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Marques D, Moura-Louro D, Silva IP, Matos S, Santos CND, Figueira I. Unlocking the potential of low-molecular-weight (Poly)phenol metabolites: Protectors at the blood-brain barrier frontier. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105836. [PMID: 39151552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are an increasing group of chronic and progressive neurological disorders that ultimately lead to neuronal cell failure and death. Despite all efforts throughout decades, their burden on individuals and society still casts one of the most massive socioeconomic problems worldwide. The neuronal failure observed in NDDs results from an intricacy of events, mirroring disease complexity, ranging from protein aggregation, oxidative stress, (neuro)inflammation, and even blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, ultimately leading to cognitive and motor symptoms in patients. As a result of such complex pathobiology, to date, there are still no effective treatments to treat/halt NDDs progression. Fortunately, interest in the bioavailable low molecular weight (LMW) phenolic metabolites derived from the metabolism of dietary (poly)phenols has been rising due to their multitargeted potential in attenuating multiple NDDs hallmarks. Even if not highly BBB permeant, their relatively high concentrations in the bloodstream arising from the intake of (poly)phenol-rich diets make them ideal candidates to act within the vasculature and particularly at the level of BBB. In this review, we highlight the most recent - though still scarce - studies demonstrating LMW phenolic metabolites' ability to modulate BBB homeostasis, including the improvement of tight and adherens junctional proteins, as well as their power to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and oxidative stress levels in vitro and in vivo. Specific BBB-permeant LMW phenolic metabolites, such as simple phenolic sulfates, have been emerging as strong BBB properties boosters, pleiotropic compounds capable of improving cell fitness under oxidative and pro-inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, further studies should be pursued to obtain a holistic overview of the promising role of LMW phenolic metabolites in NDDs prevention and management to fully harness their true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marques
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo Moura-Louro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês P Silva
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Matos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal; iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Zhang Z, Xue P, Bendlin BB, Zetterberg H, De Felice F, Tan X, Benedict C. Melatonin: A potential nighttime guardian against Alzheimer's. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02691-6. [PMID: 39128995 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In the context of the escalating global health challenge posed by Alzheimer's disease (AD), this comprehensive review considers the potential of melatonin in both preventive and therapeutic capacities. As a naturally occurring hormone and robust antioxidant, accumulating evidence suggests melatonin is a compelling candidate to consider in the context of AD-related pathologies. The review considers several mechanisms, including potential effects on amyloid-beta and pathologic tau burden, antioxidant defense, immune modulation, and regulation of circadian rhythms. Despite its promise, several gaps need to be addressed prior to clinical translation. These include conducting additional randomized clinical trials in patients with or at risk for AD dementia, determining optimal dosage and timing, and further determining potential side effects, particularly of long-term use. This review consolidates existing knowledge, identifies gaps, and suggests directions for future research to better understand the potential of melatonin for neuroprotection and disease mitigation within the landscape of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefan Zhang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, Zhejiang University School of Public Health and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fernanda De Felice
- Centre for Neurosciences Studies, Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, and Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, Zhejiang University School of Public Health and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wang R, Li K, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhang H. Changes of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Pathway Activity in Hippocampus After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Its Role in Nerve Cell Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5206-5215. [PMID: 38172287 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) causes tissue hypoxia and damage mainly by binding to hemoglobin (Hb). This article aimed to explore the changes in the activity of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway in the hippocampus after ACOP and its role in nerve cell damage. This article used 30 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as the research object, which were randomly divided into two groups, ACOP group and controls. The model of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning was established, and then the activity of NF-κB pathway in the hippocampus of the two groups of rats was detected, and the statistical analysis was performed. Compared with the controls, the activity of NF-κB pathway in the hippocampus of the ACOP group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The degree of neuronal damage in the ACOP group was also significantly increased. ACOP increases the activity of the NF-κB pathway in the hippocampus and may cause neuronal damage through this pathway. This provides new ideas and methods for the treatment of ACOP, and also provides new evidence for the role of NF-κB pathway in neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Emergency, Hebei Engineering University Affiliated Hospital, Handan, 056002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Keji Li
- Department of Urology, Hebei Engineering University Affiliated Hospital, Handan, 056002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zai Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Hebei Engineering University Affiliated Hospital, Handan, 056002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Hebei Engineering University Affiliated Hospital, Handan, 056002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Haifang Zhang
- Handan Emergency Rescue Command Center, Handan, 056000, Hebei Province, China.
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Markus RP, Sousa KS, Ulrich H, Ferreira ZS. Partners in health and disease: pineal gland and purinergic signalling. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10037-8. [PMID: 39031242 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammal's pineal glands, ATP interacts with the high-affinity P2Y1 and the low-affinity P2X7 receptors. ATP released from sympathetic nerve terminals potentiates noradrenaline-induced serotonin N-acetyltransferase (Snat) transcription, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), and melatonin (MLT) synthesis. Circulating melatonin impairs the expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells, blocking the migration of leukocytes. Acute defence response induced by pathogen- and danger/damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) triggers the NF-κB pathway in pinealocytes and blocks the transcription of Snat. Therefore, the darkness hormone is not released, and neutrophils and monocytes migrate to the lesion sites. ATP released in high amounts from apoptotic and death cells was considered a DAMP, and the blockage of P2X7 receptors was tested as a new class of drugs for treating brain damage. However, this is not a simple equation. High ATP injected in a lateral ventricle blocked MLT, but not NAS, synthesis as it impairs the transcription of acetyl serotonin N-methyltransferase. NAS is released in the plasma and the cerebral spinal fluid. NAS also blocks the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells. Otherwise, it is metabolised specifically in each brain area to provide the requested concentration of MLT as a neuroprotector. As observed in physiological conditions, high extracellular ATP, different from the other DAMPs, reports the environmental light/dark cycle rhythm because NAS substitutes MLT as the nocturnal chemical indicator, the darkness hormone. Thus, blocking the P2X7R should not be considered a universal therapy for improving acute strokes, as MLT and ATP are partners in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina P Markus
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kassiano S Sousa
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zulma S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Naik B, Sasikumar J, Das SP. From Skin and Gut to the Brain: The Infectious Journey of the Human Commensal Fungus Malassezia and Its Neurological Consequences. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04270-w. [PMID: 38871941 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The human mycobiome encompasses diverse communities of fungal organisms residing within the body and has emerged as a critical player in shaping health and disease. While extensive research has focused on the skin and gut mycobiome, recent investigations have pointed toward the potential role of fungal organisms in neurological disorders. Among those fungal organisms, the presence of the commensal fungus Malassezia in the brain has created curiosity because of its commensal nature and primary association with the human skin and gut. This budding yeast is responsible for several diseases, such as Seborrheic dermatitis, Atopic dermatitis, Pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia folliculitis, dandruff, and others. However recent findings surprisingly show the presence of Malassezia DNA in the brain and have been linked to diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The exact role of Malassezia in these disorders is unknown, but its ability to infect human cells, travel through the bloodstream, cross the blood-brain barrier, and reside along with the lipid-rich neuronal cells are potential mechanisms responsible for pathogenesis. This also includes the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, gut-microbe interaction, and accumulation of metabolic changes in the brain environment. In this review, we discuss these key findings from studies linking Malassezia to neurological disorders, emphasizing the complex and multifaceted nature of these cases. Furthermore, we discuss potential mechanisms through which Malassezia might contribute to the development of neurological conditions. Future investigations will open up new avenues for our understanding of the fungal gut-brain axis and how it influences human behavior. Collaborative research efforts among microbiologists, neuroscientists, immunologists, and clinicians hold promise for unraveling the enigmatic connections between human commensal Malassezia and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Naik
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sasikumar
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Das
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Jia R, Solé-Guardia G, Kiliaan AJ. Blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebral small vessel disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1233-1240. [PMID: 37905869 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cerebral small vessel disease is a neurological disease that affects the brain microvasculature and which is commonly observed among the elderly. Although at first it was considered innocuous, small vessel disease is nowadays regarded as one of the major vascular causes of dementia. Radiological signs of small vessel disease include small subcortical infarcts, white matter magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy; however, great heterogeneity in clinical symptoms is observed in small vessel disease patients. The pathophysiology of these lesions has been linked to multiple processes, such as hypoperfusion, defective cerebrovascular reactivity, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Notably, studies on small vessel disease suggest that blood-brain barrier dysfunction is among the earliest mechanisms in small vessel disease and might contribute to the development of the hallmarks of small vessel disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a new foundation in the study of small vessel disease pathology. First, we discuss the main structural domains and functions of the blood-brain barrier. Secondly, we review the most recent evidence on blood-brain barrier dysfunction linked to small vessel disease. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on future perspectives and propose potential treatment targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Jia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behavior, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Wang Y, Wang C, Yang X, Ni K, Jiang L, Xu L, Liu Q, Xu X, Gu X, Liu Y, Ma Z. Inhibition of Cyclophilin A-Metalloproteinase-9 Pathway Alleviates the Development of Neuropathic Pain by Promoting Repair of the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier. Anesth Analg 2024; 138:1313-1323. [PMID: 38009963 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) contributes to the occurrence and development of neuropathic pain (NP). Previous studies revealed that the activation of cyclophilin A (CypA)-metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) signaling pathway can disrupt the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and aggravate neuroinflammatory responses. However, the roles of CypA-MMP9 signaling pathway on BSCB in NP have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CypA on the structure and function of the BSCB and pain behaviors in mice with NP. METHODS We first created the mouse chronic constriction injury (CCI) model, and they were then intraperitoneally injected with the CypA inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) or vehicle. Pain behaviors, the structure and function of the BSCB, the involvement of the CypA-MMP9 signaling pathway, microglia activation, and expression levels of proinflammatory factors in mice were examined. RESULTS CCI mice presented mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, impaired permeability of the BSCB, downregulated tight junction proteins, activated CypA-MMP9 signaling pathway, microglia activation, and upregulated proinflammatory factors, which were significantly alleviated by inhibition of CypA. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the CypA-MMP9 signaling pathway is responsible for CCI-induced NP in mice by impairing the structure and function of the BSCB, and activating microglia and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuli Yang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Ni
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Cao Y, Xu W, Liu Q. Alterations of the blood-brain barrier during aging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:881-895. [PMID: 38513138 PMCID: PMC11318406 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241240843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the blood and the central nervous system. It undergoes structural and functional changes during aging, which may compromise its integrity and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, advances in microscopy and high-throughput bioinformatics have allowed a more in-depth investigation of the aging mechanisms of BBB. This review summarizes age-related alterations of the BBB structure and function from six perspectives: endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, basement membrane, microglia and perivascular macrophages, and fibroblasts, ranging from the molecular level to the human multi-system level. These basic components are essential for the proper functioning of the BBB. Recent imaging methods of BBB were also reviewed. Elucidation of age-associated BBB changes may offer insights into BBB homeostasis and may provide effective therapeutic strategies to protect it during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Hu Q, Zhang R, Dong X, Yang D, Yu W, Du Q. Huperzine A ameliorates neurological deficits after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage through endothelial cell pyroptosis inhibition. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:645-656. [PMID: 38529553 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a kind of hemorrhagic stroke which causes neurological deficits in survivors. Huperzine A has a neuroprotective effect, but its role in SAH is unclear. Therefore, we explore the effect of Huperzine A on neurological deficits induced by SAH and the related mechanism. In this study, Evans blue assay, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, and ELISA are conducted. We find that Huperzine A can improve neurological deficits and inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells in SAH rats. Huperzine A treatment can improve the upregulation of brain water content, damage of blood-brain barrier, fibrinogen and matrix metalloprotein 9 expressions and the downregulation of ZO-1 and occludin expressions induced by SAH. Huperzine A inhibit the expressions of proteins involved in pyroptosis in endothelial cells in SAH rats. The increase in MDA content and decrease in SOD activity in SAH rats can be partly reversed by Huperzine A. The ROS inducer H 2O 2 can induce pyroptosis and inhibit the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in endothelial cells, which can be blocked by Huperzine A. In addition, the increase in the entry of p65 into the nucleus in endothelial cells can be partly reversed by Huperzine A. Huperzine A may delay the damage of blood-brain barrier in SAH rats by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated pyroptosis and tight junction protein expression downregulation through the NF-κB pathway. Overall, Huperzine A may have clinical value for treating SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Medical Examination Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Dingbo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Wang X, Yu Z, Dong F, Li J, Niu P, Ta Q, Kan J, Ma C, Han M, Yu J, Zhao D, Li J. Clarifying the mechanism of apigenin against blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemic stroke using systems pharmacology. Mol Divers 2024; 28:609-630. [PMID: 36949297 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Currently, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is an effective therapy for ischemic stroke (IS). However, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a serious side effect of rtPA therapy and may lead to patients' death. The natural polyphenol apigenin has a good therapeutic effect on IS. Apigenin has potential BBB protection, but the mechanism by which it protects the BBB integrity is not clear. In this study, we used network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to reveal the mechanisms by which apigenin protects the BBB. Among the 146 targets of apigenin for the treatment of IS, 20 proteins were identified as core targets (e.g., MMP-9, TLR4, STAT3). Apigenin protects BBB integrity by inhibiting the activity of MMPs through anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. These mechanisms included JAK/STAT, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Nitrogen metabolism signaling pathways. The findings of this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of apigenin in the treatment of BBB disruption and provide ideas for the development of drugs to treat IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - ZiQiao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Fuxiang Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Niu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Qiyi Ta
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - JunMing Kan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Moxuan Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Junchao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Yan S, Ji Q, Ding J, Liu Z, Wei W, Li H, Li L, Ma C, Liao D, He Z, Ai S. Protective effects of butyrate on cerebral ischaemic injury in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1304906. [PMID: 38486971 PMCID: PMC10937403 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1304906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral ischaemic stroke is a common disease that poses a serious threat to human health. Butyrate is an important metabolite of intestinal microorganisms. Recent studies have shown that butyrate has a significant protective effect in animal models of cerebral ischaemic injury. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of butyrate on cerebral ischaemic stroke by meta-analysis, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of butyrate in patients with cerebral ischaemia. Materials and methods A systematic search was conducted for all relevant studies published before 23 January 2024, in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Methodological quality was assessed using Syrcle's risk of bias tool for animal studies. Data were analysed using Rev Man 5.3 software. Results A total of nine studies were included, and compared with controls, butyrate significantly increased BDNF levels in the brain (SMD = 2.33, 95%CI = [1.20, 3.47], p < 0.005) and P-Akt expression (SMD = 3.53, 95% CI = [0.97, 6.10], p < 0.05). Butyrate also decreased IL-β levels in the brain (SMD = -2.02, 95% CI = [-3.22, -0.81], p < 0.005), TNF-α levels (SMD = -0.86, 95% CI = [-1.60, -0.12], p < 0.05), and peripheral vascular IL-1β levels (SMD = -2.10, 95%CI = [-3.59, -0.61], p < 0.05). In addition, butyrate reduced cerebral infarct volume (MD = -11.29, 95%CI = [-17.03, -5.54], p < 0.05), mNSS score (MD = -2.86, 95%CI = [-4.12, -1.60], p < 0.005), foot fault score (MD = -7.59, 95%CI = [-9.83, -5, 35], p < 0.005), and Morris water maze time (SMD = -2.49, 95%CI = [-4.42, -0.55], p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that butyrate has a protective effect on cerebral ischaemic stroke in animal models, and the mechanism is related to reducing inflammation and inhibiting apoptosis. It provides an evidence-based basis for the future clinical development of butyrate in the treatment of ischaemic stroke. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42023482844.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Yan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qipei Ji
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jilin Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqiang Li
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Luojie Li
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Defu Liao
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyan He
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangchun Ai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
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12
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Kalkan KT, Esrefoglu M, Terzioglu-Usak S, Yay A. Protective effect of melatonin on blood-brain barrier damage caused by Endotoxemia. Neurol Res 2024; 46:195-206. [PMID: 37989260 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2265244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endotoxins, products of Gram-negative bacteria, are the primary cause of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible neuroprotection mechanisms of melatonin on BBB damage induced by endotoxemia. METHODS Adult, female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 42) were separated into four random groups as a control group and three treatment groups. Lipopolysaccharide (7,5 mg/kg/day) was administrated for a single dose to generate a 24-hour sepsis model on rats. Melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) was treated a week before sepsis. Afterward, the dissected brain tissues were examined by histopathological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. RESULTS LPS caused weight loss in the groups. As a result, degenerated neurons with cytoplasmic vacuoles and irregular pyknotic nuclei, pale stained necrotic neurons, and vascular congestion were observed in LPS-exposed rats. However, MEL decreased the number of degenerated neurons in treated groups. MEL treatment increased ZO1 and Occludin immunoreactivity while decreasing TLR4 in brain tissues. MEL effect on protein expression was recorded for ZO1 increase and TLR4 decrease in brain tissue compared to LPS groups. MEL also decreased MDA levels in brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS MEL recovered the degenerative damage of sepsis by contributing to blood-brain barrier integrity, and by decreasing inflammation, thus the neuroprotective effects of MEL might provide an experimental basis for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Tugce Kalkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Esrefoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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13
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Wei Z, Yu H, Zhao H, Wei M, Xing H, Pei J, Yang Y, Ren K. Broadening horizons: ferroptosis as a new target for traumatic brain injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad051. [PMID: 38250705 PMCID: PMC10799763 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with ~50 million people experiencing TBI each year. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death triggered by iron ion-catalyzed and reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation, has been identified as a potential contributor to traumatic central nervous system conditions, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of TBI. Alterations in iron metabolism play a crucial role in secondary injury following TBI. This study aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis in TBI, focusing on iron metabolism disorders, lipid metabolism disorders and the regulatory axis of system Xc-/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 in TBI. Additionally, we examined the involvement of ferroptosis in the chronic TBI stage. Based on these findings, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis after TBI. In conclusion, this review provides novel insights into the pathology of TBI and proposes potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Longhu Middle Ring Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haihan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Longhu Middle Ring Road, Jinshui District, Luoyang, China
| | - Mingze Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Harbin, China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 198, Funiu Road, Zhongyuan District, Henan province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 198, Funiu Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Liu C, Wang C, Zhang H, Gao X, Xiao P, Yu M, Wang X, Wang X, Wang X. Hypoxia ischemia results in blood brain barrier damage via AKT/GSK-3β/CREB pathway in neonatal rats. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148640. [PMID: 37863169 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have showed that the permeability of blood brain barrier (BBB) increased after hypoxia ischemia (HI). The current research uncovered the mechanism of altered BBB permeability after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) through AKT/GSK-3β/CREB signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Firstly, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess brain injury. Initial findings showed abnormal signals in T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Changes also happened in the morphology of nerve cells. Subsequently, we found that BBB damage is manifested as leakage of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and destruction of BBB-related proteins and ultrastructure. Meanwhile, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) significantly increased at 24 h after HIBD compared to a series of time points. Additionally, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining combined with Western blot (WB) was used to verify the function of the AKT/GSK-3β/CREB signaling pathway in BBB damage after HI in neonatal rats. Results showed that less Claudin-5, ZO-1, p-AKT, p-GSK-3β and p-CREB, along with more MMP-9 protein expression were visible on the damaged side of the cerebral cortex in the HIBD group in contrast to the sham and HIBD + SC79 groups. Together, our findings demonstrated that HI in neonatal rats might upregulate the levels of MMP-9 protein and downregulate the levels of Claudin-5 and ZO-1 by inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3β/CREB pathway, thus disrupting the BBB, which in turn aggravates brain damage after HI in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmeng Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Haimo Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaotian Gao
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Lee TH, Chen JL, Tsai MM, Wu YH, Tseng HC, Cheng LC, Shanmugam V, Hsieh HL. Protective Effects of Sophoraflavanone G by Inhibiting TNF-α-Induced MMP-9-Mediated Events in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:283. [PMID: 38203454 PMCID: PMC10779338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-9, has a critical role in both physiological and pathological events in the central nervous system (CNS). MMP-9 is an indicator of inflammation that triggers several CNS disorders, including neurodegeneration. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has the ability to stimulate the production of different inflammatory factors, including MMP-9, in several conditions. Numerous phytochemicals are hypothesized to mitigate inflammation, including the CNS. Among them, a flavonoid compound, sophoraflavanone G (SG), found in Sophora flavescens has been found to possess several medicinal properties, including anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (bMECs) were used to explore TNF-α-induced MMP-9 signaling. The effects of SG on TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression and its mechanisms were further evaluated. Our study revealed that the expression of MMP-9 in bMECs was stimulated by TNF-α through the activation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK1/2 via the TNF receptor (TNFR) with a connection to the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, we found that SG can interact with the TNFR. The upregulation of MMP-9 by TNF-α may lead to the disruption of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), which can be mitigated by SG administration. These findings provide evidence that SG may possess neuroprotective properties by inhibiting the signaling pathways associated with TNFR-mediated MMP-9 expression and the subsequent disruption of tight junctions in brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsong-Hai Lee
- Stroke Center and Stroke Section, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Jiun-Liang Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Ming Tsai
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-M.T.); (Y.-H.W.); (H.-C.T.); (L.-C.C.)
- Department of General Surgery, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei 236, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-M.T.); (Y.-H.W.); (H.-C.T.); (L.-C.C.)
| | - Hui-Ching Tseng
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-M.T.); (Y.-H.W.); (H.-C.T.); (L.-C.C.)
| | - Li-Ching Cheng
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-M.T.); (Y.-H.W.); (H.-C.T.); (L.-C.C.)
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-M.T.); (Y.-H.W.); (H.-C.T.); (L.-C.C.)
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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16
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Wang Y, Li G, Lv J, Zhou Y, Ma H. Vitamin E reduces inflammation and improves cognitive disorder and vascular endothelial functions in patients with leukoaraiosis. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1346-1354. [PMID: 35645223 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2079505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukoaraiosis (LA) is a disease manifested by demyelination and gliosis in white matter, mainly caused by cerebrovascular diseases. LA is closely related to the expression level of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients. Vitamin E may play antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles in various diseases. We aimed to explore the effects of vitamin E on the patients with LA. METHODS A total of 160 patients with LA were recruited in this research. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), MMP-2, C-reactive protein (CRP), complement 3 (C3), C4, nitric oxide (NO), and endothelin (ET) levels were evaluated by ELISA. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used for cognitive impairment assessment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were analyzed by commercial kits. RESULTS The levels of CRP, C3, and C4 significantly decreased in the serum of LA patients after the administration of vitamin E. The levels of MMP-2 and MPP-9 showed a significant decrease in the administered group. Vitamin E significantly inhibited the expression of MDA, while significantly upregulated the expression of SOD. Significant increase in NO production and significant downregulation of ET expression occurred in vitamin E groups. MMSE score was significantly increased by vitamin E. CONCLUSION In conclusion, vitamin E showed effects on the alleviation of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, endothelial damage, and cognitive dysfunction. Thus, vitamin E could be a potential drug for the clinical treatment of LA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Guoce Li
- Department of MRI, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Jianping Lv
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yingwen Zhou
- Department of MRI, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Nursing, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Blaj LA, Cucu AI, Tamba BI, Turliuc MD. The Role of the NF-kB Pathway in Intracranial Aneurysms. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1660. [PMID: 38137108 PMCID: PMC10871091 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of intracranial aneurysms (IA) has been proven to be closely linked to hemodynamic stress and inflammatory pathways, most notably the NF-kB pathway. Therefore, it is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In the present review, we investigated alterations in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), extracellular matrix, and endothelial cells by the mediators implicated in the NF-kB pathway that lead to the formation, growth, and rupture of IAs. We also present an overview of the NF-kB pathway, focusing on stimuli and transcriptional targets specific to IAs, as well as a summary of the current strategies for inhibiting NF-kB activation in IAs. Our report adds to previously reported data and future research directions for treating IAs using compounds that can suppress inflammation in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentiu Andrei Blaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.A.B.); (M.D.T.)
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Ionut Cucu
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dana Turliuc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.A.B.); (M.D.T.)
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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Tan S, Chen W, Kong G, Wei L, Xie Y. Peripheral inflammation and neurocognitive impairment: correlations, underlying mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1305790. [PMID: 38094503 PMCID: PMC10716308 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1305790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments, such as learning and memory deficits, may occur in susceptible populations including the elderly and patients who are chronically ill or have experienced stressful events, including surgery, infection, and trauma. Accumulating lines of evidence suggested that peripheral inflammation featured by the recruitment of peripheral immune cells and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines may be activated during aging and these conditions, participating in peripheral immune system-brain communication. Lots of progress has been achieved in deciphering the core bridging mechanism connecting peripheral inflammation and cognitive impairments, which may be helpful in developing early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and prevention methods based on peripheral blood circulation system sampling and intervention. In this review, we summarized the evolving evidence on the prevalence of peripheral inflammation-associated neurocognitive impairments and discussed the research advances in the underlying mechanisms. We also highlighted the prevention and treatment strategies against peripheral inflammation-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyou Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoyin Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Gao HM, Chen H, Cui GY, Hu JX. Damage mechanism and therapy progress of the blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:196. [PMID: 37915036 PMCID: PMC10619327 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a defensive line protecting the central nervous system, while also maintaining micro-environment homeostasis and inhibiting harmful materials from the peripheral blood. However, the BBB's unique physiological functions and properties make drug delivery challenging for patients with central nervous system diseases. In this article, we briefly describe the cell structure basis and mechanism of action of the BBB, as well as related functional proteins involved. Additionally, we discuss the various mechanisms of BBB damage following the onset of an ischemic stroke, and lastly, we mention several therapeutic strategies accounting for impairment mechanisms. We hope to provide innovative ideas for drug delivery research via the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Gao
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Yun Cui
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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Carretero VJ, Ramos E, Segura-Chama P, Hernández A, Baraibar AM, Álvarez-Merz I, Muñoz FL, Egea J, Solís JM, Romero A, Hernández-Guijo JM. Non-Excitatory Amino Acids, Melatonin, and Free Radicals: Examining the Role in Stroke and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1844. [PMID: 37891922 PMCID: PMC10603966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids, and their role in stroke and aging. Melatonin has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its diverse physiological functions and potential therapeutic benefits by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Melatonin has been found to mitigate ischemic brain damage caused by stroke. By scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage, melatonin may help slow down the aging process and protect against age-related cognitive decline. Additionally, non-excitatory amino acids have been shown to possess neuroprotective properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in stroke and aging-related conditions. They can attenuate oxidative stress, modulate calcium homeostasis, and inhibit apoptosis, thereby safeguarding neurons against damage induced by stroke and aging processes. The intracellular accumulation of certain non-excitatory amino acids could promote harmful effects during hypoxia-ischemia episodes and thus, the blockade of the amino acid transporters involved in the process could be an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage. On the other hand, the accumulation of free radicals, specifically mitochondrial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, accelerates cellular senescence and contributes to age-related decline. Recent research suggests a complex interplay between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids in stroke and aging. The neuroprotective actions of melatonin and non-excitatory amino acids converge on multiple pathways, including the regulation of calcium homeostasis, modulation of apoptosis, and reduction of inflammation. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the preservation of neuronal integrity and functions, making them promising targets for therapeutic interventions in stroke and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jiménez Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Segura-Chama
- Investigador por México-CONAHCYT, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Adan Hernández
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma of México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Andrés M Baraibar
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iris Álvarez-Merz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón 49, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i + 12), Avda. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Solís
- Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Guo P, Lu Q, Hu S, Yang Y, Wang X, Yang X, Wang X. Daucosterol confers protection against T-2 toxin induced blood-brain barrier toxicity through the PGC-1α-mediated defensive response in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132262. [PMID: 37604032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a common environmental pollutant and contaminant in food and animal feed that represents a great challenge to human and animal' health throughout the world. Using natural compounds to prevent the detrimental effects of T-2 toxin represents an attractive strategy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a critical regulator in various cellular processes. Recently, PGC-1α activation has been reported to confer protection against neurological injuries. We aimed to identify a potent PGC-1α activator from plants as a chemopreventive compound and to demonstrate the efficacy of the compound in attenuating T-2 toxin-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) toxicity. We identified daucosterol, which binds directly to the 71-74 (-1100 to -1000 bp) position of the second promoter of human PGC-1α by hydrogen bonding. An in vitro and in vivo T-2 toxin induced BBB injury model revealed that this compound can protect against this injury by increasing transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance, reducing sodium fluorescein (NaF) infiltration and increasing the expression of tight junction-related proteins (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin (OCLN), claudin-5 (CLDN5)) expression. In conclusion, we identified daucosterol as representing a novel of PGC-1α activators and illustrated the mechanism of specific binding site. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using natural compounds targeting PGC-1α as a therapeutic approach to protect humans from environmental insults that may occur daily such as lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Siyi Hu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yaqin Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Dickerson F, Vaidya D, Liu Y, Yolken R. Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Are Elevated in Persons With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Modifiable Factors. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:766-772. [PMID: 37881562 PMCID: PMC10593883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a diverse set of enzymes associated with inflammation. MMP-9 is of particular interest because it has been associated with autoimmune and cardiopulmonary disorders, tobacco smoking, and obesity, prevalent in psychiatric populations. Methods Sensitive enzyme immunoassays measured MMP-9 in blood samples from 1121 individuals (mean age = 35.6 [SD = 13.0] years; 47.7% male; 440 with schizophrenia, 399 with bipolar disorder, and 282 without a psychiatric disorder). We estimated the odds of diagnosis associated with MMP-9, demographic variables, tobacco smoking, and obesity, and also the partial explained variance using regression methods. We also determined the association between psychiatric medications and MMP-9 levels. Results Individuals with elevated MMP-9 levels had higher odds of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared with the nonpsychiatric group adjusted for demographic variables. Partial correlation analyses indicated the demographic-adjusted variance associated with MMP-9, smoking, obesity, and their interaction explained 59.6% for schizophrenia and 39.9% for bipolar disorder. Levels of MMP-9 were substantially lower in individuals receiving valproate, particularly relatively high doses. Conclusions Individuals with higher levels of MMP-9 have significantly higher odds of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Individuals receiving valproate had substantially lower levels of MMP-9, possibly related to its ability to inhibit histone deacetylation. A substantial portion of the variance in clinical disorders associated with MMP-9 can be attributed to smoking or obesity. Interventions to reduce smoking and obesity might reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with elevated MMP-9 levels and improve the health outcomes of individuals with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Dickerson
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yisi Liu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Brandl S, Reindl M. Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12699. [PMID: 37628879 PMCID: PMC10454051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous system-resident cell types, including pericytes and astrocytes, the blood-brain barrier forms the neurovascular unit. Upon neuroinflammation, this barrier becomes leaky, allowing molecules and cells to enter the brain and to potentially harm the tissue of the central nervous system. Despite the significance of animal models in research, they may not always adequately reflect human pathophysiology. Therefore, human models are needed. This review will provide an overview of the blood-brain barrier in terms of both health and disease. It will describe all key elements of the in vitro models and will explore how different compositions can be utilized to effectively model a variety of neuroinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, it will explore the existing types of models that are used in basic research to study the respective pathologies thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Ji MH, Gao YZ, Shi CN, Wu XM, Yang JJ. Acute and long-term cognitive impairment following sepsis: mechanism and prevention. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:931-943. [PMID: 37615511 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2250917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a severe host response to infection, which induces both acute and long-term cognitive impairment. Despite its high incidence following sepsis, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and effective treatments are not available clinically. AREA COVERED This review focuses on elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment following sepsis. Specifically, the authors discuss the role of systemic inflammation response, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal dysfunction, and Aβ accumulation and tau phosphorylation in cognitive impairment after sepsis. Additionally, they review current strategies to ameliorate cognitive impairment. EXPERT OPINION Potential interventions to reduce cognitive impairment after sepsis include earlier diagnosis and effective infection control, hemodynamic homeostasis, and adequate brain perfusion. Furthermore, interventions to reduce inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species, blood-brain barrier disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal injury or death could be beneficial. Implementing strategies to minimize delirium, sleep disturbance, stress factors, and immobility are also recommended. Furthermore, avoiding neurotoxins and implementing early rehabilitation may also be important for preventing cognitive impairment after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Huo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui-Na Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Miao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Pang L, Wang Y. Overview of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in methamphetamine abuse. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114478. [PMID: 37002574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the psychostimulants most widely abused in the world. METH abuse can lead to severe neurotoxicity. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural barrier separating the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral blood circulation, which can limit or regulate the exchange of toxic substances, molecules, ions, etc., to maintain the homeostasis of CNS. Long-term or high dose abuse of METH can cause structural or functional abnormalities of the BBB and increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms of METH-induced BBB dysfunction, summarized the risk factors that could exacerbate METH-induced BBB dysfunction, and introduced some potential therapeutic agents. It would provide an important basis and direction for the prevention and treatment of BBB dysfunction induced by METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Luo M, Yu J, Xin C, Hu M, Tao T, Wan G, Chen J, Zhang J. Expression of hypoxia-inducing factor-1α and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the recipient parasylvian cortical arteries with different hemodynamic sources in adult moyamoya disease. Front Surg 2023; 10:1080395. [PMID: 36998597 PMCID: PMC10043197 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1080395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveIn our latest research, we have demonstrated that the recipient parasylvian cortical arteries (PSCAs) with hemodynamic sources from the middle cerebral artery (M-PSCAs) has a higher risk of postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion (CHP) syndrome than those from non-M-PSCAs in adult moyamoya disease (MMD) patient. However, whether there are differences between M-PSCAs and non-M-PSCAs in vascular specimens characteristics has not been studied. In this study, we further investigate the vascular specimen of recipient PSCAs by histological and immunohistochemical methods.Methods50 vascular specimens of recipient PSCAs were obtained from 50 adult MMD patients during the combined bypass surgeries in our departments of Zhongnan hospital. 4 recipient PSCAs samples were also obtained in the same way from the middle cerebral artery occlusion patients. The samples were received the pathological sectioning, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry, then the vascular wall thickness, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and hypoxia-inducing factor-1α (HIF-1α) were analyzed.ResultsM-PSCAs adult MMD patients had a thinner intima than non-M-PSCAs in the recipient PSCAs specimens. In recipient non-M-PSCAs vascular specimens, the immunoreactivity indicating HIF-1α and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was significantly higher than M-PSCAs groups. The logistic regression analyses showed that the M-PSCAs was an independent risk factor of postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion (CHP) syndrome (OR 6.235, 95% CI1.018-38.170, P = 0.048) in MMD.ConclusionOur results indicate that M-PSCAs adult MMD patients had thinner intima than non-MCAs adult MMD patients in the PSCAs. More importantly, HIF-1α and MMP-9 were overexpressed in non-M-PSCAs vascular specimens.
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Roy T, Chatterjee A, Swarnakar S. Rotenone induced neurodegeneration is mediated via cytoskeleton degradation and necroptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119417. [PMID: 36581087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone has widespread beneficial effects in agriculture, fisheries and animal husbandries; however prolonged exposure causes a detrimental effect on the health of personnel working in such industries. Rotenone during its extraction, formulation or usage may cross the blood brain barrier leading to neurodegeneration and the development of Parkinson's disease like symptoms. It is a known inhibitor of the mitochondrial ETC complex I and responsible for impairing the OXPHOS system. Our study showed that rotenone exposure results in an increased production of ROS and decreased ATP level along with a conspicuous loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in N2A cells. The transcription and expression pattern of cofilin, a key component of actin cytoskeleton, was also altered after rotenone exposure; leading to the actin cytoskeleton degradation. We further observed an increased expression, as well as activity of matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9) in rotenone exposed N2A cells; suggesting the involvement of inflammation upon rotenone exposure. Simultaneously, an opposite pattern was noticed for the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) protein, which is a known modulator of MMP9 activity. Additionally, the localization of MMP9 along with alpha-synuclein, UCHL1 and cofilin suggested their close proximity and cross interaction upon rotenone treatment. Furthermore, we observed significant increase in the level of TNF-α upon rotenone exposure along with the phosphorylation of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL that has been identified as the necroptosis markers leading to programmed necroptotic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Roy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Snehasikta Swarnakar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Liu W, Li Z. Diagnostic performance of perfusion-weighted imaging combined with serum MMP-2 and -9 levels in tumor recurrence after postoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy of glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2023; 51:563-570. [PMID: 36435971 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of dynamic susceptibility contrast- perfusion weighted imaging (DSC-PWI) combined with serum MMP-2 and -9 levels in differentiating recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS We enrolled a total of 220 GBM patients, including recurrent cases (n = 150) and non-recurrent cases (n = 70) after postoperative concomitant chemoradiotherapy. All patients performed preoperative and follow-up DSC-PWI, and two parameters [normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV) and cerebral blood flow (nCBF)] were obtained. Preoperative serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected using ELISA. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS At baseline, the recurrence patients had higher nCBF and nCBV than the non-recurrence patients, accompanying by the increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in serum. Serum MMP-2 level were positively associated with MMP-9 in recurrent patients. In patients classified as recurrence, both MMP-9 and MMP-2 in serum had a significant correlation with nCBV and nCBF. A sensitivity and specificity of nCBF for recurrence vs. non-recurrence were 94.29% and 63.33%, respectively. nCBV also could provide high discrimination between recurrence and non-recurrence patients (sensitivity: 84.29%, specificity: 62.67%, AUC: 0.821). In ROC analyses, both MMP-2 and MMP-9 distinguished recurrence from non-recurrence with AUC values of 0.883 and 0.900, respectively. Finally, the combination of DSC-PWI parameters (nCBF and nCBV) and serum MMP-2 and -9 levels showed much better discrimination capacity between recurrence and non-recurrence patients with a sensitivity of 92.86%, specificity of 79.33% and AUC of 0.899. CONCLUSION The combination of DSC-PWI parameters together with serum MMP-2 and -9 levels offered an attractive approach to noninvasively distinguish recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Image Teaching and Researching Office, Langfang Health Vocational College, Langfang, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Li
- Image Teaching and Researching Office, Langfang Health Vocational College, Langfang, China
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Fock E, Parnova R. Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Protection by Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040657. [PMID: 36831324 PMCID: PMC9954192 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is implicated in the numerous neurological disorders associated with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and aging. It is now evident that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate and propionate, produced by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of the dietary fiber in the intestine, have a key role in the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system and are critically important for the preservation of the BBB integrity under different pathological conditions. The effect of SCFAs on the improvement of the compromised BBB is mainly based on the decrease in paracellular permeability via restoration of junctional complex proteins affecting their transcription, intercellular localization or proteolytic degradation. This review is focused on the revealed and putative underlying mechanisms of the direct and indirect effects of SCFAs on the improvement of the barrier function of brain endothelial cells. We consider G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated effects of SCFAs, SCFAs-stimulated acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins via inhibition of histone deacetylases, and crosstalk of these signaling pathways with transcriptional factors NF-κB and Nrf2 as mainstream mechanisms of SCFA's effect on the preservation of the BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rimma Parnova
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-552-79-01; Fax: +7-812-552-30-12
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30
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Wang Q, Zheng J, Pettersson S, Reynolds R, Tan EK. The link between neuroinflammation and the neurovascular unit in synucleinopathies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq1141. [PMID: 36791205 PMCID: PMC9931221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. As a fundamental functional module in the central nervous system, the NVU maintains homeostasis in the microenvironment and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Disruption of the NVU and interactions among its components are involved in the pathophysiology of synucleinopathies, which are characterized by the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein. Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. This review aims to summarize the neuroinflammatory response of glial cells and vascular cells in the NVU. We also review neuroinflammation in the context of the cross-talk between glial cells and vascular cells, between glial cells and pericytes, and between microglia and astroglia. Last, we discuss how α-synuclein affects neuroinflammation and how neuroinflammation influences the aggregation and spread of α-synuclein and analyze different properties of α-synuclein in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Jialing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Sven Pettersson
- ASEAN Microbiome Nutrition Centre, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Odontology, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Ma P, Huang N, Tang J, Zhou Z, Xu J, Chen Y, Zhang M, Huang Q, Cheng Y. The TRPM4 channel inhibitor 9-phenanthrol alleviates cerebral edema after traumatic brain injury in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098228. [PMID: 36865920 PMCID: PMC9971592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema (CE) exerts an important effect on brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Upregulation of transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) results in damage to capillaries and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is critical for the development of CE. Many studies have shown that 9-phenanthrol (9-PH) effectively inhibits TRPM4. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of 9-PH on reducing CE after TBI. In this experiment, we observed that 9-PH markedly reduced brain water content, BBB disruption, proliferation of microglia and astrocytes, neutrophil infiltration, neuronal apoptosis and neurobehavioral deficits. At the molecular level, 9-PH significantly inhibited the protein expression of TRPM4 and MMP-9, alleviated the expression of apoptosis-related molecules and inflammatory cytokines, such as Bax, TNF-α and IL-6, near injured tissue, and diminished serum SUR1 and TRPM4 levels. Mechanistically, treatment with 9-PH inhibited activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway, which was reported to be involved in the expression of MMP-9. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that 9-PH effectively reduces CE and alleviates secondary brain injury partly through the following possible mechanisms: ①9-PH inhibits TRPM4-mediated Na + influx and reduces cytotoxic CE; ②9-PH hinders the expression and activity of MMP-9 by inhibiting the TRPM4 channel and decreases disruption of the BBB, thereby preventing vasogenic cerebral edema. ③9-PH reduces further inflammatory and apoptotic damage to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zunjie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Qin Huang, ; Yuan Cheng,
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Qin Huang, ; Yuan Cheng,
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Melatonin Promotes the Development of Secondary Hair Follicles in Adult Cashmere Goats by Activating the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting the Inflammatory Transcription Factors NFκB and AP-1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043403. [PMID: 36834812 PMCID: PMC9964152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous melatonin (MT) has been used to promote the growth of secondary hair follicles and improve cashmere fiber quality, but the specific cellular-level mechanisms involved are unclear. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of MT on the development of secondary hair follicles and on cashmere fiber quality in cashmere goats. The results showed that MT improved secondary follicle numbers and function as well as enhanced cashmere fiber quality and yield. The MT-treated goat groups had high secondary-to-primary ratios (S:P) for hair follicles, greater in the elderly group (p < 0.05). Antioxidant capacities of secondary hair follicles improved fiber quality and yield in comparison with control groups (p < 0.05/0.01). Levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were lowered (p < 0.05/0.01) by MT. There was significant upregulation of antioxidant genes (for SOD-3; GPX-1; NFE2L2) and the protein of nuclear factor (Nrf2), and downregulation of the Keap1 protein. There were significant differences in the expression of genes for secretory senescence-associated phenotype (SASP) cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-9, MMP-27, CCL-21, CXCL-12, CXCL-14, TIMP-1,2,3) plus their protein of key transcription factors, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), in comparison with the controls. We concluded that MT could enhance antioxidant capacity and reduce ROS and RNS levels of secondary hair follicles through the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in adult cashmere goats. Furthermore, MT reduced the expression of the SASP cytokines genes by inhibiting the protein of NFκB and AP-1 in the secondary hair follicles in older cashmere goats, thus delaying skin aging, improving follicle survival, and increasing the number of secondary hair follicles. Collectively, these effects of exogenous MT enhanced the quality and yield of cashmere fibers, especially at 5-7 years old.
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Shi G, Ke D, Gong P, Yu P, Zhou J, Wang M, Zhang X, Wang X, Guo M, Xu M, Zhou R. Serum YKL-40 Levels and White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:311-319. [PMID: 36721527 PMCID: PMC9884433 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s398701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is associated with risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and poor outcomes after AIS. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the association between serum YKL-40 levels and WMH burden in patients with AIS. Methods From February 2020 to March 2021, a total of 672 consecutive AIS patients with magnetic resonance imaging data were prospectively recruited form two centers. Serum YKL-40 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The burden of WMH was semiquantitatively measured by the Fazekas visual grading scale. According to severity of overall WMH, patients were dichotomized into none-mild WMH group (Fazekas score 0-2) or moderate-severe WMH group (Fazekas score 3-6). Besides, based on severity of periventricular WMH (PV-WMH) and deep WMH (D-WMH), patients were categorized as none-mild (Fazekas score 0-1) or moderate-severe (Fazekas score 2-3). Results Among the 672 patients, 335 (49.9%) participants were identified with moderate-severe overall WMH, 326 (48.5%) with moderate-severe PV-WMH and 262 (39.0%) with moderate-severe D-WMH. Compared with the first quartile of serum YKL-40, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of the fourth quartile for moderate-severe PV-WMH was 2.473 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.316-4.646; P=0.005). No significant association was observed between YKL-40 and overall WMH (OR 0.762; 95% CI 0.434-1.336; P=0.343) or D-WMH (OR 0.695; 95% CI 0.413-1.171; P=0.172). Conclusion Our results suggested that higher YKL-40 levels appeared to be associated with PV-WMH, but not with overall WMH or D-WMH in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomei Shi
- Department of Neurology, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Stroke Center, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Ke
- Stroke Center, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Department of Rehabilitation, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Gong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Stroke Center, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Department of Radiology, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Stroke Center, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minwang Guo
- Department of Neurology, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Stroke Center, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Stroke Center, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rujuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Stroke Center, the Taixing People’s Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Rujuan Zhou, Tel +86-13951158499, Email
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Mani S, Dubey R, Lai IC, Babu MA, Tyagi S, Swargiary G, Mody D, Singh M, Agarwal S, Iqbal D, Kumar S, Hamed M, Sachdeva P, Almutary AG, Albadrani HM, Ojha S, Singh SK, Jha NK. Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Neurological Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:877-912. [PMID: 37927255 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of neuronal cells. With the increase in aged population, there is a prevalence of irreversible neurodegenerative changes, causing a significant mental, social, and economic burden globally. The factors contributing to AD are multidimensional, highly complex, and not completely understood. However, it is widely known that aging, neuroinflammation, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with other free radicals, substantially contribute to oxidative stress and cell death, which are inextricably linked. While oxidative stress is undeniably important in AD, limiting free radicals and ROS levels is an intriguing and potential strategy for deferring the process of neurodegeneration and alleviating associated symptoms. Therapeutic compounds from natural sources have recently become increasingly accepted and have been effectively studied for AD treatment. These phytocompounds are widely available and a multitude of holistic therapeutic efficiencies for treating AD owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and biological activities. Some of these compounds also function by stimulating cholinergic neurotransmission, facilitating the suppression of beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1, α-synuclein, and monoamine oxidase proteins, and deterring the occurrence of AD. Additionally, various phenolic, flavonoid, and terpenoid phytocompounds have been extensively described as potential palliative agents for AD progression. Preclinical studies have shown their involvement in modulating the cellular redox balance and minimizing ROS formation, displaying them as antioxidant agents with neuroprotective abilities. This review emphasizes the mechanistic role of natural products in the treatment of AD and discusses the various pathological hypotheses proposed for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Sakshi Tyagi
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Deepansh Mody
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Shriya Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hind Muteb Albadrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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Intraventricular hemorrhage induces inflammatory brain damage with blood-brain barrier dysfunction in immature rats. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:78-88. [PMID: 35428877 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to characterize a preclinical model of intraventricular hemorrhage-induced brain damage (IVH-BD) in extremely low birth weight newborns (ELBWN), to identify potential therapeutic targets based on its pathophysiology. METHODS IVH was induced in 1-day-old (P1) Wistar rats by left periventricular injection of clostridium collagenase (PVCC). At P6, P14, and P45 IVH-BD (area of damage, motor and cognitive deficits, Lactate/N-acetylaspartate ratio), white matter injury (WMI: ipsilateral hemisphere and corpus callosum atrophy, oligodendroglial population and myelin basic protein signal reduction), blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction (occludin and Mfsd2a expression, Gadolinium leakage) and inflammation (TNFα, TLR4, NFkB, and MMP9 expression; immune cell infiltration), excitotoxicity (Glutamate/N-acetylaspartate), and oxidative stress (protein nitrosylation) were assessed. Sham animals were similarly studied. RESULTS IVH-BD leads to long-term WMI, resulting in motor and cognitive impairment, thus reproducing IVH-BD features in ELBWN. BBB dysfunction with increased permeability was observed at P6 and P14, coincident with an increased inflammatory response with TLR4 overexpression, increased TNFα production, and increased immune cell infiltration, as well as increased excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This model reproduced some key hallmarks of IVH-BD in ELBWN. Inflammation associated with BBB dysfunction appears as relevant therapeutic target to prevent IVH-BD-induced WMI. IMPACT Paraventricular injection of clostridium collagenase (PVCC) to 1-day-old Wistar rats uniquely reproduced the neuroimaging, histologic and functional characteristics of intraventricular hemorrhage-induced brain damage (IVH-BD) in extremely low birth weight newborns (ELBWN). PVCC-induced IVH triggered a prolonged inflammatory response associated with blood-brain barrier increased permeability, which in turn facilitates the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Thus, PVCC led to white matter injury (WMI) resulting in long-term motor and cognitive impairment. This model offers a valuable tool to obtain further insight into the mechanisms of IVH-BD in ELBWN and proposes some key therapeutic targets.
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Dang Q, Wu D, Li Y, Fang L, Liu C, Wang X, Liu X, Min W. Walnut-derived peptides ameliorate d-galactose-induced memory impairments in a mouse model via inhibition of MMP-9-mediated blood–brain barrier disruption. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Klymenko A, Lutz D. Melatonin signalling in Schwann cells during neuroregeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999322. [PMID: 36299487 PMCID: PMC9589221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has widely been thought that in the process of nerve regeneration Schwann cells populate the injury site with myelinating, non–myelinating, phagocytic, repair, and mesenchyme–like phenotypes. It is now clear that the Schwann cells modify their shape and basal lamina as to accommodate re–growing axons, at the same time clear myelin debris generated upon injury, and regulate expression of extracellular matrix proteins at and around the lesion site. Such a remarkable plasticity may follow an intrinsic functional rhythm or a systemic circadian clock matching the demands of accurate timing and precision of signalling cascades in the regenerating nervous system. Schwann cells react to changes in the external circadian clock clues and to the Zeitgeber hormone melatonin by altering their plasticity. This raises the question of whether melatonin regulates Schwann cell activity during neurorepair and if circadian control and rhythmicity of Schwann cell functions are vital aspects of neuroregeneration. Here, we have focused on different schools of thought and emerging concepts of melatonin–mediated signalling in Schwann cells underlying peripheral nerve regeneration and discuss circadian rhythmicity as a possible component of neurorepair.
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Xu Y, Ma Q, Du H, Yang C, Lin G. Postoperative Delirium in Neurosurgical Patients: Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101371. [PMID: 36291305 PMCID: PMC9599232 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a complication characterized by disturbances in attention, awareness, and cognitive function that occur shortly after surgery or emergence from anesthesia. Since it occurs prevalently in neurosurgical patients and poses great threats to the well-being of patients, much emphasis is placed on POD in neurosurgical units. However, there are intricate theories about its pathogenesis and limited pharmacological interventions for POD. In this study, we review the recent insights into its pathogenesis, mainly based on studies within five years, and the five dominant pathological theories that account for the development of POD, with the intention of furthering our understanding and boosting its clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qianquan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haiming Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- North America Medical Education Foundation, Union City, CA 94587, USA
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-135-1108-7060 (C.Y.); +86-135-5240-0103 (G.L.)
| | - Guozhong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-135-1108-7060 (C.Y.); +86-135-5240-0103 (G.L.)
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Geranmayeh MH, Rahbarghazi R, Saeedi N, Farhoudi M. Metformin-dependent variation of microglia phenotype dictates pericytes maturation under oxygen-glucose deprivation. Tissue Barriers 2022; 10:2018928. [PMID: 34983297 PMCID: PMC9620990 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.2018928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier resident cells are in the frontline of vascular diseases. To maintain brain tissue homeostasis, a series of cells are integrated regularly to form the neurovascular unit. It is thought that microglia can switch between M1/M2 phenotypes after the initiation of different pathologies. The existence of transition between maturity and stemness features in pericytes could maintain blood-brain barrier functionality against different pathologies. In the current study, the effect of metformin on the balance of the M1/M2 microglial phenotype under oxygen-glucose deprivation conditions and the impact of microglial phenotype changes on pericyte maturation have been explored. Both microglia and pericytes were isolated from the rat brain. Data showed that microglia treatment with metformin under glucose- and oxygen-free conditions suppressed microglia shifting into the M2 phenotype (CD206+ cells) compared to the control (p < .01) and metformin-treated groups (p < .05). Incubation of pericytes with microglia-conditioned media pretreated with metformin under glucose- and oxygen-free conditions or normal conditions increased pericyte maturity. These changes coincided with the reduction of the Sox2/NG2 ratio compared to the control pericytes (p < .05). Data revealed the close microglial-pericytic interplay under the ischemic and hypoxic conditions and the importance of microglial phenotype acquisition on pericyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,CONTACT Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh ; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St., Tabriz5166614756, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazli Saeedi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Li S, Yang D, Gao X, Yao S, Wang S, Zhu J, Shu J. Argpyrimidine bonded to RAGE regulates autophagy and cell cycle to cause periodontal destruction. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4460-4476. [PMID: 36166691 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Argpyrimidine (APMD), a methylglyoxal-arginine-derived product, is one of the main products of diabetes mellitus. We aimed to systematically investigate the role of APMD in regulating autophagy activity, with a specific focus on the finding of APDM binding molecule, matching amino acid residues, autophagy flux and proteins, cell cycle arrest, cell skeleton and migration, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, inflammatory signals, alveolar bone destruction, and inhibition verification. In this study, binding to 59/94/121 amino acid residues of advanced glycosylation end product receptor (RAGE), APMD suppressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to attenuate cell survival of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Simultaneously, autophagy proteins ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3-II/I expression ratio were upregulated while P62/SQSTM was downregulated. Cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 with enhancing Cyclin D1/CDK4 and decreasing Cyclin A/CDK2 expression. Inhibition of autophagy abrogated APMD-induced cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the inflammation regulation network of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, MAPKs and NF-κB pathways were activated by APMD. Rat periodontal models confirmed that APMD induced alveolar bone resorption, increased inflammatory infiltrates, and degraded collagen fibers through RAGE and PI3K. APMD-induced autophagy, G0/G1 arrest, pro-inflammatory signals activating and periodontal destruction were reversed by RAGE knockdown while aggravated by PI3K inhibitor. This study provides the first evidence that APMD bind to RAGE to regulate autophagy and cell cycle of PDLCs through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby promoting periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Yao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Shu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Versele R, Sevin E, Gosselet F, Fenart L, Candela P. TNF-α and IL-1β Modulate Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Decrease Amyloid-β Peptide Efflux in a Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810235. [PMID: 36142143 PMCID: PMC9499506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selective barrier and a functional gatekeeper for the central nervous system (CNS), essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. The BBB is composed of specialized brain endothelial cells (BECs) lining the brain capillaries. The tight junctions formed by BECs regulate paracellular transport, whereas transcellular transport is regulated by specialized transporters, pumps and receptors. Cytokine-induced neuroinflammation, such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), appear to play a role in BBB dysfunction and contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by contributing to amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide accumulation. Here, we investigated whether TNF-α and IL-1β modulate the permeability of the BBB and alter Aβ peptide transport across BECs. We used a human BBB in vitro model based on the use of brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs) obtained from endothelial cells derived from CD34+ stem cells cocultivated with brain pericytes. We demonstrated that TNF-α and IL-1β differentially induced changes in BLECs’ permeability by inducing alterations in the organization of junctional complexes as well as in transcelluar trafficking. Further, TNF-α and IL-1β act directly on BLECs by decreasing LRP1 and BCRP protein expression as well as the specific efflux of Aβ peptide. These results provide mechanisms by which CNS inflammation might modulate BBB permeability and promote Aβ peptide accumulation. A future therapeutic intervention targeting vascular inflammation at the BBB may have the therapeutic potential to slow down the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Versele
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d’Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Sevin
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d’Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d’Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Laurence Fenart
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d’Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Pietra Candela
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d’Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
- Correspondence:
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Mao H, Zhang Y, Zou M, Lv S, Zou J, Huang Y, Zhang M, Zhao Z, Huang P. The interplay between small vessel disease and Parkinson disease pathology: A longitudinal study. Eur J Radiol 2022; 154:110441. [PMID: 35907289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) related brain changes have been found associated with various clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD). On the other hand, PD pathology and treatment may also accelerate SVD progression. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore the interplay between SVD and PD pathology using longitudinal dataset. METHODS We screened 66 healthy controls (HCs) and 114 patients from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. The peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) was quantified from diffusion tensor images to reflect vascular pathologies at baseline and 24 months follow-up, and dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging data was used to represent the extent of dopaminergic neuronal degeneration at the same point time. We compared the PSMD between PD patients and HCs, and analyzed whether PSMD and DAT availability could predict each other's progression using multiple regression analyses in PD patients. RESULTS PSMD at baseline had no significant difference between the HCs and patients with PD (P = 0.169). Higher baseline PSMD was associated with less DAT reduction in the caudate (β = 0.216, P = 0.029), but not the putamen (β = 0.058, P = 0.552) in PD patients. Baseline caudate and putamen DAT availability had no significant association with PSMD progression (β = -0.006, P = 0.950; β = 0.017, P = 0.860, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Mild SVD might slow down PD pathology progression, while the effect of PD pathology on the progression of SVD was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijia Mao
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing people's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Zou
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Sangying Lv
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing people's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiajun Zou
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing people's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Ya'nan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing people's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing people's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China.
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Jing Y, Bai F, Wang L, Yang D, Yan Y, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Chen Z. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in a Mouse Spinal Cord Injury Model by Modulating the Microenvironment at the Lesion Site. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0017722. [PMID: 35467388 PMCID: PMC9241636 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00177-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary traumatic event that causes spinal cord injury (SCI) is followed by a progressive secondary injury featured by vascular disruption and ischemia, inflammatory responses and the release of cytotoxic debris, which collectively add to the hostile microenvironment of the lesioned cord and inhibit tissue regeneration and functional recovery. In a previous study, we reported that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) promotes functional recovery in a contusion SCI mouse model; yet whether and how FMT treatment may impact the microenvironment at the injury site are not well known. In the current study, we examined individual niche components and investigated the effects of FMT on microcirculation, inflammation and trophic factor secretion in the spinal cord of SCI mice. FMT treatment significantly improved spinal cord tissue sparing, vascular perfusion and pericyte coverage and blood-spinal cord-barrier (BSCB) integrity, suppressed the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and enhanced the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Suppression of inflammation and upregulation of trophic factors, jointly, may rebalance the niche homeostasis at the injury site and render it favorable for reparative and regenerative processes, eventually leading to functional recovery. Furthermore, microbiota metabolic profiling revealed that amino acids including β-alanine constituted a major part of the differentially detected metabolites between the groups. Supplementation of β-alanine in SCI mice reduced BSCB permeability and increased the number of surviving neurons, suggesting that β-alanine may be one of the mediators of FMT that participates in the modulation and rebalancing of the microenvironment at the injured spinal cord. IMPORTANCE FMT treatment shows a profound impact on the microenvironment that involves microcirculation, blood-spinal cord-barrier, activation of immune cells, and secretion of neurotrophic factors. Analysis of metabolic profiles reveals around 22 differentially detected metabolites between the groups, and β-alanine was further chosen for functional validation experiments. Supplementation of SCI mice with β-alanine significantly improves neuronal survival, and the integrity of blood-spinal cord-barrier at the lesion site, suggesting that β-alanine might be one of the mediators following FMT that has contributed to the recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Limiao Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Degang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Yan
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhang L, Li S, Tai Z, Yu C, Xu Z. Gut Microbes Regulate Innate Immunity and Epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:870197. [PMID: 35720723 PMCID: PMC9198293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.870197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic brain disease. There are many clinical methods to control epileptic seizures, such as anti-seizure medications (ASMs) or surgical removal of epileptogenic lesions. However, the pathophysiology of epilepsy is still unknown, making it difficult to control or prevent it. The host’s immune system monitors gut microbes, interacts with microbes through pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) expressed by innate immune cells, and activates immune responses in the body to kill pathogens and balance the relationship between microbes and host. In addition, inflammatory responses induced by the innate immune system are seen in animal models of epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy brain tissue to combat pathogens or injuries. This review summarizes the potential relationship between gut microbes, innate immunity, and epilepsy based on recent research to provide more hints for researchers to explore this field further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Tsai MM, Chen JL, Lee TH, Liu H, Shanmugam V, Hsieh HL. Brain Protective Effect of Resveratrol via Ameliorating Interleukin-1β-Induced MMP-9-Mediated Disruption of ZO-1 Arranged Integrity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061270. [PMID: 35740292 PMCID: PMC9219827 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is induced by several factors and contributes to CNS disorders, including inflammation and neurodegeneration. Thus, the upregulation of MMP-9 has been considered to be an indicator of inflammation. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important proinflammatory cytokine which can induce various inflammatory factors, such as MMP-9, in many inflammatory disorders. Several phytochemicals are believed to reduce the risk of several inflammatory disorders, including the CNS diseases. Among them, the resveratrol, a principal phenolic compound of the grape, blueberry, and mulberry peels and Cassia plants, has been shown to possess several medicinal properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor function. Herein, we used mouse-brain microvascular endothelial cells (bMECs) to demonstrate the signaling mechanisms of IL-1β-induced MMP-9 expression via zymographic, RT-PCR, Western blot, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, immunofluorescence stain, and promoter reporter analyses. Then we evaluated the effects of resveratrol on IL-1β-induced MMP-9 expression in bMECs and its mechanism of action. We first demonstrated that IL-1β induced MMP-9 expression in bMECs. Subsequently, IL-1β induced MMP-9 expression via ROS-mediated c-Src-dependent transactivation of EGFR, and then activation of the ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, we determined that IL-1β-induced upregulation of MMP-9 may cause the disruption of the arranged integrity of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), but this could be inhibited by resveratrol. These data indicated that resveratrol may have antioxidative and brain-protective activities by reducing these related pathways of ROS-mediated MMP-9 expression and tight junction disruption in brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Tsai
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Department of General Surgery, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei 236017, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Liang Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Stroke Center and Stroke Section, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiuming Liu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan;
| | | | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Zhao Y, Gan L, Ren L, Lin Y, Ma C, Lin X. Factors influencing the blood-brain barrier permeability. Brain Res 2022; 1788:147937. [PMID: 35568085 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic structure that protects the brain from harmful blood-borne, endogenous and exogenous substances and maintains the homeostatic microenvironment. All constituent cell types play indispensable roles in the BBB's integrity, and other structural BBB components, such as tight junction proteins, adherens junctions, and junctional proteins, can control the barrier permeability. Regarding the need to exchange nutrients and toxic materials, solute carriers, ATP-binding case families, and ion transporter, as well as transcytosis regulate the influx and efflux transport, while the difference in localisation and expression can contribute to functional differences in transport properties. Numerous chemical mediators and other factors such as non-physicochemical factors have been identified to alter BBB permeability by mediating the structural components and barrier function, because of the close relationship with inflammation. In this review, we highlight recently gained mechanistic insights into the maintenance and disruption of the BBB. A better understanding of the factors influencing BBB permeability could contribute to supporting promising potential therapeutic targets for protecting the BBB and the delivery of central nervous system drugs via BBB permeability interventions under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Ren
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Ma
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianming Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Cerebral small vessel disease alters neurovascular unit regulation of microcirculation integrity involved in vascular cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Qin X, Wang J, Chen S, Liu G, Wu C, Lv Q, He X, Bai X, Huang W, Liao H. Astrocytic p75 NTR expression provoked by ischemic stroke exacerbates the blood-brain barrier disruption. Glia 2022; 70:892-912. [PMID: 35064700 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in the pathology of ischemic stroke. p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ) contributes to the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier in retinal ischemia. However, whether p75NTR influences the BBB permeability after acute cerebral ischemia remains unknown. The present study investigated the role and underlying mechanism of p75NTR on BBB integrity in an ischemic stroke mouse model, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 24 h of MCAO, astrocytes and endothelial cells in the infarct-affected brain area up-regulated p75NTR . Genetic p75NTR knockdown (p75NTR+/- ) or pharmacological inhibition of p75NTR using LM11A-31, a selective inhibitor of p75NTR , both attenuated brain damage and BBB leakage in MCAO mice. Astrocyte-specific conditional knockdown of p75NTR mediated with an adeno-associated virus significantly ameliorated BBB disruption and brain tissue damage, as well as the neurological functions after stroke. Further molecular biological examinations indicated that astrocytic p75NTR activated NF-κB and HIF-1α signals, which upregulated the expression of MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), subsequently leading to tight junction degradation after ischemia. As a result, increased leukocyte infiltration and microglia activation exacerbated brain injury after stroke. Overall, our results provide novel insight into the role of astrocytic p75NTR in BBB disruption after acute cerebral ischemia. The p75NTR may therefore be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Qin
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujian Chen
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoran Wu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunyu Lv
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinran He
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianshu Bai
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hong Liao
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Hu Q, Du Q, Yu W, Dong X. 2-Methoxyestradiol Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Brain Edema in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:869546. [PMID: 35558877 PMCID: PMC9087802 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.869546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Numerous studies have shown that neuroinflammation and brain edema play an important role in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 2-ME on neuroinflammation and brain edema after SAH and its underlying mechanism of action. Methods Rats were used to produce an endovascular puncture model of SAH. 2-ME or the control agent was injected intraperitoneally 1 h after SAH induction. At 24 h after surgery, the neurological score, SAH grading, brain water content, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability were examined. The microglial activation level in the rat brain tissue was determined using immunofluorescence staining, whereas the cell apoptosis in the rat brain tissue was assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, the levels of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression levels of ZO-1, occludin, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 in the rat brain tissue were determined using western blotting. Results Twenty-four hours after SAH, brain water content, BBB permeability, microglial activation, and cell apoptosis were significantly increased, whereas neurological function deteriorated significantly in rats. Treatment with 2-ME significantly decreased brain water content, BBB permeability, microglial cell activation, and cell apoptosis and improved neurological dysfunction in rats. Treatment with 2-ME reduced the expression levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), which were significantly elevated 24 h after SAH. Treatment with 2-ME alleviated the disruption of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin), which significantly decreased 24 h after SAH. To further determine the mechanism of this protective effect, we found that 2-ME inhibited the expression of HIF-1α, MMP-9, and VEGF, which was associated with the inflammatory response to EBI and BBB disruption after SAH. Conclusion 2-ME alleviated neuroinflammation and brain edema as well as improved neurological deficits after SAH in rats. The neuroprotective effect of 2-ME on EBI after SAH in rats may be related to the inhibition of neuroinflammation and brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Yu,
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chaenomeles Fructus (CF), the Fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis Alleviates IL-1β Induced Cartilage Degradation in Rat Articular Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084360. [PMID: 35457176 PMCID: PMC9025567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) causes persistent pain, joint dysfunction, and physical disability. It is the most prevalent type of degenerative arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. OA is currently treated with a focus on pain relief, inflammation control, and artificial joint surgery. Hence, a therapeutic agent capable of preventing or delaying the progression of OA is needed. OA is strongly associated with the degeneration of the articular cartilage and changes in the ECM, which are primarily associated with a decrease in proteoglycan and collagen. In the progress of articular cartilage degradation, catabolic enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are activated by IL-1β stimulation. Given the tight relationship between IL-1β and ECM (extra-cellular matrix) degradation, this study examined the effects of Chaenomeles Fructus (CF) on IL-1β-induced OA in rat chondrocytes. The CF treatment reduced IL-1β-induced MMP3/13 and ADAMTS-5 production at the mRNA and protein levels. Similarly, CF enhanced col2a and aggrecan accumulation and chondrocyte proliferation. CF inhibited NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation, nuclear translocation induced by IL-1β, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ERK phosphorylation. CF demonstrated anti-OA and articular regeneration effects on rat chondrocytes, thus, suggesting that CF is a viable and fundamental therapeutic option for OA.
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