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Kureel SK, Blair B, Sheetz MP. Recent Advancement in Elimination Strategies and Potential Rejuvenation Targets of Senescence. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300461. [PMID: 37857532 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of exiting the cell cycle, resisting apoptosis, and changing phenotype. Senescent cells (SCs) can be identified by large, distorted morphology and irreversible inability to replicate. In early development, senescence has beneficial roles like tissue patterning and wound healing, where SCs are cleared by the immune system. However, there is a steep rise in SC number as organisms age. The issue with SC accumulation stems from the loss of cellular function, alterations of the microenvironment, and secretions of pro-inflammatory molecules, consisting of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukins, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated molecules. This secreted cocktail is referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a hallmark of cellular senescence. The SASP promotes inflammation and displays a bystander effect where paracrine signaling turns proliferating cells into senescent states. To alleviate age-associated diseases, researchers have developed novel methods and techniques to selectively eliminate SCs in aged individuals. Although studies demonstrated that selectively killing SCs improves age-related disorders, there are drawbacks to SC removal. Considering favorable aspects of senescence in the body, this paper reviews recent advancements in elimination strategies and potential rejuvenation targets of senescence to bring researchers in the field up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Kureel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Brandon Blair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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2
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Kawakami Y, Hambright WS, Takayama K, Mu X, Lu A, Cummins JH, Matsumoto T, Yurube T, Kuroda R, Kurosaka M, Fu FH, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ, Huard J. Rapamycin Rescues Age-Related Changes in Muscle-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells from Progeroid Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 14:64-76. [PMID: 31312666 PMCID: PMC6610712 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related loss of adult stem cell function contributes to impaired tissue regeneration. Mice deficient in zinc metalloproteinase STE24 (Zmpste24−/−) exhibit premature age-related musculoskeletal pathologies similar to those observed in children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). We have reported that muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) isolated from Zmpste24−/− mice are defective in their proliferation and differentiation capabilities in culture and during tissue regeneration. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates cell growth, and inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway extends the lifespan of several animal species. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of mTORC1 signaling would rescue the differentiation defects observed in progeroid MDSPCs. MDSPCs were isolated from Zmpste24−/− mice, and the effects of mTORC1 on MDSPC differentiation and function were examined. We found that mTORC1 signaling was increased in senescent Zmpste24−/− MDSPCs, along with impaired chondrogenic, osteogenic, and myogenic differentiation capacity versus wild-type MDSPCs. Interestingly, we observed that mTORC1 inhibition with rapamycin improved myogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and reduced levels of apoptosis and senescence in Zmpste24−/− MDSPCs. Our results demonstrate that age-related adult stem/progenitor cell dysfunction contributes to impaired regenerative capacities and that mTORC1 inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for improving differentiation capacities of senescent stem and muscle progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kawakami
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - William S Hambright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Koji Takayama
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Xiaodong Mu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - James H Cummins
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Yurube
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Freddie H Fu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute on Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute on Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
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3
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Messner M, Ghadge SK, Schuetz T, Seiringer H, Pölzl G, Zaruba MM. High Body Mass Index is Associated with Elevated Blood Levels of Progerin mRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081976. [PMID: 31018503 PMCID: PMC6515652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a well-described risk factor resulting in premature aging of the cardiovascular system ultimately limiting longevity. Premature cardiac death and aging is the hallmark of Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (HGPS), a disease caused by defined mutations in the lamin A gene leading to a shortened prelamin A protein known as progerin. Since small amounts of progerin are expressed in healthy individuals we aimed to investigate the association of Body-Mass-Index (BMI) with respect to expression of progerin mRNA in blood samples of patient with known cardiovascular disease. In this cross-sectional retrospective analysis, 111 patients were consecutively included of which 46 were normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 65 overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). Blood samples were analyzed for quantitative expression of progerin mRNA. Progerin as well as high-sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) levels were significantly upregulated in the overweight group. Linear regression analyses showed a significant positive correlation of BMI and progerin mRNA (n = 111; r = 0.265, p = 0.005), as well as for hs-CRP (n = 110; r = 0.300, p = 0.001) and for Hb1Ac (n = 110; r = 0.336, p = 0.0003). Our data suggest that BMI strongly correlates with progerin mRNA expression and inflammation. Progerin might contribute to well described accelerated biologic aging in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Messner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Santhosh Kumar Ghadge
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Thomas Schuetz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Herbert Seiringer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Pölzl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Marc-Michael Zaruba
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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4
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Kim C, Park JM, Song Y, Kim S, Moon J. HIF1α-mediated AIMP3 suppression delays stem cell aging via the induction of autophagy. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12909. [PMID: 30706629 PMCID: PMC6413650 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence in stem cells, which occurs as a consequence of chronic responses to the environment, defines the capacity of stem cells for proliferation and differentiation as well as their potential for tissue regeneration and homeostasis maintenance. Although stem cells reside under low oxygen pressure and the availability of oxygen is known to be a crucial determinant in their fate, the key modulators in stem cell aging and the underlying mechanism have yet to be unraveled. Human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hpMSCs) were cultured under hypoxia (3% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) to investigate the key factors that regulate stem cell senescence under hypoxic conditions. RNA sequencing results suggested that the expression of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase‐interacting multifunctional protein 3 (AIMP3, EEF1E1), an aging inducer, in the hpMSCs was dramatically repressed under hypoxia with concurrent suppression of the aging marker p16INK4a. The hpMSCs that overexpressed AIMP3 under hypoxic conditions displayed significantly decreased proliferation and fewer stem cell characteristics, whereas the downregulation of AIMP3 ameliorated the age‐related senescence of MSCs. Consistent with the results of the hpMSCs, MSCs isolated from the adipose tissue of AIMP3‐overexpressing mice exhibited decreased stem cell functions. Interestingly, AIMP3‐induced senescence is negatively regulated by hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and positively regulated by Notch3. Furthermore, we showed that AIMP3 enhanced mitochondrial respiration and suppressed autophagic activity, indicating that the AIMP3‐associated modulation of metabolism and autophagy is a key mechanism in the senescence of stem cells and further suggesting a novel target for interventions against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science; CHA University; Pocheon-si Korea
| | - Ji-Min Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science; CHA University; Pocheon-si Korea
| | - Youngsook Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science; CHA University; Pocheon-si Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Technology; Seoul National University; Suwon Korea
| | - Jisook Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science; CHA University; Pocheon-si Korea
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5
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Wiśniewska M, Janczarek I, Piwczyński D. The Aging Phenomenon of Horses With Reference to Human–Horse Relations. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Tan P, Wang H, Zhan J, Ma X, Cui X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhong J, Liu Y. Rapamycin‑induced miR‑30a downregulation inhibits senescence of VSMCs by targeting Beclin1. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1311-1320. [PMID: 30747228 PMCID: PMC6365076 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular senescence is considered to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of rapamycin on miR‑30a and its relationship with autophagy and senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Young and aging VSMCs were treated with rapamycin or transfected with miR‑30a mimics. Measurement of cellular senescence was conducted using senescence‑associated (SA)‑β‑Galactosidase (gal) staining. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm binding for miR‑30a and Beclin1. The expression levels of miR‑30a and Beclin1 were determined with reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Autophagy‑related protein levels were determined using immunofluorescence or western blot assays. The results demonstrated that rapamycin treatment significantly decreased miR‑30a expression and increased Beclin1 expression in both young and aging cells, as well as promoted autophagy in VSMCs. In addition, rapamycin inhibited senescence in VSMCs and could also alleviate the aging VSMC cycle arrest. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR‑30a could directly bind the 3'untranslated region of Beclin1 and inhibit its expression. Furthermore, miR‑30a inhibited autophagy and promoted senescence of VSMCs. In conclusion, the present results indicated that rapamycin could inhibit the senescence of VSMCs by downregulating miR‑30a, which resulted in upregulation of Beclin1 and activation of autophagy. The current study is the first to demonstrate an inhibitory role of rapamycin on VSMC senescence and might provide novel insights and potential new molecular targets in senescence treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Haiqin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Junkun Zhan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xingjun Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Youshuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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7
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Zhou X, Sen I, Lin XX, Riedel CG. Regulation of Age-related Decline by Transcription Factors and Their Crosstalk with the Epigenome. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:464-482. [PMID: 30258277 PMCID: PMC6128382 DOI: 10.2174/1389202919666180503125850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon, where damage accumulation, increasing deregulation of biological pathways, and loss of cellular homeostasis lead to the decline of organismal functions over time. Interestingly, aging is not entirely a stochastic process and progressing at a constant rate, but it is subject to extensive regulation, in the hands of an elaborate and highly interconnected signaling network. This network can integrate a variety of aging-regulatory stimuli, i.e. fertility, nutrient availability, or diverse stresses, and relay them via signaling cascades into gene regulatory events - mostly of genes that confer stress resistance and thus help protect from damage accumulation and homeostasis loss. Transcription factors have long been perceived as the pivotal nodes in this network. Yet, it is well known that the epigenome substantially influences eukaryotic gene regulation, too. A growing body of work has recently underscored the importance of the epigenome also during aging, where it not only undergoes drastic age-dependent changes but also actively influences the aging process. In this review, we introduce the major signaling pathways that regulate age-related decline and discuss the synergy between transcriptional regulation and the epigenetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian G. Riedel
- Address correspondence to this author at the Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 6, Novum, 7 floor Huddinge, Stockholm 14157, Sweden; Tel: +46-736707008; E-mail:
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8
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Takayama K, Kawakami Y, Lavasani M, Mu X, Cummins JH, Yurube T, Kuroda R, Kurosaka M, Fu FH, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ, Huard J. mTOR signaling plays a critical role in the defects observed in muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells isolated from a murine model of accelerated aging. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1375-1382. [PMID: 27572850 PMCID: PMC5516198 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mice expressing reduced levels of ERCC1-XPF (Ercc1-/Δ mice) demonstrate premature onset of age-related changes due to decreased repair of DNA damage. Muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) isolated from Ercc1-/Δ mice have an impaired capacity for cell differentiation. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a critical regulator of cell growth in response to nutrient, hormone, and oxygen levels. Inhibition of the mTOR pathway extends the lifespan of several species. Here, we examined the role of mTOR in regulating the MDSPC dysfunction that occurs with accelerated aging. We show that mTOR signaling pathways are activated in Ercc1-/Δ MDSPCs compared with wild-type (WT) MDSPCs. Additionally, inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin promoted autophagy and improved the myogenic differentiation capacity of the Ercc1-/Δ MDSPCs. The percent of apoptotic and senescent cells in Ercc1-/Δ MDSPC cultures was decreased upon mTOR inhibition. These results establish that mTOR signaling contributes to stem cell dysfunction and cell fate decisions in response to endogenous DNA damage. Therefore, mTOR represents a potential therapeutic target for improving defective, aged stem cells. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:1375-1382, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takayama
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213Pennsylvania,Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15219Pennsylvania,Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe 650‐0017Japan
| | - Yohei Kawakami
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213Pennsylvania,Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15219Pennsylvania,Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe 650‐0017Japan
| | - Mitra Lavasani
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213Pennsylvania,Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15219Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaodong Mu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213Pennsylvania,Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15219Pennsylvania,Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonSouth Campus Research Building #3, 1881 East Rd (3SCR) 6th Floor; Room 3708Houston 77054Texas,Center for Regenerative Sports MedicineSteadman Philippon Research InstituteVail 81657Colorado
| | - James H. Cummins
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213Pennsylvania,Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15219Pennsylvania,Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonSouth Campus Research Building #3, 1881 East Rd (3SCR) 6th Floor; Room 3708Houston 77054Texas
| | - Takashi Yurube
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213Pennsylvania
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe 650‐0017Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe 650‐0017Japan
| | - Freddie H. Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213Pennsylvania
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- Department of Metabolism and AgingThe Scripps Research Institute FloridaJupiter 33458Florida
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Department of Metabolism and AgingThe Scripps Research Institute FloridaJupiter 33458Florida
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213Pennsylvania,Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15219Pennsylvania,Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonSouth Campus Research Building #3, 1881 East Rd (3SCR) 6th Floor; Room 3708Houston 77054Texas,Center for Regenerative Sports MedicineSteadman Philippon Research InstituteVail 81657Colorado
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Ribas J, Zhang YS, Pitrez PR, Leijten J, Miscuglio M, Rouwkema J, Dokmeci MR, Nissan X, Ferreira L, Khademhosseini A. Biomechanical Strain Exacerbates Inflammation on a Progeria-on-a-Chip Model. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:10.1002/smll.201603737. [PMID: 28211642 PMCID: PMC5545787 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip platforms seek to recapitulate the complex microenvironment of human organs using miniaturized microfluidic devices. Besides modeling healthy organs, these devices have been used to model diseases, yielding new insights into pathophysiology. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a premature aging disease showing accelerated vascular aging, leading to the death of patients due to cardiovascular diseases. HGPS targets primarily vascular cells, which reside in mechanically active tissues. Here, a progeria-on-a-chip model is developed and the effects of biomechanical strain are examined in the context of vascular aging and disease. Physiological strain induces a contractile phenotype in primary smooth muscle cells (SMCs), while a pathological strain induces a hypertensive phenotype similar to that of angiotensin II treatment. Interestingly, SMCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells of HGPS donors (HGPS iPS-SMCs), but not from healthy donors, show an exacerbated inflammatory response to strain. In particular, increased levels of inflammation markers as well as DNA damage are observed. Pharmacological intervention reverses the strain-induced damage by shifting gene expression profile away from inflammation. The progeria-on-a-chip is a relevant platform to study biomechanics in vascular biology, particularly in the setting of vascular disease and aging, while simultaneously facilitating the discovery of new drugs and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ribas
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrícia R. Pitrez
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Miscuglio
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xavier Nissan
- INSERM U861, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Evry Cedex 91030, France
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10
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Gordeev SA, Bykova TV, Zubova SG, Bystrova OA, Martynova MG, Pospelov VA, Pospelova TV. mTOR kinase inhibitor pp242 causes mitophagy terminated by apoptotic cell death in E1A-Ras transformed cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44905-26. [PMID: 26636543 PMCID: PMC4792600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR is a critical target for controlling cell cycle progression, senescence and cell death in mammalian cancer cells. Here we studied the role of mTOR-dependent autophagy in implementating the antiprolifrative effect of mTORC1-specific inhibitor rapamycin and ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitor pp242. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of pp242- and rapamycin-induced autophagy in ERas tumor cells. Rapamycin exerts cytostatic effect on ERas tumor cells, thus causing a temporary and reversible cell cycle arrest, activation of non-selective autophagy not accompanied by cell death. The rapamycin-treated cells are able to continue proliferation after drug removal. The ATP-competitive mTORC1/mTORC2 kinase inhibitor pp242 is highly cytotoxic by suppressing the function of mTORC1-4EBP1 axis and mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of mTORC1 target--ULK1-Ser757 (Atg1). In contrast to rapamycin, pp242 activates the selective autophagy targeting mitochondria (mitophagy). The pp242-induced mitophagy is accompanied by accumulation of LC3 and conversion of LC3-I form to LC3-II. However reduced degradation of p62/SQSTM indicates abnormal flux of autophagic process. According to transmission electron microscopy data, short-term pp242-treated ERas cells exhibit numerous heavily damaged mitochondria, which are included in single membrane-bound autophagic/autolysophagic vacuoles (mitophagy). Despite the lack of typical for apoptosis features, ERas-treated cells with induced mitophagy revealed the activation of caspase 3, 9 and nucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Thus, pp242 activates autophagy with suppressed later stages, leading to impaired recycling and accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and cell death. Better understanding of how autophagy determines the fate of a cell--survival or cell death, can help to development of new strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei A Gordeev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Bykova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana G Zubova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga A Bystrova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina G Martynova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valery A Pospelov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Aliper AM, Csoka AB, Buzdin A, Jetka T, Roumiantsev S, Moskalev A, Zhavoronkov A. Signaling pathway activation drift during aging: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome fibroblasts are comparable to normal middle-age and old-age cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:26-37. [PMID: 25587796 PMCID: PMC4350323 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
For the past several decades, research in understanding the molecular basis of human aging has progressed significantly with the analysis of premature aging syndromes. Progerin, an altered form of lamin A, has been identified as the cause of premature aging in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), and may be a contributing causative factor in normal aging. However, the question of whether HGPS actually recapitulates the normal aging process at the cellular and organismal level, or simply mimics the aging phenotype is widely debated. In the present study we analyzed publicly available microarray datasets for fibroblasts undergoing cellular aging in culture, as well as fibroblasts derived from young, middle-age, and old-age individuals, and patients with HGPS. Using GeroScope pathway analysis and drug discovery platform we analyzed the activation states of 65 major cellular signaling pathways. Our analysis reveals that signaling pathway activation states in cells derived from chronologically young patients with HGPS strongly resemble cells taken from normal middle-aged and old individuals. This clearly indicates that HGPS may truly represent accelerated aging, rather than being just a simulacrum. Our data also points to potential pathways that could be targeted to develop drugs and drug combinations for both HGPS and normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Aliper
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, ETC, B301, MD 21218, USA.,Federal Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonei Benjamin Csoka
- Vision Genomics LLC, Washington DC 20011, USA.,Epigenetics Laboratory, Dept. of Anatomy, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, USA
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, ETC, B301, MD 21218, USA.,Pathway Pharmaceuticals, Limited, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
| | - Tomasz Jetka
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergey Roumiantsev
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, ETC, B301, MD 21218, USA.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Alexy Moskalev
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, ETC, B301, MD 21218, USA.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Johns Hopkins University, ETC, B301, MD 21218, USA.,Federal Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,The Biotechnology Research Foundation, BGRF, London W1J 5NE, UK
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12
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Seco-Cervera M, Spis M, García-Giménez JL, Ibañez-Cabellos JS, Velázquez-Ledesma A, Esmorís I, Bañuls S, Pérez-Machado G, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress and antioxidant response in fibroblasts from Werner and atypical Werner syndromes. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:231-45. [PMID: 24799429 PMCID: PMC4012939 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Werner Syndrome (WS, ICD-10 E34.8, ORPHA902) and Atypical Werner Syndrome (AWS, ICD-10 E34.8, ORPHA79474) are very rare inherited syndromes characterized by premature aging. While approximately 90% of WS individuals have any of a range of mutations in the WRN gene, there exists a clinical subgroup in which the mutation occurs in the LMNA/C gene in heterozygosity. Although both syndromes exhibit an age-related pleiotropic phenotype, AWS manifests the onset of the disease during childhood, while major symptoms in WS appear between the ages of 20 and 30. To study the molecular mechanisms of progeroid diseases provides a useful insight into the normal aging process. Main changes found were the decrease in Cu/Zn and Mn SOD activities in the three cell lines. In AWS, both mRNA SOD and protein levels were also decreased. Catalase and glutathione peroxidases decrease, mainly in AWS. Glutaredoxin (Grx) and thioredoxin (Trx) protein expression was lower in the three progeroid cell lines. Grx and Trx were subjected to post-transcriptional regulation, because protein expression was reduced although mRNA levels were not greatly affected in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Seco-Cervera
- CIBERER. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Federico V Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Medicine School, University of Valencia, Valencia. Spain
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13
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Piano A, Titorenko VI. The Intricate Interplay between Mechanisms Underlying Aging and Cancer. Aging Dis 2015; 6:56-75. [PMID: 25657853 PMCID: PMC4306474 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the major risk factor in the incidence of cancer, a hyperplastic disease associated with aging. Here, we discuss the complex interplay between mechanisms underlying aging and cancer as a reciprocal relationship. This relationship progresses with organismal age, follows the history of cell proliferation and senescence, is driven by common or antagonistic causes underlying aging and cancer in an age-dependent fashion, and is maintained via age-related convergent and divergent mechanisms. We summarize our knowledge of these mechanisms, outline the most important unanswered questions and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Although Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) was one of the first human cancers to be cured by chemotherapy, no new agents other than brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®, CD 30 directed antibody drug conjugate) have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for HL since 1977. Subsets of young adult patients with HL continue to relapse, even after stem cell transplantation, warranting new approaches. Against this background, we report a dramatic response in a young patient with advanced HL refractory to the standard treatment who responded to the combination of a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (vorinostat, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor therapy (sirolimus,rapamume). In-depth immunohistochemical and morphoproteomic analyses of this exceptional responder to targeted therapy have yielded potential insights into the biology of advanced HL. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a commonly activated pathway in multiple tumor types including HL. The patient was treated using therapy based on mechanistic in vitro data demonstrating that combined histone deacetylase (HDAC) and mTOR inhibition act together on this pathway, resulting in inhibition of reciprocal feedback networks, leading to better anti-proliferative activity. The in vivo response signature from this patient's tissue sample sheds light on immune dysregulation in HL. We describe the response signature achieved from targeting immune dysregulation in addition to targeting the key oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We also expand on the role of rapamycin analogs in oncology. This study supports a role for an immune-type pathogenesis that is amenable to immune modulating targeted therapy in refractory HL. SIGNIFICANCE We report an exceptional responder to molecularly targeted and immune modulator therapy in advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma. The morphoproteomic/morphometric findings in this "unusual responder" patient's relapsed HL that correlate best, as a response signature with the subsequent clinical remission following rapamycin (sirolimus) and vorinostat (SAHA) therapies, center on an immune dysregulation involving an imbalance between effector and functional T regulatory cells in addition to targeting the mTOR pathway. This underscores the need for an approach illustrated in our study--namely of focusing on pathogenetic mechanisms and combinatorial therapies that target both the pathogenesis and adaptive responses to contemplated therapies.
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15
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Infante A, Gago A, de Eguino GR, Calvo-Fernández T, Gómez-Vallejo V, Llop J, Schlangen K, Fullaondo A, Aransay AM, Martín A, Rodríguez CI. Prelamin A accumulation and stress conditions induce impaired Oct-1 activity and autophagy in prematurely aged human mesenchymal stem cell. Aging (Albany NY) 2014; 6:264-80. [PMID: 24753226 PMCID: PMC4032794 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging, a time-dependent functional decline of biological processes, is the primary risk factor in developing diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular or degenerative diseases. There is a real need to understand the human aging process in order to increase the length of disease-free life, also known as "health span". Accumulation of progerin and prelamin A are the hallmark of a group of premature aging diseases but have also been found during normal cellular aging strongly suggesting similar mechanisms between healthy aging and LMNA-linked progeroid syndromes. How this toxic accumulation contributes to aging (physiological or pathological) remains unclear. Since affected tissues in age-associated disorders and in pathological aging are mainly of mesenchymal origin we propose a model of human aging based on mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) which accumulate prelamin A. We demonstrate that prelamin A-accumulating hMSCs have a premature aging phenotype which affects their functional competence in vivo. The combination of prelamin A accumulation and stress conditions enhance the aging phenotype by dysregulating the activity of the octamer binding protein Oct-1This experimental model has been fundamental to identify a new role for Oct-1 in hMSCs aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Infante
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
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16
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Liu J, Yin X, Liu B, Zheng H, Zhou G, Gong L, Li M, Li X, Wang Y, Hu J, Krishnan V, Zhou Z, Wang Z. HP1α mediates defective heterochromatin repair and accelerates senescence in Zmpste24-deficient cells. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1237-47. [PMID: 24584199 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) interacts with various proteins, including lamins, to play versatile functions within nuclei, such as chromatin remodeling and DNA repair. Accumulation of prelamin A leads to misshapen nuclei, heterochromatin disorganization, genomic instability, and premature aging in Zmpste24-null mice. Here, we investigated the effects of prelamin A on HP1α homeostasis, subcellular distribution, phosphorylation, and their contribution to accelerated senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Zmpste24(-/-) mice. The results showed that the level of HP1α was significantly increased in Zmpste24(-/-) cells. Although prelamin A interacted with HP1α in a manner similar to lamin A, HP1α associated with the nuclease-resistant nuclear matrix fraction was remarkably increased in Zmpste24(-/-) MEFs compared with that in wild-type littermate controls. In wild-type cells, HP1α was phosphorylated at Thr50, and the phosphorylation was maximized around 30 min, gradually dispersed 2 h after DNA damage induced by camptothecin. However, the peak of HP1α phosphorylation was significantly compromised and appeared until 2 h, which is correlated with the delayed maximal formation of γ-H2AX foci in Zmpste24(-/-) MEFs. Furthermore, knocking down HP1α by siRNA alleviated the delayed DNA damage response and accelerated senescence in Zmpste24(-/-) MEFs, evidenced by the rescue of the delayed γ-H2AX foci formation, downregulation of p16, and reduction of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Taken together, these findings establish a functional link between prelamin A, HP1α, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and early senescence in Zmpste24-deficient mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for laminopathy-based premature aging via the intervention of HP1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Yin
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China; Deparment of Biochemistry; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical College; Dong-guan, China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Gong
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Youya Wang
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
| | - Vaidehi Krishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Deparment of Biochemistry; LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zimei Wang
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Health Science Center; Shenzhen University, P.R. China
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17
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Kieran MW, Gordon LB, Kleinman ME. The role of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib in the treatment of Progeria. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2013. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2014.872028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Starke S, Meinke P, Camozzi D, Mattioli E, Pfaeffle R, Siekmeyer M, Hirsch W, Horn LC, Paasch U, Mitter D, Lattanzi G, Wehnert M, Kiess W. Progeroid laminopathy with restrictive dermopathy-like features caused by an isodisomic LMNA mutation p.R435C. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:445-59. [PMID: 23804595 PMCID: PMC3824411 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The clinical course of a female patient affected by a progeroid syndrome with Restrictive Dermopathy (RD)-like features was followed up. Besides missing hairiness, stagnating weight and growth, RD-like features including progressive skin swelling and solidification, acrocontractures, osteolysis and muscular hypotension were observed until the patient died at the age of 11 months. A homozygous LMNA mutation c.1303C>T (p.R435C) was found by Sanger sequencing. Haplotyping revealed a partial uniparental disomy of chromosome 1 (1q21.3 to 1q23.1) including the LMNA gene. In contrast to reported RD patients with LMNA mutations, LMNA p.R435C is not located at the cleavage site necessary for processing of prelamin A by ZMPSTE24 and leads to a distinct phenotype combining clinical features of Restrictive Dermopathy, Mandibuloacral Dysplasia and Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria. Functionally, LMNA p.R435C is associated with increasing DNA double strand breaks and decreased recruitment of P53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) to DNA-damage sites indicating delayed DNA repair. The follow-up of the complete clinical course in the patient combined with functional studies showed for the first time that a progressive loss of lamin A rather than abnormal accumulation of prelamin A species could be a pathophysiological mechanism in progeroid laminopathies, which leads to DNA repair deficiency accompanied by advancing tissue degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Starke
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Pediatric Research, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. ‐leipzig.de
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19
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Panganiban RAM, Day RM. Inhibition of IGF-1R prevents ionizing radiation-induced primary endothelial cell senescence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78589. [PMID: 24205274 PMCID: PMC3813482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerated senescence is a primary response to cellular stresses including DNA damaging agents (e.g., ionizing radiation) and is widely believed to be caused by continuous proliferative signaling in the presence of cell cycle arrest. Studies of signal transduction pathways leading to accelerated senescence have revealed that inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by rapamycin rescues cells from senescence. However, the molecular mechanisms upstream of mTOR following ionizing radiation (IR) are not well defined. We investigated signal transduction leading to IR-induced accelerated senescence in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC). Exposure of HPAEC to X-rays (10 Gy, 2.4 Gy/min) upregulated senescence markers including p53, p21/waf1, and senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SA-β-gal). Ly294002 (a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase [PI3K] inhibitor) or rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) blocked the induction of cellular senescence markers suggesting roles for PI3K and mTOR. Pathway-directed microarrays revealed increased transcription of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), a modulator of cell growth and proliferation upstream of mTOR. qRT-PCR confirmed that both IGF-1 and IGF-2 mRNA were increased in response to X-rays, and ELISA showed increased secretion of IGF-1 protein into the medium of irradiated HPAEC. Consistent with upregulation of these ligands, we found that X-ray exposure led to hyperphosphorylation of IGF-1R, the receptor for IGF-1 and -2. Treatment with AG1024, an IGF-1R inhibitor, suppressed IR-induced upregulation of p53, p21/waf1, and SA-β-gal. Together these findings suggest that IGF-1R is a key regulator of IR-induced accelerated senescence in a pathway that requires intact mTOR activity upstream of both p53 and p21/waf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Allan M. Panganiban
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Galat A. Functional diversity and pharmacological profiles of the FKBPs and their complexes with small natural ligands. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3243-75. [PMID: 23224428 PMCID: PMC11113493 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
From 5 to 12 FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) are encoded in the genomes of disparate marine organisms, which appeared at the dawn of evolutionary events giving rise to primordial multicellular organisms with elaborated internal body plan. Fifteen FKBPs, several FKBP-like proteins and some splicing variants of them are expressed in humans. Human FKBP12 and some of its paralogues bind to different macrocyclic antibiotics such as FK506 or rapamycin and their derivatives. FKBP12/(macrocyclic antibiotic) complexes induce diverse pharmacological activities such as immunosuppression in humans, anticancerous actions and as sustainers of quiescence in certain organisms. Since the FKBPs bind to various assemblies of proteins and other intracellular components, their complexes with the immunosuppressive drugs may differentially perturb miscellaneous cellular functions. Sequence-structure relationships and pharmacological profiles of diverse FKBPs and their involvement in crucial intracellular signalization pathways and modulation of cryptic intercellular communication networks were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Galat
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Bat. 152, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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21
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Menendez JA, Joven J. One-carbon metabolism: an aging-cancer crossroad for the gerosuppressant metformin. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 4:894-8. [PMID: 23525940 PMCID: PMC3708048 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gerosuppressant metformin operates as an efficient inhibitor of the mTOR/S6K1 gerogenic pathway due to its ability to ultimately activate the energy-sensor AMPK. If an aging-related decline in the AMPK sensitivity to cellular stress is a crucial event for mTOR-driven aging and aging-related diseases, including cancer, unraveling new proximal causes through which AMPK activation endows its gerosuppressive effects may offer not only a better understanding of metformin function but also the likely possibility of repositioning our existing gerosuppressant drugs. Here we provide our perspective on recent findings suggesting that de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides, which is based on the metabolism of one-carbon compounds, is a new target for metformin's actions at the crossroads of aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona), Girona, Spain.
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22
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Hydrogen sulfide restores a normal morphological phenotype in Werner syndrome fibroblasts, attenuates oxidative damage and modulates mTOR pathway. Pharmacol Res 2013; 74:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Mechanisms of radiation toxicity in transformed and non-transformed cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15931-58. [PMID: 23912235 PMCID: PMC3759894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation damage to biological systems is determined by the type of radiation, the total dosage of exposure, the dose rate, and the region of the body exposed. Three modes of cell death—necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy—as well as accelerated senescence have been demonstrated to occur in vitro and in vivo in response to radiation in cancer cells as well as in normal cells. The basis for cellular selection for each mode depends on various factors including the specific cell type involved, the dose of radiation absorbed by the cell, and whether it is proliferating and/or transformed. Here we review the signaling mechanisms activated by radiation for the induction of toxicity in transformed and normal cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of radiation toxicity is critical for the development of radiation countermeasures as well as for the improvement of clinical radiation in cancer treatment.
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24
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Haines DD, Juhasz B, Tosaki A. Management of multicellular senescence and oxidative stress. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:936-57. [PMID: 23789967 PMCID: PMC3780549 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressively sophisticated understanding of cellular and molecular processes that contribute to age-related physical deterioration is being gained from ongoing research into cancer, chronic inflammatory syndromes and other serious disorders that increase with age. Particularly valuable insight has resulted from characterization of how senescent cells affect the tissues in which they form in ways that decrease an organism's overall viability. Increasingly, the underlying pathophysiology of ageing is recognized as a consequence of oxidative damage. This leads to hyperactivity of cell growth pathways, prominently including mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), that contribute to a build-up in cells of toxic aggregates such as progerin (a mutant nuclear cytoskeletal protein), lipofuscin and other cellular debris, triggering formation of senescent cellular phenotypes, which interact destructively with surrounding tissue. Indeed, senescent cell ablation dramatically inhibits physical deterioration in progeroid (age-accelerated) mice. This review explores ways in which oxidative stress creates ageing-associated cellular damage and triggers induction of the cell death/survival programs' apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and 'necroapoptophagy'. The concept of 'necroapoptophagy' is presented here as a strategy for varying tissue oxidative stress intensity in ways that induce differential activation of death versus survival programs, resulting in enhanced and sustained representation of healthy functional cells. These strategies are discussed in the context of specialized mesenchymal stromal cells with the potential to synergize with telocytes in stabilizing engrafted progenitor cells, thereby extending periods of healthy life. Information and concepts are summarized in a hypothetical approach to suppressing whole-organism senescence, with methods drawn from emerging understandings of ageing, gained from Cnidarians (jellyfish, corals and anemones) that undergo a unique form of cellular regeneration, potentially conferring open-ended lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Haines
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health and Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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25
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Blagosklonny MV. MTOR-driven quasi-programmed aging as a disposable soma theory: blind watchmaker vs. intelligent designer. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1842-7. [PMID: 23708516 PMCID: PMC3735698 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
If life were created by intelligent design, we would indeed age from accumulation of molecular damage. Repair is costly and limited by energetic resources, and we would allocate resources rationally. But, albeit elegant, this design is fictional. Instead, nature blindly selects for short-term benefits of robust developmental growth. "Quasi-programmed" by the blind watchmaker, aging is a wasteful and aimless continuation of developmental growth, driven by nutrient-sensing, growth-promoting signaling pathways such as MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin). A continuous post-developmental activity of such gerogenic pathways leads to hyperfunctions (aging), loss of homeostasis, age-related diseases, non-random organ damage and death. This model is consistent with a view that (1) soma is disposable, (2) aging and menopause are not programmed and (3) accumulation of random molecular damage is not a cause of aging as we know it.
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26
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Siu CW, Lee YK, Ho JCY, Lai WH, Chan YC, Ng KM, Wong LY, Au KW, Lau YM, Zhang J, Lay KW, Colman A, Tse HF. Modeling of lamin A/C mutation premature cardiac aging using patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 4:803-822. [PMID: 23362510 PMCID: PMC3560431 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We identified an autosomal dominant non-sense mutation (R225X) in exon 4 of the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene in a Chinese family spanning 3 generations with familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In present study, we aim to generate induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from an affected patient with R225X and another patient bearing LMNA frame-shift mutation for drug screening. METHODS and RESULTS Higher prevalence of nuclear bleb formation and micronucleation was present in LMNAR225X/WT and LMNAFramshift/WT iPSC-CMs. Under field electrical stimulation, percentage of LMNA-mutated iPSC-CMs exhibiting nuclear senescence and cellular apoptosis markedly increased. shRNA knockdown of LMNA replicated those phenotypes of the mutated LMNA field electrical stress. Pharmacological blockade of ERK1/2 pathway with MEK1/2 inhibitors, U0126 and selumetinib (AZD6244) significantly attenuated the pro-apoptotic effects of field electric stimulation on the mutated LMNA iPSC-CMs. CONCLUSION LMNA-related DCM was modeled in-vitro using patient-specific iPSC-CMs. Our results demonstrated that haploinsufficiency due to R225X LMNA non-sense mutation was associated with accelerated nuclear senescence and apoptosis of iPSC- CMs under electrical stimulation, which can be significantly attenuated by therapeutic blockade of stress-related ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wah Siu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 but not N-acetylcysteine reverses aging-related biomarkers in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 4:686-94. [PMID: 23104863 PMCID: PMC3517939 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although antioxidants have been repeatedly tested in animal models and clinical studies, there is no evidence that antioxidants reduce already developed age-related decline. Recently we demonstrated that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant 10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) delayed some manifestations of aging. Here we compared effects of SkQ1 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on age-dependent decline in blood levels of leukocytes, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Wistar and senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. When started late in life, supplementation with SkQ1 not only prevented age-related decline but also significantly reversed it. With NAC, all the observed effects were of the lower magnitude compared with SkQ1 (in spite of that dose of NAC was 16000 times higher). We suggest that supplementation with low doses of SkQ1 is a promising intervention to achieve a healthy ageing.
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Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, LaHair MM, Montalto G, Cervello M, Martelli AM, Nicoletti F, Candido S, Libra M, Polesel J, Talamini R, Milella M, Tafuri A, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Ectopic NGAL expression can alter sensitivity of breast cancer cells to EGFR, Bcl-2, CaM-K inhibitors and the plant natural product berberine. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4447-61. [PMID: 23159854 PMCID: PMC3552927 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, a.k.a Lnc2) is a member of the lipocalin family and has diverse roles. NGAL can stabilize matrix metalloproteinase-9 from autodegradation. NGAL is considered as a siderocalin that is important in the transport of iron. NGAL expression has also been associated with certain neoplasias and is implicated in the metastasis of breast cancer. In a previous study, we examined whether ectopic NGAL expression would alter the sensitivity of breast epithelial, breast and colorectal cancer cells to the effects of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. While abundant NGAL expression was detected in all the cells infected with a retrovirus encoding NGAL, this expression did not alter the sensitivity of these cells to doxorubicin as compared with empty vector-transduced cells. We were also interested in determining the effects of ectopic NGAL expression on the sensitivity to small-molecule inhibitors targeting key signaling molecules. Ectopic NGAL expression increased the sensitivity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to EGFR, Bcl-2 and calmodulin kinase inhibitors as well as the natural plant product berberine. Furthermore, when suboptimal concentrations of certain inhibitors were combined with doxorubicin, a reduction in the doxorubicin IC 50 was frequently observed. An exception was observed when doxorubicin was combined with rapamycin, as doxorubicin suppressed the sensitivity of the NGAL-transduced MCF-7 cells to rapamycin when compared with the empty vector controls. In contrast, changes in the sensitivities of the NGAL-transduced HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line and the breast epithelial MCF-10A cell line were not detected compared with empty vector-transduced cells. Doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/Dox (R) cells were examined in these experiments as a control drug-resistant line; it displayed increased sensitivity to EGFR and Bcl-2 inhibitors compared with empty vector transduced MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that NGAL expression can alter the sensitivity of certain cancer cells to small-molecule inhibitors, suggesting that patients whose tumors exhibit elevated NGAL expression or have become drug-resistant may display altered responses to certain small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Chappell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Richard A. Franklin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Michelle M. LaHair
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties; University of Palermo; Palermo, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”; Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”; Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; Università di Bologna; Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; National Research Council-Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; University of Catania; Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; University of Catania; Catania, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; IRCCS; Aviano, Italy
| | - Renato Talamini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; IRCCS; Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology; University of Rome, Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
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McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Sun L, Davis NM, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, Cocco L, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Martelli AM, Libra M, Candido S, Ligresti G, Malaponte G, Mazzarino MC, Fagone P, Donia M, Nicoletti F, Polesel J, Talamini R, Bäsecke J, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Michele M, Tafuri A, Dulińska-Litewka J, Laidler P, D'Assoro AB, Drobot L, Umezawa D, Montalto G, Cervello M, Demidenko ZN. Advances in targeting signal transduction pathways. Oncotarget 2012; 3:1505-21. [PMID: 23455493 PMCID: PMC3681490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, significant advances have occurred in both our understanding of the complexity of signal transduction pathways as well as the isolation of specific inhibitors which target key components in those pathways. Furthermore critical information is being accrued regarding how genetic mutations can affect the sensitivity of various types of patients to targeted therapy. Finally, genetic mechanisms responsible for the development of resistance after targeted therapy are being discovered which may allow the creation of alternative therapies to overcome resistance. This review will discuss some of the highlights over the past few years on the roles of key signaling pathways in various diseases, the targeting of signal transduction pathways and the genetic mechanisms governing sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA.
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Zhavoronkov A, Smit-McBride Z, Guinan KJ, Litovchenko M, Moskalev A. Potential therapeutic approaches for modulating expression and accumulation of defective lamin A in laminopathies and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:1361-89. [PMID: 23090008 PMCID: PMC3506837 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scientific understanding of the genetic components of aging has increased in recent years, with several genes being identified as playing roles in the aging process and, potentially, longevity. In particular, genes encoding components of the nuclear lamina in eukaryotes have been increasingly well characterized, owing in part to their clinical significance in age-related diseases. This review focuses on one such gene, which encodes lamin A, a key component of the nuclear lamina. Genetic variation in this gene can give rise to lethal, early-onset diseases known as laminopathies. Here, we analyze the literature and conduct computational analyses of lamin A signaling and intracellular interactions in order to examine potential mechanisms for altering or slowing down aberrant Lamin A expression and/or for restoring the ratio of normal to aberrant lamin A. The ultimate goal of such studies is to ameliorate or combat laminopathies and related diseases of aging, and we provide a discussion of current approaches in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zhavoronkov
- Bioinformatics and Medical Information Technology Laboratory, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 119296 Russia
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
| | - Zeljka Smit-McBride
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kieran J. Guinan
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
- BioAtlantis Ltd., Kerry Technology Park, Tralee, County Kerry Ireland
| | - Maria Litovchenko
- Bioinformatics and Medical Information Technology Laboratory, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 119296 Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982 Russia
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Sikora E. Rejuvenation of senescent cells-the road to postponing human aging and age-related disease? Exp Gerontol 2012; 48:661-6. [PMID: 23064316 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the state of permanent inhibition of cell proliferation. Replicative senescence occurs due to the end replication problem and shortening telomeres with each cell division leading to DNA damage response (DDR). The number of short telomeres increases with age and age-related pathologies. Stress induced senescence, although not accompanied by attrition of telomeres, is also attributed to the DDR induced by irreparable DNA lesions in telomeric DNA. Senescent cells characterized by the presence of γH2AX, the common marker of double DNA strand breaks, and other senescence markers including activity of SA-β-gal, accumulate in tissues of aged animals and humans as well as at sites of pathology. It is believed that cellular senescence evolved as a cancer barrier since non-proliferating senescent cells cannot be transformed to neoplastic cells. On the other hand senescent cells favor cancer development, just like other age-related pathologies, by creating a low grade inflammatory state due to senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Reversal/inhibition of cellular senescence could prolong healthy life span, thus many attempts have been undertaken to influence cellular senescence. The two main approaches are genetic and pharmacological/nutritional modifications of cell fate. The first one concerns cell reprogramming by induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which in vitro is effective even in cells undergoing senescence, or derived from very old or progeroid patients. The second approach concerns modification of senescence signaling pathways just like TOR-induced by pharmacological or with natural agents. However, knowing that aging is unavoidable we cannot expect its elimination, but prolonging healthy life span is a goal worth serious consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Aging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, Warsaw, Poland.
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McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Montalto G, Cervello M, Nicoletti F, Fagone P, Malaponte G, Mazzarino MC, Candido S, Libra M, Bäsecke J, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Milella M, Tafuri A, Cocco L, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Martelli AM. Mutations and deregulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades which alter therapy response. Oncotarget 2012; 3:954-87. [PMID: 23006971 PMCID: PMC3660063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades are often activated by genetic alterations in upstream signaling molecules such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Certain components of these pathways, RAS, NF1, BRAF, MEK1, DUSP5, PP2A, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R4, PIK3R5, IRS4, AKT, NFKB1, MTOR, PTEN, TSC1, and TSC2 may also be activated/inactivated by mutations or epigenetic silencing. Upstream mutations in one signaling pathway or even in downstream components of the same pathway can alter the sensitivity of the cells to certain small molecule inhibitors. These pathways have profound effects on proliferative, apoptotic and differentiation pathways. Dysregulation of components of these cascades can contribute to: resistance to other pathway inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, premature aging as well as other diseases. This review will first describe these pathways and discuss how genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations can result in resistance to various inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Macrolide therapy in chronic inflammatory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:636157. [PMID: 22969171 PMCID: PMC3432395 DOI: 10.1155/2012/636157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolides are a group of antibiotics with a distinctive macrocyclic lactone ring combined with sugars (cladinose, desosamine). The action of macrolides is to block protein synthesis by binding to the subunit of 50S ribosome of bacteria. Prototype macrolide was erythromycin, which came into clinical practice in the 50s of the 20th century. Its antimicrobial spectrum covers the scope of the penicillins but is extended to the impact of atypical bacteria. In the 90s more drugs of this group were synthesized—they have less severe side effects than erythromycin, extended spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria. Macrolides are effective in treating mycobacterial infections especially in patients infected with HIV. It is now known that in addition to antibacterial abilities, macrolides have immunomodulatory effects—they inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1, 6, and 8) affect transcription factors (NF-κB) as well as costimulaton (CD 80) and adhesion molecules (ICAM). This review article focused not only on the their antimicrobial abilities but also on efficacy in the treatment of several inflammatory disorders independent of the infectious agent. Their wider use as immunomodulators requires further study, which can lead to an extension of indications for their administration.
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Candelario J, Chen LY, Marjoram P, Reddy S, Comai L. A filtering strategy identifies FOXQ1 as a potential effector of lamin A dysfunction. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4:567-77. [PMID: 22948034 PMCID: PMC3461344 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small increases in the expression of wild-type prelamin A are sufficient to recapitulate the reduced cell proliferation and altered nuclear membrane morphology observed in cells expressing progerin, the mutant lamin A associated with progeria. We hypothesized that the manifestation of these phenotypes in cells expressing elevated levels of wild-type prelamin A or progerin is caused by the same molecular effectors, which play a central role in the onset of the progeroid phenotype. To experimentally test this hypothesis, we compared the transcriptomes of isogenic diploid fibroblasts expressing progerin or elevated levels of wild-type prelamin A with that of wild-type fibroblasts. We subsequently used the reversion towards normal of two phenotypes, reduced cell growth and dismorphic nuclei, by treatment with farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) or overexpression of ZMPSTE24, as a filtering strategy to identify genes linked to the onset of these two phenotypes. Through this analysis we identified the gene encoding for the transcription factor FOXQ1, as a gene whose expression is induced in both cells expressing progerin and elevated levels of wild-type prelamin A, and subsequently reduced in both cell types upon conditions that ameliorate the phenotypes. We overexpressed FOXQ1 in normal fibroblasts and demonstrated that increased levels of this factor lead to the development of both features that were used in the filtering strategy. These findings suggest a potential link between this transcription factor and cell dysfunction induced by altered prelamin A metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Candelario
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- La Jolla Bioengineering Institute, San Diego, CA 9212
| | - Leng-Ying Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Paul Marjoram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Sita Reddy
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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35
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Mercier I, Camacho J, Titchen K, Gonzales DM, Quann K, Bryant KG, Molchansky A, Milliman JN, Whitaker-Menezes D, Sotgia F, Jasmin JF, Schwarting R, Pestell RG, Blagosklonny MV, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 and accelerated host aging in the breast tumor microenvironment: chemoprevention with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor and anti-aging drug. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:278-93. [PMID: 22698676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing chronological age is the most significant risk factor for human cancer development. To examine the effects of host aging on mammary tumor growth, we used caveolin (Cav)-1 knockout mice as a bona fide model of accelerated host aging. Mammary tumor cells were orthotopically implanted into these distinct microenvironments (Cav-1(+/+) versus Cav-1(-/-) age-matched young female mice). Mammary tumors grown in a Cav-1-deficient tumor microenvironment have an increased stromal content, with vimentin-positive myofibroblasts (a marker associated with oxidative stress) that are also positive for S6-kinase activation (a marker associated with aging). Mammary tumors grown in a Cav-1-deficient tumor microenvironment were more than fivefold larger than tumors grown in a wild-type microenvironment. Thus, a Cav-1-deficient tumor microenvironment provides a fertile soil for breast cancer tumor growth. Interestingly, the mammary tumor-promoting effects of a Cav-1-deficient microenvironment were estrogen and progesterone independent. In this context, chemoprevention was achieved by using the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor and anti-aging drug, rapamycin. Systemic rapamycin treatment of mammary tumors grown in a Cav-1-deficient microenvironment significantly inhibited their tumor growth, decreased their stromal content, and reduced the levels of both vimentin and phospho-S6 in Cav-1-deficient cancer-associated fibroblasts. Since stromal loss of Cav-1 is a marker of a lethal tumor microenvironment in breast tumors, these high-risk patients might benefit from treatment with mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin or other rapamycin-related compounds (rapalogues).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Mercier
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a program of irreversible cell cycle arrest that cells undergo in response to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli including progressive shortening of telomeres, changes in telomeric structure or other forms of genotoxic and non-genotoxic stress. The role of nuclear factor-κB in cellular senescence is controversial, as it has been associated with both proliferation and tumour progression, and also with growth arrest and ageing. This research perspective focuses on the evidence for a functional relationship between NF-κB and senescence, and how disruption of the NF-κB pathway can lead to its bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vaughan
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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37
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Genius J, Geiger J, Bender A, Möller HJ, Klopstock T, Rujescu D. Creatine protects against excitoxicity in an in vitro model of neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30554. [PMID: 22347384 PMCID: PMC3275587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine has been shown to be neuroprotective in aging, neurodegenerative conditions and brain injury. As a common molecular background, oxidative stress and disturbed cellular energy homeostasis are key aspects in these conditions. Moreover, in a recent report we could demonstrate a life-enhancing and health-promoting potential of creatine in rodents, mainly due to its neuroprotective action. In order to investigate the underlying pharmacology mediating these mainly neuroprotective properties of creatine, cultured primary embryonal hippocampal and cortical cells were challenged with glutamate or H2O2. In good agreement with our in vivo data, creatine mediated a direct effect on the bioenergetic balance, leading to an enhanced cellular energy charge, thereby acting as a neuroprotectant. Moreover, creatine effectively antagonized the H2O2-induced ATP depletion and the excitotoxic response towards glutamate, while not directly acting as an antioxidant. Additionally, creatine mediated a direct inhibitory action on the NMDA receptor-mediated calcium response, which initiates the excitotoxic cascade. Even excessive concentrations of creatine had no neurotoxic effects, so that high-dose creatine supplementation as a health-promoting agent in specific pathological situations or as a primary prophylactic compound in risk populations seems feasible. In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate that the protective potential of creatine was primarily mediated by its impact on cellular energy metabolism and NMDA receptor function, along with reduced glutamate spillover, oxidative stress and subsequent excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Just Genius
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Geiger
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Bender
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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38
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Driscoll MK, Albanese JL, Xiong ZM, Mailman M, Losert W, Cao K. Automated image analysis of nuclear shape: what can we learn from a prematurely aged cell? Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4:119-32. [PMID: 22354768 PMCID: PMC3314174 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The premature aging disorder, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), is caused by mutant lamin A, which affects the nuclear scaffolding. The phenotypic hallmark of HGPS is nuclear blebbing. Interestingly, similar nuclear blebbing has also been observed in aged cells from healthy individuals. Recent work has shown that treatment with rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway, reduced nuclear blebbing in HGPS fibroblasts. However, the extent of blebbing varies considerably within each cell population, which makes manual blind counting challenging and subjective. Here, we show a novel, automated and high throughput nuclear shape analysis that quantitatively measures curvature, area, perimeter, eccentricity and additional metrics of nuclear morphology for large populations of cells. We examined HGPS fibroblast cells treated with rapamycin and RAD001 (an analog to rapamycin). Our analysis shows that treatment with RAD001 and rapamycin reduces nuclear blebbing, consistent with blind counting controls. In addition, we find that rapamycin treatment reduces the area of the nucleus, but leaves the eccentricity unchanged. Our nuclear shape analysis provides an unbiased, multidimensional "fingerprint" for a population of cells, which can be used to quantify treatment efficacy and analyze cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K. Driscoll
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jason L. Albanese
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zheng-Mei Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Mitch Mailman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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