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Arabuli L, Murvanidze L, Faltynkova A, Mumladze L. Checklist of digeneans (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Digenea) of Georgia. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e110201. [PMID: 38304140 PMCID: PMC10833000 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study, we aim to provide an inventory of digenetic trematodes (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, Digenea) from Georgia including records from the freshwater, marine and terrestrial realms. The checklist is based on a critical review of data from 109 papers, 11 monographs and four Ph.D. theses published between 1935 and 2019 and our new records. The checklist includes information on synonymy, the host species, site of infection, geographical distribution and bibliographical references. The present data will serve as a baseline for further studies on trematodes from Georgia focused on integrative taxonomy, life-cycle elucidation, parasite ecology and epidemiology. New information We compiled data on the digenean trematode fauna of Georgia, which is represented by 186 species (of these 173 identified to species level) belonging to 108 genera, 47 families and 17 superfamilies. This is the first checklist of the digeneans of Georgia. The majority of digenean species were recorded as adults (160 species), only a small fraction being found as cercariae (33 species) or metacercariae (24 species), in their first or second intermediate hosts, respectively. Predominantly, records of trematodes (62 species) from birds were found, followed by those parasitising fish (50 species, i.e. 32 species as adults and 18 as metacercariae), mammals (33 species) and amphibians (25 species, i.e. 23 species as adults and 2 as metacercariae), with the least number of species reported from reptiles (12 species, i.e. 9 species as adults and 3 as metacercariae). Adult digeneans recorded together with another life-cycle stage (metacercariae and/or cercariae) comprised 28 species, i.e. for 15% of the total trematode species number, a part of their life-cycle is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Arabuli
- Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi,
GeorgiaInstitute of Zoology, Ilia State UniversityTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Lali Murvanidze
- Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi,
GeorgiaInstitute of Zoology, Ilia State UniversityTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Anna Faltynkova
- Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech
RepublicMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Levan Mumladze
- Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi,
GeorgiaInstitute of Zoology, Ilia State UniversityTbilisiGeorgia
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Alvi MA, Khalid A, Ali RMA, Saqib M, Qamar W, Li L, Ahmad B, Fu BQ, Yan HB, Jia WZ. Genetic variation and population structure of Fasciola hepatica: an in silico analysis. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2155-2173. [PMID: 37458821 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode leading to heavy economic setbacks to the livestock sector globally. The population's genetic information and intimate kinship level are frequently assessed using analysis of mitochondrial DNA. In this analysis, we retrieved cox1 (n = 247) and nad1 (n = 357) sequences of F. hepatica from the NCBI GenBank database and aligned the sequences with the respective reference sequences using MEGA software. The median joining network was drawn using PopArt software while neutrality and diversity indices were estimated with the help of DnaSp software. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed using the MEGA software package. A total of 46 and 98 distinctive haplotypes were observed for cox1 and nad1 genes, respectively. Diversity indices indicated high haplotype and nucleotide diversities in both genes. Positive Tajima's D and Fu's Fs values were found for the entire population of both the genes under study. The cox1 and nad1 gene segments in this study showed high Tajima's D values, suggesting a low likelihood of future population growth. The Tajima's D value of the nad1 gene sequence is lower (2.14910) than that of the cox1 gene sequence (3.40314), which suggests that the former is growing at a slower rate. However, the region-wise analysis revealed that both the cox1 and nad1 genes showed deviation from neutrality suggesting a recent population expansion as a result of an excess of low-frequency polymorphism. Furthermore, the overall host-wise analysis showed positive and significant Tajima's D values for the cox1 and nad1 gene sequences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to provide insights into genetic variations and population structure of F. hepatica at a global scale using cox1 and nad1 genes. Our findings suggest the existence of specific variants of F. hepatica in different parts of the world and provide information on the molecular ecology of F. hepatica. The results of this study also mark a critical development in upcoming epidemiological investigations on F. hepatica and will also contribute to understanding the global molecular epidemiology and population structure of F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mughees Aizaz Alvi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Khalid
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Athar Ali
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Warda Qamar
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Bao-Quan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Wan-Zhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Buddhachat K, Sriuan S, Nak-On S, Chontananarth T. Differentiating paramphistome species in cattle using DNA barcoding coupled with high-resolution melting analysis (Bar-HRM). Parasitol Res 2023; 122:769-779. [PMID: 36604333 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Paramphistomosis is caused by paramphistome or amphistome parasites, including Fischoederius elongatus, Gastrothylax crumenifer, Orthocoelium parvipapillatum, and Paramphistomum epiclitum. The control and prevention of these parasite outbreaks are difficult because of the wide occurrence of these species. Besides, the clinical manifestations and their egg characteristics are similar to those of other intestinal flukes in the paramphistome group, leading to misdiagnosis. Here, we employed DNA barcoding using NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone, alpha 1) (ND1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), coupled with high-resolution melting analysis (Bar-HRM), for species differentiation. As a result, ParND1_3 and ParCOI4 resulted in positive amplification in the paramphistomes and Fasciola gigantica, with significantly different melting curves for each species. The melting temperatures of each species obtained clearly differed. Regarding sensitivity, the limit of detection (LoD) for all species of paramphistomes was 1 pg/µl. Our findings suggest that Bar-HRM using ParND1_3 is highly suitable for the differentiation of paramphistome species. This approach can be used in parasite detection and epidemiological studies in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Buddhachat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.,Excellence Center in Veterinary Biosciences, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirikhwan Sriuan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Sirapat Nak-On
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand. .,Research and Innovation Unit for Diagnosis of Medical and Veterinary Important Parasites, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.
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Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Human and Animal Fascioliasis: Origins and Worldwide Evolving Scenario. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0008819. [PMID: 36468877 PMCID: PMC9769525 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00088-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a plant- and waterborne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by two trematode species: (i) Fasciola hepatica in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania and (ii) F. gigantica, which is restricted to Africa and Asia. Fasciolid liver flukes infect mainly herbivores as ruminants, equids, and camelids but also omnivore mammals as humans and swine and are transmitted by freshwater Lymnaeidae snail vectors. Two phases may be distinguished in fasciolid evolution. The long predomestication period includes the F. gigantica origin in east-southern Africa around the mid-Miocene, the F. hepatica origin in the Near-Middle East of Asia around the latest Miocene to Early Pliocene, and their subsequent local spread. The short postdomestication period includes the worldwide spread by human-guided movements of animals in the last 12,000 years and the more recent transoceanic anthropogenic introductions of F. hepatica into the Americas and Oceania and of F. gigantica into several large islands of the Pacific with ships transporting livestock in the last 500 years. The routes and chronology of the spreading waves followed by both fasciolids into the five continents are redefined on the basis of recently generated knowledge of human-guided movements of domesticated hosts. No local, zonal, or regional situation showing disagreement with historical records was found, although in a few world zones the available knowledge is still insufficient. The anthropogenically accelerated evolution of fasciolids allows us to call them "peridomestic endoparasites." The multidisciplinary implications for crucial aspects of the disease should therefore lead the present baseline update to be taken into account in future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Adela Valero
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Madrid, Spain
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Ichikawa-Seki M, Hayashi K, Tashiro M, Khadijah S. Dispersal direction of Malaysian Fasciola gigantica from neighboring southeast Asian countries inferred using mitochondrial DNA analysis. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 105:105373. [PMID: 36202207 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica and hybrid Fasciola flukes, responsible for the disease fasciolosis, are found in Southeast Asian countries. In the present study, we performed molecular species identification of Fasciola flukes distributed in Terengganu, Malaysia using multiplex PCR for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for DNA polymerase delta (pold). Simultaneously, phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) was performed for the first time on Malaysian Fasciola flukes to infer the dispersal direction among neighboring countries. A total of 40 flukes used in this study were identified as F. gigantica. Eight nad1 haplotypes were identified in the F. gigantica population of Terengganu. Median-joining network analysis revealed that the Malaysian population was related to those obtained from bordering countries such as Thailand and Indonesia. However, genetic differentiation was detected using population genetics analyses. Nevertheless, the nucleotide diversity (π) value suggested that F. gigantica with the predominant haplotypes was introduced into Malaysia from Thailand and Indonesia. The dispersal direction suggested by population genetics in the present study may not be fully reliable since Fasciola flukes were collected from a single location in one state of Malaysia. Further studies analyzing more samples from many locations are required to validate the dispersal direction proposed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Michiyo Tashiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - S Khadijah
- School of Food Science and Technology, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; GYST Parasitology Services, CSIRO Armidale, New England Highway, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Vudriko P, Echodu R, Tashiro M, Oka N, Hayashi K, Ichikawa-Seki M. Population structure, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola gigantica from two locations in Uganda. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 104:105359. [PMID: 36070805 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica is a major pathogen that causes fasciolosis in Africa. A recent study in Uganda demonstrated that Fasciola flukes were present in 65.7% of slaughtered cattle. However, molecular identification of Fasciola species has not yet been performed in the country. In the present study, 292 Fasciola flukes were collected from Kampala and Gulu, Uganda. The samples were identified as F. gigantica using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay for DNA polymerase delta (pold). A significant genetic difference between F. gigantica obtained from cattle slaughtered at Kampala and Gulu was observed by analyzing the mitochondrial markers NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). Fasciola collected from Gulu had a more diversified population than that collected from Kampala, probably because of differences in livestock management systems. One of the possible reasons for this observation is that cattle slaughtered in Gulu were reared under an extensive communal grazing system, which is suitable for maintaining parasite diversity, whereas cattle slaughtered in Kampala mainly originated from fenced/closed farms, which limits parasite diversity. However, the cause of the difference between these two locations was not clearly defined by the results of this study. The F. gigantica population from Uganda was related to that obtained from Zambia. A star-like phylogeny was detected in a median-joining network analysis, which indicated rapid population expansion and suggested that the F. gigantica populations from both countries are maintained by domestic ruminants in eastern Africa. Interestingly, the F. gigantica population from Uganda was not related to those from Egypt and Nigeria. The results of the present study suggest that F. gigantica populations in African countries are indigenous to each country or region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vudriko
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control (RTC), Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Echodu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Gulu University Multifunctional Research Laboratories, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Michiyo Tashiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Nozomi Oka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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New Insights Into the Genetic Variability of Fasciola Hepatica (Trematoda) in Algeria and Relationships with Other Geographic Regions Revealed By Mitochondrial DNA. Helminthologia 2022; 59:152-164. [PMID: 36118371 PMCID: PMC9444205 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the level of genetic variability of Fasciola hepatica flukes isolated from cattle in Algeria and to determine the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships with sequences isolated worldwide. Mitochondrial (Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I gene - COI) and nuclear markers (Internal Transcribed Spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA - ITS) for 24 F. hepatica flukes isolated from 12 cattle in North Algeria were characterised. Only two haplotypes were obtained for the COI gene, resulting in a low level of genetic variation. The analysis of variation among the COI sequences isolated from around the world did not show high levels of genetic divergence, and the phylogenetic analysis revealed a genetic similarity among F. hepatica isolates from different areas of the world. The analysis of the ITS region showed a low level of variability, which prevented obtaining informative phylogenetic and phylogeographic results. The present study also revealed that specimens of F. hepatica are genetically similar in different hosts, indicating that the genetic structure among populations of this parasite is not influenced by the host species. The low levels of genetic variation for COI and ITS regions among fluke isolates from all continents are consistent with a common origin for the flukes’ worldwide distribution.
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Molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of Fasciola hepatica from sheep in Xinjiang, China. J Vet Res 2022; 66:199-207. [PMID: 35892103 PMCID: PMC9281526 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fasciola hepatica is a trematode infecting ruminants worldwide and occasionally affecting other animal species, including humans. It causes significant economic losses. Geographic distribution and patterns of infection must be considered before control and management measures are developed for this parasite. DNA molecular markers are useful for the identification of flukes and elucidation of their genetic evolution. Therefore, the population structure of F. hepatica was studied using this method in sheep in Xinjiang, China. Material and Methods The molecular characteristics, genetic relationships within the population and dispersal patterns of F. hepatica isolates were analysed based on the cox1 and nad1 genes. The population structure of F. hepatica from three regions of Xinjiang was explored and a neutrality test was conducted. Results The cox1 and nad1 genes have 21 and 42 variable sites, respectively, which can be classified into 34 and 33 haplotypes. Median-joining network and phylogenetic tree analyses showed that there was no significant variation in F. hepatica isolates between the three geographical regions. Analysis of variance revealed that the genetic variation of F. hepatica was mainly present within the populations. The neutrality test indicated that the populations were relatively stable but the Hami population may have undergone short-term expansion. Conclusion This study revealed for the first time the molecular characteristics, genetic diversity and dispersal patterns of F. hepatica isolates from sheep in Xinjiang, thus providing new insights into the genetic variation and haplotype diversity of F. hepatica from indigenous sheep.
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Shumenko PG, Tatonova YV. Assessing the population structure of trematode Metagonimus suifunensis using three mitochondrial markers. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:915-923. [PMID: 35133488 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, the genetic variability of the Metagonimus suifunensis population in the Russian southern Far East was estimated based on the full-length sequences of the nad1 gene of mitochondrial DNA. In addition, for a sample of the same size, the sequences of cox1 and cytb genes, previously used for population studies for M. suifunensis, were reanalysed. Three markers were combined to a common sequence, and the obtained data were studied. Despite the higher level of variability, nad1 and cox1 mtDNA genes did not reveal subdivisions within the population. The combined dataset made it possible to determine that the sample from the Odyr River was the centre of the species' range formation and clarified the continental migration route of the parasite from south to north. According to the data obtained, it was presumed that piscivorous birds participate in the life cycle of the parasite. The subdivision within population revealed that using all three mitochondrial markers is consistent with the features of differentiation within populations of related species, but the reasons for its formation remain unclear due to the insufficient amount of data and the use of different markers in studies of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina G Shumenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100-letiya Street, 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Yulia V Tatonova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100-letiya Street, 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia. .,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Street, 8, Vladivostok, 690091, Russia.
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DNA Multi-Marker Genotyping and CIAS Morphometric Phenotyping of Fasciola gigantica-Sized Flukes from Ecuador, with an Analysis of the Radix Absence in the New World and the Evolutionary Lymnaeid Snail Vector Filter. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092495. [PMID: 34573461 PMCID: PMC8472080 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fasciolid flukes collected from sheep and cattle in Ecuador showed a high diversity in DNA sequences whose analyses indicated introductions from South America, European and North American countries. These results agree with the numerous livestock importations performed by Ecuador. Abnormally big-sized liver flukes were found in Ecuadorian sheep. The morphometric phenotypic CIAS study showed that its size maximum and mean very pronouncedly and significantly surpassed those of the Fasciola hepatica populations from South America and Spain and proved to be intermediate between standard F. hepatica and F. gigantica populations. Such a feature is only known in intermediate fasciolid forms in Old World areas where the two species and their specific lymnaeid snail vectors overlap. This argues about a past hybridization after F. gigantica importation from Pakistan and/or introduction of intermediate hybrids previously generated in USA. The lack of heterozygotic rDNA ITS positions differentiating the two species, and of introgressed fragments and heteroplasmic positions in mtDNA genes, indicate a post-hybridization period sufficiently long as for rDNA concerted evolution to complete homogenization and mtDNA to return to homoplasmy. The vector specificity filter due to Radix absence should act as a driving force in accelerating such lineage evolution. Public health implications are finally emphasized. Abstract Fascioliasis is a disease caused by Fasciola hepatica worldwide transmitted by lymnaeid snails mainly of the Galba/Fossaria group and F. gigantica restricted to parts of Africa and Asia and transmitted by Radix lymnaeids. Concern has recently risen regarding the high pathogenicity and human infection capacity of F. gigantica. Abnormally big-sized fasciolids were found infecting sheep in Ecuador, the only South American country where F. gigantica has been reported. Their phenotypic comparison with F. hepatica infecting sheep from Peru, Bolivia and Spain, and F. gigantica from Egypt and Vietnam demonstrated the Ecuadorian fasciolids to have size-linked parameters of F. gigantica. Genotyping of these big-sized fasciolids by rDNA ITS-2 and ITS-1 and mtDNA cox1 and nad1 and their comparison with other countries proved the big-sized fasciolids to belong to F. hepatica. Neither heterozygotic ITS position differentiated the two species, and no introgressed fragments and heteroplasmic positions in mtDNA were found. The haplotype diversity indicates introductions mainly from other South American countries, Europe and North America. Big-sized fasciolids from Ecuador and USA are considered to be consequences of F.gigantica introductions by past livestock importations. The vector specificity filter due to Radix absence should act as driving force in the evolution in such lineages.
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Beesley NJ, Attree E, Vázquez-Prieto S, Vilas R, Paniagua E, Ubeira FM, Jensen O, Pruzzo C, Álvarez JD, Malandrini JB, Solana H, Hodgkinson JE. Evidence of population structuring following population genetic analyses of Fasciola hepatica from Argentina. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:471-480. [PMID: 33581141 PMCID: PMC8113023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
320 Argentinian Fasciola hepatica were genotyped using a panel of microsatellites. Overall there was high genotypic richness: 263 distinct genotypes were identified. Population structuring of F. hepatica was evident across Argentina. Within these sub-populations there is largely random mating. Transmission of clonemates occurs: clonal parasites accounted for 26.6% of all parasites.
Fasciola hepatica, the liver fluke, is a trematode parasite that causes disease of economic importance in livestock. As a zoonosis this parasite also poses a risk to human health in areas where it is endemic. Population genetic studies can reveal the mechanisms responsible for genetic structuring (non-panmixia) within parasite populations and provide valuable insights into population dynamics, which in turn enables theoretical predictions of evolutionary dynamics such as the evolution of drug resistance. Here we genotyped 320 F. hepatica collected from 14 definitive hosts from four provinces in Argentina. STRUCTURE analysis indicated three population clusters, and principal coordinate analysis confirmed this, showing population clustering across provinces. Similarly, pairwise FST values amongst all four provinces were significant, with standardised pairwise FST (F′ST) ranging from 0.0754 to 0.6327. Therefore, population genetic structure was evident across these four provinces in Argentina. However, there was no evidence of deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, so it appears that within these sub-populations there is largely random mating. We identified 263 unique genotypes, which gave a clonal diversity of 82%. Parasites with identical genotypes, clones, accounted for 26.6% of the parasites studied and were found in 12 of the 14 hosts studied, suggesting some clonemate transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Beesley
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Attree
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Severo Vázquez-Prieto
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile; Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Román Vilas
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Esperanza Paniagua
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Análisis Químicos y Biológicos (IAQBUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Florencio M Ubeira
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Análisis Químicos y Biológicos (IAQBUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oscar Jensen
- Centro de Investigación en Zoonosis, Sarmiento, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Cesar Pruzzo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - José D Álvarez
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Jorge Bruno Malandrini
- Laboratorio de Anatomía y Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Hugo Solana
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Jane E Hodgkinson
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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12
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Rehman ZU, Tashibu A, Tashiro M, Rashid I, Ali Q, Zahid O, Ashraf K, Shehzad W, Chaudhry U, Ichikawa-Seki M. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of Fasciola gigantica of buffaloes and goats in Punjab, Pakistan. Parasitol Int 2021; 82:102288. [PMID: 33515742 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica is considered to be a major pathogen causing fasciolosis in the Indian subcontinent, resulting in production losses of millions of dollars in the livestock industry. Understading the dispersal origin and the patterns of spread of F. gigantica is important. A total of 53 Fasciola flukes collected from buffaloes and goats in Punjab, Pakistan between 2017 and 2018 were identified as F. gigantica based on the multiplex PCR for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for DNA polymerase delta (pold). A significant genetic difference between F. gigantica from buffaloes and goats was indicated by the genetic analyses of mitochondrial markers, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). Phylogenetic analysis of the seventeen nad1 haplotypes of F. gigantica from Pakistan with those in neighbouring countries of the Indian subcontinent revealed that all the haplotypes identified in Pakistan were clustered in haplogroup A. fasciola gigantica with the eight haplotypes might be expanded in Pakistan from Indian origin, along with the migration of the domestic animals, since they were related to Indian haplotypes. In contrast, the remaining nine haplotypes were not shared with any neighbouring countries, suggesting independent origin, probably from neighbouring Middle East countries. However, cautious interpretation is required due to the very limited samples size of this study. Our study provides a proof of concept for a method that could be used to investigate the epidemiology of F. gigantica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan
| | - Atsushi Tashibu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Michiyo Tashiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan.
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Parasitology, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtoon Khah, Pakistan
| | - Osama Zahid
- Department of Parasitology, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtoon Khah, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Shehzad
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan
| | - Umer Chaudhry
- University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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13
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Asadpour M, Sharifiyazdi H, Moazeni M, Malekpour SH. Molecular Characterization of Fasciola spp. from a Donkey ( Equus asinus) Using Partial Sequencing of cox1 and nad1. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 15:549-558. [PMID: 33884012 PMCID: PMC8039476 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v15i4.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Fasciola hepatica as an important parasite affects health of humans and animals in some tropical and subtropical areas of the world, including Iran. Little is known about the molecular diversity of Fasciola in Equidae. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the genetic polymorphisms among parasites. Methods Eight adult Fasciola spp. isolates were collected from a working donkey after necropsy in Shiraz, southwestern Iran, in 2018. Primarily, various parameters were measured morphologically. Subsequently, DNA was extracted from each fluke and molecular markers of cytochrome C oxidase (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1(nad1) from individual Fasciola isolates were amplified using PCR assay and sequence data were employed for molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Genetic diversity between isolates was evaluated by comparing the sequences of these two mitochondrial regions. Results Based on the morphological and analyzed mitochondrial sequences, all of eight donkey isolates (100%) were identified as F. hepatica. Moreover, nine and five nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the cox1and nad1 region sequences, respectively. Conclusion Accordingly, phylogenetic data revealed five and four haplotypes among donkey isolates based on the cox1and nad1 markers. Similarly, some of these haplotypes have been previously reported from different host species in Iran as well as all around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asadpour
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moazeni
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Repkin EA, Maltseva AL, Varfolomeeva MA, Aianka RV, Mikhailova NA, Granovitch AI. Genetic and morphological variation of metacercariae of Microphallus piriformes (Trematoda, Microphallidae): Effects of paraxenia and geographic location. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 11:235-245. [PMID: 32195109 PMCID: PMC7078125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Host organism offers an environment for a parasite, and this environment is heterogenous within the host, variable among individual as well as between the hosts, and changing during the host's lifetime. This heterogeneity may act as a prerequisite for parasite species divergence. Intraspecific variability related to a certain type of heterogeneity may indicate an initial stage of speciation, and thus poses an evolutionary importance. Here we analyzed genetic and morphologic variation of trematode metacercariae of Microphallus piriformes (Trematoda, Microphallidae). Genetic variability of trematodes was assessed from sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1). Morphological variation of metacercarial body shape was for the first time analyzed using geometric morphometrics. Parasites from the White Sea and the Barents Sea coasts demonstrated partial genetic divergence (according to COI sequence analysis) and had significantly different body shape. Neither genetic nor morphological variation of metacercariae was related to intermediate host species. We discuss possible causes of the observed genetic divergence of parasite populations in different geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor A. Repkin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Universitetskaya 7/9A, 199034, Russia
| | - Arina L. Maltseva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Universitetskaya 7/9A, 199034, Russia
| | - Marina A. Varfolomeeva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Universitetskaya 7/9A, 199034, Russia
| | - Roman V. Aianka
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Universitetskaya 7/9A, 199034, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Mikhailova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Universitetskaya 7/9A, 199034, Russia
- Centre of Cell Technologies, Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei I. Granovitch
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Universitetskaya 7/9A, 199034, Russia
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15
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Abstract
The worldwide occurring common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica can infect humans and animals and leads to considerable illness and economic loss annually. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of F. hepatica in Austria. In total, 31 adult flukes isolated from cattle from various regions in Austria were investigated for their cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene sequences. It was shown that Austrian isolates of F. hepatica reveal extensive genetic diversity. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data on the diversity of F. hepatica in Austria.
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16
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Fasciola hepatica in Brazil: genetic diversity provides insights into its origin and geographic dispersion. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e83. [PMID: 31495340 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite that affects mammals, including humans. In Brazil, fascioliasis, a disease caused by the parasite, is of great importance. The disorder affects the welfare of the Brazilian population through impairing the agricultural production of cattle, where the disease causes weight loss as a result of liver damage. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of F. hepatica throughout Southern Brazil to determine its geographic origin and estimate the colonization route of the parasite. To accomplish these aims, flukes were collected from slaughterhouses in three endemic areas of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná states. DNA was isolated using the phenol-chloroform protocol from single flukes and two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (Nad1), were amplified and sequenced. Ten haplotypes of COI were found from 75 isolated parasites and the total haplotype and nucleotide diversity observed were 0.475 and 0.002, respectively. Using the Nad1 gene, we found 24 haplotypes from 79 samples, resulting in haplotype and nucleotide diversity values of 0.756 and 0.004, respectively. An analysis of molecular variance showed that 57.4% and 77.5% of variation was within populations (FST), while 9.0 and 36.8% of variation was among groups (FCT) when considering COI and Nad1 genes, respectively. For COI, the fixation index values of 0.425 and 0.368 were obtained for FST and FCT, respectively, while analysis of Nad1 0.225 and 0.089 index values were obtained for FST and FCT, respectively. We have determined that F. hepatica found in the two distinct areas originated from several geographical regions, since we found haplotypes that were shared with at least three different continents. These data are in accordance with the recent colonization of Brazil, and the recent import of cattle from South American, European and, possibly, some African countries. The observed FST and FCT values for COI and Nad1 genes of F. hepatica may be a result of limited movement of animals within states and support the lack of geographical structure of the parasite in Brazil, which are in agreement with the observed cattle production systems in this region.
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17
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Howell AK, Malalana F, Beesley NJ, Hodgkinson JE, Rhodes H, Sekiya M, Archer D, Clough HE, Gilmore P, Williams DJL. Fasciola hepatica in UK horses. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:194-199. [PMID: 31254486 PMCID: PMC7027485 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) affects grazing animals including horses but the extent to which it affects UK horses is unknown. Objectives To define how liver fluke affects the UK horse population. Study design Descriptive, cross‐sectional, observational study. Methods An F. hepatica excretory‐secretory antibody detection ELISA with a diagnostic sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 97% was validated and used to analyse serum samples. An abattoir study was performed to determine prevalence. A case‐control study of 269 horses compared fluke exposure between horses with liver disease and controls. Data on clinical signs and blood test results were collected for sero‐positive horses. Genotyping of adult fluke was used to produce a multilocus genotype for each parasite. Results Four (2.2%) of 183 horses registered in the UK, sampled in the abattoir, had adult flukes in the liver, and the sero‐prevalence of F. hepatica was estimated as 8.7%. In the case‐control study, horses showing signs consistent with liver disease had significantly higher odds of testing positive for F. hepatica on ELISA than control horses. In 23 sero‐positive horses, a range of non‐specific clinical signs and blood test abnormalities was reported, with a third of the horses showing no signs. Genotypic analysis of liver flukes from horses provided evidence that these came from the same population as flukes from sheep and cattle. Main limitations Bias could have arisen in the prevalence and case‐control studies due to convenience sampling methods, in particular the geographic origin of the horses. Only a small number of horses tested positive so the data on clinical signs are limited. Conclusions Exposure to liver fluke occurs frequently in horses and may be an under‐recognised cause of liver disease. Flukes isolated from horses are from the same population as those found in ruminants. When designing and implementing parasite control plans, fluke should be considered, and horses should be tested if appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Howell
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Malalana
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N J Beesley
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J E Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - H Rhodes
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Sekiya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Archer
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - H E Clough
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Gilmore
- Liverpool Veterinary Parasitology Diagnostics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D J L Williams
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Chikowore TJ, Zishiri OT, Mukaratirwa S. Phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola spp. isolated from slaughtered cattle in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial marker. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2019; 86:e1-e11. [PMID: 31291732 PMCID: PMC6620549 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola spp. are the causative agents of fascioliasis in humans and livestock. Before the development of control and management measures, the geographical distribution of the species and patterns of infection must be considered. Because of difficulties in the phenotypic differentiation and morphometric classification of Fasciola spp., DNA molecular markers have become more useful for fluke differentiation and description of phylogenetic patterns. This study aimed to differentiate and describe the phylogenetic background of Fasciola spp. isolated from cattle slaughtered at three abattoirs in the Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa. The cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) - FHCO1 (forward: 5'-TTGGTTTTTTGGGCATCCT-3') and FHCO1 (reverse: 5' -AGGCCACCACCAAATAAAAGA3') - marker was sequenced from 55 Fasciola flukes that were collected from abattoirs in catchment areas of the KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces. Fasciola hepatica was demonstrated to have 100% prevalence in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga (highveld), respectively, and 76% prevalence in the lowveld (Belfast area) of Mpumalanga. Two animals from the Belfast metapopulation were co-infected with both Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica. DNA sequence analysis of all the isolates demonstrated a sequence conservation of 0.472, nucleotide diversity of 0.082 and Tajima's D of -1.100; however, it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Twenty-two haplotypes were identified, with 18 novel haplotypes being unique to the isolates from South Africa. Within the study samples, 12 haplotypes were isolated to a few individuals, with a haplotype diversity of 0.8957 indicating high genetic diversity. Principal coordinate analysis supported the clustering and distribution of the haplotypes, with 11.38% of the variation being attributed to coordinate 2 and 55.52% to coordinate 1. The distribution of Fasciola spp. has been demonstrated to be related to the distribution of the freshwater intermediate host snails, Lymnaea spp., as well as the relative altitude of the localities in South Africa. Information provided by this study serves as preliminary evidence for further studies on the mapping of the distribution of F. gigantica and F. hepatica in South Africa, which is key in designing control programmes for fascioliasis in humans and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatenda J Chikowore
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
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19
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Aghayan S, Gevorgian H, Ebi D, Atoyan HA, Addy F, Mackenstedt U, Romig T, Wassermann M. Fasciola spp. in Armenia: Genetic diversity in a global context. Vet Parasitol 2019; 268:21-31. [PMID: 30981302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis, a food- and waterborne infection caused by the trematodes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, is recognized by WHO as a neglected zoonotic disease. Whereas F. hepatica is distributed worldwide in cooler climates, F. gigantica occurs mainly in the tropics of Africa and Asia. The southern Caucasus, with Armenia, is one of the most northern regions where both species occur and may produce hybrids. In this study, livestock in central Armenia was surveyed for fasciolosis, the causative species were determined and the genetic diversity of both species was estimated. Total prevalence in sheep (1794), cattle (324) and goats (9) was 21.2%, 15.7% and 44.4%, respectively. After morphological identification and sequencing of a mitochondrial (nad1) and a nuclear marker gene (28S rRNA), 62 collected specimens were allocated to F. hepatica (n = 55) and F. gigantica (n = 7). Intraspecific diversity was evaluated for the complete nad1 gene, resulting in 29 haplotypes of F. hepatica and six haplotypes of F. gigantica. Diversity was higher among F. gigantica than F. hepatica in the Armenian sample set, a difference that was confirmed analyzing available sequences for both species worldwide. Maximum genetic distance between haplotypes in global networks was 49 nucleotide steps for F. gigantica compared to 15 for F. hepatica. In the available sample sets, F. hepatica showed higher diversity in western Asia and the Middle East compared to Europe and eastern Asia, while for F. gigantica loosely structured clusters comprising mainly western/southern Asian and African haplotypes could be identified. A distinct clade comprising haplotypes from Zambia was basal in the phylogenetic tree. Biogeographical implications of these data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargis Aghayan
- Chair of Zoology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hasmik Gevorgian
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia; National Institute of Health, Moh Ra, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Dennis Ebi
- Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Francis Addy
- Department of Biotechnology, University for Development Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Ute Mackenstedt
- Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Romig
- Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marion Wassermann
- Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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20
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Sabourin E, Alda P, Vázquez A, Hurtrez-Boussès S, Vittecoq M. Impact of Human Activities on Fasciolosis Transmission. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:891-903. [PMID: 30195634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a worldwide disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola spp. This food- and water-borne disease is a major public health and veterinary issue. It is currently (re)emerging in several regions mainly due to the rapid evolution of human activities. This article reviews the current knowledge of the impact of irrigation-system management, livestock management, and human diet and hygiene habits on the emergence of fasciolosis. We also identify the gaps in this knowledge and the possible solutions for limiting these impacts. Integrated control seems to be the most effective solution for controlling fasciolosis, because it enables monitoring, prevention, and rapid action in case of the (re)emergence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Sabourin
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pilar Alda
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Antonio Vázquez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie-Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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21
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Voronova A, Chelomina GN. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relations of salmon trematode Nanophyetus japonensis. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:267-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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22
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Comparative genomics and phylogenomics of Trichostrongyloidea mitochondria reveal insights for molecular diagnosis and evolutionary biology of nematode worms. GENE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Sarkari B, Parhoode M, Abdolahi Khabisi S, Shafiei R, Mohammadi-ghalehbin B. Genetic diversity of Fasciola spp. isolates from northern part of Iran: comparison with southwestern isolates. J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:768-772. [PMID: 28848276 PMCID: PMC5555931 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and human fascioliasis is a health and economic problem in few of tropical and subtropical areas of the world, including Iran. The present study aimed to determine the genotype diversity of Fasciola isolates in different hosts from Gilan province, northern Iran, and compare it with those isolates from southwestern Iran. Forty-eight adult Fasciola spp. were collected from cattle, sheep, and goats from slaughterhouse in Talesh, north of Iran. DNA was extracted from each fluke and PCR-RFLP was used to find out the species of the isolates. The ribosomal ITS1 and ITS2, and mitochondrial genes of NDI and COI from individual Fasciola isolates of each host were PCR-amplified and the PCR products were sequenced. Genetic variation within and between the isolates was evaluated by comparing the sequences of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes. For analysis of phylogenetic diversity of the flukes, phylogenetic trees were constructed, using ITS1, ITS2, NDI, and COI sequences of the isolates. Based on PCR-RFLP profile, 5 (22.7%) of the total of sheep isolates and 18 (90%) of cattle isolates were identified as F. gigantica and other remaining samples from sheep, cattle and goats were identified as F. hepatica. Based on ITS1 and ITS2 sequences, six and seven nucleotide polymorphism were respectively noted in the isolates. On the other hand, CO1 region sequences showed considerable variation, which laid Talesh (north) isolates in a separate cluster. Findings of the study showed that the sequences of CO1 isolates from north and southwest have substantial differences mainly in CO1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Sarkari
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Parhoode
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Abdolahi Khabisi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - R. Shafiei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - B. Mohammadi-ghalehbin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Carnevale S, Malandrini JB, Pantano ML, Soria CC, Rodrigues-Silva R, Machado-Silva JR, Velásquez JN, Kamenetzky L. First genetic characterization of Fasciola hepatica in Argentina by nuclear and mitochondrial gene markers. Vet Parasitol 2017; 245:34-38. [PMID: 28969834 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode showing genetic variation among isolates from different regions of the world. The objective of this work was to characterize for the first time F. hepatica isolates circulating in different regions of Argentina. Twenty-two adult flukes were collected from naturally infected bovine livers in different areas from Argentina and used for DNA extraction. We carried out PCR amplification and sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunits 4 and 5 (nad4 and nad5) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) genes as genetic markers. Phylogenies were reconstructed using maximum parsimony algorithm. A total of 6 haplotypes were found for cox1, 4 haplotypes for nad4 and 3 haplotypes for nad5. The sequenced ITS1 fragment was identical in all samples. The analyzed cox1 gene fragment is the most variable marker and is recommended for future analyses. No geographic association was found in the Argentinean samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Carnevale
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 563, CP 1281 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jorge Bruno Malandrini
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Maestro Quiroga 1ra, Cuadra, CP 4700 San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - María Laura Pantano
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 563, CP 1281 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cecilia Soria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Maestro Quiroga 1ra, Cuadra, CP 4700 San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Rosângela Rodrigues-Silva
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Machado-Silva
- Laboratório de Helmintologia Romero Lascasas Porto, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu, 444, Edifício Piquet Carneiro, quinto andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550170, Brazil
| | - Jorge Néstor Velásquez
- Hospital Municipal de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz", Uspallata 2272, CP 1282 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamenetzky
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155 piso 13, CP 1121 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Beesley NJ, Williams DJL, Paterson S, Hodgkinson J. Fasciola hepatica demonstrates high levels of genetic diversity, a lack of population structure and high gene flow: possible implications for drug resistance. Int J Parasitol 2016; 47:11-20. [PMID: 27940066 PMCID: PMC5264428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-fertilisation does occur but is rare in field populations of Fasciola hepatica. Some hosts harboured genotypically identical parasites (clones). The presence of clones is consistent with clonal expansion and clumped transmission. 84% of 1579 F. hepatica had unique genotypes, indicating high genetic diversity. We found high gene flow, no population structure and low self-fertilisation rate.
Fasciola hepatica, the liver fluke, is a trematode parasite of considerable economic importance to the livestock industry and is a re-emerging zoonosis that poses a risk to human health in F. hepatica-endemic areas worldwide. Drug resistance is a substantial threat to the current and future control of F. hepatica, yet little is known about how the biology of the parasite influences the development and spread of resistance. Given that F. hepatica can self-fertilise and therefore inbreed, there is the potential for greater population differentiation and an increased likelihood of recessive alleles, such as drug resistance genes, coming together. This could be compounded by clonal expansion within the snail intermediate host and aggregation of parasites of the same genotype on pasture. Alternatively, widespread movement of animals that typically occurs in the UK could promote high levels of gene flow and prevent population differentiation. We identified clonal parasites with identical multilocus genotypes in 61% of hosts. Despite this, 84% of 1579 adult parasites had unique multilocus genotypes, which supports high levels of genotypic diversity within F. hepatica populations. Our analyses indicate a selfing rate no greater than 2%, suggesting that this diversity is in part due to the propensity for F. hepatica to cross-fertilise. Finally, although we identified high genetic diversity within a given host, there was little evidence for differentiation between populations from different hosts, indicating a single panmictic population. This implies that, once those emerge, anthelmintic resistance genes have the potential to spread rapidly through liver fluke populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Beesley
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
| | - Diana J L Williams
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
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Amer S, ElKhatam A, Zidan S, Feng Y, Xiao L. Identity of Fasciola spp. in sheep in Egypt. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:623. [PMID: 27906040 PMCID: PMC5134227 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Egypt, liver flukes, Fasciola spp. (Digenea: Fasciolidae), have a serious impact on the farming industry and public health. Both Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are known to occur in cattle, providing the opportunity for genetic recombination. Little is known on the identity and genetic variability of Fasciola populations in sheep. Methods This study was performed to determine the prevalence of liver flukes in sheep in Menofia Province as a representative area of the delta region in Egypt, as measured by postmortem examination of slaughtered animals at three abattoirs. The identity and genetic variability of Fasciola spp. in slaughtered animals were determined by PCR-sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. Results Physical inspection of the liver indicated that 302 of 2058 (14.7%) slaughtered sheep were infected with Fasciola spp. Sequence analysis of the ITS1 and nad1 genes of liver flukes from 17 animals revealed that 11 animals were infected with F. hepatica, four with F. gigantica, and two with both species. Seventy eight of 103 flukes genetically characterized from these animals were F. hepatica, 23 were F. gigantica, and two had ITS1 sequences identical to F. hepatica but nad1 sequences identical to F. gigantica. nad1 sequences of Egyptian isolates of F. gigantica showed pronounced differences from those in the GenBank database. Egyptian F. gigantica haplotypes formed haplogroup D, which clustered in a sister clade with haplogroups A, B and C circulating in Asia, indicating the existence of geographic isolation in the species. Conclusions Both F. hepatica and F. gigantica are prevalent in sheep in Egypt and an introgressed form of the two occurs as the result of genetic recombination. In addition, a geographically isolated F. gigantica population is present in the country. The importance of these observations in epidemiology of fascioliasis needs to be examined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Amer
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr El sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed ElKhatam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Shereif Zidan
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ma J, He JJ, Liu GH, Leontovyč R, Kašný M, Zhu XQ. Complete mitochondrial genome of the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna (Digenea: Fasciolidae) and its comparison with selected trematodes. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:429. [PMID: 27492461 PMCID: PMC4973546 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Representatives of the trematode family Fasciolidae are responsible for major socio-economic losses worldwide. Fascioloides magna is an important pathogenic liver fluke of wild and domestic ungulates. To date, only a limited number of studies concerning the molecular biology of F. magna exist. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of F. magna, and assess the phylogenetic relationships of this fluke with other trematodes based on the mtDNA dataset. Findings The complete F. magna mt genome sequence is 14,047 bp. The gene content and arrangement of the F. magna mt genome is similar to those of Fasciola spp., except that trnE is located between trnG and the only non-coding region in F. magna mt genome. Phylogenetic relationships of F. magna with selected trematodes using Bayesian inference (BI) was reconstructed based on the concatenated amino acid sequences for 12 protein-coding genes, which confirmed that the genus Fascioloides is closely related to the genus Fasciola; the intergeneric differences of amino acid composition between the genera Fascioloides and Fasciola ranged 17.97–18.24 %. Conclusions The determination of F. magna mt genome sequence provides a valuable resource for further investigations of the phylogeny of the family Fasciolidae and other trematodes, and represents a useful platform for designing appropriate molecular markers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1699-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, PR China
| | - Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China
| | - Roman Leontovyč
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kašný
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech Republic. .,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, PR China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, PR China.
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Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the liver amphistome Explanatum explanatum (Creplin, 1847) Fukui, 1929 in ruminants from Bangladesh and Nepal based on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and mitochondrial nad1 sequences. J Helminthol 2016; 91:497-503. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x16000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExplanatum explanatum flukes, liver amphistomes of ruminants, cause significant economic loss in the livestock industry by inducing severe liver damage. A total of 66 flukes from 26 buffaloes and 7 cattle in four different geographic areas of Bangladesh and 20 flukes from 10 buffaloes in the Chitwan district of Nepal were subjected for analysis. The sequences (442 bp) of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA and the variable fragments (657 bp) of mitochondrial nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) of E. explanatum flukes from Bangladesh and Nepal were analysed. The aim of this study was molecular characterization of the flukes and to elucidate their origin and biogeography. In the ITS2 region, two genotypes were detected among the flukes from Bangladesh, while flukes from Nepal were of only one genotype. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the nad1 gene revealed that at least four divergent populations (groups I–IV) are distributed in Bangladesh, whereas two divergent populations were found to be distributed in Nepal. Fst values (pairwise fixation index) suggest that Bangladeshi and Nepalese populations of group I to IV are significantly different from each other; but within groups III and IV, the populations from Bangladesh and Nepal were genetically close. This divergence in the nad1 gene indicates that each lineage of E. explanatum from diverse geography was co-adapted during the multiple domestication events of ruminants. This study, for the first time, provides molecular characterization of E. explanatum in Bangladesh and Nepal, and may provide useful information for elucidating its origin and dispersal route in Asia.
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Zintl A, Talavera S, Sacchi-Nestor C, Ryan M, Chryssafidis A, Mulcahy G. Comparison of Fasciola hepatica genotypes in relation to their ability to establish patent infections in the final host. Vet Parasitol 2015; 210:145-50. [PMID: 25936437 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a common and economically important parasite of sheep and cattle. Although its marked genetic heterogeneity is well recognised, an association between haplotypes and specific phenotypic traits has yet to be identified. Using experimental infections in cattle this study investigated whether a fragment of mitochondrial DNA (coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit III, transfer RNA histidine and cytochrome b) and 3 nuclear microsatellite loci (Fh15, Fh23 and Fh25) could be used as markers for the parasite's ability to complete its tissue migration and establish in the liver of the final host. While we did not detect any shift in the frequency of the various genotypes in the population of metacercariae used for the infection on the one hand and the flukes collected from the liver on the other, there was an indication that parasites with heterozygous microsatellite alleles may have a selective advantage over homozygote parasites during their migration in the final host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annetta Zintl
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Talavera
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Marion Ryan
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Grace Mulcahy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Molecular phylogenetic identification of Fasciola flukes in Nepal. Parasitol Int 2014; 63:758-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Martínez-Valladares M, Rojo-Vázquez FA. Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation of Fasciola hepatica eggs from sheep with different level of anthelmintic resistance. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:2733-41. [PMID: 24832814 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, Fasciola hepatica strains of sheep with different degrees of resistance to anthelmintics were analyzed by sequencing the cytochrome C oxidase (COX1) and the NADH dehydrogenase (NAD1) subunits. The strains were as follows: LS, susceptible to all drugs tested; CS, resistant to albendazole and triclabendazole; and SV, resistant to albendazole and clorsulon. The molecular characterization was done in eggs recovered from sheep infected by LS and CS. In relation to SV, eggs were recovered before (SV0) and after a treatment with albendazole (SVA) and clorsulon (SVC). Nested PCRs were carried out to amplify a fragment of 798 bp of the COX1 subunit and 870 bp of the NAD1 subunit. The pairwise sequence identity between eggs was analyzed for each strain. Population diversity indices, neutrality indices, and the degree of gene flow among the strains were evaluated. As a result, we have shown that there was homogeneity in the demographic expansion of the studied strains, and, according to the pairwise fixation index, these were not genetically differentiated. Although we found that the resistant strains had lower pairwise percentage similarities, higher haplotype diversity, and higher frequencies of specific SNPs, especially in the COX1 subunit, these differences were not very significant. Therefore, we conclude that the presence of adult flukes resistant to anthelmintics does not result in significant higher genetic diversity in the mtDNA of their eggs.
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Elliott T, Muller A, Brockwell Y, Murphy N, Grillo V, Toet HM, Anderson G, Sangster N, Spithill TW. Evidence for high genetic diversity of NAD1 and COX1 mitochondrial haplotypes among triclabendazole resistant and susceptible populations and field isolates of Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) in Australia. Vet Parasitol 2013; 200:90-6. [PMID: 24360656 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the global incidence of Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) infections exhibiting resistance to triclabendazole (TCBZ) has increased, resulting in increased economic losses for livestock producers and threatening future control. The development of TCBZ resistance and the worldwide discovery of F. hepatica population diversity has emphasized the need to further understand the genetic structure of drug susceptible and resistant Fasciola populations within Australia. In this study, the genetic diversity of liver flukes was estimated by sequencing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoding the NAD1 (530 bp) and COX1 (420 bp) genes of 208 liver flukes (F. hepatica) collected from three populations: field isolates obtained from abattoirs from New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria (Vic); three TCBZ-resistant fluke populations from NSW and Victoria; and the well-established TCBZ-susceptible Sunny Corner laboratory isolate. Overall nucleotide diversity for all flukes analysed of 0.00516 and 0.00336 was estimated for the NAD1 and COX1 genes respectively. Eighteen distinct haplotypes were established for the NAD1 gene and six haplotypes for the COX1 gene, resulting in haplotype diversity levels of 0.832 and 0.482, respectively. One field isolate showed a similar low level of haplotype diversity as seen in the Sunny Corner laboratory isolate. Analysis of TCBZ-resistant infrapopulations from 3 individual cattle grazing one property revealed considerable sequence parasite diversity between cattle. Analysis of parasite TCBZ-resistant infrapopulations from sheep and cattle revealed haplotypes unique to each host, but no significant difference between parasite populations. Fst analysis of fluke populations revealed little differentiation between the resistant and field populations. This study has revealed a high level of diversity in field and drug resistant flukes in South-Eastern Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Elliott
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - A Muller
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Y Brockwell
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - N Murphy
- Department of Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - V Grillo
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia; Australian Wildlife Health Network, Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H M Toet
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - G Anderson
- Virbac (Australia) Pty Ltd., Australia, Milperra, NSW, Australia
| | - N Sangster
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - T W Spithill
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
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Farjallah S, Ben Slimane B, Piras CM, Amor N, Garippa G, Merella P. Molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica from Sardinia based on sequence analysis of genomic and mitochondrial gene markers. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:471-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Identification of putative markers of triclabendazole resistance by a genome-wide analysis of genetically recombinant Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 2013; 140:1523-33. [PMID: 23721579 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite years of investigation into triclabendazole (TCBZ) resistance in Fasciola hepatica, the genetic mechanisms responsible remain unknown. Extensive analysis of multiple triclabendazole-susceptible and -resistant isolates using a combination of experimental in vivo and in vitro approaches has been carried out, yet few, if any, genes have been demonstrated experimentally to be associated with resistance phenotypes in the field. In this review we summarize the current understanding of TCBZ resistance from the approaches employed to date. We report the current genomic and genetic resources for F. hepatica that are available to facilitate novel functional genomics and genetic experiments for this parasite in the future. Finally, we describe our own non-biased approach to mapping the major genetic loci involved in conferring TCBZ resistance in F. hepatica.
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Brusentsov II, Katokhin AV, Brusentsova IV, Shekhovtsov SV, Borovikov SN, Goncharenko GG, Lider LA, Romashov BV, Rusinek OT, Shibitov SK, Suleymanov MM, Yevtushenko AV, Mordvinov VA. Low genetic diversity in wide-spread Eurasian liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus suggests special demographic history of this trematode species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62453. [PMID: 23634228 PMCID: PMC3636034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchis felineus or Siberian liver fluke is a trematode parasite (Opisthorchiidae) that infects the hepato-biliary system of humans and other mammals. Despite its public health significance, this wide-spread Eurasian species is one of the most poorly studied human liver flukes and nothing is known about its population genetic structure and demographic history. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap for the first time and to explore the genetic diversity in O. felineus populations from Eastern Europe (Ukraine, European part of Russia), Northern Asia (Siberia) and Central Asia (Northern Kazakhstan). Analysis of marker DNA fragments from O. felineus mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3 (cox1, cox3) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences revealed that genetic diversity is very low across the large geographic range of this species. Microevolutionary processes in populations of trematodes may well be influenced by their peculiar biology. Nevertheless, we suggest that lack of population genetics structure observed in O. felineus can be primarily explained by the Pleistocene glacial events and subsequent sudden population growth from a very limited group of founders. Rapid range expansion of O. felineus through Asian and European territories after severe bottleneck points to a high dispersal potential of this trematode species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja I. Brusentsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Katokhin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina V. Brusentsova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Shekhovtsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Borovikov
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | | | - Lyudmila A. Lider
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Boris V. Romashov
- Scientific Department, Voronezh State Biosphere Reserve, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Olga T. Rusinek
- Department of Parasitology, The Baikal Museum at the Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Listvyanka, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Samat K. Shibitov
- Department of Epizootological Problems, All-Russian K.I. Skryabin Institute of Helminthology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat M. Suleymanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Yevtushenko
- Department of Parasitology Ichthyopathology and Arachnology, National Scientific Center “Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine”, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Raina OK, Jacob SS, Sankar M, Bhattacharya D, Bandyopadyay S, Varghese A, Chamuah JK, Lalrinkima H. Genetic characterization of Fasciola gigantica from different geographical regions of India by ribosomal DNA markers. J Parasit Dis 2013; 39:27-32. [PMID: 25698855 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal DNA sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) and 28S ribosomal DNA (618 bp) of Fasciola gigantica collected from cattle and buffaloes from four different geographical locations of India, were characterized for genotyping. ITS-2 sequence was analyzed in 28 worms that was typical of F. gigantica and differed at six positions, with one of these being a distinguishing deletion (T) at the 327th position in F. gigantica relative to F. hepatica. However, Fasciola specimens also showed intraspecies sequence polymorphism in the ITS-2, with two different ITS-2 sequences existing in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) array within a single Fasciola worm. One of the sequences was identical to that of F. gigantica and the other showed extensive sequence polymorphism in the ITS-2. Using BspH1-restriction fragment length polymorphism, six variable ITS-2 sequences in F. gigantica were identified within these parasite specimens and were found distributed in these four geographical regions. 28S rDNA sequence of 24 flukes, collected from the above four geographical regions, showed a single nucleotide polymorphism at 284th nucleotide (G/A). Analyzing the sequence data of 28S rDNA of F. gigantica available from some African and Asian countries for this polymorphic 284th nucleotide position, it is proposed that there are two basic lineages of the F. gigantica for 28S rDNA existing in the fluke populations from five African and several Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K Raina
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Siju Susan Jacob
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - M Sankar
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh India
| | - S Bandyopadyay
- Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anju Varghese
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat India
| | | | - H Lalrinkima
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Griffin MJ, Khoo LH, Quiniou SM, O'Hear MM, Pote LM, Greenway TE, Wise DJ. Genetic Sequence Data Identifies the Cercaria of Drepanocephalus spathans (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), A Parasite of the Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), with Notes on its Pathology in Juvenile Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J Parasitol 2012; 98:967-72. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-3039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Chaichanasak P, Ichikawa M, Sobhon P, Itagaki T. Identification of Fasciola flukes in Thailand based on their spermatogenesis and nuclear ribosomal DNA, and their intraspecific relationships based on mitochondrial DNA. Parasitol Int 2012; 61:545-9. [PMID: 22575172 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 147 Fasciola flukes obtained from cattle in Thailand based on their spermatogenetic ability, and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and mitochondrial nicotiamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) genes as molecular markers. One hundred twenty-eight flukes, which had abundant sperm in their seminal vesicles (spermic) and showed the PCR-RFLP pattern of F. gigantica in the ITS1, were accurately identified as F. gigantica. The other 19 flukes that had no sperm in their seminal vesicles were aspermic Fasciola sp. with the RFLP patterns identical to that of F. gigantica. Twenty-nine ND1 haplotypes (Fg-ND1-Thai 2-30) were distinguished in the 128 F. gigantica flukes and were divided into haplotypes unique to Thailand and those common to other countries, suggesting the possibility that ancestral haplotypes were introduced into Thailand. Three haplotypes (Fg-ND1-Thai 7, 9 and 27) appeared to be the major haplotypes found in F. gigantica from Thailand. Only one haplotype (Fg-ND1-Thai 1) was found in the 19 aspermic Fasciola sp. flukes obtained from geographical regions, and the nucleotide sequence of Fg-ND1-Thai 1 was identical to that of the aspermic Fasciola sp. from Japan, Korea, China, Vietnam and Myanmar, suggesting that they were descendants with a common provenance and expanded to these countries in the relatively recent past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannigan Chaichanasak
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Vilas R, Vázquez-Prieto S, Paniagua E. Contrasting patterns of population genetic structure of Fasciola hepatica from cattle and sheep: implications for the evolution of anthelmintic resistance. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 12:45-52. [PMID: 22036705 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Twelve polymorphic genetic markers, eight allozymic loci and four microsatellites, were used to characterize 20 infrapopulations of Fasciola hepatica (all flukes from 10 individual cattle and 10 sheep) from 11 farms in Northwest Spain. Results suggest different patterns of population genetic structure depending on the host species. Individuals identified as clones were much more frequent in sheep. The common presence of clones and its nonrandom occurrence among individual hosts suggests clumped transmission of liver flukes in sheep. After reducing significant repeated multilocus genotypes to one unique copy within infrapopulations, results show relatively high levels of gene diversity within infrapopulations from cattle and sheep (0.411 and 0.360 on average, respectively). However, parasites of sheep appear to show significantly more structured variation at the infrapopulation level (Standardized F(ST)=0.087 and 0.170 for parasites of cattle and sheep, respectively). Compared to the parasites from cattle, results suggest that populations from sheep show lower levels of gene flow, higher degree of aggregate transmission, higher probability of mating within clones, and lower parasitic load. These differences have implications for the evolution of anthelmintic resistance because they affect the effective population size and the degree of inbreeding. The development and rapid spread of resistance seems likely in the parasites of cattle because populations from the study area are characterized by high gene flow. However, results also suggest that the efficient selection of a new recessive advantageous mutation would be favored in parasites of sheep due to a greater potential for inbreeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Vilas
- Departamento de Xenética, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Veterinaria, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Fairweather I. Reducing the future threat from (liver) fluke: realistic prospect or quixotic fantasy? Vet Parasitol 2011; 180:133-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ai L, Chen MX, Alasaad S, Elsheikha HM, Li J, Li HL, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ, Chen JX. Genetic characterization, species differentiation and detection of Fasciola spp. by molecular approaches. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:101. [PMID: 21658284 PMCID: PMC3121690 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver flukes belonging to the genus Fasciola are among the causes of foodborne diseases of parasitic etiology. These parasites cause significant public health problems and substantial economic losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, it is important to definitively characterize the Fasciola species. Current phenotypic techniques fail to reflect the full extent of the diversity of Fasciola spp. In this respect, the use of molecular techniques to identify and differentiate Fasciola spp. offer considerable advantages. The advent of a variety of molecular genetic techniques also provides a powerful method to elucidate many aspects of Fasciola biology, epidemiology, and genetics. However, the discriminatory power of these molecular methods varies, as does the speed and ease of performance and cost. There is a need for the development of new methods to identify the mechanisms underpinning the origin and maintenance of genetic variation within and among Fasciola populations. The increasing application of the current and new methods will yield a much improved understanding of Fasciola epidemiology and evolution as well as more effective means of parasite control. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular techniques that are being used for the genetic characterization, detection and genotyping of Fasciola spp..
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P R China
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Chrisanfova GG, Lopatkin AA, Shestak AG, Mishchenkov VA, Zhukova TV, Akimova LN, Semyenova SK. Polymorphism of the cox1 mtDNA gene from cercarial isolates of the avian schistosome Bilharziella polonica (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) from Belarussian lakes. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A comparative study of karyotypes and chromosomal location of rDNA genes in important liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna (Trematoda: Fasciolidae). Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1021-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ai L, Weng YB, Elsheikha HM, Zhao GH, Alasaad S, Chen JX, Li J, Li HL, Wang CR, Chen MX, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. Genetic diversity and relatedness of Fasciola spp. isolates from different hosts and geographic regions revealed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Vet Parasitol 2011; 181:329-34. [PMID: 21524854 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined sequence variability in a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 4 and 5 (pnad4 and pnad5) among 39 isolates of Fasciola spp., from different hosts from China, Niger, France, the United States of America, and Spain; and their phylogenetic relationships were re-constructed. Intra-species sequence variations were 0.0-1.1% for pcox1, 0.0-2.7% for pnad4, and 0.0-3.3% for pnad5 for Fasciola hepatica; 0.0-1.8% for pcox1, 0.0-2.5% for pnad4, and 0.0-4.2% for pnad5 for Fasciola gigantica, and 0.0-0.9% for pcox1, 0.0-0.2% for pnad4, and 0.0-1.1% for pnad5 for the intermediate Fasciola form. Whereas, nucleotide differences were 2.1-2.7% for pcox1, 3.1-3.3% for pnad4, and 4.2-4.8% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and F. gigantica; were 1.3-1.5% for pcox1, 2.1-2.9% for pnad4, 3.1-3.4% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and the intermediate form; and were 0.9-1.1% for pcox1, 1.4-1.8% for pnad4, 2.2-2.4% for pnad5 between F. gigantica and the intermediate form. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pnad4 and pnad5 revealed distinct groupings of isolates of F. hepatica, F. gigantica, or the intermediate Fasciola form irrespective of their origin, demonstrating the usefulness of the mtDNA sequences for the delineation of Fasciola species, and reinforcing the genetic evidence for the existence of the intermediate Fasciola form.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
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Kantzoura V, Kouam MK, Feidas H, Teofanova D, Theodoropoulos G. Geographic distribution modelling for ruminant liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica) in south-eastern Europe. Int J Parasitol 2011; 41:747-53. [PMID: 21329694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Maximum entropy ecological niche modelling was utilised to predict the geographic range for fluke genotypes and haplotypes in south-eastern Europe, using the Maxent program. The lowest (0.832) and the highest (0.947) area under the curve values were observed in the models for the haplotypes CtCmt1 and CtCmt2.2, respectively. Precipitation and temperature contribute equally to model building of the genotypes based on the 28S rDNA gene. In regard to the mtDNA gene region, precipitation is the most important factor in modelling the CtCmt1 haplotype range, while temperature appears to be the most important factor in modelling the CtCmt2.1 and CtCmt2.2 haplotype ranges. The highest level of probability for the geographic distribution of Fasciola hepatica genotypes and haplotypes covered the regions of southern Bulgaria and central and northern Greece which contain a high concentration of potential ruminant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaia Kantzoura
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Hydrobiology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Votanikos, Athens 11855, Greece
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Vázquez-Prieto S, Vilas R, Mezo M, González-Warleta M, Ubeira FM, Paniagua E. Allozyme markers suitable for population genetic analysis of Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol 2011; 176:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Identification of Fasciola species isolated from Egypt based on sequence analysis of genomic (ITS1 and ITS2) and mitochondrial (NDI and COI) gene markers. Parasitol Int 2011; 60:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Population dynamics of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica: the effect of time and spatial separation on the genetic diversity of fluke populations in the Netherlands. Parasitology 2010; 138:215-23. [PMID: 20800016 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182010001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of the genetic diversity within Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) may provide an insight into its potential to respond to environmental changes, such as anthelmintic use or climate change. In this study, we determined the mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of > 400 flukes from 29 individual cattle, from 2 farms in the Netherlands, as an exemplar of fasciolosis in a European context. Analysis of this dataset has provided us with a measure of the genetic variation within infrapopulations (individual hosts) and the diversity between infrapopulations within a herd of cattle. Temporal sampling from one farm allowed for the measurement of the stability of genetic variation at a single location, whilst the comparison between the two farms provided information on the variation in relation to distance and previous anthelmintic regimes. We showed that the liver fluke population in this region is predominantly linked to 2 distinct clades. Individual infrapopulations contain a leptokurtic distribution of genetically diverse flukes. The haplotypes present on a farm have been shown to change significantly over a relatively short time-period.
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Martinez-Hernandez F, Jimenez-Gonzalez DE, Chenillo P, Alonso-Fernandez C, Maravilla P, Flisser A. Geographical widespread of two lineages of Taenia solium due to human migrations: Can population genetic analysis strengthen this hypothesis? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 9:1108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Valero MA, Perez-Crespo I, Periago MV, Khoubbane M, Mas-Coma S. Fluke egg characteristics for the diagnosis of human and animal fascioliasis by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Acta Trop 2009; 111:150-9. [PMID: 19375410 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In trematodiases, shape and size of the fluke eggs shed with faeces are crucial diagnostic features because of their typically reduced intraspecific variability. In fascioliasis, the usual diagnosis during the biliary stage of infection is based on the classification of eggs found in stools, duodenal contents or bile. The aim of the present study is to validate the identification of Fasciola species based on the shape and size of eggs shed by humans, characterizing their morphometric traits using a computer image analysis system (CIAS). The influence of both the geographical location and of the host (human and livestock) has been analysed. Coprological studies were carried out in fascioliasis human endemic areas, where only F. hepatica is present (the northern Bolivian Altiplano and the Cajamarca valley in Peru), and where F. hepatica and F. gigantica coexist (the Kutaisi region of Georgia, the Nile Delta in Egypt, and the Quy Nhon province in Vietnam). Classically, it is considered that at the abopercular end of the shell of Fasciola eggs there is often a roughened or irregular area. Nevertheless, results show that the frequency of the presence of this feature in F. hepatica is population-dependent, and therefore is not a pathognomonic criterion in diagnosis. The study reveals that eggs shed by humans show morphological traits different from eggs shed by animals. In humans, F. hepatica eggs are bigger and F. gigantica eggs are smaller than reported to date from livestock, and their measurements overlap when compared. The material analysed in this study shows that the size of eggs shed by humans from Georgia and Egypt corresponds to the F. hepatica morph, while the size of eggs shed by humans from Vietnam corresponds to the F. gigantica morph. Measurements of F. hepatica and F. gigantica eggs originating from humans and animals from sympatric areas overlap, and, therefore, they do not allow differential diagnosis when within this overlapping range. In this sense, the new results should aid clinicians since the application of the classic egg size range in human samples may lead to erroneous conclusions. Fasciolid egg size in human stool samples ought to be corrected in books and monographs related to medical parasitology and/or tropical medicine as well as in guides for clinicians and parasitic disease diagnosis analysts.
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