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Zeng JY, Wang Y, Hong FY, Miao M, Jiang YY, Qiao ZX, Wang YT, Bao XR. Tanshinone IIA is superior to paricalcitol in ameliorating tubulointerstitial fibrosis through regulation of VDR/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in rats with diabetic nephropathy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3959-3977. [PMID: 37991543 PMCID: PMC11111530 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) are closely involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, the development of TIF is closely related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Tanshinone IIA (Tan) has various pharmacological effects, especially the anti-fibrotic effect. And it is mainly used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, the protective effect of Tan on DN and its possible mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. Our previous studies illustrated that Tan could improve the EMT of HK-2 cells induced by high glucose by regulating the vitamin D receptor (VDR)/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we collected demographic information and laboratory results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in order to investigate the relationship between VD and DN. Then, we established a DN model and treated DN rats with Tan and paricalcitol (Par) for 6 weeks. We subsequently compared the changes in general condition, renal function, pathological changes, and TIF-related protein expression levels of control rats, DN rats induced by STZ, DN rats with Tan at 5.4 mg/kg, DN rats with Tan at 10.8 mg/kg, and DN rats with Par at 0.054 µg/kg, to explore the effect and mechanism of Tan and Par on DN rats. The results showed that VD had a protective effect against DN in diabetic patients. And we found that Tan had a protective effect on renal fibrosis in DN rats, which was superior to Par in improving the symptoms of "three more and one less," reducing fasting blood glucose level, improving renal index, BUN/SCr, and UACR, reducing histopathological damage of kidney, and improving the expression of fibrosis-related proteins in kidney tissue by regulating VDR/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Tan was superior to Par in ameliorating tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating VDR/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in rats with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Miao Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ying Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Tao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu W, Xiu L, Zhou M, Li T, Jiang N, Wan Y, Qiu C, Li J, Hu W, Zhang W, Wu J. The Critical Role of the Shroom Family Proteins in Morphogenesis, Organogenesis and Disease. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:187-202. [PMID: 38884059 PMCID: PMC11169129 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The Shroom (Shrm) family of actin-binding proteins has a unique and highly conserved Apx/Shrm Domain 2 (ASD2) motif. Shroom protein directs the subcellular localization of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), which remodels the actomyosin cytoskeleton and changes cellular morphology via its ability to phosphorylate and activate non-muscle myosin II. Therefore, the Shrm-ROCK complex is critical for the cellular shape and the development of many tissues, including the neural tube, eye, intestines, heart, and vasculature system. Importantly, the structure and expression of Shrm proteins are also associated with neural tube defects, chronic kidney disease, metastasis of carcinoma, and X-link mental retardation. Therefore, a better understanding of Shrm-mediated signaling transduction pathways is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies to minimize damage resulting in abnormal Shrm proteins. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various Shrm proteins and their roles in morphogenesis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Lei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Mingzhe Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Chao Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Monglia University, Hohhot, 010030 China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai, 200052 China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai, 200052 China
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Molitoris BA, Dunn KW, Sandoval RM. Proximal tubule role in albumin homeostasis: controversy, species differences, and the contributions of intravital microscopy. Kidney Int 2023; 104:1065-1069. [PMID: 37981429 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Molitoris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Dunn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ruben M Sandoval
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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de Jong TV, Chen H, Brashear WA, Kochan KJ, Hillhouse AE, Zhu Y, Dhande IS, Hudson EA, Sumlut MH, Smith ML, Kalbfleisch TS, Doris PA. mRatBN7.2: familiar and unfamiliar features of a new rat genome reference assembly. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:251-260. [PMID: 35543507 PMCID: PMC9236863 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00017.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat genomic tools have been slower to emerge than for those of humans and mice and have remained less thorough and comprehensive. The arrival of a new and improved rat reference genome, mRatBN7.2, in late 2020 is a welcome event. This assembly, like predecessor rat reference assemblies, is derived from an inbred Brown Norway rat. In this "user" survey we hope to provide other users of this assembly some insight into its characteristics and some assessment of its improvements as well as a few caveats that arise from the unique aspects of this assembly. mRatBN7.2 was generated by the Wellcome Sanger Institute as part of the large Vertebrate Genomes Project. This rat assembly has now joined human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)'s Genome Reference Consortium, which provides ongoing curation of the assembly. Here we examine the technical procedures by which the assembly was created and assess how this assembly constitutes an improvement over its predecessor. We also indicate the technical limitations affecting the assembly, providing illustrations of how these limitations arise and the impact that results for this reference assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan V. de Jong
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hao Chen
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Wesley A. Brashear
- 2Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kelli J. Kochan
- 2Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Andrew E. Hillhouse
- 2Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yaming Zhu
- 3Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Isha S. Dhande
- 3Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A. Hudson
- 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mary H. Sumlut
- 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Melissa L. Smith
- 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Theodore S. Kalbfleisch
- 5Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Peter A. Doris
- 3Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Molitoris BA, Sandoval RM, Yadav SPS, Wagner MC. Albumin Uptake and Processing by the Proximal Tubule: Physiologic, Pathologic and Therapeutic Implications. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1625-1667. [PMID: 35378997 PMCID: PMC9255719 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For nearly 50 years the proximal tubule (PT) has been known to reabsorb, process, and either catabolize or transcytose albumin from the glomerular filtrate. Innovative techniques and approaches have provided insights into these processes. Several genetic diseases, nonselective PT cell defects, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and acute PT injury lead to significant albuminuria, reaching nephrotic range. Albumin is also known to stimulate PT injury cascades. Thus, the mechanisms of albumin reabsorption, catabolism, and transcytosis are being reexamined with the use of techniques that allow for novel molecular and cellular discoveries. Megalin, a scavenger receptor, cubilin, amnionless, and Dab2 form a nonselective multireceptor complex that mediates albumin binding and uptake and directs proteins for lysosomal degradation after endocytosis. Albumin transcytosis is mediated by a pH-dependent binding affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in the endosomal compartments. This reclamation pathway rescues albumin from urinary losses and cellular catabolism, extending its serum half-life. Albumin that has been altered by oxidation, glycation, or carbamylation or because of other bound ligands that do not bind to FcRn traffics to the lysosome. This molecular sorting mechanism reclaims physiological albumin and eliminates potentially toxic albumin. The clinical importance of PT albumin metabolism has also increased as albumin is now being used to bind therapeutic agents to extend their half-life and minimize filtration and kidney injury. The purpose of this review is to update and integrate evolving information regarding the reabsorption and processing of albumin by proximal tubule cells including discussion of genetic disorders and therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Molitoris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Dept.of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Ruben M. Sandoval
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Shiv Pratap S. Yadav
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Mark C. Wagner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Fan L, Wang S, Liu Y, Gao W, Thomas KN, Fan F, Roman RJ. The adducin saga: pleiotropic genomic targets for precision medicine in human hypertension-vascular, renal, and cognitive diseases. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:58-70. [PMID: 34859687 PMCID: PMC8799388 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00119.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for stroke, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Previous genetic studies have nominated hundreds of genes linked to hypertension, and renal and cognitive diseases. Some have been advanced as candidate genes by showing that they can alter blood pressure or renal and cerebral vascular function in knockout animals; however, final validation of the causal variants and underlying mechanisms has remained elusive. This review chronicles 40 years of work, from the initial identification of adducin (ADD) as an ACTIN-binding protein suggested to increase blood pressure in Milan hypertensive rats, to the discovery of a mutation in ADD1 as a candidate gene for hypertension in rats that were subsequently linked to hypertension in man. More recently, a recessive K572Q mutation in ADD3 was identified in Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive (FHH) and Milan Normotensive (MNS) rats that develop renal disease, which is absent in resistant strains. ADD3 dimerizes with ADD1 to form functional ADD protein. The mutation in ADD3 disrupts a critical ACTIN-binding site necessary for its interactions with actin and spectrin to regulate the cytoskeleton. Studies using Add3 KO and transgenic strains, as well as a genetic complementation study in FHH and MNS rats, confirmed that the K572Q mutation in ADD3 plays a causal role in altering the myogenic response and autoregulation of renal and cerebral blood flow, resulting in increased susceptibility to hypertension-induced renal disease and cerebral vascular and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Letao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kirby N Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Dhande IS, Braun MC, Doris PA. Emerging Insights Into Chronic Renal Disease Pathogenesis in Hypertension From Human and Animal Genomic Studies. Hypertension 2021; 78:1689-1700. [PMID: 34757770 PMCID: PMC8577298 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic links between elevated blood pressure and chronic kidney disease remain obscure. This article examines progress in population genetics and in animal models of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. It also provides a critique of the application of genome-wide association studies to understanding the heritability of renal function. Emerging themes identified indicate that heritable risk of chronic kidney disease in hypertension can arise from genetic variation in (1) glomerular and tubular protein handling mechanisms; (2) autoregulatory capacity of the renal vasculature; and (3) innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Increased prevalence of hypertension-associated chronic kidney disease that occurs with aging may reflect amplification of heritable risks by normal aging processes affecting immunity and autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S. Dhande
- Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas HSC, Houston (I.S.D., P.A.D.)
| | - Michael C. Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (M.C.B.)
| | - Peter A. Doris
- Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas HSC, Houston (I.S.D., P.A.D.)
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8
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Martinez-Arroyo O, Selma-Soriano E, Ortega A, Cortes R, Redon J. Small Rab GTPases in Intracellular Vesicle Trafficking: The Case of Rab3A/Raphillin-3A Complex in the Kidney. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7679. [PMID: 34299299 PMCID: PMC8303874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small Rab GTPases, the largest group of small monomeric GTPases, regulate vesicle trafficking in cells, which are integral to many cellular processes. Their role in neurological diseases, such as cancer and inflammation have been extensively studied, but their implication in kidney disease has not been researched in depth. Rab3a and its effector Rabphillin-3A (Rph3A) expression have been demonstrated to be present in the podocytes of normal kidneys of mice rats and humans, around vesicles contained in the foot processes, and they are overexpressed in diseases with proteinuria. In addition, the Rab3A knockout mice model induced profound cytoskeletal changes in podocytes of high glucose fed animals. Likewise, RphA interference in the Drosophila model produced structural and functional damage in nephrocytes with reduction in filtration capacities and nephrocyte number. Changes in the structure of cardiac fiber in the same RphA-interference model, open the question if Rab3A dysfunction would produce simultaneous damage in the heart and kidney cells, an attractive field that will require attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martinez-Arroyo
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (R.C.)
| | - Estela Selma-Soriano
- Physiopathology of Cellular and Organic Oxidative Stress Group, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana Ortega
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (R.C.)
| | - Raquel Cortes
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (R.C.)
| | - Josep Redon
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (R.C.)
- CIBERObn, Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Fan L, Gao W, Liu Y, Jefferson JR, Fan F, Roman RJ. Knockout of γ-Adducin Promotes N G-Nitro-L-Arginine-Methyl-Ester-Induced Hypertensive Renal Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:189-198. [PMID: 33414130 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies identified a region on chromosome 1 associated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertension-induced renal disease in fawn-hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats. This region contains a mutant γ-adducin (Add3) gene that impairs renal blood flow (RBF) autoregulation, but its contribution to renal injury is unknown. The present study evaluated the hypothesis that knockout (KO) of Add3 impairs the renal vasoconstrictor response to the blockade of nitric oxide synthase and enhances hypertension-induced renal injury after chronic administration of L-NAME plus a high-salt diet. The acute hemodynamic effect of L-NAME and its chronic effects on hypertension and renal injury were compared in FHH 1Brown Norway (FHH 1BN) congenic rats (WT) expressing wild-type Add3 gene versus FHH 1BN Add3 KO rats. RBF was well autoregulated in WT rats but impaired in Add3 KO rats. Acute administration of L-NAME (10 mg/kg) raised mean arterial pressure (MAP) similarly in both strains, but RBF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fell by 38% in WT versus 15% in Add3 KO rats. MAP increased similarly in both strains after chronic administration of L-NAME and a high-salt diet; however, proteinuria and renal injury were greater in Add3 KO rats than in WT rats. Surprisingly, RBF, GFR, and glomerular capillary pressure were 41%, 82%, and 13% higher in L-NAME-treated Add3 KO rats than in WT rats. Hypertensive Add3 KO rats exhibited greater loss of podocytes and glomerular nephrin expression and increased interstitial fibrosis than in WT rats. These findings indicate that loss of ADD3 promotes L-NAME-induced renal injury by altering renal hemodynamics and enhancing the transmission of pressure to glomeruli. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A mutation in the γ-adducin (Add3) gene in fawn-hooded hypertensive rats that impairs autoregulation of renal blood flow is in a region of rat chromosome 1 homologous to a locus on human chromosome 10 associated with diabetic nephropathy. The present results indicate that loss of ADD3 enhanced NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertensive renal injury by altering the transmission of pressure to the glomerulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joshua R Jefferson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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10
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Zhang C, Fang X, Zhang H, Gao W, Hsu HJ, Roman RJ, Fan F. Genetic susceptibility of hypertension-induced kidney disease. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14688. [PMID: 33377622 PMCID: PMC7772938 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the second leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after diabetes mellitus. The significant differences in the incidence of hypertensive ESRD between different patient populations worldwide and patients with and without family history indicate that genetic determinants play an important role in the onset and progression of this disease. Recent studies have identified genetic variants and pathways that may contribute to the alteration of renal function. Mechanisms involved include affecting renal hemodynamics (the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback responses); increasing the production of reactive oxygen species in the tubules; altering immune cell function; changing the number, structure, and function of podocytes that directly cause glomerular damage. Studies with hypertensive animal models using substitution mapping and gene knockout strategies have identified multiple candidate genes associated with the development of hypertension and subsequent renal injury. Genome-wide association studies have implicated genetic variants in UMOD, MYH9, APOL-1, SHROOM3, RAB38, and DAB2 have a higher risk for ESRD in hypertensive patients. These findings provide genetic evidence of potential novel targets for drug development and gene therapy to design individualized treatment of hypertension and related renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
- Department of UrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
- Department of UrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Han Jen Hsu
- Department of UrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
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11
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Yu ZL, Wong CS, Lai YT, Chou WH, Faridah IN, Kao CC, Lin YF, Chang WC. Gender Differences in Genetic Associations of RAB38 with Urinary Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) Levels in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040184. [PMID: 33096837 PMCID: PMC7711808 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal dysfunction is common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous findings from a meta-analysis of GWAS indicated that the variation of RAB38/CTSC is highly associated with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in European populations. In addition, RAB38 knockout rats showed an increase in urinary albumins. Although the prevalence of chronic kidney disease is high in Taiwan, the role of genetic variants in diabetic renal function is still unclear. In the current study, 275 diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients were recruited to perform a genetic association study. Our results indicated that rs1027027, rs302647, and rs302646 in RAB38 were significantly associated with urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) levels in DN patients. Importantly, after analysis stratified by gender, a significant genetic influence on UPCR levels was observed in the male population. The findings confirmed the roles of gender and variants of RAB38 in the risk of UPCR in Diabetic Nephropathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lei Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.T.L.); (W.-H.C.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Chung-Shun Wong
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi Ting Lai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.T.L.); (W.-H.C.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.T.L.); (W.-H.C.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Imaniar Noor Faridah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.T.L.); (W.-H.C.); (I.N.F.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | - Chih-Chin Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Z.-L.Y.); (Y.T.L.); (W.-H.C.); (I.N.F.)
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.L.); (W.-C.C.)
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12
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Szpirer C. Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:84. [PMID: 32741357 PMCID: PMC7395987 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
- , Waterloo, Belgium.
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13
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Combined deficiency of RAB32 and RAB38 in the mouse mimics Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and critically impairs thrombosis. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2368-2380. [PMID: 31399401 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019031286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of lysosome related organelles is defective in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and platelet dense granule (DG) defects. The first animal model of HPS was the fawn-hooded rat, harboring a spontaneous mutation inactivating the small guanosine triphosphatase Rab38 This leads to coat color dilution associated with the absence of DGs and lung morphological defects. Another RAB38 mutant, the cht mouse, has normal DGs, which has raised controversy about the role of RAB38 in DG biogenesis. We show here that murine and human, but not rat, platelets also express the closely related RAB32. To elucidate the parts played by RAB32 and RAB38 in the biogenesis of DGs in vivo and their effects on platelet functions, we generated mice inactivated for Rab32, Rab38, and both genes. Single Rab38 inactivation mimicked cht mice, whereas single Rab32 inactivation had no effect in DGs, coat color, or lung morphology. By contrast, Rab32/38 double inactivation mimicked severe HPS, with strong coat and eye pigment dilution, some enlarged lung multilamellar bodies associated with a decrease in the number of DGs. These organelles were morphologically abnormal, decreased in number, and devoid of 5-hydroxytryptamine content. In line with the storage pool defect, platelet activation was affected, resulting in severely impaired thrombus growth and prolongation of the bleeding time. Overall, our study demonstrates the absence of impact of RAB38 or RAB32 single deficiency in platelet biogenesis and function resulting from full redundancy, and characterized a new mouse model mimicking HPS devoid of DG content.
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14
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Cowley AW, Dwinell MR. Chromosomal Substitution Strategies to Localize Genomic Regions Related to Complex Traits. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:365-388. [PMID: 32163204 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal substitution strategies provide a powerful tool to anonymously reveal the relationship between DNA sequence variants and a normal or disease phenotype of interest. Even in this age of CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering, the knockdown or overexpression of a gene provides relevant information to our understanding of complex disease only when a close association of an allelic variant with the phenotype has first been established. Limitations of genetic linkage approaches led to the development of more efficient breeding strategies to substitute chromosomal segments from one animal strain into the genetic background of a different strain, enabling a direct comparison of the phenotypes of the strains with variant(s) that differ only at a defined locus. This substitution can be a whole chromosome (consomic), a part of a chromosome (congenic), or as small as only a single or several alleles (subcongenics). In contrast to complete knockout of a specific candidate gene of interest, which simply studies the effects of complete elimination of the gene, the substitution of naturally occurring variants can provide special insights into the functional actions of wild-type alleles. Strategies for production of these inbred strains are reviewed, and a number of examples are used to illustrate the utility of these model systems. Consomic/congenic strains provide a number of experimental advantages in the study of functions of genes and their variants, which are emphasized in this article, such as replication of experimental studies; determination of temporal relationships throughout a life; rigorously controlled experiments in which relations between genotype and phenotype can be tested with the confounding effects of heterogeneous genetic backgrounds, both targeted and multilayered; and "omic" studies performed at many levels of functionality, from molecules to organelles, cells to organs, and organs to organismal behavior across the life span. The application of chromosomal substitution strategies and development of consomic/congenic rat and mouse strains have greatly expanded our knowledge of genomic variants and their phenotypic relationship to physiological functions and to complex diseases such as hypertension and cancer. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:365-388, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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15
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Dhande IS, Doris PA. Pulling the Hood off Genetic Susceptibility to Hypertensive Renal Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:667-668. [PMID: 32123053 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isha S Dhande
- Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter A Doris
- Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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16
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Fan F, Geurts AM, Pabbidi MR, Ge Y, Zhang C, Wang S, Liu Y, Gao W, Guo Y, Li L, He X, Lv W, Muroya Y, Hirata T, Prokop J, Booz GW, Jacob HJ, Roman RJ. A Mutation in γ-Adducin Impairs Autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow and Promotes the Development of Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:687-700. [PMID: 32029431 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019080784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genes and mechanisms involved in the association between diabetes or hypertension and CKD risk are unclear. Previous studies have implicated a role for γ-adducin (ADD3), a cytoskeletal protein encoded by Add3. METHODS We investigated renal vascular function in vitro and in vivo and the susceptibility to CKD in rats with wild-type or mutated Add3 and in genetically modified rats with overexpression or knockout of ADD3. We also studied glomeruli and primary renal vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from these rats. RESULTS This study identified a K572Q mutation in ADD3 in fawn-hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats-a mutation previously reported in Milan normotensive (MNS) rats that also develop kidney disease. Using molecular dynamic simulations, we found that this mutation destabilizes a critical ADD3-ACTIN binding site. A reduction of ADD3 expression in membrane fractions prepared from the kidney and renal vascular smooth muscle cells of FHH rats was associated with the disruption of the F-actin cytoskeleton. Compared with renal vascular smooth muscle cells from Add3 transgenic rats, those from FHH rats had elevated membrane expression of BKα and BK channel current. FHH and Add3 knockout rats exhibited impairments in the myogenic response of afferent arterioles and in renal blood flow autoregulation, which were rescued in Add3 transgenic rats. We confirmed these findings in a genetic complementation study that involved crossing FHH and MNS rats that share the ADD3 mutation. Add3 transgenic rats showed attenuation of proteinuria, glomerular injury, and kidney fibrosis with aging and mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that a mutation in ADD3 that alters ACTIN binding causes renal vascular dysfunction and promotes the susceptibility to kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mallikarjuna R Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Longyang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Xiaochen He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Wenshan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yoshikazu Muroya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jeremy Prokop
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi;
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Abstract
Current understanding of the mechanisms underlying renal disease in humans is incomplete. Consequently, our ability to prevent the occurrence of renal disease or treat established kidney disease is limited. Investigating kidney disease directly in humans poses objective difficulties, which has led investigators to seek experimental animal models that simulate renal disease in humans. Animal models have thus become a tool of major importance in the study of renal physiology and have been crucial in shedding light on the complex mechanisms involved in kidney function and in our current understanding of the pathophysiology of renal disease. Among animal models, the rat has been the preferred and most commonly used species for the investigation of renal disease. This chapter reviews what has been achieved over the years, using the rat as a tool for the investigation of renal disease in humans, focusing on the contribution of rat genetics and genomics to the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of the major types of renal disease, including primary and secondary renal diseases.
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18
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Cowley AW. Chrm3 Gene and M3 Muscarinic Receptors Contribute to Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 72:588-591. [PMID: 30354773 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Cowley
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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19
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Schulz A, Müller NV, van de Lest NA, Eisenreich A, Schmidbauer M, Barysenka A, Purfürst B, Sporbert A, Lorenzen T, Meyer AM, Herlan L, Witten A, Rühle F, Zhou W, de Heer E, Scharpfenecker M, Panáková D, Stoll M, Kreutz R. Analysis of the genomic architecture of a complex trait locus in hypertensive rat models links Tmem63c to kidney damage. eLife 2019; 8:42068. [PMID: 30900988 PMCID: PMC6478434 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the genetic susceptibility of complex diseases such as chronic kidney disease remains challenging. Here, we used inbred rat models of kidney damage associated with elevated blood pressure for the comprehensive analysis of a major albuminuria susceptibility locus detected in these models. We characterized its genomic architecture by congenic substitution mapping, targeted next-generation sequencing, and compartment-specific RNA sequencing analysis in isolated glomeruli. This led to prioritization of transmembrane protein Tmem63c as a novel potential target. Tmem63c is differentially expressed in glomeruli of allele-specific rat models during onset of albuminuria. Patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis exhibited specific TMEM63C loss in podocytes. Functional analysis in zebrafish revealed a role for tmem63c in mediating the glomerular filtration barrier function. Our data demonstrate that integrative analysis of the genomic architecture of a complex trait locus is a powerful tool for identification of new targets such as Tmem63c for further translational investigation. The human kidneys filter the entire volume of the blood about 300 times each day. This ability depends on specialized cells, known as podocytes, which wrap around some of the blood vessels in the kidney. These cells control which molecules leave the blood based on their size. Normally large molecules like proteins are blocked, while smaller molecules including waste products, toxins, excess water and salts pass through into the urine. If this filtration system is damaged, by high blood pressure, for example, it can lead to chronic kidney disease. A hallmark of this disease, often called CKD for short, is high levels of the protein albumin in the urine. Previous studies involving rats with high blood pressure have found several regions of the genome that contribute to high levels of albumin in the urine, including one on chromosome 6. However, this region contains several genes and it was unclear which genes affected the condition. Schulz et al. set out to narrow down the list and find specific genes that might contribute to elevated albumin in the urine of rats with high blood pressure. This search identified the gene for a protein called TMEM63c as a likely candidate. This protein spans the outer membrane of podocyte cells. Analysis of kidney biopsies showed that patients with chronic kidney disease also had low levels of this protein in their podocytes. Further experiments, this time in zebrafish, showed that reducing the activity of the gene for tmem63c led to damaged podocytes and a leakier filter in the kidneys. The results suggest that this gene plays an important role in the integrity of the kidneys filtration barrier. It is possible that faulty versions of this gene are behind some cases of chronic kidney disease. If this proves to be the case, a better understanding of the role of this gene may lead to new treatments for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schulz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Victoria Müller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Electrochemical Signaling in Development and Disease, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Anne van de Lest
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidbauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrei Barysenka
- Westfälische Wilhelms University, Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Münster, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Core Facility Electron Microscopy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Advanced Light Microscopy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodor Lorenzen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laura Herlan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- Westfälische Wilhelms University, Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Rühle
- Westfälische Wilhelms University, Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Münster, Germany
| | - Weibin Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Emile de Heer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Scharpfenecker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Panáková
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Westfälische Wilhelms University, Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Münster, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Morris C, Foster OK, Handa S, Peloza K, Voss L, Somhegyi H, Jian Y, Vo MV, Harp M, Rambo FM, Yang C, Hermann GJ. Function and regulation of the Caenorhabditis elegans Rab32 family member GLO-1 in lysosome-related organelle biogenesis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007772. [PMID: 30419011 PMCID: PMC6268011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell type-specific modifications of conventional endosomal trafficking pathways lead to the formation of lysosome-related organelles (LROs). C. elegans gut granules are intestinally restricted LROs that coexist with conventional degradative lysosomes. The formation of gut granules requires the Rab32 family member GLO-1. We show that the loss of glo-1 leads to the mistrafficking of gut granule proteins but does not significantly alter conventional endolysosome biogenesis. GLO-3 directly binds to CCZ-1 and they both function to promote the gut granule association of GLO-1, strongly suggesting that together, GLO-3 and CCZ-1 activate GLO-1. We found that a point mutation in GLO-1 predicted to spontaneously activate, and function independently of it guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), localizes to gut granules and partially restores gut granule protein localization in ccz-1(-) and glo-3(-) mutants. CCZ-1 forms a heterodimeric complex with SAND-1(MON1), which does not function in gut granule formation, to activate RAB-7 in trafficking pathways to conventional lysosomes. Therefore, our data suggest a model whereby the function of a Rab GEF can be altered by subunit exchange. glo-3(-) mutants, which retain low levels of GLO-3 activity, generate gut granules that lack GLO-1 and improperly accumulate RAB-7 in a SAND-1 dependent process. We show that GLO-1 and GLO-3 restrict the distribution of RAB-7 to conventional endolysosomes, providing insights into the segregation of pathways leading to conventional lysosomes and LROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Morris
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Olivia K. Foster
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Simran Handa
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Peloza
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Laura Voss
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hannah Somhegyi
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Youli Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - My Van Vo
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Marie Harp
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Fiona M. Rambo
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Greg J. Hermann
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Kozyraki R, Cases O. Cubilin, the Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Receptor in Development and Disease. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:3123-3150. [PMID: 30295181 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181008143945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gp280/Intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor/Cubilin (CUBN) is a large endocytic receptor serving multiple functions in vitamin B12 homeostasis, renal reabsorption of protein or toxic substances including albumin, vitamin D-binding protein or cadmium. Cubilin is a peripheral membrane protein consisting of 8 Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats and 27 CUB (defined as Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, BMP1) domains. This structurally unique protein interacts with at least two molecular partners, Amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin. AMN is involved in appropriate plasma membrane transport of Cubilin whereas Lrp2 is essential for efficient internalization of Cubilin and its ligands. Observations gleaned from animal models with Cubn deficiency or human diseases demonstrate the importance of this protein. In this review addressed to basic research and medical scientists, we summarize currently available data on Cubilin and its implication in renal and intestinal biology. We also discuss the role of Cubilin as a modulator of Fgf8 signaling during embryonic development and propose that the Cubilin-Fgf8 interaction may be relevant in human pathology, including in cancer progression, heart or neural tube defects. We finally provide experimental elements suggesting that some aspects of Cubilin physiology might be relevant in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
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22
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Eshbach ML, Sethi R, Avula R, Lamb J, Hollingshead DJ, Finegold DN, Locker JD, Chandran UR, Weisz OA. The transcriptome of the Didelphis virginiana opossum kidney OK proximal tubule cell line. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F585-F595. [PMID: 28615248 PMCID: PMC5625107 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00228.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The OK cell line derived from the kidney of a female opossum Didelphis virginiana has proven to be a useful model in which to investigate the unique regulation of ion transport and membrane trafficking mechanisms in the proximal tubule (PT). Sequence data and comparison of the transcriptome of this cell line to eutherian mammal PTs would further broaden the utility of this culture model. However, the genomic sequence for D. virginiana is not available and although a draft genome sequence for the opossum Monodelphis domestica (sequenced in 2012 by the Broad Institute) exists, transcripts sequenced from both species show significant divergence. The M. domestica sequence is not highly annotated, and the majority of transcripts are predicted rather than experimentally validated. Using deep RNA sequencing of the D. virginiana OK cell line, we characterized its transcriptome via de novo transcriptome assembly and alignment to the M. domestica genome. The quality of the de novo assembled transcriptome was assessed by the extent of homology to sequences in nucleotide and protein databases. Gene expression levels in the OK cell line, from both the de novo transcriptome and genes aligned to the M. domestica genome, were compared with publicly available rat kidney nephron segment expression data. Our studies demonstrate the expression in OK cells of numerous PT-specific ion transporters and other key proteins relevant for rodent and human PT function. Additionally, the sequence and expression data reported here provide an important resource for genetic manipulation and other studies on PT cell function using these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Eshbach
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rahil Sethi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Raghunandan Avula
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janette Lamb
- Genomics Research Core, University of Pittsburgh School of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah J Hollingshead
- Genomics Research Core, University of Pittsburgh School of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David N Finegold
- Department of Human Genetics, Pitt Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Joseph D Locker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Uma R Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ora A Weisz
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
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23
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Abstract
Cells lining the proximal tubule (PT) of the kidney are highly specialized for apical endocytosis of filtered proteins and small bioactive molecules from the glomerular ultrafiltrate to maintain essentially protein-free urine. Compromise of this pathway results in low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria that can progress to end-stage kidney disease. This review describes our current understanding of the endocytic pathway and the multiligand receptors that mediate LMW protein uptake in PT cells, how these are regulated in response to physiologic cues, and the molecular basis of inherited diseases characterized by LMW proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Eshbach
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; ,
| | - Ora A Weisz
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; ,
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24
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Teumer A, Tin A, Sorice R, Gorski M, Yeo NC, Chu AY, Li M, Li Y, Mijatovic V, Ko YA, Taliun D, Luciani A, Chen MH, Yang Q, Foster MC, Olden M, Hiraki LT, Tayo BO, Fuchsberger C, Dieffenbach AK, Shuldiner AR, Smith AV, Zappa AM, Lupo A, Kollerits B, Ponte B, Stengel B, Krämer BK, Paulweber B, Mitchell BD, Hayward C, Helmer C, Meisinger C, Gieger C, Shaffer CM, Müller C, Langenberg C, Ackermann D, Siscovick D, Boerwinkle E, Kronenberg F, Ehret GB, Homuth G, Waeber G, Navis G, Gambaro G, Malerba G, Eiriksdottir G, Li G, Wichmann HE, Grallert H, Wallaschofski H, Völzke H, Brenner H, Kramer H, Mateo Leach I, Rudan I, Hillege HL, Beckmann JS, Lambert JC, Luan J, Zhao JH, Chalmers J, Coresh J, Denny JC, Butterbach K, Launer LJ, Ferrucci L, Kedenko L, Haun M, Metzger M, Woodward M, Hoffman MJ, Nauck M, Waldenberger M, Pruijm M, Bochud M, Rheinberger M, Verweij N, Wareham NJ, Endlich N, Soranzo N, Polasek O, van der Harst P, Pramstaller PP, Vollenweider P, Wild PS, Gansevoort RT, Rettig R, Biffar R, Carroll RJ, Katz R, Loos RJF, Hwang SJ, Coassin S, Bergmann S, Rosas SE, Stracke S, Harris TB, Corre T, Zeller T, Illig T, Aspelund T, Tanaka T, Lendeckel U, Völker U, Gudnason V, Chouraki V, Koenig W, Kutalik Z, O'Connell JR, Parsa A, Heid IM, Paterson AD, de Boer IH, Devuyst O, Lazar J, Endlich K, Susztak K, Tremblay J, Hamet P, Jacob HJ, Böger CA, Fox CS, Pattaro C, Köttgen A. Genome-wide Association Studies Identify Genetic Loci Associated With Albuminuria in Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:803-17. [PMID: 26631737 PMCID: PMC4764151 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of albumin in the urine, albuminuria, are a hallmark of diabetic kidney disease and are associated with an increased risk for end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular events. To gain insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying albuminuria, we conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies and independent replication in up to 5,825 individuals of European ancestry with diabetes and up to 46,061 without diabetes, followed by functional studies. Known associations of variants in CUBN, encoding cubilin, with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were confirmed in the overall sample (P = 2.4 × 10(-10)). Gene-by-diabetes interactions were detected and confirmed for variants in HS6ST1 and near RAB38/CTSC. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at these loci demonstrated a genetic effect on UACR in individuals with but not without diabetes. The change in the average UACR per minor allele was 21% for HS6ST1 (P = 6.3 × 10(-7)) and 13% for RAB38/CTSC (P = 5.8 × 10(-7)). Experiments using streptozotocin-induced diabetic Rab38 knockout and control rats showed higher urinary albumin concentrations and reduced amounts of megalin and cubilin at the proximal tubule cell surface in Rab38 knockout versus control rats. Relative expression of RAB38 was higher in tubuli of patients with diabetic kidney disease compared with control subjects. The loci identified here confirm known pathways and highlight novel pathways influencing albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rossella Sorice
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, "Adriano-Buzzati Traverso," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nan Cher Yeo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and the Center for Population Studies, Framingham, MA
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yong Li
- Renal Division, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vladan Mijatovic
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel Taliun
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), affiliated to the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Luciani
- Institute of Physiology, Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Disorders Group, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Matthias Olden
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Linda T Hiraki
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), affiliated to the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Allison M Zappa
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Kollerits
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Belen Ponte
- Nephrology Division, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Stengel
- INSERM U-1018, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP) Team 5, Villejuif, France UMRS 1018, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP) Team 5, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Versailles, St. Quentin, France
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K
| | - Catherine Helmer
- INSERM U897, Bordeaux University, Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Bordeaux, France
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Müller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Daniel Ackermann
- University Clinic for Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg B Ehret
- Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gerard Waeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - H Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henri Wallaschofski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Herrmann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - I Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K
| | - Hans L Hillege
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques S Beckmann
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Charles Lambert
- INSERM UMR 1167 "Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases," Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jian'an Luan
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lyudmyla Kedenko
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Margot Haun
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marie Metzger
- INSERM U-1018, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP) Team 5, Villejuif, France UMRS 1018, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP) Team 5, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Versailles, St. Quentin, France
| | - Mark Woodward
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia The George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Matthew J Hoffman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Matthias Nauck
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Menno Pruijm
- Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Rheinberger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), affiliated to the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Rettig
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Reiner Biffar
- Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Material Science, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ronit Katz
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K. Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and the Center for Population Studies, Framingham, MA
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia E Rosas
- Kidney and Hypertension Section, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sylvia Stracke
- Clinic for Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tanguy Corre
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- INSERM UMR 1167 "Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases," Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Abteilung Innere II, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology, Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Disorders Group, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jozef Lazar
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Johanne Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), University of Montreal, CHUM Research Center, Technopìle Angus, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pavel Hamet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), University of Montreal, CHUM Research Center, Technopìle Angus, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Caroline S Fox
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and the Center for Population Studies, Framingham, MA Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), affiliated to the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD Renal Division, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Jia Z, Johnson AC, Wang X, Guo Z, Dreisbach AW, Lewin JR, Kyle PB, Garrett MR. Allelic Variants in Arhgef11 via the Rho-Rock Pathway Are Linked to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Contributes to Kidney Injury in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132553. [PMID: 26172442 PMCID: PMC4501567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, genetic analyses identified that variants in Arhgef11 may influence kidney injury in the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat, a model of hypertensive chronic kidney disease. To understand the potential mechanism by which altered expression and/or protein differences in Arhgef11 could play a role in kidney injury, stably transduced Arhgef11 knockdown cell lines as well as primary cultures of proximal tubule cells were studied. Genetic knockdown of Arhgef11 in HEK293 and NRK resulted in reduced RhoA activity, decreased activation of Rho-ROCK pathway, and less stress fiber formation versus control, similar to what was observed by pharmacological inhibition (fasudil). Primary proximal tubule cells (PTC) cultured from the S exhibited increased expression of Arhgef11, increased RhoA activity, and up regulation of Rho-ROCK signaling compared to control (small congenic). The cells were also more prone (versus control) to TGFβ-1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a hallmark feature of the development of renal interstitial fibrosis, and characterized by development of spindle shape morphology, gene expression changes in EMT markers (Col1a3, Mmp9, Bmp7, and Ocln) and increased expression of N-Cadherin and Vimentin. S derived PTC demonstrated a decreased ability to uptake FITC-albumin compared to the small congenic in vitro, which was confirmed by assessment of albumin re-uptake in vivo by infusion of FITC-albumin and immunofluorescence imaging. In summary, these studies suggest that genetic variants in the S form of Arhgef11 via increased expression and/or protein activity play a role in promoting kidney injury in the S rat through changes in cell morphology (Rho-Rock and/or EMT) that impact the function of tubule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Ashley C. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Xuexiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Zibiao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
- Molecular and Genomics Core Facility, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Albert W. Dreisbach
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Jack R. Lewin
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Patrick B. Kyle
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Flister MJ, Prokop JW, Lazar J, Shimoyama M, Dwinell M, Geurts A. 2015 Guidelines for Establishing Genetically Modified Rat Models for Cardiovascular Research. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:269-77. [PMID: 25920443 PMCID: PMC4475456 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The rat has long been a key physiological model for cardiovascular research, most of the inbred strains having been previously selected for susceptibility or resistance to various cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These CVD rat models offer a physiologically relevant background on which candidates of human CVD can be tested in a more clinically translatable experimental setting. However, a diverse toolbox for genetically modifying the rat genome to test molecular mechanisms has only recently become available. Here, we provide a high-level description of several strategies for developing genetically modified rat models of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flister
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA,
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27
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Fan F, Geurts AM, Pabbidi MR, Smith SV, Harder DR, Jacob H, Roman RJ. Zinc-finger nuclease knockout of dual-specificity protein phosphatase-5 enhances the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in FHH.1BN rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112878. [PMID: 25397684 PMCID: PMC4232417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the myogenic responses of the renal afferent arteriole (Af-Art) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) and autoregulation of renal and cerebral blood flow (RBF and CBF) were impaired in Fawn Hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats and were restored in a FHH.1BN congenic strain in which a small segment of chromosome 1 from the Brown Norway (BN) containing 15 genes including dual-specificity protein phosphatase-5 (Dusp5) were transferred into the FHH genetic background. We identified 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Dusp5 gene in FHH as compared with BN rats, two of which altered CpG sites and another that caused a G155R mutation. To determine whether Dusp5 contributes to the impaired myogenic response in FHH rats, we created a Dusp5 knockout (KO) rat in the FHH.1BN genetic background using a zinc-finger nuclease that introduced an 11 bp frame-shift deletion and a premature stop codon at AA121. The expression of Dusp5 was decreased and the levels of its substrates, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), were enhanced in the KO rats. The diameter of the MCA decreased to a greater extent in Dusp5 KO rats than in FHH.1BN and FHH rats when the perfusion pressure was increased from 40 to 140 mmHg. CBF increased markedly in FHH rats when MAP was increased from 100 to 160 mmHg, and CBF was better autoregulated in the Dusp5 KO and FHH.1BN rats. The expression of Dusp5 was higher at the mRNA level but not at the protein level and the levels of p-ERK1/2 and p-PKC were lower in cerebral microvessels and brain tissue isolated from FHH than in FHH.1BN rats. These results indicate that Dusp5 modulates myogenic reactivity in the cerebral circulation and support the view that a mutation in Dusp5 may enhance Dusp5 activity and contribute to the impaired myogenic response in FHH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Aron M. Geurts
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mallikarjuna R. Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Stanley V. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - David R. Harder
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Howard Jacob
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Yeo NC, O'Meara CC, Bonomo JA, Veth KN, Tomar R, Flister MJ, Drummond IA, Bowden DW, Freedman BI, Lazar J, Link BA, Jacob HJ. Shroom3 contributes to the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier integrity. Genome Res 2014; 25:57-65. [PMID: 25273069 PMCID: PMC4317173 DOI: 10.1101/gr.182881.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify regions of the genome correlated with disease risk but are restricted in their ability to identify the underlying causative mechanism(s). Thus, GWAS are useful "roadmaps" that require functional analysis to establish the genetic and mechanistic structure of a particular locus. Unfortunately, direct functional testing in humans is limited, demonstrating the need for complementary approaches. Here we used an integrated approach combining zebrafish, rat, and human data to interrogate the function of an established GWAS locus (SHROOM3) lacking prior functional support for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Congenic mapping and sequence analysis in rats suggested Shroom3 was a strong positional candidate gene. Transferring a 6.1-Mb region containing the wild-type Shroom3 gene significantly improved the kidney glomerular function in FHH (fawn-hooded hypertensive) rat. The wild-type Shroom3 allele, but not the FHH Shroom3 allele, rescued glomerular defects induced by knockdown of endogenous shroom3 in zebrafish, suggesting that the FHH Shroom3 allele is defective and likely contributes to renal injury in the FHH rat. We also show for the first time that variants disrupting the actin-binding domain of SHROOM3 may cause podocyte effacement and impairment of the glomerular filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cher Yeo
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Jason A Bonomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Kerry N Veth
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Ritu Tomar
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Flister
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Iain A Drummond
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA; Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Jozef Lazar
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA; Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Brian A Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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29
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Flister MJ, Endres BT, Rudemiller N, Sarkis AB, Santarriaga S, Roy I, Lemke A, Geurts AM, Moreno C, Ran S, Tsaih SW, De Pons J, Carlson DF, Tan W, Fahrenkrug SC, Lazarova Z, Lazar J, North PE, LaViolette PS, Dwinell MB, Shull JD, Jacob HJ. CXM: a new tool for mapping breast cancer risk in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6419-29. [PMID: 25172839 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of causative variants in familial breast cancer remain unknown. Of the known risk variants, most are tumor cell autonomous, and little attention has been paid yet to germline variants that may affect the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we developed a system called the Consomic Xenograft Model (CXM) to map germline variants that affect only the tumor microenvironment. In CXM, human breast cancer cells are orthotopically implanted into immunodeficient consomic strains and tumor metrics are quantified (e.g., growth, vasculogenesis, and metastasis). Because the strain backgrounds vary, whereas the malignant tumor cells do not, any observed changes in tumor progression are due to genetic differences in the nonmalignant microenvironment. Using CXM, we defined genetic variants on rat chromosome 3 that reduced relative tumor growth and hematogenous metastasis in the SS.BN3(IL2Rγ) consomic model compared with the SS(IL2Rγ) parental strain. Paradoxically, these effects occurred despite an increase in the density of tumor-associated blood vessels. In contrast, lymphatic vasculature and lymphogenous metastasis were unaffected by the SS.BN3(IL2Rγ) background. Through comparative mapping and whole-genome sequence analysis, we narrowed candidate variants on rat chromosome 3 to six genes with a priority for future analysis. Collectively, our results establish the utility of CXM to localize genetic variants affecting the tumor microenvironment that underlie differences in breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flister
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Bradley T Endres
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nathan Rudemiller
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Allison B Sarkis
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Ishan Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Angela Lemke
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Carol Moreno
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sophia Ran
- SimonsCooper Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois. Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jeffery De Pons
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Wenfang Tan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota. Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Scott C Fahrenkrug
- Recombinetics Inc, Saint Paul, Minnesota. Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota. Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Zelmira Lazarova
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jozef Lazar
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Paula E North
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Peter S LaViolette
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - James D Shull
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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30
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Yang Y, Xin Z, Chu J, Li N, Sun T. Involvement of Caveolin-1 in CD83 Internalization in Mouse Dendritic Cells. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1395-404. [PMID: 24898475 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x682116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To become potent T-cell stimulators, DCs need to mature. Treatment with soluble CD83 (sCD83) induces immune tolerance and protects against transplant rejection by maintaining dendritic cells in an immature, tolerogenic state. Until now, the mechanism through which sCD83 keeps DCs immature has not been investigated. The internalizing pathway of CD83 was screened by Western blot, and the direct interactions between internalized proteins were verified through coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). CD83 plasma membrane levels were detected by Western blot using a plasma membrane protein extraction protocol. The changes in CD83 surface levels in DCs were detected by flow cytometry. Caveolin-1 function was detected in a kidney transplant model. In this study, we demonstrated that caveolin-1 could affect CD83 level during endocytosis in mouse DCs. Caveolin-1 coprecipitates with CD83, as demonstrated by co-IP analysis. TEM morphometric analysis of the entire CD83 distribution associated with internalized caveolin-1 demonstrated a significant interaction in cellular vesicles. sCD83 reduces endogenous CD83 plasma membrane levels, and caveolin-1 knockdown reverts CD83 levels in plasma membrane. sCD83 treatment decreases CD83 surface levels in DCs. siRNA to caveolin-1 in DCs inhibits this effect of sCD83. The effects of sCD83-treated DCs were proved in CD1 mice. Knocking down caveolin-1 in DCs obstructs the effects of sCD83 on kidney transplant. In conclusion, our data indicated that a caveolin-dependent endocytic pathway is involved in CD83 internalization in DCs and that caveolin-1 is involved in the activity of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejing Yang
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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31
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Sandoval RM, Molitoris BA. Letter to the editor: "Quantifying albumin permeability with multiphoton microscopy: why the difference?". Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F1098-100. [PMID: 24785957 PMCID: PMC5243215 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00652.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben M Sandoval
- Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, 1120 South Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5116.
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32
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Westbrook L, Johnson AC, Regner KR, Williams JM, Mattson DL, Kyle PB, Henegar JR, Garrett MR. Genetic susceptibility and loss of Nr4a1 enhances macrophage-mediated renal injury in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2499-510. [PMID: 24722447 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors of the NR4A subgroup have been implicated in cancer, atherosclerosis, and metabolic disease. However, little is known about the role of these receptors in kidney health or disease. Nr4a1-deficient rats (Nr4a1(-/-)) developed on a genetic background susceptible to kidney injury (fawn-hooded hypertensive rat [FHH]) were evaluated for BP, proteinuria, renal function, and metabolic parameters from 4 to 24 weeks-of-age. By week 24, Nr4a1(-/-) rats exhibited significantly higher proteinuria (approximately 4-fold) and decreased GFR compared with FHH controls. The severity of tubular atrophy, tubular casts, and interstitial fibrosis increased significantly in Nr4a1(-/-) rats and was accompanied by a large increase in immune cell infiltration, predominantly macrophages and to a lesser extent T cells and B cells. Global transcriptome and network analyses at weeks 8, 16, and 24 identified several proinflammatory genes and pathways differentially regulated between strains. Bone marrow crosstransplantation studies demonstrated that kidney injury in Nr4a1(-/-) rats was almost completely rescued by bone marrow transplanted from FHH controls. In vitro, macrophages isolated from Nr4a1(-/-) rats demonstrated increased immune activation compared with FHH-derived macrophages. In summary, the loss of Nr4a1 in immune cells appears to cause the increased kidney injury and reduced renal function observed in the Nr4a1(-/-) model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan M Williams
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medicine, and
| | - David L Mattson
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Patrick B Kyle
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Jeffery R Henegar
- Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
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33
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Brown Norway chromosome 1 congenic reduces symptoms of renal disease in fatty Zucker rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87770. [PMID: 24498189 PMCID: PMC3909223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a congenic rat with Brown Norway (BN) alleles on chromosome 1 reduces renal disease of 15-week old fatty Zucker rats (ZUC). Development of renal disease in fatty BN congenic and fatty ZUC rats from 9 through 28 weeks is now examined. Analysis of urine metabolites by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed a significantly increased urinary loss of glucose, myo-inositol, urea, creatine, and valine in ZUC. Food intake was lower in the BN congenic rats at weeks 9–24, but they weighed significantly more at 28 weeks compared with the ZUC group. Fasting glucose was significantly higher in ZUC than congenic and adiponectin levels were significantly lower in ZUC, but there was no significant genotype effect on Insulin levels. Glucose tolerance tests exhibited no significant differences between ZUC and congenic when values were normalized to basal glucose levels. Quantitative PCR on livers revealed evidence for higher gluconeogenesis in congenics than ZUC at 9 weeks. Plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine were more than 2-fold higher in 28-week ZUC. Twelve urine protein markers of glomerular, proximal and distal tubule disease were assayed at three ages. Several proteins that indicate glomerular and proximal tubular disease increased with age in both congenic and ZUC. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) level, a marker whose levels decrease with distal tubule disease, was significantly higher in congenics. Quantitative histology of 28 week old animals revealed the most significant genotype effect was for tubular dilation and intratubular protein. The congenic donor region is protective of kidney disease, and effects on Type 2 diabetes are likely limited to fasting glucose and adiponectin. The loss of urea together with a small increase of food intake in ZUC support the hypothesis that nitrogen balance is altered in ZUC from an early age.
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34
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Dickson LE, Wagner MC, Sandoval RM, Molitoris BA. The proximal tubule and albuminuria: really! J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:443-53. [PMID: 24408874 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013090950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data highlight the role of the proximal tubule (PT) in reabsorbing, processing, and transcytosing urinary albumin from the glomerular filtrate. Innovative techniques and approaches have provided exciting insights into these processes, and numerous investigators have shown that selective PT cell defects lead to significant albuminuria, even reaching nephrotic range in animal models. Thus, the mechanisms of albumin reabsorption and transcytosis are undergoing intense study. Working in concert with megalin and cubilin, a nonselective multireceptor complex that predominantly directs proteins for lysosomal degradation, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) located at the brush border of the apical membrane has been implicated as the "receptor" mediating albumin transcytosis. The FcRn pathway facilitates reabsorption and mediates transcytosis by its pH-dependent binding affinity in endosomal compartments. This also allows for selective albumin sorting within the PT cell. This reclamation pathway minimizes urinary losses and catabolism of albumin, thus prolonging its serum half-life. It may also serve as a molecular sorter to preserve and reclaim normal albumin while allowing "altered" albumin to be catabolized via lysosomal pathways. Here, we critically review the data supporting this novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon E Dickson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
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35
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Lazar J, O'Meara CC, Sarkis AB, Prisco SZ, Xu H, Fox CS, Chen MH, Broeckel U, Arnett DK, Moreno C, Provoost AP, Jacob HJ. SORCS1 contributes to the development of renal disease in rats and humans. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:720-8. [PMID: 23780848 PMCID: PMC3742914 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00089.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence demonstrate that genetic variability contributes to chronic kidney disease susceptibility in humans as well as rodent models. Little progress has been made in discovering causal kidney disease genes in humans mainly due to genetic complexity. Here, we use a minimal congenic mapping strategy in the FHH (fawn hooded hypertensive) rat to identify Sorcs1 as a novel renal disease candidate gene. We investigated the hypothesis that genetic variation in Sorcs1 influences renal disease susceptibility in both rat and human. Sorcs1 is expressed in the kidney, and knocking out this gene in a rat strain with a sensitized genome background produced increased proteinuria. In vitro knockdown of Sorcs1 in proximal tubule cells impaired protein trafficking, suggesting a mechanism for the observed proteinuria in the FHH rat. Since Sorcs1 influences renal function in the rat, we went on to test this gene in humans. We identified associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in SORCS1 and renal function in large cohorts of European and African ancestry. The experimental data from the rat combined with association results from different ethnic groups indicates a role for SORCS1 in maintaining proper renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lazar
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Parker CC, Chen H, Flagel SB, Geurts AM, Richards JB, Robinson TE, Solberg Woods LC, Palmer AA. Rats are the smart choice: Rationale for a renewed focus on rats in behavioral genetics. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt B:250-8. [PMID: 23791960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due in part to their rich behavioral repertoire rats have been widely used in behavioral studies of drug abuse-related traits for decades. However, the mouse became the model of choice for researchers exploring the genetic underpinnings of addiction after the first mouse study was published demonstrating the capability of engineering the mouse genome through embryonic stem cell technology. The sequencing of the mouse genome and more recent re-sequencing of numerous inbred mouse strains have further cemented the status of mice as the premier mammalian organism for genetic studies. As a result, many of the behavioral paradigms initially developed and optimized for rats have been adapted to mice. However, numerous complex and interesting drug abuse-related behaviors that can be studied in rats are very difficult or impossible to adapt for use in mice, impeding the genetic dissection of those traits. Now, technological advances have removed many of the historical limitations of genetic studies in rats. For instance, the rat genome has been sequenced and many inbred rat strains are now being re-sequenced and outbred rat stocks are being used to fine-map QTLs. In addition, it is now possible to create "knockout" rats using zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and related techniques. Thus, rats can now be used to perform quantitative genetic studies of sophisticated behaviors that have been difficult or impossible to study in mice. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa C Parker
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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