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Tsatsu SK, Sutton GF, Serfontein L, Addison P, De Meyer M, Virgilio M, Manrakhan A. Distribution and host ranges of Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis quilicii (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 114:503-513. [PMID: 38817001 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Two fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species of economic importance: Ceratitis rosa Karsch and Ceratitis quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio are present in South Africa. The two species were considered as one species prior to 2016, but were subsequently separated. In this study, the distribution and abundance of the two species were quantified in seven provinces in South Africa through trapping with Enriched Ginger Oil as an attractant. Trapping was conducted over three seasons across two years (2020 and 2021): late summer, autumn-winter, and spring-early summer. Host ranges of the two species were investigated by fruit sampling in and outside of trapping sites. Ceratitis quilicii was more widely distributed than C. rosa with the latter being recorded in only three north-eastern provinces. There were geographical limits for both species with no records of them in Northern Cape Province. Catches of C. quilicii were higher in summer with average temperatures varying from 15 to 27°C while for C. rosa, catches remained low and consistent between seasons. Ceratitis quilicii catches decreased at lower rates than those of C. rosa at temperatures below 15°C. The two species were reared from 13 plant species from nine families. Four of these hosts were infested by both C. quilicii and C. rosa in the same province where they occurred. Preferred hosts of the two species belonged to the Myrtaceae family. The characterisation of the distribution, abundance and host ranges of these pests will provide a baseline for pest status determination and implementation of management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Kwaku Tsatsu
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Citrus Research International, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - Guy F Sutton
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | | | - Pia Addison
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Invertebrates Section, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | | | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Citrus Research International, Mbombela, South Africa
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Buonocore-Biancheri MJ, Wang X, Núñez-Campero SR, Suárez L, Schliserman P, Ponssa MD, Kirschbaum DS, Garcia FRM, Ovruski SM. The Population Dynamics and Parasitism Rates of Ceratitis capitata, Anastrepha fraterculus, and Drosophila suzukii in Non-Crop Hosts: Implications for the Management of Pest Fruit Flies. INSECTS 2024; 15:61. [PMID: 38249067 PMCID: PMC10817041 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the seasonal dynamics inherent to non-crop host-fruit fly-parasitoid interactions is vitally important for implementing eco-friendly pest control strategies. This study assessed the abundance and seasonal infestation levels of three pest fly species, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), as well as the related saprophytic drosophilids, and their natural parasitism in a disturbed wild habitat characterized by non-crop hosts in northwestern Argentina over 40 months. Juglans australis Griseb (walnut), Citrus aurantium L. (sour orange), Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindley (loquat), Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (peach), and Psydium guajava L. (guava) were sampled throughout their fruiting seasons. Fruits were collected from both the tree canopies and the ground. The most abundant puparia was A. fraterculus, followed by C. capitata and D. suzukii. Drosophila species from the D. melanogaster group were highly abundant only in fallen fruits. Spatiotemporal overlaps of different host fruit availability provided suitable sources for pest proliferation throughout the year. The populations of both invasive pests peaked from December to January, and were related to the highest ripe peach availability, whereas the A. fraterculus population peaked from February to April, overlapping with the guava fruiting period. The three pest fly species were parasitized mainly by three generalist resident parasitoids, which are potential biocontrol agents to use within an integrated pest management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Josefina Buonocore-Biancheri
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina; (M.J.B.-B.); (M.D.P.); (S.M.O.)
| | - Xingeng Wang
- USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Segundo Ricardo Núñez-Campero
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco, La Rioja 5301, Argentina;
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biología de la Conservación y Paleobiología, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (UNLaR), Av. Luis M. de la Fuente s/n., La Rioja 5300, Argentina
| | - Lorena Suárez
- Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Animal y Alimentos de San Juan (DSVAA)-Gobierno de la Provincia de San Juan, CONICET, Nazario Benavides 8000 Oeste, Rivadavia, San Juan J5413ZAD, Argentina;
- CCT CONICET San Juan, Argentina Av. Libertador Gral. San Martín 1109, San Juan J5400AR, Argentina
| | - Pablo Schliserman
- Centro Regional De Energía y Ambiente para el Desarrollo Sustentable (CREAS), CONICET-UNCA, Prado 366, de Catamarca 4700 SFV, Argentina;
| | - Marcos Darío Ponssa
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina; (M.J.B.-B.); (M.D.P.); (S.M.O.)
| | - Daniel Santiago Kirschbaum
- INTA Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Tucumán Ruta Prov. 301, km 32, Famaillá 4132, Argentina;
- Cátedra Horticultura, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Sergio Marcelo Ovruski
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina; (M.J.B.-B.); (M.D.P.); (S.M.O.)
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Manrakhan A, Daneel JH, Serfontein L, Mauda E, Sutton GF, Hattingh V. Efficacy of an existing Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) cold disinfestation treatment schedule for Ceratitis cosyra. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:779-789. [PMID: 37030002 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of an existing cold disinfestation postharvest treatment targeting Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) in citrus was determined for the marula fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker). The cold tolerances of C. capitata and C. cosyra were first quantified in artificial diet at 3.5 °C at different exposure periods for up to 18 days. Ceratitis capitata was found to be more cold tolerant than C. cosyra. At 3.5 °C, the duration to achieve 99.9968% mortality was calculated to be 11.57 days for C. capitata and 9.10 days for C. cosyra. Under an existing C. capitata cold treatment schedule at 1 °C for 14 days, the conditions required for complete mortality of the third larval stage of C. cosyra in orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Valencia, were then determined. No survivors of C. cosyra in oranges were recorded beyond 11 days of cold treatment at 1 °C. The efficacy of this C. capitata treatment for disinfestation of C. cosyra was thereafter confirmed in large scale trials in Valencia oranges. In the large-scale trial at the lowest mean temperature of 1.19 °C for 14 days, there were no survivors from a total of 85 490 treated C. cosyra third instars in oranges. Since C. capitata was shown to be more cold tolerant than C. cosyra and a large scale test demonstrated at least 99.9965% efficacy after 14 days at 1.19 °C, compared with the established effective C. capitata cold treatment of 14 days at 1.11 °C, cold disinfestation treatments for C. capitata should be at least equally effective against C. cosyra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Mbombela 1200, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - John-Henry Daneel
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Mbombela 1200, South Africa
| | - Leani Serfontein
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Mbombela 1200, South Africa
| | - Evans Mauda
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Mbombela 1200, South Africa
| | - Guy F Sutton
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Vaughan Hattingh
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Mbombela 1200, South Africa
- Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Pullock DA, Malod K, Manrakhan A, Weldon CW. Larval and adult diet affect phenotypic plasticity in thermal tolerance of the marula fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae). FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1122161. [PMID: 38469504 PMCID: PMC10926529 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1122161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Temperature fluctuations are important for the distribution and survival of insects. Rapid hardening, a type of phenotypic plasticity, is an adaptation that can help individuals better tolerate lethal temperatures because of earlier exposure to a sublethal but stressful temperature. Nutrition and sex are also known to influence a species ability to tolerate thermal stress. This study determined the effects of larval diet, adult diet, sex and hardening on the thermal tolerance of Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) at lower and upper lethal temperatures. Methods Larvae were raised on either an 8% torula yeast (high) or a 1% torula yeast (low) larval diet and then introduced to one of three dietary regimes as adults for thermal tolerance and hardening assays: no adult diet, sugar only, or sugar and hydrolysed yeast diet. Flies of known weight were then either heat- or cold-hardened for 2 hours before being exposed to a potentially lethal high or low temperature, respectively. Results Both nutrition and hardening as well as their interaction affected C. cosyra tolerance of stressful temperatures. However, this interaction was dependent on the type of stress, with nutrient restriction and possible adult dietary compensation resulting in improved cold temperature resistance only. Discussion The ability of the insect to both compensate for a low protein larval diet and undergo rapid cold hardening after a brief exposure to sublethal cold temperatures even when both the larva and the subsequent adult fed on low protein diets indicates that C. cosyra have a better chance of survival in environments with extreme temperature variability, particularly at low temperatures. However, there appears to be limitations to the ability of C. cosyra to cold harden and the species may be more at risk from long term chronic effects than from any exposure to acute thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Pullock
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kévin Malod
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International, Mbombela, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Christopher W. Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Sladonja B, Tlak Gajger I, Uzelac M, Poljuha D, Garau C, Landeka N, Barták M, Bacaro G. The Impact of Beehive Proximity, Human Activity and Agricultural Intensity on Diptera Diversity in a Mediterranean Mosaic of Agroecosystems, with a Focus on Pest Species. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061024. [PMID: 36978565 PMCID: PMC10044344 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diptera, with their participation in pollination, significantly contribute to the maintenance of plant diversity, and they also have great potential for assessing habitat health and preserving it. A decline in their abundance and diversity has been recorded worldwide as a consequence of biotic, abiotic, and anthropic alterations. In addition to pollinators, these orders include agricultural and forestry pests, which are a threat to both cultivated and wild plants that are very important to the economy. Many pests have escaped from their native areas, and it is important to monitor their spread to implement sustainable means of control. Our study provides baseline information on Diptera and Vespidae diversity in the Mediterranean mosaic of agroecosystems, giving information on the importance of human influence on insect diversity. We carried out an insect inventory in Istria, Croatia, using a set of traps placed in the proximity of beehives. This study was also important in determining the presence of pests and newly introduced species. A total of 94 species from 24 families were recorded—7 important agricultural pests of Diptera and 17 new records for Croatia. The correlation between species diversity and environmental and anthropogenic factors leads to the conclusion that total insect species richness, pest species richness, and the first findings depend on human activities. The number of honeybee colonies negatively correlated with species richness, while anthropic influence positively affected total and pest species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sladonja
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tlak Gajger
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-91-2390-041
| | - Mirela Uzelac
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Danijela Poljuha
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Clara Garau
- Department of Life and Environment Botanical Section, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nediljko Landeka
- Public Health Institute of the Istrian Region, Nazorova 23, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Barták
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Bacaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Nanga Nanga S, Hanna R, Fotso Kuate A, Fiaboe KKM, Nchoutnji I, Ndjab M, Gnanvossou D, Mohamed SA, Ekesi S, Djieto-Lordon C. Tephritid Fruit Fly Species Composition, Seasonality, and Fruit Infestations in Two Central African Agro-Ecological Zones. INSECTS 2022; 13:1045. [PMID: 36421948 PMCID: PMC9695843 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera dorsalis and several Africa-native Ceratitis species are serious constraints to fruit production in sub-Saharan Africa. A long-term trapping and fruit collection study was conducted (2011-2016) in two contrasting agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Cameroon to determine fruit fly species composition, seasonality, attraction to various lures and baits, and fruit infestation levels. Ten tephritid species from genera Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus, and Perilampsis were captured in traps. Bactrocera dorsalis was the most dominant of the trapped species and persisted throughout the year, with peak populations in May-June. Ceratitis spp. were less abundant than B. dorsalis, with Ceratitis anonae dominating in the western highland zone and Ceratitis cosyra in the humid forest zone. Methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate captured more B. dorsalis and Ceratitis spp., respectively than Torula yeast. The latter was the most effective food bait on all tephritid species compared with BioLure and Mazoferm. Bactrocera dorsalis was the dominant species emerging from incubated fruits, particularly mango, guava, and wild mango. Four plant species-I. wombolu, Dacryodes edulis, Voacanga Africana and Trichoscypha abut-were new host records for B. dorsalis. This study is the first long-duration and comprehensive assessment of frugivorous tephritid species composition, fruit infestations, and seasonality in Central Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nanga Nanga
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 2008, Cameroon
| | - Rachid Hanna
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 2008, Cameroon
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Apollin Fotso Kuate
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 2008, Cameroon
| | - Komi K. M. Fiaboe
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 2008, Cameroon
| | - Ibrahim Nchoutnji
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Foumbot P.O. Box 163, Cameroon
| | - Michel Ndjab
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 2008, Cameroon
| | - Désiré Gnanvossou
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Tri Postal 08 P.O. 0932, Benin
| | - Samira A. Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Champlain Djieto-Lordon
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
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Andrews KJ, Bester R, Manrakhan A, Maree HJ. A multiplex PCR assay for the identification of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of economic importance in South Africa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13089. [PMID: 35906478 PMCID: PMC9338231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species, Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis cosyra, Ceratitis rosa, Ceratitis quilicii, and Bactrocera dorsalis are of economic importance in South Africa. These agricultural pests cause extensive damage to a range of commercially produced fruit, primarily for export. These pests are of phytosanitary significance, and their presence in fruit-producing regions in South Africa has led to restrictions in export trade of fresh produce. Accurate identification of these flies, particularly at immature stages intercepted in fruit consignments originating from South Africa, is essential but remains an ongoing challenge. A rapid and accurate identification assay to differentiate these five species is needed for inspection and pest surveillance. High throughput sequencing data were generated for each of the five fruit fly species, and five sets of species-specific primers were designed for use in a multiplex PCR. Each primer set amplifies an amplicon of a different size for each species allowing for accurate identification. PCR sensitivity tests demonstrate that the limit of detection for this assay is 10 ng and 4 ng of DNA when extracted from larvae and adult specimens, respectively. The assay developed can be applied in fruit inspection and survey activities within the country and at ports of entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey J Andrews
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Rachelle Bester
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 2201, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Mbombela, 1200, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Hans J Maree
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 2201, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Pogue T, Malod K, Weldon CW. Patterns of Remating Behaviour in Ceratitis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Species of Varying Lifespan. Front Physiol 2022; 13:824768. [PMID: 35197865 PMCID: PMC8859485 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.824768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trade-offs between life-history traits offset the energetic costs of maintaining fitness in complex environments. Ceratitis species have been recorded to have long lifespans, which may have evolved in response to seasonal resource fluctuation. It is thus likely that reproductive patterns have evolved concomitantly as part of the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction. In this study, we investigated how reproductive patterns differ between Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann; Diptera: Tephritidae), two species with different average and maximum lifespans. Females of both species were mated and patterns of female survival, fecundity, remating and sperm storage were tested. Ceratitis cosyra had a higher rate of survival and a lower fecundity when compared with the shorter-lived C. capitata, suggesting that both species exhibit a trade-off between lifespan and reproduction. Both species showed a similar and consistent willingness to remate, despite declines in sperm storage, suggesting that sperm alone does not fully inhibit remating. As expected, C. cosyra transferred high numbers of sperm during the first mating. However, sperm stores declined unexpectedly by 14 days. This indicates that males might transfer large ejaculates as a nuptial gift, that females then later degrade as a source of nutrients. Large declines in sperm storage may also indicate that females discard excess sperm stores due to the toxicity involved with storing sperm. These results do not suggest that patterns of sperm storage and remating align with lifespan and resource seasonality in these species, but a wider range of species needs to be assessed to better understand variation in Ceratitis mating systems.
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Rasolofoarivao H, Raveloson Ravaomanarivo LH, Delatte H. Host plant ranges of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Madagascar. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:1-12. [PMID: 35225174 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is one of the major farming activities, representing 32% of the gross domestic product of Madagascar and 74.3% of the population is involved in this activity. Fruit flies of the Tephritidae family are considered as the most destructive pests for agriculture in the country, nevertheless, few data exist on host plants and distribution of those pests. In the present study, we address those questions by conducting a large survey between November 2016 and July 2018 across the six agroecological regions of Madagascar. Fruit and vegetable were sampled from 198 plant species (wild and cultivated) and represented 37,965 fruits from all regions of Madagascar. The infestation index ranged from 0.06 to 538.46 pupae/kg, the infestation percentage was up to 54.84% in some samples, 63 plant species were considered as host of Tephritidae. Twelve fruit fly species were identified, seven of which were previously described as endemic, five species could be considered as widespread (altitudinal gradients between 1 and 1634 m asl) and major pests in Madagascar: Ceratitis malgassa (23 plant species from 12 families), Neoceratitis cyanescens (16 plant species from one family), Bactrocera dorsalis (18 plant species from 12 families), Dacus demmerezi (ten plant species from one family), Dacus vertebratus (six species from one family). Those results are of importance for implementation of control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rasolofoarivao
- Département d'Entomologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, B.P.: 906, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - L H Raveloson Ravaomanarivo
- Département d'Entomologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, B.P.: 906, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - H Delatte
- CIRAD UMR PVBMT, Ambatobe, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
- FOFIFA CENRADERU-DRA Ambatobe, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
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R. El-Gend I, Villanueva JA, M. Nassar AA. Phenology of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) under Egyptian Agroecosystems in Four Horticultural Crops. ECOLOGIA 2022; 12:15-24. [DOI: 10.3923/ecologia.2022.15.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Malod K, Roets PD, Bosua H, Archer CR, Weldon CW. Selecting on age of female reproduction affects lifespan in both sexes and age-dependent reproductive effort in female (but not male) Ceratitis cosyra. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Manrakhan A, Daneel JH, Beck R, Love CN, Gilbert MJ, Virgilio M, De Meyer M. Effects of male lure dispensers and trap types for monitoring of Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2219-2230. [PMID: 33345441 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attractant-based trapping is used in the establishment of pest-free areas and areas of low pest prevalence for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Male lures are commonly used attractants in fruit fly trapping. In this study, the effects of male lure dispensers, traps and combinations of dispensers and traps on monitoring of two fruit fly pests, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were investigated in South Africa. RESULTS In the male-lure-based trapping systems evaluated, trimedlure (TML) for C. capitata and methyl eugenol (ME) for B. dorsalis, the type of dispenser affected catches for both species. Higher catches of B. dorsalis males were recorded in bucket traps baited with a dispenser containing 15 g ME compared with traps baited with dispensers containing either 4 g ME or 2 g ME. Catches of C. capitata males were higher with dispensers containing TML than those with TML plus extender (Capilure®). The type of trap used with TML also influenced catches of C. capitata with higher numbers recorded in yellow Delta trap compared with the Sensus bucket trap. CONCLUSIONS Dispensers with higher ME loadings are more effective for monitoring of B. dorsalis. The yellow Delta trap baited with TML (without extender) would be an effective monitoring system for C. capitata. Fruit fly prevalence levels as determined by specific trapping systems should be related to their efficiency in terms of catches of the target pests. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rooikie Beck
- Citrus Research International, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - Claire N Love
- Citrus Research International, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Martin J Gilbert
- Citrus Research International, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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Salazar-Mendoza P, Peralta-Aragón I, Romero-Rivas L, Salamanca J, Rodriguez-Saona C. The abundance and diversity of fruit flies and their parasitoids change with elevation in guava orchards in a tropical Andean forest of Peru, independent of seasonality. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250731. [PMID: 33901258 PMCID: PMC8075242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower elevations are generally thought to contain a greater abundance and diversity of insect communities and their natural enemies than higher elevations. It is less clear, however, how changes in seasons influence this pattern. We conducted a 2-year study (2013‒2014) in guava orchards located in a tropical Andean forest of Peru to investigate differences in fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoid communities at two elevations and over two seasons. Fruit fly traps were installed, monitored, and guava fruits were sampled from eight orchards at low (800–950 m above sea level) and high (1,700–1,900 m above sea level) elevations and during the dry and rainy seasons. At each orchard, adult fruit fly trap captures and emergence of fruit flies and their parasitoids from guava fruit were quantified to determine their abundance and species composition. There was a greater abundance and species richness of fruit flies captured in traps at lower elevations, as well as higher abundance and species evenness of fruit flies that emerged from fruit, indicating that lower elevations are associated with larger fruit fly populations. The abundance, species richness and diversity of parasitoids were also greater at lower elevations. Consequently, guava fruit infestation and fruit fly parasitism rates were also greater at lower elevations. Seasonality also influenced fruit fly populations with a greater number of flies emerging from guava fruit and more fruit infested in the rainy season. However, seasonality had no effect on parasitoid population parameters or rate of parasitism, nor did it interact with elevation as an influence of populations of fruit flies or their parasitoids in guava orchards. This study highlights the importance of examining both elevation and seasonality for a better understanding of the population dynamics of fruit flies and their parasitoids in tropical agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Salazar-Mendoza
- Departmento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivan Peralta-Aragón
- Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, filial Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Ladislao Romero-Rivas
- Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, filial Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Jordano Salamanca
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University P.E. Marucci Center, Chatsworth, New Jersey, United States of America
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14
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Stappen I, Wanner J, Tabanca N, Bernier UR, Kendra PE. Blue Tansy Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Repellent Activity Against Aedes aegypti and Attractant Activity for Ceratitis capitata. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21990194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue tansy essential oil (BTEO) ( Tanacetum annuum L.) was analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID using two different capillary column stationary phases. Sabinene (14.0%), camphor (13.6%), myrcene (8.0%), β-pinene (7.7%), and chamazulene (6.9%) were the main components using an SE52 column (non-polar). On a polar CW20M phase column, sabinene (15.1%), camphor (14.4%), α-phellandrene (7.9%), β-pinene (7.7%), and myrcene (6.9%) were the most abundant compounds. To assess the oil for potential applications in integrated pest management strategies, behavioral bioassays were conducted to test for repellency against yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, and for attractant activity for Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Results showed that BTEO was not effective in repelling Ae. aegypti (minimum effective dosage [MED]: 0.625 ± 0.109 mg/cm2 compared with the standard insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). In assays with male C. capitata, BTEO displayed mild attraction compared with two positive controls (essential oils from tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia and African ginger bush Tetradenia riparia). Additional studies are needed to identify the specific attractant chemicals in BTEO and to determine if they confer a synergistic effect when combined with other known attractants for C. capitata. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of BTEO for repellency against the mosquito vector Ae. aegypti and for attractancy to C. capitata, a major agricultural pest worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Stappen
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen Wanner
- Kurt Kitzing GmbH, Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, Wallerstein, Germany
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ulrich R. Bernier
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul E. Kendra
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL, USA
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15
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Bayoumy MH, Michaud JP, Badr FAA, Ghanim NM. Validation of degree-day models for predicting the emergence of two fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northeast Egypt. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:153-164. [PMID: 31904897 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We estimated thermal developmental thresholds (T0 ) and degree-day (DD) constants for the immature stages of two tephritid pests, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and Ceratitis capitata (Weidenmann). Males of both species were trapped in an Egyptian guava orchard during the fruiting seasons of 2016 and 2017 and trap catches were compared with peak flights predicted by the DD model based on local weather data. Ceratitis capitata had faster development than B. zonata at 20 and 25 °C, but their overall developmental rate was similar at 30 and 35 °C. The thermal threshold of development (T0 ) of B. zonata was higher than that of C. capitata, indicating greater sensitivity to cold. Although 35 °C yielded the fastest development of both species, survival was higher at 30 °C, with B. zonata experiencing a slight advantage, suggesting better tropical adaptation. Immature development of B. zonata and C. capitata was estimated to require 338 and 373 d, respectively, and 616 and 424 DD for a complete generation. Trap catches over both seasons showed good correspondence to peaks of fly activity predicted by the DD models; deviations from expectation ranged from 0 to 7 d for both fly species. Both species had four overlapping generations per season, with B. zonata abundance peaking in the first generation in both years, but only in 2016 for C. capitata. The models predict about eight and 12 generations per year in northeast Egypt for B. zonata and C. capitata, respectively. These models should be useful for timing pest control measures to coincide with periods of peak fly activity in fruit orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Bayoumy
- Faculty of Agriculture, Economic Entomology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, Kansas, USA
| | - Faten A A Badr
- Agricultural Research Center, Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokky, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nabil M Ghanim
- Agricultural Research Center, Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokky, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Zida I, Nacro S, Dabiré R, Moquet L, Delatte H, Somda I. Host range and species diversity of Tephritidae of three plant formations in Western Burkina Faso. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:732-742. [PMID: 32482179 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Western Burkina Faso, the host range of fruit flies was evaluated in three plant formations between May 2017 and April 2019. Samples of 61 potential hosts were collected and incubated for fruit fly emergence. Twenty-seven hosts including cultivated and wild fruit were identified. Among cultivated fruit species, mango, and guava were the most infested while high infestation incidences were observed in the fruit of the indigenous plants Vitellaria paradoxa, Annona senegalensis, Sarcocephalus latifolius, and Saba senegalensis. Low infestation rates were observed in Anacardium occidentale, Citrus species, Opilia celtidifolia, and Cissus populnea. The highest infestation index (1648.57 flies kg-1) was observed from V. paradoxa. Eleven new host fruit infested with many fruit fly species are reported in Burkina Faso. A total of 18 fruit fly species were reared; Bactrocera dorsalis (42.94%), Ceratitis cosyra (29.93%), and Ceratitis silvestrii (22.33%) dominated those that emerged. Four fruit fly species have been detected for the first time in Burkina Faso. The main suitable fruit hosts are abundant and available from May through August during the rainy season and become rare and have low infestation from November to April during the dry season. This is the first study of its kind in the region. This study shows that the three plant formations had an impact on population dynamics of the three tephritid species of economic importance in Western Burkina Faso. This information should be integrated into the development of a fruit fly pests management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issaka Zida
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Station de Farako-bâ, 01 BP 910 Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Université Nazi BONI, 01 BP 1091, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Souleymane Nacro
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Station de Kamboinsé, 01 BP 476 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Rémy Dabiré
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Station de Farako-bâ, 01 BP 910 Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Laura Moquet
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Hélène Delatte
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Irénée Somda
- Université Nazi BONI, 01 BP 1091, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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17
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Pieterse W, Manrakhan A, Terblanche JS, Addison P. Comparative demography of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on deciduous fruit. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:185-194. [PMID: 31559937 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) are highly polyphagous fruit fly species and important pests of commercial fruit in regions of the world where they are present. In South Africa, B. dorsalis is now established in the north and northeastern parts of the country. B. dorsalis is currently absent in other parts of the country including the Western Cape Province which is an important area for the production of deciduous fruit. C. capitata is widespread in South Africa and is the dominant pest of deciduous fruit. The demographic parameters of B. dorsalis and C. capitata on four deciduous fruit types Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Prunus domestica L., Malus domestica Borkh. and Pyrus communis L. were studied to aid in predicting the potential population establishment and growth of B. dorsalis in a deciduous fruit growing environment. All deciduous fruit types tested were suitable for population persistence of both B. dorsalis and C. capitata. Development was fastest and survival highest on nectarine for both species. B. dorsalis adults generally lived longer than those of C. capitata, irrespective of the fruit types that they developed from. B. dorsalis had a higher net reproductive rate (Ro) on all deciduous fruit tested compared to C. capitata. However, the intrinsic rate of population increase was estimated to be higher for C. capitata than for B. dorsalis on all fruit types tested primarily due to C. capitata's faster generation time. Provided abiotic conditions are optimal, B. dorsalis would be able to establish and grow in deciduous fruit growing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welma Pieterse
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Plant Quarantine Station, Stellenbosch7600, South Africa
| | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Nelspruit1200, South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pia Addison
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Virgilio M, Daneel JH, Manrakhan A, Delatte H, Meganck K, De Meyer M. An integrated diagnostic setup for the morphological and molecular identification of the Ceratitis FAR complex (C. anonae, C. fasciventris, C. rosa, C. quilicii, Diptera, Tephritidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:376-382. [PMID: 30203730 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Ceratitis FAR complex (Diptera, Tephritidae) includes four economically important frugivorous flies (Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis quilicii, Ceratitis rosa) whose immature stages and adult females cannot be properly resolved through morphological identification. In order to develop a simplified molecular tool for the identification of two of these species (C. rosa, C. quilicii), we selected a subset of six microsatellite markers out of a panel of 16 loci that were previously developed for the molecular differentiation of the taxa within the complex. These six markers were first tested in silico and then used for the actual genotyping of C. quilicii and C. rosa, resulting in the correct identification of all male reference specimens. Here, we propose an integrated morphological and molecular setup for the identification of the four species of the FAR complex. The decision map relies on preliminary DNA barcoding or morphological identification (when possible) to exclude species not belonging to the complex followed by (a) morphological identification of all adult male specimens and female C. anonae, (b) molecular identification via a panel of 16 microsatellite markers for immature stages, damaged vouchers and samples potentially including adult female C. fasciventris/C. quilicii/C. rosa and (c) molecular identification via a reduced panel of six microsatellite markers for samples including only C. quilicii and C. rosa. This simplified diagnostic setup was profitably implemented in the framework of the ERAfrica fruit fly project and will help correctly identify species within the FAR complex for their early detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Virgilio
- Royal Museum for Central Africa,Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren,Belgium
| | - J-H Daneel
- Citrus Research International,P.O Box 28, Nelspruit 1200,South Africa
| | - A Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International,P.O Box 28, Nelspruit 1200,South Africa
| | - H Delatte
- CIRAD-UMR PVBMT,CIRAD-3P, Saint Pierre,France
| | - K Meganck
- Royal Museum for Central Africa,Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren,Belgium
| | - M De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa,Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren,Belgium
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19
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Tanga CM, Khamis FM, Tonnang HEZ, Rwomushana I, Mosomtai G, Mohamed SA, Ekesi S. Risk assessment and spread of the potentially invasive Ceratitis rosa Karsch and Ceratitis quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio sp. Nov. using life-cycle simulation models: Implications for phytosanitary measures and management. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189138. [PMID: 29304084 PMCID: PMC5755740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrative taxonomy has resolved the species status of the potentially invasive Ceratitis rosa Karsch into two separate species with distinct ecological requirements: C. rosa “lowland type” and the newly described species Ceratitis quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio sp. nov. “highland type”. Both species are tephritid pests threatening the production of horticultural crops in Africa and beyond. Studies were carried out by constructing thermal reaction norms for each life stage of both species at constant and fluctuating temperatures. Non-linear functions were fitted to continuously model species development, mortality, longevity and oviposition to establish phenology models that were stochastically simulated to estimate the life table parameters of each species. For spatial analysis of pest risk, three generic risk indices were visualized using the advanced Insect Life Cycle Modeling software. The study revealed that the highest fecundity, intrinsic rate of natural increase and net reproductive rate for C. rosa and C. quilicii was at 25 and 30°C, respectively. The resulting model successfully fits the known distribution of C. rosa and C. quilicii in Africa and the two Indian Ocean islands of La Réunion and Mauritius. Globally, the model highlights the substantial invasion risk posed by C. rosa and C. quilicii to cropping regions in the Americas, Australia, India, China, Southeast Asia, Europe, and West and Central Africa. However, the proportion of the regions predicted to be climatically suitable for both pests is narrower for C. rosa in comparison with C. quilicii, suggesting that C. quilicii will be more tolerant to a wider range of climatic conditions than C. rosa. This implies that these pests are of significant concern to biosecurity agencies in the uninvaded regions. Therefore, these findings provide important information to enhance monitoring/surveillance and designing pest management strategies to limit the spread and reduce their impact in the invaded range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysantus Mbi Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Henri E. Z. Tonnang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ivan Rwomushana
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gladys Mosomtai
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samira A. Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
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20
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Malod K, Archer CR, Hunt J, Nicolson SW, Weldon CW. Effects of macronutrient intake on the lifespan and fecundity of the marula fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Tephritidae): Extreme lifespan in a host specialist. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:9808-9817. [PMID: 29188010 PMCID: PMC5696426 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, lifespan and reproduction are strongly associated with nutrition. The ratio and amount of nutrients individuals consume affect their life expectancy and reproductive investment. The geometric framework (GF) enables us to explore how animals regulate their intake of multiple nutrients simultaneously and determine how these nutrients interact to affect life-history traits of interest. Studies using the GF on host-generalist tephritid flies have highlighted trade-offs between longevity and reproductive effort in females, mediated by the protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio that individuals consume. Here, we tested how P and C intake affect lifespan (LS) in both sexes, and female lifetime (LEP), and daily (DEP) egg production, in Ceratitis cosyra, a host-specialist tephritid fly. We then determined the P:C ratio that C. cosyra defends when offered a choice of foods. Female LS was optimized at a 0:1 P:C ratio, whereas to maximize their fecundity, females needed to consume a higher P:C ratio (LEP = 1:6 P:C; DEP = 1:2.5 P:C). In males, LS was also optimized at a low P:C ratio of 1:10. However, when given the opportunity to regulate their intake, both sexes actively defended a 1:3 P:C ratio, which is closer to the target for DEP than either LS or LEP. Our results show that female C. cosyra experienced a moderate trade-off between LS and fecundity. Moreover, the diets that maximized expression of LEP and DEP were of lower P:C ratio than those required for optimal expression of these traits in host-generalist tephritids or other generalist insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Malod
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall UK
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall UK.,School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Susan W Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
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Mcinnis D, Hendrichs J, Shelly T, Barr N, Hoffman K, Rodriguez R, Lance D, Bloem K, Suckling D, Enkerlin W, Gomes P, Tan K. Can Polyphagous Invasive Tephritid Pest Populations Escape Detection for Years Under Favorable Climatic and Host Conditions? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ae/tmx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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22
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Flores S, Montoya P, Ruiz-Montoya L, Villaseñor A, Valle A, Enkerlin W, Liedo P. Population Fluctuation of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) as a Function of Altitude in Eastern Guatemala. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:802-811. [PMID: 27247307 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Population fluctuations of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were evaluated over a period of 12 mo in four altitudinal strata (400-750, 750-1,100, 1,100-1,450, and 1,450-1,800 meters above sea level, masl) in Eastern Guatemala. Within each altitudinal range, sampling plots were established in coffee plantations and adjacent areas, in which Jackson traps were set and baited with Trimedlure. Coffee berries and other host fruits were collected. Population density was lowest at the 400-750 masl stratum and highest at 1,450-1,800 masl. At every altitudinal range, the fluctuations of the pest were associated mainly with the availability of ripe coffee berries as a primary host. From 750-1,450 masl, the pest was also associated with the availability of sweet orange and mandarins in commercial and backyard orchards. The highest densities of the pest were recorded in the dry season. Citrus were the main alternate host where ripe coffee berries were not available. This knowledge on population dynamics of C. capitata will contribute to develop more effective area-wide pest management strategies including the use of sterile insects, natural enemies, and bait sprays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Flores
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico (; ), Moscafrut Program SAGARPA-IICA Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico ,
| | - P Montoya
- Moscafrut Program SAGARPA-IICA Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - L Ruiz-Montoya
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - A Villaseñor
- Co-direction of Regional Medfly Program Mexico - Guatemala - USA (; ; ), and
| | - A Valle
- Co-direction of Regional Medfly Program Mexico - Guatemala - USA (; ; ), and
| | - W Enkerlin
- Co-direction of Regional Medfly Program Mexico - Guatemala - USA (; ; ), and Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico (; )
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23
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Karsten M, Addison P, Jansen van Vuuren B, Terblanche JS. Investigating population differentiation in a major African agricultural pest: evidence from geometric morphometrics and connectivity suggests high invasion potential. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3019-32. [PMID: 27085997 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The distribution, spatial pattern and population dynamics of a species can be influenced by differences in the environment across its range. Spatial variation in climatic conditions can cause local populations to undergo disruptive selection and ultimately result in local adaptation. However, local adaptation can be constrained by gene flow and may favour resident individuals over migrants-both are factors critical to the assessment of invasion potential. The Natal fruit fly (Ceratitis rosa) is a major agricultural pest in Africa with a history of island invasions, although its range is largely restricted to south east Africa. Across Africa, C. rosa is genetically structured into two clusters (R1 and R2), with these clusters occurring sympatrically in the north of South Africa. The spatial distribution of these genotypic clusters remains unexamined despite their importance for understanding the pest's invasion potential. Here, C. rosa, sampled from 22 South African locations, were genotyped at 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and assessed morphologically using geometric morphometric wing shape analyses to investigate patterns of population structure and determine connectedness of pest-occupied sites. Our results show little to no intraspecific (population) differentiation, high population connectivity, high effective population sizes and only one morphological type (R2) within South Africa. The absence of the R1 morphotype at sites where it was previously found may be a consequence of differences in thermal niches of the two morphotypes. Overall, our results suggest high invasion potential of this species, that area-wide pest management should be undertaken on a country-wide scale, and that border control is critical to preventing further invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karsten
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - P Addison
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - B Jansen van Vuuren
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Zoology Laboratory, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - J S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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24
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Tanga CM, Manrakhan A, Daneel JH, Mohamed SA, Fathiya K, Ekesi S. Comparative analysis of development and survival of two Natal fruit fly Ceratitis rosa Karsch (Diptera, Tephritidae) populations from Kenya and South Africa. Zookeys 2015:467-87. [PMID: 26798273 PMCID: PMC4714083 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.540.9906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative analysis of development and survivorship of two geographically divergent populations of the Natal fruit fly Ceratitis rosa Karsch designated as Ceratitis rosa R1 and Ceratitis rosa R2 from Kenya and South Africa were studied at seven constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 33, 35 °C). Temperature range for development and survival of both populations was 15-35 °C. The developmental duration was found to significantly decrease with increasing temperature for Ceratitis rosa R1 and Ceratitis rosa R2 from both countries. Survivorship of all the immature stages of Ceratitis rosa R1 and Ceratitis rosa R2 from Kenya was highest over the range of 20-30 °C (87-95%) and lowest at 15 and 35 °C (61-76%). Survivorship of larvae of Ceratitis rosa R1 and Ceratitis rosa R2 from South Africa was lowest at 35 °C (22%) and 33 °C (0.33%), respectively. Results from temperature summation models showed that Ceratitis rosa R2 (egg, larva and pupa) from both countries were better adapted to low temperatures than R1, based on lower developmental threshold. Minimum larval temperature threshold for Kenyan populations were 11.27 °C and 6.34 °C (R1 and R2, respectively) compared to 8.99 °C and 7.74 °C (R1 and R2, respectively) for the South African populations. Total degree-day (DD) accumulation for the Kenyan populations were estimated at 302.75 (Ceratitis rosa R1) and 413.53 (Ceratitis rosa R2) compared to 287.35 (Ceratitis rosa R1) and 344.3 (Ceratitis rosa R2) for the South African populations. These results demonstrate that Ceratitis rosa R1 and Ceratitis rosa R2 from both countries were physiologically distinct in their response to different temperature regimes and support the existence of two genetically distinct populations of Ceratitis rosa. It also suggests the need for taxonomic revision of Ceratitis rosa, however, additional information on morphological characterization of Ceratitis rosa R1 and Ceratitis rosa R2 is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysantus M Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
| | - John-Henry Daneel
- Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Khamis Fathiya
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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25
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Lozano-Tovar MD, Garrido-Jurado I, Lafont F, Quesada-Moraga E. Insecticidal Activity of a Destruxin-Containing Extract of Metarhizium brunneum Against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:462-472. [PMID: 26470157 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tephritid fruit flies are major pests that limit fruit production around the world; they cause important damages, increasing directly and indirectly annual costs, and their management is predominately based on the use of chemical insecticides. This research investigated the insecticidal activity of the crude extract obtained of Metarhizium brunneum Petch EAMb 09/01-Su strain and its capacity to secrete secondary metabolites including destruxins (dtx). Dtx A and A2 had insecticidal activity against Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) when administered per os. The crude extract of seven Metarhizium and one Beauveria isolates were evaluated per os against medfly adults. The crude extracts of the isolate EAMb 09/01-Su resulted in mortality ranging between 95 and 100% at 48 h. The high-pressure liquid chromatography profile showed two active peaks (F5B and F6 subfractions) related with dtx A2 and dtx A, which caused 70 and 100% mortality on C. capitata at 48 h postfeeding, respectively. The LC50 was 104.92 ppm of dtx A, contained in the F6 subfraction, and the LT50 was 4.16 h at a concentration of 400 ppm of dtx A contained in the F6 subfraction. Moreover, the average survival time of adults exposed to this subfraction was 12.6 h with only 1 h of exposure. The insecticide metabolites of the F6 subfraction of the EAMb 09/01-Su isolate retained >90% of its insecticidal activity after exposure to 60°C for 2 h and 120°C for 20 min. These results highlight the potential of this strain as a source of new insecticidal compounds of natural origin for fruit fly control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Lozano-Tovar
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales. Edificio C4 Celestino Mutis. 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - I Garrido-Jurado
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales. Edificio C4 Celestino Mutis. 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - F Lafont
- Mass Spectrometry & Chromatography Lab-SCAI, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales. Edificio Ramon y Cajal. 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - E Quesada-Moraga
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales. Edificio C4 Celestino Mutis. 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
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