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Cohen EM, Russeth TE, Thati N. Hypereosinophilia as a presenting sign of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a rare, severe presentation. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e256235. [PMID: 38151269 PMCID: PMC10753747 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) is the third most lethal malignancy worldwide with only a 7.7% 5-year survival rate. Prognosis is poor with more than 50% of patients presenting with stage IV disease. Despite focused attention on early detection and treatment, pathogenesis and early symptomatology are not well described. In addition to prodromal symptoms, hypereosinophilia has been identified as a marker of malignancy in both PA and other solid tumour and haematological malignancies. Peripheral hypereosinophilia (PH) secondary to solid organ tumours, however, is rare, with only four cases of PA reported to date. We present a case of advanced PA with associated severe PH in a man in his early 50s. Time from diagnosis to death in this patient was only 6 weeks, emphasising the need to consider malignancy in the differential diagnosis for a patient that presents with a severe PH of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Cohen
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tyler E Russeth
- Internal Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neelima Thati
- Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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2
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Esnault S, Jarjour NN. Development of Adaptive Immunity and Its Role in Lung Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:287-351. [PMID: 37464127 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airflow limitations resulting from bronchial closure, which can be either reversible or fixed due to changes in airway tissue composition and structure, also known as remodeling. Airway remodeling is defined as increased presence of mucins-producing epithelial cells, increased thickness of airway smooth muscle cells, angiogenesis, increased number and activation state of fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Airway inflammation is believed to be the main cause of the development of airway remodeling in asthma. In this chapter, we will review the development of the adaptive immune response and the impact of its mediators and cells on the elements defining airway remodeling in asthma.
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3
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IL-5 and GM-CSF, but Not IL-3, Promote the Proliferative Properties of Inflammatory-like and Lung Resident-like Eosinophils in the Blood of Asthma Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233804. [PMID: 36497064 PMCID: PMC9740659 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood eosinophils can be described as inflammatory-like (iEOS-like) and lung-resident-like (rEOS-like) eosinophils. This study is based on the hypothesis that eosinophilopoetins such as interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alter the proliferative properties of eosinophil subtypes and may be associated with the expression of their receptors on eosinophils. We investigated 8 individuals with severe nonallergic eosinophilic asthma (SNEA), 17 nonsevere allergic asthma (AA), and 11 healthy subjects (HS). For AA patients, a bronchial allergen challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was performed. Eosinophils were isolated from peripheral blood using high-density centrifugation and magnetic separation methods. The subtyping of eosinophils was based on magnetic bead-conjugated antibodies against L-selectin. Preactivation by eosinophilopoetins was performed by incubating eosinophil subtypes with IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF, and individual combined cell cultures were prepared with airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. ASM cell proliferation was assessed using an Alamar blue assay. The gene expression of eosinophilopoetin receptors was analyzed with a qPCR. IL-5 and GM-CSF significantly enhanced the proliferative properties of iEOS-like and rEOS-like cells on ASM cells in both SNEA and AA groups compared with eosinophils not activated by cytokines (p < 0.05). Moreover, rEOS-like cells demonstrated a higher gene expression of the IL-3 and IL-5 receptors compared with iEOS-like cells in the SNEA and AA groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion: IL-5 and GM-CSF promote the proliferative properties of iEOS-like and rEOS-like eosinophils; however, the effect of only IL-5 may be related to the expression of its receptors in asthma patients.
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4
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Chelsky ZL, Saleh M, Laziuk K, Hammer RD. The value of next generation sequencing in the diagnosis of a rare cause of eosinophilia: B cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(5;14)(q31;q32). J Hematop 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-022-00521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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5
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Eosinophilic inflammation: An Appealing Target for Pharmacologic Treatments in Severe Asthma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092181. [PMID: 36140282 PMCID: PMC9496162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma is characterized by different endotypes driven by complex pathologic mechanisms. In most patients with both allergic and non-allergic asthma, predominant eosinophilic airway inflammation is present. Given the central role of eosinophilic inflammation in the pathophysiology of most cases of severe asthma and considering that severe eosinophilic asthmatic patients respond partially or poorly to corticosteroids, in recent years, research has focused on the development of targeted anti-eosinophil biological therapies; this review will focus on the unique and particular biology of the eosinophil, as well as on the current knowledge about the pathobiology of eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatic airways. Finally, current and prospective anti-eosinophil therapeutic strategies will be discussed, examining the reason why eosinophilic inflammation represents an appealing target for the pharmacological treatment of patients with severe asthma.
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6
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Autophagy Protects against Eosinophil Cytolysis and Release of DNA. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111821. [PMID: 35681515 PMCID: PMC9180302 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of eosinophils in the airway is associated with asthma severity and risk of exacerbations. Eosinophils deposit their damaging products in airway tissue, likely by degranulation and cytolysis. We previously showed that priming blood eosinophils with IL3 strongly increased their cytolysis on aggregated IgG. Conversely, IL5 priming did not result in significant eosinophil cytolysis in the same condition. Therefore, to identify critical events protecting eosinophils from cell cytolysis, we examined the differential intracellular events between IL5- and IL3-primed eosinophils interacting with IgG. We showed that both IL3 and IL5 priming increased the eosinophil adhesion to IgG, phosphorylation of p38, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased the phosphorylation of cofilin. However, autophagic flux as measured by the quantification of SQSTM1-p62 and lipidated-MAP1L3CB over time on IgG, with or without bafilomycin-A1, was higher in IL5-primed compared to IL3-primed eosinophils. In addition, treatment with bafilomycin-A1, an inhibitor of granule acidification and autophagolysosome formation, enhanced eosinophil cytolysis and DNA trap formation in IL5-primed eosinophils. Therefore, this study suggests that increased autophagy in eosinophils protects from cytolysis and the release of DNA, and thus limits the discharge of damaging intracellular eosinophilic contents.
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7
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Nephrotoxicity evaluation and proteomic analysis in kidneys of rats exposed to thioacetamide. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6837. [PMID: 35477741 PMCID: PMC9046159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA) was administered orally at 0, 10, and 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) daily to Sprague–Dawley rats aged 6–7 weeks for 28 consecutive days. Nephrotoxicity and proteomics were evaluated in the kidneys of rats exposed to TAA. The BW decreased, however, the relative kidneys weight increased. No significant histopathologic abnormalities were found in the kidneys. The numbers of monocytes and platelets were significantly increased. However, the mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit values were decreased significantly in rats exposed to 30 mg/kg BW TAA. The expression levels of Kim-1 and NGAL were increased 4 to 5-fold in the kidneys, resulting in significant nephrotoxicity. Proteomic analysis was conducted and a total of 5221 proteins spots were resolved. Of these, 3 and 21 protein spots were up- and downregulated, respectively. The validation of seven proteins was performed by Western blot analysis. The expression level of ASAP2 was significantly upregulated, whereas RGS14, MAP7Dl, IL-3Rα, Tmod1, NQO2, and MUP were reduced. Sixteen isoforms of MUP were found by the 2DE immunoblot assay and were significantly downregulated with increasing exposure to TAA. MUP isoforms were compared in the liver, kidneys, and urine of untreated rats and a total of 43 isoforms were found.
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Schetters STT, Schuijs MJ. Pulmonary Eosinophils at the Center of the Allergic Space-Time Continuum. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772004. [PMID: 34868033 PMCID: PMC8634472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are typically a minority population of circulating granulocytes being released from the bone-marrow as terminally differentiated cells. Besides their function in the defense against parasites and in promoting allergic airway inflammation, regulatory functions have now been attributed to eosinophils in various organs. Although eosinophils are involved in the inflammatory response to allergens, it remains unclear whether they are drivers of the asthma pathology or merely recruited effector cells. Recent findings highlight the homeostatic and pro-resolving capacity of eosinophils and raise the question at what point in time their function is regulated. Similarly, eosinophils from different physical locations display phenotypic and functional diversity. However, it remains unclear whether eosinophil plasticity remains as they develop and travel from the bone marrow to the tissue, in homeostasis or during inflammation. In the tissue, eosinophils of different ages and origin along the inflammatory trajectory may exhibit functional diversity as circumstances change. Herein, we outline the inflammatory time line of allergic airway inflammation from acute, late, adaptive to chronic processes. We summarize the function of the eosinophils in regards to their resident localization and time of recruitment to the lung, in all stages of the inflammatory response. In all, we argue that immunological differences in eosinophils are a function of time and space as the allergic inflammatory response is initiated and resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Mikhaylova AV, McHugh CP, Polfus LM, Raffield LM, Boorgula MP, Blackwell TW, Brody JA, Broome J, Chami N, Chen MH, Conomos MP, Cox C, Curran JE, Daya M, Ekunwe L, Glahn DC, Heard-Costa N, Highland HM, Hobbs BD, Ilboudo Y, Jain D, Lange LA, Miller-Fleming TW, Min N, Moon JY, Preuss MH, Rosen J, Ryan K, Smith AV, Sun Q, Surendran P, de Vries PS, Walter K, Wang Z, Wheeler M, Yanek LR, Zhong X, Abecasis GR, Almasy L, Barnes KC, Beaty TH, Becker LC, Blangero J, Boerwinkle E, Butterworth AS, Chavan S, Cho MH, Choquet H, Correa A, Cox N, DeMeo DL, Faraday N, Fornage M, Gerszten RE, Hou L, Johnson AD, Jorgenson E, Kaplan R, Kooperberg C, Kundu K, Laurie CA, Lettre G, Lewis JP, Li B, Li Y, Lloyd-Jones DM, Loos RJF, Manichaikul A, Meyers DA, Mitchell BD, Morrison AC, Ngo D, Nickerson DA, Nongmaithem S, North KE, O'Connell JR, Ortega VE, Pankratz N, Perry JA, Psaty BM, Rich SS, Soranzo N, Rotter JI, Silverman EK, Smith NL, Tang H, Tracy RP, Thornton TA, Vasan RS, Zein J, Mathias RA, Reiner AP, Auer PL. Whole-genome sequencing in diverse subjects identifies genetic correlates of leukocyte traits: The NHLBI TOPMed program. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1836-1851. [PMID: 34582791 PMCID: PMC8546043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many common and rare variants associated with hematologic traits have been discovered through imputation on large-scale reference panels. However, the majority of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted in Europeans, and determining causal variants has proved challenging. We performed a GWAS of total leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts generated from 109,563,748 variants in the autosomes and the X chromosome in the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program, which included data from 61,802 individuals of diverse ancestry. We discovered and replicated 7 leukocyte trait associations, including (1) the association between a chromosome X, pseudo-autosomal region (PAR), noncoding variant located between cytokine receptor genes (CSF2RA and CLRF2) and lower eosinophil count; and (2) associations between single variants found predominantly among African Americans at the S1PR3 (9q22.1) and HBB (11p15.4) loci and monocyte and lymphocyte counts, respectively. We further provide evidence indicating that the newly discovered eosinophil-lowering chromosome X PAR variant might be associated with reduced susceptibility to common allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. Additionally, we found a burden of very rare FLT3 (13q12.2) variants associated with monocyte counts. Together, these results emphasize the utility of whole-genome sequencing in diverse samples in identifying associations missed by European-ancestry-driven GWASs.
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MESH Headings
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/genetics
- Asthma/metabolism
- Asthma/pathology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome, Human
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Leukocytes/pathology
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.)
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Prognosis
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteome/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Quantitative Trait Loci
- United Kingdom/epidemiology
- United States/epidemiology
- Whole Genome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Mikhaylova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Caitlin P McHugh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Linda M Polfus
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meher Preethi Boorgula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas W Blackwell
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jai Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Nathalie Chami
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Matthew P Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Corey Cox
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78539, USA
| | - Michelle Daya
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lynette Ekunwe
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yann Ilboudo
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tyne W Miller-Fleming
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Nancy Min
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jonathon Rosen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Praveen Surendran
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Klaudia Walter
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marsha Wheeler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xue Zhong
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78539, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Sameer Chavan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94601, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Nancy Cox
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nauder Faraday
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60661, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kousik Kundu
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Cecelia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Departments of Biostatistics, Genetics, and Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60661, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60661, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debby Ngo
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Suraj Nongmaithem
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James A Perry
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Health Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Health Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Timothy A Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA; Departments of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joe Zein
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Paul L Auer
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA.
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10
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11
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Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Gil-Martínez M, Sastre B, del Pozo V. Emerging Evidence for Pleiotropism of Eosinophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137075. [PMID: 34209213 PMCID: PMC8269185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are complex granulocytes with the capacity to react upon diverse stimuli due to their numerous and variable surface receptors, which allows them to respond in very different manners. Traditionally believed to be only part of parasitic and allergic/asthmatic immune responses, as scientific studies arise, the paradigm about these cells is continuously changing, adding layers of complexity to their roles in homeostasis and disease. Developing principally in the bone marrow by the action of IL-5 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF, eosinophils migrate from the blood to very different organs, performing multiple functions in tissue homeostasis as in the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, uterus, mammary glands, liver, and skeletal muscle. In organs such as the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, eosinophils are able to act as immune regulatory cells and also to perform direct actions against parasites, and bacteria, where novel mechanisms of immune defense as extracellular DNA traps are key factors. Besides, eosinophils, are of importance in an effective response against viral pathogens by their nuclease enzymatic activity and have been lately described as involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 immunity. The pleiotropic role of eosinophils is sustained because eosinophils can be also detrimental to human physiology, for example, in diseases like allergies, asthma, and eosinophilic esophagitis, where exosomes can be significant pathophysiologic units. These eosinophilic pathologies, require specific treatments by eosinophils control, such as new monoclonal antibodies like mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab. In this review, we describe the roles of eosinophils as effectors and regulatory cells and their involvement in pathological disorders and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martínez
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (V.d.P.)
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (V.d.P.)
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12
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Gmoshinski IV, Shipelin VA, Trusov NV, Apryatin SA, Mzhelskaya KV, Shumakova AA, Timonin AN, Riger NA, Nikityuk DB. Effects of Tyrosine and Tryptophan Supplements on the Vital Indicators in Mice Differently Prone to Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115956. [PMID: 34073081 PMCID: PMC8198440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effects of the addition of large neutral amino acids, such as tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp), in mice DBA/2J and tetrahybrid mice DBCB receiving a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) for 65 days. The locomotor activity, anxiety, muscle tone, mass of internal organs, liver morphology, adipokines, cytokines, and biochemical indices of animals were assessed. The Tyr supplementation potentiated increased anxiety in EPM and contributed to a muscle tone increase, a decrease in the AST/ALT ratio, and an increase in protein anabolism in both mice strains. Tyr contributed to a decrease in liver fatty degeneration and ALT reduction only in DBCB that were sensitive to the development of obesity. The addition of Trp caused an increase in muscle tone and potentiated an increase in anxiety with age in animals of both genotypes. Trp had toxic effects on the livers of mice, which was manifested in increased fatty degeneration in DBCB, edema, and the appearance of micronuclei in DBA/2J. The main identified effects of Tyr on mice are considered in the light of its modulating effect on the dopamine neurotransmitter metabolism, while for the Trp supplement, effects were presumably associated with the synthesis of its toxic metabolites by representatives of the intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Gmoshinski
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.G.); (N.V.T.); (S.A.A.); (K.V.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.N.T.); (N.A.R.); (D.B.N.)
| | - Vladimir A. Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.G.); (N.V.T.); (S.A.A.); (K.V.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.N.T.); (N.A.R.); (D.B.N.)
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115093 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-698-5371
| | - Nikita V. Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.G.); (N.V.T.); (S.A.A.); (K.V.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.N.T.); (N.A.R.); (D.B.N.)
| | - Sergey A. Apryatin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.G.); (N.V.T.); (S.A.A.); (K.V.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.N.T.); (N.A.R.); (D.B.N.)
| | - Kristina V. Mzhelskaya
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.G.); (N.V.T.); (S.A.A.); (K.V.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.N.T.); (N.A.R.); (D.B.N.)
| | - Antonina A. Shumakova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.G.); (N.V.T.); (S.A.A.); (K.V.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.N.T.); (N.A.R.); (D.B.N.)
| | - Andrey N. Timonin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.G.); (N.V.T.); (S.A.A.); (K.V.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.N.T.); (N.A.R.); (D.B.N.)
| | - Nikolay A. Riger
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.G.); (N.V.T.); (S.A.A.); (K.V.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.N.T.); (N.A.R.); (D.B.N.)
| | - Dmitry B. Nikityuk
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.G.); (N.V.T.); (S.A.A.); (K.V.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.N.T.); (N.A.R.); (D.B.N.)
- Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Basophils Orchestrating Eosinophils' Chemotaxis and Function in Allergic Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040895. [PMID: 33919759 PMCID: PMC8070740 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are well known to contribute significantly to Th2 immunity, such as allergic inflammations. Although basophils have often not been considered in the pathogenicity of allergic dermatitis and asthma, their role in Th2 immunity has become apparent in recent years. Eosinophils and basophils are present at sites of allergic inflammations. It is therefore reasonable to speculate that these two types of granulocytes interact in vivo. In various experimental allergy models, basophils and eosinophils appear to be closely linked by directly or indirectly influencing each other since they are responsive to similar cytokines and chemokines. Indeed, basophils are shown to be the gatekeepers that are capable of regulating eosinophil entry into inflammatory tissue sites through activation-induced interactions with endothelium. However, the direct evidence that eosinophils and basophils interact is still rarely described. Nevertheless, new findings on the regulation and function of eosinophils and basophils biology reported in the last 25 years have shed some light on their potential interaction. This review will focus on the current knowledge that basophils may regulate the biology of eosinophil in atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma.
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Coden ME, Walker MT, Jeong BM, Connelly AR, Nagasaka R, Berdnikovs S. Beyond Il-5: Metabolic Reprogramming and Stromal Support Are Prerequisite for Generation and Survival of Long-Lived Eosinophil. Cells 2021; 10:815. [PMID: 33917349 PMCID: PMC8067430 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play surprisingly diverse roles in health and disease. Accordingly, we have now begun to appreciate the scope of the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of these cells. Along with tissue-recruited subsets during inflammation, there are tissue resident eosinophil phenotypes with potentially longer life spans and less dependency on IL-5 for survival. Current models to study murine eosinophils ex vivo rely on IL-5-sustained expansion of eosinophils from bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors. Although it does generate eosinophils (bmEos) in high purity, such systems are short-lived (14 days on average) and depend on IL-5. In this report, we present a novel method of differentiating large numbers of pure bone marrow-derived eosinophils with a long-lived phenotype (llEos) (40 days on average) that require IL-5 for initial differentiation, but not for subsequent survival. We identified two key factors in the development of llEos: metabolic adaptation and reprogramming induced by suppressed nutrient intake during active differentiation (from Day 7 of culture), and interaction with IL-5-primed stromal cells for the remainder of the protocol. This regimen results in a higher yield and viability of mature eosinophils. Phenotypically, llEos develop as Siglec-F(+)Ly6G(+) cells transitioning to Siglec-F(+) only, and exhibit typical eosinophil features with red eosin granular staining, as well as the ability to chemotax to eotaxin Ccl11 and process fibrinogen. This culture system requires less reagent input and allows us to study eosinophils long-term, which is a significant improvement over IL-5-driven differentiation protocols. Moreover, it provides important insights into factors governing eosinophil plasticity and the ability to assume long-lived IL-5-independent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.E.C.); (M.T.W.); (B.M.J.); (A.R.C.); (R.N.)
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15
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Masterson JC, Menard-Katcher C, Larsen LD, Furuta GT, Spencer LA. Heterogeneity of Intestinal Tissue Eosinophils: Potential Considerations for Next-Generation Eosinophil-Targeting Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020426. [PMID: 33671475 PMCID: PMC7922004 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are implicated in the pathophysiology of a spectrum of eosinophil-associated diseases, including gastrointestinal eosinophilic diseases (EGIDs). Biologics that target the IL-5 pathway and are intended to ablate eosinophils have proved beneficial in severe eosinophilic asthma and may offer promise in treating some endotypes of EGIDs. However, destructive effector functions of eosinophils are only one side of the coin; eosinophils also play important roles in immune and tissue homeostasis. A growing body of data suggest tissue eosinophils represent a plastic and heterogeneous population of functional sub-phenotypes, shaped by environmental (systemic and local) pressures, which may differentially impact disease outcomes. This may be particularly relevant to the GI tract, wherein the highest density of eosinophils reside in the steady state, resident immune cells are exposed to an especially broad range of external and internal environmental pressures, and greater eosinophil longevity may uniquely enrich for co-expression of eosinophil sub-phenotypes. Here we review the growing evidence for functional sub-phenotypes of intestinal tissue eosinophils, with emphasis on the multifactorial pressures that shape and diversify eosinophil identity and potential targets to inform next-generation eosinophil-targeting strategies designed to restrain inflammatory eosinophil functions while sustaining homeostatic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C. Masterson
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.C.M.); (C.M.-K.); (L.D.L.); (G.T.F.)
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Allergy, Inflammation & Remodeling Research Laboratory, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Calies Menard-Katcher
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.C.M.); (C.M.-K.); (L.D.L.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Leigha D. Larsen
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.C.M.); (C.M.-K.); (L.D.L.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Glenn T. Furuta
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.C.M.); (C.M.-K.); (L.D.L.); (G.T.F.)
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisa A. Spencer
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.C.M.); (C.M.-K.); (L.D.L.); (G.T.F.)
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-3277
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16
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Esnault S, Khosravi M, Kelly EA, Liu LY, Bochkov YA, Tattersall MC, Jarjour NN. Increased IL-6 and Potential IL-6 trans-signalling in the airways after an allergen challenge. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:564-573. [PMID: 33471392 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In asthma, IL-6 is a potential cause of enhanced inflammation, tissue damage and airway dysfunction. IL-6 signalling is regulated by its receptor, which is composed of two proteins, IL-6R and GP130. In addition to their membrane form, these two proteins may be found as extracellular soluble forms. The interaction of IL-6 with soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) can trigger IL-6 trans-signalling in cells lacking IL-6R. Conversely, the soluble form of GP130 (sGP130) competes with its membrane form to inhibit IL-6 trans-signalling. OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyse IL-6 trans-signalling proteins in the airways of subjects after an allergen challenge. METHODS We used a model of segmental bronchoprovocation with an allergen (SBP-Ag) in human subjects with allergy. Before and 48 h after SBP-Ag, bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) allowed for the analysis of proteins in BAL fluids (BALFs) by ELISA, and membrane proteins on the surface of BAL cells by flow cytometry. In addition, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and used proteomic data to further inform on the expression of the IL-6R subunits by eosinophils, bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts. Finally, we measured the effect of IL-6 trans-signalling on bronchial fibroblasts, in vitro. RESULTS IL-6, sIL-6R, sGP130 and the molar ratio of sIL-6R/sGP130 increased in the airways after SBP-Ag, suggesting the potential for enhanced IL-6 trans-signalling activity. BAL lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils displayed IL-6R on their surface and were all possible providers of sIL-6R, whereas GP130 was highly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts. Finally, bronchial fibroblasts activated by IL-6 trans-signalling produced enhanced amounts of the chemokine, MCP-1 (CCL2). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE After a bronchial allergen challenge, we found augmentation of the elements of IL-6 trans-signalling. Allergen-induced IL-6 trans-signalling activity can activate fibroblasts to produce chemokines that can further enhance inflammation and lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mehdi Khosravi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lin Ying Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew C Tattersall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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Liu C, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang C, Luo S, Liu T, Wang Y, Lindholt JS, Diederichsen A, Rasmussen LM, Dahl M, Sukhova GK, Lu G, Upchurch GR, Libby P, Guo J, Zhang J, Shi GP. Eosinophils Protect Mice From Angiotensin-II Perfusion-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Circ Res 2021; 128:188-202. [PMID: 33153394 PMCID: PMC7855167 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Blood eosinophil count and ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) associate with human cardiovascular diseases. Yet, whether eosinophils play a role in cardiovascular disease remains untested. The current study detected eosinophil accumulation in human and murine abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) lesions, suggesting eosinophil participation in this aortic disease. OBJECTIVE To test whether and how eosinophils affect AAA growth. METHODS AND RESULTS Population-based randomized clinically controlled screening trials revealed higher blood eosinophil count in 579 male patients with AAA than in 5063 non-AAA control (0.236±0.182 versus 0.211±0.154, 109/L, P<0.001). Univariate (odds ratio, 1.381, P<0.001) and multivariate (odds ratio, 1.237, P=0.031) logistic regression analyses indicated that increased blood eosinophil count in patients with AAA served as an independent risk factor of human AAA. Immunostaining and immunoblot analyses detected eosinophil accumulation and eosinophil cationic protein expression in human and murine AAA lesions. Results showed that eosinophil deficiency exacerbated AAA growth with increased lesion inflammatory cell contents, matrix-degrading protease activity, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and smooth muscle cell loss using angiotensin-II perfusion-induced AAA in Apoe-/- and eosinophil-deficient Apoe-/-ΔdblGATA mice. Eosinophil deficiency increased lesion chemokine expression, muted lesion expression of IL (interleukin) 4 and eosinophil-associated-ribonuclease-1 (mEar1 [mouse EOS-associated-ribonuclease-1], human ECP homolog), and slanted M1 macrophage polarization. In cultured macrophages and monocytes, eosinophil-derived IL4 and mEar1 polarized M2 macrophages, suppressed CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes, and increased CD11b+Ly6Clo monocytes. mEar1 treatment or adoptive transfer of eosinophil from wild-type and Il13-/- mice, but not eosinophil from Il4-/- mice, blocked AAA growth in Apoe-/-ΔdblGATA mice. Immunofluorescent staining and immunoblot analyses demonstrated a role for eosinophil IL4 and mEar1 in blocking NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) activation in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophils play a protective role in AAA by releasing IL4 and cationic proteins such as mEar1 to regulate macrophage and monocyte polarization and to block NF-κB activation in aortic inflammatory and vascular cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Aged
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Eosinophils/transplantation
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Monocytes/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Ribonucleases/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chongzhe Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jes S. Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Axel Diederichsen
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars M. Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Dahl
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Galina K. Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gilbert R. Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Molecular Pathogenesis and Treatment Perspectives for Hypereosinophilia and Hypereosinophilic Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020486. [PMID: 33418988 PMCID: PMC7825323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypereosinophilia (HE) is a heterogeneous condition with a persistent elevated eosinophil count of >350/mm3, which is reported in various (inflammatory, allergic, infectious, or neoplastic) diseases with distinct pathophysiological pathways. HE may be associated with tissue or organ damage and, in this case, the disorder is classified as hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Different studies have allowed for the discovery of two major pathogenetic variants known as myeloid or lymphocytic HES. With the advent of molecular genetic analyses, such as T-cell receptor gene rearrangement assays and Next Generation Sequencing, it is possible to better characterize these syndromes and establish which patients will benefit from pharmacological targeted therapy. In this review, we highlight the molecular alterations that are involved in the pathogenesis of eosinophil disorders and revise possible therapeutic approaches, either implemented in clinical practice or currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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19
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Bing SJ, Silver PB, Jittayasothorn Y, Mattapallil MJ, Chan CC, Horai R, Caspi RR. Autoimmunity to neuroretina in the concurrent absence of IFN-γ and IL-17A is mediated by a GM-CSF-driven eosinophilic inflammation. J Autoimmun 2020; 114:102507. [PMID: 32593472 PMCID: PMC7572578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ and IL-17A can each elicit ocular autoimmunity independently of the other. Since absence of IFN-γ or IL-17A individually failed to abolish pathology of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), we examined EAU development in the absence of both these cytokines. Ifng-/-Il17a-/- mice were fully susceptible to EAU with a characteristic eosinophilic ocular infiltrate, as opposed to a mononuclear infiltrate in WT mice. Retinal pathology in double-deficient mice was ameliorated when eosinophils were genetically absent or their migration was blocked, supporting a pathogenic role for eosinophils in EAU in the concurrent absence of IFN-γ and IL-17A. In EAU-challenged Ifng-/-Il17a-/- mice, ocular infiltrates contained increased GM-CSF-producing CD4+ T cells, and supernatants of retinal antigen-stimulated splenocytes contained enhanced levels of GM-CSF that contributed to activation and migration of eosinophils in vitro. Systemic or local blockade of GM-CSF ameliorated EAU in Ifng-/-Il17a-/- mice, reduced eosinophil peroxidase levels in the eye and in the serum and decreased eosinophil infiltration to the eye. These results support the interpretation that, in the concurrent absence of IFN-γ and IL-17A, GM-CSF takes on a major role as an inflammatory effector cytokine and drives an eosinophil-dominant pathology. Our findings may impact therapeutic strategies aiming to target IFN-γ and IL-17A in autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jin Bing
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Phyllis B Silver
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yingyos Jittayasothorn
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mary J Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reiko Horai
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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20
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Barretto KT, Brockman‐Schneider RA, Kuipers I, Basnet S, Bochkov YA, Altman MC, Jarjour NN, Gern JE, Esnault S. Human airway epithelial cells express a functional IL-5 receptor. Allergy 2020; 75:2127-2130. [PMID: 32246831 DOI: 10.1111/all.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina T. Barretto
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | | | - Ine Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Sarmila Basnet
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Yury A. Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Matthew C. Altman
- Department of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Systems Immunology Program Benaroya Research Institute Seattle WA USA
| | - Nizar N. Jarjour
- Division of Allergy Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Stephane Esnault
- Division of Allergy Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
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21
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Pionnier N, Sjoberg H, Furlong-Silva J, Marriott A, Halliday A, Archer J, Steven A, Taylor MJ, Turner JD. Eosinophil-Mediated Immune Control of Adult Filarial Nematode Infection Can Proceed in the Absence of IL-4 Receptor Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:731-740. [PMID: 32571840 PMCID: PMC7372315 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunity to chronic filarial worm infection is apparent in IL-4Rα–deficient mice. Delayed immunity in IL-4Rα−/− mice is due to suboptimal tissue eosinophilia. Eosinophil recruitment in the absence of IL-4R signaling requires CCR3 and IL-5.
Helminth infections are accompanied by eosinophilia in parasitized tissues. Eosinophils are effectors of immunity to tissue helminths. We previously reported that in the context of experimental filarial nematode infection, optimum tissue eosinophil recruitment was coordinated by local macrophage populations following IL-4R–dependent in situ proliferation and alternative activation. However, in the current study, we identify that control of chronic adult filarial worm infection is evident in IL-4Rα–deficient (IL-4Rα−/−) mice, whereby the majority of infections do not achieve patency. An associated residual eosinophilia was apparent in infected IL-4Rα−/− mice. By treating IL-4Rα−/− mice serially with anti-CCR3 Ab or introducing a compound deficiency in CCR3 within IL-4Rα−/− mice, residual eosinophilia was ablated, and susceptibility to chronic adult Brugia malayi infection was established, promoting a functional role for CCR3-dependent eosinophil influx in immune control in the absence of IL-4/IL-13–dependent immune mechanisms. We investigated additional cytokine signals involved in residual eosinophilia in the absence IL-4Rα signaling and defined that IL-4Rα−/−/IL-5−/− double-knockout mice displayed significant eosinophil deficiency compared with IL-4Rα−/− mice and were susceptible to chronic fecund adult filarial infections. Contrastingly, there was no evidence that either IL-4R–dependent or IL-4R–independent/CCR3/IL-5–dependent immunity influenced B. malayi microfilarial loads in the blood. Our data demonstrate multiplicity of Th2-cytokine control of eosinophil tissue recruitment during chronic filarial infection and that IL-4R–independent/IL-5– and CCR3-dependent pathways are sufficient to control filarial adult infection via an eosinophil-dependent effector response prior to patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pionnier
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Sjoberg
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Furlong-Silva
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Marriott
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Halliday
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - John Archer
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Steven
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Taylor
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph D Turner
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
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22
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Infectious Complications of Biological and Small Molecule Targeted Immunomodulatory Therapies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/3/e00035-19. [PMID: 32522746 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00035-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 2 decades have seen a revolution in our approach to therapeutic immunosuppression. We have moved from relying on broadly active traditional medications, such as prednisolone or methotrexate, toward more specific agents that often target a single receptor, cytokine, or cell type, using monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, or targeted small molecules. This change has transformed the treatment of many conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, cancers, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease, but along with the benefits have come risks. Contrary to the hope that these more specific agents would have minimal and predictable infectious sequelae, infectious complications have emerged as a major stumbling block for many of these agents. Furthermore, the growing number and complexity of available biologic agents makes it difficult for clinicians to maintain current knowledge, and most review articles focus on a particular target disease or class of agent. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge about infectious complications of biologic and small molecule immunomodulatory agents, aiming to create a single resource relevant to a broad range of clinicians and researchers. For each of 19 classes of agent, we discuss the mechanism of action, the risk and types of infectious complications, and recommendations for prevention of infection.
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23
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Singh D. Blood Eosinophil Counts in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Biomarker of Inhaled Corticosteroid Effects. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2020; 83:185-194. [PMID: 32578413 PMCID: PMC7362755 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2020.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood eosinophil counts have emerged as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) biomarker that predict the effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in clinical practice. Post-hoc and prospective analysis of randomized control trials have shown that higher blood eosinophil counts at the start of the study predict a greater response to ICS. COPD patients with frequent exacerbations (2 or more moderate exacerbations/yr) or a history of hospitalization have a greater response to ICS. Ex-smokers also appear to have a greater ICS response. Blood eosinophil counts can be combined with clinical information such as exacerbation history and smoking status to enable a precision medicine approach to the use of ICS. Higher blood eosinophil counts are associated with increased eosinophilic lung inflammation, and other biological features that may contribute to the increased ICS response observed. Emerging data indicates that lower blood eosinophil counts are associated with an increased risk of bacterial infection, suggesting complex relationships between eosinophils, ICS response, and the airway microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Hospital Trust, Manchester, UK
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24
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Jarjour NN, Bradstreet TR, Schwarzkopf EA, Cook ME, Lai CW, Huang SCC, Taneja R, Stappenbeck TS, Van Dyken SJ, Urban JF, Edelson BT. BHLHE40 Promotes T H2 Cell-Mediated Antihelminth Immunity and Reveals Cooperative CSF2RB Family Cytokines. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:923-932. [PMID: 31900338 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor BHLHE40 is an emerging regulator of the immune system. Recent studies suggest that BHLHE40 regulates type 2 immunity, but this has not been demonstrated in vivo. We found that BHLHE40 is required in T cells for a protective TH2 cell response in mice infected with the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri H. polygyrus elicited changes in gene and cytokine expression by lamina propria CD4+ T cells, many of which were BHLHE40 dependent, including production of the common β (CSF2RB) chain family cytokines GM-CSF and IL-5. In contrast to deficiency in GM-CSF or IL-5 alone, loss of both GM-CSF and IL-5 signaling impaired protection against H. polygyrus Overall, we show that BHLHE40 regulates the TH2 cell transcriptional program during helminth infection to support normal expression of Csf2, Il5, and other genes required for protection and reveal unexpected redundancy of common β chain-dependent cytokines previously thought to possess substantially divergent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas N Jarjour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Tara R Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Elizabeth A Schwarzkopf
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Melissa E Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Chin-Wen Lai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; and
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven J Van Dyken
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
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25
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Fournier B, Balducci E, Duployez N, Clappier E, Cuccuini W, Arfeuille C, Caye-Eude A, Delabesse E, Bottollier-Lemallaz Colomb E, Nebral K, Chrétien ML, Derrieux C, Cabannes-Hamy A, Dumezy F, Etancelin P, Fenneteau O, Frayfer J, Gourmel A, Loosveld M, Michel G, Nadal N, Penther D, Tigaud I, Fournier E, Reismüller B, Attarbaschi A, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Baruchel A. B-ALL With t(5;14)(q31;q32); IGH-IL3 Rearrangement and Eosinophilia: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Peculiar IGH-Rearranged B-ALL. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1374. [PMID: 31921638 PMCID: PMC6914849 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with t(5;14)(q31;q32); IGH-IL3 is an exceptional cause of eosinophilia. The IGH enhancer on 14q32 is juxtaposed to the IL3 gene on 5q31, leading to interleukin-3 overproduction and release of mature eosinophils in the blood. Clinical, biological and outcome data are extremely scarce in the literature. Except for eosinophilia, no relevant common feature has been highlighted in these patients. However, it has been classified as a distinct entity in the World Health Organization classification. Cases Presentation: Eight patients with t(5;14)(q31;q32) treated by French or Austrian protocols were retrospectively enrolled. Array comparative genomic hybridization, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification or genomic PCR search for IKZF1 deletion were performed in 7. Sixteen patients found through an exhaustive search in the literature were also analyzed. For those 24 patients, median age at diagnosis is 14.3 years with a male predominance (male to female ratio = 5). Eosinophilia-related symptoms are common (neurologic in 26%, thromboembolic in 26% or pulmonary in 50%). Median white blood cells count is high (72 × 109/L) and linked to eosinophilia (median: 32 × 109/L). Peripheral blasts are present at a low level or absent (median: 0 × 109/L; range: 0–37 × 109/L). Bone marrow morphology is marked by a low blast infiltration (median: 42%). We found an IKZF1 deletion in 5 out of 7 analyzable patients Outcome data are available for 14 patients (median follow-up: 28 months): 8 died and 6 are alive in complete remission. Some of these features are concordant with those seen in patients with other IGH-rearranged B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias: young age at onset, male sex, low blast count, high incidence of IKZF1 deletion and intermediate prognosis. Conclusion: Based on shared epidemiological and biological features, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(5;14)(q31;q32) is a peculiar subset of IGH-rearranged B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with an intermediate prognosis and particular clinical features related to eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fournier
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Estelle Balducci
- Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital Paul-Brousse, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Villejuif, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Clappier
- Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Wendy Cuccuini
- Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Chloé Arfeuille
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Caye-Eude
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Department of Haematology, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Karin Nebral
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Aurélie Cabannes-Hamy
- Teenagers and Young Adults Hematology Unit, University Hospital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Florent Dumezy
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Odile Fenneteau
- Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Jamile Frayfer
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Saint Faron, Meaux, France
| | - Antoine Gourmel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Marie Loosveld
- Hematology Laboratory, Timone Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Gérard Michel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Nadal
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Penther
- Department of Oncology Genetics, Henri Becquerel Center, Rouen, France
| | | | - Elise Fournier
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Bettina Reismüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andishe Attarbaschi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff
- Hematological Cytogenetics Laboratory, Timone Hospital-Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Aix-Marseille University, Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH), Marseille, France
| | - André Baruchel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, EA-3518, University Hospital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
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26
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Angulo EL, McKernan EM, Fichtinger PS, Mathur SK. Comparison of IL-33 and IL-5 family mediated activation of human eosinophils. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217807. [PMID: 31490928 PMCID: PMC6730854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are the prominent inflammatory cell involved in allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and hypereosinophilic syndrome and are found in high numbers in local tissue and/or circulating blood of affected patients. There is recent interest in a family of alarmins, including TSLP, IL-25 and IL-33, that are epithelial-derived and released upon stimulation of epithelial cells. Several genome wide association studies have found SNPs in genes encoding IL-33 to be risk factors for asthma. In two studies examining the direct role of IL-33 in eosinophils, there were differences in eosinophil responses. We sought to further characterize activation of eosinophils with IL-33 compared to activation by other cytokines and chemokines. We assessed IL-33 stimulated adhesion, degranulation, chemotaxis and cell surface protein expression in comparison to IL-3, IL-5, and eotaxin-1 on human eosinophils. Our results demonstrate that IL-33 can produce as potent eosinophil activation as IL-3, IL-5 and eotaxin-1. Thus, when considering specific cytokine targeting strategies, IL-33 will be important to consider for modulating eosinophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn L. Angulo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth M. McKernan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Fichtinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Sameer K. Mathur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
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27
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Nelson RK, Brickner H, Panwar B, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Herrera-de la Mata S, Liu N, Diaz D, Alexander LEC, Ay F, Vijayanand P, Seumois G, Akuthota P. Human Eosinophils Express a Distinct Gene Expression Program in Response to IL-3 Compared with Common β-Chain Cytokines IL-5 and GM-CSF. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:329-337. [PMID: 31175163 PMCID: PMC6616007 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in asthma management with anti-IL-5 therapies, many patients have eosinophilic asthma that remains poorly controlled. IL-3 shares a common β subunit receptor with both IL-5 and GM-CSF but, through α-subunit-specific properties, uniquely influences eosinophil biology and may serve as a potential therapeutic target. We aimed to globally characterize the transcriptomic profiles of GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 stimulation on human circulating eosinophils and identify differences in gene expression using advanced statistical modeling. Human eosinophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and stimulated with either GM-CSF, IL-3, or IL-5 for 48 h. RNA was then extracted and bulk sequencing performed. DESeq analysis identified differentially expressed genes and weighted gene coexpression network analysis independently defined modules of genes that are highly coexpressed. GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 commonly upregulated 252 genes and downregulated 553 genes, producing a proinflammatory and survival phenotype that was predominantly mediated through TWEAK signaling. IL-3 stimulation yielded the most numbers of differentially expressed genes that were also highly coexpressed (n = 119). These genes were enriched in pathways involving JAK/STAT signaling. GM-CSF and IL-5 stimulation demonstrated redundancy in eosinophil gene expression. In conclusion, IL-3 produces a distinct eosinophil gene expression program among the β-chain receptor cytokines. IL-3-upregulated genes may provide a foundation for research into therapeutics for patients with eosinophilic asthma who do not respond to anti-IL-5 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Nelson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Howard Brickner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Bharat Panwar
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | | | - Neiman Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Damaris Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161; and
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | | | - Praveen Akuthota
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
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28
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Blanco-Pérez F, Kato Y, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Laiño J, Ohbayashi M, Burggraf M, Krause M, Kirberg J, Iwakura Y, Martella M, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Shibata N, Vieths S, Scheurer S, Toda M. CCR8 leads to eosinophil migration and regulates neutrophil migration in murine allergic enteritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9608. [PMID: 31270368 PMCID: PMC6610106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic enteritis (AE) is a gastrointestinal form of food allergy. This study aimed to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms of AE using a murine model. To induce AE, BALB/c wild type (WT) mice received intraperitoneal sensitization with ovalbumin (an egg white allergen) plus ALUM and feeding an egg white (EW) diet. Microarray analysis showed enhanced gene expression of CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 8 and its ligand, chemokine CC motif ligand (CCL) 1 in the inflamed jejunum. Histological and FACS analysis showed that CCR8 knock out (KO) mice exhibited slightly less inflammatory features, reduced eosinophil accumulation but accelerated neutrophil accumulation in the jejunums, when compared to WT mice. The concentrations of an eosinophil chemoattractant CCL11 (eotaxin-1), but not of IL-5, were reduced in intestinal homogenates of CCR8KO mice, suggesting an indirect involvement of CCR8 in eosinophil accumulation in AE sites by inducing CCL11 expression. The potential of CCR8 antagonists to treat allergic asthma has been discussed. However, our results suggest that CCR8 blockade may promote neutrophil accumulation in the inflamed intestinal tissues, and not be a suitable therapeutic target for AE, despite the potential to reduce eosinophil accumulation. This study advances our knowledge to establish effective anti-inflammatory strategies in AE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Blanco-Pérez
- Vice President Research Group "Molecular Allergology", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Laiño
- Vice President Research Group "Molecular Allergology", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Masaharu Ohbayashi
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Manja Burggraf
- Junior Research Group 1 Experimental Allergy Models", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Maren Krause
- Vice President Research Group "Molecular Allergology", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Jörg Kirberg
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Chiba, Japan
| | - Manuela Martella
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Vice President Research Group "Molecular Allergology", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Stephan Scheurer
- Vice President Research Group "Molecular Allergology", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Masako Toda
- Vice President Research Group "Molecular Allergology", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany. .,Junior Research Group 1 Experimental Allergy Models", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany. .,Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Zeitlin PL, Leong M, Cole J, Mallory RM, Shih VH, Olsson RF, Goldman M. Benralizumab does not impair antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination in adolescent and young adult patients with moderate to severe asthma: results from the Phase IIIb ALIZE trial. J Asthma Allergy 2018; 11:181-192. [PMID: 30510434 PMCID: PMC6248228 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s172338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Benralizumab is a humanized, afucosylated monoclonal antibody against the IL-5Rα. Initial monthly followed by every-other-month injections result in rapid and nearly complete eosinophil depletion. We evaluated whether three doses of benralizumab modifies antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination for adolescent/young adult patients with moderate to severe asthma. Methods ALIZE (NCT02814643) was a Phase IIIb randomized controlled trial of patients aged 12–21 years receiving medium- to high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting β2-agonists. Patients received benralizumab 30 mg or placebo at Weeks 0, 4, and 8, plus tetravalent influenza vaccination at Week 8. At Week 12, strain-specific antibody responses following vaccination were assessed for four influenza antigens by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MN) assays. Results A total of 103 patients were randomized and received benralizumab (n=51) or placebo (n=52). There were no consistent differences in HAI or MN antibody responses at Week 12 between patients receiving benralizumab or placebo. HAI geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) for all influenza strains tested were 3.3–4.2 for benralizumab vs 3.4–3.9 for placebo; MN GMFRs were 2.8–5.1 for benralizumab vs 3.2–4.4 for placebo. A ≥4-fold rise in HAI from Weeks 8 to 12 occurred in 44.0%–56.0% and 30.6%–49.0% of patients receiving benralizumab and placebo, respectively. At Week 12, 78.0%–100% vs 79.6%–100% of patients receiving benralizumab and placebo, respectively, achieved a ≥40 HAI antibody titer. There were no significant safety findings. Conclusion Benralizumab did not impair the antibody response to seasonal virus vaccination in adolescents and young adult patients with moderate to severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Zeitlin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA,
| | - Mila Leong
- Pediatric Pulmonary and Asthma Associates, Northfield, NJ, USA
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Percopo CM, Krumholz JO, Fischer ER, Kraemer LS, Ma M, Laky K, Rosenberg HF. Impact of eosinophil-peroxidase (EPX) deficiency on eosinophil structure and function in mouse airways. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:151-161. [PMID: 30285291 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0318-090rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) is a major constituent of the large cytoplasmic granules of both human and mouse eosinophilic leukocytes. Human EPX deficiency is a rare, autosomal-recessive disorder limited to the eosinophil lineage. Our intent was to explore the impact of EPX gene deletion on eosinophil content, structure, and function. In response to repetitive intranasal challenge with a filtrate of the allergen, Alternaria alternata, we found significantly fewer eosinophils peripherally and in the respiratory tracts of EPX-/- mice compared to wild-type controls; furthermore, both the major population (Gr1-/lo ) and the smaller population of Gr1hi eosinophils from EPX-/- mice displayed lower median fluorescence intensities (MFIs) for Siglec F. Quantitative evaluation of transmission electron micrographs of lung eosinophils confirmed the relative reduction in granule outer matrix volume in cells from the EPX-/- mice, a finding analogous to that observed in human EPX deficiency. Despite the reduced size of the granule matrix, the cytokine content of eosinophils isolated from allergen-challenged EPX-/ - and wild-type mice were largely comparable to one another, although the EPX-/- eosinophils contained reduced concentrations of IL-3. Other distinguishing features of lung eosinophils from allergen-challenged EPX-/- mice included a reduced fraction of surface TLR4+ cells and reduced MFI for NOD1. Interestingly, the EPX gene deletion had no impact on eosinophil-mediated clearance of gram-negative Haemophilus influenzae from the airways. As such, although no clinical findings have been associated with human EPX deficiency, our findings suggest that further evaluation for alterations in eosinophil structure and function may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Percopo
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia O Krumholz
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Fischer
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Laura S Kraemer
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Ma
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Laky
- Food Allergy Research Unit, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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31
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Barretto KT, Swanson CM, Nguyen CL, Annis DS, Esnault SJ, Mosher DF, Johansson MW. Control of cytokine-driven eosinophil migratory behavior by TGF-beta-induced protein (TGFBI) and periostin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201320. [PMID: 30048528 PMCID: PMC6062114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin, which is induced by interleukin (IL)-13, is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that supports αMβ2 integrin-mediated adhesion and migration of IL-5-stimulated eosinophils. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced protein (TGFBI) is a widely expressed periostin paralog known to support monocyte adhesion. Our objective was to compare eosinophil adhesion and migration on TGFBI and periostin in the presence of IL-5-family cytokines. Eosinophil adhesion after 1 h and random motility over 20 h in the presence of various concentrations of IL-5, IL-3, or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were quantified in wells coated with various concentrations of TGFBI or periostin. Results were compared to video microscopy of eosinophils. Cytokine-stimulated eosinophils adhered equivalently well to TGFBI or periostin in a coating concentration-dependent manner. Adhesion was blocked by anti-αMβ2 and stimulated at the lowest concentration by GM-CSF. In the motility assay, periostin was more potent than TGFBI, the coating-concentration effect was bimodal, and IL-3 was the most potent cytokine. Video microscopy revealed that under the optimal coating condition of 5 μg/ml periostin, most eosinophils migrated persistently and were polarized and acorn-shaped with a ruffling forward edge and granules gathered together, in front of the nucleus. On 10 μg/ml periostin or TGFBI, more eosinophils adopted a flattened pancake morphology with dispersed granules and nuclear lobes, and slower migration. Conversion between acorn and pancake morphologies were observed. We conclude that TGFBI or periostin supports two modes of migration by IL-5 family cytokine-activated eosinophils. The rapid mode is favored by intermediate protein coatings and the slower by higher coating concentrations. We speculate that eosinophils move by haptotaxis up a gradient of adhesive ECM protein and then slow down to surveil the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina T. Barretto
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Calvin M. Swanson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Nguyen
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Douglas S. Annis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Stephane J. Esnault
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Deane F. Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mats W. Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Khoury P, Akuthota P, Ackerman SJ, Arron JR, Bochner BS, Collins MH, Kahn JE, Fulkerson PC, Gleich GJ, Gopal-Srivastava R, Jacobsen EA, Leiferman KM, Francesca LS, Mathur SK, Minnicozzi M, Prussin C, Rothenberg ME, Roufosse F, Sable K, Simon D, Simon HU, Spencer LA, Steinfeld J, Wardlaw AJ, Wechsler ME, Weller PF, Klion AD. Revisiting the NIH Taskforce on the Research needs of Eosinophil-Associated Diseases (RE-TREAD). J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:69-83. [PMID: 29672914 PMCID: PMC6171343 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0118-028r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil-associated diseases (EADs) are rare, heterogeneous disorders characterized by the presence of eosinophils in tissues and/or peripheral blood resulting in immunopathology. The heterogeneity of tissue involvement, lack of sufficient animal models, technical challenges in working with eosinophils, and lack of standardized histopathologic approaches have hampered progress in basic research. Additionally, clinical trials and drug development for rare EADs are limited by the lack of primary and surrogate endpoints, biomarkers, and validated patient-reported outcomes. Researchers with expertise in eosinophil biology and eosinophil-related diseases reviewed the state of current eosinophil research, resources, progress, and unmet needs in the field since the 2012 meeting of the NIH Taskforce on the Research of Eosinophil-Associated Diseases (TREAD). RE-TREAD focused on gaps in basic science, translational, and clinical research on eosinophils and eosinophil-related pathogenesis. Improved recapitulation of human eosinophil biology and pathogenesis in murine models was felt to be of importance. Characterization of eosinophil phenotypes, the role of eosinophil subsets in tissues, identification of biomarkers of eosinophil activation and tissue load, and a better understanding of the role of eosinophils in human disease were prioritized. Finally, an unmet need for tools for use in clinical trials was emphasized. Histopathologic scoring, patient- and clinician-reported outcomes, and appropriate coding were deemed of paramount importance for research collaborations, drug development, and approval by regulatory agencies. Further exploration of the eosinophil genome, epigenome, and proteome was also encouraged. Although progress has been made since 2012, unmet needs in eosinophil research remain a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paneez Khoury
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Margaret H Collins
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Patricia C Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gerald J Gleich
- Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rashmi Gopal-Srivastava
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kristen M Leiferman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Levi-Schaffer Francesca
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Minnicozzi
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Sable
- American Partnership For Eosinophilic Disorders, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisa A Spencer
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Wardlaw
- Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | | | - Peter F Weller
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy D Klion
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Eosinophils are a prominent cell type in particular host responses such as the response to helminth infection and allergic disease. Their effector functions have been attributed to their capacity to release cationic proteins stored in cytoplasmic granules by degranulation. However, eosinophils are now being recognized for more varied functions in previously underappreciated diverse tissue sites, based on the ability of eosinophils to release cytokines (often preformed) that mediate a broad range of activities into the local environment. In this Review, we consider evolving insights into the tissue distribution of eosinophils and their functional immunobiology, which enable eosinophils to secrete in a selective manner cytokines and other mediators that have diverse, 'non-effector' functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Weller
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, CLS 943, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Lisa A Spencer
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, CLS 943, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Esnault S, Shen ZJ, Malter JS. Protein Translation and Signaling in Human Eosinophils. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:150. [PMID: 28971096 PMCID: PMC5609579 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that, unlike IL-5 and GM-CSF, IL-3 induces increased translation of a subset of mRNAs. In addition, we have demonstrated that Pin1 controls the activity of mRNA binding proteins, leading to enhanced mRNA stability, GM-CSF protein production and prolonged eosinophil (EOS) survival. In this review, discussion will include an overview of cap-dependent protein translation and its regulation by intracellular signaling pathways. We will address the more general process of mRNA post-transcriptional regulation, especially regarding mRNA binding proteins, which are critical effectors of protein translation. Furthermore, we will focus on (1) the roles of IL-3-driven sustained signaling on enhanced protein translation in EOS, (2) the mechanisms regulating mRNA binding proteins activity in EOS, and (3) the potential targeting of IL-3 signaling and the signaling leading to mRNA binding activity changes to identify therapeutic targets to treat EOS-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zhong-Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - James S Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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