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Jobe NB, Franz NM, Johnston MA, Malone AB, Ruberto I, Townsend J, Will JB, Yule KM, Paaijmans KP. The Mosquito Fauna of Arizona: Species Composition and Public Health Implications. INSECTS 2024; 15:432. [PMID: 38921147 PMCID: PMC11203593 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Arizona is home to many mosquito species, some of which are known vectors of infectious diseases that harm both humans and animals. Here, we provide an overview of the 56 mosquito species that have been identified in the State to date, but also discuss their known feeding preference and the diseases they can (potentially) transmit to humans and animals. This list is unlikely to be complete for several reasons: (i) Arizona's mosquitoes are not systematically surveyed in many areas, (ii) surveillance efforts often target specific species of interest, and (iii) doubts have been raised by one or more scientists about the accuracy of some collection records, which has been noted in this article. There needs to be an integrated and multifaceted surveillance approach that involves entomologists and epidemiologists, but also social scientists, wildlife ecologists, ornithologists, representatives from the agricultural department, and irrigation and drainage districts. This will allow public health officials to (i) monitor changes in current mosquito species diversity and abundance, (ii) monitor the introduction of new or invasive species, (iii) identify locations or specific populations that are more at risk for mosquito-borne diseases, and (iv) effectively guide vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndey Bassin Jobe
- The Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (N.B.J.); (A.B.M.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Nico M. Franz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Murray A. Johnston
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Adele B. Malone
- The Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (N.B.J.); (A.B.M.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
- Vector Control Division, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, Phoenix, AZ 85009, USA; (J.T.); (J.B.W.)
| | - Irene Ruberto
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ 85007, USA;
| | - John Townsend
- Vector Control Division, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, Phoenix, AZ 85009, USA; (J.T.); (J.B.W.)
| | - James B. Will
- Vector Control Division, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, Phoenix, AZ 85009, USA; (J.T.); (J.B.W.)
| | - Kelsey M. Yule
- Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Krijn P. Paaijmans
- The Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (N.B.J.); (A.B.M.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
- Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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Msellemu D, Tanner M, Yadav R, Moore SJ. Occupational exposure to malaria, leishmaniasis and arbovirus vectors in endemic regions: A systematic review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2024; 6:100185. [PMID: 39027087 PMCID: PMC11252614 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases, including dengue, leishmaniasis and malaria, may be more common among individuals whose occupations or behaviours bring them into frequent contact with these disease vectors outside of their homes. A systematic review was conducted to ascertain at-risk occupations and situations that put individuals at increased risk of exposure to these disease vectors in endemic regions and identify the most suitable interventions for each exposure. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines on articles published between 1945 and October 2021, searched in 16 online databases. The primary outcome was incidence or prevalence of dengue, leishmaniasis or malaria. The review excluded ecological and qualitative studies, abstracts only, letters, commentaries, reviews, and studies of laboratory-acquired infections. Studies were appraised, data extracted, and a descriptive analysis conducted. Bite interventions for each risk group were assessed. A total of 1170 articles were screened and 99 included. Malaria, leishmaniasis and dengue were presented in 47, 41 and 24 articles, respectively; some articles presented multiple conditions. The most represented populations were soldiers, 38% (43 of 112 studies); refugees and travellers, 15% (17) each; migrant workers, 12.5% (14); miners, 9% (10); farmers, 5% (6); rubber tappers and missionaries, 1.8% (2) each; and forest workers, 0.9% (1). Risk of exposure was categorised into round-the-clock or specific times of day/night dependent on occupation. Exposure to these vectors presents a critical and understudied concern for outdoor workers and mobile populations. When devising interventions to provide round-the-clock vector bite protection, two populations are considered. First, mobile populations, characterized by their high mobility, may find potential benefits in insecticide-treated clothing, though more research and optimization are essential. Treated clothing offers personal vector protection and holds promise for economically disadvantaged individuals, especially when enabling them to self-treat their clothing to repel vectors. Secondly, semi-permanent and permanent settlement populations can receive a combination of interventions that offer both personal and community protection, including spatial repellents, suitable for extended stays. Existing research is heavily biased towards tourism and the military, diverting attention and resources from vulnerable populations where these interventions are most required like refugee populations as well as those residing in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Msellemu
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rajpal Yadav
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Academy of Public Health Entomology, Udaipur, 313 002, India
| | - Sarah J. Moore
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania
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Argotte-Ramos R, Cime-Castillo J, Vargas V, Lanz-Mendoza H, Rodriguez MH, Rodriguez MC. Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) as a tool to detect NS1 of dengue virus serotype 2 in female Aedes aegypti eggs for the surveillance of dengue fever transmission. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29329. [PMID: 38681627 PMCID: PMC11053180 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a significant disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. The disease is caused by four virus (DENV) serotypes and is transmitted to humans by female Aedes aegypti mosquito bites infected with the virus and vertically to their progeny. Current strategies to control dengue transmission focus on the vector. In this study, we describe an indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), using a monoclonal antibody against the non-structural dengue virus protein 1 (NS1), to detect DENV2 in Ae. aegypti eggs. The assay detects NS1 in eggs homogenates with 87.5% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity and it is proposed as a tool for the routine entomovirological surveillance of DENV 2 in field mosquito populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Argotte-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cime-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Valeria Vargas
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario H. Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maria Carmen Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Sarma DK, Rathod L, Mishra S, Das D, Agarwal A, Sharma G, Singh TA, Kumawat M, Singh S, Verma V, Kumar M, Shubham S, Tiwari RR, Prakash A. Molecular surveillance of dengue virus in field-collected Aedes mosquitoes from Bhopal, central India: evidence of circulation of a new lineage of serotype 2. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260812. [PMID: 37779723 PMCID: PMC10539573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dengue fever is hyperendemic in several Southeast and South Asian countries, including India, with all four serotypes (DENV 1-4) circulating at different periods and in different locations. Sustainable and improved virological and entomological surveillance is the only tool to prevent dengue and other vector-borne diseases. Objectives The present study has been carried out to detect and characterize the circulating dengue virus (DENV) in field-collected Aedes mosquitoes in Bhopal, Central India. Methods Aedes mosquitoes were collected from 29 localities within Bhopal city during October 2020 to September 2022. DENV infection was assessed in the individual head and thorax regions of Aedes mosquitoes using reverse transcriptase PCR. Positive samples were sequenced, and the circulating serotypes and genotypes were determined using phylogenetic analysis. Results DENV RNA was detected in 7 Aedes aegypti and 1 Aedes albopictus, with infection rates of 0.59 and 0.14%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed all the isolates belonged to DENV serotype 2 and distinctly clustered with the non-Indian lineage (cosmopolitan genotype 4a), which was not recorded from the study area earlier. The time to most common recent ancestor (TMRCA) of these sequences was 7.4 years old, with the highest posterior density (HPD) of 3.5-12.2 years, indicating that this new lineage emerged during the year 2014. This is the first report on the DENV incrimination in both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes collected from Bhopal, Central India. Conclusion The observed emergence of the non-Indian lineage of DENV-2 in Bhopal, which again is a first report from the area, coincides with the gradual increase in DENV cases in Bhopal since 2014. This study emphasizes the importance of DENV surveillance and risk assessment in this strategically important part of the country to decipher its outbreak and severe disease-causing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lokendra Rathod
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Sweta Mishra
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Deepanker Das
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Ankita Agarwal
- State Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Tanim Arpit Singh
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Indore, India
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Samradhi Singh
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Swasti Shubham
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Anil Prakash
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
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Kurnia N, Kaitana Y, Salaki CL, Mandey LC, Tuda JSB, Tallei TE. Study of Dengue Virus Transovarial Transmission in Aedes spp. in Ternate City Using Streptavidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex Immunohistochemistry. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:765-771. [PMID: 36286199 PMCID: PMC9603047 DOI: 10.3390/idr14050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the most dominant vector in the transmission of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). In addition to Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus is a secondary vector of the dengue virus, and both species are widespread in Indonesia. The dengue virus is transmitted from person to person through the bite of an Aedes spp. The vertical (transovarial) transmission of the dengue virus from infective female mosquitoes to their offspring is one of the means by which the dengue virus maintains its existence in nature. Transovarial dengue virus transmission in Aedes spp. mosquitoes contributes to the spread and maintenance of the dengue epidemic. This study employed a qualitative survey to detect dengue virus transovarial transmission in Ternate using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ISBPC) immunohistochemical test. The ISBPC examination of samples collected from the four subdistricts in Ternate revealed a positive result for transovarial transmission of dengue virus. Four Aedes spp., including two Ae. aegypti females, one Ae. albopictus female, and one Ae. albopictus male, tested positive for transovarial transmission of dengue virus in the district of North Ternate. Four Aedes spp., including three Ae. aegypti females and one Ae. aegypti male, were found to be positive for the transovarial transmission of dengue virus in the Central Ternate district. Seven Aedes spp., including five Ae. aegypti females, one Ae. aegypti male, and one Ae. albopictus female, tested positive for transovarial transmission of the dengue virus in the district of South Ternate city. One Ae. aegypti male showed positive results for transovarial transmission of dengue virus in the Ternate Island District. In this study, the transovarial transmission of the dengue virus occurred in both Aedes spp. female and male mosquitoes. It was demonstrated that Aedes spp. carry the dengue virus in their ovaries and can pass it on to their offspring. As a result, the cycle of passing the dengue virus on to local mosquito populations in the city of Ternate is not going to end just yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Kurnia
- Entomology Study Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
- Biology Study Program, Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Kie Raha, Ternate 97716, Indonesia
| | - Yance Kaitana
- Entomology Study Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Josef Sem Berth Tuda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (J.S.B.T.); (T.E.T.); Tel.: +62-812-4438-0062 (J.S.B.T.); +62-811-4314880 (T.E.T.)
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (J.S.B.T.); (T.E.T.); Tel.: +62-812-4438-0062 (J.S.B.T.); +62-811-4314880 (T.E.T.)
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Effects of Sterile Males and Fertility of Infected Mosquitoes on Mosquito-Borne Disease Dynamics. Bull Math Biol 2022; 84:31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-00991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wijesinghe C, Gunatilake J, Kusumawathie PHD, Sirisena PDNN, Daulagala SWPL, Iqbal BN, Noordeen F. Circulating dengue virus serotypes and vertical transmission in Aedes larvae during outbreak and inter-outbreak seasons in a high dengue risk area of Sri Lanka. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:614. [PMID: 34949219 PMCID: PMC8705164 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spatial and temporal changes in the dengue incidence are associated with multiple factors, such as climate, immunity among a population against dengue viruses (DENV), circulating DENV serotypes and vertical transmission (VT) of DENV in an area at a given time. The level of VT in a specific location has epidemiological implications in terms of viral maintenance in vectors. Identification of the circulating DENV serotypes in both patients and Aedes mosquito larvae in an area may be useful for the early detection of outbreaks. We report here the results of a prospective descriptive study that was conducted to detect the levels of VT in Aedes mosquito larvae and circulating DENV serotypes in patients and Aedes mosquito larvae from December 2015 to March 2017 in an area of Sri Lanka at high risk for dengue. Methods A total of 200 patients with clinically suspected dengue who had been admitted to a tertiary care hospital during a dengue outbreak (3 study periods: December 2015–January 2016, June–August 2016, December 2016–January 2017) and in the inter-outbreak periods (February–May 2016 and September–November 2016) were investigated. Blood samples were drawn from the study participants to test for DENV. The houses of the study participants were visited within 7 days of admission to the hospital, and Aedes larvae were also collected within a radius of 400 m from the houses. The larvae were separately identified to species and then pooled according to each patient’s identification number. Patients’ sera and the Aedes larvae were tested to identify the infecting DENV serotypes using a reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) method. Levels of VT in Aedes mosquito larvae were also identified. Results All four DENV serotypes (DENV-1 to -4) were identified in the study area. In the early part of the study (December 2015–February 2016), DENV-3 was predominant and from April 2016 to March 2017, DENV-2 became the most predominant type. Four cases of DENV co-infections were noted during the study period in patients. Interestingly, all four DENV serotypes were detected in Aedes albopictus larvae, which was the prominent immature vectorial form identified throughout the study period in the area, showing 9.8% VT of DENV. With the exception of DENV-4, the other three DENV serotypes were identified in Aedes aegypti larvae with a VT of 8.1%. Conclusion Comparatively high rates of VT of DENV was detected in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti larvae. A shift in the predominant DENV serotype with simultaneous circulation of all four DENV serotypes was identified in the study area from December 2015 to March 2017. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05114-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Wijesinghe
- Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.,Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Jagath Gunatilake
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.,Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | - P D N N Sirisena
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - S W P L Daulagala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Bushran N Iqbal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Faseeha Noordeen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
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Stephenson CJ, Coatsworth H, Waits CM, Nazario-Maldonado NM, Mathias DK, Dinglasan RR, Lednicky JA. Geographic Partitioning of Dengue Virus Transmission Risk in Florida. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112232. [PMID: 34835038 PMCID: PMC8622774 DOI: 10.3390/v13112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) cause the greatest public health burden globally among the arthropod-borne viruses. DENV transmission risk has also expanded from tropical to subtropical regions due to the increasing range of its principal mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. Focal outbreaks of dengue fever (dengue) in the state of Florida (FL) in the USA have increased since 2009. However, little is known about the competence of Ae. aegypti populations across different regions of FL to transmit DENVs. To understand the effects of DENV genotype and serotype variations on vector susceptibility and transmission potential in FL, we orally infected a colony of Ae. aegypti (Orlando/ORL) with low passage or laboratory DENV-1 through -4. Low passage DENVs were more infectious to and had higher transmission potential by ORL mosquitoes. We used these same DENVs to examine natural Ae. aegypti populations to determine whether spatial distributions correlated with differential vector competence. Vector competence across all DENV serotypes was greater for mosquitoes from areas with the highest dengue incidence in south FL compared to north FL. Vector competence for low passage DENVs was significantly higher, revealing that transmission risk is influenced by virus/vector combinations. These data support a targeted mosquito-plus-pathogen screening approach to more accurately estimate DENV transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Stephenson
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Heather Coatsworth
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Christy M. Waits
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, FL 32212, USA
| | - Nicole M. Nazario-Maldonado
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Derrick K. Mathias
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Rhoel R. Dinglasan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Correspondence: (R.R.D.); (J.A.L.)
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.J.S.); (H.C.); (C.M.W.); (N.M.N.-M.); (D.K.M.)
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Correspondence: (R.R.D.); (J.A.L.)
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Alves LD, Lana RM, Coelho FC. A Framework for Weather-Driven Dengue Virus Transmission Dynamics in Different Brazilian Regions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189493. [PMID: 34574418 PMCID: PMC8466780 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated a model to assess the role of climate fluctuations on dengue (DENV) dynamics from 2010 to 2019 in four Brazilian municipalities. The proposed transmission model was based on a preexisting SEI-SIR model, but also incorporates the vector vertical transmission and the vector's egg compartment, thus allowing rainfall to be introduced to modulate egg-hatching. Temperature and rainfall satellite data throughout the decade were used as climatic model inputs. A sensitivity analysis was performed to understand the role of each parameter. The model-simulated scenario was compared to the observed dengue incidence and the findings indicate that the model was able to capture the observed seasonal dengue incidence pattern with good accuracy until 2016, although higher deviations were observed from 2016 to 2019. The results further demonstrate that vertical transmission fluctuations can affect attack transmission rates and patterns, suggesting the need to investigate the contribution of vertical transmission to dengue transmission dynamics in future assessments. The improved understanding of the relationship between different environment variables and dengue transmission achieved by the proposed model can contribute to public health policies regarding mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Diniz Alves
- Centro Federal Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Rio de Janeiro 20271-110, Brazil; or
- Computational Biology and Systems, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Martins Lana
- Scientific Computing Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; or
| | - Flávio Codeço Coelho
- School of Applied Mathematics, Getulio Vargas Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-900, Brazil
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-98725-1609
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Ng SH, Zhang H, Goh FG, Ng LC, Ji L, Cai Y. Induced Hatching of Quiescent Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Eggs by Labile Glutathione-Stabilizable Compounds From Yeast Extract. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:956-960. [PMID: 33710312 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is the insect vector that transmits several deadly human diseases. Although the egg stage is an important phase of its life cycle, the biology of mosquito egg remains poorly understood. Here, we report our investigations on the chemical factors that induced hatching of Ae. aegypti eggs. Commercial yeast extracts were able to increase egg hatching rate in a dose-dependent manner, with a hatching rate that ranged from approximately 10% with 1 g/liter to 80% with 20 g/liter of yeast extract. Notably, the addition of glutathione, a reducing agent that showed no significant effect on egg hatching by itself, enhanced and stabilized the activity of yeast extract for at least 70 h. Because dissolved oxygen in different treatments was maintained at high levels in a narrow range (92-95%), we proposed that yeast extract contains hatching inducing compound (HIC) which is able to trigger egg hatching independent of dissolved oxygen level. The HIC in yeast extract could prove to be a potential starting point to design an effective tool to forcefully induce mosquito eggs to hatch under unfavorable conditions, functioning as a novel method for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hwee Ng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heng Zhang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Guang Goh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee-Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lianghui Ji
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Cai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Vertical transmission of zika virus in Aedes albopictus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008776. [PMID: 33057411 PMCID: PMC7671534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus is an important vector of ZIKV worldwide. To date, most experiments have focused on the vertical transmission of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti, while studies on Ae. albopictus are very limited. To explore vertical transmission in Ae. albopictus, a series of laboratory studies were carried out. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, Ae. albopictus were blood-fed with ZIKV-infectious blood, and the ovaries and offspring viral infection rates were analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). ZIKV was detected in the ovaries and oviposited eggs in two gonotrophic cycles. The minimum filial egg infection rates in two gonotrophic cycles were 2.06% and 0.69%, and the effective population transmission rate was 1.87%. The hatching, pupation, and emergence rates of infected offspring were not significantly different from those of uninfected offspring, indicating that ZIKV did not prevent the offspring from completing the growth and development process. ZIKV was detected in three of thirteen C57BL/6 suckling mice bitten by ZIKV-positive F1 females, and the viremia persisted for at least seven days. Conclusions/Significance ZIKV can be vertically transmitted in Ae. albopictus via transovarial transmission. The vertical transmission rates in F1 eggs and adults were 2.06% and 1.87%, respectively. Even though the vertical transmission rates were low, the female mosquitoes infected via the congenital route horizontally transmitted ZIKV to suckling mice through bloodsucking. This is the first experimental evidence of offspring with vertically transmitted ZIKV initiating new horizontal transmission. The present study deepens the understanding of the vertical transmission of flaviviruses in Aedes mosquitoes and sheds light on the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that poses a serious threat worldwide because of its associated serious neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in newborns. Vertical transmission of ZIKV in humans has been confirmed. Furthermore, there have been reports of ZIKV infection in field-collected eggs, larvae and adult mosquitoes, which implies that ZIKV can also be vertically transmitted in mosquito vectors. However, the characteristics of vertical transmission of ZIKV in Aedes albopictus remain unclear. Here, we infected mosquitoes by allowing them to feed on an infectious blood meal. F1 progeny (eggs and adults) from mosquitoes with ZIKV-positive ovaries were studied. Our results demonstrate that ZIKV can be vertically transmitted in Ae. albopictus via transovarial transmission. The female mosquitoes infected via the congenital route can horizontally transmit ZIKV to suckling mice through bloodsucking. These updated findings can be used for ZIKV disease prevention and vector control strategies.
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Cantillo-Barraza O, Medina M, Granada Y, Muñoz C, Valverde C, Cely F, Gonzalez P, Mendoza Y, Zuluaga S, Triana-Chávez O. Susceptibility to Insecticides and Natural Infection in Aedes aegypti: An Initiative to Improve the Mosquito Control Actions in Boyacá, Colombia. Ann Glob Health 2020; 86:94. [PMID: 32864349 PMCID: PMC7427689 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Integrated management strategies for dengue prevention and control have been the main way to decrease the transmission of arboviruses transmitted by A. aegypti in Colombia. However, the increase of chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika, and dengue (DENV) fever cases suggests deficiencies in vector control strategies in some regions from this country. Objective This work aimed to establish a baseline susceptibility profile of A. aegypti to insecticides, determine the presence of kdr mutations associated with resistance to pyrethroids, and detect natural arbovirus infection in this vector from Moniquirá - Boyacá, one of the most endemic cities in Colombia. Methods Mosquitos were collected in six neighborhoods, and colonies established in the laboratory. Susceptibility to malathion and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides was evaluated, and we examined the point mutations present in portions of domains I, II, III, and IV of the sodium channel gene using a simple allele-specific PCR-based assay (AS-PCR). Findings A. aegypti from Moniquirá showed decreased susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides, and kdr mutations 419L, 1016I, and 1558C with allelic frequencies of 0.39, 0.40 and 0.95, respectively, were observed. The minimal infection rate (MIR) to DENV-1 was 44.1, while to CHIKV was 14.7. Conclusions We establish a baseline insecticide resistance, kdr mutations, and arbovirus circulation, which contain the elements necessary for the consolidation of a local surveillance strategy with an early warning system and rational selection and rotation of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Cantillo-Barraza
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, CO
| | - Manuel Medina
- Programa de control de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, Secretaria de Salud Departamental, Tunja, Boyacá, CO
| | - Yurany Granada
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, CO
| | - Camilo Muñoz
- Programa de control de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, Secretaria de Salud Departamental, Tunja, Boyacá, CO
| | - Cesar Valverde
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, CO
| | - Fernando Cely
- Programa de control de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, Secretaria de Salud Departamental, Tunja, Boyacá, CO
| | - Paola Gonzalez
- Programa de control de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, Secretaria de Salud Departamental, Tunja, Boyacá, CO
| | - Yovanny Mendoza
- Programa de control de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, Secretaria de Salud Departamental, Tunja, Boyacá, CO
| | - Sara Zuluaga
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, CO
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, CO
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Soni M, Khan SA, Bhattacharjee CK, Dutta P. Experimental study of dengue virus infection in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: A comparative analysis on susceptibility, virus transmission and reproductive success. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 175:107445. [PMID: 32712268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology of dengue fever has substantially changed over the years with respect to prevalent strains, affected geographical locations and severity of disease. Mosquito vectors show variable response in terms of susceptibility to four different serotypes of dengue virus. Although studies have postulated that, the vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus are crucial for transmission of dengue virus, comparative efficacy of these species for viral transmission and tolerance is still enigmatic. In this study, these two vectors were infected orally with four serotypes of the dengue virus viz. DENV-1 to DENV-4 and their co-infection. It was observed that Ae. aegypti harbors multiple serotype infections more efficiently than Ae. albopictus. We suggest that transovarial transmission is of low importance in the epidemiology of the virus due to low infection rates in the filial generation, and also that reduced fecundity and fertility in both vectors after dengue virus infection affect the ecology of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Soni
- Assam Don Bosco University, Kamrup, Assam 782 402, India.
| | - Siraj A Khan
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam 786001, India.
| | | | - Prafulla Dutta
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam 786001, India
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Alto BW, Civana A, Wiggins K, Eastmond B, Shin D. Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in Aedes aegypti. Viruses 2020; 12:E719. [PMID: 32630843 PMCID: PMC7412308 DOI: 10.3390/v12070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus endemic to forests of tropical South America with a sylvatic cycle involving non-human primates and Haemagogus mosquitoes. Human infection with Mayaro virus causes a febrile illness and long-lasting arthralgia and cases are often associated with exposure to tropical forest habitats. Human movement between tropical forest habitats and urban settings may allow for imported cases and subsequent local transmission by domestic mosquito Aedes aegypti. The relative importance of Ae. aegypti as a vector of Mayaro virus may depend on the pathogenic effects of the virus on fitness correlates, especially those entomological parameters that relate to vectorial capacity. We performed mosquito infection studies and compared adult survival and fecundity of females from Brazilian and Floridian populations of Ae. aegypti following oral ingestion of uninfectious (control) and Mayaro virus infectious blood. Mayaro virus infected and refractory mosquitoes had similar or 30-50% lower fecundity than control (unexposed) mosquitoes, suggesting a reproductive cost to mounting an immune response or phenotypic expression of refractoriness. Survival of adult female mosquitoes and targeted gene expression in the Toll and IMD pathways were not altered by Mayaro virus infection. Adult lifespan and fecundity estimates were independent of measured viral titer in the bodies of mosquitoes. The lack of adverse effects of infection status on female survival suggests that Mayaro virus will not alter vectorial capacity mediated by changes in this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry W. Alto
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th St. Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA; (A.C.); (K.W.); (B.E.); (D.S.)
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15
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Boyles SM, Mavian CN, Finol E, Ukhanova M, Stephenson CJ, Hamerlinck G, Kang S, Baumgartner C, Geesey M, Stinton I, Williams K, Mathias DK, Prosperi M, Mai V, Salemi M, Buckner EA, Lednicky JA, Rivers AR, Dinglasan RR. Under-the-Radar Dengue Virus Infections in Natural Populations of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. mSphere 2020; 5:e00316-20. [PMID: 32350095 PMCID: PMC7193045 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00316-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of locally acquired dengue infections increased during the last decade in the United States, compelling a sustained research effort concerning the dengue mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, and its microbiome, which has been shown to influence virus transmission success. We examined the "metavirome" of four populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in 2016 to 2017 in Manatee County, FL. Unexpectedly, we discovered that dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV4) was circulating in these mosquito populations, representing the first documented case of such a phenomenon in the absence of a local DENV4 human case in this county over a 2-year period. We confirmed that all of the mosquito populations carried the same DENV4 strain, assembled its full genome, validated infection orthogonally by reverse transcriptase PCR, traced the virus origin, estimated the time period of its introduction to the Caribbean region, and explored the viral genetic signatures and mosquito-specific virome associations that potentially mediated DENV4 persistence in mosquitoes. We discuss the significance of prolonged maintenance of the DENV4 infections in A. aegypti that occurred in the absence of a DENV4 human index case in Manatee County with respect to the inability of current surveillance paradigms to detect mosquito vector infections prior to a potential local outbreak.IMPORTANCE Since 1999, dengue outbreaks in the continental United States involving local transmission have occurred only episodically and only in Florida and Texas. In Florida, these episodes appear to be coincident with increased introductions of dengue virus into the region through human travel and migration from countries where the disease is endemic. To date, the U.S. public health response to dengue outbreaks has been largely reactive, and implementation of comprehensive arbovirus surveillance in advance of predictable transmission seasons, which would enable proactive preventative efforts, remains unsupported. The significance of our finding is that it is the first documented report of DENV4 transmission to and maintenance within a local mosquito vector population in the continental United States in the absence of a human case during two consecutive years. Our data suggest that molecular surveillance of mosquito populations in high-risk, high-tourism areas of the United States may enable proactive, targeted vector control before potential arbovirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Boyles
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- CDC Southeastern Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carla N Mavian
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Esteban Finol
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ukhanova
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caroline J Stephenson
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- CDC Southeastern Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gabriela Hamerlinck
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Geography, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- CDC Southeastern Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Seokyoung Kang
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- CDC Southeastern Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Mary Geesey
- Manatee County Mosquito Control District, Palmetto, Florida, USA
| | - Israel Stinton
- Manatee County Mosquito Control District, Palmetto, Florida, USA
| | - Katie Williams
- Manatee County Mosquito Control District, Palmetto, Florida, USA
| | - Derrick K Mathias
- CDC Southeastern Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Mattia Prosperi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Volker Mai
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marco Salemi
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eva A Buckner
- CDC Southeastern Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Manatee County Mosquito Control District, Palmetto, Florida, USA
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- CDC Southeastern Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adam R Rivers
- CDC Southeastern Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rhoel R Dinglasan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- CDC Southeastern Center of Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Ferreira-de-Lima VH, Andrade PDS, Thomazelli LM, Marrelli MT, Urbinatti PR, Almeida RMMDS, Lima-Camara TN. Silent circulation of dengue virus in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) resulting from natural vertical transmission. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3855. [PMID: 32123282 PMCID: PMC7052239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is considered a maintenance mechanism for dengue virus (DENV) during unfavorable conditions and may be implicated in dengue outbreaks. Since DENV infection dynamics vary among wild-type viruses and vector populations, vertical transmission rates can also vary between regions. However, even though São Paulo is the most populous city in the Americas and has experienced major dengue epidemics, natural vertical transmission had never been detected in this area before. Here we confirm and describe for the first time natural vertical transmission of DENV-3 in two pools of male Ae. albopictus from the city of São Paulo. The detection of DENV-3 in years when no human autochthonous cases of this serotype were recorded suggests that silent circulation of DENV-3 is occurring and indicates that green areas may be maintaining serotypes that are not circulating in the human population, possibly by a vertical transmission mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Henrique Ferreira-de-Lima
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Jardim América, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Dos Santos Andrade
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology (LVCM), Institute of Biomedical Sciences II, University of São Paulo. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Urbinatti
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Marques de Sá Almeida
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Tamara Nunes Lima-Camara
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
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Arbovirus vectors of epidemiological concern in the Americas: A scoping review of entomological studies on Zika, dengue and chikungunya virus vectors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0220753. [PMID: 32027652 PMCID: PMC7004335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) causing human disease have been the focus of a large number of studies in the Americas since 2013 due to their global spread and epidemiological impacts: Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. A large proportion of infections by these viruses are asymptomatic. However, all three viruses are associated with moderate to severe health consequences in a small proportion of cases. Two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are among the world’s most prominent arboviral vectors, and are known vectors for all three viruses in the Americas. Objectives This review summarizes the state of the entomological literature surrounding the mosquito vectors of Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses and factors affecting virus transmission. The rationale of the review was to identify and characterize entomological studies that have been conducted in the Americas since the introduction of chikungunya virus in 2013, encompassing a period of arbovirus co-circulation, and guide future research based on identified knowledge gaps. Methods The preliminary search for this review was conducted on PubMed (National Library of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States). The search included the terms ‘zika’ OR ‘dengue’ OR ‘chikungunya’ AND ‘vector’ OR ‘Aedes aegypti’ OR ‘Aedes albopictus’. The search was conducted on March 1st of 2018, and included all studies since January 1st of 2013. Results A total of 96 studies were included in the scoping review after initial screening and subsequent exclusion of out-of-scope studies, secondary data publications, and studies unavailable in English language. Key findings We observed a steady increase in number of publications, from 2013 to 2018, with half of all studies published from January 2017 to March 2018. Interestingly, information on Zika virus vector species composition was abundant, but sparse on Zika virus transmission dynamics. Few studies examined natural infection rates of Zika virus, vertical transmission, or co-infection with other viruses. This is in contrast to the wealth of research available on natural infection and co-infection for dengue and chikungunya viruses, although vertical transmission research was sparse for all three viruses.
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Chen Y, Gao J, Yang L, Li C, Chen R, Xie Z, Ren R. A predominant dengue virus-1 endemic strain and the vector competence of Aedes albopictus from Guangzhou City, China. Acta Trop 2019; 199:104975. [PMID: 30943381 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue has been a serious public health burden and dengue virus-1 (DENV-1) is the predominant strain in Guangdong province, China. Differences exist in the transmission dynamics amongAedes albopictus and DENV in different geographical regions. However, little is known about the vector competence of indigenous Aedes albopictus for the predominant dengue strain in Guangdong province, China. METHODOLOGY In this study, the field-derivedAedes albopictus collected from Guangzhou city, Guangdong province were infected with the predominant DENV endemic strain DENV-1 GZ201401 by feeding on serially diluted artificial infectious blood or infected suckling mice. DENV-infected mosquitoes were evaluated for viral load at five-time intervals in three tissues, the head, body and legs using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The vertical transmission of DENV in Ades albopictus was also analysed. Suckling mice were used to assess the transmission of DENV by Aedes albopictus. RESULTS There was no difference in infection rates between mosquitoes infected by infected suckling mice or by artificial infectious blood. The proportion of DENV-1 positive mosquitoes increased over time after an infectious blood meal, but there was no difference in the positive rate beyond 7days after the blood meal. The positive rate of DENV-1 infected mosquitoes increased with the DENV titer in the blood meal. Most of the infections the infected mosquitoes were disseminated more than 7 days after imbibing the artificial infectious blood. The median infective doses (MID50) at 7,14,21 and 28 days after artificial infectious blood meal [7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-infection (dpi)] were 7.86 × 107, 1.57 × 107, 6.39 × 106 and 4.96 × 106 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose)/ml, respectively. The mosquitoes can spread DENV-1 GZ201401 to hosts as early as 3 dpi. The vertical transmission of DENV-1 was documented with a cumulative rate of 17.61%. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are competent vectors for DENV-1, and are capable of maintaining autochthonous dengue outbreaks in Guangdong province, China, which may have been promoted by vertical transmission.
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Chaves BA, Junior ABV, Silveira KRD, Paz ADC, Vaz EBDC, Araujo RGP, Rodrigues NB, Campolina TB, Orfano ADS, Nacif-Pimenta R, Villegas LEM, de Melo FF, Silva BDM, Monteiro WM, Guerra MDGVB, de Lacerda MVG, Norris DE, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP. Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) in Amazonian Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Delays Egg Hatching and Larval Development of Progeny. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:1739-1744. [PMID: 31278737 PMCID: PMC6821368 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a globally important arbovirus and has been reported from all states of Brazil. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infective Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) or Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895). However, it is important to know if ZIKV transmission also occurs from Ae. aegypti through infected eggs to her offspring. Therefore, a ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) free colony was established from eggs collected in Manaus and maintained until the third-fourth generation in order to conduct ZIKV vertical transmission (VT) experiments which used an infectious bloodmeal as the route of virus exposure. The eggs from ZIKV-infected females were allowed to hatch. The resulting F1 progeny (larvae, pupae, and adults) were quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assayed for ZIKV. The viability of ZIKV vertically transmitted to F1 progeny was evaluated by cultivation in C6/36 cells. The effects of ZIKV on immature development of Ae. aegypti was assessed and compared with noninfected mosquitoes. AmazonianAe. aegypti were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection (96.7%), and viable virus passed to their progeny via VT. Moreover, eggs from the ZIKV-infected mosquitoes had a significantly lower hatch rate and the slowest hatching. In addition, the larval development period was slower when compared to noninfected, control mosquitoes. This is the first study to illustrate VT initiated by oral infection of the parental population by using mosquitoes, which originated from the field and a ZIKV strain that is naturally circulating in-country. Additionally, this study suggests that ZIKV present in the Ae. aegypti can modify the mosquito life cycle. The data reported here suggest that VT of ZIKV to progeny from naturally infected females may have a critical epidemiological role in the dissemination and maintenance of the virus circulating in the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Aparecida Chaves
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Amazonas State University, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Renata Dias Silveira
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Rene Rachou Research Institute – FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andreia da Costa Paz
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nilton Barnabe Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Rene Rachou Research Institute – FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thais Bonifacio Campolina
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Rene Rachou Research Institute – FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da Silva Orfano
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Rene Rachou Research Institute – FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nacif-Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Rene Rachou Research Institute – FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Breno de Mello Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Amazonas State University, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Vinicius Guimarães de Lacerda
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Leonidas and Maria Deane Research institute – FIOCRUZ, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Douglas Eric Norris
- The Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Rene Rachou Research Institute – FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Honório NA, Wiggins K, Eastmond B, Câmara DCP, Alto BW. Experimental Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus by Brazilian and Florida Aedes Albopictus Populations. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040353. [PMID: 30999594 PMCID: PMC6520672 DOI: 10.3390/v11040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a vector-borne alphavirus transmitted by the bites of mosquitoes, specifically infected, female mosquitoes of the invasive Aedes species. In nature, CHIKV can be maintained by vertical transmission, a phenomenon that relates to the transfer of CHIKV from the infected parent to their offspring within the ovary or during oviposition. In the present study, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine vertical transmission with Ae. albopictus populations from Brazil and Florida. Parental Ae. albopictus females were orally infected with the emergent Asian genotype of CHIKV in the first gonotrophic cycle (infectious blood meal) and tested for vertical transmission following the second (non-infectious blood meal) gonotrophic cycle. CHIKV infection and CHIKV viral titer in parental females were significantly related to population origin, with Brazilian Ae. albopictus showing higher viral dissemination and viral titer than the Florida population. Experimental vertical transmission of CHIKV was documented in one pool of female and four pools of male Ae. albopictus from Brazil (minimum infection rate, MIR, of 0.76% and 2.86%, respectively, for females and males). For the Florida population of Ae. albopictus, only one pool of males was positive for CHIKV infection, with an MIR of 1.06%. Our results demonstrate that Ae. albopictus populations from Brazil and Florida show heterogeneous CHIKV dissemination and vertical transmission, which may contribute to the epidemiology of CHIKV and may be particularly relevant to virus survival during inter-epidemic periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nildimar Alves Honório
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
- Núcleo Operacional Sentinela de Mosquitos Vetores-Nosmove/Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA.
| | - Keenan Wiggins
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA.
| | - Bradley Eastmond
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA.
| | - Daniel Cardoso Portela Câmara
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
- Núcleo Operacional Sentinela de Mosquitos Vetores-Nosmove/Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Barry W Alto
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA.
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Souza-Neto JA, Powell JR, Bonizzoni M. Aedes aegypti vector competence studies: A review. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 67:191-209. [PMID: 30465912 PMCID: PMC8135908 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary transmitter of the four viruses that have had the greatest impact on human health, the viruses causing yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika fever. Because this mosquito is easy to rear in the laboratory and these viruses grow in laboratory tissue culture cells, many studies have been performed testing the relative competence of different populations of the mosquito to transmit many different strains of viruses. We review here this large literature including studies on the effect of the mosquito microbiota on competence. Because of the heterogeneity of both mosquito populations and virus strains used, as well as methods measuring potential to transmit, it is very difficult to perform detailed meta-analysis of the studies. However, a few conclusions can be drawn: (1) almost no population of Ae. aegypti is 100% naturally refractory to virus infection. Complete susceptibility to infection has been observed for Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV), but not yellow fever viruses (YFV); (2) the dose of virus used is directly correlated to the rate of infection; (3) Brazilian populations of mosquito are particularly susceptible to DENV-2 infections; (4) the Asian lineage of ZIKV is less infective to Ae. aegypti populations from the American continent than is the African ZIKV lineage; (5) virus adaptation to different species of mosquitoes has been demonstrated with CHIKV; (6) co-infection with more than one virus sometimes causes displacement while in other cases has little effect; (7) the microbiota in the mosquito also has important effects on level of susceptibility to arboviral infection; (8) resistance to virus infection due to the microbiota may be direct (e.g., bacteria producing antiviral proteins) or indirect in activating the mosquito host innate immune system; (9) non-pathogenic insect specific viruses (ISVs) are also common in mosquitoes including genome insertions. These too have been shown to have an impact on the susceptibility of mosquitoes to pathogenic viruses. One clear conclusion is that it would be a great advance in this type of research to implement standardized procedures in order to obtain comparable and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme A Souza-Neto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Multiuser Central Laboratory, Botucatu, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biotechnology, Botucatu, Brazil
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Murray HL, Pruszynski CA, Leal AL, Hribar LJ. Establishment of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Florida Keys, 2001-2017. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:1607-1612. [PMID: 29939298 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) was first reported in the Florida Keys in 1993. Despite extensive surveillance, the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD) only collected specimens occasionally on a few islands, some years finding no evidence of the invasive species. In 2013-2017, FKMCD witnessed a sudden increase in population size and geographic extent of Ae. albopictus. Samples of Ae. albopictus have now been identified on 30 different islands in the Florida Keys. Three islands in particular (Key Largo, Big Pine Key, and Stock Island) have produced multiple positive samples during at least 4 of the last 5 yr, suggesting establishment of the invasive species. FKMCD continues to monitor Ae. albopictus throughout the Keys and make extensive efforts to reduce population abundance and geographic extent of this disease vector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea L Leal
- Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, Marathon, FL
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Zirbel KE, Alto BW. Maternal and paternal nutrition in a mosquito influences offspring life histories but not infection with an arbovirus. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie E. Zirbel
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; University of Florida; Vero Beach Florida 32962 USA
| | - Barry W. Alto
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; University of Florida; Vero Beach Florida 32962 USA
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Cheng YH, Lin YJ, Chen SC, You SH, Chen WY, Hsieh NH, Yang YF, Liao CM. Assessing health burden risk and control effect on dengue fever infection in the southern region of Taiwan. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1423-1435. [PMID: 30233221 PMCID: PMC6132233 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s169820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of dengue in Taiwan and the consecutive large dengue outbreaks in the period 2014-2015 suggest that current control interventions are suboptimal. Understanding the effect of control effort is crucial to inform future control strategies. OBJECTIVES We developed a framework to measure season-based health burden risk from 2001 to 2014. We reconstructed various intervention coverage to assess the attributable effect of dengue infection control efforts. MATERIALS AND METHODS A dengue-mosquito-human transmission dynamic was used to quantify the vector-host interactions and to estimate the disease epidemics. We used disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to assess health burden risk. A temperature-basic reproduction number (R0)-DALYs relationship was constructed to examine the potential impacts of temperature on health burden. Finally, a health burden risk model linked a control measure model to evaluate the effect of dengue control interventions. RESULTS We showed that R0 and DALYs peaked at 25°C with estimates of 2.37 and 1387, respectively. Results indicated that most dengue cases occurred in fall with estimated DALYs of 323 (267-379, 95% CI) at 50% risk probability. We found that repellent spray had by far the largest control effect with an effectiveness of ~71% in all seasons. Pesticide spray and container clean-up have both made important contributions to reducing prevalence/incidence. Repellent, pesticide spray, container clean-up together with Wolbachia infection suppress dengue outbreak by ~90%. CONCLUSION Our presented modeling framework provides a useful tool to measure dengue health burden risk and to quantify the effect of dengue control on dengue infection prevalence and disease incidence in the southern region of Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Cheng
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yi-Jun Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Szu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China,
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China,
| | - Shu-Han You
- Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nan-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ying-Fei Yang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,
| | - Chung-Min Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,
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Padilha KP, Resck MEB, Cunha OATD, Teles-de-Freitas R, Campos SS, Sorgine MHF, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Farnesi LC, Bruno RV. Zika infection decreases Aedes aegypti locomotor activity but does not influence egg production or viability. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e180290. [PMID: 30156598 PMCID: PMC6107100 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika has emerged as a new public health threat after the explosive epidemic in Brazil in 2015. It is an arbovirus transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The knowledge of physiological, behavioural and biological features in virus-infected vectors may help the understanding of arbovirus transmission dynamics and elucidate their influence in vector capacity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the behaviour of Ae. aegypti females by analysing the locomotor activity, egg production and viability. METHODOLOGY Ae. aegypti females were orally infected with ZIKV through an artificial feeder to access egg production, egg viability and locomotor activity. For egg production and viability assays, females were kept in cages containing an artificial site for oviposition and eggs were counted. Locomotor activity assays were performed in activity monitors and an average of 5th, 6th and 7th days after infective feeding was calculated. FINDINGS No significant difference in the number of eggs laid per females neither in their viability were found between ZIKV infected and non-infected females, regardless the tested pair of mosquito population and virus strain and the gonotrophic cycles. Locomotor activity assays were performed regardless of the locomotor activity in ZIKV infected females was observed, in both LD and DD conditions. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The lower locomotor activity may reduce the mobility of the mosquitoes and may explain case clustering within households reported during Zika outbreaks such as in Rio de Janeiro 2015. Nevertheless, the mosquitoes infected with ZIKV are still able to disseminate and to transmit the disease, especially in places where there are many oviposition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Pedreira Padilha
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos Hematófagos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Eduarda Barreto Resck
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Octávio Augusto Talyuli da Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos Hematófagos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rayane Teles-de-Freitas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Stéphanie Silva Campos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcos Henrique Ferreira Sorgine
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos Hematófagos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Médica, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Médica, Brasil
| | - Luana Cristina Farnesi
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Médica, Brasil
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Zou L, Chen J, Feng X, Ruan S. Analysis of a Dengue Model with Vertical Transmission and Application to the 2014 Dengue Outbreak in Guangdong Province, China. Bull Math Biol 2018; 80:2633-2651. [PMID: 30083966 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence showing that vertical transmission of dengue virus exists in Aedes mosquitoes. In this paper, we propose a deterministic dengue model with vertical transmission in mosquitoes by including aquatic mosquitoes (eggs, larvae and pupae), adult mosquitoes (susceptible, exposed and infectious) and human hosts (susceptible, exposed, infectious and recovered). We first analyze the existence and stability of disease-free equilibria, calculate the basic reproduction number and discuss the existence of the disease-endemic equilibrium. Then, we study the impact of vertical transmission of the virus in mosquitoes on the spread dynamics of dengue. We also use the model to simulate the reported infected human data from the 2014 dengue outbreak in Guangdong Province, China, carry out sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number in terms of the model parameters, and seek for effective control measures for the transmission of dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zou
- Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave., Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Xiaomei Feng
- Department of Mathematics, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044000, Shanxi, China
| | - Shigui Ruan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
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Sánchez-Vargas I, Harrington LC, Doty JB, Black WC, Olson KE. Demonstration of efficient vertical and venereal transmission of dengue virus type-2 in a genetically diverse laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006754. [PMID: 30169505 PMCID: PMC6136804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary mosquito vector of dengue viruses (DENV; serotypes 1-4). Human-mosquito transmission cycles maintain DENV during epidemics but questions remain regarding how these viruses survive when human infections and vector abundance are minimal. Aedes mosquitoes can transmit DENV within the vector population through two alternate routes: vertical and venereal transmission (VT and VNT, respectively). We tested the efficiency of VT and VNT in a genetically diverse laboratory (GDLS) strain of Ae. aegypti orally infected with DENV2 (Jamaica 1409). We examined F1 larvae from infected females generated during the first and second gonotrophic cycles (E1 and E2) for viral envelope (E) antigen by amplifying virus in C6/36 cells and then performing an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). RT-PCR/nested PCR analyses confirmed DENV2 RNA in samples positive by IFA. We observed VT of virus to larvae and adult male progeny and VNT of virus to uninfected virgin females after mating with males that had acquired virus by the VT route. We detected no DENV2 in 30 pools (20 larvae/pool) of F1 larvae following the first gonotrophic cycle, suggesting limited virus dissemination at 7 days post-infection. DENV2 was detected by IFA in 27 of 49 (55%) and 35 of 51 (68.6%) F1 larval pools (20 larvae/pool) from infected E2 females that received a second blood meal without virus at 10 or 21 days post-infection (E2-10d-F1 and E2-21-F1), respectively. The minimum filial infection rates by IFA for E2-10d-F1 and E2-21d-F1 mosquitoes were 1:36 and 1:29, respectively. The VNT rate from E2-10d-F1 males to virgin (uninfected) GDLS females was 31.6% (118 of 374) at 8 days post mating. Twenty one percent of VNT-infected females receiving a blood meal prior to mating had disseminated virus in their heads, suggesting a potential pathway for virus to re-enter the human-mosquito transmission cycle. This is the first report of VNT of DENV by male Ae. aegypti and the first demonstration of sexual transmission in Aedes by naturally infected males. Our results demonstrate the potential for VT and VNT of DENV in nature as mechanisms for virus maintenance during inter-epidemic periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Sánchez-Vargas
- Arthropod-borne Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Laura C. Harrington
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Doty
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William C. Black
- Arthropod-borne Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Ken E. Olson
- Arthropod-borne Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States of America
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Zirbel K, Eastmond B, Alto BW. Parental and offspring larval diets interact to influence life-history traits and infection with dengue virus in Aedes aegypti. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180539. [PMID: 30109101 PMCID: PMC6083674 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The environmental conditions experienced by parents can influence offspring phenotype along with the conditions experienced by offspring. These parental effects are clear in organisms that display parental care and are less clear in other organisms. Here, we consider effects of parental and offspring larval nutrition on offspring development time, survivorship and infection with dengue virus in Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika. Parents were raised on either high or low larval detritus inputs with subsequent offspring being divided into two groups, one receiving high nutrients and the other low. Low nutrient females from low nutrient parents (LL) developed significantly slower than those from high nutrient parents (HL). Females from all parent by offspring nutrient treatment groups were equally likely to become infected with dengue virus at 24 h, 3 days and 14 days. After 14 days, high nutrient females from low nutrient parents (LH) had 11 times higher viral titres and more disseminated infections than high nutrient females from high nutrient parents (HH). These results suggest that carry-over environmental stress from the parental generation can influence life histories and arbovirus infection in Ae. aegypti females. We found males to be robust to the life-history parameters measured, suggesting sex-specific differences which may relate to their lower nutrient requirements for metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Zirbel
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
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Tan Y, Pickett BE, Shrivastava S, Gresh L, Balmaseda A, Amedeo P, Hu L, Puri V, Fedorova NB, Halpin RA, LaPointe MP, Cone MR, Heberlein-Larson L, Kramer LD, Ciota AT, Gordon A, Shabman RS, Das SR, Harris E. Differing epidemiological dynamics of Chikungunya virus in the Americas during the 2014-2015 epidemic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006670. [PMID: 30059496 PMCID: PMC6085065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been detected sporadically since the 1950s and includes three distinct co-circulating genotypes. In late 2013, the Asian genotype of CHIKV was responsible for the Caribbean outbreak (CO) that rapidly became an epidemic throughout the Americas. There is a limited understanding of the molecular evolution of CHIKV in the Americas during this epidemic. We sequenced 185 complete CHIKV genomes collected mainly from Nicaragua in Central America and Florida in the United States during the 2014-2015 Caribbean/Americas epidemic. Our comprehensive phylogenetic analyses estimated the epidemic history of the Asian genotype and the recent Caribbean outbreak (CO) clade, revealed considerable genetic diversity within the CO clade, and described different epidemiological dynamics of CHIKV in the Americas. Specifically, we identified multiple introductions in both Nicaragua and Florida, with rapid local spread of viruses in Nicaragua but limited autochthonous transmission in Florida in the US. Our phylogenetic analysis also showed phylogeographic clustering of the CO clade. In addition, we identified the significant amino acid substitutions that were observed across the entire Asian genotype during its evolution and examined amino acid changes that were specific to the CO clade. Deep sequencing analysis identified specific minor variants present in clinical specimens below-consensus levels. Finally, we investigated the association between viral phylogeny and geographic/clinical metadata in Nicaragua. To date, this study represents the largest single collection of CHIKV complete genomes during the Caribbean/Americas epidemic and significantly expands our understanding of the emergence and evolution of CHIKV CO clade in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Paolo Amedeo
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lihui Hu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vinita Puri
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nadia B. Fedorova
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Halpin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Marshall R. Cone
- Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lea Heberlein-Larson
- Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Reed S. Shabman
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suman R. Das
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Khan J, Ghaffar A, Khan SA. The changing epidemiological pattern of Dengue in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195706. [PMID: 29689060 PMCID: PMC5916521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pakistan is suffering from dengue fever since 1994. In the country, major dengue outbreaks have been documented in 2010, 2011 and 2013 in Punjab (Lahore) and Sindh (Karachi) Provinces. District Swat was hit for the first time by dengue virus in 2013, claiming 57 deaths and 8000 morbidities. The molecular and entomological aspects along with the ecological and social context of the dengue outbreaks were investigated in this study. Method In addition to entomological survey, the data collected from patients' files (Saidu Sharif Teaching Hospital, Swat) and by directly questioning the patients (field data) was analyzed for epidemiological trends, molecular identification (RT-PCR based serotyping of DENV), clinical profile, socioeconomic status (SES) and demographic features. Results The peak prevalence of dengue was documented in September (56% in 2013, 38% in 2014) and October (33% in 2013, 24% in 2014), whereas in 2015, in October (54.5%) and November (30.5%). The serotype 3 (≤60%) and serotype 2 (≤40%) were found dominant in the area. Among the reported patients (5513), 69% were males and 31% females. Majority of them were found in the age of 14–30 years (52.5%) as compared to 31–60 years (34.5%) (Chi-square: 3219.463, p-value: 0.00). About 63% cases reported in low SES. Among the different categories of government employees affected with dengue, majority (4%) were belonging to health department (Chi-square: 4541.011, p-value: 0.00). Similarly, dengue targeted the dwellers living in multiple-storey houses (65%) as compared to those in the single-storeyed houses (35%) (Chi-square: 495.630, p-value: 0.00). The overall death toll observed was of 57 persons. Dengue prevailed more (38.4%) among low qualified individuals as compared to high qualified (11.5%) (Chi-square: 884.315, p-value: 0.00). Conclusion Our analysis indicated a decrease in the epidemiological trend of dengue (now) in the area, though initially it was observed affecting all types of communities on a larger scale. However, the DENV-2 and DENV-3 were dominantly circulating in the area and the prevalence (with usual peaks in post-monsoon) found high in males, illiterate (less educated) individuals and in those with low SES. Urbanization, infected human travelling, climate change, socioeconomic, sociodemographic as well as the wide range adaptation of vector mosquitoes, altogether, are the important factors playing role in the expansion of dengue. Further studies are needed to determine the association of these variables with the dengue spread in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehangir Khan
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Sun Yat-sen University-Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Islamic International University Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kobayashi D, Murota K, Fujita R, Itokawa K, Kotaki A, Moi ML, Ejiri H, Maekawa Y, Ogawa K, Tsuda Y, Sasaki T, Kobayashi M, Takasaki T, Isawa H, Sawabe K. Dengue Virus Infection in Aedes albopictus during the 2014 Autochthonous Dengue Outbreak in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1460-1468. [PMID: 29557338 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2014 in Japan, 162 autochthonous dengue cases were reported for the first time in nearly 70 years. Here, we report the results of the detection and isolation of dengue virus (DENV) from mosquitoes collected in Tokyo Metropolis in 2014 and 2015. The phylogenetic relationship among DENV isolates from mosquitoes and from patients based on both the entire envelope gene and whole coding sequences was evaluated. Herein, 2,298 female and 956 male Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were collected at six suspected locations of DENV infection in Tokyo Metropolis from August to October in 2014 and grouped into 124 and 35 pools, respectively, for viral genome detection and DENV isolation. Dengue virus RNA was detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and TaqMan assays from 49 female pools; 16 isolates were obtained using C6/36 and Vero cells. High minimum infection rates (11.2-66.7) persisted until mid-September. All DENV isolates belonged to the genotype I in serotype 1 (DENV-1), and its sequences demonstrated > 99% homology to the sequence of the DENV isolated from a patient in the vicinity of Tokyo Metropolis in 2014. Therefore, Ae. albopictus was a major DENV vector, and a single DENV-1 strain circulated in Tokyo Metropolis in 2014. Dengue virus was not detected from male mosquitoes in 2014 and wild larvae in April 2015. Thus, the possibility of both vertical transmission and overwintering of DENV was extremely low, even in dengue-epidemic areas. This study reports the first entomological information on a dengue outbreak in a temperate region, where no Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujita
- Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kotaki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meng Ling Moi
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ejiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Control, National Defense Medical Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Maekawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuda
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sasaki
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Diniz DFA, de Albuquerque CMR, Oliva LO, de Melo-Santos MAV, Ayres CFJ. Diapause and quiescence: dormancy mechanisms that contribute to the geographical expansion of mosquitoes and their evolutionary success. Parasit Vectors 2017. [PMID: 28651558 PMCID: PMC5485599 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are insects belonging to the order Diptera and family Culicidae. They are distributed worldwide and include approximately 3500 species, of which about 300 have medical and veterinary importance. The evolutionary success of mosquitoes, in both tropical and temperate regions, is due to the various survival strategies these insects have developed throughout their life histories. Of the many adaptive mechanisms, diapause and quiescence, two different types of dormancy, likely contribute to the establishment, maintenance and spread of natural mosquito populations. This review seeks to objectively and coherently describe the terms diapause and quiescence, which can be confused in the literature because the phenotypic effects of these mechanisms are often similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Felipe Araujo Diniz
- Entomology Department, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Oliveira Oliva
- Zoology Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Varjal de Melo-Santos
- Entomology Department, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Constância Flávia Junqueira Ayres
- Entomology Department, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Pacidônio EC, Caragata EP, Alves DM, Marques JT, Moreira LA. The impact of Wolbachia infection on the rate of vertical transmission of dengue virus in Brazilian Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2017. [PMID: 28623959 PMCID: PMC5474007 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wolbachia pipientis is a common endosymbiotic bacterium of arthropods that strongly inhibits dengue virus (DENV) infection and transmission in the primary vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. For that reason, Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti are currently being released into the field as part of a novel strategy to reduce DENV transmission. However, there is evidence that DENV can be transmitted vertically from mother to progeny, and this may help the virus persist in nature in the absence of regular human transmission. The effect of Wolbachia infection on this process had not previously been examined. Results We challenged Ae. aegypti with different Brazilian DENV isolates either by oral feeding or intrathoracic injection to ensure disseminated infection. We examined the effect of Wolbachia infection on the prevalence of DENV infection, and viral load in the ovaries. For orally infected mosquitoes, Wolbachia decreased the prevalence of infection by 71.29%, but there was no such effect when the virus was injected. Interestingly, regardless of the method of infection, Wolbachia infection strongly reduced DENV load in the ovaries. We then looked at the effect of Wolbachia on vertical transmission, where we observed only very low rates of vertical transmission. There was a trend towards lower rates in the presence of Wolbachia, with overall maximum likelihood estimate of infection rates of 5.04 per 1000 larvae for mosquitoes without Wolbachia, and 1.93 per 1000 larvae for Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, after DENV injection. However, this effect was not statistically significant. Conclusions Our data support the idea that vertical transmission of DENV is rare in nature, even in the absence of Wolbachia. Indeed, we observed that vertical transmission rates were low even when the midgut barrier was bypassed, which might help to explain why we only observed a trend towards lower vertical transmission rates in the presence of Wolbachia. Nevertheless, the low prevalence of disseminated DENV infection and lower DENV load in the ovaries supports the hypothesis that the presence of Wolbachia in Ae. aegypti would have an effect on the vertical transmission of DENV in the field. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2236-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etiene Casagrande Pacidônio
- Grupo Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Current address: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric Pearce Caragata
- Grupo Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Debora Magalhães Alves
- Grupo Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Trindade Marques
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano Andrade Moreira
- Grupo Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Carvalho FD, Moreira LA. Why is Aedes aegypti Linnaeus so Successful as a Species? NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:243-255. [PMID: 28401481 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes impose enormous burden towards human morbidity and mortality. Over the last three decades, Brazil has suffered from severe Dengue epidemics. In September 2014, this situation is further complicated by the introduction of two other viruses, Zika and Chikungunya, placing Brazil in a triple epidemic. In this article, we discuss the biology of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, and the principal initiatives currently used to control mosquito populations and the diseases they transmit. Aedes aegypti has broad global distribution and is involved in the transmission of various arboviral diseases such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. Several factors contribute to the success of the species, particularly behavioral plasticity, rapid development, desiccation-resistant eggs, resistance to the principle insecticide classes currently available on the market, preference for the urban environment, and proximity to humans. Vector control programs are the best way to reduce the burden of mosquito-borne diseases. Chemical control is most commonly used in recent times, and unfortunately, the results have not been satisfactory but instead, there is increased vector dispersal and, subsequently, the spread of disease epidemics. Investigations of alternative control methods such as release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes for blocking vector-borne pathogens, release of transgenic mosquitoes carrying a lethal gene for offspring, and the use of insecticide-dispersing mosquitoes are under way in Brazil, and some have shown promising results. Special emphasis should be placed on integrated management of all available tactics, so as to maximize efforts towards mosquito control. Finally, we emphasize that continuous actions and community participation control initiatives are critically important for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Carvalho
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqRR / Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - L A Moreira
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqRR / Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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35
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da Costa CF, dos Passos RA, Lima JBP, Roque RA, de Souza Sampaio V, Campolina TB, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP. Transovarial transmission of DENV in Aedes aegypti in the Amazon basin: a local model of xenomonitoring. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:249. [PMID: 28526066 PMCID: PMC5437422 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transovarial transmission of dengue virus in Aedes spp. mosquitoes is considered an important mechanism for the maintenance of the virus in nature and may be implicated in the occurrence of outbreaks and epidemics of the disease. However, there are few studies involving transovarial transmission and viral vector monitoring as a surveillance tool and control strategy. The present study evaluated transovarial transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti populations as a xenomonitoring strategy in municipalities of the Amazonas state. RESULTS Aedes sp. eggs (13.164) were collected, with 30% viability of third- and fourth-instar larvae. Transovarial transmission of DENV was detected in all municipalities. The transovarial infection rate (TOR) in the municipalities was 46% of the DENV positive samples. The minimum infection rate (MIR) was 17.7 in the state, varying from 11.4 to 24.1 per 1,000 larvae tested in the respective municipalities. Four DENV serotypes were identified, with DENV I and IV being present in all municipalities investigated. The number of reported dengue fever cases varied during this period. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that transovarial transmission may be an important mechanism for the maintenance and spreading of the disease in Amazonas municipalities. Using qRT-PCR, it was possible to identify the four DENV serotypes in larval samples. The methodology used in the present study proved suitable as a DENV xenomonitoring model in immature mosquitoes, contributing to the development of systems for early detection of viral circulation and predictive models for the occurrence of outbreaks and epidemics of this disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION CAAE34025414200005015 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Fernandes da Costa
- Department of Environmental Surveillance, Health Surveillance Foundation of Amazonas State FVS-AM, Av. Torquato Tapajós, 6132, Colônia Santo Antônio, Zip 69.093-018 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
- Universidade Nilton Lins, Programa de Pró Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação - UNICENTER. Laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada, Office 160, Av. Professor Nilton Lins 3259, Parque das Laranjeiras, Zip: 69 058-030 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto dos Passos
- Department of Environmental Surveillance, Health Surveillance Foundation of Amazonas State FVS-AM, Av. Torquato Tapajós, 6132, Colônia Santo Antônio, Zip 69.093-018 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors - Oswaldo Cruz Institute – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors - Oswaldo Cruz Institute – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Aparecida Roque
- Malaria and Dengue Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2.936 Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas P.O. Box 2223, Zip 69080-971 Brazil
| | - Vanderson de Souza Sampaio
- Department of Environmental Surveillance, Health Surveillance Foundation of Amazonas State FVS-AM, Av. Torquato Tapajós, 6132, Colônia Santo Antônio, Zip 69.093-018 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Thais Bonifácio Campolina
- René Rachou Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Zip 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino
- René Rachou Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Zip 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- René Rachou Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Zip 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
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36
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Manore CA, Ostfeld RS, Agusto FB, Gaff H, LaDeau SL. Defining the Risk of Zika and Chikungunya Virus Transmission in Human Population Centers of the Eastern United States. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005255. [PMID: 28095405 PMCID: PMC5319773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent spread of mosquito-transmitted viruses and associated disease to the Americas motivates a new, data-driven evaluation of risk in temperate population centers. Temperate regions are generally expected to pose low risk for significant mosquito-borne disease; however, the spread of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) across densely populated urban areas has established a new landscape of risk. We use a model informed by field data to assess the conditions likely to facilitate local transmission of chikungunya and Zika viruses from an infected traveler to Ae. albopictus and then to other humans in USA cities with variable human densities and seasonality. Mosquito-borne disease occurs when specific combinations of conditions maximize virus-to-mosquito and mosquito-to-human contact rates. We develop a mathematical model that captures the epidemiology and is informed by current data on vector ecology from urban sites. The model demonstrates that under specific but realistic conditions, fifty-percent of introductions by infectious travelers to a high human, high mosquito density city could initiate local transmission and 10% of the introductions could result in 100 or more people infected. Despite the propensity for Ae. albopictus to bite non-human vertebrates, we also demonstrate that local virus transmission and human outbreaks may occur when vectors feed from humans even just 40% of the time. Inclusion of human behavioral changes and mitigations were not incorporated into the models and would likely reduce predicted infections. This work demonstrates how a conditional series of non-average events can result in local arbovirus transmission and outbreaks of human disease, even in temperate cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A. Manore
- Center for Computational Science Tulane University New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
- New Mexico Consortium, Suite 301 Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Ostfeld
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Box AB, 2801 Sharon Turnpike Millbrook, NY United States of America
| | - Folashade B. Agusto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Haworth Hall Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Holly Gaff
- Department of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, South Africa
| | - Shannon L. LaDeau
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Box AB, 2801 Sharon Turnpike Millbrook, NY United States of America
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Viennet E, Ritchie SA, Williams CR, Faddy HM, Harley D. Public Health Responses to and Challenges for the Control of Dengue Transmission in High-Income Countries: Four Case Studies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004943. [PMID: 27643596 PMCID: PMC5028037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue has a negative impact in low- and lower middle-income countries, but also affects upper middle- and high-income countries. Despite the efforts at controlling this disease, it is unclear why dengue remains an issue in affluent countries. A better understanding of dengue epidemiology and its burden, and those of chikungunya virus and Zika virus which share vectors with dengue, is required to prevent the emergence of these diseases in high-income countries in the future. The purpose of this review was to assess the relative burden of dengue in four high-income countries and to appraise the similarities and differences in dengue transmission. We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar using specific keywords for articles published up to 05 May 2016. We found that outbreaks rarely occur where only Aedes albopictus is present. The main similarities between countries uncovered by our review are the proximity to dengue-endemic countries, the presence of a competent mosquito vector, a largely nonimmune population, and a lack of citizens' engagement in control of mosquito breeding. We identified important epidemiological and environmental issues including the increase of local transmission despite control efforts, population growth, difficulty locating larval sites, and increased human mobility from neighboring endemic countries. Budget cuts in health and lack of practical vaccines contribute to an increased risk. To be successful, dengue-control programs for high-income countries must consider the epidemiology of dengue in other countries and use this information to minimize virus importation, improve the control of the cryptic larval habitat, and engage the community in reducing vector breeding. Finally, the presence of a communicable disease center is critical for managing and reducing future disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvina Viennet
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott A. Ritchie
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig R. Williams
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Harley
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Ulanday GEL, Okamoto K, Morita K. Development and utility of an in vitro, fluorescence-based assay for the discovery of novel compounds against dengue 2 viral protease. Trop Med Health 2016; 44:22. [PMID: 27551237 PMCID: PMC4979183 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-016-0025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue disease is one of the most significant vector-borne illnesses in the world. The emergence and re-emergence of dengue infections in many parts of the world affect millions annually and continue to burden public health systems especially in low-income populations. Advances in dengue vaccine development showed promising results; however, protection seems to be suboptimal. There is no licensed chemotherapeutic agent against dengue to date. An ideal scenario of combinatorial vaccination of high-risk individuals and chemotherapy of the diseased during outbreaks may compensate for the meager protection offered by the vaccine. The dengue virus protease is important to viral replication and, as such, has been identified as a potential target for antivirals. It is, therefore, our objective to establish and optimize an appropriate screening method for use during the early stages of drug development for dengue. Methods In this study, we developed and optimized a biochemical assay system for use in screening compound libraries against dengue virus protease. We tested the selected protease inhibitors with a cell-based assay to determine inhibition of viral replication. Results We have presented direct plots of substrate kinetics data showing an apparent inhibition of the protease at excessive substrate concentrations. The most common sources of interference that may have affected the said observation were elucidated. Finally, a screen was done on an existing compound library using the developed method. The compounds selected in this study showed inhibitory activity against both the recombinant dengue protease and cell-based infectivity assays. Conclusions Our study shows the practicality of a customized biochemical assay to find possible inhibitors of dengue viral protease during the initial stages of drug discovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41182-016-0025-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianne Eduard L Ulanday
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan ; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenta Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan ; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan ; Leading Graduate School Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Khan J, Khan I, Amin I. A Comprehensive Entomological, Serological and Molecular Study of 2013 Dengue Outbreak of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147416. [PMID: 26848847 PMCID: PMC4746065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus play a fundamental role in transmission of dengue virus to humans. A single infected Aedes mosquito is capable to act as a reservoir/amplifier host for dengue virus and may cause epidemics via horizontal and vertical modes of dengue virus (DENV) transmission. The present and future dengue development can be clarified by understanding the elements which help the dissemination of dengue transmission. The current study deals with molecular surveillance of dengue in addition to ecological and social context of 2013 dengue epidemics in Swat, Pakistan. METHODS Herein, we reported dengue vectors surveillance in domestic and peridomistic containers in public and private places in 7 dengue epidemic-prone sites in District Swat, Pakistan from July to November 2013. Using the Flaviviruses genus-specific reverse transcriptase (RT) semi nested-PCR assay, we screened blood samples (N = 500) of dengue positive patients, 150 adult mosquito pools and 25 larval pools. RESULTS The 34 adult and 7 larval mosquito pools were found positive. The adult positive pools comprised 30 pools of Ae. aegypti and 4 pools of Ae. albopictus, while among the 7 larval pools, 5 pools of Ae. aegypti and 2 pools of Ae. albopictus were positive. The detected putative genomes of dengue virus were of DENV-2 (35% in 14 mosquito pools & 39% in serum) and DENV-3 (65% in 27 mosquito pools & 61% in serum). The higher vector density and dengue transmission rate was recorded in July and August (due to favorable conditions for vector growth). About 37% of Ae. aegpti and 34% Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were collected from stagnant water in drums, followed by drinking water tanks (23% & 26%), tires (20% & 18%) and discarded containers (10% & 6%). Among the surveyed areas, Saidu was heavily affected (26%) by dengue followed by Kanju (20% and Landikas (12%). The maximum infection was observed in the age group of <15 (40%) followed by 15-45 (35%) and >45 (25%) years and was more in males (55.3%) as compare to females (44.7%). The increase in vector mosquito density and the subsequent viral transmission was determined by a complex interplay of ecological, biological and social factors. CONCLUSION The suitable environmental conditions and discriminable role of Aedes through trans-ovarial transmission of DENV is indispensable in the recent geographic increase of dengue in Pakistan. Climate change affects the survival and dispersion of vectors as well as the transmission rates of dengue. Control of Aedes mosquitoes (vectors) and elimination of breeding sources must be emphasized and prioritized. Such actions may not only reduce the risk of dengue transmission during epidemics, but also minimize the chances of dengue viruses establishment in new (non endemic) areas of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehangir Khan
- Zoology Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Bunir Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Inamullah Khan
- Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), G.T Road, Tarnab Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ibne Amin
- Zoology Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Bunir Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan
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Buckner EA, Alto BW, Lounibos LP. Larval Temperature-Food Effects on Adult Mosquito Infection and Vertical Transmission of Dengue-1 Virus. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:91-8. [PMID: 26489999 PMCID: PMC5007597 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-food interactions in the larval environment can affect life history and population growth of container mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse, the primary vectors of chikungunya and dengue viruses. We used Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and dengue-1 virus (DENV-1) from Florida to investigate whether larval rearing temperature can alter the effects of larval food levels on Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus life history and DENV-1 infection and vertical transmission. Although we found no effect of larval treatments on survivorship to adulthood, DENV-1 titer, or DENV-1 vertical transmission, rates of vertical transmission up to 16-24% were observed in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, which may contribute to maintenance of this virus in nature. Larval treatments had no effect on number of progeny and DENV-1 infection in Ae. aegypti, but the interaction between temperature and food affected number of progeny and DENV-1 infection of the female Ae. albopictus parent. The cooler temperature (24°C) yielded the most progeny and this effect was accentuated by high food relative to the other conditions. Low and high food led to the highest (∼90%) and lowest (∼65%) parental infection at the cooler temperature, respectively, whereas intermediate infection rates (∼75-80%) were observed for all food conditions at the elevated temperature. These results suggest that temperature and food availability have minimal influence on rate of vertical transmission and a stronger influence on adults of Ae. albopictus than of Ae. aegypti, which could have consequences for dengue virus epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva A Buckner
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, 200 9th St. S.E., Vero Beach, FL 32962 (; ; ), Current address: Manatee County Mosquito Control District, 2317 2nd Ave. West, Palmetto, FL 34221, and
| | - Barry W Alto
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, 200 9th St. S.E., Vero Beach, FL 32962 (; ; ),
| | - L Philip Lounibos
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, 200 9th St. S.E., Vero Beach, FL 32962 (; ; )
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van Dodewaard CAM, Richards SL, Harris JW. Effects of Blood Coagulate Removal Method on Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Life Table Characteristics and Vector Competence for Dengue Virus. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:39-47. [PMID: 26474883 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available blood can be used as an alternative to live animals to maintain mosquito colonies and deliver infectious bloodmeals during research studies. We analyzed the extent to which two methods for blood coagulate removal (defibrination or addition of sodium citrate) affected life table characteristics (i.e., fecundity, fertility, hatch rate, and adult survival) and vector competence (infection, dissemination, and transmission) of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) for dengue virus (DENV). Two types of bovine blood were tested at two extrinsic incubation temperatures (27 or 30°C) for DENV-infected and uninfected mosquitoes. Fully engorged mosquitoes were transferred to individual cages containing an oviposition cup and a substrate. Eggs (fecundity) and hatched larvae (fertility) were counted. At 14 and 21 d post feeding on a DENV-infected bloodmeal, 15 mosquitoes were sampled from each group, and vector competence was analyzed (bodies [infection], legs [dissemination], and saliva [transmission]). Differences in life table characteristics and vector competence were analyzed for mosquitoes fed blood processed using different methods for removal of coagulates. The method for removal of coagulates significantly impacted fecundity, fertility, and hatch time in the uninfected group, but not DENV-infected group. Infected mosquitoes showed significantly higher fecundity and faster hatch time than uninfected mosquitoes. We show no significant differences in infection or dissemination rates between groups; however, horizontal transmission rate was significantly higher in mosquitoes fed DENV-infected citrated compared with defibrinated blood. We expect the findings of this study to inform research using artificial blood delivery methods to assess vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A M van Dodewaard
- Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, 3403 Carol Belk Building, Greenville, NC 27858 (; ; ) and
| | - Stephanie L Richards
- Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, 3403 Carol Belk Building, Greenville, NC 27858 (; ; ) and
| | - Jonathan W Harris
- Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, 3403 Carol Belk Building, Greenville, NC 27858 (; ; ) and
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Grunnill M, Boots M. How Important is Vertical Transmission of Dengue Viruses by Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1-19. [PMID: 26545718 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertical transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes was discovered at the end of the late 1970s and has been suggested to be a means by which these viruses persist. However, it is unclear how widespread it is in nature, and its importance in the epidemiology of this disease is still debated. Here, we review the literature on vertical transmission and discuss its role in dengue's epidemiology and control. We conclude that given the number of studies that failed to find evidence of vertical transmission, as well as mathematical models and its mechanistic basis, it is unlikely that vertical transmission is important for the epidemiological persistence of dengue viruses. A combination of asymptomatic infection in humans and movement of people are likely to be more important determinants of dengue's persistence. We argue, however, that there may be some need for further research into the prevalence of dengue viruses in desiccated, as well as diapausing, eggs and the role of horizontal transmission through larval cannibalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grunnill
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom ,
| | - Michael Boots
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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43
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Stevanovic AL, Arnold PA, Johnson KN. Wolbachia-mediated antiviral protection in Drosophila larvae and adults following oral infection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:8215-23. [PMID: 26407882 PMCID: PMC4651092 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02841-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding viral dynamics in arthropods is of great importance when designing models to describe how viral spread can influence arthropod populations. The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia spp., which is present in up to 40% of all insect species, has the ability to alter viral dynamics in both Drosophila spp. and mosquitoes, a feature that in mosquitoes may be utilized to limit spread of important arboviruses. To understand the potential effect of Wolbachia on viral dynamics in nature, it is important to consider the impact of natural routes of virus infection on Wolbachia antiviral effects. Using adult Drosophila strains, we show here that Drosophila-Wolbachia associations that have previously been shown to confer antiviral protection following systemic viral infection also confer protection against virus-induced mortality following oral exposure to Drosophila C virus in adults. Interestingly, a different pattern was observed when the same fly lines were challenged with the virus when still larvae. Analysis of the four Drosophila-Wolbachia associations that were protective in adults indicated that only the w1118-wMelPop association conferred protection in larvae following oral delivery of the virus. Analysis of Wolbachia density using quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that a high Wolbachia density was congruent with antiviral protection in both adults and larvae. This study indicates that Wolbachia-mediated protection may vary between larval and adult stages of a given Wolbachia-host combination and that the variations in susceptibility by life stage correspond with Wolbachia density. The differences in the outcome of virus infection are likely to influence viral dynamics in Wolbachia-infected insect populations in nature and could also have important implications for the transmission of arboviruses in mosquito populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksej L Stevanovic
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pieter A Arnold
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karyn N Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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44
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Ismail NA, Dom NC, Ismail R, Ahmad AH, Zaki A, Camalxaman SN. Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I Gene Sequence Analysis of Aedes Albopictus in Malaysia. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2015; 31:305-312. [PMID: 26675451 DOI: 10.2987/moco-31-04-305-312.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to establish polymorphic variation of the mitochondrial DNA encoding the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene in Aedes albopictus isolated from 2 hot spot dengue-infested areas in the Subang Jaya District, Malaysia. A phylogenetic analysis was performed with the use of sequences obtained from USJ6 and Taman Subang Mas (TSM). Comparison of the local CO1 sequences with a laboratory strain (USM), alongside reference strains derived from the GenBank database revealed low genetic variation in terms of nucleotide differences and haplotype diversity. Four methods were used to construct a phylogenetic tree and illustrate the genetic relationship of the 37 Ae. albopictus populations based on the CO1 sequences, namely neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian method, which revealed a distinct relationship between isolates from USJ6 and TSM. Our findings provide new information regarding the genetic diversity among morphologically similar Ae. albopictus, which has not been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul-Ain Ismail
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Che Dom
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rodziah Ismail
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Ahmad
- 2 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Afiq Zaki
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nazrina Camalxaman
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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45
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Wong HV, Vythilingam I, Sulaiman WYW, Lulla A, Merits A, Chan YF, Sam IC. Detection of Persistent Chikungunya Virus RNA but not Infectious Virus in Experimental Vertical Transmission in Aedes aegypti from Malaysia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 94:182-6. [PMID: 26598564 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission may contribute to the maintenance of arthropod-borne viruses, but its existence in chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is unclear. Experimental vertical transmission of infectious clones of CHIKV in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Malaysia was investigated. Eggs and adult progeny from the second gonotrophic cycles of infected parental mosquitoes were tested. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 56.3% of pooled eggs and 10% of adult progeny had detectable CHIKV RNA, but no samples had detectable infectious virus by plaque assay. Transfected CHIKV RNA from PCR-positive eggs did not yield infectious virus in BHK-21 cells. Thus, vertical transmission of viable CHIKV was not demonstrated. Noninfectious CHIKV RNA persists in eggs and progeny of infected Ae. aegypti, but the mechanism and significance are unknown. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that vertical transmission exists in CHIKV, as positive results reported in previous studies were almost exclusively based only on viral RNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Vern Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Wan Yusof Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aleksei Lulla
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Merits
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Fu Q, Inankur B, Yin J, Striker R, Lan Q. Sterol Carrier Protein 2, a Critical Host Factor for Dengue Virus Infection, Alters the Cholesterol Distribution in Mosquito Aag2 Cells. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 52:1124-1134. [PMID: 26336241 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Host factors that enable dengue virus (DENV) to propagate in the mosquito host cells are unclear. It is known that cellular cholesterol plays an important role in the life cycle of DENV in human host cells but unknown if the lipid requirements differ for mosquito versus mammalian. In mosquito Aedes aegypti, sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2) is critical for cellular cholesterol homeostasis. In this study, we identified SCP-2 as a critical host factor for DENV production in mosquito Aag2 cells. Treatment with a small molecule commonly referred to as SCPI-1, (N-(4-{[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}phenyl)acetamide hydrobromide, a known inhibitor of SCP-2, or knockdown of SCP-2 dramatically repressed the virus production in mosquito but not mammalian cells. We showed that the intracellular cholesterol distribution in mosquito cells was altered by SCP-2 inhibitor treatment, suggesting that SCP-2-mediated cholesterol trafficking pathway is important for DENV viral production. A comparison of the effect of SCP-2 on mosquito and human cells suggests that SCPI-1 treatment decreases cholesterol in both cell lines, but this decrease in cholesterol only leads to a decline in viral titer in mosquito host cells, perhaps, owing to a more drastic effect on perinuclear cholesterol storages in mosquito cells that was absent in human cells. SCP-2 had no inhibitory effect on another enveloped RNA virus grown in mosquito cells, suggesting that SCP-2 does not have a generalized anti-cellular or antiviral effect. Our cell culture results imply that SCP-2 may play a limiting role in mosquito-dengue vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI.
| | - Bahar Inankur
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - John Yin
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - Rob Striker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI
| | - Que Lan
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI. Deceased
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Calderón-Arguedas O, Troyo A, Moreira-Soto RD, Marín R, Taylor L. Dengue viruses in Aedes albopictus Skuse from a pineapple plantation in Costa Rica. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2015; 40:184-186. [PMID: 26047200 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olger Calderón-Arguedas
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Adriana Troyo
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Rolando D Moreira-Soto
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, San José, Costa Rica
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Rodrigo Marín
- Programa de Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lizeth Taylor
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, San José, Costa Rica
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48
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Carrasquilla MC, Lounibos LP. Detection of insemination status in live Aedes aegypti females. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 75:1-4. [PMID: 25721054 PMCID: PMC4385415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using the technique described in this report, the presence or absence of sperm in spermathecae of female Aedes aegypti is detectable without dissection. Spermathecae of a lightly anesthetized female can be visualized by phase contrast microscopy through the distended abdomen, after the intersegmental membranes are stretched by ventral placement of a glass cover slip. Most females recovered after the procedure were capable of subsequent reproductive activities. Albeit tedious, this technique preserves the female alive for subsequent experiments or observations. Its extension to other mosquito species, or other Diptera and insects, will depend on spermathecal and sperm visibility through the distended abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Carrasquilla
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th Street S.E., Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA.
| | - L Philip Lounibos
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th Street S.E., Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
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49
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Sang S, Chen B, Wu H, Yang Z, Di B, Wang L, Tao X, Liu X, Liu Q. Dengue is still an imported disease in China: a case study in Guangzhou. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 32:178-90. [PMID: 25772205 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus and its four serotypes (DENV 1-4) infect approximately 390 million people worldwide each year, with most cases in tropical and subtropical regions. Because of repeated introduction of DENV from epidemic regions and suitable weather conditions, many regions have shifted from hypo-endemicity to hyper-endemicity over recent decades. Since the first dengue outbreak in 1978, it is crucial to understand the current situation in China over nearly 40 years. The purpose of the study was to examine whether dengue in China was endemic or not, which is essential for relevant dengue control and prevention strategy implementation in China. The study, combining epidemiological characteristics of dengue from the disease notification system, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses, showed that all four serotypes had been detected in Guangzhou, China, which was dominated by DENV 1-2. The Maximum Likelihood tree analytic results showed that the virus detected in Guangzhou localized in different clades, except of virus of 2002 and 2003 clustered together. There existed the mutual introductions between Guangzhou and Southeast Asia. Most of the viruses were imported from Southeast Asia and the sources of outbreaks in Guangzhou mainly originated from Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The study indicates that dengue in China still remains as an imported disease, with the possibility of localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Sang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Xiamen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xiamen 361012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicong Yang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Di
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Tao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China; Centre for Environment and Population Health, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Queensland 4111, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
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Alto BW, Smartt CT, Shin D, Bettinardi D, Malicoate J, Anderson SL, Richards SL. Susceptibility of Florida Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to dengue viruses from Puerto Rico. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2014; 39:406-13. [PMID: 25424270 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Locally acquired dengue cases in the continental U.S. are rare. However, outbreaks of dengue-1 during 2009, 2010, and 2013 in Florida and dengue-1 and -2 in Texas suggest vulnerability to transmission. Travel and commerce between Puerto Rico and the U.S. mainland is common, which may pose a risk for traveler-imported dengue cases. Mosquitoes were collected in Florida and used to evaluate their susceptibility to dengue viruses (DENV) from Puerto Rico. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were susceptible to virus infection with DENV-1 and -2. No significant differences were observed in rates of midgut infection or dissemination between Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus for DENV-1 (6-14%). Aedes aegypti was significantly more susceptible to midgut infection with DENV-2 than Ae. albopictus (Ae. aegypti, ∼28%; Ae. albopictus, ∼9%). The dissemination rate with dengue-2 virus for Ae. aegypti (23%) was greater than Ae. albopictus (0%), suggesting that Ae. albopictus is not likely to be an important transmitter of the DENV-2 isolate from Puerto Rico. These results are discussed in light of Florida's vulnerability to DENV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Alto
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL 32962, U.S.A..
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