen presentation. It suppresses anti-tumor cytokine secretion and T cell activation by disrupting T cell receptor (TCR) binding and signal transduction. Ado also inhibits chemokine secretion and KCa3.1 channel activity, impeding effector T cell trafficking and infiltration into the tumor site. Furthermore, Ado diminishes T cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells by promoting immune-suppressive cytokine secretion, upregulating immune checkpoint proteins, and enhancing immune-suppressive cell activity. Reducing Ado production in the TME can significantly enhance anti-tumor immune responses and improve the efficacy of other immunotherapies. Preclinical and clinical development of inhibitors targeting Ado generation or AdoRs is underway. Therefore, this article will summarize and analyze the inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of Ado on tumor adaptive immunity, as well as provide an overview of the latest advancements in targeting Ado pathways in anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longsheng Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongjie Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Pan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
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Marín-Castejón A, Marco-Bonilla M, Terencio MC, Arasa J, Carceller MC, Ferrandiz ML, Noguera MA, Andrés-Ejarque R, Montesinos MC. Adenosine A 2B receptor agonist improves epidermal barrier integrity in a murine model of epidermal hyperplasia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116401. [PMID: 38460363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine regulates multiple physiological processes through the activation of four receptor subtypes, of which the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) has the lowest affinity for adenosine. Being the adenosine receptor subtype most prominently expressed in epidermis, we recently described the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effect of the selective A2BAR agonist BAY60-6583 (BAY) in human keratinocytes stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), so we sought to establish the effect of topical application of BAY in a model of murine epidermal hyperplasia. Topical application of BAY (1 or 10 μg/site) prevented the inflammatory reaction and skin lesions induced by TPA, minimizing hyperproliferation and acanthosis, as well as the expression of specific markers of proliferative keratinocytes. On the other hand, pre-treatment with the selective A2BAR antagonist, PSB-1115 (PSB, 5 or 50 μg/site) reversed these beneficial effects. Additionally, BAY application normalized the expression of epidermal barrier proteins, whose integrity is altered in inflammatory skin diseases, while treatment with the antagonist alone worsened it. Our results, besides confirming the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of the A2BAR agonist, further demonstrate a role of A2BAR activation to preserve the epidermal barrier. Therefore, the activation of A2BAR may constitute a possible new pharmacological target for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Marín-Castejón
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Marco-Bonilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Terencio
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Arasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Carceller
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Luisa Ferrandiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Antonia Noguera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Andrés-Ejarque
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - M Carmen Montesinos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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7
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Wang H, Wei Y, Wang N. Purinergic pathways and their clinical use in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09997-8. [PMID: 38446337 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of various therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T), the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still generally poor. However, immunotherapy is currently a hot topic in the treatment of hematological tumors. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) via CD39, and ADP can be converted to adenosine via CD73, which can bind to P1 and P2 receptors to exert immunomodulatory effects. Research on the mechanism of the purinergic signaling pathway can provide a new direction for the treatment of AML, and inhibitors of this signaling pathway have been discovered by several researchers and gradually applied in the clinic. In this paper, the mechanism of the purinergic signaling pathway and its clinical application are described, revealing a new target for the treatment of AML and subsequent improvement in patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Huang R, Ning Q, Zhao J, Zhao X, Zeng L, Yi Y, Tang S. Targeting ENPP1 for cancer immunotherapy: Killing two birds with one stone. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116006. [PMID: 38142838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionized the paradigm of cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy remains limited in most clinical settings due to the lack of a preexisting antitumor T-cell response in tumors. Therefore, the clinical outcomes of cancer immunotherapy must be improved crucially. With increased awareness of the importance of the innate immune response in the recruitment of T cells, as well as the onset and maintenance of the T cell response, great interest has been shown in activating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway to awaken the innate immune response, thereby orchestrating both innate and adaptive immune responses to induce tumor clearance. However, tumor cells have evolved to overexpress ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which degrades the immunotransmitter 2',3'-cGAMP and promotes the production of immune-suppressing adenosine, resulting in inhibition of the anticancer immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Clinically, ENPP1 overexpression is closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Conversely, depleting or inhibiting ENPP1 has been verified to elevate extracellular 2',3'-cGAMP levels and inhibit the generation of adenosine, thereby reinvigorating the anticancer immune response for tumor elimination. A variety of ENPP1 inhibitors have recently been developed and have demonstrated significant promise for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of ENPP1, dissect its immunosuppressive mechanisms, and discuss the development of ENPP1 inhibitors with the potential to further improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilei Huang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Qian Ning
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jihui Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Xuhong Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Luting Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yi Yi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Shengsong Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, and Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen J, Wang J, Hua H, Jiang Y. cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling and cancer: the interplay in tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38233872 PMCID: PMC10792844 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from abnormal cell growth that is induced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which involves extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), tumor-infiltrating immune cells and angiogenesis, plays a critical role in tumor progression. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger that has pleiotropic effects on the TME. The downstream effectors of cAMP include cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) and ion channels. While cAMP can activate PKA or EPAC and promote cancer cell growth, it can also inhibit cell proliferation and survival in context- and cancer type-dependent manner. Tumor-associated stromal cells, such as CAF and immune cells, can release cytokines and growth factors that either stimulate or inhibit cAMP production within the TME. Recent studies have shown that targeting cAMP signaling in the TME has therapeutic benefits in cancer. Small-molecule agents that inhibit adenylate cyclase and PKA have been shown to inhibit tumor growth. In addition, cAMP-elevating agents, such as forskolin, can not only induce cancer cell death, but also directly inhibit cell proliferation in some cancer types. In this review, we summarize current understanding of cAMP signaling in cancer biology and immunology and discuss the basis for its context-dependent dual role in oncogenesis. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which cAMP and the TME interact in cancer will be critical for the development of effective therapies. Future studies aimed at investigating the cAMP-cancer axis and its regulation in the TME may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Evans JV, Suman S, Goruganthu MUL, Tchekneva EE, Guan S, Arasada RR, Antonucci A, Piao L, Ilgisonis I, Bobko AA, Driesschaert B, Uzhachenko RV, Hoyd R, Samouilov A, Amann J, Wu R, Wei L, Pallerla A, Ryzhov SV, Feoktistov I, Park KP, Kikuchi T, Castro J, Ivanova AV, Kanagasabai T, Owen DH, Spakowicz DJ, Zweier JL, Carbone DP, Novitskiy SV, Khramtsov VV, Shanker A, Dikov MM. Improving combination therapies: targeting A2B-adenosine receptor to modulate metabolic tumor microenvironment and immunosuppression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1404-1419. [PMID: 37195421 PMCID: PMC10637048 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the role of A2B-adenosine receptor in regulating immunosuppressive metabolic stress in the tumor microenvironment. Novel A2B-adenosine receptor antagonist PBF-1129 was tested for antitumor activity in mice and evaluated for safety and immunologic efficacy in a phase I clinical trial of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS The antitumor efficacy of A2B-adenosine receptor antagonists and their impact on the metabolic and immune tumor microenvironment were evaluated in lung, melanoma, colon, breast, and epidermal growth factor receptor-inducible transgenic cancer models. Employing electron paramagnetic resonance, we assessed changes in tumor microenvironment metabolic parameters, including pO2, pH, and inorganic phosphate, during tumor growth and evaluated the immunologic effects of PBF-1129, including its pharmacokinetics, safety, and toxicity, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. RESULTS Levels of metabolic stress correlated with tumor growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Tumor interstitial inorganic phosphate emerged as a correlative and cumulative measure of tumor microenvironment stress and immunosuppression. A2B-adenosine receptor inhibition alleviated metabolic stress, downregulated expression of adenosine-generating ectonucleotidases, increased expression of adenosine deaminase, decreased tumor growth and metastasis, increased interferon γ production, and enhanced the efficacy of antitumor therapies following combination regimens in animal models (anti-programmed cell death 1 protein vs anti-programmed cell death 1 protein plus PBF-1129 treatment hazard ratio = 11.74 [95% confidence interval = 3.35 to 41.13], n = 10, P < .001, 2-sided F test). In patients with non-small cell lung cancer, PBF-1129 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities; demonstrated pharmacologic efficacy; modulated the adenosine generation system; and improved antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS Data identify A2B-adenosine receptor as a valuable therapeutic target to modify metabolic and immune tumor microenvironment to reduce immunosuppression, enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies, and support clinical application of PBF-1129 in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason V Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Shankar Suman
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mounika Uttam L Goruganthu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elena E Tchekneva
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shuxiao Guan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rajeswara Rao Arasada
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anneliese Antonucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Longzhu Piao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Irina Ilgisonis
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Roman V Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoyd
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexandre Samouilov
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruohan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aaditya Pallerla
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergey V Ryzhov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Igor Feoktistov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyungho P Park
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Takefumi Kikuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Shirakabadai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Alla V Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dwight H Owen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel J Spakowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David P Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergey V Novitskiy
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mikhail M Dikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Zhang C, Wang K, Wang H. Adenosine in cancer immunotherapy: Taking off on a new plane. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189005. [PMID: 37913941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
As a new pillar of cancer therapy, tumor immunotherapy has brought irreplaceable durable responses in tumors. Considering its low response rate, additional immune regulatory mechanisms will be critical for the development of next-generation immune therapeutics. As a key regulatory mechanism, adenosine (ADO) protects tissues from excessive immune responses, but as a metabolite highly concentrated in tumor microenvironments, extracellular adenosine acts on adenosine receptors (mainly A2A receptors) expressed on MDSCs, Tregs, NK cells, effector T cells, DCs, and macrophages to promote tumor cell escape from immune surveillance by inhibiting the immune response. Amounting preclinical studies have demonstrated the adenosine pathway as a novel checkpoint for immunotherapy. Large number of adenosine pathway targeting clinical trials are now underway, including antibodies against CD39 and CD73 as well as A2A receptor inhibitors. There has been evidence of antitumor efficacy of these inhibitors in early clinical trials among a variety of tumors such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, etc. As more clinical trial results are published, the combination of blockade of this pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted drugs, traditional chemotherapy medications, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy will provide cancer patients with better clinical outcomes. We would elaborate on the role of CD39-CD73-A2AR pathway in the contribution of tumor microenvironment and the targeting of the adenosinergic pathway for cancer therapy in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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12
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Xing J, Zhang J, Wang J. The Immune Regulatory Role of Adenosine in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14928. [PMID: 37834375 PMCID: PMC10573203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, an immunosuppressive metabolite, is produced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from dying or stressed cells and is found at high levels in the tumor microenvironment of most solid tumors. It mediates pro-tumor activities by inducing tumor cell proliferation, migration or invasion, tumor tissue angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. In addition, adenosine plays an important role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses and facilitating tumor immune escape. Adenosine receptors are broadly expressed by tumor-infiltrated immune cells, including suppressive tumor-associated macrophages and CD4+ regulatory T cells, as well as effector CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Therefore, adenosine is indispensable in down-regulating anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment and contributes to tumor progression. This review describes the current progress on the role of adenosine/adenosine receptor pathway in regulating the tumor-infiltrating immune cells that contribute to tumor immune evasion and aims to provide insights into adenosine-targeted tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Xing
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 100001, China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 100001, China
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13
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Wang L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zheng M, Pan X, Guo H, Ding L. Inhibitory effect of adenosine on adaptive antitumor immunity and intervention strategies. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:567-577. [PMID: 37916308 PMCID: PMC10630057 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumors in which the microenvironment is characterized by lack of immune cell infiltration are referred as "cold tumors" and typically exhibit low responsiveness to immune therapy. Targeting the factors contributing to "cold tumors" formation and converting them into "hot tumors" is a novel strategy for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. Adenosine, a hydrolysis product of ATP, accumulates with a significantly higher concentration in the tumor microenvironments compared with normal tissue and exerts inhibitory effects on tumor-specific adaptive immunity. Tumor cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells express abundant adenosine receptors on their surfaces. The binding of adenosine to these receptors initiates downstream signaling pathways that suppress tumor antigen presentation and immune cell activation, consequently dampening adaptive immune responses against tumors. Adenosine down-regulates the expression of major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ and co-stimulatory factors on dendritic cells and macrophages, thereby inhibiting antigen presentation to T cells. Adenosine also inhibits ligand-receptor binding and transmembrane signaling on T cells, concomitantly suppressing the secretion of anti-tumor cytokines and impairing T cell activation. Furthermore, adenosine hinders effector T cell trafficking to tumor sites and infiltration by inhibiting chemokine secretion and KCa3.1 channels. Additionally, adenosine promotes the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, increases immune checkpoint protein expression, and enhances the activity of immunosuppressive cells, collectively curbing cytotoxic T cell-mediated tumor cell killing. Given the immunosuppressive role of adenosine in adaptive antitumor immunity, several inhibitors targeting adenosine generation or adenosine receptor blockade are currently in preclinical or clinical development with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapies. This review provides an overview of the inhibitory effects of adenosine on adaptive antitumor immunity, elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved, and summarizes the latest advances in application of adenosine inhibition strategies for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longsheng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongjie Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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14
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Shaw JA, Malherbe ST, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Suppressive myeloid cells in SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222911. [PMID: 37545508 PMCID: PMC10399583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data show that both current and previous tuberculosis (TB) increase the risk of in-hospital mortality from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and there is a similar trend for poor outcomes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection after recent SARS-CoV-2. A shared dysregulation of immunity explains the dual risk posed by co-infection, but the specific mechanisms are being explored. While initial attention focused on T cell immunity, more comprehensive analyses revealed a dysfunctional innate immune response in COVID-19, characterized by reduced numbers of dendritic cells, NK cells and a redistribution of mononuclear phagocytes towards intermediate myeloid subsets. During hyper- or chronic inflammatory processes, activation signals from molecules such as growth factors and alarmins lead to the expansion of an immature population of myeloid cells called myeloid-deprived suppressor cells (MDSC). These cells enter a state of pathological activation, lose their ability to rapidly clear pathogens, and instead become broadly immunosuppressive. MDSC are enriched in the peripheral blood of patients with severe COVID-19; associated with mortality; and with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. In TB, MDSC have been implicated in loss of control of Mtb in the granuloma and ineffective innate and T cell immunity to the pathogen. Considering that innate immune sensing serves as first line of both anti-bacterial and anti-viral defence mechanisms, we propose MDSC as a crucial mechanism for the adverse clinical trajectories of TB-COVID-19 coinfection.
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15
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Stagg J, Golden E, Wennerberg E, Demaria S. The interplay between the DNA damage response and ectonucleotidases modulates tumor response to therapy. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabq3015. [PMID: 37418547 PMCID: PMC10394739 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular nucleoside adenosine reduces tissue inflammation and is generated by irreversible dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) mediated by the ectonucleotidase CD73. The pro-inflammatory nucleotides adenosine triphosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and cyclic guanosine -monophosphate-AMP (cGAMP), which are produced in the tumor microenvironment (TME) during therapy-induced immunogenic cell death and activation of innate immune signaling, can be converted into AMP by ectonucleotidases CD39, CD38, and CD203a/ENPP1. Thus, ectonucleotidases shape the TME by converting immune-activating signals into an immunosuppressive one. Ectonucleotidases also hinder the ability of therapies including radiation therapy, which enhance the release of pro-inflammatory nucleotides in the extracellular milieu, to induce immune-mediated tumor rejection. Here, we review the immunosuppressive effects of adenosine and the role of different ectonucleotidases in modulating antitumor immune responses. We discuss emerging opportunities to target adenosine generation and/or its ability to signal via adenosine receptors expressed by immune and cancer cells in the context of combination immunotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de
l’Université de Montréal, 900 St-Denis street, Montreal,
Quebec, Canada, H2X 0A9
| | - Encouse Golden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine,
New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Erik Wennerberg
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer
Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine,
New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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16
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Kurago Z, Guo G, Shi H, Bollag RJ, Groves MW, Byrd JK, Cui Y. Inhibitors of the CD73-adenosinergic checkpoint as promising combinatory agents for conventional and advanced cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212209. [PMID: 37435071 PMCID: PMC10330720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface enzyme CD73 is increasingly appreciated as a pivotal non-redundant immune checkpoint (IC) in addition to PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. CD73 produces extracellular adenosine (eADO), which not only inhibits antitumor T cell activity via the adenosine receptor (AR) A2AR, but also enhances the immune inhibitory function of cancer-associated fibroblasts and myeloid cells via A2BR. Preclinical studies show that inhibition of the CD73-adenosinergic pathway in experimental models of many solid tumors either as a monotherapy or, more effectively, in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 IC blockades, improves antitumor immunity and tumor control. Consequently, approximately 50 ongoing phase I/II clinical trials targeting the CD73-adenosinergic IC are currently listed on https://clinicaltrials.gov. Most of the listed trials employ CD73 inhibitors or anti-CD73 antibodies alone, in combination with A2AR antagonists, and/or with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Recent evidence suggests that the distribution of CD73, A2AR and A2BR in tumor microenvironments (TME) is heterogeneous, and this distribution affects CD73-adenosinergic IC function. The new insights have implications for the optimally effective, carefully tailored approaches to therapeutic targeting of this essential IC. In the mini-review, we briefly discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CD73/eADO-mediated immunosuppression during tumor progression and therapy in the spatial context of the TME. We include preclinical data regarding therapeutic CD73-eADO blockade in tumor models as well as available clinical data from completed trials that targeted CD73-adenosinergic IC with or without PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and discuss factors that are potentially important for optimal therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Kurago
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Huidong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Roni J. Bollag
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Michael W. Groves
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - J. Kenneth Byrd
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Cheu JWS, Chiu DKC, Kwan KKL, Yang C, Yuen VWH, Goh CC, Chui NNQ, Shen W, Law CT, Li Q, Zhang MS, Bao MHR, Wong BPY, Chan CYK, Liu CX, Sit GFW, Ooi ZY, Deng H, Tse APW, Ng IOL, Wong CCL. Hypoxia-inducible factor orchestrates adenosine metabolism to promote liver cancer development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5111. [PMID: 37146141 PMCID: PMC10162666 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced adenosine creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and dampens the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We found that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) orchestrates adenosine efflux through two steps in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). First, HIF-1 activates transcriptional repressor MXI1, which inhibits adenosine kinase (ADK), resulting in the failure of adenosine phosphorylation to adenosine monophosphate. This leads to adenosine accumulation in hypoxic cancer cells. Second, HIF-1 transcriptionally activates equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4, pumping adenosine into the interstitial space of HCC, elevating extracellular adenosine levels. Multiple in vitro assays demonstrated the immunosuppressive role of adenosine on T cells and myeloid cells. Knockout of ADK in vivo skewed intratumoral immune cells to protumorigenic and promoted tumor progression. Therapeutically, combination treatment of adenosine receptor antagonists and anti-PD-1 prolonged survival of HCC-bearing mice. We illustrated the dual role of hypoxia in establishing an adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive TME and offered a potential therapeutic approach that synergizes with ICIs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinth Wing-Sum Cheu
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - David Kung-Chun Chiu
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth Kin-Leung Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Chunxue Yang
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent Wai-Hin Yuen
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Ching Goh
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Noreen Nog-Qin Chui
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Ting Law
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qidong Li
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Misty Shuo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Macus Hao-Ran Bao
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Bowie Po-Yee Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cerise Yuen-Ki Chan
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Cindy Xinqi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Fu-Wan Sit
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zher Yee Ooi
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Haijing Deng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aki Pui-Wah Tse
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 510120
- Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Lamb TJ, Pawelec G. Here, There, and Everywhere: Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Immunology. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1183-1197. [PMID: 37068300 PMCID: PMC10111205 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were initially identified in humans and mice with cancer where they profoundly suppress T cell- and NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Inflammation is a central feature of many pathologies and normal physiological conditions and is the dominant driving force for the accumulation and function of MDSCs. Therefore, MDSCs are present in conditions where inflammation is present. Although MDSCs are detrimental in cancer and conditions where cellular immunity is desirable, they are beneficial in settings where cellular immunity is hyperactive. Because MDSCs can be generated ex vivo, they are being exploited as therapeutic agents to reduce damaging cellular immunity. In this review, we discuss the detrimental and beneficial roles of MDSCs in disease settings such as bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, sepsis, obesity, trauma, stress, autoimmunity, transplantation and graft-versus-host disease, and normal physiological settings, including pregnancy and neonates as well as aging. The impact of MDSCs on vaccination is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah 84112, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tracey J. Lamb
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah 84112, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, and Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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19
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Effendi WI, Nagano T. A2B Adenosine Receptor in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pursuing Proper Pit Stop to Interfere with Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4428. [PMID: 36901855 PMCID: PMC10002355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purine nucleotides and nucleosides are involved in various human physiological and pathological mechanisms. The pathological deregulation of purinergic signaling contributes to various chronic respiratory diseases. Among the adenosine receptors, A2B has the lowest affinity such that it was long considered to have little pathophysiological significance. Many studies suggest that A2BAR plays protective roles during the early stage of acute inflammation. However, increased adenosine levels during chronic epithelial injury and inflammation might activate A2BAR, resulting in cellular effects relevant to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwin Is Effendi
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR), Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya 60015, Indonesia
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine of UNAIR (PaRU) Research Center, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya 60015, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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20
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Kaur J, Dora S. Purinergic signaling: Diverse effects and therapeutic potential in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1058371. [PMID: 36741002 PMCID: PMC9889871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1058371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of improved biological insights and therapeutic advances, cancer is consuming multiple lives worldwide. Cancer is a complex disease with diverse cellular, metabolic, and physiological parameters as its hallmarks. This instigates a need to uncover the latest therapeutic targets to advance the treatment of cancer patients. Purines are building blocks of nucleic acids but also function as metabolic intermediates and messengers, as part of a signaling pathway known as purinergic signaling. Purinergic signaling comprises primarily adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine (ADO), their analogous membrane receptors, and a set of ectonucleotidases, and has both short- and long-term (trophic) effects. Cells release ATP and ADO to modulate cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner by activating membrane-localized purinergic receptors (purinoceptors, P1 and P2). P1 receptors are selective for ADO and have four recognized subtypes-A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Purines and pyrimidines activate P2 receptors, and the P2X subtype is ligand-gated ion channel receptors. P2X has seven subtypes (P2X1-7) and forms homo- and heterotrimers. The P2Y subtype is a G protein-coupled receptor with eight subtypes (P2Y1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). ATP, its derivatives, and purinoceptors are widely distributed in all cell types for cellular communication, and any imbalance compromises the homeostasis of the cell. Neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and secretion employ fast purinergic signaling, while trophic purinergic signaling regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, and immune response during tumor progression. Thus, purinergic signaling is a prospective therapeutic target in cancer and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanchit Dora
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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21
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Benito-Lopez JJ, Marroquin-Muciño M, Perez-Medina M, Chavez-Dominguez R, Aguilar-Cazares D, Galicia-Velasco M, Lopez-Gonzalez JS. Partners in crime: The feedback loop between metabolic reprogramming and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1101503. [PMID: 36713558 PMCID: PMC9879362 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly changing cellular system composed of heterogeneous populations of tumor cells and non-transformed stromal cells, such as stem cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, adipocytes, and innate and adaptive immune cells. Tumor, stromal, and immune cells consume available nutrients to sustain their proliferation and effector functions and, as a result of their metabolism, produce a wide array of by-products that gradually alter the composition of the milieu. The resulting depletion of essential nutrients and enrichment of by-products work together with other features of the hostile TME to inhibit the antitumor functions of immune cells and skew their phenotype to promote tumor progression. This review briefly describes the participation of the innate and adaptive immune cells in recognizing and eliminating tumor cells and how the gradual metabolic changes in the TME alter their antitumor functions. In addition, we discuss the overexpression of the immune checkpoints and their ligands as a result of nutrient deprivation and by-products accumulation, as well as the amplification of the metabolic alterations induced by the immune checkpoints, which creates an immunosuppressive feedback loop in the TME. Finally, the combination of metabolic and immune checkpoint inhibitors as a potential strategy to treat cancer and enhance the outcome of patients is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus J Benito-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Marroquin-Muciño
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquimica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Perez-Medina
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquimica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Galicia-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose S Lopez-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Impact of the selective A2 AR and A2 BR dual antagonist AB928/etrumadenant on CAR T cell function. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:2175-2185. [PMID: 36266575 PMCID: PMC9726885 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been successfully translated to clinical practice for the treatment of B cell malignancies. The suppressive microenvironment of many malignancies is a bottleneck preventing treatment success of CAR T cells in a broader range of tumours. Among others, the immunosuppressive metabolite adenosine is present in high concentrations within many tumours and dampens anti-tumour function of immune cells and consequently therapeutic response. METHODS Here, we present the impact of the selective adenosine A2A and A2B receptor antagonist AB928/etrumadenant on CAR T cell cytokine secretion, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. Using phosphorylation-specific flow cytometry, we evaluated the capability of AB928 to shield CAR T cells from adenosine-mediated signalling. The effect of orally administered AB928 on CAR T cells was assessed in a syngeneic mouse model of colon carcinoma. RESULTS We found that immunosuppressive signalling in CAR T cells in response to adenosine was fully blocked by the small molecule inhibitor. AB928 treatment enhanced CAR T cell cytokine secretion and proliferation, granted efficient cytolysis of tumour cells in vitro and augmented CAR T cell activation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Together our results suggest that combination therapy with AB928 represents a promising approach to improve adoptive cell therapy.
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23
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Nucleoside transporters and immunosuppressive adenosine signaling in the tumor microenvironment: Potential therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108300. [PMID: 36283452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine compartmentalization has a profound impact on immune cell function by regulating adenosine localization and, therefore, extracellular signaling capabilities, which suppresses immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Nucleoside transporters, responsible for the translocation and cellular compartmentalization of hydrophilic adenosine, represent an understudied yet crucial component of adenosine disposition in the tumor microenvironment. In this review article, we will summarize what is known regarding nucleoside transporter's function within the purinome in relation to currently devised points of intervention (i.e., ectonucleotidases, adenosine receptors) for cancer immunotherapy, alterations in nucleoside transporter expression reported in cancer, and potential avenues for targeting of nucleoside transporters for the desired modulation of adenosine compartmentalization and action. Further, we put forward that nucleoside transporters are an unexplored therapeutic opportunity, and modulation of nucleoside transport processes could attenuate the pathogenic buildup of immunosuppressive adenosine in solid tumors, particularly those enriched with nucleoside transport proteins.
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24
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Yu Z, Ling Y, Xu Q, Cao Y, Tang S, Fu C. Blocking the A 2B adenosine receptor alleviates myocardial damage by inhibiting spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Med 2022; 54:1616-1626. [PMID: 35675334 PMCID: PMC9186371 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2084153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mobilisation is an important immune event in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) plays key role in regulating MDSC function, but its specific involvement in MDSC mobilisation in AMI remains unclear. METHODS In AMI patients, the circulating MDSC ratio and A2BAR mRNA expression were measured. A mouse AMI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) ligation. MDSCs were analysed by FACS and immunofluorescence staining (of heart tissue). A2BAR mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Myocardial injury was detected by HE staining. Myocardial cell apoptosis was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Cardiac systolic function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS In AMI patients, the circulating MDSC ratio was increased and positively correlated with A2BAR mRNA expression (r = 0.86, p < 0.01). In AMI model mice, the percentage of MDSCs was increased in the circulation and infarcted heart and decreased in the spleen. MRS-1754-mediated A2BAR inhibition decreased the MDSC ratio in the circulation and infarcted heart and prevented the decrease in MDSC number in the spleens of mice with AMI. A2BAR blockade inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis, alleviated myocardial inflammatory injury, and improved myocardial systolic function in the AMI mouse model. Similar results were found in mice after splenectomy. Additionally, spleen-derived MDSC injection increased the MDSC ratio in the infarcted heart, increased myocardial cell apoptosis, aggravated myocardial injury, and decreased cardiac systolic function in mice with AMI. CONCLUSION Blocking A2BAR alleviates myocardial damage and improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation after AMI. Key MessagesSpleen-derived MDSC mobilisation aggravates myocardial inflammatory injury within 24 h of AMI.A2BAR promotes spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation within 24 h of AMI.Blocking A2BAR improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongying Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center of Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Qiancheng Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wan Nan Medical College), Anhui, China
| | - Shengxing Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center of Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wan Nan Medical College), Anhui, China
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25
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Zalpoor H, Aziziyan F, Liaghat M, Bakhtiyari M, Akbari A, Nabi-Afjadi M, Forghaniesfidvajani R, Rezaei N. The roles of metabolic profiles and intracellular signaling pathways of tumor microenvironment cells in angiogenesis of solid tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:186. [PMID: 36419156 PMCID: PMC9684800 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cells patrol and survey throughout the human body and sometimes reside in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a variety of cell types and nutrients that may differ from those in which they developed. The metabolic pathways and metabolites of immune cells are rooted in cell physiology, and not only provide nutrients and energy for cell growth and survival but also influencing cell differentiation and effector functions. Nowadays, there is a growing awareness that metabolic processes occurring in cancer cells can affect immune cell function and lead to tumor immune evasion and angiogenesis. In order to safely treat cancer patients and prevent immune checkpoint blockade-induced toxicities and autoimmunity, we suggest using anti-angiogenic drugs solely or combined with Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) to boost the safety and effectiveness of cancer therapy. As a consequence, there is significant and escalating attention to discovering techniques that target metabolism as a new method of cancer therapy. In this review, a summary of immune-metabolic processes and their potential role in the stimulation of intracellular signaling in TME cells that lead to tumor angiogenesis, and therapeutic applications is provided. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Zalpoor
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Liaghat
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiyari
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abdullatif Akbari
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Forghaniesfidvajani
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Gharib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Pozzi S, Scomparin A, Ben-Shushan D, Yeini E, Ofek P, Nahmad AD, Soffer S, Ionescu A, Ruggiero A, Barzel A, Brem H, Hyde TM, Barshack I, Sinha S, Ruppin E, Weiss T, Madi A, Perlson E, Slutsky I, Florindo HF, Satchi-Fainaro R. MCP-1/CCR2 axis inhibition sensitizes the brain microenvironment against melanoma brain metastasis progression. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154804. [PMID: 35980743 PMCID: PMC9536270 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of resistance to chemo- and immunotherapies often occurs following treatment of melanoma brain metastasis (MBM). The brain microenvironment (BME), particularly astrocytes, cooperate toward MBM progression by upregulating secreted factors, among which we found that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its receptors, CCR2 and CCR4, were overexpressed in MBM compared with primary lesions. Among other sources of MCP-1 in the brain, we show that melanoma cells altered astrocyte secretome and evoked MCP-1 expression and secretion, which in turn induced CCR2 expression in melanoma cells, enhancing in vitro tumorigenic properties, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells. In vivo pharmacological blockade of MCP-1 or molecular knockout of CCR2/CCR4 increased the infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and attenuated the immunosuppressive phenotype of the BME as shown by decreased infiltration of Tregs and tumor-associated macrophages/microglia in several models of intracranially injected MBM. These in vivo strategies led to decreased MBM outgrowth and prolonged the overall survival of the mice. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of inhibiting interactions between BME and melanoma cells for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dikla Ben-Shushan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilam Yeini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paula Ofek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alessio D Nahmad
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shelly Soffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Ionescu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Antonella Ruggiero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Barzel
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sanju Sinha
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Tomer Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Madi
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Perlson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Slutsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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27
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Iser IC, Vedovatto S, Oliveira FD, Beckenkamp LR, Lenz G, Wink MR. The crossroads of adenosinergic pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:202-213. [PMID: 35779713 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key mechanism related to tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, resistance to therapy and poor prognosis in several types of cancer. However, targeting EMT or partial-EMT, as well as the molecules involved in this process, has remained a challenge. Recently, the CD73 enzyme, which hydrolyzes AMP to produce adenosine (ADO), has been linked to the EMT process. This relationship is not only due to the production of the immunosuppressant ADO but also to its role as a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins, being involved in cell adhesion and migration. This article reviews the crosstalk between the adenosinergic pathway and the EMT program and the impact of this interrelation on cancer development and progression. An in silico analysis of RNAseq datasets showed that several tumor types have a significant correlation between an EMT score and NT5E (CD73) and ENTPD1 (CD39) expressions, with the strongest correlations in prostate adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, it is evident that the cooperation between EMT and adenosinergic pathway in tumor progression is context and tumor-dependent. The increased knowledge about this topic will help broaden the view to explore new treatments and therapies for different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Cristiana Iser
- Department of Basics Health Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Samlai Vedovatto
- Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dittrich Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liziane Raquel Beckenkamp
- Department of Basics Health Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Department of Basics Health Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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28
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Cioccarelli C, Molon B. MDSCs and T cells in solid tumors and non-Hodgkin lymphomas: an immunosuppressive speech. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:147-157. [PMID: 35348617 PMCID: PMC9188344 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous subset of cells expanded during multiple pathological settings, including cancers. In tumors, MDSCs are dominant drivers of T-cell immunosuppression. To accomplish their job, they exploit multiple mechanisms ultimately leading to the paralysis of anti-tumor immunity. Among the variety of MDSC-ways of working within the tumor microenvironment, the generation of reactive species and the metabolic reprogramming have emerged as pivotal determinants of their immunosuppressive power. In this review we will overview integral mechanisms of MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in solid tumors, with a particular focus on Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cioccarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Molon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
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29
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Metabolic reprograming of MDSCs within tumor microenvironment and targeting for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1337-1348. [PMID: 34561553 PMCID: PMC9160034 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of emerging studies in field of immune metabolism have indicated that cellular metabolic reprograming serves as a major administrator in maintaining the viability and functions of both tumor cells and immune cells. As one of the most important immunosuppressive cells in tumor stroma, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) dynamically orchestrate their metabolic pathways in response to the complicated tumor microenvironment (TME), a process that consequently limits the therapeutic effectiveness of anti-cancer treatment modalities. In this context, the metabolic vulnerabilities of MDSCs could be exploited as a novel immune metabolic checkpoint upon which to intervene for promoting the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we have discussed about recent studies highlighting the important roles of the metabolic reprograming and the core molecular pathways involved in tumor-infiltrating MDSCs. In addition, we have also summarized the state-of-the-art strategies that are currently being employed to target MDSC metabolism and improve the efficacy of antineoplastic immunotherapy.
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Sakowska J, Arcimowicz Ł, Jankowiak M, Papak I, Markiewicz A, Dziubek K, Kurkowiak M, Kote S, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Połom K, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Trzonkowski P. Autoimmunity and Cancer-Two Sides of the Same Coin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793234. [PMID: 35634292 PMCID: PMC9140757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease results from the immune response against self-antigens, while cancer develops when the immune system does not respond to malignant cells. Thus, for years, autoimmunity and cancer have been considered as two separate fields of research that do not have a lot in common. However, the discovery of immune checkpoints and the development of anti-cancer drugs targeting PD-1 (programmed cell death receptor 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) pathways proved that studying autoimmune diseases can be extremely helpful in the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, autoimmunity and cancer seem to be just two sides of the same coin. In the current review, we broadly discuss how various regulatory cell populations, effector molecules, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors contribute to the loss of self-tolerance in autoimmunity or tolerance induction to cancer. With the current paper, we also aim to convince the readers that the pathways involved in cancer and autoimmune disease development consist of similar molecular players working in opposite directions. Therefore, a deep understanding of the two sides of immune tolerance is crucial for the proper designing of novel and selective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sakowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Arcimowicz
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Jankowiak
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ines Papak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dziubek
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kurkowiak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sachin Kote
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Karol Połom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Targeting nucleotide metabolism: a promising approach to enhance cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:45. [PMID: 35477416 PMCID: PMC9044757 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting nucleotide metabolism can not only inhibit tumor initiation and progression but also exert serious side effects. With in-depth studies of nucleotide metabolism, our understanding of nucleotide metabolism in tumors has revealed their non-proliferative effects on immune escape, indicating the potential effectiveness of nucleotide antimetabolites for enhancing immunotherapy. A growing body of evidence now supports the concept that targeting nucleotide metabolism can increase the antitumor immune response by (1) activating host immune systems via maintaining the concentrations of several important metabolites, such as adenosine and ATP, (2) promoting immunogenicity caused by increased mutability and genomic instability by disrupting the purine and pyrimidine pool, and (3) releasing nucleoside analogs via microbes to regulate immunity. Therapeutic approaches targeting nucleotide metabolism combined with immunotherapy have achieved exciting success in preclinical animal models. Here, we review how dysregulated nucleotide metabolism can promote tumor growth and interact with the host immune system, and we provide future insights into targeting nucleotide metabolism for immunotherapeutic treatment of various malignancies.
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Reinfeld BI, Rathmell WK, Kim TK, Rathmell JC. The therapeutic implications of immunosuppressive tumor aerobic glycolysis. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:46-58. [PMID: 34239083 PMCID: PMC8752729 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2011, Hanahan and Weinberg added "Deregulating Cellular Energetics" and "Avoiding Immune Destruction" to the six previous hallmarks of cancer. Since this seminal paper, there has been a growing consensus that these new hallmarks are not mutually exclusive but rather interdependent. The following review summarizes how founding genetic events for tumorigenesis ultimately increase tumor cell glycolysis, which not only supports the metabolic demands of malignancy but also provides an immunoprotective niche, promoting malignant cell proliferation, maintenance and progression. The mechanisms by which altered metabolism contributes to immune impairment are multifactorial: (1) the metabolic demands of proliferating tumor cells and activated immune cells are similar, thus creating a situation where immune cells may be in competition for key nutrients; (2) the metabolic byproducts of aerobic glycolysis directly inhibit antitumor immunity while promoting a regulatory immune phenotype; and (3) the gene programs associated with the upregulation of glycolysis also result in the generation of immunosuppressive cytokines and metabolites. From this perspective, we shed light on important considerations for the development of new classes of agents targeting cancer metabolism. These types of therapies can impair tumor growth but also pose a significant risk of stifling antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley I. Reinfeld
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - W. Kimryn Rathmell
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Tae Kon Kim
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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Hofer F, Di Sario G, Musiu C, Sartoris S, De Sanctis F, Ugel S. A Complex Metabolic Network Confers Immunosuppressive Functions to Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) within the Tumour Microenvironment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102700. [PMID: 34685679 PMCID: PMC8534848 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population among immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) that support cancer progression and resistance to therapy. During tumour progression, cancer cells modify their metabolism to sustain an increased energy demand to cope with uncontrolled cell proliferation and differentiation. This metabolic reprogramming of cancer establishes competition for nutrients between tumour cells and leukocytes and most importantly, among tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Thus, MDSCs that have emerged as one of the most decisive immune regulators of TME exhibit an increase in glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism and also an upregulation of enzymes that catabolise essential metabolites. This complex metabolic network is not only crucial for MDSC survival and accumulation in the TME but also for enhancing immunosuppressive functions toward immune effectors. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the field of MDSC-associated metabolic pathways that could facilitate therapeutic targeting of these cells during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Ugel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8126451; Fax: +39-045-8126455
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Li X, Li Y, Yu Q, Qian P, Huang H, Lin Y. Metabolic reprogramming of myeloid-derived suppressor cells: An innovative approach confronting challenges. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:257-270. [PMID: 34075637 PMCID: PMC8361984 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0421-597rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and other immunoregulatory cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in cancer and inflammation-derived microenvironment to meet specific physiologic and functional demands. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that are characterized by immunosuppressive activity, which plays a key role in host immune homeostasis. In this review, we have discussed the core metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism in the MDSCs under various pathologic situations. Metabolic reprogramming is a determinant of the phenotype and functions of MDSCs, and is therefore a novel therapeutic possibility in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yixue Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qinru Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Pasquini S, Contri C, Borea PA, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7685. [PMID: 34299305 PMCID: PMC8304851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous modulator with the main function of maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in pathological and stress conditions. It exerts its effect through the interaction with four G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes referred as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs), each of which has a unique pharmacological profile and tissue distribution. Adenosine is a potent modulator of inflammation, and for this reason the adenosinergic system represents an excellent pharmacological target for the myriad of diseases in which inflammation represents a cause, a pathogenetic mechanism, a consequence, a manifestation, or a protective factor. The omnipresence of ARs in every cell of the immune system as well as in almost all cells in the body represents both an opportunity and an obstacle to the clinical use of AR ligands. This review offers an overview of the cardinal role of adenosine in the modulation of inflammation, showing how the stimulation or blocking of its receptors or agents capable of regulating its extracellular concentration can represent promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
| | | | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
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Li HX, Liang XY, Wu JH, Yuan YP, Gao Y, Cai SH. Simvastatin attenuates acute lung injury by activation of A2B adenosine receptor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 422:115460. [PMID: 33774062 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To explore the protective mechanism of simvastatin in acute lung injury (ALI), the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced (5 mg/kg) ALI rat model was used to examine the effects of simvastatin. Following simvastatin treatment, the histopathological evaluation of lung tissues was made using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Also, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. Blood gas analyses of arterial blood samples were performed to assess the pulmonary gas exchange. Moreover, the neutrophil count and total protein content were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The ratio of wet lung to dry lung (W/D) and the alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) were calculated to estimate the severity of edema. Lastly, the levels of A2BAR, CFTR, claudin4, and claudin18 were also measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Simvastatin treatment, in a dose-related manner, markedly improved the lung histological injury and decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and increased IL-10 in LPS induced ALI. Also, pulmonary neutrophil count was alleviated. Besides, a decreased ratio of W/D lung also confirmed the simvastatin intervention. Notably, simvastatin reduced the levels of A2BAR, CFTR, and claudin18 but upregulated claudin4 in lung tissues. Additionally, treatment with PSB1115, an antagonist of A2BAR, countered the protective effect of simvastatin in ALI. Our study demonstrates that simvastatin has a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI by activating A2BAR and should be exploited as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine in Special Wards, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiong-He Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Haidian, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Shao-Hua Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine in Special Wards, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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37
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Voronova V, Peskov K, Kosinsky Y, Helmlinger G, Chu L, Borodovsky A, Woessner R, Sachsenmeier K, Shao W, Kumar R, Pouliot G, Merchant M, Kimko H, Mugundu G. Evaluation of Combination Strategies for the A 2AR Inhibitor AZD4635 Across Tumor Microenvironment Conditions via a Systems Pharmacology Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:617316. [PMID: 33737925 PMCID: PMC7962275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.617316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenosine receptor type 2 (A2AR) inhibitor, AZD4635, has been shown to reduce immunosuppressive adenosine effects within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and to enhance the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors across various syngeneic models. This study aims at investigating anti-tumor activity of AZD4635 alone and in combination with an anti-PD-L1-specific antibody (anti-PD-L1 mAb) across various TME conditions and at identifying, via mathematical quantitative modeling, a therapeutic combination strategy to further improve treatment efficacy. Methods The model is represented by a set of ordinary differential equations capturing: 1) antigen-dependent T cell migration into the tumor, with subsequent proliferation and differentiation into effector T cells (Teff), leading to tumor cell lysis; 2) downregulation of processes mediated by A2AR or PD-L1, as well as other immunosuppressive mechanisms; 3) A2AR and PD-L1 inhibition by, respectively, AZD4635 and anti-PD-L1 mAb. Tumor size dynamics data from CT26, MC38, and MCA205 syngeneic mice treated with vehicle, anti-PD-L1 mAb, AZD4635, or their combination were used to inform model parameters. Between-animal and between-study variabilities (BAV, BSV) in treatment efficacy were quantified using a non-linear mixed-effects methodology. Results The model reproduced individual and cohort trends in tumor size dynamics for all considered treatment regimens and experiments. BSV and BAV were explained by variability in T cell-to-immunosuppressive cell (ISC) ratio; BSV was additionally driven by differences in intratumoral adenosine content across the syngeneic models. Model sensitivity analysis and model-based preclinical study simulations revealed therapeutic options enabling a potential increase in AZD4635-driven efficacy; e.g., adoptive cell transfer or treatments affecting adenosine-independent immunosuppressive pathways. Conclusions The proposed integrative modeling framework quantitatively characterized the mechanistic activity of AZD4635 and its potential added efficacy in therapy combinations, across various immune conditions prevailing in the TME. Such a model may enable further investigations, via simulations, of mechanisms of tumor resistance to treatment and of AZD4635 combination optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirill Peskov
- M&S Decisions LLC, Moscow, Russia
- Computational Oncology Group, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Gabriel Helmlinger
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lulu Chu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Richard Woessner
- Translational Medicine, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Kris Sachsenmeier
- Translational Medicine, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Wenlin Shao
- Oncology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Oncology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gayle Pouliot
- Oncology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melinda Merchant
- Translational Medicine, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Holly Kimko
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ganesh Mugundu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Boston, MA, United States
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Nguyen TTT, Nguyen LHT, Mai NXD, Ta HKT, Nguyen TLT, Le UCN, Phan BT, Doan NN, Doan TLH. Mild and large-scale synthesis of nanoscale metal-organic framework used as a potential adenine-based drug nanocarrier. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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The Functional Crosstalk between Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Regulatory T Cells within the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020210. [PMID: 33430105 PMCID: PMC7827203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy improved the therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced cancer diseases. However, many patients do not benefit from immunotherapy. The bidirectional crosstalk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) contributes to immune evasion, limiting the success of immunotherapy by checkpoint inhibitors. This review aims to outline the current knowledge of the role and the immunosuppressive properties of MDSC and Treg within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, we will discuss the importance of the functional crosstalk between MDSC and Treg for immunosuppression, issuing particularly the role of cell adhesion molecules. Lastly, we will depict the impact of this interaction for cancer research and discuss several strategies aimed to target these pathways for tumor therapy. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have led to profound and durable tumor regression in some patients with metastatic cancer diseases. However, many patients still do not derive benefit from immunotherapy. Here, the accumulation of immunosuppressive cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), and regulatory T cells (Treg), contributes to the development of immune resistance. MDSC and Treg expand systematically in tumor patients and inhibit T cell activation and T effector cell function. Numerous studies have shown that the immunosuppressive mechanisms exerted by those inhibitory cell populations comprise soluble immunomodulatory mediators and receptor interactions. The latter are also required for the crosstalk of MDSC and Treg, raising questions about the relevance of cell–cell contacts for the establishment of their inhibitory properties. This review aims to outline the current knowledge on the crosstalk between these two cell populations, issuing particularly the potential role of cell adhesion molecules. In this regard, we further discuss the relevance of β2 integrins, which are essential for the differentiation and function of leukocytes as well as for MDSC–Treg interaction. Lastly, we aim to describe the impact of such bidirectional crosstalk for basic and applied cancer research and discuss how the targeting of these pathways might pave the way for future approaches in immunotherapy.
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40
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, D'Antongiovanni V, Turiello R, Morello S, Haskó G, Blandizzi C. Adenosine Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:145-167. [PMID: 33123998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia. Signals delivered by extracellular adenosine are detected and transduced by G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors, classified into four subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A critical role of this nucleoside is emerging in the modulation of several immune and nonimmune cells defining the tumor microenvironment, providing novel insights about the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at undermining the immune-privileged sites where cancer cells grow and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Turiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Majellaro M, Jespers W, Crespo A, Núñez MJ, Novio S, Azuaje J, Prieto-Díaz R, Gioé C, Alispahic B, Brea J, Loza MI, Freire-Garabal M, Garcia-Santiago C, Rodríguez-García C, García-Mera X, Caamaño O, Fernandez-Masaguer C, Sardina JF, Stefanachi A, El Maatougui A, Mallo-Abreu A, Åqvist J, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Sotelo E. 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones as Antagonists of the Human A 2B Adenosine Receptor: Optimization, Structure-Activity Relationship Studies, and Enantiospecific Recognition. J Med Chem 2020; 64:458-480. [PMID: 33372800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We present and thoroughly characterize a large collection of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones as A2BAR antagonists, an emerging strategy in cancer (immuno) therapy. Most compounds selectively bind A2BAR, with a number of potent and selective antagonists further confirmed by functional cyclic adenosine monophosphate experiments. The series was analyzed with one of the most exhaustive free energy perturbation studies on a GPCR, obtaining an accurate model of the structure-activity relationship of this chemotype. The stereospecific binding modeled for this scaffold was confirmed by resolving the two most potent ligands [(±)-47, and (±)-38 Ki = 10.20 and 23.6 nM, respectively] into their two enantiomers, isolating the affinity on the corresponding (S)-eutomers (Ki = 6.30 and 11.10 nM, respectively). The assessment of the effect in representative cytochromes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6) demonstrated insignificant inhibitory activity, while in vitro experiments in three prostate cancer cells demonstrated that this pair of compounds exhibits a pronounced antimetastatic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Majellaro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Willem Jespers
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abel Crespo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J Núñez
- SNL, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Novio
- SNL, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jhonny Azuaje
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Prieto-Díaz
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Claudia Gioé
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Belma Alispahic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - José Brea
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María I Loza
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Freire-Garabal
- SNL, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlota Garcia-Santiago
- SNL, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-García
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Olga Caamaño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Christian Fernandez-Masaguer
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier F Sardina
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Abdelaziz El Maatougui
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Mallo-Abreu
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Eddy Sotelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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42
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Menzel L, Höpken UE, Rehm A. Angiogenesis in Lymph Nodes Is a Critical Regulator of Immune Response and Lymphoma Growth. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591741. [PMID: 33343570 PMCID: PMC7744479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-induced remodeling of the microenvironment in lymph nodes (LNs) includes the formation of blood vessels, which goes beyond the regulation of metabolism, and shaping a survival niche for tumor cells. In contrast to solid tumors, which primarily rely on neo-angiogenesis, hematopoietic malignancies usually grow within pre-vascularized autochthonous niches in secondary lymphatic organs or the bone marrow. The mechanisms of vascular remodeling in expanding LNs during infection-induced responses have been studied in more detail; in contrast, insights into the conditions of lymphoma growth and lodging remain enigmatic. Based on previous murine studies and clinical trials in human, we conclude that there is not a universal LN-specific angiogenic program applicable. Instead, signaling pathways that are tightly connected to autochthonous and infiltrating cell types contribute variably to LN vascular expansion. Inflammation related angiogenesis within LNs relies on dendritic cell derived pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression in fibroblastic reticular cells, which in turn triggers vessel growth. In high-grade B cell lymphoma, angiogenesis correlates with poor prognosis. Lymphoma cells immigrate and grow in LNs and provide pro-angiogenic growth factors themselves. In contrast to infectious stimuli that impact on LN vasculature, they do not trigger the typical inflammatory and hypoxia-related stroma-remodeling cascade. Blood vessels in LNs are unique in selective recruitment of lymphocytes via high endothelial venules (HEVs). The dissemination routes of neoplastic lymphocytes are usually disease stage dependent. Early seeding via the blood stream requires the expression of the homeostatic chemokine receptor CCR7 and of L-selectin, both cooperate to facilitate transmigration of tumor and also of protective tumor-reactive lymphocytes via HEV structures. In this view, the HEV route is not only relevant for lymphoma cell homing, but also for a continuous immunosurveillance. We envision that HEV functional and structural alterations during lymphomagenesis are not only key to vascular remodeling, but also impact on tumor cell accessibility when targeted by T cell-mediated immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Menzel
- Translational Tumor Immunology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E. Höpken
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Rehm
- Translational Tumor Immunology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Cekic C. Modulation of myeloid cells by adenosine signaling. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 53:134-145. [PMID: 33022543 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, metabolic activity, cell death and immune responses influence the adenosine concentrations in the extracellular space. Cellular responses to hypoxia and inflammation in myeloid cells promote activation of adenosine sensing circuit, which involves increased expression of ectoenzymes that converts phospho-nucleotides such as ATP to adenosine and increased expression of G protein-coupled adenosine receptors. Adenosine sensing circuitry also involves feedforward signaling, which leads to increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1 and feedback signaling, which leads to the suppression of inflammatory transcription factor, the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation. In this review we will discuss how different subsets of myeloid cells sense adenosine accumulation and how adenosine sensing by myeloid cells influence progression of different immune-related conditions including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Cekic
- Bilkent University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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44
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Allard B, Allard D, Buisseret L, Stagg J. The adenosine pathway in immuno-oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:611-629. [PMID: 32514148 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy based on immune-checkpoint inhibition or adoptive cell therapy has revolutionized cancer care. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients do not benefit from such treatments. Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the development of 'next-generation' therapeutics in immuno-oncology, with inhibitors of extracellular adenosine (eADO) signalling constituting an expanding class of agents. Induced by tissue hypoxia, inflammation, tissue repair and specific oncogenic pathways, the adenosinergic axis is a broadly immunosuppressive pathway that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inhibition of eADO-generating enzymes and/or eADO receptors can promote antitumour immunity through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of T cell and natural killer cell function, suppression of the pro-tumourigenic effects of myeloid cells and other immunoregulatory cells, and promotion of antigen presentation. With several clinical trials currently evaluating inhibitors of the eADO pathway in patients with cancer, we herein review the pathophysiological function of eADO with a focus on effects on antitumour immunity. We also discuss the treatment opportunities, potential limitations and biomarker-based strategies related to adenosine-targeted therapy in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurence Buisseret
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Stagg
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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45
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Roh M, Wainwright DA, Wu JD, Wan Y, Zhang B. Targeting CD73 to augment cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 53:66-76. [PMID: 32777746 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) is a novel immunoinhibitory protein that plays a key role for tumor growth and metastasis. Its main function is to convert extracellular ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine in concert with CD39 in normal tissues to limit excessive immune response. However, tumors take advantage of the CD73-mediated adenosinergic mechanism to protect them from immune attack. In particular, inducible expression of CD73 along with other adenosinergic molecules on both cancer cells and host cells sustains immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by affecting multiple aspects of the immune response. Owing to its multifaceted capacity to tumor promotion as an emerging immune checkpoint, CD73 is an ideal therapeutic target for cancer treatment especially in combination with conventional therapy and/or other immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss the roles of CD73 on tumor and immune cells and will highlight the therapeutic value of CD73 for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejeon Roh
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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46
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D'Arrigo P, Tufano M, Rea A, Vigorito V, Novizio N, Russo S, Romano MF, Romano S. Manipulation of the Immune System for Cancer Defeat: A Focus on the T Cell Inhibitory Checkpoint Molecules. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2402-2448. [PMID: 30398102 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181106114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system actively counteracts the tumorigenesis process; a breakout of the immune system function, or its ability to recognize transformed cells, can favor cancer development. Cancer becomes able to escape from immune system control by using multiple mechanisms, which are only in part known at a cellular and molecular level. Among these mechanisms, in the last decade, the role played by the so-called "inhibitory immune checkpoints" is emerging as pivotal in preventing the tumor attack by the immune system. Physiologically, the inhibitory immune checkpoints work to maintain the self-tolerance and attenuate the tissue injury caused by pathogenic infections. Cancer cell exploits such immune-inhibitory molecules to contrast the immune intervention and induce tumor tolerance. Molecular agents that target these checkpoints represent the new frontier for cancer treatment. Despite the heterogeneity and multiplicity of molecular alterations among the tumors, the immune checkpoint targeted therapy has been shown to be helpful in selected and even histologically different types of cancer, and are currently being adopted against an increasing variety of tumors. The most frequently used is the moAb-based immunotherapy that targets the Programmed Cell Death 1 protein (PD-1), the PD-1 Ligand (PD-L1) or the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4). However, new therapeutic approaches are currently in development, along with the discovery of new immune checkpoints exploited by the cancer cell. This article aims to review the inhibitory checkpoints, which are known up to now, along with the mechanisms of cancer immunoediting. An outline of the immune checkpoint targeting approaches, also including combined immunotherapies and the existing trials, is also provided. Notwithstanding the great efforts devoted by researchers in the field of biomarkers of response, to date, no validated FDA-approved immunological biomarkers exist for cancer patients. We highlight relevant studies on predictive biomarkers and attempt to discuss the challenges in this field, due to the complex and largely unknown dynamic mechanisms that drive the tumor immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D'Arrigo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Tufano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Vigorito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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47
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Yu F, Zhu C, Xie Q, Wang Y. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12196-12212. [PMID: 32667814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the most promising therapeutic modality for cancer treatment is the blockade of immune checkpoint pathways, which has revolutionized cancer therapy in the past 15 years. Strategies targeting and modulating adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), an emerging alternative immune checkpoint, have shown the potential to produce significant therapeutic effects. In this review, we describe the immunosuppressive activities of A2AR and A2BR in the tumor microenvironment (TME), followed by a summary and discussion of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the A2AR (and dual A2AR/A2BR) antagonists that have been experimentally confirmed to exert oncoimmunological effects. This review also provides an update on the compounds under clinical evaluation and insights into the ligand binding modes of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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48
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Yao J, Cui Q, Fan W, Ma Y, Chen Y, Liu T, Zhang X, Xi Y, Wang C, Peng L, Luo Y, Lin A, Guo W, Lin L, Lin Y, Tan W, Lin D, Wu C, Wang J. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis in a mouse model deciphers cell transition states in the multistep development of esophageal cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3715. [PMID: 32709844 PMCID: PMC7381637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is prevalent in some geographical regions of the world. ESCC development presents a multistep pathogenic process from inflammation to invasive cancer; however, what is critical in these processes and how they evolve is largely unknown, obstructing early diagnosis and effective treatment. Here, we create a mouse model mimicking human ESCC development and construct a single-cell ESCC developmental atlas. We identify a set of key transitional signatures associated with oncogenic evolution of epithelial cells and depict the landmark dynamic tumorigenic trajectories. An early downregulation of CD8+ response against the initial tissue damage accompanied by the transition of immune response from type 1 to type 3 results in accumulation and activation of macrophages and neutrophils, which may create a chronic inflammatory environment that promotes carcinogen-transformed epithelial cell survival and proliferation. These findings shed light on how ESCC is initiated and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Yao
- School of Life Sciences and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghua Cui
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Fan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Chen
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiannian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Xi
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Linna Peng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Ai Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Guo
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China. .,CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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49
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Yang Y, Li C, Liu T, Dai X, Bazhin AV. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumors: From Mechanisms to Antigen Specificity and Microenvironmental Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1371. [PMID: 32793192 PMCID: PMC7387650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various immunological and non-immunological tumor-promoting activities of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), their immunosuppressive capacity remains a key hallmark. Effort in the past decade has provided us with a clearer view of the suppressive nature of MDSCs. More suppressive pathways have been identified, and their recognized targets have been expanded from T cells and natural killer (NK) cells to other immune cells. These novel mechanisms and targets afford MDSCs versatility in suppressing both innate and adaptive immunity. On the other hand, a better understanding of the regulation of their development and function has been unveiled. This intricate regulatory network, consisting of tumor cells, stromal cells, soluble mediators, and hostile physical conditions, reveals bi-directional crosstalk between MDSCs and the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we will review available information on how MDSCs exert their immunosuppressive function and how they are regulated in the tumor milieu. As MDSCs are a well-established obstacle to anti-tumor immunity, new insights in the potential synergistic combination of MDSC-targeted therapy and immunotherapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Dai
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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50
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The Adenosine System at the Crossroads of Intestinal Inflammation and Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145089. [PMID: 32708507 PMCID: PMC7403993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, resulting from the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Under adverse conditions, including hypoxia, ischemia, inflammation, or cancer, the extracellular levels of adenosine increase significantly. Once released, adenosine activates cellular signaling pathways through the engagement of the four known G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine A1 receptor subtype (A1), A2A, A2B, and A3. These receptors, expressed virtually on all immune cells, mitigate all aspects of immune/inflammatory responses. These immunosuppressive effects contribute to blunt the exuberant inflammatory responses, shielding cells, and tissues from an excessive immune response and immune-mediated damage. However, a prolonged persistence of increased adenosine concentrations can be deleterious, participating in the creation of an immunosuppressed niche, ideal for neoplasia onset and development. Based on this evidence, the present review has been conceived to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the involvement of adenosine system in shaping the molecular mechanisms underlying the enteric chronic inflammation and in promoting the generation of an immunosuppressive niche useful for the colorectal tumorigenesis.
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