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Jackson RJ, Hyman BT, Serrano-Pozo A. Multifaceted roles of APOE in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2024:10.1038/s41582-024-00988-2. [PMID: 38906999 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
For the past three decades, apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been known as the single greatest genetic modulator of sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) risk, influencing both the average age of onset and the lifetime risk of developing AD. The APOEε4 allele significantly increases AD risk, whereas the ε2 allele is protective relative to the most common ε3 allele. However, large differences in effect size exist across ethnoracial groups that are likely to depend on both global genetic ancestry and local genetic ancestry, as well as gene-environment interactions. Although early studies linked APOE to amyloid-β - one of the two culprit aggregation-prone proteins that define AD - in the past decade, mounting work has associated APOE with other neurodegenerative proteinopathies and broader ageing-related brain changes, such as neuroinflammation, energy metabolism failure, loss of myelin integrity and increased blood-brain barrier permeability, with potential implications for longevity and resilience to pathological protein aggregates. Novel mouse models and other technological advances have also enabled a number of therapeutic approaches aimed at either attenuating the APOEε4-linked increased AD risk or enhancing the APOEε2-linked AD protection. This Review summarizes this progress and highlights areas for future research towards the development of APOE-directed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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Huang MF, Yeh YC, Liu TL, Hsiao RC, Chen CS, Yen CF. Factors Related to Caregivers' Intention to Vaccinate Their Elderly Family Members with Major Neurocognitive Disorders against COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:668. [PMID: 38932397 PMCID: PMC11209509 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination helps reduce the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in elderly individuals with major neurocognitive disorders (MNDs). However, some caregivers are hesitant to have their elderly family members with MNDs vaccinated against COVID-19. This study explored the factors influencing caregivers' intentions to vaccinate elderly family members with MNDs against COVID-19. A total of 232 caregivers of elderly family members with MNDs participated in this study. In this survey, data regarding COVID-19 vaccination acceptance, fear, side effects, family members' attitudes toward vaccination, mental health status, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairments were collected from the elderly participants with MNDs. The associations between these variables and the caregivers' intention to vaccinate their elderly family members with MNDs against COVID-19 were examined using a multivariable linear regression analysis model. The results revealed that caregivers' perceived familial support for vaccination, the perceived value of vaccination, and autonomy to vaccinate elder family members were positively correlated with caregivers' intention to vaccinate elderly family members with MNDs, whereas elderly family members' age was negatively correlated with caregiver intentions. This study demonstrated that caregiver factors (perceived familial support, value of vaccination, and autonomy) and elderly family members' age were correlated with caregiver intention. These factors should be considered in developing interventions to enhance caregivers' intentions to vaccinate their elderly family members with MNDs against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Feng Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80754, Taiwan; (M.-F.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80754, Taiwan; (M.-F.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80754, Taiwan; (M.-F.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ray C. Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cheng-Sheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80754, Taiwan; (M.-F.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80754, Taiwan; (M.-F.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Chen J, Li T, Zhao B, Chen H, Yuan C, Garden GA, Wu G, Zhu H. The interaction effects of age, APOE and common environmental risk factors on human brain structure. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad472. [PMID: 38112569 PMCID: PMC10793588 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests considerable diversity in brain aging trajectories, primarily arising from the complex interplay between age, genetic, and environmental risk factors, leading to distinct patterns of micro- and macro-cerebral aging. The underlying mechanisms of such effects still remain unclear. We conducted a comprehensive association analysis between cerebral structural measures and prevalent risk factors, using data from 36,969 UK Biobank subjects aged 44-81. Participants were assessed for brain volume, white matter diffusivity, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes, polygenic risk scores, lifestyles, and socioeconomic status. We examined genetic and environmental effects and their interactions with age and sex, and identified 726 signals, with education, alcohol, and smoking affecting most brain regions. Our analysis revealed negative age-APOE-ε4 and positive age-APOE-ε2 interaction effects, respectively, especially in females on the volume of amygdala, positive age-sex-APOE-ε4 interaction on the cerebellar volume, positive age-excessive-alcohol interaction effect on the mean diffusivity of the splenium of the corpus callosum, positive age-healthy-diet interaction effect on the paracentral volume, and negative APOE-ε4-moderate-alcohol interaction effects on the axial diffusivity of the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus. These findings highlight the need of considering age, sex, genetic, and environmental joint effects in elucidating normal or abnormal brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill NC 27514, United States
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Bingxin Zhao
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 265 South 37th Street, 3rd & 4th Floors, Philadelphia, PA 19104-1686, United States
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, United States
| | - Guorong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
- Departments of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 318 E Cameron Ave #3260, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- Departments of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 201 South Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, 101 Renee Lynne Ct, Carrboro, NC 27510, United States
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill NC 27514, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- Departments of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 318 E Cameron Ave #3260, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- Departments of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 201 South Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- Departments of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
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Wu D, Bi X, Chow KHM. Identification of female-enriched and disease-associated microglia (FDAMic) contributes to sexual dimorphism in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38178204 PMCID: PMC10765928 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia; it disproportionally affects women in terms of both incidence rates and severity of progression. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this clinical phenomenon remain elusive and ill-defined. METHODS In-depth analyses were performed with multiple human LOAD single-nucleus transcriptome datasets to thoroughly characterize cell populations in the cerebral cortex. ROSMAP bulk human brain tissue transcriptome and DNA methylome datasets were also included for validation. Detailed assessments of microglial cell subpopulations and their relevance to sex-biased changes at the tissue level were performed. Clinical trait associations, cell evolutionary trajectories, and transcription regulon analyses were conducted. RESULTS The relative numbers of functionally defective microglia were aberrantly increased uniquely among affected females. Substratification of the microglia into different subtypes according to their transcriptomic signatures identified a group of female-enriched and disease-associated microglia (FDAMic), the numbers of which were positively associated with disease severity. Phenotypically, these cells exhibit transcriptomic signatures that support active proliferation, MHC class II autoantigen presentation and amyloid-β binding, but they are also likely defective in phagocytosis. FDAMic are likely evolved from female activated response microglia (ARMic) with an APOE4 background and compromised estrogen receptor (ER) signaling that is deemed to be active among most subtypes of microglia. CONCLUSION This study offered important insights at both the cellular and molecular levels into how ER signaling affects microglial heterogeneity and function. FDAMic are associated with more advanced pathologies and severe trends of cognitive decline. Their emergence could, at least in part, explain the phenomenon of greater penetrance of the APOE4 genotype found in females. The biases of FDAMic emergence toward female sex and APOE4 status may also explain why hormone replacement therapy is more effective in APOE4 carriers. The pathologic nature of FDAMic suggests that selective modulations of these cells may help to regain brain neuroimmune homeostasis, serving as a new target for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoman Bi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Kim Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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Motta G, Thangaraj SV, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A on Senescence and Circadian Mediators in the Liver of Sheep. TOXICS 2023; 12:15. [PMID: 38250971 PMCID: PMC10818936 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) plays a critical role in the developmental programming of liver dysfunction that is characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circadian and aging processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We hypothesized that the prenatal BPA-induced fatty-liver phenotype of female sheep is associated with premature hepatic senescence and disruption in circadian clock genes. The expression of circadian rhythm and aging-associated genes, along with other markers of senescence such as telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and lipofuscin accumulation, were evaluated in the liver tissue of control and prenatal BPA groups. Prenatal BPA exposure significantly elevated the expression of aging-associated genes GLB1 and CISD2 and induced large magnitude differences in the expression of other aging genes-APOE, HGF, KLOTHO, and the clock genes PER2 and CLOCK-in the liver; the other senescence markers remained unaffected. Prenatal BPA-programmed aging-related transcriptional changes in the liver may contribute to pathological changes in liver function, elucidating the involvement of aging genes in the pathogenesis of liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (G.M.); (S.V.T.)
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Farup PG, Rootwelt H, Hestad K. APOE Polymorphism Is Associated with Changes in the Kynurenine Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1955. [PMID: 37895304 PMCID: PMC10606170 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOE polymorphism and the Kynurenine pathway (KP) are associated with many disorders, but little is known about associations between APOE polymorphism and the KP. This study explored the associations between the KP and APOE polymorphism in disorders associated with APOE polymorphism and changes in the KP. METHODS Subjects with morbid obesity before and after bariatric surgery (numbers 139 and 95, respectively), depression (number 49), and unspecified neurological symptoms (number 39) were included. The following grouping of the APOE genotypes was used: E2 = ɛ2ɛ2 + ɛ2ɛ3, E3 = ɛ3ɛ3 + ɛ2ɛ4, and E4 = ɛ3ɛ4 + ɛ4ɛ4. The KP metabolites Tryptophan, Kynurenine, Kynurenic acid, Quinolinic acid, and Xanthurenic acid were quantified in serum. RESULTS The main findings were a significant positive association between E3 and Quinolinic acid (difference between E3 and E2E4: 12.0 (3.5; 18.6) ng/mL); p = 0.005), and a negative association between E4 and Kynurenine (difference between E4 and E2E3: -31.3 (-54.2; -3.2) ng/mL; p = 0.008). Quinolinic acid has been ascribed neurotoxic and inflammatory effects, and Kynurenine is a marker of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that APOE polymorphism might cause changes in the KP that contribute to the disease. Inflammation could be the link between APOE and the KP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per G. Farup
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway;
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Knut Hestad
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway;
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Chen J, Doyle MF, Fang Y, Mez J, Crane PK, Scollard P, Satizabal CL, Alosco ML, Qiu WQ, Murabito JM, Lunetta KL. Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers are associated with cognitive function and dementia: Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13955. [PMID: 37584418 PMCID: PMC10577533 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory protein biomarkers induced by immune responses have been associated with cognitive decline and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigate associations between a panel of inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive function and incident dementia outcomes in the well-characterized Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. Participants aged ≥40 years and dementia-free at Exam 7 who had a stored plasma sample were selected for profiling using the OLINK proteomics inflammation panel. Cross-sectional associations of the biomarkers with cognitive domain scores (N = 708, 53% female, 22% apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers, 15% APOE ε2 carriers, mean age 61) and incident all-cause and AD dementia during up to 20 years of follow-up were tested. APOE genotype-stratified analyses were performed to explore effect modification. Higher levels of 12 and 3 proteins were associated with worse executive function and language domain factor scores, respectively. Several proteins were associated with more than one cognitive domain, including IL10, LIF-R, TWEAK, CCL19, IL-17C, MCP-4, and TGF-alpha. Stratified analyses suggested differential effects between APOE ε2 and ε4 carriers: most ε4 carrier associations were with executive function and memory domains, whereas most ε2 associations were with the visuospatial domain. Higher levels of TNFB and CDCP1 were associated with higher risks of incident all-cause and AD dementia. Our study found that TWEAK concentration was associated both with cognitive function and risks for AD dementia. The association of these inflammatory biomarkers with cognitive function and incident dementia may contribute to the discovery of therapeutic interventions for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Chen
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of BiostatisticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLarner College of Medicine, University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Yuan Fang
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of BiostatisticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
| | - Paul K. Crane
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Phoebe Scollard
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Michael L. Alosco
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Wei Qiao Qiu
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology & Experimental TherapeuticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of BiostatisticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Pizzonia KL, Suhr JA, Clark LA, Clark BC. The relation of ApoE and COMT gene-gene interactions to cognitive and motor function in community-dwelling older adults: a pilot study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1206473. [PMID: 37744392 PMCID: PMC10513033 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1206473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Certain genes increase the risk of age-related neurological dysfunction and/or disease. For instance, ApoE is a well-known gene carrying risk for Alzheimer's disease, while COMT has been associated with age-related reductions in motor function. There is growing interest in the interrelationship between age-related changes in cognitive and motor function, and examining gene-gene interactions in this context. In this pilot study we examined the relations of the ApoE and COMT genes and their interaction to both cognitive and motor performance in community-dwelling older adults. Methods We leveraged an archived dataset from a prior study on age-related muscle weakness in community-dwelling older adults. Sample size was between 72 and 82 individuals based on missing data. We examined the relationship of ApoE (Ɛ4 presence/absence), rs4680 SNP on the COMT gene (Val/Met, Val/Val, Met/Met), and sex on (1) overall cognitive functioning and specific cognitive domains known to decline in aging (processing speed, immediate and delayed memory, semantic and phonemic fluency, and executive functioning), and (2) indices of motor function (four square step test, short physical performance battery, grip strength/forearm lean mass, and purdue pegboard test). Results Homozygous COMT genotypes were associated with worse global cognitive performance, immediate memory, and semantic fluency, but only for older adults with at least one ApoE Ɛ4 allele. There were main effects for COMT for delayed memory and a main effect for both COMT and ApoE for coding and phonemic fluency. Women scored higher than men in overall cognition, immediate and delayed memory, and semantic fluency. There were no main effects or gene interactions for a measure of executive functioning (trial making test part B) or any of the measures of motor function. Discussion COMT, ApoE, and their interaction influence cognitive performance, but not motor functioning, in community dwelling older adults. Our work supports prior literature concluding that a heterozygous COMT genotype may be beneficial to sustain healthy cognitive functioning with advancing age for those who have a higher ApoE genetic risk status (at least one Ɛ4 allele). Future research should investigate interactions between COMT and ApoE in larger samples with comprehensive assessment of cognition and motor functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L. Pizzonia
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Julie A. Suhr
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Leatha A. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Brian C. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States
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Li Y, Chang J, Chen X, Liu J, Zhao L. Advances in the Study of APOE and Innate Immunity in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230179. [PMID: 37182889 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the nervous system (CNS) with an insidious onset. Clinically, it is characterized by a full range of dementia manifestations including memory impairment, aphasia, loss of speech, loss of use, loss of recognition, impairment of visuospatial skills, and impairment of executive function, as well as changes in personality and behavior. The exact cause of AD has not yet been identified. Nevertheless, modern research indicates that genetic factors contribute to 70% of human's risk of AD. Apolipoprotein (APOE) accounts for up to 90% of the genetic predisposition. APOE is a crucial gene that cannot be overstated. In addition, innate immunity plays a significant role in the etiology and treatment of AD. Understanding the different subtypes of APOE and their interconnections is of paramount importance. APOE and innate immunity, along with their relationship to AD, are primary research motivators for in-depth research and clinical trials. The exploration of novel technologies has led to an increasing trend in the study of AD at the cellular and molecular levels and continues to make more breakthroughs and progress. As of today, there is no effective treatment available for AD around the world. This paper aims to summarize and analyze the role of APOE and innate immunity, as well as development trends in recent years. It is anticipated that APOE and innate immunity will provide a breakthrough for humans to hinder AD progression in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Chang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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10
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Mavromatis LA, Rosoff DB, Bell AS, Jung J, Wagner J, Lohoff FW. Multi-omic underpinnings of epigenetic aging and human longevity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2236. [PMID: 37076473 PMCID: PMC10115892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is accompanied by increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs; however, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we use multi-omic methods to integrate genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data and identify biological associations with four measures of epigenetic age acceleration and a human longevity phenotype comprising healthspan, lifespan, and exceptional longevity (multivariate longevity). Using transcriptomic imputation, fine-mapping, and conditional analysis, we identify 22 high confidence associations with epigenetic age acceleration and seven with multivariate longevity. FLOT1, KPNA4, and TMX2 are novel, high confidence genes associated with epigenetic age acceleration. In parallel, cis-instrument Mendelian randomization of the druggable genome associates TPMT and NHLRC1 with epigenetic aging, supporting transcriptomic imputation findings. Metabolomics Mendelian randomization identifies a negative effect of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and associated lipoproteins on multivariate longevity, but not epigenetic age acceleration. Finally, cell-type enrichment analysis implicates immune cells and precursors in epigenetic age acceleration and, more modestly, multivariate longevity. Follow-up Mendelian randomization of immune cell traits suggests lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocytic surface molecules affect multivariate longevity and epigenetic age acceleration. Our results highlight druggable targets and biological pathways involved in aging and facilitate multi-omic comparisons of epigenetic clocks and human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Mavromatis
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew S Bell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Raulin AC, Doss SV, Trottier ZA, Ikezu TC, Bu G, Liu CC. ApoE in Alzheimer’s disease: pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:72. [PMID: 36348357 PMCID: PMC9644639 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing due to extended lifespans. Among the increasing number of genetic risk factors identified, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene remains the strongest and most prevalent, impacting more than half of all AD cases. While the ε4 allele of the APOE gene significantly increases AD risk, the ε2 allele is protective relative to the common ε3 allele. These gene alleles encode three apoE protein isoforms that differ at two amino acid positions. The primary physiological function of apoE is to mediate lipid transport in the brain and periphery; however, additional functions of apoE in diverse biological functions have been recognized. Pathogenically, apoE seeds amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain with apoE4 driving earlier and more abundant amyloids. ApoE isoforms also have differential effects on multiple Aβ-related or Aβ-independent pathways. The complexity of apoE biology and pathobiology presents challenges to designing effective apoE-targeted therapeutic strategies. This review examines the key pathobiological pathways of apoE and related targeting strategies with a specific focus on the latest technological advances and tools.
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12
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Naslavsky MS, Suemoto CK, Brito LA, Scliar MO, Ferretti-Rebustini RE, Rodriguez RD, Leite REP, Araujo NM, Borda V, Tarazona-Santos E, Jacob-Filho W, Pasqualucci C, Nitrini R, Yaffe K, Zatz M, Grinberg LT. Global and local ancestry modulate APOE association with Alzheimer's neuropathology and cognitive outcomes in an admixed sample. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4800-4808. [PMID: 36071110 PMCID: PMC9734036 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is more prevalent in Blacks than in Whites, likely due to a combination of environmental and biological factors. Paradoxically, clinical studies suggest an attenuation of APOE ε4 risk of dementia in African ancestry (AFR), but a dearth of neuropathological data preclude the interpretation of the biological factors underlying these findings, including the association between APOE ε4 risk and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, the most frequent cause of dementia. We investigated the interaction between African ancestry, AD-related neuropathology, APOE genotype, and functional cognition in a postmortem sample of 400 individuals with a range of AD pathology severity and lack of comorbid neuropathology from a cohort of community-dwelling, admixed Brazilians. Increasing proportions of African ancestry (AFR) correlated with a lower burden of neuritic plaques (NP). However, for individuals with a severe burden of NP and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), AFR proportion was associated with worse Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDR-SOB). Among APOE ε4 carriers, the association between AFR proportion and CDR-SOB disappeared. APOE local ancestry inference of a subset of 309 individuals revealed that, in APOE ε4 noncarriers, non-European APOE background correlated with lower NP burden and, also, worse cognitive outcomes than European APOE when adjusting by NP burden. Finally, APOE ε4 was associated with worse AD neuropathological burden only in a European APOE background. APOE genotype and its association with AD neuropathology and clinical pattern are highly influenced by ancestry, with AFR associated with lower NP burden and attenuated APOE ε4 risk compared to European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Satya Naslavsky
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Abreu Brito
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Eloah Ferretti-Rebustini
- Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem na Saúde do Adulto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renata E P Leite
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Matta Araujo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Borda
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- VA Medical Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Global brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Bruno F, Malvaso A, Chiesi F, Laganà V, Servidio R, Isella V, Ferrarese C, Gottardi F, Stella E, Agosta F, Filippi M, Lorenzo RD, Martin LR, Bruni AC, Maletta R. COVID-19 vaccine uptake among family caregivers of people with dementia: The role of attitudes toward vaccination, perceived social support and personality traits. Front Psychol 2022; 13:923316. [PMID: 35911007 PMCID: PMC9335157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
People with dementia have an increased risk of contracting severe forms of COVID-19. Although in worldwide vaccination programs priority has been given to older people, having taken the vaccine does not totally eliminate the risk of contracting COVID-19 when one is in close contact with unvaccinated people. Thus, family caregivers’ choices to remain unvaccinated against COVID-19 could have potentially lethal consequences for their relatives. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt within the international literature to analyze COVID-19 vaccine uptake among family caregivers of people with dementia and to identify some of the psychological factors, related to COVID-19 and vaccination behavior, that could facilitate or hinder vaccine uptake. Contact information for family caregivers was obtained from five different centers and associations throughout the Italian territory. Data were collected from 179 respondents during July-September 2021 using a cross-sectional web-based survey design. More than 75% of the respondents indicated that had been vaccinated against COVID-19 and reported receiving vaccine information mainly from print or electronic newspapers (86%), followed by TV (81%) and families (64.2%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, worries about unforeseen future effects was significantly related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake, indicating that family caregivers concerned about potential side effects of vaccines were less likely to have been vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR = 0.60, CI = 0.40-0.89). Openness to experience was also related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake, with family caregivers higher on this trait being less likely to have been vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR = 0.83, CI = 0.71-0.98). Implications for targeting of vaccine-related messages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research, Lamezia Terme, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Bruno,
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- Neurology Unit and Neurorehabilitation Unit and Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiesi
- Section of Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Laganà
- Association for Neurogenetic Research, Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Valentina Laganà,
| | - Rocco Servidio
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Valeria Isella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano – Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano – Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Agosta
- Neurology Unit and Neurorehabilitation Unit and Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit and Neurorehabilitation Unit and Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Leslie R. Martin
- Department of Psychology, La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, United States
| | | | - Raffaele Maletta
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research, Lamezia Terme, Italy
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14
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Li XL, Wang Q, Jia GD, Yin HJ, Wang YH, Hu C, Wang XQ, Yang Y. Apolipoprotein E*Ɛ2 carriers exhibit high aspirin-treated platelet reactivity and low cardiovascular risk during long-term aspirin treatment. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6596556. [PMID: 35647761 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (APOE) loci, including rs429358 (Ɛ4) and rs7412 (Ɛ2), are involved in cardiovascular (CV) health. However, their effect on the CV-protective effect of aspirin remains unknown. METHODS A total of 515 aspirin-treated individuals with existing CV diseases were recruited, and their APOE genotypes, platelet functions and other routine laboratory parameters were assessed when they enrolled. The first major CV events (myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularisation and CV death) and all CV events (major CV events plus unstable angina and transient ischaemic attack) during a mean 5.2-year follow-up period were recorded. RESULTS After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, lifestyle, lipid profiles and other CV drugs and comorbidities, Ɛ2 carriers were found to exhibit ~80% lower risk of major CV and 60% lower risk of all CV (HR = 0.186, CI: 0.048-0.715, P = 0.014; HR = 0.435, CI: 0.234-0.812, P = 0.009, respectively) than Ɛ2 noncarriers. Furthermore, high incidence of high platelet reactivity assessed by arachidonic acid-induced light transmission aggregometry (23.4 vs. 13.7%, P = 0.038), triglyceride and haemoglobin and low low-density lipoprotein were observed. Ɛ4 carriers had slightly increased cholesterol and hypercholesterolemia incidence relative to Ɛ4 noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that APOE*Ɛ2 carriers can derive additional CV benefit from long-term aspirin treatment. Moreover, it was observed that APOE2 interacts with cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and upregulates its activity. The CV-protective effect of aspirin in Ɛ2 carriers is likely attributed to APOE2 upregulating vascular COX-1-mediated CV protective pathway, together with aspirin partially inhibiting platelet COX-1-mediated platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- Department of the Eighth Healthcare , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing 100044, China
| | - Guo-Dong Jia
- Department of the Eighth Healthcare , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
| | - Hui-Jun Yin
- Department of the Eighth Healthcare , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
| | - Yao-Hui Wang
- Department of the Eighth Healthcare , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of the Eighth Healthcare , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wang
- Department of the Eighth Healthcare , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of the Eighth Healthcare , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital , Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, , Beijing 1000853, China
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15
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Host genetic basis of COVID-19: from methodologies to genes. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:899-907. [PMID: 35618891 PMCID: PMC9135575 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is having a massive impact on public health, societies, and economies worldwide. Despite the ongoing vaccination program, treating COVID-19 remains a high priority; thus, a better understanding of the disease is urgently needed. Initially, susceptibility was associated with age, sex, and other prior existing comorbidities. However, as these conditions alone could not explain the highly variable clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the attention was shifted toward the identification of the genetic basis of COVID-19. Thanks to international collaborations like The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, it became possible the elucidation of numerous genetic markers that are not only likely to help in explaining the varied clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients but can also guide the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics. Within this framework, this review delineates GWAS and Burden test as traditional methodologies employed so far for the discovery of the human genetic basis of COVID-19, with particular attention to recently emerged predictive models such as the post-Mendelian model. A summary table with the main genome-wide significant genomic loci is provided. Besides, various common and rare variants identified in genes like TLR7, CFTR, ACE2, TMPRSS2, TLR3, and SELP are further described in detail to illustrate their association with disease severity.
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16
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van de Weijer MP, Pelt DHM, de Vries LP, Baselmans BML, Bartels M. A Re-evaluation of Candidate Gene Studies for Well-Being in Light of Genome-Wide Evidence. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:3031-3053. [PMID: 35949913 PMCID: PMC9356956 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ever since twin-family studies found that a substantial amount (± 40%) of the variation in well-being can be explained by genetic variation, several candidate genes have been proposed explaining this variation. However, these candidate gene and candidate gene-by-environment interaction studies have been surrounded by controversy regarding the validity and replication of their results. In the present study, we review the existing candidate gene literature for well-being. First, we perform a systematic literature search that results in the inclusion of 41 studies. After describing the results of the included studies, we evaluated the included candidate polymorphisms by (1) looking up the results for the studied candidate SNPs in a large well-being genome-wide association study, (2) performing association analyses in UK biobank (UKB) data for the candidate variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) and the APOE ε4 allele, and (3) studying possible candidate interactions with positive and negative environmental moderators using UKB data. We find no support for any of the candidate genes or candidate gene-environment interactions for well-being, with the exception of two SNPs that were chosen based on genome-wide evidence. While the generalizability of our findings is limited by our phenotype and environment definitions, we strongly advise well-being researchers to abandon the candidate gene approach in the field of well-being and move toward genome-wide approaches. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-022-00538-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot P. van de Weijer
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk H. M. Pelt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne P. de Vries
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart M. L. Baselmans
- Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Technology, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Keathley J, Garneau V, Marcil V, Mutch DM, Robitaille J, Rudkowska I, Sofian GM, Desroches S, Vohl MC. Nutrigenetics, omega-3 and plasma lipids/lipoproteins/apolipoproteins with evidence evaluation using the GRADE approach: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054417. [PMID: 35193914 PMCID: PMC8867311 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the uptake of nutrigenetic testing through direct-to-consumer services and healthcare professionals, systematic reviews determining scientific validity are limited in this field. The objective of this review was to: retrieve, synthesise and assess the quality of evidence (confidence) for nutrigenetic approaches related to the effect of genetic variation on plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein responsiveness to omega-3 fatty acid intake. DESIGN A systematic review was conducted using three search engines (Embase, Web of Science and Medline) for articles published up until 1 August 2020. We aimed to systematically search, identify (select) and provide a narrative synthesis of all studies that assessed nutrigenetic associations/interactions for genetic variants (comparators) influencing the plasma lipid, lipoprotein and/or apolipoprotein response (outcomes) to omega-3 fatty acid intake (intervention/exposure) in humans-both paediatric and adult populations (population). We further aimed to assess the overall quality of evidence for specific priority nutrigenetic associations/interactions based on the following inclusion criteria: nutrigenetic associations/interactions reported for the same genetic variants (comparators) influencing the same plasma lipid, lipoprotein and/or apolipoprotein response (outcomes) to omega-3 fatty acid intake (intervention/exposure) in humans-both paediatric and adult populations (population) in at least two independent studies, irrespective of the findings. Risk of bias was assessed in individual studies. Evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach with a modification to further consider biological plausibility. RESULTS Out of 1830 articles screened, 65 met the inclusion criteria for the narrative synthesis (n=23 observational, n=42 interventional); of these, 25 met the inclusion criteria for GRADE evidence evaluation. Overall, current evidence is insufficient for gene-diet associations related to omega-3 fatty acid intake on plasma apolipoproteins, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and LDL particle size. However, there is strong (GRADE rating: moderate quality) evidence to suggest that male APOE-E4 carriers (rs429358, rs7412) exhibit significant triglyceride reductions in response to omega-3-rich fish oil with a dose-response effect. Moreover, strong (GRADE rating: high quality) evidence suggests that a 31-SNP nutrigenetic risk score can predict plasma triglyceride responsiveness to omega-3-rich fish oil in adults with overweight/obesity from various ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS Most evidence in this area is weak, but two specific nutrigenetic interactions exhibited strong evidence, with generalisability limited to specific populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020185087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Keathley
- Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Universite Laval, School of Nutrition, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Garneau
- Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Universite Laval, School of Nutrition, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Robitaille
- Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Universite Laval, School of Nutrition, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Desroches
- Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Universite Laval, School of Nutrition, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Universite Laval, School of Nutrition, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Diagnostic challenges posed by intersections between post-acute covid syndrome and neurocognitive disorders. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 67:102936. [PMID: 34844177 PMCID: PMC8606183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Gialluisi A, Santoro A, Tirozzi A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Franceschi C, Iacoviello L. Epidemiological and genetic overlap among biological aging clocks: New challenges in biogerontology. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101502. [PMID: 34700008 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estimators of biological age (BA) - defined as the hypothetical underlying age of an organism - have attracted more and more attention in the last years, especially after the advent of new algorithms based on machine learning and genetic markers. While different aging clocks reportedly predict mortality in the general population, very little is known on their overlap. Here we review the evidence reported so far to support the existence of a partial overlap among different BA acceleration estimators, both from an epidemiological and a genetic perspective. On the epidemiological side, we review evidence supporting shared and independent influence on mortality risk of different aging clocks - including telomere length, brain, blood and epigenetic aging - and provide an overview of how an important exposure like diet may affect the different aging systems. On the genetic side, we apply linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses to support the existence of partly shared genomic overlap among these aging clocks. Through multivariate analysis of published genetic associations with these clocks, we also identified the most associated variants, genes, and pathways, which may affect common mechanisms underlying biological aging of different systems within the body. Based on our analyses, the most implicated pathways were involved in inflammation, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting them as potential molecular targets for future anti-aging interventions. Overall, this review is meant as a contribution to the knowledge on the overlap of aging clocks, trying to clarify their shared biological basis and epidemiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Alfonsina Tirozzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging and Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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20
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Wu Y, Johnson G, Zhao F, Wu Y, Zhao G, Brown A, You S, Zou MH, Song P. Features of Lipid Metabolism in Humanized ApoE Knockin Rat Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158262. [PMID: 34361033 PMCID: PMC8347964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), an essential plasma apolipoprotein, has three isoforms (E2, E3, and E4) in humans. E2 is associated with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. E4 is the major susceptibility gene to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic lesions of novel humanized ApoE knockin (hApoE KI) rats in comparison to wide-type (WT) and ApoE knockout (ApoE KO) rats. The hApoE2 rats showed the lowest bodyweight and white fat mass. hApoE2 rats developed higher serum total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), and low- and very low density lipoprotein (LDL-C&VLDL-C). ApoE KO rats also exhibited elevated TC and LDL-C&VLDL-C. Only mild atherosclerotic lesions were detected in hApoE2 and ApoE KO aortic roots. Half of the hApoE2 rats developed hepatic nodular cirrhosis. A short period of the Paigen diet (PD) treatment led to the premature death of the hApoE2 and ApoE KO rats. Severe vascular wall thickening of the coronary and pulmonary arteries was observed in 4-month PD-treated hApoE4 rats. In conclusion, hApoE2 rats develop spontaneous hyperlipidemia and might be suitable for studies of lipid metabolism-related diseases. With the PD challenge, hApoE4 KI rats could be a novel model for the analysis of vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Gem Johnson
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Fujie Zhao
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Yin Wu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Guojun Zhao
- Envigo RMS, Inc., St. Louis, MO 63146, USA; (G.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrew Brown
- Envigo RMS, Inc., St. Louis, MO 63146, USA; (G.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Shaojin You
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-413-6636
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21
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Kotsev SV, Miteva D, Krayselska S, Shopova M, Pishmisheva-Peleva M, Stanilova SA, Velikova T. Hypotheses and facts for genetic factors related to severe COVID-19. World J Virol 2021; 10:137-155. [PMID: 34367930 PMCID: PMC8316875 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v10.i4.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association analysis allows the identification of potential candidate genes involved in the development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hence, it seems that genetics matters here, as well. Nevertheless, the virus's nature, including its RNA structure, determines the rate of mutations leading to new viral strains with all epidemiological and clinical consequences. Given these observations, we herein comment on the current hypotheses about the possible role of the genes in association with COVID-19 severity. We discuss some of the major candidate genes that have been identified as potential genetic factors associated with the COVID-19 severity and infection susceptibility: HLA, ABO, ACE2, TLR7, ApoE, TYK2, OAS, DPP9, IFNAR2, CCR2, etc. Further study of genes and genetic variants will be of great benefit for the prevention and assessment of the individual risk and disease severity in different populations. These scientific data will serve as a basis for the development of clinically applicable diagnostic and prognostic tests for patients at high risk of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Vasilev Kotsev
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pazardzhik Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, Pazardzhik 4400, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitrina Miteva
- Department of Genetics, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | | | - Martina Shopova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pazardzhik Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, Pazardzhik 4400, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Pishmisheva-Peleva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pazardzhik Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, Pazardzhik 4400, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska Angelova Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
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22
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Beydoun MA, Weiss J, Beydoun HA, Hossain S, Maldonado AI, Shen B, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Race, APOE genotypes, and cognitive decline among middle-aged urban adults. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:120. [PMID: 34193248 PMCID: PMC8247163 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Associations of Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε2 or ε4 (APOE2 or APOE4) dosages with cognitive change may differ across racial groups. Methods Longitudinal data on 1770 middle-aged White and African American adults was compiled from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS 2004-2013) study. APOE2 and APOE4 dosages were the two main exposures, while v1 and annual rate of change in cognitive performance (between v1 and v2) on 11 test scores were the main outcomes of interest (v1: 2004–2009 and v2: 2009–2013). Mixed-effects linear regression models were conducted adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-related potential confounders. Race (African American vs. White) and sex within racial groups were main effect modifiers. Results Upon adjustment for multiple testing and potential confounders, APOE4 allelic dosage was associated with faster decline on a test of verbal memory among Whites only (CVLT-List A: γ12 = − 0.363 ± 0.137, p = 0.008), but not among African Americans. In contrast, among African American women, APOE4 dosage was linked to slower decline on a test of attention (BTA: γ12 = + 0.106 ± 0.035, p = 0.002), while no association was detected among African American men. APOE2 and APOE4 dosages showed inconsistent results in other domains of cognition overall and across racial groups that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Conclusions In conclusion, APOE4 dosage was associated with faster decline on a test of verbal memory among Whites only, while exhibiting a potential protective effect among African American women in the domain of attention. Further longitudinal studies are needed to replicate our race and sex-specific findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00855-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIH Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Room #: 04B118, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - Sharmin Hossain
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIH Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Room #: 04B118, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ana I Maldonado
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIH Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Room #: 04B118, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - Botong Shen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIH Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Room #: 04B118, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIH Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Room #: 04B118, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIH Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Room #: 04B118, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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23
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He H, Lu H, Liu S, Cai J, Tang X, Mo C, Xu X, Chen Q, Xu M, Nong C, Liu Q, Zhang J, Qin J, Zhang Z. Effects of the association between APOE rs405509 polymorphisms and gene-environment interactions on hand grip strength among middle-aged and elderly people in a rural population in southern China. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:372. [PMID: 34116692 PMCID: PMC8194121 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hand grip strength is a complex phenotype. The current study aimed to identify the effects of the association between APOE rs405509 polymorphisms and gene-environment interactions on hand grip strength among middle-aged and elderly people in a rural population in Gongcheng, southern China. Methods APOE rs405509 polymorphisms in 1724 participants (695 men and 1029 women, aged 45–97 years old) were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 21.0 and Plink 1.90. Results The APOE rs405509 G allele was associated with lower hand grip strength in all participants (β = −1.04, P value <0.001), and the correlation seemed to be even stronger among women. A significant gene-environment interaction was observed between APOE rs405509 and smoking, especially in men. The hand grip strength of male smokers carrying the GG genotype was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers (P value = 0.004). Conclusions APOE rs405509 polymorphisms might be genetic factors that affect hand grip strength in a rural population in Gongcheng, southern China. The APOE rs405509-smoking interaction has an impact on hand grip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Department of Quality Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huaxiang Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Department of Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 18 Jinzhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiansheng Cai
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xu Tang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chunbao Mo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xia Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Quanhui Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chuntao Nong
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qiumei Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian Qin
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. .,School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 20 Lequn Road, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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24
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Kuo C, Pilling LC, Liu Z, Atkins JL, Levine ME. Genetic associations for two biological age measures point to distinct aging phenotypes. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13376. [PMID: 34038024 PMCID: PMC8208797 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological age measures outperform chronological age in predicting various aging outcomes, yet little is known regarding genetic predisposition. We performed genome-wide association scans of two age-adjusted biological age measures (PhenoAgeAcceleration and BioAgeAcceleration), estimated from clinical biochemistry markers (Levine et al., 2018; Levine, 2013) in European-descent participants from UK Biobank. The strongest signals were found in the APOE gene, tagged by the two major protein-coding SNPs, PhenoAgeAccel-rs429358 (APOE e4 determinant) (p = 1.50 × 10-72 ); BioAgeAccel-rs7412 (APOE e2 determinant) (p = 3.16 × 10-60 ). Interestingly, we observed inverse APOE e2 and e4 associations and unique pathway enrichments when comparing the two biological age measures. Genes associated with BioAgeAccel were enriched in lipid related pathways, while genes associated with PhenoAgeAccel showed enrichment for immune system, cell function, and carbohydrate homeostasis pathways, suggesting the two measures capture different aging domains. Our study reaffirms that aging patterns are heterogeneous across individuals, and the manner in which a person ages may be partly attributed to genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Ling Kuo
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
- Center on AgingSchool of MedicineUniversity of ConnecticutFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Luke C. Pilling
- Center on AgingSchool of MedicineUniversity of ConnecticutFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
- College of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Zuyun Liu
- Department of Big Data in Health ScienceSchool of Public Health and the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | | | - Morgan E. Levine
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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25
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Song J, Park DW, Cha JH, Seok H, Kim JY, Park J, Cho H. Clinical course and risk factors of fatal adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients in Korea: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10066. [PMID: 33980912 PMCID: PMC8115137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated association between epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and clinical outcomes in Korea. This nationwide retrospective cohort study included 5621 discharged patients with COVID-19, extracted from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) database. We compared clinical data between survivors (n = 5387) and non-survivors (n = 234). We used logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards model to explore risk factors of death and fatal adverse outcomes. Increased odds ratio (OR) of mortality occurred with age (≥ 60 years) [OR 11.685, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.655–34.150, p < 0.001], isolation period, dyspnoea, altered mentality, diabetes, malignancy, dementia, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The multivariable regression equation including all potential variables predicted mortality (AUC = 0.979, 95% CI 0.964–0.993). Cox proportional hazards model showed increasing hazard ratio (HR) of mortality with dementia (HR 6.376, 95% CI 3.736–10.802, p < 0.001), ICU admission (HR 4.233, 95% CI 2.661–6.734, p < 0.001), age ≥ 60 years (HR 3.530, 95% CI 1.664–7.485, p = 0.001), malignancy (HR 3.054, 95% CI 1.494–6.245, p = 0.002), and dyspnoea (HR 1.823, 95% CI 1.125–2.954, p = 0.015). Presence of dementia, ICU admission, age ≥ 60 years, malignancy, and dyspnoea could help clinicians identify COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Cha
- Medical Science Research Centre, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Seok
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeong Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghak Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Age and sex specific effects of APOE genotypes on ischemic heart disease and its risk factors in the UK Biobank. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9229. [PMID: 33927215 PMCID: PMC8085204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
APOE genotypes are associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD), several other cardiovascular diseases and dementia. Previous studies have not comprehensively considered all genotypes, especially ε2ε2, nor associations by age and sex, although IHD incidence differs by sex. In the UK Biobank, including 391,992 white British participants, we compared effects of APOE genotypes on IHD and its risk factors. Compared to the ε3ε3 genotype, ε2ε2 was not clearly associated with IHD but was associated with lower plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB). The ε2ε3 genotype conferred lower IHD risk, systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse pressure and plasma apoB than ε3ε3. ε3ε4 and ε4ε4 conferred higher IHD risk, higher pulse pressure and plasma apoB, but lower glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) than ε3ε3. The associations by age and sex were fairly similar, except ε2ε2 compared to ε3ε3 was marginally positively associated with IHD in the younger age group and nominally inversely associated with SBP in men. ε3ε4 compared to ε3ε3 was nominally positively associated with SBP in women. APOE genotypes affect IHD risk increasingly from ε2ε3, ε3ε3, ε3ε4 to ε4ε4, with similar patterns for pulse pressure and plasma apoB, but not for diabetes. Associations with blood pressure differed by sex. Greater understanding of products of APOE and their effects might generate targets of intervention.
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Laguarta J, Subirana B. Longitudinal Speech Biomarkers for Automated Alzheimer's Detection. FRONTIERS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2021.624694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a novel audio processing architecture, the Open Voice Brain Model (OVBM), improving detection accuracy for Alzheimer's (AD) longitudinal discrimination from spontaneous speech. We also outline the OVBM design methodology leading us to such architecture, which in general can incorporate multimodal biomarkers and target simultaneously several diseases and other AI tasks. Key in our methodology is the use of multiple biomarkers complementing each other, and when two of them uniquely identify different subjects in a target disease we say they are orthogonal. We illustrate the OBVM design methodology by introducing sixteen biomarkers, three of which are orthogonal, demonstrating simultaneous above state-of-the-art discrimination for two apparently unrelated diseases such as AD and COVID-19. Depending on the context, throughout the paper we use OVBM indistinctly to refer to the specific architecture or to the broader design methodology. Inspired by research conducted at the MIT Center for Brain Minds and Machines (CBMM), OVBM combines biomarker implementations of the four modules of intelligence: The brain OS chunks and overlaps audio samples and aggregates biomarker features from the sensory stream and cognitive core creating a multi-modal graph neural network of symbolic compositional models for the target task. In this paper we apply the OVBM design methodology to the automated diagnostic of Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) patients, achieving above state-of-the-art accuracy of 93.8% using only raw audio, while extracting a personalized subject saliency map designed to longitudinally track relative disease progression using multiple biomarkers, 16 in the reported AD task. The ultimate aim is to help medical practice by detecting onset and treatment impact so that intervention options can be longitudinally tested. Using the OBVM design methodology, we introduce a novel lung and respiratory tract biomarker created using 200,000+ cough samples to pre-train a model discriminating cough cultural origin. Transfer Learning is subsequently used to incorporate features from this model into various other biomarker-based OVBM architectures. This biomarker yields consistent improvements in AD detection in all the starting OBVM biomarker architecture combinations we tried. This cough dataset sets a new benchmark as the largest audio health dataset with 30,000+ subjects participating in April 2020, demonstrating for the first time cough cultural bias.
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Hariyanto TI, Putri C, Situmeang RFV, Kurniawan A. Dementia is Associated with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection. Am J Med Sci 2021; 361:394-395. [PMID: 33494933 PMCID: PMC7591314 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Putri
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | | | - Andree Kurniawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia.
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Xiang Q, Andersen SL, Perls TT, Sebastiani P. Studying the Interplay Between Apolipoprotein E and Education on Cognitive Decline in Centenarians Using Bayesian Beta Regression. Front Genet 2021; 11:606831. [PMID: 33488674 PMCID: PMC7820893 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.606831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is an important risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease in aging individuals. Among the 3 known alleles of this gene: e2, e3, and e4, the e4 allele is associated with faster cognitive decline and increased risk for Alzheimer's and dementia, while the e2 allele has a positive effect on longevity, and possibly on preservation of cognitive function. Education also has an important effect on cognition and longevity but the interplay between APOE and education is not well-characterized. Previous studies of the effect of APOE on cognitive decline often used linear regression with the normality assumption, which may not be appropriate for analyzing bounded and skewed neuropsychological test scores. In this paper, we applied Bayesian beta regression to assess the effect of APOE alleles on cognitive decline in a cohort of centenarians with longitudinal assessment of their cognitive function. The analysis confirmed the negative association between older age and cognition and the beneficial effect of education that persists even at the extreme of human lifespan in carriers of the e3 allele. In addition, the analysis showed an association between APOE and cognition that is modified by education. Surprisingly, an antagonistic interaction existed between higher education and APOE alleles, suggesting that education may reduce the positive effect of APOE e2 and increase the negative effect of APOE e4 at extreme old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Xiang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stacy Lynn Andersen
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas T. Perls
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Dementia is a predictor for mortality outcome from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:393-395. [PMID: 33104903 PMCID: PMC7586198 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Shi X, Wang J, Dai S, Qin L, Zhou J, Chen Y. Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1): A Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Cervical Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12881-12891. [PMID: 33364782 PMCID: PMC7751697 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s280690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports showed that APOC1 was associated with several cancers but the function of APOC1 in cervical cancer was unknown. This study aimed to investigate the clinical effect and function of APOC1 in cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the relative expression of APOC1 in cervical cancer was detected by RT-qPCR. In order to determine the cell proliferation and migration and invading ability and apoptosis more accurately, we used CCK8 assay, Edu assay, wound healing assay, migration and invasion assay, flow cytometry assay, co-immunoprecipitation, proteomics and Western blot by silencing and overexpressing APOC1, respectively. The role of APOC1 on tumor progression was explored in vitro and vivo. RESULTS The relative expression of APOC1 in cervical cancer tissues was up-regulated (P<0.05). In cervical cancer cell lines, silencing of APOC1 restrained cell progression and EMT, while over-expression of APOC1 accelerated cell progression and EMT in vivo and vitro (P<0.05). CONCLUSION APOC1 acts as an oncogene in cervical cancers and knockdown of APOC1 inhibited cervical cancer cells growth in vitro and in vivo. There is a close relationship between the relative expression of APOC1 and clinical outcome in cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouqian Dai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Qin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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Hariyanto TI, Putri C, Arisa J, Situmeang RFV, Kurniawan A. Dementia and outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 93:104299. [PMID: 33285424 PMCID: PMC7674980 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of positive and death cases from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still increasing until now. One of the most prone individuals, even in normal situations is patients with dementia. Currently, no study provides clear evidence regarding the link between dementia and COVID-19. This study aims to analyze the relationship between dementia and poor outcomes of COVID-19 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed and Europe PMC database using specific keywords related to our aims until October 25th, 2020. All articles published on COVID-19 and dementia were retrieved. The quality of the study was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool for observational studies. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 24 studies with 46,391 dementia patients were included in this meta-analysis. This meta-analysis showed that dementia was associated with composite poor outcome [RR 2.67 (95% CI 2.06 - 3.47), p < 0.00001, I2 = 99%, random-effect modeling] and its subgroup which comprised of risk of COVID-19 infection [RR 2.76 (95% CI 1.43 - 5.33), p = 0.003, I2 = 99%, random-effect modeling], severe COVID-19 [RR 2.63 (95% CI 1.41 - 4.90), p = 0.002, I2 = 89%, random-effect modeling], and mortality from COVID-19 infection [RR 2.62 (95% CI 2.04 - 3.36), p < 0.00001, I2 = 96%, random-effect modeling]. CONCLUSIONS Extra care and close monitoring should then be provided to patients with dementia to minimize the risk of infections, preventing the development of severe and mortality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotius Ivan Hariyanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia 15811
| | - Cynthia Putri
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia 15811
| | - Jessie Arisa
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia 15811
| | - Rocksy Fransisca V Situmeang
- Memory clinic, Department of Neurology, Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia 15811
| | - Andree Kurniawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia 15811.
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Anastassopoulou C, Gkizarioti Z, Patrinos GP, Tsakris A. Human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:40. [PMID: 33092637 PMCID: PMC7578581 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 marked the synchronization of the world to a peculiar clock that is counting infected cases and deaths instead of hours and minutes. The pandemic, highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has indeed caused considerable morbidity and mortality and drastically changed our everyday lives. As we continue to become acquainted with the seventh coronavirus known to infect our species, a number of its characteristics keep surprising us. Among those is the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which ranges from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections to severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death. MAIN BODY Data, now from patient populations, are beginning to accumulate on human genetic factors that may contribute to the observed diversified disease severity. Therefore, we deemed it prudent to review the associations between specific human genetic variants and clinical disease severity or susceptibility to infection that have been reported in the literature to date (at the time of writing this article in early August 2020 with updates in mid-September). With this work, we hope (i) to assist the fast-paced biomedical research efforts to combat the virus by critically summarizing current knowledge on the potential role of host genetics, and (ii) to help guide current genetics and genomics research towards candidate gene variants that warrant further investigation in larger studies. We found that determinants of differing severity of COVID-19 predominantly include components of the immune response to the virus, while determinants of differing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 mostly entail genes related to the initial stages of infection (i.e., binding of the cell surface receptor and entry). CONCLUSION Elucidating the genetic determinants of COVID-19 severity and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection would allow for the stratification of individuals according to risk so that those at high risk would be prioritized for immunization, for example, if or when safe and effective vaccines are developed. Our enhanced understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms could also guide personalized therapeutics. Such knowledge is already beginning to provide clues that help explain, at least in part, current epidemiologic observations regarding the typically more severe or benign disease course in older males and children, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Zoi Gkizarioti
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Kuo CL, Pilling LC, Atkins JL, Masoli JAH, Delgado J, Kuchel GA, Melzer D. APOE e4 Genotype Predicts Severe COVID-19 in the UK Biobank Community Cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:2231-2232. [PMID: 32451547 PMCID: PMC7314139 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Kuo
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Janice L Atkins
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Jane A H Masoli
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
| | - João Delgado
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - George A Kuchel
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington
| | - David Melzer
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
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Kuo CL, Pilling LC, Atkins JL, Masoli JAH, Delgado J, Kuchel GA, Melzer D. ApoE e4e4 Genotype and Mortality With COVID-19 in UK Biobank. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1801-1803. [PMID: 32623451 PMCID: PMC7337688 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Kuo
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington.,Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington.,Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Janice L Atkins
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Jane A H Masoli
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK.,Department of Healthcare for Older People, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
| | - João Delgado
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - George A Kuchel
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington
| | - David Melzer
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington.,Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
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Kuo CL, Pilling LC, Liu Z, Atkins JL, Levine M. Genetic associations for two biological age measures point to distinct aging phenotypes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32676622 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.10.20150797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological age measures outperform chronological age in predicting various aging outcomes, yet little is known regarding genetic predisposition. We performed genome-wide association scans of two age-adjusted biological age measures (PhenoAgeAcceleration and BioAgeAcceleration), estimated from clinical biochemistry markers 1,2 in European-descent participants from UK Biobank. The strongest signals were found in the APOE gene, tagged by the two major protein-coding SNPs, PhenoAgeAccel-rs429358 (APOE e4 determinant) (p=1.50 × 10 -72 ); BioAgeAccel-rs7412 (APOE e2 determinant) (p=3.16 × 10 -60 ). Interestingly, we observed inverse APOE e2 and e4 associations and unique pathway enrichments when comparing the two biological age measures. Genes associated with BioAgeAccel were enriched in lipid related pathways, while genes associated with PhenoAgeAccel showed enrichment for immune system, cell function, and carbohydrate homeostasis pathways, suggesting the two measures capture different aging domains. Our study reaffirms that aging patterns are heterogenous across individuals, and the manner in which a person ages may be partly attributed to genetic predisposition.
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