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de Queiroz AA, França EL, Gadenz GRB, Dalcin LDL, Fujimori M, França DCH, Gomes MA, Honorio-França AC. Correlation between Melatonin and Colostral Regulatory T Cells in Giardia lamblia Infection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:744. [PMID: 39062459 PMCID: PMC11275092 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Giardiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) that affects people worldwide. Still, few studies report on the immunoregulatory effects of the biomolecules of colostrum during interactions with G. lamblia. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of melatonin and cortisol hormones, the percentage of Treg cells, and the levels of cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in colostrum from mothers who tested positive for the parasite. This cross-sectional study analyzed colostrum samples from 25 puerperal. The samples were tested using an ELISA to determine if they were seropositive for G. lamblia and the type of antibody present (IgM and IgG). Based on the results, the samples were divided into three groups: a control group (N = 10) with no reaction to either IgM or IgG, a group seropositive for IgG (IgG+/IgM-; N = 8), and a group seropositive for IgM (IgM+/IgG-; N = 7). The concentrations of melatonin and cortisol were measured using the ELISA method. Additionally, cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β and immunophenotyping were analyzed using flow cytometry. In the group that tested positive for IgM anti-G. lamblia, the concentration of melatonin was lower. However, in the colostrum from mothers who tested positive for IgG anti-G. lamblia, the level of this hormone had increased. The cortisol levels were similar between the groups, regardless of seropositivity. There was a higher percentage of Treg cells in the colostrum from mothers who tested positive for IgM anti-G. lamblia. TGF-β levels also increased in the colostrum of mothers who tested positive for IgM anti-G. lamblia. In the seronegative group for G. lamblia, there was a positive correlation between melatonin concentration and the percentage of Treg cells. These data suggest that the increase in regulatory cells and cytokines and the reduction in melatonin in colostrum from mothers with recent giardia infection may contribute to the evolution and manifestation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriele Ataides de Queiroz
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.A.d.Q.); (M.A.G.)
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 31270-901, Brazil; (E.L.F.); (G.R.B.G.); (L.D.L.D.); (M.F.); (D.C.H.F.)
| | - Eduardo Luzía França
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 31270-901, Brazil; (E.L.F.); (G.R.B.G.); (L.D.L.D.); (M.F.); (D.C.H.F.)
| | - Gabriella Regina Borges Gadenz
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 31270-901, Brazil; (E.L.F.); (G.R.B.G.); (L.D.L.D.); (M.F.); (D.C.H.F.)
| | - Letícia Damas Leão Dalcin
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 31270-901, Brazil; (E.L.F.); (G.R.B.G.); (L.D.L.D.); (M.F.); (D.C.H.F.)
| | - Mahmi Fujimori
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 31270-901, Brazil; (E.L.F.); (G.R.B.G.); (L.D.L.D.); (M.F.); (D.C.H.F.)
| | - Danielle Cristina Honorio França
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 31270-901, Brazil; (E.L.F.); (G.R.B.G.); (L.D.L.D.); (M.F.); (D.C.H.F.)
| | - Maria Aparecida Gomes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.A.d.Q.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Adenilda Cristina Honorio-França
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 31270-901, Brazil; (E.L.F.); (G.R.B.G.); (L.D.L.D.); (M.F.); (D.C.H.F.)
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Hao Y, Su Y, He Y, Zhang W, Liu Y, Guo Y, Chen X, Liu C, Han S, Wang B, Liu Y, Zhao W, Mu L, Wang J, Peng H, Han J, Kong Q. Impaired cerebral microvascular endothelial cells integrity due to elevated dopamine in myasthenic model. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:10. [PMID: 38178152 PMCID: PMC10765813 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by pathogenic antibodies that target structures of the neuromuscular junction. However, some patients also experience autonomic dysfunction, anxiety, depression, and other neurological symptoms, suggesting the complex nature of the neurological manifestations. With the aim of explaining the symptoms related to the central nervous system, we utilized a rat model to investigate the impact of dopamine signaling in the central nervous and peripheral circulation. We adopted several screening methods, including western blot, quantitative PCR, mass spectrum technique, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. In this study, we observed increased and activated dopamine signaling in both the central nervous system and peripheral circulation of myasthenia gravis rats. Furthermore, changes in the expression of two key molecules, Claudin5 and CD31, in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier were also examined in these rats. We also confirmed that dopamine incubation reduced the expression of ZO1, Claudin5, and CD31 in endothelial cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Overall, this study provides novel evidence suggesting that pathologically elevated dopamine in both the central nervous and peripheral circulation of myasthenia gravis rats impair brain-blood barrier integrity by inhibiting junction protein expression in brain microvascular endothelial cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yinchun Su
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xingfan Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunhan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siyu Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Buyi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yushuang Liu
- Medicine Department of Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lili Mu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Junwei Han
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
- The Heilongjiang Provincial Joint Laboratory of Basic Medicine and Multiple Organ System Diseases (International Cooperation), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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Li S, Wu J, Cao N, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yang T, Miao Y, Pan L, Xiao H, Liu M, Sun C, Yao J, Xiao X. Jingfang granules ameliorate inflammation and immune disorders in mice exposed to low temperature and high humidity by restoring the dysregulation of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115050. [PMID: 37354813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The dramatic changes in global climate on human health have been extremely severe. The immune disorder caused by low temperature and high humidity (LTHH) have become a severe public health issue. Clinically, Jingfang granule (JF) has the effect of dispelling cold and eliminating dampness, and is widely used in the treatment of cold caused by wind and cold, autoimmune diseases, and COVID-19 with cold-dampness stagnating in the lung pattern. Our study aims to elucidate the effect of JF on LTHH-induced immune disorders in mice as well as the underlying mechanisms. In this study, JF increased the spleen index, improved fecal character, repaired the intestinal barrier and alleviated intestinal inflammatory responses. Most importantly, JF ameliorated immune disorder in LTHH mice, which was manifested primarily by the significant increase in gdT, CD8+ Tcm, and CD8+ Tem cells, as well as the decrease in TH1, TH17, CD4+ Tem1, CD4+ Tem2, immature NK, mature NK cells, and M1-like macrophages. Interestingly, the JF treatment not only regulated the gut microbiota by decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria, as well as up-regulating the abundance of beneficial bacteria, but also ameliorated the metabolic disorders by reversing the levels of fecal metabolites to normality. The results of the correlation analysis demonstrated a significant association among gut microbiota, fecal metabolites and immune cells. In addition, JF inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in LTHH mice. In conclusion, our results suggested that JF alleviated inflammation and immune disorders in LTHH mice by restoring gut microbiota and fecal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jieyi Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ningning Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | | | - Tianye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 273400, China
| | - Yu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 273400, China
| | - Lihong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 273400, China
| | - He Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 273400, China
| | - Mingfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenghong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 273400, China.
| | - Jingchun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 276005, China; Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 273400, China.
| | - Xuefeng Xiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Olson KE, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. The potential for treg-enhancing therapies in nervous system pathologies. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:108-121. [PMID: 36041453 PMCID: PMC10019130 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While inflammation may not be the cause of disease, it is well known that it contributes to disease pathogenesis across a multitude of peripheral and central nervous system disorders. Chronic and overactive inflammation due to an effector T-cell-mediated aberrant immune response ultimately leads to tissue damage and neuronal cell death. To counteract peripheral and neuroinflammatory responses, research is being focused on regulatory T cell enhancement as a therapeutic target. Regulatory T cells are an immunosuppressive subpopulation of CD4+ T helper cells essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. The cells play pivotal roles in suppressing immune responses to maintain immune tolerance. In so doing, they control T cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production curtailing autoimmunity and inflammation. For nervous system pathologies, Treg are known to affect the onset and tempo of neural injuries. To this end, we review recent findings supporting Treg's role in disease, as well as serving as a therapeutic agent in multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An ever-broader role for Treg in the control of neurologic disease has been shown for traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurotrophic pain, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders. To such ends, this review serves to examine the role played by Tregs in nervous system diseases with a focus on harnessing their functional therapeutic role(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - R L Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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Liu Y, Tan YQ, Zhou G. Melatonin: a potential therapeutic approach for the management of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Immunol Res 2023; 71:373-387. [PMID: 36715831 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the exocrine glands and is mainly characterized by sicca symptoms of the eyes and mouth. Approximately 30-50% of pSS patients develop systemic multi-organ disorders including malignant lymphoma. The etiology of pSS is not well understood; growing evidence suggests that uncontrolled immune/inflammatory responses, excessive oxidative stress, defected apoptosis, dysregulated autophagy, exosomes, and exogenous virus infections may participate in the pathogenesis of pSS. There is no ideal therapeutic method for pSS; the management of pSS is mainly palliative, which aims to alleviate sicca symptoms. Melatonin, as the main secretory product of the pineal gland, has been evidenced to show various physiological functions, including effects of immunoregulation, capability of antioxidation, moderation of autophagy, suppressive activities of apoptosis, regulative capacity of exosomes, properties of anti-infection, and improvement of sleep. The beneficial effects of melatonin have been already validated in some autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, our previous research firstly revealed that melatonin might inhibit pathogenic responses of peripheral Th17 and double-negative (DN) T cells in pSS. More importantly, melatonin administration alleviated the development of pSS in animal models with reduced infiltrating lymphocytes, improved functional activity of salivary gland, and decreased production of inflammatory factors as well as autoantibodies. Owing to the important biological properties reported in melatonin are characteristics closely related to the treatment of pSS; the potential role and underlying mechanisms of melatonin in the administration of pSS are certainly worth further investigations. Consequently, the aim of this review is to give a deep insight to the therapeutic potency of melatonin for pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Qin Tan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, China.
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Moein S, Alipourian A, Qujeq D, Malakoti F, Alemi F, Yousefi B, Khazaie S. Melatonin and inflammatory bowel disease: From basic mechanisms to clinical application. Biochimie 2022; 209:20-36. [PMID: 36535545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease and has periods of recurrence and remission. Improper immune responses to gut flora bacteria, along with genetic susceptibility, appear to be involved in causing this complex disease. It seems dysbiosis and oxidative stress may also be involved in IBD pathogenesis. A significant number of clinical studies have shown an interesting association between sleep disturbances and IBD. Studies in animal models have also shown that sleep deprivation has a significant effect on the pathogenesis of IBD and can aggravate inflammation. These interesting findings have drawn attention to melatonin, a sleep-related hormone. Melatonin is mainly produced by the pineal gland, but many tissues in the body, including the intestines, can produce it. Melatonin can have an interesting effect on the pathogenesis of IBD. Melatonin can enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier, alter the composition of intestinal bacteria in favor of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, regulate the immune response, alleviate inflammation and attenuate oxidative stress. It seems that, melatonin supplementation is effective in relieving inflammation and healing intestinal ulcers in IBD animal models. Some clinical studies have also shown that melatonin supplementation as an adjuvant therapy may be helpful in reducing disease activity in IBD patients. In this review article, in addition to reviewing the effects of sleep disturbances and melatonin on key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, we will review the findings of clinical studies regarding the effects of melatonin supplementation on IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Alipourian
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology: A Role for Melatonin in This New Paradigm. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154888. [PMID: 35956837 PMCID: PMC9370109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology is the area of study of the intimate relationship between immune, physical, emotional, and psychological aspects. This new way of studying the human body and its diseases was initiated in the last century’s first decades. However, the molecules that participate in the communication between the immune, endocrine, and neurological systems are still being discovered. This paper aims to describe the development of psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology, its scopes, limitations in actual medicine, and the extent of melatonin within it.
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Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1569-1596. [PMID: 35665873 PMCID: PMC9167428 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is an indole hormone secreted primarily by the pineal gland that showing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacity. It can play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various diseases. In this regard, different studies have shown that there is a relationship between Melatonin and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the Central Nervous System. AIM The objective of this review was to evaluate the mechanisms of action of melatonin on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis caused by MS, as well as its interaction with different hormones and factors that can influence the pathophysiology of the disease. RESULTS Melatonin causes a significant increase in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and can counteract and inhibit the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which would also be beneficial during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, melatonin increases antimicrobial peptides, especially Reg3β, which could be useful in controlling the microbiota. CONCLUSION Melatonin could exert a beneficial effect in people suffering from MS, running as a promising candidate for the treatment of this disease. However, more research in human is needed to help understand the possible interaction between melatonin and certain sex hormones, such as estrogens, to know the potential therapeutic efficacy in both men and women.
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Nikolaev G, Robeva R, Konakchieva R. Membrane Melatonin Receptors Activated Cell Signaling in Physiology and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010471. [PMID: 35008896 PMCID: PMC8745360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pineal hormone melatonin has attracted great scientific interest since its discovery in 1958. Despite the enormous number of basic and clinical studies the exact role of melatonin in respect to human physiology remains elusive. In humans, two high-affinity receptors for melatonin, MT1 and MT2, belonging to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been cloned and identified. The two receptor types activate Gi proteins and MT2 couples additionally to Gq proteins to modulate intracellular events. The individual effects of MT1 and MT2 receptor activation in a variety of cells are complemented by their ability to form homo- and heterodimers, the functional relevance of which is yet to be confirmed. Recently, several melatonin receptor genetic polymorphisms were discovered and implicated in pathology-for instance in type 2 diabetes, autoimmune disease, and cancer. The circadian patterns of melatonin secretion, its pleiotropic effects depending on cell type and condition, and the already demonstrated cross-talks of melatonin receptors with other signal transduction pathways further contribute to the perplexity of research on the role of the pineal hormone in humans. In this review we try to summarize the current knowledge on the membrane melatonin receptor activated cell signaling in physiology and pathology and their relevance to certain disease conditions including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Nikolaev
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ralitsa Robeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rossitza Konakchieva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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