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Wu J, Jiang L, Shao Q, Liu J, Wang H, Gao Q, Huan C, Wang X, Gao S. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of the wild-type and lpxL/lpxM mutant inactivated vaccine against the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O1, O2, and O78 challenge. Vaccine 2024; 42:2707-2715. [PMID: 38503663 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is primarily responsible for causing septicemia, pneumonitis, peritonitis, swollen head syndrome, and salpingitis in poultry, leading to significant losses in the poultry sector, particularly within the broiler industry. The removal of the lpxL and lpxM genes led to an eightfold decrease in the endotoxin levels of wild APEC strains. In this study, mutant strains of lpxL/lpxM and their O1, O2, and O78 wild-type strains were developed for an inactivated vaccine (referred to as the mutant vaccine and the wild-type vaccine, respectively), and the safety and effectiveness of these two prototype vaccines were assessed in white Leghorn chickens. Findings indicated that chickens immunized with the mutant vaccine showed a return of appetite sooner post-immunization and experienced earlier disappearance of nodules at the injection site compared to those immunized with the wild-type vaccine. Pathological examinations revealed that lesions were still present in the liver, lung, and injection site in chickens vaccinated with the wild-type vaccine 14 days post-vaccination (dpv), whereas no lesions were found in chickens vaccinated with the mutant vaccine at 14 dpv. There were no significant differences in antibody levels on the challenge day or in mortality or lesion scores between challenged birds immunized with either the mutant vaccine or the wild-type vaccine at the same dose. In this study, the safety of a single dose or overdose of the mutant vaccine and its efficacy at one dose were evaluated in broilers, and the results showed that the mutant vaccine had no adverse effects on or protected vaccinated broilers from challenge with the APEC O1, O2, or O78 strains. These results demonstrated that the mutant polyvalent inactivated vaccine is a competitive candidate against APEC O1, O2, and O78 infection compared to the wild-type vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyao Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiwen Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juanhua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changchao Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Li W, Li W, Zhao Q, Wu P, Huang X, Jin W, Wang B, Li S, Liu W, Zhang G, Kang X. Combined analysis of the microbiome, metabolome and transcriptome of silkie chickens in response to avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106586. [PMID: 38382628 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Avian colibacillosis is a bacterial disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) that results in great losses in the poultry industry every year. Individual Silkie chickens of the same breed that are given the same feed in the same feeding conditions have different levels of resistance or susceptibility to APEC. Differences in gut microbes, gut metabolites, and gene expression in the spleen of APEC-resistant and APEC-susceptible chickens were compared, and multiple omics associations were analyzed to explore the mechanism of resistance to APEC in Silkie chickens. Compared with those in the APEC-susceptible group, the APEC-resistant group showed significantly increased abundances of many gut microorganisms, including Bacillus, Thermoactinomyces, Arthrobacter, and Ureibacillus, which were positively correlated with norvaline, l-arginine, and valyl-glycine levels. Intestinal tryptophan, indole, and indole derivative-related differentially abundant metabolites played an active role in combatting APEC infection. In the spleen, "response to stimulus" was the most significantly enriched GO term, and "cytokine‒cytokine receptor interaction" was the most significantly enriched KEGG pathway. The arginine biosynthesis and PPAR signaling pathways were the KEGG pathways that were significantly enriched with differentially abundant metabolites and differentially expressed genes. This study provides new insight into the prevention and treatment of APEC infection in Silkie chickens and lays a foundation to study the mechanism of APEC infection in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wanli Li
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou Henan 450002, China; Institute of Animal Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Qinghan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pinhui Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinmeng Huang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Institute of Animal Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingxun Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou Henan 450002, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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3
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Paudel S, Apostolakos I, Vougat Ngom R, Tilli G, de Carvalho Ferreira HC, Piccirillo A. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of vaccination against colibacillosis in broiler production. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301029. [PMID: 38517875 PMCID: PMC10959377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis, a disease caused by Escherichia coli in broiler chickens has serious implications on food safety, security, and economic sustainability. Antibiotics are required for treating the disease, while vaccination and biosecurity are used for its prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted under the COST Action CA18217-European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT), aimed to assess the efficacy of E. coli vaccination in broiler production and provide evidence-based recommendations. A comprehensive search of bibliographic databases, including, PubMed, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science and Agricola, yielded 2,722 articles. Following a defined protocol, 39 studies were selected for data extraction. Most of the studies were experimental infection trials, with only three field studies identified, underscoring the need for more field-based research. The selected studies reported various types of vaccines, including killed (n = 5), subunit (n = 8), outer membrane vesicles/protein-based (n = 4), live/live-attenuated (n = 16), and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) (n = 6) vaccines. The risk of bias assessment revealed that a significant proportion of studies reporting mortality (92.3%) or feed conversion ratio (94.8%) as outcomes, had "unclear" regarding bias. The meta-analysis, focused on live-attenuated and CpG ODN vaccines, demonstrated a significant trend favoring both vaccination types in reducing mortality. However, the review also highlighted the challenges in reproducing colibacillosis in experimental setups, due to considerable variation in challenge models involving different routes of infection, predisposing factors, and challenge doses. This highlights the need for standardizing the challenge model to facilitate comparisons between studies and ensure consistent evaluation of vaccine candidates. While progress has been made in the development of E. coli vaccines for broilers, further research is needed to address concerns such as limited heterologous protection, practicability for application, evaluation of efficacy in field conditions and adoption of novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Paudel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilias Apostolakos
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ronald Vougat Ngom
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuditta Tilli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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Leszczyńska K, Święcicka I, Daniluk T, Lebensztejn D, Chmielewska-Deptuła S, Leszczyńska D, Gawor J, Kliber M. Escherichia albertii as a Potential Enteropathogen in the Light of Epidemiological and Genomic Studies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1384. [PMID: 37510288 PMCID: PMC10379040 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a new enteropathogen of humans and animals. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and pathogenicity of E. albertii strains isolated in northeastern Poland using epidemiological and genomic studies. In 2015-2018, a total of 1154 fecal samples from children and adults, 497 bird droppings, 212 food samples, 92 water samples, and 500 lactose-negative E. coli strains were tested. A total of 42 E. albertii strains were isolated. The PCR method was suitable for their rapid identification. In total, 33.3% of E. albertii isolates were resistant to one antibiotic, and 16.7% to two. Isolates were sensitive to cefepime, imipenem, levofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and did not produce ESBL β-lactamases. High genetic variability of E. albertii has been demonstrated. In the PFGE method, 90.5% of the strains had distinct pulsotypes. In MLST typing, 85.7% of strains were assigned distinct sequence types (STs), of which 64% were novel ST types. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and Paa toxin genes were found in 100% of E. albertii isolates. Genes encoding toxins, IbeA, CdtB type 2, Tsh and Shiga (Stx2f), were found in 26.2%, 9.7%, 1.7%, and 0.4% of E. albertii isolates, respectively. The chromosome size of the tested strains ranged from 4,573,338 to 5,141,010 bp (average 4,784,003 bp), and at least one plasmid was present in all strains. The study contributes to a more accurate assessment of the genetic diversity of E. albertii and the potential threat it poses to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Leszczyńska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Święcicka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Bialystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Tamara Daniluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lebensztejn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Allergology and Pulmonology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Chmielewska-Deptuła
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dorota Leszczyńska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Gawor
- DNA Sequecing and Synthesis Facility, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kliber
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Identification of Subunits for Novel Universal Vaccines against Three Predominant Serogroups and the Emerging O145 among Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli by Pan-RV Pipeline. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0106122. [PMID: 36533928 PMCID: PMC9888223 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01061-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, a causative agent of avian colibacillosis, has been causing serious economic losses in the poultry industry. The increase in multidrug-resistant isolates and the complexity of the serotypes of this pathogen, especially the recently reported emergence of a newly predominant serogroup of O145, make the control of this disease difficult. To address this challenge, a high-throughput screening approach, called Pan-RV (Reverse vaccinology based on pangenome analysis), is proposed to search for universal protective antigens against the three traditional serogroups and the newly emerged O145. Using this approach, a total of 61 proteins regarded as probable antigens against the four important serogroups were screened from the core genome of 127 Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) genomes, and six were verified by Western blots using antisera. Overall, our research will provide a foundation for the development of an APEC subunit vaccine against avian colibacillosis. Given the exponential growth of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, our Pan-RV pipeline will make screening of bacterial vaccine candidates inexpensive, rapid, and efficient. IMPORTANCE With the emergence of drug resistance and the newly predominant serogroup O145, the control of Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli is facing a serious challenge; an efficient immunological method is urgently needed. Here, for the first time, we propose a high-throughput screening approach to search for universal protective antigens against the three traditional serogroups and the newly emerged O145. Importantly, using this approach, a total of 61 proteins regarded as probable antigens against the four important serogroups were screened, and three were shown to be immunoreactive with all antisera (covering the four serogroups), thereby providing a foundation for the development of APEC subunit vaccines against avian colibacillosis. Further, our Pan-RV pipeline will provide immunological control strategies for pathogens with complex and variable genetic backgrounds such as Escherichia coli and will make screening of bacterial vaccine candidates more inexpensive, rapid, and efficient.
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Hu J, Afayibo DJA, Zhang B, Zhu H, Yao L, Guo W, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang D, Peng H, Tian M, Qi J, Wang S. Characteristics, pathogenic mechanism, zoonotic potential, drug resistance, and prevention of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1049391. [PMID: 36583051 PMCID: PMC9793750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains are commensal and abundant, certain pathogenic strains cause severe diseases from gastroenteritis to extraintestinal infections. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) contains newborn meningitis E. coli (NMEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), and septicemic E. coli (SEPEC) based on their original host and clinical symptom. APEC is a heterogeneous group derived from human ExPEC. APEC causes severe respiratory and systemic diseases in a variety of avians, threatening the poultry industries, food security, and avian welfare worldwide. APEC has many serotypes, and it is a widespread pathogenic bacterium in poultry. In addition, ExPEC strains share significant genetic similarities and similar pathogenic mechanisms, indicating that APEC potentially serves as a reservoir of virulence and resistance genes for human ExPEC, and the virulence and resistance genes can be transferred to humans through food animals. Due to economic losses, drug resistance, and zoonotic potential, APEC has attracted heightened awareness. Various virulence factors and resistance genes involved in APEC pathogenesis and drug resistance have been identified. Here, we review the characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism zoonotic potential, and drug resistance of APEC, and summarize the current status of diagnosis, alternative control measures, and vaccine development, which may help to have a better understanding of the pathogenesis and resistance of APEC, thereby reducing economic losses and preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant APEC to humans.
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Wang Z, Zheng X, Guo G, Dong Y, Xu Z, Wei X, Han X, Liu Y, Zhang W. Combining pangenome analysis to identify potential cross-protective antigens against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Avian Pathol 2021; 51:66-75. [PMID: 34845943 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.2005240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the bacterial pathogen of poultry colibacillosis, which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The lack of an effective vaccine against multiple serotypes and the emergence of multi-resistant isolates have made the control of avian colibacillosis troublesome. To identify conserved potential vaccine candidates, 58 genomes of APEC were obtained (54 sequenced by our laboratory and 4 downloaded from NCBI). A reverse vaccinology (RV) method based on the pangenome - called Pan-RV analysis - was performed in APEC-protective protein mining for the first time. Finally, four proteins were selected, and their immunoreactivity with anti-O1, O2, and O78 serum was verified by western blotting. Our in silico method of analysis will pave the way for rapid screening of vaccine candidates and will lay the foundation for the development of a highly effective subunit vaccine controlling APEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangkuan Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genglin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongyi Dong
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiankai Wei
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250108, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Mehat JW, van Vliet AHM, La Ragione RM. The Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pathotype is comprised of multiple distinct, independent genotypes. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:402-416. [PMID: 34047644 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1915960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry through morbidity, mortality and carcass condemnation, and impacts the welfare of poultry. Colibacillosis remains a complex disease to manage, hampered by diagnostic and classification strategies for E. coli that are inadequate for defining APEC. However, increased accessibility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology has enabled phylogenetic approaches to be applied to the classification of E. coli and genomic characterization of the most common APEC serotypes associated with colibacillosis O1, O2 and O78. These approaches have demonstrated that the O78 serotype is representative of two distinct APEC lineages, ST-23 in phylogroup C and ST-117 in phylogroup G. The O1 and O2 serotypes belong to a third lineage comprised of three sub-populations in phylogroup B2; ST-95, ST-140 and ST-428/ST-429. The frequency with which these genotypes are associated with colibacillosis implicates them as the predominant APEC populations and distinct from those causing incidental or opportunistic infections. The fact that these are disparate clusters from multiple phylogroups suggests that these lineages may have become adapted to the poultry niche independently. WGS studies have highlighted the limitations of traditional APEC classification and can now provide a path towards a robust and more meaningful definition of the APEC pathotype. Future studies should focus on characterizing individual APEC populations in detail and using this information to develop improved diagnostics and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai W Mehat
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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9
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Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): An Overview of Virulence and Pathogenesis Factors, Zoonotic Potential, and Control Strategies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040467. [PMID: 33921518 PMCID: PMC8069529 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in avian species, and recent reports have suggested APEC as a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen. Herein, we discuss the virulence and pathogenesis factors of APEC, review the zoonotic potential, provide the current status of antibiotic resistance and progress in vaccine development, and summarize the alternative control measures being investigated. In addition to the known virulence factors, several other factors including quorum sensing system, secretion systems, two-component systems, transcriptional regulators, and genes associated with metabolism also contribute to APEC pathogenesis. The clear understanding of these factors will help in developing new effective treatments. The APEC isolates (particularly belonging to ST95 and ST131 or O1, O2, and O18) have genetic similarities and commonalities in virulence genes with human uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC) and abilities to cause urinary tract infections and meningitis in humans. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of APEC cannot be undervalued. APEC resistance to almost all classes of antibiotics, including carbapenems, has been already reported. There is a need for an effective APEC vaccine that can provide protection against diverse APEC serotypes. Alternative therapies, especially the virulence inhibitors, can provide a novel solution with less likelihood of developing resistance.
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10
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Newman DM, Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Willis D, Nolan LK, Logue CM. Characterizing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from colibacillosis cases, 2018. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11025. [PMID: 33717713 PMCID: PMC7937341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a devastating disease of poultry that results in multi-million-dollar losses annually to the poultry industry. Disease syndromes associated with APEC includes colisepticemia, cellulitis, air sac disease, peritonitis, salpingitis, omphalitis, and osteomyelitis among others. A total of 61 APEC isolates collected during the Fall of 2018 (Aug-Dec) from submitted diagnostic cases of poultry diagnosed with colibacillosis were assessed for the presence of 44 virulence-associated genes, 24 antimicrobial resistance genes and 17 plasmid replicon types. Each isolate was also screened for its ability to form biofilm using the crystal violet assay and antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using the NARMS panel. Overall, the prevalence of virulence genes ranged from 1.6% to >90% with almost all strains harboring genes that are associated with the ColV plasmid-the defining trait of the APEC pathotype. Overall, 58 strains were able to form biofilms and only three strains formed negligible biofilms. Forty isolates displayed resistance to antimicrobials of the NARMS panel ranging from one to nine agents. This study highlights that current APEC causing disease in poultry possess virulence and resistance traits and form biofilms which could potentially lead to challenges in colibacillosis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby M Newman
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aline L de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dajour Willis
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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11
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Fancher CA, Zhang L, Kiess AS, Adhikari PA, Dinh TT, Sukumaran AT. Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens: Challenges in No Antibiotics Ever Broiler Production and Potential Solutions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1533. [PMID: 33036173 PMCID: PMC7599686 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
United States is the largest producer and the second largest exporter of broiler meat in the world. In the US, broiler production is largely converting to antibiotic-free programs which has caused an increase in morbidity and mortality within broiler farms. Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens are two important pathogenic bacteria readily found in the broiler environment and result in annual billion-dollar losses from colibacillosis, gangrenous dermatitis, and necrotic enteritis. The broiler industry is in search of non-antibiotic alternatives including novel vaccines, prebiotics, probiotics, and housing management strategies to mitigate production losses due to these diseases. This review provides an overview of the broiler industry and antibiotic free production, current challenges, and emerging research on antibiotic alternatives to reduce pathogenic microbial presence and improve bird health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Fancher
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Aaron S. Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Pratima A. Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Thu T.N. Dinh
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Anuraj T. Sukumaran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
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Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and Plasmid AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli Causing Community-Onset Bloodstream Infection: Association of Bacterial Clones and Virulence Genes with Septic Shock, Source of Infection, and Recurrence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02351-19. [PMID: 32423949 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02351-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive infections due to extended-spectrum-β-lactamase- and pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/pAmpC-EC) are an important cause of morbidity, often caused by the high-risk clone sequence type (ST131) and isolates classified as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). The relative influence of host immunocompetence versus microbiological virulence factors in the acquisition and outcome of bloodstream infections (BSI) is poorly understood. Herein, we used whole-genome sequencing on 278 blood culture isolates of ESBL/pAmpC-EC from 260 patients with community-onset BSI collected from 2012 to 2015 in Stockholm to study the association of virulence genes, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance with severity of disease, infection source, ESBL/pAmpC-EC BSI low-risk patients, and patients with repeated episodes. ST131 subclade C2 comprised 29% of all patients. Factors associated with septic shock in multivariable analysis were patient host factors (hematologic cancer or transplantation and reduced daily living activity), presence of the E. coli virulence factor iss (increased serum survival), absence of phenotypic multidrug resistance, and absence of the genes pap and hsp Adhesins, particularly pap, were associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) source, while isolates from post-prostate biopsy sepsis had a low overall number of virulence operons, including adhesins, and commonly belonged to ST131 clades A, B, and subclade C1, ST1193, and ST648. ST131 was associated with recurrent episodes. In conclusion, the most interesting finding is the association of iss with septic shock. Adhesins are important for UTI pathogenesis, while otherwise low-pathogenic isolates from the microbiota can cause post-prostate biopsy sepsis.
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Hoseini Shahidi R, Hashemi Tabar G, Bassami MR, Jamshidi A, Dehghani H. The design and application of a bacterial ghost vaccine to evaluate immune response and defense against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O2:K1 serotype. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:153-161. [PMID: 31228739 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An Escherichia coli (E. coli) O2:K1 bacterial ghost was produced by controlled expression of bacteriophage PhiX 174 lysis gene E. Temperature controlled expression of this gene caused tunnels and holes in the cell wall of E. coli O2:K1 bacterium, leading to loss of cytoplasmic contents. Formation of E. coli O2:K1 ghost was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and determination of colony forming units. To evaluate the efficiency of this bacterial ghost vaccine to elicit cellular and humoral immune responses, 85 one day old chickens from Ross 308 breed were divided into the following 5 groups; group 1 (non-immunized control), group 2 (vaccine administered by injection of E. coli O2:K1 killed vaccine), group 3 (vaccine administered by injection of E. coli O2:K1 ghost), group 4 (vaccine administered by inhalation of E. coli O2:K1 ghost), and group 5 (neither immunized, nor challenged as negative control). The groups of 2, 3, and 4 were received vaccines at days 7, 14, and 22. Groups 1 to 4 were challenged with the wild type at day 33. Evaluation of post-mortem lesions and immune responses in all groups showed that chicken injected with the killed vaccine and the bacterial ghost had the best protection. These findings suggest that this bacterial ghost has the potential to be used as a poultry colibacillosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hoseini Shahidi
- Biotechnology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hashemi Tabar
- Biotechnology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Bassami
- Biotechnology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Division of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jamshidi
- Division of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Biotechnology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Division of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Cummins ML, Reid CJ, Roy Chowdhury P, Bushell RN, Esbert N, Tivendale KA, Noormohammadi AH, Islam S, Marenda MS, Browning GF, Markham PF, Djordjevic SP. Whole genome sequence analysis of Australian avian pathogenic Escherichia coli that carry the class 1 integrase gene. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 30672731 PMCID: PMC6421350 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause widespread economic losses in poultry production and are potential zoonotic pathogens. Genome sequences of 95 APEC from commercial poultry operations in four Australian states that carried the class 1 integrase gene intI1, a proxy for multiple drug resistance (MDR), were characterized. Sequence types ST117 (22/95), ST350 (10/95), ST429 and ST57 (each 9/95), ST95 (8/95) and ST973 (7/95) dominated, while 24 STs were represented by one or two strains. FII and FIB repA genes were the predominant (each 93/95, 98 %) plasmid incompatibility groups identified, but those of B/O/K/Z (25/95, 26 %) and I1 (24/95, 25 %) were also identified frequently. Virulence-associated genes (VAGs) carried by ColV and ColBM virulence plasmids, including those encoding protectins [iss (91/95, 96 %), ompT (91/95, 96 %) and traT (90/95, 95 %)], iron-acquisition systems [sitA (88/95, 93 %), etsA (87/95, 92 %), iroN (84/95, 89 %) and iucD/iutA (84/95, 89 %)] and the putative avian haemolysin hylF (91/95, 96 %), featured prominently. Notably, mobile resistance genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, colistin, extended-spectrum β-lactams and carbapenems were not detected in the genomes of these 95 APEC but carriage of the sulphonamide resistance gene, sul1 (59/95, 63 %), the trimethoprim resistance gene cassettes dfrA5 (48/95, 50 %) and dfrA1 (25/95, 27 %), the tetracycline resistance determinant tet(A) (51/95, 55 %) and the ampicillin resistance genes blaTEM-1A/B/C (48/95, 52 %) was common. IS26 (77/95, 81 %), an insertion element known to capture and mobilize a wide spectrum of antimicrobial resistance genes, was also frequently identified. These studies provide a baseline snapshot of drug-resistant APEC in Australia and their role in the carriage of ColV-like virulence plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L Cummins
- 1The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Cameron J Reid
- 1The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- 1The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Rhys N Bushell
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Nicolas Esbert
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Kelly A Tivendale
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Shaiful Islam
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Marc S Marenda
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Philip F Markham
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- 1The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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15
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Stromberg ZR, Van Goor A, Redweik GAJ, Mellata M. Characterization of Spleen Transcriptome and Immunity Against Avian Colibacillosis After Immunization With Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine Strains. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:198. [PMID: 30186843 PMCID: PMC6113917 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes extraintestinal infections in poultry. Vaccines targeting APEC in chickens have been partially successful, but many lack heterologous protection. Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) strains can induce broad immunity against Salmonella and be modified to deliver E. coli antigens. Along with vaccine characteristics, understanding the host response is crucial for developing improved vaccines. The objectives of this study were to evaluate host responses to vaccination with an RASV producing E. coli common pilus (ECP) and assess protection against APEC infection in chickens. Four-day-old White Leghorn chickens were unvaccinated or orally vaccinated and boosted 2 weeks later with RASV χ8025(pYA3337), RASV χ8025(pYA4428) carrying ecp operon genes, or a combination of χ8025(pYA3337) and χ8025(pYA4428) (Combo). To assess host responses, serum IgY and intestinal IgA antibody titers were measured, and spleen samples (n = 4/group) were collected from unvaccinated and Combo vaccinated 4-week-old chickens for RNA-seq. Vaccine protection potential against Salmonella and APEC was evaluated in vitro using bacterial inhibition assays. Five-week-old chickens were challenged via air sac with either an APEC O2 or O78 strain. E. coli was enumerated from internal organs, and gross colibacillosis lesions were scored at necropsy. RASV immunized chickens elicited anti-E. coli antibodies. The spleen transcriptome revealed that 93% (89/96) of differentially expressed genes (DEG) were more highly expressed in Combo vaccinated compared to unvaccinated chickens, with signal as the most significantly impacted category. RNA-seq analysis also revealed altered cellular and metabolic processes, response to stimulus after vaccination, and immune system processes. Six DEG including genes linked to transcription regulation, actin cytoskeleton, and signaling were highly positively correlated with antibody levels. Samples from RASV immunized chickens showed protection potential against Salmonella strains using in vitro assays, but a variable response was found for APEC strains. After APEC challenges, significant differences were not detected for bacterial loads or gross lesions scores, but χ8025(pYA3337) immunized and χ8025(pYA4428) immunized chickens had significantly fewer number of APEC-O2-positive samples than unvaccinated chickens. This study shows that RASVs can prime the immune system for APEC infection, and is a first step toward developing improved therapeutics for APEC infections in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Stromberg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Graham A J Redweik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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16
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Ebrahimi-Nik H, Bassami MR, Mohri M, Rad M, Khan MI. Bacterial ghost of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) serotype O78:K80 as a homologous vaccine against avian colibacillosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194888. [PMID: 29566080 PMCID: PMC5864078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian Colibacillosis is among the major causes of economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide, with a more vivid impact on developing countries. The involvement of several bacteria has made it challenging to develop effective vaccines for this disease, particularly because it is notoriously difficult to make a vaccine that contains all the contributing pathogenic bacteria. Here, we report the design and fabrication of a bacterial ghost (BG) of E. coli O78:K80, which is among the major bacterial serotypes responsible for this disease. The generated ghost is then exploited as a homologous vaccine against Avian Colibacillosis. We demonstrate that hole formation in the cell wall of E. coli O78:K80 can happen properly in optical densities as high as 0.8 compared to the 0.3–0.4 standard for bacteria like E. coli TOP10. This is especially advantageous for mass production of this ghost which is a vital factor in development of any BG-based vaccine. Compared to E. coli TOP10, we faced a great challenge in transforming the wild type bacteria with the E-lysis plasmid which was probably due to higher thickness of the cell wall in O78:K80. This, however, was addressed by treating the cell wall with a different combination of ions.The vaccine was administered to Ross 308 broiler chickens via injection as well as through their respiratory system at a dose of 1010 BGs, repeated 3 times at weekly intervals. Chickens were then challenged with the wild type O78:K80 at a dose of 1011 bacteria together with Infectious Bronchitis H120 vaccine (as immunosuppressant) one week after the last immunization. Air sac lesions were significantly reduced in BG vaccinated groups in comparison with the control group. The levels of IFNγ, IgA and IgY were measured in the serum of immunized chickens as an indication of immune response and were compared with those of the chickens vaccinated with killed bacteria. The results show that O78:K80 BG can be used as an efficient homologous vaccine against Colibacillosis disease in poultry. We expect our findings can serve as the starting point for designing more sophisticated vaccines that contain all three major pathogenic bacteria involved in avian Colibacillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Ebrahimi-Nik
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bassami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Mehrnaz Rad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mazhar I. Khan
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
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Wang S, Yao J, Zhou B, Yang J, Chaudry MT, Wang M, Xiao F, Li Y, Yin W. Bacteriostatic Effect of Quercetin as an Antibiotic Alternative In Vivo and Its Antibacterial Mechanism In Vitro. J Food Prot 2018; 81:68-78. [PMID: 29271686 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a ubiquitous flavonoid, is known to have antibacterial effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of quercetin on cecal microbiota of Arbor Acre (AA) broiler chickens in vivo and the bacteriostatic effect and antibacterial mechanism of quercetin in vitro. In vivo, 480 AA broilers (1 day old) were randomly allotted to four treatments (negative control and 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 g of quercetin per kg of diet) for 42 days. Cecal microbial population and distribution were measured at the end of the experiment. The cecal microflora in these broilers included Proteobacteria, Fimicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Deferribacteres. Compared with the negative control, quercetin significantly decreased the copies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P < 0.05), Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium ( P < 0.01), Staphylococcus aureus ( P < 0.01), and Escherichia coli ( P < 0.01) but significantly increased the copies of Lactobacillus ( P < 0.01), Bifidobacterium ( P < 0.01), and total bacteria ( P < 0.01). In vitro, we investigated the bacteriostatic effect of quercetin on four kinds of bacteria ( E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enterica Typhimurium, and S. aureus) and the antibacterial mechanism of quercetin in E. coli and S. aureus. The bacteriostatic effect of quercetin was stronger on gram-positive bacteria than on gram-negative bacteria. Quercetin damaged the cell walls and membranes of E. coli (at 50 × MIC) and S. aureus (at 10 × MIC). Compared with the control, the activity of the extracellular alkaline phosphatase and β-galactosidase and concentrations of soluble protein in E. coli and S. aureus were significantly increased (all P < 0.01), and the activity of ATP in S. aureus was significantly increased ( P < 0.01); however, no significant change in ATP activity in E. coli was observed ( P > 0.05). These results suggest that quercetin has potential as an alternative antibiotic feed additive in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengan Wang
- 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Yao
- 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhou
- 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Maria T Chaudry
- 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Wang
- 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Xiao
- 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhe Yin
- 2 Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, People's Republic of China
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18
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Uotani Y, Kitahara R, Imai T, Tsutsumi N, Sasakawa C, Nagai S, Nagano T. Efficacy of an avian colibacillosis live vaccine for layer breeder in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1215-1219. [PMID: 28603216 PMCID: PMC5559366 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis is one of an economically significant disease in the poultry industry, especially for meat breed chickens. Recently it has become a serious problem for layer especially when the birds start laying and also at the later stage of laying. In Japan, the productivity of field laying hens improved when the Δcrp avian colibacillosis live vaccine (“Gall N tect CBL”) was used. The survival rate and egg laying rate increased during almost all of the laying period when compared with the control group. The improvement in productivity was clearly demonstrated by comparing the number of eggs laid per day. The use of an avian colibacillosis live vaccine proved to be cost-effective in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Uotani
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Rie Kitahara
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan.,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673 Japan
| | - Shinya Nagai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Nagano
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
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19
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Host immune responses and vaccination against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli - RETRACTED. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933916000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Novel MicroRNA Involved in Host Response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Identified by Deep Sequencing and Integration Analysis. Infect Immun 2016; 85:IAI.00688-16. [PMID: 27795362 PMCID: PMC5203650 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00688-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes one of the most common bacterial diseases of poultry worldwide. Effective control methods are therefore desirable and will be facilitated by a better understanding of the host response to the pathogen. Currently, microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in host resistance to APEC are unknown. Here, we applied RNA sequencing to explore the changed miRNAs and deregulated genes in the spleen of three groups of broilers: nonchallenged (NC), APEC-challenged with mild pathology (CM), and APEC-challenged with severe pathology (CS). Twenty-seven differentially expressed miRNAs (fold change >1.5; P value <0.01) were identified, including 13 miRNAs between the NC and CM, 17 between the NC and CS, and 14 between the CM and CS groups. Through functional analysis of these miRNA targets, 12 immune-related biological processes were found to be significantly enriched. Based on combined analyses of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs within each of the three groups, 43 miRNA-mRNA pairs displayed significantly negative correlations (r < −0.8). Notably, gga-miR-429 was greatly increased in the CS group compared to levels in both the CM and NC groups. In vitro, gga-miR-429 directly repressed luciferase reporter gene activity via binding to 3′ untranslated regions of TMEFF2, NTRK2, and SHISA2. Overexpression of gga-miR-429 in the HD11 macrophage cell line significantly inhibited TMEFF2 and SHISA2 expression, which are involved in the lipopolysaccharide-induced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and Wnt signaling pathways. In summary, we provide the first report characterizing the miRNA changes during APEC infection, which may help to shed light on the roles of these recently identified genetic elements in the mechanisms of host resistance and susceptibility to APEC.
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Askari Badouei M, Joseph Blackall P, Koochakzadeh A, Haghbin Nazarpak H, Sepehri MA. Prevalence and clonal distribution of avian Escherichia coli isolates harboring increased serum survival (iss) gene. J APPL POULTRY RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Pors SE, Skjerning RB, Flachs EM, Bojesen AM. Recombinant proteins from Gallibacterium anatis induces partial protection against heterologous challenge in egg-laying hens. Vet Res 2016; 47:36. [PMID: 26915521 PMCID: PMC4766669 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallibacterium anatis is a Gram-negative bacterium and major cause of salpingitis and peritonitis in egg-laying hens, thereby contributing to decreased egg production and increased mortality among the hens. Due to widespread drug resistance and antigenic diversity, novel prophylactic measures are urgently required. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cross-protective capacity of three recombinant proteins recently identified as potential vaccine candidates; GtxA-N, GtxA-C, and FlfA, in an in vivo challenge model. Nine groups of birds were immunized twice with each protein, respectively, with 14 days separation. Additionally, three groups served as non-immunized controls. After 3 weeks, the birds were challenged with either of three G. anatis strains: 12656-12, 7990 or IPDH 697-78, respectively. Blood samples were taken at three different time points prior to challenge, as well as 48 h after challenge. All birds were euthanized and subjected to a post mortem procedure including scoring of lesions and sampling for bacterial growth. Moreover, ELISA assays were used to quantify antigen-specific IgG titers in serum. The results showed that all three proteins induced protection against the homologous strain 12656-12. No protein induced complete protection against strain 7990, although FlfA reduced the bacterial re-isolation rate. Moreover, immunization with GtxA-N and FlfA induced protection, while GtxA-C reduced the bacterial re-isolation, against strain IPDH 697-78. Thus although complete cross-protection against all three strains was not achieved, the results hold great promise for a new generation of immunogens in the search for novel prophylactic measures against G. anatis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Elisabeth Pors
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Ragnhild Bager Skjerning
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Esben M Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli ΔtonB mutants are safe and protective live-attenuated vaccine candidates. Vet Microbiol 2014; 173:289-98. [PMID: 25205199 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause colibacillosis, a serious respiratory disease in poultry. Most APEC strains possess TonB-dependent outer membrane transporters for the siderophores salmochelin and aerobactin, which both contribute to their capacity to cause disease. To assess the potential of iron transport deficient mutants as vaccine candidates, the tonB gene was deleted in the APEC wild type strain E956 and a Δfur (ferric uptake repressor) mutant of E956. The growth of the ΔtonB and ΔtonB/Δfur mutants was impaired in iron-restricted conditions, but not in iron-replete media. Day old chicks were exposed to aerosols of the mutants to assess their efficacy as live attenuated vaccines. At day 18, the birds were challenged with aerosols of the virulent parent strain E956. Both mutants conferred protection against colibacillosis; weight gains and lesion scores were significantly different between the vaccinated groups and an unvaccinated challenged control group. Thus mutation of iron uptake systems can be used as a platform technology to generate protective live attenuated vaccines against extraintestinal E. coli infections, and potentially a range of Gram negative pathogens of importance in veterinary medicine.
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Mombarg M, Bouzoubaa K, Andrews S, Vanimisetti HB, Rodenberg J, Karaca K. Safety and efficacy of anaroA-deleted live vaccine against avian colibacillosis in a multicentre field trial in broilers in Morocco. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:276-81. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.917760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chaudhari AA, Kariyawasam S. An experimental infection model for Escherichia coli egg peritonitis in layer chickens. Avian Dis 2014; 58:25-33. [PMID: 24758109 DOI: 10.1637/10536-032213-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes an experimental infection model for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)-induced egg peritonitis in layer chickens. First, a pilot study which consisted of two separate experiments was carried out to compare two routes of inoculations of APEC to induce peritonitis and to examine if the presence of egg yolk in the peritoneum would facilitate APEC-induced peritonitis. This study showed that the presence of egg yolk in the peritoneum facilitated the development of egg peritonitis when the APEC was inoculated via the intra-uterine (IU) route. Based on the results of the pilot study, 56-wk-old white leghorn hens were divided into two groups of five chickens, Group G (inoculated with E. coli APECO78 strain) and Group H (control). Both groups were inoculated with 2-3 ml of egg yolk via the intraperitoneal route (IP). Subsequently, hens in Group H were inoculated with only egg yolk whereas the hens in Group G were inoculated with 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units of APECO78 bacteria via the IU route. Parameters such as mortality, clinical signs (anorexia, depression, and egg production efficiency), gross lesion scores, bacterial loads in internal organs, and histopathology of ovary and oviduct were assessed to evaluate the success of the infection model. Group G showed 40% acute mortality, severe depression, and anorexia with markedly reduced egg production and developed peritonitis-associated lesions such as accumulation of yellowish caseous fluid in the peritoneum, salpingitis, and oophoritis. Histopathologically, ovarian and oviduct tissues from group G exhibited severe inflammatory changes such as infiltration of mononuclear cells and edema. Group G also showed significant bacterial loads in the peritoneum, ovary, and oviduct. Interestingly, deceased birds from group G had also developed mild perihepatitis and pericarditis with heavy bacterial loads in the internal organs. On the other hand, group H birds did not exhibit any of the clinical signs and remained healthy until the end of the experiment. To summarize, our results demonstrate that IP administration of egg yolk followed by IU inoculation of APECO78 induced peritonitis in laying hens. Experimental infection models are often required to understand the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Therefore, the present infection model will aid in the studies of pathogenesis of layer peritonitis caused by APEC and in evaluating vaccine candidates to control the disease.
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Ghunaim H, Abu-Madi MA, Kariyawasam S. Advances in vaccination against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli respiratory disease: potentials and limitations. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:13-22. [PMID: 24878325 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the most economically devastating pathogens affecting the poultry industry. This group of extra-intestinal E. coli causes a variety of clinical conditions including airsacculitis and cellulitis. The economic impact of APEC is mainly due to mortality, slower growth rates, and carcass downgrading. In commercial broiler operations, APEC infections are controlled indirectly by vaccination against other respiratory diseases and minimizing stress conditions, and directly by administration of antimicrobial agents to suppress the infection in already infected flocks. The fact that most APEC strains possess some common virulence factors suggests that an effective vaccine against APEC is a viable option. The most important virulence factors that have been investigated over the years include type I and P fimbriae, aerobactin iron-acquisition system, and serum resistance traits. Despite the potential for developing an efficacious vaccine to combat this economically important poultry disease, several obstacles hinder such efforts. Those obstacles include the cost, vaccine delivery method and timing of vaccination as the birds should be immune to APEC by 21 days of age. Herein, we review the various attempts to develop an effective vaccine against the respiratory form of APEC diseases in poultry. We also discuss in-depth the potentials and limitations of such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Ghunaim
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Marwan Abdelhamid Abu-Madi
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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Kemmett K, Williams NJ, Chaloner G, Humphrey S, Wigley P, Humphrey T. The contribution of systemic Escherichia coli infection to the early mortalities of commercial broiler chickens. Avian Pathol 2013; 43:37-42. [PMID: 24328462 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.866213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are a substantial burden to the global poultry industry. APEC cause a syndromic poultry infection known as colibacillosis, which has been previously associated with broiler chickens over 2 weeks old. We recently reported that the intestinal tract of 1-day-old broilers harbours a rich reservoir of potentially pathogenic E. coli. Prior infections of the reproductive tract of breeders, egg hygiene and transportation all contribute to early colonization of the neonatal gut. Up to one-half of all flock deaths occur in the first week of production, but few data are available describing the contribution of E. coli. In the present study, all dead birds collected on the first daily welfare walk 48 and 72 h after chick placement underwent post-mortem examination. Diseased tissues were selectively cultured for E. coli and isolates subsequently virulotyped using 10 APEC virulence-associated genes (VAGs): astA, iss, irp2, iucD, papC, tsh, vat, cvi, sitA and ibeA. Approximately 70% of birds displayed signs of colibacillosis. Thirty distinct virulence profiles were identified among 157 E. coli. Isolates carried between zero and seven VAGs; ∼ 30% of E. coli isolates carried five to seven VAGs, with 12.7% sharing the same VAG profile (astA, iss, irp2, iucD, tsh, cvi and sitA). Overall, this study demonstrates the significant contribution of E. coli infections to early broiler mortalities. The identification of a diverse E. coli population is unsurprising based on our previous findings. This work emphasizes the need for an effective vaccination programme and provides preliminary data for vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kemmett
- a Zoonotic Infections of People, Pigs and Poultry Group , Institute of Infection & Global Health and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Leahurst Campus, Neston , UK
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Chaudhari AA, Matsuda K, Lee JH. Construction of an attenuated Salmonella delivery system harboring genes encoding various virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and its potential as a candidate vaccine for chicken colibacillosis. Avian Dis 2013; 57:88-96. [PMID: 23678735 DOI: 10.1637/10277-061312-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An attenuated Salmonella (deltalon, deltacpxR, and deltaasdA16) delivery system containing the genes encoding P-fimbriae (papa and papG), aerobactin receptor (iutA), and CS31A surface antigen (clpG) of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) was constructed, and its potential as a vaccine candidate against APEC infection in chickens was evaluated. The birds were divided into three groups designated group A (nonvaccinated control), group B (given a single immunization), and group C (administered prime and boost immunizations). Prime and booster vaccinations with the constructions were administered to 1-day-old and 14-day-old birds, respectively. Immune responses were measured postimmunization, and the birds were challenged via an intra-air sac route with a virulent APEC strain at the second, third, and fourth weeks of age. Group B birds were partially protected against the challenge and showed increased levels of plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)G, mucosal IgA antibodies, and lymphocyte proliferation. Group C birds showed greater protection against the challenge, with significantly stronger immune responses compared with the birds in the other groups. Overall, our data suggest that the Salmonella delivery system with recombinant constructs is capable of inducing robust immune responses and induces effective protection against colibacillosis caused by APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul A Chaudhari
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Bao Y, Zhai Z, Wang S, Ma J, Zhang W, Lu C. Chaperonin GroEL: A novel phylogenetically conserved protein with strong immunoreactivity of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from duck identified by immunoproteomics. Vaccine 2013; 31:2947-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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La Ragione RM, Woodward MJ, Kumar M, Rodenberg J, Fan H, Wales AD, Karaca K. Efficacy of a Live AttenuatedEscherichia coliO78∶K80 Vaccine in Chickens and Turkeys. Avian Dis 2013; 57:273-9. [DOI: 10.1637/10326-081512-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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