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Chen HW, Kuo WH, Lu YS, Chen IC, Hu FC, Wang MY, Zahid M, Rogan EG, Cheng AL, Lin CH. Interaction of base excision repair gene polymorphism and estrogen-DNA adducts in breast cancer risk among East Asian women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07418-3. [PMID: 38969945 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In East Asia, the incidence of breast cancer has been increasing rapidly, particularly among premenopausal women. An elevated ratio of estrogen-DNA adducts was linked to a higher risk of breast cancer. The present study explored the influence of the interaction between base excision repair (BER) gene polymorphisms and estrogen-DNA adducts on breast cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a case-control study comprising healthy volunteers and individuals with benign breast disease (control arm, n = 176) and patients with invasive carcinoma or carcinoma in situ (case arm, n = 177). Genotyping for BER-related genes, including SMUG1, OGG1, ERCC5, and APEX1, was performed. A logistic regression model, incorporating interactions between gene polymorphisms, estrogen-DNA adduct ratio, and clinical variables, was used to identify the risk factors for breast cancer. RESULTS Univariate analysis indicated marginal associations between breast cancer risk and APEX1 rs1130409 T > G (P = 0.057) and APEX1 rs1760944 T > G (P = 0.065). Multivariate regression analysis revealed significant associations with increased breast cancer risk for APEX1_rs1130409 (GT/GG versus TT) combined with a natural logarithmic value of the estrogen-DNA adduct ratio (estimated OR 1.164, P = 0.023) and premenopausal status with an estrogen-DNA adduct ratio > 2.93 (estimated OR 2.433, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION APEX1_rs1130409 (GT/GG versus TT) polymorphisms, which are related to decreased BER activity, combined with an increased ratio of estrogen-DNA adducts, increase the risk of breast cancer in East Asian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Wu Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Cancer Center Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chang Hu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine and School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Statistical Consulting Clinic, International-Harvard Statistical Consulting Company, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eleanor G Rogan
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Cancer Center Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Cancer Center Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Martins RS, Arif A, Yameen S, Noordin S, Masroor T, Muhammad S, Channa M, Soofi SB, Sattar AK. Implementation of a clinical breast exam and referral program in a rural district of Pakistan. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:616. [PMID: 38730486 PMCID: PMC11083956 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of clinical breast examination (CBE) for early detection of breast cancer is extremely important in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to breast imaging is limited. Our study aimed to describe the outcomes of a community outreach breast education, home CBE and referral program for early recognition of breast abnormalities and improvement of breast cancer awareness in a rural district of Pakistan. METHODS Eight health care workers (HCW) and a gynecologist were educated on basic breast cancer knowledge and trained to create breast cancer awareness and conduct CBE in the community. They were then deployed in the Dadu district of Pakistan where they carried out home visits to perform CBE in the community. Breast cancer awareness was assessed in the community using a standardized questionnaire and standard educational intervention was performed. Clinically detectable breast lesions were identified during home CBE and women were referred to the study gynecologist to confirm the presence of clinical abnormalities. Those confirmed to have clinical abnormalities were referred for imaging. Follow-up home visits were carried out to assess reasons for non-compliance in patients who did not follow-through with the gynecologist appointment or prescribed imaging and re-enforce the need for follow-up. RESULTS Basic breast cancer knowledge of HCWs and study gynecologist improved post-intervention. HCWs conducted home CBE in 8757 women. Of these, 149 were warranted a CBE by a physician (to avoid missing an abnormality), while 20 were found to have a definitive lump by HCWs, all were referred to the study gynecologist (CBE checkpoint). Only 50% (10/20) of those with a suspected lump complied with the referral to the gynecologist, where 90% concordance was found between their CBEs. Follow-up home visits were conducted in 119/169 non-compliant patients. Major reasons for non-compliance were a lack of understanding of the risks and financial constraints. A significant improvement was observed in the community's breast cancer knowledge at the follow-up visits using the standardized post-test. CONCLUSIONS Basic and focused education of HCWs can increase their knowledge and dispel myths. Hand-on structured training can enable HCWs to perform CBE. Community awareness is essential for patient compliance and for early-detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Seth Martins
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Network, Nutley, NJ, 08820, USA
| | - Aiman Arif
- Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Taleaa Masroor
- Department of Surgery, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | | | | | | | - Abida K Sattar
- Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
- Department of Surgery, Link Building The Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
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Su IL, Chen YK. Utility of FDG PET/CT in Patient with Synchronous Breast and Colon Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2293. [PMID: 37443686 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common malignancy in women is breast cancer, and the second one is colon cancer. Synchronous breast and colon cancers are rare. Here, we reported a 60-year-old woman with a left breast mass for six months. Biopsy revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma. She underwent 2-[Fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan for evaluation of the extent of the disease. FDG PET/CT revealed an advanced left breast cancer with multiple metastases in both regional and distant lymph nodes (in left axilla level I/II, lower paratracheal region, and right lung hilum), bilateral lungs, and axial and proximal appendicular skeletons. An early staged synchronous colon cancer was detected incidentally on FDG PET/CT images. After endoscopic mucosal resection of colon cancer, she received palliative chemotherapy for breast cancer with a marked therapeutic response. The disease status of post-treated breast cancer remained relatively stationary for more than one year. Brain metastasis was noted afterward. Nevertheless, there was no evidence of colon cancer recurrence throughout her breast cancer disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kung Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
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Duong TT, Pham DTN, Duong HNT, Ly TT, Thai TA. Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Associated with Immunohistopathology and Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer in Vietnam. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2523-2530. [PMID: 37505787 PMCID: PMC10676482 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.7.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with varied symptoms and pathogenesis, as well as variable prognosis and therapeutic outcomes. Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, one of the tumor microenvironment factors, has been recognized as an important immunological biomarker that reflected the antitumor immune response in breast cancer. METHODS We analyzed 207 invasive breast cancer patients who had lumpectomy or mastectomy and have not received any pre-operative treatment. Clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemistry characteristics, molecular subtypes classification and stromal TILs evaluation were investigated. RESULT Stromal TILs correlated with well-established prognostic markers. Tumor grade showed significantly higher sTILs percentages in high-grade tumors than in low-grade tumors (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant association between intermediate and high levels of sTILs and a high Ki-67 index (p< 0.001). ER/PR negative was significantly related to high sTILs. Mean sTILs score was significantly higher in TNBC (40.1±31.6%) compared to others, statistically significant (p<0.001). In HER2-negative breast cancer, sTILs were significantly associated with histologic grade, ER status, PR status, and Ki67 index. CONCLUSION sTILs played an important role, associated with unfavorable factors in breast cancer. Our findings support the use of stromal sTILs to identify a more aggressive phenotype of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Thanh Duong
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Diem Thi Nhu Pham
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Huong Ngoc Thien Duong
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Thien Thanh Ly
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Tu Anh Thai
- Department of Pathology, Oncology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Perumandal S, Ponnaboina DM, Moula MC, Rajan YR. DOG-1 as a Myoepithelial Marker in Discriminating Invasive Breast Carcinomas From Non-Invasive Breast Lesions. Cureus 2023; 15:e39676. [PMID: 37398743 PMCID: PMC10309016 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The most common cancer in women is, by far, breast cancer. The incidence and mortality of breast cancer must be reduced by a multidisciplinary strategy that includes education campaigns, preventive measures, screening programmes for early diagnosis, and the availability of treatment facilities. The use of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains with relative specificity for myoepithelial markers has become a mainstay of standard diagnostic breast pathology because the presence and distribution of myoepithelial cells might differ greatly amongst the distinct breast proliferation. Although it has also been reported that DOG1 is expressed in other mesenchymal tumours, DOG1 has been demonstrated to be sensitive and specific for the detection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Both myoepithelial cells (MECs) and luminal epithelial cells have occasionally displayed DOG1 immunoreactivity in the breast. Materials and methods This prospective cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Pathology at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad on 60 cases from June 2017 to June 2019. Female patients with different breast lesions including benign proliferating lesions, ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS), and invasive carcinoma breast cases were included in the study. Inflammatory lesions, mesenchymal, and metastatic tumors were excluded. IHC expression of DOG1 as a myoepithelial marker to discriminate invasive from non-invasive breast lesions was evaluated and correlated with clinicopathological features. Results The mean age of the study population was 33.67 ± 8.48 in the benign group and 54.43 ± 12.84 in the malignant group. Fifty percent (15) of the patients with benign lesions belonged to the age group 20-30 years, whereas 26.7% (8) of the patients with malignant lesions belonged to the age group 61-70 years. DOG-1 expression was strongly positive in fibroadenoma, ductal hyperplasia, fibrocystic disease, whereas strongly negative in malignant disease of the breast (p < 0.0001). P63 expression was strongly positive in benign breast diseases and strongly negative in malignant diseases (p < 0.0001). Conclusion DOG1 seems to be similar to p63 as a myoepithelial cell marker both in normal breast tissue and in benign lesions. DOG1 is strongly positive in benign breast diseases and strongly negative in malignant breast diseases. Hence, it can be considered as a useful myoepithelial marker in differentiating invasive breast carcinoma and non-invasive breast lesions.
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Lee PJ, Jhuang JR, Chen YC, Su SY, Chiang CJ, Yang YW, Hsieh PC, Chen MJ, Lee WC. Urban-Rural Disparity in Birth Cohort Effects on Breast Cancer Incidence. J Urban Health 2023; 100:341-354. [PMID: 36781812 PMCID: PMC10160333 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Studies have reported minimal birth cohort effects on the incidence rates of breast cancer in Western countries but have reported notable birth cohort effects in some Asian countries. The risks of breast cancer may also vary within a country. In the present study, we abstracted female invasive breast cancer data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry for the period 1997-2016. We used the age-period-cohort model to compare birth cohort effects on breast cancer incidence rates between urban and rural regions in Taiwan. We identified a notable urban-rural disparity in birth cohort effects on breast cancer incidence rates in women in Taiwan. The incidence rates in the urban regions were higher than those in the rural regions across all cohorts. However, the incidence rates rose faster in the rural regions than in the urban regions across the cohorts. The risks of breast cancer observed for women born in 1992 were approximately 22 and 11 times than those observed for women born in 1917 in rural and urban regions, respectively. The observed gap in breast cancer incidence rates between the urban and rural regions gradually disappeared across the cohorts. Accordingly, we speculate that urbanization and westernization in Taiwan may be the drivers of female breast cancer incidence rates across birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Jhen Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Xuzhou Rd, Rm. 536, No. 17, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Rong Jhuang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Xuzhou Rd, Rm. 536, No. 17, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Xuzhou Rd, Rm. 536, No. 17, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yung Su
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Xuzhou Rd, Rm. 536, No. 17, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Master Program in Statistics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Xuzhou Rd, Rm. 536, No. 17, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Xuzhou Rd, Rm. 536, No. 17, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Hsieh
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ju Chen
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Xuzhou Rd, Rm. 536, No. 17, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lin CH, Zahid M, Kuo WH, Hu FC, Wang MY, Chen IC, Beseler CL, Mondal B, Lu YS, Rogan EG, Cheng AL. Estrogen-DNA Adducts and Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Asian Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:153-161. [PMID: 36517463 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer among premenopausal women has been increasing rapidly in recent decades in East Asia. This case-control study investigated whether estrogen-DNA adducts were associated with breast cancer risk in Taiwan. The control group (n = 146) comprised healthy female volunteers and women with non-proliferative breast disease. The case group (n = 221) comprised women either with proliferative benign breast disease or breast cancer. The ratios of estrogen-DNA adducts to their respective metabolites and conjugates in plasma were analyzed using ultraperformance LC/MS-MS. The SNPs of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT were genotyped. Logistic regression model was used to compare the estrogen-DNA adduct ratios between the two groups. The estrogen-DNA adduct ratio in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (median ratio: 58.52 vs. 29.36, P = 0.004). A multiple logistic regression model demonstrated that a unit increase in the natural log of the estrogen-DNA adduct ratio in premenopausal women was a significant predictor of breast cancer risk, with an estimated hazard ratio of 1.718 (1.444-2.046, P < 0.001). However, the CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT SNPs were not associated with the estrogen-DNA adduct ratios. In conclusion, plasma estrogen-DNA adduct ratio was associated with the presence of breast cancer or proliferating benign breast disease in premenopausal women in Taiwan. PREVENTION RELEVANCE This study provides evidence that endogenous estrogen-induced genotoxicity may contribute to the carcinogenesis of breast cancer in premenopausal Asian women. This work could have important preventive implication for the emerging disease in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Cancer Center Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chang Hu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine and School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Statistical Consulting Clinic, International-Harvard Statistical Consulting Company, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Cancer Center Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl L Beseler
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eleanor G Rogan
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Cancer Center Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chou YS, Wang CC, Hsu LF, Chuang PH, Cheng CF, Li NH, Chen CC, Chen CL, Lai YJ, Yen YF. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment and ischemic heart disease among female patients with breast cancer: A cohort study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5536-5544. [PMID: 36305849 PMCID: PMC10028063 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) due to the impact of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists among female patients with breast cancer remains a controversy. METHODS Information from the Registry for Catastrophic Illness, the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), and the Death Registry Database in Taiwan were analyzed. Female patients with breast cancer were selected from the Registry for Catastrophic Illness from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018. All the breast cancer patients were followed until new-onset IHD diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2018. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn to show the difference between patients treated with and without GnRH agonists. The Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the effects of GnRH agonists and the incidence of IHD. RESULTS A total of 172,850 female patients with breast cancer were recognized with a mean age of 52.6 years. Among them, 6071(3.5%) had received GnRH agonist therapy. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed a significant difference between patients with and without GnRH therapy (log-rank p < 0.0001). Patients who received GnRH therapy had a significantly decreased risk of developing IHD than those without GnRH therapy (HR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.14-0.23). After adjusting for age, treatment, and comorbidity, patients who received GnRH therapy still had a significantly lower risk of developing IHD (AHR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.39-0.64). CONCLUSION The study showed that the use of GnRH agonists for breast cancer treatment was significantly associated with a reduced risk of IHD. Further research is required to investigate the possible protective effect of GnRH on IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Chou
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Puli branch of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fei Hsu
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hung Chuang
- Taipei Association of Health and Welfare Data Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Cheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hsin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Chen
- Department of Economics, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Puli Branch of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Yen
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ryu KJ, Kim MS, Lee JY, Nam S, Jeong HG, Kim T, Park H. Risk of Endometrial Polyps, Hyperplasia, Carcinoma, and Uterine Cancer After Tamoxifen Treatment in Premenopausal Women With Breast Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2243951. [PMID: 36441547 PMCID: PMC9706361 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The association of tamoxifen use with the risk of uterine diseases, such as endometrial cancer, in premenopausal women with breast cancer remains controversial. However, many studies have reported an increased risk of uterine disease among postmenopausal tamoxifen users. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of tamoxifen use with the risk of endometrial cancer and other uterine diseases in premenopausal women with breast cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A nationwide, population-based, retrospective longitudinal cohort study with an 18-year study period was conducted using data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Participants included premenopausal women aged 20 to 50 years with breast cancer diagnoses between January 2003 and December 2018. Data were analyzed from April to December 2021. EXPOSURES Tamoxifen treatment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The incidence of uterine diseases, including endometrial cancer, hyperplasia, polyps, and other uterine cancers, was identified in the study cohort using insurance claim codes. The incidence of uterine diseases per 1000 person-years was compared between women receiving tamoxifen and those not treated with adjuvant hormone therapy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the risk of each uterine disease. RESULTS Among 78 320 female participants with a mean (SD) age of 42.1 (6.1) years, 34 637 (44.2%) were categorized into the tamoxifen group and 43 683 (55.8%) were categorized into the control group. Among tamoxifen users, during the mean (SD) follow-up duration of 6.13 (4.15) years, the incidence of newly diagnosed endometrial polyps was 20.13 cases per 1000 person-years, that of endometrial hyperplasia was 13.49 cases per 1000 person-years, that of endometrial cancer was 2.01 cases per 1000 person-years, and that of other uterine cancers was 0.45 cases per 1000 person-years. The risk of endometrial cancer was higher in the tamoxifen group than in the control group (hazard ratio, 3.77; 95% CI, 3.04-4.66) after adjusting for age, body mass index, history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment, and trastuzumab treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this longitudinal cohort study, premenopausal Korean women with breast cancer who received tamoxifen as adjuvant hormone therapy had a significantly increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, carcinoma, and other uterine cancers compared with those who were not treated with adjuvant hormone therapy. These findings suggest that clinicians should consider the risk of uterine disease among tamoxifen users, including premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jin Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Nam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tak Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen TWW, Chiang RCJ, Le Cesne A, Hsieh YC, Italiano A, Yang YW, Penel N, Lee WC, Bompas E, Valentin T, Anract P, Firmin N, Duffaud F, Cheng AL, Ducimetiere F, Chan KA, Blay JY. Soft tissue sarcoma incidences and clinical characteristics are significantly different in France and Taiwan. Cancer 2022; 128:3360-3369. [PMID: 35796499 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of different soft tissue sarcoma (STS) histotypes among ethnic and geographic populations has not been comprehensively investigated. METHODS Data from 2013 to 2016 were obtained from national cancer registry databases in France and Taiwan. Liposarcoma (LPS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS), angiosarcoma (AS), synovial sarcoma (SS), and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) were selected as index STSs to estimate the age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and other clinical features between patients. RESULTS In total, 9398 patients (7148 from France and 2250 from Taiwan) were included. The ASRs of AS (5.4 vs. 2.8) and MPNST (2.0 vs. 1.0) were significantly higher in Taiwan; France had significantly higher ASRs for LPS (12.0 vs. 10.0), LMS (9.7 vs. 7.6), and SS (1.7 vs. 1.2). Patients in Taiwan with LMS or LPS were younger than their French counterparts. With regard to the distribution according to primary anatomic site, French patients had higher odds for extremity and truncal LMS (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; p < .001), AS (OR, 2.67; p < .001), MPNST (OR, 1.55; p = .027), and LPS (OR, 1.38; p < .001) and for breast AS (OR, 10.58; p < .001). Taiwanese patients had higher odds for liver AS (OR, 10.72; p < .001) and uterine LMS (OR, 3.21; p < .001). SS age and distribution according to primary anatomic site did not differ significantly between the French and Taiwanese populations. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in the incidence and clinical characteristics of index STS suggested that geographic (environmental) and ethnicity factors likely play a vital role in the pathogenesis of STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wei-Wu Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruru Chun-Ju Chiang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alex Le Cesne
- Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute-Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Yu-Chun Hsieh
- Health Data Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Wen Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nicolas Penel
- General Oncology Department, Oscar Lambret Center, Lille, France
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Philippe Anract
- Department of Orthopedics, Assistance publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Firmin
- Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Duffaud
- Medical Oncology, Greater Paris University Hospitals, Marseilles, France
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - K Arnold Chan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen BF, Tsai YF, Huang CC, Hsu CY, Lien PJ, Wang YL, Lin YS, Feng CJ, King KL, Chiu JH, Chau GY, Tseng LM. Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of luminal B1 breast cancer in Taiwan. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:190-197. [PMID: 34643617 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor II (HER2)-negative luminal B1 breast cancer is associated with a higher risk of disease relapse than luminal A breast cancer. Therefore, we assessed and compared the distant metastasis pattern and clinical outcomes associated with luminal B1 and luminal A breast cancer in an Asian population. METHODS In this observational study, we assessed patients with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer who underwent surgery from 2009 to 2016. Patients were classified into luminal A or luminal B1 subsets via immunohistochemical analysis. Disease-free survival, post-metastasis survival, and overall survival were estimated; time to disease relapse and patterns of distant metastasis were compared. Risk of relapse and mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Patients with luminal B1 breast cancer (n = 677) were significantly younger and had larger tumors and a higher degree of affected axillary lymph nodes, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor necrosis than those with luminal A breast cancer (n = 630). Higher rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis were observed for luminal B1 (both p < 0.05); however, no difference was observed in the specific distant metastatic sites. We observed a significant increase in disease relapse risk in luminal B1 patients compared with that in luminal A (hazard ratio: 2.157, 95% CI: 1.340-3.473, p < 0.05). Patient age, tumor size, stage, lymphovascular invasion, and receiving chemotherapy and hormone therapy were independent risk factors for metastasis and recurrence. Only the luminal B1 subtype (hazard ratio: 5.653, 95% CI: 1.166-27.409, p < 0.05) and stage (hazard ratio: 3.400, 95% CI: 1.512-7.649, p < 0.05) were identified as independent risk factors for post metastatic mortality. CONCLUSION Luminal B1 breast cancer has aggressive tumor biology compared with luminal A breast cancer in the follow-up period. However, there was no significant difference in the disease relapse pattern between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Fang Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yi Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ju Lien
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nurse, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Shu Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Jung Feng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Liang King
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Hwey Chiu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gar-Yang Chau
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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12
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Chen SH, Chung WP, Huang YC, Kuo YL, Lee KT, Hsu HP, Loh ZJ, Tsai JH, Yang SR, Lee CH. Real-world utilization of the 21-gene assay in taiwanese female patients with early-stage breast cancer: Experience from a single institute. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-3006.355306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Qian B, Yang J, Zhou J, Hu L, Zhang S, Ren M, Qu X. Individualized model for predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: A multicenter study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:955250. [PMID: 36060977 PMCID: PMC9428399 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.955250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological complete response (pCR) is considered a surrogate for favorable survival in breast cancer (BC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), which is the goal of NACT. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the pCR probability of BC patients after NACT based on the clinicopathological features. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 527 BC patients treated with NACT between January 2018 and December 2021 from two institutions was conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to select the most useful predictors from the training cohort (n = 225), and then a nomogram model was developed. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated with respect to its discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness. Internal validation and external validation were performed in an independent validation cohort of 96 and 205 consecutive BC patients, respectively. RESULTS Among the 18 clinicopathological features, five variables were selected to develop the prediction model, including age, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T stage, Ki67 index before NACT, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and hormone receptor (HR) status. The model showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.825 (95% CI, 0.772 to 0.878) in the training cohort, and 0.755 (95% CI, 0.658 to 0.851) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.724 to 0.856) in the internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration curve presented good agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation, and decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that the nomogram had good net benefits in clinical scenarios. CONCLUSION This study constructed a validated nomogram based on age, AJCC T stage, Ki67 index before NACT, HER2, and HR status, which could be non-invasively applied to personalize the prediction of pCR in BC patients treated with NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Qian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longqing Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shoupeng Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xincai Qu, ; Min Ren, ; Shoupeng Zhang,
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xincai Qu, ; Min Ren, ; Shoupeng Zhang,
| | - Xincai Qu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xincai Qu, ; Min Ren, ; Shoupeng Zhang,
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14
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Lu YS, Yeo W, Yap YS, Park YH, Tamura K, Li H, Cheng R. An Overview of the Treatment Efficacy and Side Effect Profile of Pharmacological Therapies in Asian Patients with Breast Cancer. Target Oncol 2021; 16:701-741. [PMID: 34582007 PMCID: PMC8613101 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-021-00838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) among Asians accounts for ~ 40% of the global BC burden. Differences in BC risk, presentation, tumor biology, and response to treatment exist between Asian and non-Asian patients; however, Asian patients are often under-represented in clinical trials. This narrative review summarizes the efficacy and safety of pharmacological therapies for BC in Asian populations, with a focus on outcomes in Asian versus non-Asian patients treated with chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 targeted therapies, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, bone-targeted therapies, poly-ADP ribose polymerase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and checkpoint inhibitors. While most therapies have demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety in Asian and non-Asian patients with BC, differences that are largely attributed to pharmacogenetic variations between populations exist. Pharmacogenetic differences may contribute to a reduced clinical benefit of tamoxifen, whereas improved clinical outcomes have been reported with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors in Asian versus non-Asian patients with BC. In particular, Asian patients have an increased incidence of hematological toxicities, including neutropenia, although adverse events can be effectively managed using dose adjustments. Recent trials with CDK4/6 inhibitors have increased efforts to include Asians within study subsets. Future clinical trials enrolling higher numbers of Asian patients, and an increased understanding of differences in patient and tumor genetics between Asians and non-Asians, have the potential to incrementally improve the management of BC in Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Winnie Yeo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yoon-Sim Yap
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Sungkyunkwan University, SKKU-Samsung Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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15
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Kuo CC, Chang CC, Cheng HW, Lin JC, Tsai JT. Impact of respiratory motion in dosimetric and clinical advantages for adjuvant left-sided breast radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021:rrab087. [PMID: 34611714 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the organ-sparing effect of the deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique among different levels of lung expansion for left-side breast radiotherapy. This retrospective study enrolled 30 patients who received adjuvant left breast radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Simulation scans of both DIBH and deep breathing four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) were acquired, and three treatment plans were generated for each patient. One plan was based on the DIBH images, and the other two plans were based on the mid-lung expansion (ME) and initial lung expansion (IE) phases retrieved from 4DCT data sets. Dosimetric comparisons and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models were conducted. We used image registration for displacement analysis and sought potential factors related to the dose benefit of DIBH. The DIBH plans resulted significantly lower doses to the heart, left ventricle (LV) and left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), including the high- to low-dose areas, followed by the ME plans and IE plans (p < 0.05). DIBH reduced the risk of long-term cardiac mortality by 40% and radiation pneumonitis of the left lung by 37.96% compared with the IE plans (p < 0.001). The reduction in the mean dose to the heart and LV significantly correlated with anterior displacement of the left lung. The DIBH technique is a feasible tool to provide dosimetric and clinical advantages for adjuvant left-sided breast radiotherapy. Breathing pattern and the level of lung expansion seem to play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chuan Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chieh Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Chun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ting Tsai
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
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16
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Chen LJ, Chang YJ, Chang YJ. Treatment and long-term outcome of breast cancer in very young women: nationwide population-based study. BJS Open 2021; 5:6406857. [PMID: 34672342 PMCID: PMC8529521 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to assess the correlation between long-term survival and treatment in very young women with breast cancer. METHODS Data on women with breast cancer were retrieved from the Taiwan Cancer Registry between 2004 and 2014. Patients who did not undergo surgery or who had stage 0 or IV disease were excluded. Survival analysis was conducted. The participants were divided into very young (20-29.9 years), young (30-39.9 years), and adult (40-50.0 years) groups. RESULTS Among 104 115 women, 24 474 (572 very young, 5565 young, and 18 337 adult) were eligible for the study. Median follow-up was 79.5 (range 24-158) months. The mortality rates in the very young, young, and adult groups were 12.9, 10.0, and 8.2 per cent respectively (P < 0.001). Very young patients had higher histological grade, unfavourable subtype, higher TNM stage, and received more breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that very young patients had the poorest long-term survival. Very young patients with stage II disease had the worst prognosis. In the multivariable regression model, radiotherapy was associated with decreased local recurrence but not with improved overall, cancer-specific, or disease-free survival for stage II disease in the very young group. Surgery type and chemotherapy were not associated with significant improvement in overall survival. CONCLUSION Very young patients with stage II disease had poor long-term outcomes. BCS had no detrimental effects on long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-J Chen
- Department of Surgery, HepingFuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Zhong-Xing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Chang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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17
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Liu YS, Wu PE, Chou WC, Vikram R, Chen WT, Yang SL, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Chan TL, Choi JY, Hou MF, Ito H, Kang D, Kim SW, Kwong A, Matsuo K, Park SK, Shu XO, Zheng W, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Shen CY. Body mass index and type 2 diabetes and breast cancer survival: a Mendelian randomization study. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3921-3934. [PMID: 34522458 PMCID: PMC8414374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and breast cancer prognosis is still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic effect of BMI and T2D on breast cancer disease-free survival (DFS) among Asian individuals. In this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, the instrumental variables (IVs) were identified using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) among 24,000 participants in the Taiwan Biobank. Importantly, the validity of these IVs was confirmed with a previous large-scale GWAS (Biobank Japan Project, BBJ). In this study, we found that a genetic predisposition toward higher BMI (as indicated by BMI IVs, F = 86.88) was associated with poor breast cancer DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.11; P < 0.001). Furthermore, higher level of genetically predicted T2D (as indicated by T2D IVs) was associated with an increased risk of recurrence of and mortality from breast cancer (HR = 1.43; P < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses, including the weighted-median approach, MR-Egger regression, Radial regression and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) supported the consistency of our findings. Finally, the causal relationship between BMI and poor breast cancer prognosis was confirmed in a prospective cohort study. Our MR analyses demonstrated the causal relationship between the genetic prediction of elevated BMI and a greater risk of T2D with poor breast cancer prognosis. BMI and T2D have important clinical implications and may be used as prognostic indicators of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shian Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Rajeev Vikram
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Show-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tsun L Chan
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Cancer Genetics CentreHappy Valley, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and HospitalHappy Valley, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research CenterSeoul, Korea
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daerim Saint Mary’s HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Cancer Genetics CentreHappy Valley, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and HospitalHappy Valley, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoya, Japan
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, TN, USA
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
- College of Public Health, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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Lin CH, Huang RYJ, Lu TP, Kuo KT, Lo KY, Chen CH, Chen IC, Lu YS, Chuang EY, Thiery JP, Huang CS, Cheng AL. High prevalence of APOA1/C3/A4/A5 alterations in luminal breast cancers among young women in East Asia. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:88. [PMID: 34226567 PMCID: PMC8257799 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In East Asia, the breast cancer incidence rate among women aged <50 years has rapidly increased. Emerging tumors are distinctly characterized by a high prevalence of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-negative cancer. In the present study, we identified unique genetic alterations in these emerging tumors. We analyzed gene copy number variations (CNVs) in breast tumors from 120 Taiwanese patients, and obtained public datasets of CNV and gene expression (GE). The data regarding CNV and GE were separately compared between East Asian and Western patients, and the overlapping genes identified in the comparisons were explored to identify the gene-gene interaction networks. In the age <50 years/ER + /HER2- subgroup, tumors of East Asian patients exhibited a higher frequency of copy number loss in APOA1/C3/A4/A5, a lipid-metabolizing gene cluster (33 vs. 10%, P < .001) and lower APOA1/C3/A4/A5 expressions than tumors of Western patients. These copy number loss related- and GE-related results were validated in another Taiwanese cohort and in two GE datasets, respectively. The copy number loss was significantly associated with poor survival among Western patients, but not among East Asian patients. Lower APOA1, APOC3, and APOA5 expressions were associated with higher ESTIMATE immune scores, indicating an abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In conclusion, APOA1/C3/A4/A5 copy number loss was more prevalent in luminal breast tumors among East Asian women aged <50 years, and its immunomodulatory effect on the tumor microenvironment possibly plays various roles in the tumor biology of East Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Yun Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology and Cancer Research Centre, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Analysis of the tumor characteristics in young age breast cancer patients using collaborative stage data of the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:785-792. [PMID: 33604714 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate tumor characteristics in young age (20-39 years old) breast cancer (YABC) patients in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 10,897 breast cancer patients from 2010 to 2015. The data were collected through 10% systematic sampling of the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (KNCI DB). Tumor size, lymph node status, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status were collected according to the Collaborative Stage version 2 (CSv2) Data Collection System. RESULTS Of the 10,897 patients, 1245 (11.4%) were YABC patients. They were found to have larger tumors (T2: 41.6% in 20-39 age group vs 36.4% in 40-49 age group vs 36.5% in 50-59 age group vs 38.4% in ≥ 60 age group; T3: 10.1% vs 7.3% vs 6.5% vs 6.2%, P < .0001), greater rates of lymph node involvement (41.2% vs 32.7% vs 35.7% vs 32.5%, P < .0001), higher tumor grade (High grade: 26.8% vs 19.4% vs 23.5% vs 22.1%, P < .0001), and a larger proportion of triple-negative subtype (18.2% vs 11.0% vs 12.2% vs 13.5%, P < .0001). Compared to the 40-49 age group, breast cancer-related survival (BCRS) rates were worse (91.74% vs 95.04%, P < .0001), and the characteristics of YABC patients were associated with higher risk of death from breast cancer. CONCLUSION YABC patients have more aggressive tumor characteristics and worse survival rates. Therefore, we need to identify high-risk groups among YABC patients and support active surveillance in them. These findings from a national cohort provide important information for establishing a national cancer care strategy to manage YABC patients.
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Tsai MS, Chang SH, Kuo WH, Kuo CH, Li SY, Wang MY, Chang DY, Lu YS, Huang CS, Cheng AL, Lin CH, Chen PC. A case-control study of perfluoroalkyl substances and the risk of breast cancer in Taiwanese women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105850. [PMID: 32580117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer in women worldwide; however, the incidence of BC is increasing in younger women, possibly associated with the environment. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are one of endocrine disruptors that accumulate in environment and impact human health. This study aimed to investigate whether the PFAS and BC are associated. We enrolled 120 BCE patients and 119 controls at National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) and also collected bio-specimen and questionnaire from 2013 to 2015. All subjects' plasma PFAS levels were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between PFAS and BC. In the ≤50 years age group, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.34 (95% CI = 1.02, 5.38) for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure per natural log unit increase. After stratifying the estrogen receptor (ER) status and age group, we obtained a positive association for PFHxS and PFOS concentrations with respect to the risk of ER positive tumors for ≤50 years age group. In conclusion, we found that PFAS were associated with the BC risk of ER positive tumors in young Taiwanese women. Further studies are needed to follow and explore whether these associations are causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shan Tsai
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic Medicine and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Dwan-Ying Chang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oncology and Cancer Research Centre, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Office of Occupational Safety and Health, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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21
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Lin CH, Yap YS, Lee KH, Im SA, Naito Y, Yeo W, Ueno T, Kwong A, Li H, Huang SM, Leung R, Han W, Tan B, Hu FC, Huang CS, Cheng AL, Lu YS. Contrasting Epidemiology and Clinicopathology of Female Breast Cancer in Asians vs the US Population. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:1298-1306. [PMID: 31093668 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of breast cancer among younger East Asian women has been increasing rapidly over recent decades. This international collaborative study systemically compared the differences in age-specific incidences and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in East Asian women and women of predominantly European ancestry. METHODS We excerpted analytic data from six national cancer registries (979 675 cases) and eight hospitals (18 008 cases) in East Asian countries and/or regions and, for comparisons, from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database. Linear regression analyses of age-specific incidences of female breast cancer and logistic regression analyses of age-specific pathological characteristics of breast cancer were performed. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Unlike female colorectal cancer, the age-specific incidences of breast cancer among East Asian women aged 59 years and younger increased disproportionally over recent decades relative to rates in US contemporaries. For years 2010-2014, the estimated age-specific probability of estrogen receptor positivity increased with age in American patients, whereas that of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) declined with age. No similar trends were evident in East Asian patients; their probability of estrogen receptor positivity at age 40-49 years was statistically significantly higher (odd ratio [OR] = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 to 1.67, P < .001) and of TNBC was statistically significantly lower (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.88, P < .001), whereas the probability of ER positivity at age 50-59 years was statistically significantly lower (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.828 to 0.95, P < .001). Subgroup analyses of US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data showed similarly distinct patterns between East Asian American and white American patients. CONCLUSIONS Contrasting age-specific incidences and pathological characteristics of breast cancer between East Asian and American women, as well as between East Asian Americans and white Americans, suggests racial differences in the biology.
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Gomez SL, Yao S, Kushi LH, Kurian AW. Is Breast Cancer in Asian and Asian American Women a Different Disease? J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:1243-1244. [PMID: 31093671 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Zhou J, Lei J, Wang J, Lian CL, Hua L, Yang LC, Wu SG. Validation of the 8 th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Pathological Prognostic Staging for young breast cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7549-7560. [PMID: 32320950 PMCID: PMC7202534 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to validate the newly proposed American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathological prognostic staging system for young breast cancer patients (aged ≤40 years). Results: We included 12811 women in this study. Overall, 52.8% of patients in the 7th AJCC stages were restaged to the 8th AJCC pathological staging system, including 10.7% upstaged and 42.1% downstaged. The receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that the new staging system had a better role in predicting breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) compared with 7th edition staging (P<0.001). The results of the multivariate prognostic analysis showed that the hazard ratio of BCSS increased with the 8th AJCC stages, while the 7th anatomic stages had no significant difference in BCSS. Conclusions: The novel pathological staging system could provide more accurate prognostic stratification for young women with breast cancer because of the high proportion of stage migration. Patients and Methods: Data for young breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Chi-squared test, Kaplan–Meier method, receiver operating characteristics curve, and Cox proportional hazard analysis were applied to statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Lu Lian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Chao Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - San-Gang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People's Republic of China
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24
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Bhattacharjee A, Hossain MU, Chowdhury ZM, Rahman SMA, Bhuyan ZA, Salimullah M, Keya CA. Insight of druggable cannabinoids against estrogen receptor β in breast cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1688-1697. [PMID: 32116130 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1737233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most prevalent cancer worldwide. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is an essential protein of breast cells to suppress estrogen-induced uncontrolled proliferation. Thus, small molecules that can modulate and enhance ERβ expression would be an effective agent to suppress BC development. Studies showed that cannabinoid (CB), specifically delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Del9THC), can increase the expression of ERβ and inhibits BC cell proliferation. In this study, less psychoactive and structurally similar analogs of Del9THC were chosen as drug candidates and ERβ was targeted as a therapeutic receptor. Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Del8THC) and delta-4-isotetrahydrocannabinol (Del4isoTHC) were the drug candidates selected on the basis of literature reports, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties, medicinal chemistry profile, and physicochemical features. Molecular docking simulations were carried out to determine ligand receptor interactions and binding affinity based on free binding energy. To get a better drug, the structural modification was done on Del8THC and generated a new CB analog called Cannabinoid A. Finally, molecular interaction analysis revealed that two CBs and one of their analog interact with the active site residues of ERβ. Therefore, this study revealed a new way to discover novel drug(s) for BC patients.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arittra Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Adiat Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zaied Ahmed Bhuyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chaman Ara Keya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Wu SC, Chiang MC, Lee YG, Wang MW, Li CF, Tung TH, Chen HH. Long-term survival and prognostic implications of patients with invasive breast cancer in southern Taiwan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19122. [PMID: 32049828 PMCID: PMC7035020 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective in this study was to determine the survival rate of patients with invasive breast cancer and identify the prognostic factors related to all-cause mortality during a 10-year follow-up.Analysis was performed on the medical records of 2002 patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer at a medical center in southern Taiwan between 2006 and 2017. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to estimate survival and the independence of prognostic factors associated with all-cause mortality.Among the 2002 patients, 257 expired during the 10-year follow-up period. The overall survival rates were as follows: 3 years (91.1%), 5 years (85.6%), and 10 years (77.9%). The median survival time was 120.41 months (95% confidence interval: 118.48-122.33 months). Older age, pathologic tumor status, regional lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, grade/differentiation, treatment modalities, and hormone therapy were significantly related to all-cause mortality.This study identified several clinical factors related to all-cause mortality as well as its relationship to distant metastasis and poor differentiation. Early diagnosis and treatment aimed at preventing recurrence are the keys to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yun-Gang Lee
- Cancer Canter, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | | | | | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Chen C, Lu Y, Cheng A, Huang C, Kuo W, Wang M, Chao M, Chen I, Kuo C, Lu T, Lin C. Disparity in Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Breast Cancer and Prognostic Impact: Asian Versus Western Populations. Oncologist 2020; 25:e16-e23. [PMID: 31371522 PMCID: PMC6964121 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer in Asia are different from those in the Western countries. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells can influence the outcome of patients with breast cancer, but they have not been systemically evaluated in Asian patients with breast cancer. METHODS We compared the immune score, composition, and prognostic impact of infiltrating immune cells between Asian and Western patients with breast cancer by analyzing gene expression profiles from eight Gene Expression Omnibus data sets and The Cancer Genome Atlas data set. The Estimation of Stromal and Immune Cells in Malignant Tumours Using Expression Data (ESTIMATE) and Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of Known RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithms were used to determine the immune score and composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, respectively. FINDINGS This study included 462 Asian patients and 2,186 Western patients. Tumors of Asian patients had significantly higher immune score, particularly in the luminal B and HER2-enriched subtypes. High immune score was associated with favorable prognosis in both Asian and Western patients, and Asian race with a high ESTIMATE immune score provided additional power to predict longer disease-free survival. Activated CD4 T cells and M2 macrophages were the most strongly associated with survival in both Asian and Western patients. INTERPRETATION Our study highlights the difference in tumor immune microenvironments between Asian and Western patients. The higher ESTIMATE immune score, which represents more abundant tumor-infiltrating immune cells, in tumors of Asian patients partly explains their favorable prognosis. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The tumor microenvironment serves as an interface that affects the human body's reaction to cancer cells. Evidence has revealed that tumor-infiltrating immune cells were associated with patient prognosis. This study demonstrated the disparity of tumor microenvironments and their prognostic impact between Asian and Western patients with breast cancer. The differences in immune score partially explained the racial survival differences noted in recent studies. Integrated analysis of tumor cells, tumor microenvironment, and racial effect may significantly improve recurrence risk prediction for patients with stage I-III breast cancer. Because the effect of tumor microenvironment varies across different populations, a model of interaction between immune score and race/ethnicity is recommended in accessing the risk of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching‐Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou BranchTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ann‐Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chiun‐Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Yang Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ming Chao
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsin‐ChuTaiwan
| | - I‐Chun Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Wei Kuo
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsin‐ChuTaiwan
| | - Tzu‐Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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27
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Yap YS, Lu YS, Tamura K, Lee JE, Ko EY, Park YH, Cao AY, Lin CH, Toi M, Wu J, Lee SC. Insights Into Breast Cancer in the East vs the West: A Review. JAMA Oncol 2019; 5:1489-1496. [PMID: 31095268 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance During the past few decades, the incidence of breast cancer (BC) has been increasing rapidly in East Asia, and BC is currently the most common cancer in several countries. The rising incidence is likely related to changing lifestyle and environmental factors in addition to the increase in early diagnosis with BC awareness and screening. The understanding and management of BC are generally based on research and data from the West. However, emerging differences in BC epidemiology and tumor and host biology in Asian populations may be clinically relevant. Observations A higher proportion of premenopausal BCs occur in Asia, although this factor is possibly an age-cohort effect. Although the relative frequencies of different immunohistochemical subtypes of BC may be similar between the East and West, the higher prevalence of luminal B subtypes with more frequent mutations in TP53 may be confounded by disparities in early detection. In addition, Asian BCs appear to harbor a more immune-active microenvironment than BCs in the West. The spectra of germline mutations in BC predisposition genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms contributing to BC risk vary with ethnicity as well. Differences in tolerability of certain cytotoxic and targeted agents used in BC treatment may be associated with pharmacogenomic factors, whereas the lower body mass of the average woman in East Asia may contribute to higher toxicities from drugs administered at fixed doses. Phenotypic characteristics, such as lower breast volume, may influence the type of surgery performed in East Asian women. On the other hand, increased breast density may affect the sensitivity of mammography in detecting BCs, limiting the benefits of screening mammography. Conclusions and Relevance Breast cancer has become a major health problem in Asia. The inclusion of more women from Asia in clinical trials and epidemiologic and translational studies may help unravel the interethnic heterogeneity of BCs and elucidate the complex interplay between environmental and intrinsic factors in its pathogenesis. These insights may help to refine prevention, diagnosis, and management strategies for BC in the setting of ethnic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sim Yap
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Breast Division, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Ko
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A-Yong Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Kuo CN, Liao YM, Kuo LN, Tsai HJ, Chang WC, Yen Y. Cancers in Taiwan: Practical insight from epidemiology, treatments, biomarkers, and cost. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 119:1731-1741. [PMID: 31522970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in Taiwan, and the overall incidence rate has gradually increased. The four most common cancers in Taiwan are colorectal, lung, breast and liver cancers. With the rise in incidence, the clinical use and costs of all anticancer drugs have steadily increased. The costs of novel therapeutics, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapy were accounted almost two-third of all antineoplastic agents in Taiwan. Moving forward, it will be necessary to discuss the economic impacts to clinical use of new therapeutics, while continuing to monitor and improve the quality of cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the epidemiology, disease screening policies and medication treatment policies for colorectal, lung, breast and liver cancer. We focus on the recent developments in cancer therapeutics, discuss the use of biomarkers, and finally consider the costs and the recent advances of anticancer medications in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Kuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Liao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Na Kuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun Yen
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chu SC, Hsieh CJ, Wang TF, Hong MK, Chu TY. Younger tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients also had higher risk of endometrial cancer and the risk could be reduced by sequenced aromatase inhibitor use: A population-based study in Taiwan. Tzu Chi Med J 2019; 32:175-180. [PMID: 32269951 PMCID: PMC7137368 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_17_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Previous Western studies reported that older (≥50 years) breast cancer survivors with tamoxifen treatment had higher risk of endometrial cancer. This study aims to disclose whether younger (<50 years) tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients also had higher risk of endometrial cancer and to examine whether sequenced aromatase inhibitor (AI) use could reduce the risk. Materials and Methods: A population-based cohort of 39,216 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients was identified from Taiwan National Health Insurance Database from 1999 to 2012. The risk of endometrial cancer in nonusers (n = 14,588), tamoxifen-only (n = 19,302), and sequenced AI (n = 5326) users was compared with Cox regression analysis and was adjusted with age, diabetes, hypertension, and chemotherapy. Results: During the 14-year study period, 133 patients were diagnosed with subsequent endometrial cancers. Compared with nonusers, tamoxifen-only users had higher risk of endometrial cancer (14-year incidence 1.7% vs. 0.3%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.37–6.42). This was observed in both older (≥50 years) and younger (40–50 years) age groups. Adjusted HR (95% CI) for the latter was 3.74 (1.65–8.48). This risk persisted after cessation of tamoxifen use. The risk of endometrial cancer was lower in sequenced AI when compared with tamoxifen-only users (adjusted HR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25–0.72). Conclusions: Not only patients ≥50 years but also younger (40–49 years) patients with tamoxifen treatment had higher risk of subsequent endometrial cancer in this nation-wide cohort. We suggest regular gynecologic monitoring not only during active use but also during follow-up phase. Sequenced AI use may reduce the risk of endometrial cancer in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chao Chu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mun-Kun Hong
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Center for Prevention of Gynecological Cancer, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Yeo W, Ueno T, Lin CH, Liu Q, Lee KH, Leung R, Naito Y, Park YH, Im SA, Li H, Yap YS, Lu YS. Treating HR+/HER2− breast cancer in premenopausal Asian women: Asian Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 2019 Consensus and position on ovarian suppression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:549-559. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chou HH, Kuo WL, Yu CC, Tsai HP, Shen SC, Chu CH, Yu MC, Lo YF, Dabora MA, Chang HK, Lin YC, Ueng SH, Chen SC. Impact of age on pathological complete response and locoregional recurrence in locally advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Biomed J 2019; 42:66-74. [PMID: 30987708 PMCID: PMC6468039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard approach for downstaging of locally advanced breast cancer and can improve breast conservation rates. A pathological complete response (pCR) after NAC associated with favorable long-term outcomes has been described. There is still a high locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate after NAC and the influence of age on LRR after NAC is unclear. This study analyzed the relationship between age and LRR after NAC. Methods Two hundred and sixty-three patients with invasive breast cancer who received NAC followed by mastectomy or breast conserving surgery (BCS) were enrolled. Concurrent weekly epirubicin and docetaxel was the NAC regimen. Results Twenty-nine patients (11%) achieved a pCR after NAC. In univariate analysis, age <50 years, luminal B (HER2 positive) subtype, HER2 overexpression subtype, and triple-negative subtype were factors to predict a pCR. In multivariate analysis, age <50 years, luminal B (HER2 positive) type, HER2 overexpression, and triple-negative subtype were the independent factors to predict a pCR. No patients in the pCR group developed LRR compared with 31 patients in the non-pCR group. Eleven patients (6.9%) in the younger group (age <50 years) developed LRR compared with 20 patients (19.4%) in the older group (age ≥50 years). In multivariate analysis, younger age (<50 years) was the only independent prognostic factor for a LRR-free survival. Conclusion Younger age can predict a pCR and is an independent prognostic factor for LRR in locally advanced breast cancer patients after NAC as concurrent epirubicin and docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Huan Chou
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Kuo
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Pei Tsai
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheh Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Lo
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsien-Kun Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Hwa Ueng
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Cheh Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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32
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Feng F, Wei Y, Zheng K, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang T, Zhang Y, Li H, Ren G, Li F. Comparison of epidemiological features, clinicopathological features, and treatments between premenopausal and postmenopausal female breast cancer patients in western China: a retrospective multicenter study of 15,389 female patients. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2753-2763. [PMID: 29673111 PMCID: PMC6010855 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancers are considered different types. Thus, this study aimed to explore differences in risk factors, epidemiological features, clinicopathological features, and treatment modes of premenopausal breast cancer compared to postmenopausal patients in western China. This was a hospital-based, retrospective, multicenter epidemiological study of patients with breast cancer. Using the Western China Clinical Cooperation Group database, we obtained the records of 15,389 female breast cancers between January 2010 and April 2017. These patients were divided into premenopausal and postmenopausal groups, and their risk factors, epidemiological feature, clinicopathological features, and treatment modes were compared. Chi-square tests, t-test, and the multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied for statistical analysis. A total of 8395 patients were categorized as premenopausal, and 6994 patients were categorized as postmenopausal. Their risk factors, epidemiological features, clinicopathological features, and treatment modes were compared. Premenopausal patients with breast cancer had a greater tumor diameter at diagnosis (P = 0.008); higher rates of estrogen receptor (ER) expression (P < 0.0001), progesterone receptor (PR) expression (P < 0.0001), negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (P = 0.015), and negative P53 expression (P < 0.0001); and higher proportions of receiving breast-conserving surgery and breast reconstruction (P < 0.0001), chemotherapy (P < 0.0001), radiotherapy (P < 0.0001), and endocrine therapy (P < 0.0001). The ethnicity, age at menarche, marital status, number of pregnancies, and number of births were the risk factors for age at diagnosis of breast cancer before or after menopause in western China. We found that the fall in the fertility rate, early menarche age, married, and less breastfeeding might have increased the possibility of premenopausal breast cancer. Significant differences exist in the tumor size, hormone receptor state, HER2 expression, epidemiological features, and treatment modes between premenopausal and postmenopausal female breast cancer patients in western China. Its further implementation requires prospective clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical UniversityFriendship RoadYu‐Zhong District, ChongQing400016China
| | - Yuxian Wei
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical UniversityFriendship RoadYu‐Zhong District, ChongQing400016China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical UniversityFriendship RoadYu‐Zhong District, ChongQing400016China
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical UniversityFriendship RoadYu‐Zhong District, ChongQing400016China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical UniversityFriendship RoadYu‐Zhong District, ChongQing400016China
| | - Tielin Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical UniversityFriendship RoadYu‐Zhong District, ChongQing400016China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical UniversityFriendship RoadYu‐Zhong District, ChongQing400016China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical UniversityFriendship RoadYu‐Zhong District, ChongQing400016China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical UniversityFriendship RoadYu‐Zhong District, ChongQing400016China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical UniversityFriendship RoadYu‐Zhong District, ChongQing400016China
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Lin CH, Chuang PY, You SL, Chiang CJ, Huang CS, Wang MY, Chao M, Lu YS, Cheng AL, Tang CH. Effect of glucocorticoid use on survival in patients with stage I-III breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 171:225-234. [PMID: 29761323 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used in breast cancer patients to ameliorate emesis induced by chemotherapy. Some preclinical studies have suggested that systemic GCs might promote survival of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer cells. This study aims to clarify their clinical effect on patient survival. METHODS A total of 18,596 women with newly diagnosed stage I-III breast cancer in 2002-2006 were identified from the Taiwan Cancer Database and drug treatment was examined from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Claims Database. Of these, 3989 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (non-chemotherapy cohort) and 3237 patients who received six cycles of adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy (anthracycline cohort) were included. The impact of GC use on survival was analyzed separately in these two cohorts using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS In the non-chemotherapy cohort, GC use was associated with aggressive clinicopathological features of breast cancer. High-dose GC was associated with shorter overall survival in univariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis. In the anthracycline cohort, multivariate analysis showed that GC use at each dose level was significantly associated with longer breast cancer-specific survival (HR 0.65, 0.70, and 0.70 for low-dose, median-dose, and high-dose GC, respectively) and overall survival (HR 0.72, 0.76, and 0.73, respectively) when compared with those receiving no GC. The associations were significant in both ER-positive and ER-negative subgroups for breast cancer-specific survival, and in ER-negative subgroup for overall survival. CONCLUSION Concomitant use of GC improved survival in patients receiving adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy for stage I-III breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Oncology Center, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ya Chuang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, No. 172-1, Keelung Road, Section 2, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - San-Lin You
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Big Data Research Centre, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Taiwan Cancer Registry and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Chao
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiun Tang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, No. 172-1, Keelung Road, Section 2, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Hsieh MH, Chuang PY, Wu CS, Chang CJ, Chung PF, Tang CH. Bipolar patients treated with long-acting injectable risperidone in Taiwan: A 1-year mirror-image study using a national claims database. J Affect Disord 2017; 218:327-334. [PMID: 28494390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is burdensome for patients and healthcare systems. This study evaluated changes in concomitant medication patterns, healthcare utilization, and costs after the initiation of risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) treatment among BD patients. METHOD 287 BD patients receiving regular RLAI treatment for 1 year were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research database during 2007-2012. The bootstrapping procedure was performed to create 1000 samples to generate normally distributed data. The paired t-tests with a correction for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction were used to compare the proportion of patients of concomitant psychiatric medication and resource use and costs between pre- and post-RLAI periods. Rapid and non-rapid cycling stratification was performed based on the number of change-in-mood episodes within 1 year prior to the index date. RESULTS The mean annual dose of RLAI was 638.41mg, which was equal to an average dose of 24.6mg every 2 weeks. The prevalence of concomitant use of conventional antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, lithium, and antidepressants decreased from the pre-RLAI period to the post-RLAI period by 23.75%, 31.91%, 1.29%, and 7.08%, respectively. RLAI use decreased emergency room (ER) visits, hospital admissions, length of hospital stay, and non-medication costs (all P<0.0001). The cost savings with RLAI were attributed to lower hospitalization costs in spite of higher medication costs. Moreover, rapid cycling patients (n=36) demonstrated greater reduction in ER and inpatient services with RLAI than non-rapid cycling patients (n=251). LIMITATIONS Of the patients who initiated RLAI, 15% of them who had regular treatment were included. Furthermore, data on measures of symptom severity, side effects, and hyperprolactinemia were not available. CONCLUSION BD patients had lower inpatient and ER utilization, and non-medication costs after using RLAI. In addition, RLAI use decreased the number of change-in-mood episodes in rapid cycling patients; which provides additional insights into the treatment of rapid cycling BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ya Chuang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jui Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chao-Hsiun Tang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bakhtavar K, Saran M, Behzadifar M, Farsi M. Magnetic resonance mammography in comparison with mammography in the discovery of multifocal, multicentric and bilateral lesions of breast cancer. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5083-5087. [PMID: 28979745 PMCID: PMC5614295 DOI: 10.19082/5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the health system problems and important diseases that is rising in developing and advanced countries. Objective This study aimed to determine the difference of Magnetic Resonance Mammography (MRM) findings versus mammography in detecting multifocal, multi-centric and malignant bilateral lesions in patients with known breast cancer in Tehran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran and Tehran among breast cancer patients between January 2015 and February 2016. Patients were included in the study prior to surgery, at the request of a surgeon with the aim of detecting multifocal, multi-centric and bilateral lesions. Demographic information was also collected from patients. The results for quantitative variables were expressed as mean and standard deviations, and for qualitative variables, were expressed as relative and absolute frequency. Chi-square test was used to compare the two methods. SPSS Ver.24 (IBM) software was used to analyze the data. Results Thirty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients in this study was 48.46±6.836. In mammography, 13 (33.3%) had Composition C and 26 (66.7%) had Composition D according to the type of Composition. In total, 25 patients (89.3%) had one lesion and 3 patients (10.7%) had more than two lesions. In MRM, all lesions observed were mass (54 masses). The number of lesions found in MRM was 27 patients with one lesion (58.9%), 6 patients with two lesions (20.5%) and 5 patients with three lesions (20.6%). MRM detected more lesions compared to mammography (p<0.0001). The value of Chi-square test with a degree of freedom and error level of 0.05 was 3.71 and p<0.0001 that showed a significant relationship between the number of MRM findings in comparison with mammography. Conclusion The results of our study showed that two or more lesions and bilateral lesions in MRM were more than mammography in women with B Breast Composition C, D; the findings showed that MRM has a better ability to detect breast masses, and can affect the patient’s surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Bakhtavar
- MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University Medical of Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Saran
- MD, Resident of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University Medical of Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Behzadifar
- PhD Student, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farsi
- MA, Department of Radiology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University Medical of Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Epidemiology and survival outcome of breast cancer in a nationwide study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16939-16950. [PMID: 28199975 PMCID: PMC5370012 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is among the most prevalent cancers in Taiwan. The National Health Insurance database was used to identify patients with breast cancer and estimate the yearly prevalence and incidence of breast cancer between 1997 and 2013. Joinpoint regression analysis was used for the annual percentage change of incidence, prevalence, and survival outcome. Among 12,181,919 female beneficiaries in 2013, the prevalence was 834.37 per 100,000 persons (95% confidence interval, 829.28–839.45) and the incidence was 93.00 per 100,000 person-year (95% confidence interval, 91.27–94.73). The average annual percentage change of the age-standardized breast cancer incidence was 3.5 per 100,000 person-years (3.1–3.8; P < 0.05), suggesting an increase in breast cancer incidence over the study period. The 5-year mortality rate was 4.5% in 1997 and 4.4% in 2008. The 5-year mortality rate among patients with Charlson comorbidity index > 1 was 39.1% (19.2%–59.1%) in 1997 and 21.1% (15.7%-32.0%) in 2008, with an annual percentage change of –0.8 (–1.3 to 2.9), suggesting that the mortality rate was gradually decreasing in patients with comorbidities. In conclusion, 1 in 120 women in Taiwan has breast cancer and the incidence is rising, while the annual percentage change of breast cancer prevalence is decreasing. The mortality rate of breast cancer was essentially stable, but the 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year mortality rates in people with Charlson comorbidity index > 1 were declined.
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Long-term outcome in young women with breast cancer: a population-based study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 160:131-143. [PMID: 27624330 PMCID: PMC5050247 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Whether young age at diagnosis of breast cancer is an independent risk factor for death remains controversial, and the question whether young age should be considered in treatment decisions is still to be answered. Methods From a population-based cohort of 22,017 women with breast cancer, all women <35 years (n = 471) were compared to a random sample of 700 women aged 35–69 years from the same cohort. Information on patient and tumor characteristics, treatment, and follow-up was collected from the medical records. Tissue microarrays were produced for analysis of classical biomarkers. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) by age were compared using women 50–69 years as reference. Results At 10 years follow-up, women <35 years and 35–39 years had a worse BCSS [age <35 years 69 % (HR 2.75, 95 % CI 1.93–3.94), age 35–39 years 76 % (HR 2.33, 95 % CI 1.54–3.52), age 40–49 years 84 % (HR 1.53, 95 % CI 0.97–2.39), and age 50–69 years 89 % (reference)]. The worse BCSS was statistically significant in stages I–IIa and Luminal B tumors. At multivariate analysis age <35 years and 35–39 years confined a risk in LRFS (HR 2.13, 95 % CI 1.21–3.76 and HR 1.97, 95 % CI 1.06–3.68) but not in DDFS and BCSS. In the subgroup of women <40 years with luminal tumors stage I–IIa, low age remained an independent risk factor also in DDFS (HR 1.87, 95 % CI 1.03–3.44). Conclusion Young women have a high risk of systemic disease even when diagnosed in an early stage. The excess risk of relapse is most pronounced in Luminal B tumors, where low age is an independent prognostic factor of DDFS and LRFS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10549-016-3983-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wang W, Wang X, Liu J, Gao J, Wang J, Wang X, Zhao D. Breast cancer in young women of Chinese Han population: A retrospective study of patients under 25 years. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:1015-1020. [PMID: 27712977 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer has aggressive clinical and pathological features in younger women and is characterized by poorer prognosis than in older women. However, data on women <25 years are limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the different pathological characteristics and prognostic factors in Chinese women with breast cancer <25 years at the time of diagnosis. METHODS This retrospective study included 94 patients (aged <25) of Chinese Han population with operable breast cancer at the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 1, 2000 and September 30, 2015. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed. The median follow-up duration was 64 months (range, 11-200 months). RESULTS The HER2-positive and triple-negative groups had a higher T (P=0.002) and N stage than the luminal A group (P=0.014). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 90.4%, and the disease-free survival (DFS) was 74.5%. The 5-year DFS varied among the four groups were 94.1 vs. 76.9 vs. 45.5 vs. 66.7%, respectively; P=0.009. Multivariate analysis showed that only estrogen receptor (ER) status was a significant predictor of OS and DFS [Hazard ratio (HR)=5.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.11-25.27, P=0.036; HR=2.712, 95%CI=1.27-5.80, P=0.01). CONCLUSION HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer are more likely to have poor prognosis in patients<25years. Hence, ER status may be identified as an independent prognostic factor for predicting young women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Wang
- Breast Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Breast Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Breast Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jidong Gao
- Breast Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Breast Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Breast Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- Abdominal Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Wang K, Ren Y, Li H, Zheng K, Jiang J, Zou T, Ma B, Li H, Liu Q, Ou J, Wang L, Wei W, He J, Ren G. Comparison of Clinicopathological Features and Treatments between Young (≤40 Years) and Older (>40 Years) Female Breast Cancer Patients in West China: A Retrospective, Epidemiological, Multicenter, Case Only Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152312. [PMID: 27031236 PMCID: PMC4816508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of young cases of breast cancer is higher in China compared to the western world. We aimed to explore differences in risk factors, clinicopathological features and treatment modes of young female breast cancer compared to older patients in West China. We collected clinical information from 12,209 female breast cancer patients in West China, including risk factors, clinicopathological features and treatment modes, from January 2010 to December 2012. Chi-square tests and the multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied for statistical analysis. There were 2,682 young (≤40 years) cases and 9,527 older cases at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. Young patients had a greater tumor diameter at diagnosis, and a higher probability of axillary lymph node and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). The progesterone receptor positive expression rate, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor double positive expression rate, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative expression rate was higher in young patients compared to older patients (P < 0.05). For young patients, the age at menarche was earlier, they had lower marriage rates, fewer pregnancies and births, and a lower breastfeeding rate (P < 0.05). A higher proportion of young patients underwent advanced operations, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy compared to older patients (P < 0.05). We found significant differences in the clinicopathological features, risk factors and treatment modes between young (≤40 years) and older (>40 years) female breast cancer patients in West China. As some of these results differ from those found in the western female population, it is likely that the mechanism of tumorigenesis of young female breast cancer patients in West China may differ from that in western developed countries. Further investigation into the regional differences in breast cancer tumorigenesis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong Universtiy, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong Universtiy, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Breast Disease Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianning Zou
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Binlin Ma
- Department of Breast and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Province Tumor Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qilun Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Jianghua Ou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jianjun He
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong Universtiy, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail: (JH); (GR)
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (JH); (GR)
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Characteristics of breast cancer in Central China, literature review and comparison with USA. Breast 2016; 30:208-213. [PMID: 27017410 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This work was to analyze characteristics of breast cancer (BC) in Central China, summarize main characteristics in China and compare with USA. METHODS BC main characteristics from four hospitals in Central China from 2002 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. All the single and large-scale clinical reports covering at least ten years were selected and summarized to calculate the BC characteristics of China. BC Characteristics in USA were selected based on the database from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. RESULTS Age distribution in Central China was normal with one age peak at 45-49 years, displaying differences from USA and Chinese American with two age peaks. BC characteristics in Central China displayed distinct features from USA and Chinese American, including significant younger onset age, lower proportion of patients with stage I, lymph node negative, small tumor size and ER positive. A total ten long-term and large-scale clinical reports were selected for BC characteristics of Mainland China analysis. A total of 53,571 BC patients were enrolled from 1995 to 2012. The main characteristics of BC in Mainland China were similar as that in Central China, but were significant different from developed regions of China (Hong Kong and Taiwan), USA and Chinese American. CONCLUSIONS BC characteristics in Central China displayed representative patterns of Mainland China, while showed distinct patterns from Chinese patients in other developed areas and USA.
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Hsieh YC, Cho EC, Tu SH, Wu CH, Hung CS, Hsieh MC, Su CT, Liu YR, Lee CH, Ho YS, Chiou HY. MSH2 rs2303425 Polymorphism is Associated with Early-Onset Breast Cancer in Taiwan. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 24:603-610. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chang HT, Chou CT, Kuo DH, Shieh P, Jan CR, Liang WZ. The Mechanism of Ca(2+) Movement in the Involvement of Baicalein-Induced Cytotoxicity in ZR-75-1 Human Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1624-1634. [PMID: 26154615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) (1) has been found to be active against a wide variety of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of 1 on the induction of Ca(2+) movement and cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells is unknown. This study examined the relationship between 1-induced Ca(2+) signaling and cytotoxicity in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. The in vitro investigations reported herein produced the following results: (i) Compound 1 increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in a concentration-dependent manner. The signal was decreased by approximately 50% by removal of extracellular Ca(2+). (ii) Compound 1-triggered [Ca(2+)]i increases were significantly suppressed by store-operated Ca(2+) channel blockers 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. (iii) In Ca(2+)-free medium, compound 1-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases were also inhibited by GF109203X. Furthermore, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) or 2,5-ditert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished 1-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished 1-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. (iv) Compound 1 (20-40 μM) caused cytotoxicity, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and activated caspase-9/caspase-3. Furthermore, compound 1-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by prechelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester) or by decreasing ROS with the antioxidant NAC (N-acetylcysteine). Together, baicalein (1) induced a [Ca(2+)]i increase by inducing PLC-dependent Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca(2+) entry via PKC-dependent, 2-APB-sensitive store-operated Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, baicalein (1) induced Ca(2+)-associated apoptosis involved ROS production in ZR-75-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tai Chang
- †Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- ‡Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan, Republic of China
- §Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- ⊥Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- ⊥Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- ∥Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- ∥Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Tang LC, Jin X, Yang HY, He M, Chang H, Shao ZM, Di GH. Luminal B subtype: a key factor for the worse prognosis of young breast cancer patients in China. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:201. [PMID: 25885213 PMCID: PMC4389816 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognoses of young breast cancer patients are poor. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the different characteristics and prognoses among different subtypes of young breast cancer patients. METHODS The study included 1360 patients <40 years-old (y) and 3110 patients 40-50y with operable breast cancer in Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University. The characteristics, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared. RESULTS The median follow-up was 54.1 months. More grade III tumors and more lymph-vascular invasions (P < 0.01) were presented in <40y group when compared with 40-50y group. More patients <40y presented with Luminal B (25.3% vs. 17.5%, P < 0.01) and triple negative (16.7% vs. 13.4%, P < 0.05) breast cancer while fewer had Luminal A tumor (48.5% vs. 59.2%, P < 0.01). Younger patients with tumors of both Luminal A and Luminal B types were at increased risk for worse DFS (P = 0.03, HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.05-2.72; P < 0.01, HR = 3.61, 95% CI = 2.50-5.22) when compared with the older patients. Patients <40y with Luminal B tumor had a two point five fold higher risk of death compared with older counterparts (P < 0.01, HR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.35-4.79), however, a worse overall survival rate was not observed in the younger women with Luminal A breast cancer (P > 0.05). In multivariate analysis, Luminal B subtype was also a strong predictor of disease relapse (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.19, P < 0.01) in younger patients with Luminal subtype tumors. CONCLUSION Characteristics of breast cancer suggested a more aggressive biology in Chinese patients with breast cancer diagnosed at young age. Luminal B subtype may have a negative effect on the prognosis of young patients in China which should be validated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hai-Yuan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Min He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Helena Chang
- Department of Surgery, Revlon/UCLA Breast Canter, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Gen-Hong Di
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Chen TWW, Chen HM, Lin CH, Huang CS, Cheng AL, Lai MS, Lu YS. No increased venous thromboembolism risk in Asian breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:135-42. [PMID: 25240736 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is an effective endocrine treatment for early breast cancer (EBC) but increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. Whether Asian EBC patients (pts) bear the same risk when treated with adjuvant tamoxifen is uncertain. EBC pts diagnosed between 2004 and 2009 were selected from a population database in Taiwan. The pts were followed up from the index date to December 31, 2011 to collect events of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Cumulative incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) were used to compare the risk between pts treated with and without tamoxifen. In addition, comorbidities were included in an adjusted model of the risk of DVT and PE. A total of 28,029 EBC pts, including 17,843 (63.8 %) in the tamoxifen group and 10,155 (36.2 %) in the nontamoxifen group, were analyzed. The 7-year cumulative incidence rates for DVT and PE were 2.58 and 0.32 % in the tamoxifen group and 2.51 and 0.32 % in the nontamoxifen group (P = 0.92 for DVT, P = 0. 65 for PE), respectively. The HR for the nonadjusted and adjusted models showed no differences in DVT and PE risks between the tamoxifen and nontamoxifen groups. The uterine cancer risk was significantly increased in the pts receiving tamoxifen (adjusted HR = 2.79, P < 0.001), suggesting tamoxifen compliance. The risks of developing DVT and PE are not increased in Asian EBC pts receiving adjuvant tamoxifen. Ethnicity differences should be considered when discussing optimal endocrine treatments with EBC pts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wei-Wu Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
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