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Lee J, Gyu Nam T, Choi HK, Won Jang H. Determination of toxic α-dicarbonyl compounds in sesame oils using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101302. [PMID: 38559443 PMCID: PMC10978481 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl are toxic α-dicarbonyl compounds found in heat-processed foods, including edible oils. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry to determine the glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl contents in sesame oil. Chloroform and methanol were selected as the optimal extraction and dispersive solvents, respectively. The maximum derivatization efficiency was obtained using 500 µg of the derivatization agent, o-phenylenediamine. The derivatization of glyoxal was completed in 1 h, whereas those of methylglyoxal and diacetyl were completed immediately. The optimized method was validated, and was found to exhibit a good linearity, recovery, intraday repeatability, and interday reproducibility. The α-dicarbonyl compound concentrations in the oils were dependent on the roasting temperature. The sesame oil concentrates contained 0-175.4, 0-990.5, and 0-220.9 ng g-1 of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl, respectively. For the perilla oils, the respective concentrations were 0-96.4, 0-410.8, and 0-197.5 ng g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Nam
- Major of Food Science and Biotechnology, Division of Bio-convergence, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungshin Women's University, 55, 76 ga-gil, Dobong-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
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Parwani K, Patel F, Bhagwat P, Dilip H, Patel D, Thiruvenkatam V, Mandal P. Swertiamarin mitigates nephropathy in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end products. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:136-154. [PMID: 34657540 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1987478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The molecular mechanism by which Swertiamarin (SM) prevents advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) has never been explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of SM in preventing the progression of DN in high fat diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS After 1 week of acclimatisation, the rats were divided randomly into five groups as follows: (1) Control group, which received normal chow diet; (2) High-fat diet (HFD) group which was fed diet comprising of 58.7% fat, 27.5% carbohydrate and 14.4% protein); (3) Aminoguanidine (AG) group which received HFD + 100 mg/k.b.w.AG (intraperitoneal); (4) Metformin (Met) group which received HFD + 70 mg/k.b.w. the oral dose of Met and (5) SM group which was supplemented orally with 50 mg/k.b.w.SM along with HFD. After 12 weeks all HFD fed animals were given a single 35 mg/k.b.w. dose of streptozotocin with continuous HFD feeding for additional 18 weeks. Later, various biochemical assays, urine analyses, histopathological analysis of kidneys, levels of AGEs, expression of various makers, and in-silico analysis were performed. RESULTS The diabetic group demonstrated oxidative stress, increased levels of AGEs, decreased renal function, fibrosis in the renal tissue, higher expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which were ameliorated in the SM treated group. In-silico analysis suggests that SM can prevent the binding of AGEs with RAGE. CONCLUSIONS SM ameliorated DN by inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by AGEs.HighlightsSM reduces the levels of hyperglycaemia-induced advanced glycation end products in serum and renal tissue.SM prevents renal fibrosis by inhibiting the EMT in the kidney tissue.The in-silico analysis proves that SM can inhibit the binding of various AGEs with RAGE, thereby inhibiting the AGE-RAGE axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Parwani
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science & Technology, Anand, India
| | - Farhin Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science & Technology, Anand, India
| | - Pranav Bhagwat
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Haritha Dilip
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dhara Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science & Technology, Anand, India
| | - Vijay Thiruvenkatam
- Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science & Technology, Anand, India
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Jandeleit-Dahm KAM, Kankanamalage HR, Dai A, Meister J, Lopez-Trevino S, Cooper ME, Touyz RM, Kennedy CRJ, Jha JC. Endothelial NOX5 Obliterates the Reno-Protective Effect of Nox4 Deletion by Promoting Renal Fibrosis via Activation of EMT and ROS-Sensitive Pathways in Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:396. [PMID: 38671844 PMCID: PMC11047703 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia induces intrarenal oxidative stress due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a cascade of events that contribute to the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). NOX5, a pro-oxidant NADPH oxidase isoform, has been identified as a significant contributor to renal ROS in humans. Elevated levels of renal ROS contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction and associated inflammation, causing increased endothelial permeability, which can disrupt the renal ecosystem, leading to progressive albuminuria and renal fibrosis in DKD. This study specifically examines the contribution of endothelial cell-specific human NOX5 expression in renal pathology in a transgenic mouse model of DKD. This study additionally compares NOX5 with the previously characterized NADPH oxidase, NOX4, in terms of their relative roles in DKD. Regardless of NOX4 pathway, this study found that endothelial cell-specific expression of NOX5 exacerbates renal injury, albuminuria and fibrosis. This is attributed to the activation of the endothelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway via enhanced ROS formation and the modulation of redox-sensitive factors. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic significance of NOX5 inhibition in human DKD. The study proposes that inhibiting NOX5 could be a promising approach for mitigating the progression of DKD and strengthens the case for the development of NOX5-specific inhibitors as a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A. M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Haritha R. Kankanamalage
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Jaroslawna Meister
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sara Lopez-Trevino
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Mark E. Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada;
| | - Christopher R. J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada;
| | - Jay C. Jha
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (K.A.M.J.-D.); (S.L.-T.); (M.E.C.)
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Jaikumkao K, Thongnak L, Htun KT, Pengrattanachot N, Phengpol N, Sutthasupha P, Promsan S, Montha N, Sriburee S, Kothan S, Lungkaphin A. Dapagliflozin and metformin in combination ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and activating autophagy in diabetic rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166912. [PMID: 37816397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors and metformin on the kidneys, a combination of both agents is postulated to provide protection against diabetic nephropathy (DN). We examined the potential protective effects of dapagliflozin, metformin, and their combination on kidney injury in rats with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic (DM) rats were administered dapagliflozin (1.0 mg/kg/day), metformin (100 mg/kg/day), or a combination (dapagliflozin 0.5 mg/kg/day plus metformin 50 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Dapagliflozin monotherapy or in combination with metformin was more effective than metformin monotherapy in attenuating renal dysfunction, improving renal organic anion transporter 3 expression, and activating renal autophagy by modulating the AMPK/mTOR/SIRT1 axis in DM rats. Interestingly, dapagliflozin monotherapy exhibited greater efficacy in suppressing renal oxidative stress in DM rats than metformin or the combination treatment. Renal and pancreatic injury scores decreased in all treatment groups. Apoptotic markers were predominantly reduced in dapagliflozin monotherapy and combination treatment groups. The low-dose combination treatment, through synergistic coordination, appeared to modulate oxidative, autophagic, and apoptotic signaling and confer significant renoprotective effects against DM-induced complications. In addition, a low dose of the combination might be beneficial to patients by avoiding the risk of side effects of the medication. Future clinical trials are necessary to study the nephroprotective effects of the combined treatment at a low dosage in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krit Jaikumkao
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Laongdao Thongnak
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khin Thandar Htun
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattavadee Pengrattanachot
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Phengpol
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prempree Sutthasupha
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasivimon Promsan
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Napatsorn Montha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sompong Sriburee
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suchart Kothan
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Renal Transporter and Molecular Signaling Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Functional Foods for Health and Disease, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Dwivedi J, Wal P, Dash B, Ovais M, Sachan P, Verma V. Diabetic Pneumopathy- A Novel Diabetes-associated Complication: Pathophysiology, the Underlying Mechanism and Combination Medication. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1027-1052. [PMID: 37817659 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303265960230926113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "diabetic lung" has been identified as a possible target organ in diabetes, with abnormalities in ventilation control, bronchomotor tone, lung volume, pulmonary diffusing capacity, and neuroadrenergic bronchial innervation. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes studies related to diabetic pneumopathy, pathophysiology and a number of pulmonary disorders including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Electronic searches were conducted on databases such as Pub Med, Wiley Online Library (WOL), Scopus, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using standard keywords "diabetes," "diabetes Pneumopathy," "Pathophysiology," "Lung diseases," "lung infection" for review articles published between 1978 to 2023 very few previous review articles based their focus on diabetic pneumopathy and its pathophysiology. RESULTS Globally, the incidence of diabetes mellitus has been rising. It is a chronic, progressive metabolic disease. The "diabetic lung" may serve as a model of accelerated ageing since diabetics' rate of respiratory function deterioration is two to three-times higher than that of normal, non-smoking people. CONCLUSION Diabetes-induced pulmonary dysfunction has not gained the attention it deserves due to a lack of proven causality and changes in cellular properties. The mechanism underlying a particular lung illness can still only be partially activated by diabetes but there is evidence that hyperglycemia is linked to pulmonary fibrosis in diabetic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Dwivedi
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Biswajit Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, ADAMAS University, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Pranjal Sachan
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
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Torsello B, De Marco S, Bombelli S, Cifola I, Morabito I, Invernizzi L, Meregalli C, Zucchini N, Strada G, Perego RA, Bianchi C. High glucose induces an activated state of partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human primary tubular cell cultures. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279655. [PMID: 36827456 PMCID: PMC9956654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is observed in diabetic nephropathy. It is still debated whether tubular cells, undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high glucose (HG) conditions, may contribute to interstitial fibrosis development. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and molecular EMT-like changes and the alteration of inflammatory and fibrogenic secretome induced by HG in human primary tubular cell cultures. Taking advantage of this in vitro cell model composed of proximal and distal tubular cells, we showed that HG-treated tubular cells acquired a fibroblast-like morphology with increased cytoplasmic stress fibers, maintaining the expression of the epithelial markers specific of proximal and distal tubular cells. HG increased Snail1, miRNA210 and Vimentin mesenchymal markers, decreased N-cadherin expression and migration ability of primary tubular cells, while E-cadherin expression and focal adhesion distribution were not affected. Furthermore, HG treatment of tubular cells altered the inflammatory cytokine secretion creating a secretome able to enhance the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Our findings show that HG promotes an activated state of partial EMT in human tubular primary cells and induces a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic microenvironment, supporting the active role of tubular cells in diabetic nephropathy onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ingrid Cifola
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Ivana Morabito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lara Invernizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- ASST North Milan, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Roberto A. Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Fan M, Lan X, Wang Q, Shan M, Fang X, Zhang Y, Wu D, Luo H, Gao W, Zhu D. Renal function protection and the mechanism of ginsenosides: Current progress and future perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1070738. [PMID: 36814491 PMCID: PMC9939702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy is a general term for kidney diseases, which refers to changes in the structure and function of the kidney caused by various factors, resulting in pathological damage to the kidney, abnormal blood or urine components, and other diseases. The main manifestations of kidney disease include hematuria, albuminuria, edema, hypertension, anemia, lower back pain, oliguria, and other symptoms. Early detection, diagnosis, and active treatment are required to prevent chronic renal failure. The concept of nephropathy encompasses a wide range of conditions, including acute renal injury, chronic kidney disease, nephritis, renal fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy. Some of these kidney-related diseases are interrelated and may lead to serious complications without effective control. In serious cases, it can also develop into chronic renal dysfunction and eventually end-stage renal disease. As a result, it seriously affects the quality of life of patients and places a great economic burden on society and families. Ginsenoside is one of the main active components of ginseng, with anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and other pharmacological activities. A variety of monomers in ginsenosides can play protective roles in multiple organs. According to the difference of core structure, ginsenosides can be divided into protopanaxadiol-type (including Rb1, Rb3, Rg3, Rh2, Rd and CK, etc.), and protopanaxatriol (protopanaxatriol)- type (including Rg1, Rg2 and Rh1, etc.), and other types (including Rg5, Rh4, Rh3, Rk1, and Rk3, etc.). All of these ginsenosides showed significant renal function protection, which can reduce renal damage in renal injury, nephritis, renal fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy models. This review summarizes reports on renal function protection and the mechanisms of action of these ginsenosides in various renal injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Fan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qunling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Difu Zhu,
| | - Difu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Difu Zhu,
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Pirfenidone Attenuates the EMT Process and the Secretion of VEGF in TGF- β2-Induced ARPE-19 Cells via Inhibiting the Activation of the NF- κB/Snail Signaling Pathway. J Ophthalmol 2023; 2023:4798071. [PMID: 36756225 PMCID: PMC9902120 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4798071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Pirfenidone (PFD), an antifibrotic drug, has various beneficial functions such as antioxidant, antifibrotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying how PFD modulates retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells involved in neovascularization and subretinal fibrosis. Methods ARPE-19 cell lines were treated with transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) alone or in combination with PFD. RPE cell viability, as a consequence of PFD use, was determined by the CCK-8 assay. Cell migration was assessed by the wound closure assay and quantified by the Image J software. Protein expression of the following markers was measured by the western blot analysis: an epithelial cell marker and E-cadherin; mesenchymal cell markers, fibronectin, matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA); a fibrotic marker and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); an angiogenesis marker and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); NF-κB/Snail. The mRNA levels of fibronectin and α-SMA were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. VEGF was quantitatively measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The cell viability assay revealed that PFD had no significant cytotoxic effect on RPE cells at concentrations of less than 1 mg/mL. The cell scratch assay showed that TGF-β2 stimulation significantly improved the migration of RPE cells and that PFD attenuated this effect. PFD significantly inhibited the TGF-β2-induced protein expression of E-cadherin and increased the TGF-β2-induced protein expression of fibronectin, MMP-9, α-SMA, CTGF, and VEGF in ARPE-19 cells. The mRNA expression of fibronectin and α-SMA was inhibited by PFD in TGF-β2-inducedARPE-19 cells. Additionally, the increased intracellular and supernatant expression of VEGF protein was suppressed by PFD. Mechanistically, RPE cells treated with PFD + TGF-β2 exhibited a decrease in phosphorylation of the NF-κB P65 subunit and activation of Snail, compared with the RPE cells treated with TGF-β2 alone. Conclusion PFD ameliorated TGF-β2-induced neovascularization and fibrosis by suppressing the NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway. Therefore, PFD may be a potential drug in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.
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Wang X, Min D, Twigg SM. Regulation of CCN2 and Its Bioactivity by Advanced Glycation End Products. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2582:355-367. [PMID: 36370363 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2744-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the tissue fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) expansion in organ complications of diabetes mellitus and in other diseases. CCN2, also known as cellular communication factor 2 and earlier as connective tissue growth factor, is a matrix-associated protein that acts as a pro-fibrotic cytokine to cause fibrosis in tissues in many diseases. We were the first to report that AGEs regulate CCN2, which itself can then affect ECM synthesis. In this chapter, we describe the methods of preparation of soluble AGEs and matrix-bound AGEs that can be used to study AGE effect on CCN2 and ECM expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School (Central), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danqing Min
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School (Central), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School (Central), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Sun Y, Qu H, Song Q, Shen Y, Wang L, Niu X. High-glucose induced toxicity in HK-2 cells can be alleviated by inhibition of miRNA-320c. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1388-1398. [PMID: 35969018 PMCID: PMC9389931 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2106874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major healthcare challenge worldwide. MiRNAs exert a regulatory effect on the progress of DN. Our study proposed to investigate the miR-320c expression and its function on the pathogenesis of DN in vitro. The level of miR-320c in HK-2 cells was quantified by RT-qPCR. Cell morphology, invasion, and migration were observed by optical microscope, Transwell invasion assay, and scratch wound assay. Then, the levels of PTEN, α-SMA, vimentin, E-cadherin, p-PI3K, PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT were analyzed through western blotting. A Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to explore the target relationship between miR-320c and PTEN. It was discovered that miR-320c was over-expressed in high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-320c could alleviate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HG-induced HK-2 cells and retain the normal morphology of HK-2 cells. Additionally, the miR-320c inhibitor decreased the invasiveness and migration of HG-treated HK-2 cells. Next, the target gene of miR-320c, PTEN, was identified, and the function of miR-320c was reversed by down-regulation of PTEN. Finally, we found inhibition of miR-320c restrained the PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, inhibition of miR-320c could alleviate toxicity of HK-2 cells induced by HG via targeting PTEN and restraining the PI3K/AKT pathway, illustrating that miR-320c may act as a new biomarker in the diagnosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Hai Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Qi Song
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiaohong Niu
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Wang K, Guan C, Yu J, Chen X, Shang X, Mei S, Feng X, Zheng L. Systematic Pan-Cancer Analysis and Experimental Verification Identify FOXA1 as an Immunological and Prognostic Biomarker in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9328972. [PMID: 36393971 PMCID: PMC9646314 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9328972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the lowest survival rate among female reproductive cancers present with symptoms of aggressive malignancies, poor prognosis, drug resistance and postoperative recurrence. The majority of patients with EOC are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the therapeutic challenges including lack of early diagnosis and effective therapeutic targets for EOC. Methods Pan-cancer analyses were performed to explore the features of forkhead-box (FOX) A1 (FOXA1) using data from TCGA and GTEx databases. R package "clusterprofiler" was used to perform the enrichment analysis of FOXA1 in EOC. Data downloaded from Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database were used to evaluate the association between FOXA1 and antitumor drug sensitivity. In experimental verification, FOXA1 expression was detected using qRT-PCR and western blot assays. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and Transwell assays were used to assess the influence of FOXA1 silencing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of EOC cells. Results We found that FOXA1 was highly expressed in EOC and predicted poorer survival of EOC patients. We observed that FOXA1 expression was positively correlated EMT-related pathways. Through experimental verification, we found the underlying function of FOXA1 to promote EMT in ovarian cancers. The results from western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and Transwell assays showed that FOXA1 silencing impeded the progression of EMT and invasiveness of the cancer cells. Furthermore, CCK-8 and invasion assays suggested that siRNA-FOXA1 attenuated the ability of cancer cells to metastasize and proliferate. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the binding activity of FOXA1 to the promoter of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). In addition, we found that FOXA1 was closely correlated immunosuppressive microenvironment of EOC. High FOXA1 expression may contribute to the resistance of many anticancer drugs. Conclusions Our results predict and validate the function of FOXA1 in promoting EMT and the progression of disease in EOC. Targeting FOXA1 may improve the sensitivity of EOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenan Guan
- Department of Kidney Internal Medicine, Taizhou Hospital Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingjun Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingzhi Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000 Zhejiang, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000 Zhejiang, China
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12
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Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Chronic Kidney Disease: Does the Modern Diet AGE the Kidney? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132675. [PMID: 35807857 PMCID: PMC9268915 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1980s, chronic kidney disease (CKD) affecting all ages has increased by almost 25%. This increase may be partially attributable to lifestyle changes and increased global consumption of a “western” diet, which is typically energy dense, low in fruits and vegetables, and high in animal protein and ultra-processed foods. These modern food trends have led to an increase in the consumption of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in conjunction with increased metabolic dysfunction, obesity and diabetes, which facilitates production of endogenous AGEs within the body. When in excess, AGEs can be pathological via both receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated pathways. The kidney, as a major site for AGE clearance, is particularly vulnerable to AGE-mediated damage and increases in circulating AGEs align with risk of CKD and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, individuals with significant loss of renal function show increased AGE burden, particularly with uraemia, and there is some evidence that AGE lowering via diet or pharmacological inhibition may be beneficial for CKD. This review discusses the pathways that drive AGE formation and regulation within the body. This includes AGE receptor interactions and pathways of AGE-mediated pathology with a focus on the contribution of diet on endogenous AGE production and dietary AGE consumption to these processes. We then analyse the contribution of AGEs to kidney disease, the evidence for dietary AGEs and endogenously produced AGEs in driving pathogenesis in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease and the potential for AGE targeted therapies in kidney disease.
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Jha JC, Dai A, Garzarella J, Charlton A, Urner S, Østergaard JA, Okabe J, Holterman CE, Skene A, Power DA, Ekinci EI, Coughlan MT, Schmidt HHHW, Cooper ME, Touyz RM, Kennedy CR, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Independent of Renox, NOX5 Promotes Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Diabetes by Activating ROS-Sensitive Pathways. Diabetes 2022; 71:1282-1298. [PMID: 35275988 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here, we provide key findings demonstrating the predominant pathological role of the pro-oxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) in DKD, independent of the previously characterized NOX4 pathway. In patients with diabetes, we found increased expression of renal NOX5 in association with enhanced ROS formation and upregulation of ROS-sensitive factors early growth response 1 (EGR-1), protein kinase C-α (PKC-α), and a key metabolic gene involved in redox balance, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). In preclinical models of DKD, overexpression of NOX5 in Nox4-deficient mice enhances kidney damage by increasing albuminuria and augmenting renal fibrosis and inflammation via enhanced ROS formation and the modulation of EGR1, TXNIP, ERK1/2, PKC-α, and PKC-ε. In addition, the only first-in-class NOX inhibitor, GKT137831, appears to be ineffective in the presence of NOX5 expression in diabetes. In vitro, silencing of NOX5 in human mesangial cells attenuated upregulation of EGR1, PKC-α, and TXNIP induced by high glucose levels, as well as markers of inflammation (TLR4 and MCP-1) and fibrosis (CTGF and collagens I and III) via reduction in ROS formation. Collectively, these findings identify NOX5 as a superior target in human DKD compared with other NOX isoforms such as NOX4, which may have been overinterpreted in previous rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Garzarella
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amelia Charlton
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofia Urner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jakob A Østergaard
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jun Okabe
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chet E Holterman
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Skene
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Power
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Chris R Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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14
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Fu M, Peng D, Lan T, Wei Y, Wei X. Multifunctional regulatory protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF): A potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1740-1760. [PMID: 35847511 PMCID: PMC9279711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional protein of the CCN family, regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and a variety of other biological processes. It is involved in the disease-related pathways such as the Hippo pathway, p53 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways and thus contributes to the developments of inflammation, fibrosis, cancer and other diseases as a downstream effector. Therefore, CTGF might be a potential therapeutic target for treating various diseases. In recent years, the research on the potential of CTGF in the treatment of diseases has also been paid more attention. Several drugs targeting CTGF (monoclonal antibodies FG3149 and FG3019) are being assessed by clinical or preclinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. In this review, the cellular events regulated by CTGF, and the relationships between CTGF and pathogenesis of diseases are systematically summarized. In addition, we highlight the current researches, focusing on the preclinical and clinical trials concerned with CTGF as the therapeutic target.
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15
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Feiteng C, Lei C, Deng L, Chaoliang X, Zijie X, Yi S, Minglei S. Relaxin inhibits renal fibrosis and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2022; 44:513-524. [PMID: 35311469 PMCID: PMC8942541 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2044351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common characteristic and the final pathological mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although CKD remains incurable, inhibition of renal fibrosis is beneficial to inhibit the CKD process. Relaxin alleviates renal fibrosis in some experimental models, but its mechanism remains unclear. In the following, we studied the regulatory effect of relaxin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Our results demonstrate that relaxin could downregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and decrease EMT, thus protecting against loss of transporters in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and abrogate renal interstitial fibrosis following UUO. We confirmed that relaxin can downregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and decrease EMT in NRK52E, thus abrogating G2 cell cycle arrest in vitro experiments. Therefore, a novel mechanism by which relaxin is antifibrotic is that relaxin regulates the EMT program of TECs via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The inhibition of EMT contributes to protecting the functional capabilities of TECs and promoting the regeneration of TECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feiteng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Lei
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Chaoliang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zijie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao Yi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Minglei
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Mitochondrial Pathophysiology on Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031776. [PMID: 35163697 PMCID: PMC8836100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy kidneys, interstitial fibroblasts are responsible for the maintenance of renal architecture. Progressive interstitial fibrosis is thought to be a common pathway for chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Diabetes is one of the boosters of CKD. There is no effective treatment to improve kidney function in CKD patients. The kidney is a highly demanding organ, rich in redox reactions occurring in mitochondria, making it particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). A dysregulation in OS leads to an impairment of the Electron transport chain (ETC). Gene deficiencies in the ETC are closely related to the development of kidney disease, providing evidence that mitochondria integrity is a key player in the early detection of CKD. The development of novel CKD therapies is needed since current methods of treatment are ineffective. Antioxidant targeted therapies and metabolic approaches revealed promising results to delay the progression of some markers associated with kidney disease. Herein, we discuss the role and possible origin of fibroblasts and the possible potentiators of CKD. We will focus on the important features of mitochondria in renal cell function and discuss their role in kidney disease progression. We also discuss the potential of antioxidants and pharmacologic agents to delay kidney disease progression.
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17
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Zhang Y. MiR-92d-3p suppresses the progression of diabetic nephropathy renal fibrosis by inhibiting the C3/HMGB1/TGF-β1 pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20203131. [PMID: 33729484 PMCID: PMC8485393 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the onset and development of DN renal fibrosis. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-92d-3p on the progression of DN renal fibrosis. We used qRT-PCR to detect the expression levels of miR-92d-3p in the kidneys of patients with DN. Then, after transfecting lentiviruses containing miR-92d-3p into the kidneys of a DN mouse model and HK-2 cell line, we used qRT-PCR to detect the expression levels of miR-92d-3p, C3, HMGB1, TGF-β1, α-SMA, E-cadherin, and Col I. The expression levels of interleukin (IL) 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the HK-2 cells were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used in detecting the expression levels of fibronectin, α-SMA, E-cadherin, and vimentin. Results showed that the expression levels of miR-92d-3p in the kidney tissues of patients with DN and DN animal model mice decreased, and C3 stimulated HK-2 cells to produce inflammatory cytokines. The C3/HMGB1/TGF-β1 pathway was activated, and epithelial-to-interstitial transition (EMT) was induced in the HK-2 cells after human recombinant C3 and TGF-β1 protein were added. miR-92d-3p inhibited inflammatory factor production by C3 in the HK-2 cells and the activation of the C3/HMGB1/TGF-β1 pathway and EMT by C3 and TGF-β1. miR-92d-3p suppressed the progression of DN renal fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of the C3/HMGB1/TGF-β1 pathway and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- College of Medicine, Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang 330098, Jiangxi, China
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18
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Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092748. [PMID: 34067107 PMCID: PMC8125635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased blood glucose in diabetic individuals results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), causing various adverse effects on kidney cells, thereby leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the antiglycative potential of Swertiamarin (SM) isolated from the methanolic extract of E. littorale was explored. The effect of SM on protein glycation was studied by incubating bovine serum albumin with fructose at 60 °C in the presence and absence of different concentrations of swertiamarin for 24 h. For comparative analysis, metformin was also used at similar concentrations as SM. Further, to understand the role of SM in preventing DN, in vitro studies using NRK-52E cells were done by treating cells with methylglyoxal (MG) in the presence and absence of SM. SM showed better antiglycative potential as compared to metformin. In addition, SM could prevent the MG mediated pathogenesis in DN by reducing levels of argpyrimidine, oxidative stress and epithelial mesenchymal transition in kidney cells. SM also downregulated the expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. This study, for the first time, reports the antiglycative potential of SM and also provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which SM prevents toxicity of MG on rat kidney cells.
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Tuleta I, Frangogiannis NG. Diabetic fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166044. [PMID: 33378699 PMCID: PMC7867637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality is predominantly due to complications of the disease that may cause debilitating conditions, such as heart and renal failure, hepatic insufficiency, retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Fibrosis, the excessive and inappropriate deposition of extracellular matrix in various tissues, is commonly found in patients with advanced type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and may contribute to organ dysfunction. Hyperglycemia, lipotoxic injury and insulin resistance activate a fibrotic response, not only through direct stimulation of matrix synthesis by fibroblasts, but also by promoting a fibrogenic phenotype in immune and vascular cells, and possibly also by triggering epithelial and endothelial cell conversion to a fibroblast-like phenotype. High glucose stimulates several fibrogenic pathways, triggering reactive oxygen species generation, stimulating neurohumoral responses, activating growth factor cascades (such as TGF-β/Smad3 and PDGFs), inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, generating advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and stimulating the AGE-RAGE axis, and upregulating fibrogenic matricellular proteins. Although diabetes-activated fibrogenic signaling has common characteristics in various tissues, some organs, such as the heart, kidney and liver develop more pronounced and clinically significant fibrosis. This review manuscript summarizes current knowledge on the cellular and molecular pathways involved in diabetic fibrosis, discussing the fundamental links between metabolic perturbations and fibrogenic activation, the basis for organ-specific differences, and the promises and challenges of anti-fibrotic therapies for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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20
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Astragaloside IV attenuates high glucose-induced EMT by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225214. [PMID: 32515466 PMCID: PMC7313447 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanism of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) in high glucose (HG)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTCs). NRK-52E cell viability and apoptosis were determined by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and occludin were measured by Western blot, and those of E-cadherin and N-cadherin were additionally measured by immunofluorescence analysis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The expressions of Smad2, Smad3, phosphorylated-Smad2 (p-Smad2), and p-Smad3 were measured using Western blot. We found that AS-IV could recover NRK-52E cell viability and inhibit HG-induced cell apoptosis. TGF-β1, α-SMA, Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 expressions were decreased in the AS-IV-treated groups compared with the HG group. Moreover, the expressions of E-cadherin and occludin were remarkably up-regulated and those of N-cadherin and vimentin were down-regulated in the AS-IV-treated groups compared with the HG group. Interestingly, the TGF-β1 activator SRI-011381 hydrochloride had an antagonistic effect to AS-IV on HG-induced EMT behavior. In conclusion, AS-IV attenuates HG-induced EMT by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway in renal PTCs.
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21
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TRAIL treatment prevents renal morphological changes and TGF-β-induced mesenchymal transition associated with diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2337-2352. [PMID: 32857135 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted attention not only as an anti-cancer agent, but also as a potential treatment for diabetes. Animal studies have shown that TRAIL delivery ameliorated glucose control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is currently unknown whether TRAIL positive effects are maintained in more severe forms of type 2 diabetes, and whether they include renoprotection. Our study aimed at evaluating TRAIL effects in a severe form of type 2 diabetes with nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 db/db mice were treated with saline or TRAIL twice per week for 12 weeks. In parallel, renal tubular epithelial cells were cultured with TGF-β1 in the presence and absence of TRAIL, with and without silencing TRAIL-specific receptor (DR5) and leptin receptor. RESULTS TRAIL did not improve glucose control, but it significantly reduced circulating interleukin (IL)-6 and resistin. In the kidney, TRAIL treatment significantly ameliorated glomerular and tubular morphology with an improvement in kidney function, but no effect on proteinuria. Our in vitro studies on TGF-β1-treated cells, showed that by binding to DR5, TRAIL rescued normal tubular cell morphology, increasing E-cadherin and reducing α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression, with no effects on cell viability. Interestingly, both in vivo and in vitro, TRAIL reduced the accumulation of the autophagy substrate p62. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm TRAIL protective effects against organ damage and shed light on to promising anti-fibrotic actions, which are independent of glucose control. TRAIL anti-fibrotic actions might be due to the rescue of autophagy in diabetes.
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22
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Liu X, Zhang X, Cai X, Dong J, Chi Y, Chi Z, Gu HF. Effects of Curcumin on High Glucose-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Through the TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:929-940. [PMID: 33688227 PMCID: PMC7936700 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s296990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a microvascular complication in diabetes mellitus, while tubuloepithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mature tubular epithelial cells is a key point in the early development and progression of renal interstitial fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Curcumin on EMT and fibrosis in cultured normal rat kidney tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E). METHODS By using immunofluorescence staining and Western blot protocols, in vitro experiments were designed to analyze EMT markers, including collagen I and E-cadherin in high glucose (HG) exposed NRK-52E cells and to detect the expression levels of phosphorylated-NF-κB, TLR4 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) after Curcumin pre-treatment. With co-treatment with TAK242, these molecules in the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway were further evaluated. RESULTS Curcumin decreased the HG-induced EMT levels and ROS production in NRK-52E cells. Furthermore, Curcumin was found to inhibit the TLR4-NF-κB signaling activation in HG-induced EMT of NRK-52E cells. CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence suggesting a novel mechanism that Curcumin exerts the anti-fibrosis effects via inhibiting activation of the TLR4-NF-κB signal pathway and consequently protecting the HG-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells. Thereby, TLR4-NF-κB may be a useful target for therapeutic intervention in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiuli Zhang Department of Nephrology, Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Xiaoyi Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiqiu Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinmao Chi
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Chi
- Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Harvest F Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, People’s Republic of China
- Harvest F Gu Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, People’s Republic of China Email
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23
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Gong EY, Jo HA, Park SH, Cha DR, Hur DY, Han SY. VSIG4 Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Renal Tubular Cells under High-Glucose Conditions. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10120354. [PMID: 33348749 PMCID: PMC7766063 DOI: 10.3390/life10120354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High glucose-mediated tubular injury contributes to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy through renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. V-set immunoglobulin-domain-containing 4 (VSIG4), a B7 family-related protein, is a complement receptor. Although the role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been reported in several diseases, little is known about its relationship with VSIG4 under diabetic conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role of VSIG4 in human tubule cells stimulated by high glucose (HG, 55 mM). HG upregulated both mRNA and protein levels of VSIG4 in proximal tubule cells (HK-2 cells) and Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells. These upregulations were accompanied by increased expression of mesenchymal markers such as fibronectin, N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and vimentin, and by decreased expression of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin. The siRNA-mediated inhibition of VSIG4 in HK-2 cells restored the dysregulation of EMT in cells. Interestingly, VSIG4 inhibition did not affect the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, whereas inhibition of TGF-β reduced VSIG4 expression, subsequently suppressing fibrosis markers. These findings suggest that VSIG4 plays an important role in mediating renal tubular EMT through the downstream action of HG-induced TGF-β activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Yeung Gong
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Korea;
| | - Hyung Ah Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Joowha-ro 170, IlsanSeo-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10380, Korea;
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Urology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-ro 875, Haeundae-gu, Busan 48108, Korea;
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan-Hospital, Kojan-Dong 516, Ansan, Kyungki-Do 15355, Korea;
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.Y.H.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Sang Youb Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Joowha-ro 170, IlsanSeo-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10380, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.Y.H.); (S.Y.H.)
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24
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Involvement of FATP2-mediated tubular lipid metabolic reprogramming in renal fibrogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:994. [PMID: 33219209 PMCID: PMC7679409 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following a chronic insult, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) contribute to the development of kidney fibrosis through dysregulated lipid metabolism that lead to lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity. Intracellular lipid metabolism is tightly controlled by fatty acids (FAs) uptake, oxidation, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. Although it is widely accepted that impaired fatty acids oxidation (FAO) play a crucial role in renal fibrosis progression, other lipid metabolic pathways, especially FAs uptake, has not been investigated in fibrotic kidney. In this study, we aim to explore the potential mechanically role of FAs transporter in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. In the present study, the unbiased gene expression studies showed that fatty acid transporter 2 (FATP2) was one of the predominant expressed FAs transport in TECs and its expression was tightly associated with the decline of renal function. Treatment of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidneys and TGF-β induced TECs with FATP2 inhibitor (FATP2i) lipofermata restored the FAO activities and alleviated fibrotic responses both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the expression of profibrotic cytokines including TGF-β, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB) were all decreased in FATP2i-treated UUO kidneys. Mechanically, FATP2i can effectively attenuate cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by TGF-β treatment in cultured TECs. Taking together, these findings reveal that FATP2 elicits a profibrotic response to renal interstitial fibrosis by inducing lipid metabolic reprogramming including abnormal FAs uptake and defective FAO in TECs.
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25
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Xu D, Zeng W, Han X, Qian T, Sun J, Qi F, Liu C, Wang Q, Jin H. Honokiol protects against epidural fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix overproduction in rats post‑laminectomy. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:2057-2068. [PMID: 33125121 PMCID: PMC7595651 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidural fibrosis (EF)‑induced failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) in patients post‑laminectomy remains a medical challenge. Although the scarring mechanisms remain unclear, the majority of aetiological studies have reported fibroblast dysfunction. Honokiol, the major bioactive constituent of the magnolia tree, exerts a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti‑proliferative and anti‑fibrotic effects, on various cell types. The present study investigated whether honokiol attenuates EF progression. In vitro, it was found that honokiol inhibited excessive fibroblast proliferation induced by transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including fibronectin and type I collagen, in a dose‑dependent manner. These effects were attributed to the ability of honokiol to suppress the activity of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which is indispensable for the progression of fibrosis. Mechanistically, honokiol attenuated the TGF‑β1‑induced activation of the Smad2/3 and mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways in fibroblasts. In vivo, honokiol reduced the proliferation of fibroblasts and the synthesis of ECM components, thus ameliorating EF in a rat model post‑laminectomy. Taken together, these preclinical findings suggest that honokiol deserves further consideration as a candidate therapeutic agent for EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xuyao Han
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Tianchen Qian
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhou Qi
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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26
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Abudukeyoumu A, Li MQ, Xie F. Transforming growth factor-β1 in intrauterine adhesion. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13262. [PMID: 32379911 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA), led by trauma to the basal layer, can prevent the endometrium from growing, resulting in complications in females, such as infertility and amenorrhea. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a crucial role in inducing and promoting the differentiation and proliferation of mesenchymal cells, in the secretion of extracellular matrix-associated components, and is a major cytokine in initiating and terminating tissue repair downstream of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Some evidence supports that TGF-β1 is closely associated with the occurrence and development of IUA, and is regarded as an early risk factor of disease recurrence. Furthermore, the role of TGF-β1 has been demonstrated to be potentially regulated by a variety of cytokines, hormones, enzymes, and microRNAs. This review provides an overview of the expression, function, and regulation of TGF-β1 in IUA, with a brief discussion and perspectives on its future clinical implications on the diagnosis and treatment of IUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayitila Abudukeyoumu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Rayego-Mateos S, Valdivielso JM. New therapeutic targets in chronic kidney disease progression and renal fibrosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:655-670. [PMID: 32338087 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1762173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current therapeutic armamentarium to prevent chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is limited to the control of blood pressure and in diabetic patients, the strict control of glucose levels. Current research is primarily focused on the reduction of inflammation and fibrosis at different levels. AREAS COVERED This article examines the latest progress in this field and places an emphasis on inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. New therapeutic targets are described and evidence from experimental and clinical studies is summarized. We performed a search in Medline for articles published over the last 10 years. EXPERT OPINION The search for therapeutic targets of renal inflammation is hindered by an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology. The determination of the specific inducers of inflammation in the kidney is an area of heightened potential. Prevention of the progression of renal fibrosis by blocking TGF-β signaling has been unsuccessful, but the investigation of signaling pathways involved in late stages of fibrosis progression could yield improved results. Preventive strategies such as the modification of microbiota-inducers of uremic toxins involved in CKD progression is a promising field because of the interaction between the gut microbiota and the renal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red De Investigación Renal (Redinren) , Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut De Recerca Biomèdica De Lleida IRBLleida , Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Red De Investigación Renal (Redinren) , Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut De Recerca Biomèdica De Lleida IRBLleida , Lleida, Spain
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28
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Kay N, Huang CY, Shiu LY, Yu YC, Chang Y, Suen JL, Tsai EM, Huang SJ. The Effects of Anti-TGF-β1 on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1698-1706. [PMID: 32253735 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adenomyosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium. The mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of adenomyosis remain unclear. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is characterized by losing cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion together with gaining migratory and invasive properties of stromal cells to become mesenchymal stem cells. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), an anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by multiple cell types, plays a crucial role in embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. The induction of EMT and ultimate fibrosis by TGF-β1 is suggested to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate the occurrence of EMT in and the effects of anti-TGF-β1 on the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. ICR mice were fed with 1 μg/g body weight of tamoxifen (TAM) by in the first 4 postnatal days (PNDs). Subsequently, the right and left uterine horns were correspondingly injected with or without 10 μg of anti-TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody on PND42 followed by sacrifice on PND64. E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in the uteri was evaluated by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Clusters of endometrial glands and increased numbers of vimentin-positive stromal cells in the disrupted α-SMA-positive myometrium were observed in the uteri from TAM-treated mice. Numbers of stromal cells in the myometrium and the disrupted myometrial continuity were reduced by anti-TGF-β1. Moreover, uterine expression of E-cadherin and vimentin/α-SMA was increased and decreased by anti-TGF-β1 treatment, respectively. Anti-TGF-β1 successfully inhibits EMT and the development of adenomyosis in mouse uteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Kay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Huang
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yen Shiu
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Yu
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - S Joseph Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., MDC48, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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29
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Epigenetic activation of CTGF transcription by high glucose in renal tubular epithelial cells is mediated by myocardin-related transcription factor A. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:549-559. [PMID: 31773302 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) levels are up-regulated in patients with DN and in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) exposed to high glucose (HG). The underlying epigenetic mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigate the role of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) in HG-induced CTGF transcription in RTECs. We report that in two different animal models of DN, one induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection and the other induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, MRTF-A deficiency attenuated CTGF induction in the kidneys. In cultured RTECs, MRTF-A knockdown similarly ameliorated CTGF induction by HG treatment. Upon CTGF induction, there was an increase in acetylated histone H3 (AcH3) and trimethylated H3K4 (H3K4Me3) on the CTGF promoter region accompanying a decrease in dimethylated H3K9 (H3K9Me2). MRTF-A ablation in vivo or depletion in vitro comparably dampened the accumulation of AcH3 and H3K4Me3 but restored H3K9Me2 on the CTGF promoter. Further analyses revealed that MRTF-A interacted with and recruited histone demethylase KDM3A to the CTGF promoter to activate transcription. KDM3A silencing equivalently weakened HG-induced CTGF induction in RTECs. In conclusion, MRTF-A contributes to HG-induced CTGF transcription via an epigenetic mechanism.
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30
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Microparticles as Potential Mediators of High Glucose-Induced Renal Cell Injury. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080348. [PMID: 31390845 PMCID: PMC6723350 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Activation of signaling pathways such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are thought to play a significant role in the etiology of DN. Microparticles (MPs), the small membrane vesicles containing bioactive signals shed by cells upon activation or during apoptosis, are elevated in diabetes and were identified as biomarkers in DN. However, their exact role in the pathophysiology of DN remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of MPs shed from renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) exposed to high glucose conditions on naïve RPTCs in vitro. Our results showed significant increases in the levels of phosphorylated forms of 4E-binding protein 1 and ERK1/2 (the downstream targets of mTOR and ERK pathways), phosphorylated-eIF2α (an ER stress marker), alpha smooth muscle actin (an EMT marker), and phosphorylated-SMAD2 and nuclear translocation of SMAD4 (markers of TGF-β signaling). Together, our findings indicate that MPs activate key signaling pathways in RPTCs under high glucose conditions. Pharmacological interventions to inhibit shedding of MPs from RPTCs might serve as an effective strategy to prevent the progression of DN.
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31
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Jin Y, Li Y, Wang X, Yang Y. Dysregulation of MiR-519d Affects Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invasion and Metastasis by Targeting MMP3. J Cancer 2019; 10:2720-2734. [PMID: 31258780 PMCID: PMC6584932 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-519d (miR-519d) has been reported to play important roles in tumor development and progression in multiple cancers, either as tumor suppressor or tumor promotor. However, the expression level, biological function and molecular mechanisms of miR-519d in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the functional role of miR-519d in OSCC and the possible underlying regulatory mechanism. In this study, we found that miR-519d was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared with normal oral mucosae and normal oral epithelial cells. Importantly, downregulation of miR-519d was closely correlated with the lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage and poor overall survival of OSCC patients. Furthermore, miR-519d significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of OSCC cells. Using bioinformatics and biological approaches, we showed that miR-519d directly targeted matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), which might account for the underlying mechanism involved in the miR-519d mediated suppression of OSCC progression. What is more, miR‐519d expression was inversely correlated with MMP3 expression in OSCC tissues, and high levels of MMP3 expression in OSCC tissues were also associated with the metastasis and poor prognosis of these patients. In addition, we further identified that miR-519d acted as a regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC cells. Overall, the present study highlighted miR-519d as a tumor suppressor in OSCC by targeting MMP3 and supported biological and clinical links between miR-519d-MMP3 and OSCC, thus indicating the potential therapeutic value of miR-519d for alleviating OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, 200000, PR China
| | - Yuexiu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, 200000, PR China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, 200000, PR China
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32
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Ramzy MM, Abdalla AM, Zenhom NM, Okasha AM, Abdelkafy AE, Saleh RK. Therapeutic effect of liraglutide on expression of CTGF and BMP-7 in induced diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17512-17519. [PMID: 31127659 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the critical complications of diabetes mellitus and the main cause of chronic renal dysfunction. The pathogenic mechanism causing the disease remains unclear and there is a lack of effective treatment methods so novel strategies are needed for DN management. The aim of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the effect of liraglutide as glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue and its underlying mechanisms on induced DN in rats MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty rats were divided into control group, diabetic group, and liraglutide-treated group. At the end of experiment, renal CTGF and BMP-7 messeger RNA expression were determined. Blood sugar, serum urea, and creatinine were measured. Also, histopathological changes were studied. RESULTS Liraglutide can improve renal alterations associated with diabetes as it reduced CTGF expression and increased BMP-7 expression. In the same time, it could improve histopathological changes and renal function tests. CONCLUSION These findings influence the beneficial use of liraglutide for the management of DN in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie M Ramzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Ahlam M Abdalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Nagwa M Zenhom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Okasha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Aya E Abdelkafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Rabeh K Saleh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
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33
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El-Dawla NMQ, Sallam AAM, El-Hefnawy MH, El-Mesallamy HO. E-cadherin and periostin in early detection and progression of diabetic nephropathy: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Clin Exp Nephrol 2019; 23:1050-1057. [PMID: 31104272 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-019-01744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Many mechanisms are involved in its development; one of these mechanisms is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT, losing of the epithelial biomarkers like E-cadherin and increasing of mesenchymal biomarkers like periostin are very characteristic. METHODS The study included 19 healthy controls and 71 DN patients categorized according to their urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) into 19 normoalbuminuric (UACR < 30 mg/g), 37 microalbuminuric (UACR 30-300 mg/g), and 15 macroalbuminuric (UACR > 300 mg/g) patients. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C%), serum creatinine (Cr), and urea were measured. E-cadherin and periostin were measured by ELISA and compared among groups. RESULTS Concerning E-cadherin levels, in comparison to control group, there were significantly decreased in all groups (0.94, 0.52, and 0.14 ng/mL in normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria groups; respectively). For periostin levels, nonsignificant increase in normoalbuminuria (0.32 ng/mL) than control group (0.3 ng/mL) was observed. There was a significant increase in other groups with the highest values in macroalbuminuria group (1.66 ng/mL). E-cadherin and periostin were correlated with each other (r = - 0.353, P < 0.001). UACR was negatively correlated with E-cadherin and positively correlated with periostin. ROC curve analyses showed that the AUC to diagnose established microalbuminuria using E-cadherin was 0.998 (95% CI 0. 932-1), and using periostin was 0.833 (95% CI 0.709-0.919). CONCLUSION Serum E-cadherin and periostin could be considered as reliable biomarkers involved in DN pathogenesis and linked to its stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Qamar El-Dawla
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Al-Aliaa M Sallam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | | | - Hala O El-Mesallamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Fahy N, Menzel U, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Shear and Dynamic Compression Modulates the Inflammatory Phenotype of Human Monocytes in vitro. Front Immunol 2019; 10:383. [PMID: 30891042 PMCID: PMC6411641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and their derived macrophages are found at the site of remodeling tissue, such as fracture hematoma, that is exposed to mechanical forces and have been previously implicated in the reparative response. However, the mechanoresponsive of monocytes and macrophages to skeletal tissue-associated mechanical forces and their subsequent contribution to skeletal repair remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of skeletal tissue-associated loading conditions to modulate human monocyte activation and phenotype. Primary human monocytes or the human monocyte reporter cell line, THP1-Blue, were encapsulated in agarose and exposed to a combination of shear and compressive loading for 1 h a day for 3 consecutive days. Exposure of monocytes to mechanical loading conditions increased their pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression. Exposure of undifferentiated monocytes to mechanical loading conditions significantly upregulated gene expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8 compared to free swelling controls. Additionally, multiaxial loading of unstimulated monocytes resulted in increased protein secretion of TNF-α (17.1 ± 8.9 vs. 8 ± 7.4 pg/ml) and MIP-1α (636.8 ± 471.1 vs. 124.1 ± 40.1 pg/ml), as well as IL-13 (42.1 ± 19.8 vs. 21.7 ± 13.6) compared monocytes cultured under free-swelling conditions. This modulatory effect was observed irrespective of previous activation with the M1/pro-inflammatory differentiation stimuli lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ or the M2/anti-inflammatory differentiation factor interleukin-4. Furthermore, mechanical shear and compression were found to differentially regulate nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and IL-12B gene expression as well as inflammatory protein production by THP1-Blue monocytes. The findings of this study indicate that human monocytes are responsive to mechanical stimuli, with a modulatory effect of shear and compressive loading observed toward pro-inflammatory mediator production. This may play a role in healing pathways that are mechanically regulated. An in depth understanding of the impact of skeletal tissue-associated mechanical loading on monocyte behavior may identify novel targets to maximize inflammation-mediated repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fahy
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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Du N, Xu Z, Gao M, Liu P, Sun B, Cao X. Combination of Ginsenoside Rg1 and Astragaloside IV reduces oxidative stress and inhibits TGF-β1/Smads signaling cascade on renal fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3517-3524. [PMID: 30425453 PMCID: PMC6201993 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s171286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Anti-oxidative stress and inhibition of TGF-β1/Smads signaling cascade are essential therapeutic strategies for diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of combination of Ginsenoside Rg1 and Astragaloside IV on oxidative stress and TGF-β1/Smads signaling in DN rats. Materials and methods Wistar rats were divided into five groups: N group, M group (streptozotocin [STZ], intraperitoneally), G group (STZ rats with Ginsenoside Rg1, intragastrically [ig]), A group (STZ rats with Astragaloside IV, ig) and C group (STZ rats with Ginsenoside Rg1 and Astragaloside IV, ig). The levels of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), serum creatinine (SCr) and urinary creatinine (UCr) were detected in all the groups. The left kidneys of the rats were harvested to detect the expression of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, Smad7 and CTGF by immunohistochemical staining, while the right kidneys were used to detect the mRNA expression of TGF-β1, Smad7 and CTGF by real-time PCR. Results Rats in G group, A group and C group had lower level of MDA but higher levels of CAT, GSH-PX and T-AOC compared with rats in M group. Rats in C group showed the best anti-oxidative stress level. G group, A group and C group treatments significantly decreased the levels of BUN, SCr, β2-MG and UCr. In addition, C group treatment showed the best kidney protective effect. G group, A group and C group treatments significantly diminish ED both factor and mRNA overexpression of TGF-β1 and CTGF but increase Smad7 expression in kidney tissue. Conclusion The combination of Ginsenoside Rg1 and Astragaloside IV may potentially protect against DN by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smads signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China,
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China,
| | - Mingyue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China,
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China,
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China,
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China,
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Song S, Qiu D, Luo F, Wei J, Wu M, Wu H, Du C, Du Y, Ren Y, Chen N, Duan H, Shi Y. Knockdown of NLRP3 alleviates high glucose or TGFB1-induced EMT in human renal tubular cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:101-113. [PMID: 30307163 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tubular injury is one of the crucial determinants of progressive renal failure in diabetic nephropathy (DN), while epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubular cells contributes to the accumulation of matrix protein in the diabetic kidney. Activation of the nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome leads to the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1B and is involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes. In this study, we explored the role of NLRP3 inflammasome on high glucose (HG) or transforming growth factor-B1 (TGFB1)-induced EMT in HK-2 cells. We evaluated EMT through the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin as well as the induction of a myofibroblastic phenotype. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed using the confocal microscopy. HG was shown to induce EMT at 48 h, which was blocked by NLRP3 silencing or antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). We found that NLRP3 interference could inhibit HG-induced ROS. Knockdown of NLRP3 could prevent HG-induced EMT by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SMAD3, P38 MAPK and ERK1/2. In addition, P38 MAPK and ERK1/2 might be involved in HG-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Besides, TGFB1 induced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the generation of ROS, which were blocked by NLRP3 interference or NAC. Tubular cells exposed to TGFB1 also underwent EMT, and this could be inhibited by NLRP3 shRNA or NAC. These results indicated that knockdown of NLRP3 antagonized HG-induced EMT by inhibiting ROS production, phosphorylation of SMAD3, P38MAPK and ERK1/2, highlighting NLRP3 as a potential therapy target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Song
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Duojun Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengwei Luo
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinying Wei
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haijiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunyang Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunxia Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhuo Ren
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Sayed SAA, Ahmed SYA, Samak DH. Yucca schidigera extract modulates the lead-induced oxidative damage, nephropathy and altered inflammatory response and glucose homeostasis in Japanese quails. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:311-321. [PMID: 29571109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the toxic effects of lead (Pb) on the physiological responses of Japanese quails and to investigate the potential modulatory role of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) against these effects. 360 mature Japanese quails (at 2 months of age) were used and the experiment was lasted for 8 weeks. The birds were divided into six equal groups as follow: control (basal diet, BD), BD+Pb (100 mg/kg diet), BD+YSE (100 mg/kg diet), BD+YSE (200 mg/kg diet), BD+Pb (100 mg/kg diet) +YSE (100 mg/kg diet) and BD+ Pb (100 mg/kg diet) + YSE (200 mg/kg diet). Pb induced a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. While, increased protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tissues of exposed birds. Pb increased level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in serum. YSE significantly reduced the Pb -induced oxidative stress in co-treated groups especially at 200 mg/kg diet. YSE could modulate the Pb -induced decreased urea, creatinine and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) levels. YSE200 was found to be better than the YSE100 in decreasing levels of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, YSE significantly regulates glucose homeostasis in co-exposed quails. Pb residues were found to be significantly higher in kidney and pancreas tissues of Pb group compared to other groups. YES decreased the expression of metallothionein-1 in the renal and pancreatic tissues, while elevated insulin expression in the pancreatic cells by immunostaining in co-exposed groups. In conclusion, the present results conclusively demonstrate the potential modulatory effect of YSE against the Pb-induced toxic effects in different organs of Japanese quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sabry A A El-Sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Sarah Y A Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Dalia H Samak
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faulty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22516, Egypt
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Rojas A, Añazco C, González I, Araya P. Extracellular matrix glycation and receptor for advanced glycation end-products activation: a missing piece in the puzzle of the association between diabetes and cancer. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:515-521. [PMID: 29373651 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of epidemiologic evidence suggests that people with diabetes are at a significantly higher risk of many forms of cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. Cancer cells are surrounded by a complex milieu, also known as tumor microenvironment, which contributes to the development and metastasis of tumors. Of note, one of the major components of this niche is the extracellular matrix (ECM), which becomes highly disorganized during neoplastic progression, thereby stimulating cancer cell transformation, growth and spread. One of the consequences of chronic hyperglycemia, the most frequently observed sign of diabetes and the etiological source of diabetes complications, is the irreversible glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids leading to the formation of the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). These compounds may covalently crosslink and biochemically modify structure and functions of many proteins, and AGEs accumulation is particularly high in long-living proteins with low biological turnover, features that are shared by most, if not all, ECM proteins. AGEs-modified proteins are recognized by AGE-binding proteins, and thus glycated ECM components have the potential to trigger Receptor for advanced glycation end-products-dependent mechanisms. The biological consequence of receptor for advanced glycation end-products activation mechanisms seems to be connected, in different ways, to drive some hallmarks of cancer onset and tumor growth. The present review intends to highlight the potential impact of ECM glycation on tumor progression by triggering receptor for advanced glycation end-products-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Preclinical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Carolina Añazco
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Preclinical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ileana González
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Preclinical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Preclinical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
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Zhang X, Lian X, Liang D, Zhang L, Liu S, Yang L, Chi ZH, Gu H. Protective Effect of Znt7 on High Glucose-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:500-512. [DOI: 10.1159/000488697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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40
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Qing X, Chinenov Y, Redecha P, Madaio M, Roelofs JJ, Farber G, Issuree PD, Donlin L, Mcllwain DR, Mak TW, Blobel CP, Salmon JE. iRhom2 promotes lupus nephritis through TNF-α and EGFR signaling. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1397-1412. [PMID: 29369823 DOI: 10.1172/jci97650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) often results in progressive renal dysfunction. The inactive rhomboid 2 (iRhom2) is a newly identified key regulator of A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), whose substrates, such as TNF-α and heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases. Here, we demonstrate that deficiency of iRhom2 protects the lupus-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice from developing severe kidney damage without altering anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) Ab production by simultaneously blocking HB-EGF/EGFR and TNF-α signaling in the kidney tissues. Unbiased transcriptome profiling of kidneys and kidney macrophages revealed that TNF-α and HB-EGF/EGFR signaling pathways are highly upregulated in Fcgr2b-/- mice, alterations that were diminished in the absence of iRhom2. Pharmacological blockade of either TNF-α or EGFR signaling protected Fcgr2b-/- mice from severe renal damage. Finally, kidneys from LN patients showed increased iRhom2 and HB-EGF expression, with interstitial HB-EGF expression significantly associated with chronicity indices. Our data suggest that activation of iRhom2/ADAM17-dependent TNF-α and EGFR signaling plays a crucial role in mediating irreversible kidney damage in LN, thereby uncovering a target for selective and simultaneous dual inhibition of 2 major pathological pathways in the effector arm of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yurii Chinenov
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Michael Madaio
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joris Jth Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gregory Farber
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Priya D Issuree
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura Donlin
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - David R Mcllwain
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tak W Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Program in Inflammation and Autoimmunity, and.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Liu BC, Tang TT, Lv LL, Lan HY. Renal tubule injury: a driving force toward chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2018; 93:568-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang W, Zhou PH, Hu W, Xu CG, Zhou XJ, Liang CZ, Zhang J. Cryptotanshinone hinders renal fibrosis and epithelial transdifferentiation in obstructive nephropathy by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3/integrin β1 signal. Oncotarget 2017; 9:26625-26637. [PMID: 29928474 PMCID: PMC6003568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that CTS can alleviate cardiac fibrosis. However, the effects of CTS on kidney fibrosis and EMT are still unknown. This study explored whether CTS could attenuate tubulointerstitial fibrosis as well as EMT, and investigated the potential underlying mechanisms. In this study, an in vivo UUO mouse model and an in vitro TGF-β1 stimulated normal renal tubular kidney epithelial cell model were established. In UUO model, administration of 50 mg kg-1 day-1 CTS markedly decreased the occurrence of kidney injury and the accumulation of fibronectin and collagen-1. In addition, CTS reduced the expression level of α-SMA but retained E-cadherin in obstructed kidneys. In vitro, CTS suppressed the expression of fibronectin, collagen-1 and α-SMA but retained that of E-cadherin. Furthermore, CTS selectively abolished the activation of Smad3 and suppressed the nuclear translocation of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4. CTS could block the promoter activity of integrin β1 induced by Smad3. Furthermore, CTS inhibited Smad3 binding to integrin β1 promoter sequences. These data suggest that CTS can ameliorate kidney fibrosis and EMT, at least in part, by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3/integrin β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 232200, China.,Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Pang-Hu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nan-Hua University, Henyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chang-Geng Xu
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430014, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Chao-Zhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 232200, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China.,Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei Province, 435000, China
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Xu H, Sun F, Li X, Sun L. Down-regulation of miR-23a inhibits high glucose-induced EMT and renal fibrogenesis by up-regulation of SnoN. Hum Cell 2017; 31:22-32. [PMID: 28707079 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The nuclear transcription co-repressor Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) is a critical negative regulator of TGF-β1/Smad signal pathway, involving in tubule epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In this study, we focused on miR-23a as a regulator of SnoN. Our purpose is to study the effects of miR-23a on high glucose (HG)-induced EMT process and ECM deposition in HK2 cells. We found that miR-23a was up-regulated in renal tissues of diabetic patients and HG-induced HK2 cells. Besides, the high level of miR-23a was closely associated with decreased SnoN expression. Knockdown of miR-23a increased SnoN expression and in turn suppressed HG-induced EMT and renal fibrogenesis. Introduction of miR-23a decreased SnoN expression and enhanced the profibrogenic effects of HG on HK2 cells. Next, bioinformatics analysis predicted that the SnoN was a potential target gene of miR-23a. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-23a could directly target SnoN. We demonstrated that overexpression of SnoN was sufficient to inhibit HG-induced EMT and renal fibrogenesis in HK2 cells. Furthermore, down-regulation of SnoN partially reversed the protective effect of miR-23a knockdown on HG-induced EMT and renal fibrogenesis in HK2 cells. Collectively, miR-23a and SnoN significantly impact on the progression of HG-induced EMT and renal fibrogenesis in vitro, and they may represent novel targets for the prevention strategies of renal fibrosis in the context of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Xu
- Urology Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Road, Hebei, 061000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuyun Sun
- Urology Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Road, Hebei, 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Urology Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Road, Hebei, 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Sun
- Urology Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Road, Hebei, 061000, People's Republic of China
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Takahashi A, Takabatake Y, Kimura T, Maejima I, Namba T, Yamamoto T, Matsuda J, Minami S, Kaimori JY, Matsui I, Matsusaka T, Niimura F, Yoshimori T, Isaka Y. Autophagy Inhibits the Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products by Promoting Lysosomal Biogenesis and Function in the Kidney Proximal Tubules. Diabetes 2017; 66:1359-1372. [PMID: 28246295 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. AGEs filtered by glomeruli or delivered from the circulation are endocytosed and degraded in the lysosomes of kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation system that regulates intracellular homeostasis by engulfing cytoplasmic components. We have recently demonstrated that autophagic degradation of damaged lysosomes is indispensable for cellular homeostasis in some settings. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that autophagy could contribute to the degradation of AGEs in the diabetic kidney by modulating lysosomal biogenesis. Both a high-glucose and exogenous AGE overload gradually blunted autophagic flux in the cultured PTECs. AGE overload upregulated lysosomal biogenesis and function in vitro, which was inhibited in autophagy-deficient PTECs because of the impaired nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB. Consistently, streptozotocin-treated, PTEC-specific, autophagy-deficient mice failed to upregulate lysosomal biogenesis and exhibited the accumulation of AGEs in the glomeruli and renal vasculature as well as in the PTECs, along with worsened inflammation and fibrosis. These results indicate that autophagy contributes to the degradation of AGEs by the upregulation of lysosomal biogenesis and function in diabetic nephropathy. Strategies aimed at promoting lysosomal function hold promise for treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Takabatake
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kimura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Maejima
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoko Namba
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Matsuda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minami
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Kaimori
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumio Niimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Chen J, Chen KH, Fu BQ, Zhang W, Dai H, Lin LR, Wang LM, He YN. Isolation and identification of senescent renal tubular epithelial cells using immunomagnetic beads based on DcR2. Exp Gerontol 2017; 95:116-127. [PMID: 28461078 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell senescence plays a major role in the progression of tumors and chronic conditions such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Senescent cells are an important model for the study of aging-related diseases, and there is currently no efficient method for sorting out senescent cells. Decoy receptor 2 (DcR2) is a transmembrane receptor of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, which is specifically expressed in senescent cells. In this study, we used magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) isolation of a highly-pure populations DcR2-positive renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) based on three senescent cell models including the fifth passage cells, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)- and H2O2-induced cells. The percentages of DcR2 positive RTECs in G1 and S phases increased by 20% and 4%, respectively, as compared to that in the pre-sorted cells. The positivity rates of SA-β-gal, p16, and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) in DcR2-positive RTECs were about 40%, 30%, and 44% higher than that prior to cell sorting. The levels of IL-6 and TGF-β1 in the supernatant were increased by 1.7 and 1.5 folds, respectively, as compared to that observed prior to sorting. No significant cell death was observed after 5days of continuous culture. Ki-67 positive expression rate in DcR2 negative RTECs was significantly higher than that in DcR2 positive RTECs after MACS. We demonstrated the use of DcR2 to classify live, senescent RTECs with a high specificity and stability. Our findings lay the foundation for further study of senescent RTECs in the progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-Hong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bi-Qiong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanzi Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Ni He
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Yu L, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li Y. SOCS3 overexpression inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced EMT in proximal tubule epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3109-3115. [PMID: 28587386 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is among the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus, and may lead to end-stage renal disease. Sustained exposure to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) typically causes renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) to suffer from an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, there remains no consensus regarding the mechanism underlying the cause of EMT in TECs as induced by AGEs. In the present study, we investigated the promotion of EMT in TECs by AGEs, and the activation of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. In addition, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus (Ad) that overexpressed suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), and examined the regulatory role of SOCS3 in the activation of JAK/STAT signaling and the promotion of EMT in TECs. The results demonstrated that AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA) treatment significantly promoted the expression of EMT-associated proteins, while reducing the expression of the epithelial cell marker, E-cadherin. Furthermore, the Ad-mediated SOCS3 overexpression markedly inhibited the AGE-BSA-induced JAK2/STAT3 activation; phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3 expression levels were reduced by the Ad-SOCS3 infection, compared with the control Ad (Ad-con) infection, in HK-2 cells subject to AGE-BSA. Moreover, the overexpression of SOCS3 markedly inhibited the AGE-BSA-promoted EMT in HK-2 cells. AGE-BSA-promoted EMT-associated proteins, such as α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I, were reduced by the Ad-SOCS3 virus infection, in contrast to the Ad-con virus infection. Furthermore, reduced E-cadherin expression was reversed by the Ad-SOCS3 virus infection, in contrast to the Ad-con virus infection, in epithelial HK-2 cells. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the inhibitory role of SOCS3 in the AGE-induced EMT in renal TECs, implying the protective role of SOCS3 in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Guangdong, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Guangdong, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Yingtao Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Guangdong, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
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Ultra structural changes occurring in duct ectasia and periductal mastitis and their significance in etiopathogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173216. [PMID: 28273122 PMCID: PMC5342207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Duct ectasia (DE) and periductal mastitis (PDM) are the most common benign breast conditions seen in women. The etiopathogenesis of these entities is still not clear and most of the theories regarding the causation are based on the histological features as seen on light microscopy. The ultramicroscopic features associated with these conditions that may give more insight to the etiopathogenesis are unknown. Aim To study the ultrastructural changes occurring in mammary duct cones in patients with DE and PDM using Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM). Method Major ducts removed by radical duct excision from 21 patients with final histopathological diagnosis of DE and PDM were subjected to TEM study with 2 normal duct samples as controls. Results The TEM features of DE were denudation of the epithelial cells with focal loss of microvilli, widening of the inter-epithelial junctions with focal disruption of the T bars, periductal collagenisation without inflammation, and features suggestive of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). PDM features are intact epithelial lining with proliferative epithelium and periductal collagenisation with inflammation. Conclusions Based on the TEM findings, we suggest that DE and PDM are two different entities. EMT a novel finding observed in DE in this study.
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He M, Chen Z, Martin M, Zhang J, Sangwung P, Woo B, Tremoulet AH, Shimizu C, Jain MK, Burns JC, Shyy JYJ. miR-483 Targeting of CTGF Suppresses Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Therapeutic Implications in Kawasaki Disease. Circ Res 2017; 120:354-365. [PMID: 27923814 PMCID: PMC5391835 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is implicated in myofibroblast-like cell-mediated damage to the coronary arterial wall in acute Kawasaki disease (KD) patients, as evidenced by positive staining for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and EndoMT markers in KD autopsy tissues. However, little is known about the molecular basis of EndoMT involved in KD. OBJECTIVE We investigated the microRNA (miRNA) regulation of CTGF and the consequent EndoMT in KD pathogenesis. As well, the modulation of this process by statin therapy was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Sera from healthy children and KD subjects were incubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cardiovascular disease-related miRNAs, CTGF, and EndoMT markers were quantified using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, and Western blotting. Compared with healthy controls, human umbilical vein endothelial cell incubated with sera from acute KD patients had decreased miR-483, increased CTGF, and increased EndoMT markers. Bioinformatics analysis followed by functional validation demonstrated that Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) transactivates miR-483, which in turn targets the 3' untranslated region of CTGF mRNA. Overexpression of KLF4 or pre-miR-483 suppressed, whereas knockdown of KLF4 or anti-miR-483 enhanced, CTGF expression in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, atorvastatin, currently being tested in a phase I/IIa clinical trial in KD children, induced KLF4-miR-483, which suppressed CTGF and EndoMT in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS KD sera suppress the KLF4-miR-483 axis in endothelial cells, leading to increased expression of CTGF and induction of EndoMT. This detrimental process in the endothelium may contribute to coronary artery abnormalities in KD patients. Statin therapy may benefit acute KD patients, in part, through the restoration of KLF4-miR-483 expression. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01431105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.)
| | - Zhen Chen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.)
| | - Marcy Martin
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.)
| | - Panjamaporn Sangwung
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.)
| | - Brian Woo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.)
| | - Adriana H Tremoulet
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.)
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.)
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.)
| | - Jane C Burns
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.).
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (M.H., J.Z., J.Y.-J.S.), Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital (M.H.), Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.H., Z.C., M.M., B.W., J.Y.-J.S.) and Department of Pediatrics (A.H.T., C.S., J.C.B.), University of California, San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA (A.H.T., J.C.B.); Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside (M.M.); and Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Cleveland, OH (P.S., M.K.J.).
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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells in renal fibrosis: a new twist on an old tale. Kidney Int 2017; 89:263-6. [PMID: 26806826 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent publications have questioned whether epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells is an important contributor to renal fibrosis. Two recent publications describe an intratubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like program of epithelial cell dedifferentiation that may contribute to the recruitment or proliferation of interstitial myofibroblasts after kidney injury.
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Cruz-Solbes AS, Youker K. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT): Role and Implications in Kidney Fibrosis. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 60:345-372. [PMID: 28409352 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51436-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial injury is one of the hallmarks of renal disease. In particular, interstitial fibrosis has a prominent role in the development and progression of kidney injury. Collagen-producing fibroblasts are responsible for the ECM deposition. However, the origin of those activated fibroblasts is not clear. This chapter will discuss in detail the concept of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in the context of fibrosis and kidney disease. In short, EMT and EndMT involve a change in cell shape, loss of polarity and increased motility associated with increased collagen production. Thus, providing a new source of fibroblasts. However, many controversies exist regarding the existence of EMT and EndMT in kidney disease, as well as its burden and role in disease development. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the concepts and profibrotic pathways and to present the evidence that has been published in favor and against EMT and EndMT.
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