1
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Cao L, Qian W, Li W, Ma Z, Xie S. Type III interferon exerts thymic stromal lymphopoietin in mediating adaptive antiviral immune response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250541. [PMID: 37809098 PMCID: PMC10556530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, it was believed that type III interferon (IFN-III) has functions similar to those of type I interferon (IFN-I). However, recently, emerging findings have increasingly indicated the non-redundant role of IFN-III in innate antiviral immune responses. Still, the regulatory activity of IFN-III in adaptive immune response has not been clearly reported yet due to the low expression of IFN-III receptors on most immune cells. In the present study, we reviewed the adjuvant, antiviral, antitumor, and disease-moderating activities of IFN-III in adaptive immunity; moreover, we further elucidated the mechanisms of IFN-III in mediating the adaptive antiviral immune response in a thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-dependent manner, a pleiotropic cytokine involved in mucosal adaptive immunity. Research has shown that IFN-III can enhance the antiviral immunogenic response in mouse species by activating germinal center B (GC B) cell responses after stimulating TSLP production by microfold (M) cells, while in human species, TSLP exerts OX40L for regulating GC B cell immune responses, which may also depend on IFN-III. In conclusion, our review highlights the unique role of the IFN-III/TSLP axis in mediating host adaptive immunity, which is mechanically different from IFN-I. Therefore, the IFN-III/TSLP axis may provide novel insights for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, and Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanlin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyue Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenglong Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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2
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Murata K, Mizokami M. Possible biological mechanisms of entecavir versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:683-691. [PMID: 36918402 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a life-threatening infectious virus associated with the risk of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Regarding HBV treatment, the recent development of nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NUC), HBV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, enabled favorable viral control as well as improved prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, NUC fails to clear HBV because the formation of covalently closed circular DNA or HBV surface antigen occurs upstream of the point of action of NUC. Recently, we found that acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANP) such as adefovir or tenofovir, but not lamivudine or entecavir, induced IFN-λ3 productions in the gastrointestinal tract and modulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated cytokine profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, such as interleukin (IL)-12p70 induction and IL-10 inhibition, which are immunologically favorable cytokine profiles for HBV elimination. Furthermore, IFN-α, in combination with ANP, showed additional and synergistic effects on IFN-λ3 and IL-12p70 production, respectively, while not affecting IL-10 levels. Mechanistic analyses of the cytokine modulation by ANP revealed that ANP blocked the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by inhibiting Akt translocation to the plasma membrane, thereby inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. As it has been reported that IFN-λ inhibits tumor growth directly or indirectly and the mTOR pathway is generally activated in most cancer cells, ANP might have potential anti-HCC effects. Our in vitro and ex vivo findings might stir the debate on whether types of NUC affect the risk of HBV-related HCC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumoto Murata
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
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3
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Murillo-León M, Bastidas-Quintero AM, Endres NS, Schnepf D, Delgado-Betancourt E, Ohnemus A, Taylor GA, Schwemmle M, Staeheli P, Steinfeldt T. IFN-λ is protective against lethal oral Toxoplasma gondii infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.24.529861. [PMID: 36865100 PMCID: PMC9980175 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Interferons are essential for innate and adaptive immune responses against a wide variety of pathogens. Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) protects mucosal barriers during pathogen exposure. The intestinal epithelium is the first contact site for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) with its hosts and the first defense line that limits parasite infection. Knowledge of very early T. gondii infection events in the gut tissue is limited and a possible contribution of IFN-λ has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate with systemic interferon lambda receptor (IFNLR1) and conditional (Villin-Cre) knockout mouse models and bone marrow chimeras of oral T. gondii infection and mouse intestinal organoids a significant impact of IFN-λ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and neutrophils to T. gondii control in the gastrointestinal tract. Our results expand the repertoire of interferons that contribute to the control of T. gondii and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches against this world-wide zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Murillo-León
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aura M. Bastidas-Quintero
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niklas S. Endres
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Current address:Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Current address: Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregory A. Taylor
- Departments of Medicine; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; and Immunology; and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710 Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, NC 27705 Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Steinfeldt
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Zhang X, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Yan Z, Wang Q, Li X. Double-edged effects of interferons on the regulation of cancer-immunity cycle. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1929005. [PMID: 34262796 PMCID: PMC8253121 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1929005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a large family of pleiotropic cytokines that regulate both innate and adaptive immunity and show anti-cancer effects in various cancer types. Moreover, it was revealed that IFN signaling plays critical roles in the success of cancer therapy strategies, thereby enhancing their therapeutic effects. However, IFNs have minimal or even adverse effects on cancer eradication, and mediate cancer immune escape in some instances. Thus, IFNs have a double-edged effect on the cancer immune response. Recent studies suggest that IFNs regulate each step of the cancer immunity-cycle, consisting of cancer antigen release, presentation of antigens and activation of T cells, trafficking and infiltration of effector T cells into the tumor microenvironment, and recognition and killing of cancer cells, which contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of IFNs in regulating cancer immunity. In this review, we focus on IFNs and cancer immunity and elaborate on the roles of IFNs in regulating the cancer-immunity cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng City Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng City Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Zhengbin Yan
- Department of Stomatology, the PeopIe's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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5
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Natural Killer-Dendritic Cell Interactions in Liver Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092184. [PMID: 34062821 PMCID: PMC8124166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The reciprocal crosstalk between dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells plays a pivotal role in regulating immune defense against viruses and tumors. The Th-cell polarizing ability, cytokine-producing capacity, chemokine expression, and migration of DCs are regulated by activated NK cells. Conversely, the effector functions including lysis and cytokine production, proliferation, and migration of NK cells are influenced by close interactions with activated DCs. In this review, we explore the impact of DC–NK cell crosstalk and its therapeutic potential in immune control of liver malignances. Abstract Natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells that play a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity. NK cells kill tumor cells through direct cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. DCs are needed for the activation of adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. Both NK cells and DCs are subdivided in several subsets endowed with specialized effector functions. Crosstalk between NK cells and DCs leads to the reciprocal control of their activation and polarization of immune responses. In this review, we describe the role of NK cells and DCs in liver cancer, focusing on the mechanisms involved in their reciprocal control and activation. In this context, intrahepatic NK cells and DCs present unique immunological features, due to the constant exposure to non-self-circulating antigens. These interactions might play a fundamental role in the pathology of primary liver cancer, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Additionally, the implications of these immune changes are relevant from the perspective of improving the cancer immunotherapy strategies in HCC and ICC patients.
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6
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Bourn JR, Ruiz-Torres SJ, Hunt BG, Benight NM, Waltz SE. Tumor cell intrinsic RON signaling suppresses innate immune responses in breast cancer through inhibition of IRAK4 signaling. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:75-90. [PMID: 33508385 PMCID: PMC7981256 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that cancer cells require both alterations in intrinsic cellular processes and the tumor microenvironment for tumor establishment, growth, and progression to metastatic disease. Despite this, knowledge of tumor-cell intrinsic molecular mechanisms controlling both tumor cell processes as well as the tumor microenvironment is limited. In this study, we provide evidence demonstrating the novel role of RON signaling in regulating breast cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis through modulation of tumor cell intrinsic processes and the tumor microenvironment. Using clinically relevant models of breast cancer, we show that RON signaling in the mammary epithelial tumor cells promotes tumor cell survival and proliferation as well as an immunopermissive microenvironment associated with decreased M1 macrophage, natural killer (NK) cell, and CD8+ T cell recruitment. Moreover, we demonstrate that RON signaling supports these phenotypes through novel mechanisms involving suppression of IRAK4 signaling and inhibition of type I Interferons. Our studies indicate that activation of RON signaling within breast cancer cells promotes tumor cell intrinsic growth and immune evasion which support breast cancer progression and highlight the role of targeting RON signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Bourn
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0521, USA
| | - Sasha J Ruiz-Torres
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0521, USA
| | - Brian G Hunt
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0521, USA
| | - Nancy M Benight
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0521, USA
| | - Susan E Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0521, USA; Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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7
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Abstract
To investigate the role of the altered activation of the immune system in the prognosis of patients affected by laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We analyzed 56 patients with advanced LSCC divided into two groups according to their prognosis: the first group relapsed within 24 months after treatment, the second group had no evidence of disease at 2 years. The presence of stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) at the tumor-host border was investigated. In 43 patients we evaluated the expression of 395 genes related to immune system activation through a next generation sequencing panel. Priority-LASSO models and clustering analyses were integrated with multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling to identify independent genes associated with relapse and estimate hazard ratios in relation to gene expression and TILs. TILs and the expression of genes related with immune system activation (FCGR1A, IFNA17, FCRLA, NCR3, KREMEN1, CD14, CD3G, CD19, CD20 and CD79A) were significantly associated with prognostic factors or disease specific survival. In patients with lymph node metastases and advanced T stage (pT4), the expression of other genes was altered. Low TILs count was highly associated with relapse within 2 years (p < 0.001). Low TILs and altered expression of specific genes associated with tumor-immune systems interactions emerged as independent risk factors, associated to poor prognosis and relapse within 2 years in advanced LSCC. Evaluation of patients' immune profile could be useful for prognosis and future therapeutic approaches towards personalized therapy.
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8
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Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of the NKG2D Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020301. [PMID: 32075046 PMCID: PMC7094213 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common malignant tumor with high mortality. Its malignant proliferation, invasion, and metastasis are closely related to the cellular immune function of the patients. NKG2D is a key activated and type II membrane protein molecule expressed on the surface of almost all NK cells. The human NKG2D gene is 270 kb long, located at 12p12.3-p13.1, and contains 10 exons and 9 introns. The three-dimensional structure of the NKG2D monomeric protein contains two alpha-helices, two beta-lamellae, and four disulfide bonds, and its' signal of activation is transmitted mainly by the adaptor protein (DAP). NKG2D ligands, including MICA, MICB, and ULBPs, can be widely expressed in hepatoma cells. After a combination of NKG2D and DAP10 in the form of homologous two polymers, the YxxM motif in the cytoplasm is phosphorylated and then signaling pathways are also gradually activated, such as PI3K, PLCγ2, JNK-cJunN, and others. Activated NK cells can enhance the sensitivity to hepatoma cells and specifically dissolve by releasing a variety of cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ), perforin, and high expression of FasL, CD16, and TRAIL. NK cells may specifically bind to the over-expressed MICA, MICB, and ULBPs of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the surface activating receptor NKG2D, which can help to accurately identify hepatoma, play a critical role in anti-hepatoma via the pathway of cytotoxic effects, and obviously delay the poor progress of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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9
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Vlachiotis S, Andreakos E. Lambda interferons in immunity and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2019; 104:102319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Inoue-Shinomiya E, Murakawa M, Asahina Y, Nakagawa M, Tsuchiya J, Sato A, Tsunoda T, Miyoshi M, Nitta S, Kawai-Kitahata F, Itsui Y, Azuma S, Kakinuma S, Murata K, Mizokami M, Watanabe M. Association of serum interferon-λ3 levels with hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with direct-acting antiviral agents. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:500-511. [PMID: 30623518 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although the efficacy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment is improved dramatically by direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), the assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains important. Interferon lambda 3 (IFN-λ3) is associated with liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, but its impact on carcinogenesis remains controversial and little is known about its effects after viral clearance. To determine the contribution of IFN-λ3 to hepatocarcinogenesis after HCV clearance, we analyzed IFNL3 genotypes and serial serum IFN-λ3 levels in CHC patients who achieved sustained virologic responses (SVR). METHODS This study comprised 201 CHC patients treated with DAAs. Serum samples were collected sequentially and IFN-λ3 levels were quantified by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. The IFNL3 polymorphism (rs8099917) was genotyped in 195 patients. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-five patients were rs8099917 T/T and 70 were non-T/T. Serum IFN-λ3 levels did not differ significantly with IFNL3 genotype, dropped markedly by 1 week and remained low up to 24 weeks after the end of treatment. Interferon-λ3 levels were significantly higher after viral clearance in patients who developed HCC and were associated with a higher potential for hepatocarcinogenesis, such as a higher frequency of non-hypervascular hypointensive nodules (P = 0.046), higher stages of liver fibrosis (P < 0.001), and higher post-treatment levels of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2 binding protein (P < 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum IFN-λ3 levels after HCV clearance are associated with the potential for HCC development. Interferon-λ3 could be helpful for elucidating the relationships among immunologic status, liver fibrosis, liver inflammation, and hepatocarcinogenesis, after achieving SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Inoue-Shinomiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Murakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Asahina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Liver Disease Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsunoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nitta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fukiko Kawai-Kitahata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Itsui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishin Azuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei Kakinuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Liver Disease Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Mikulak J, Bruni E, Oriolo F, Di Vito C, Mavilio D. Hepatic Natural Killer Cells: Organ-Specific Sentinels of Liver Immune Homeostasis and Physiopathology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:946. [PMID: 31114585 PMCID: PMC6502999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is considered a preferential tissue for NK cells residency. In humans, almost 50% of all intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK cells that are strongly imprinted in a liver-specific manner and show a broad spectrum of cellular heterogeneity. Hepatic NK (he-NK) cells play key roles in tuning liver immune response in both physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, there is a pressing need to comprehensively characterize human he-NK cells to better understand the related mechanisms regulating their effector-functions within the dynamic balance between immune-tolerance and immune-surveillance. This is of particular relevance in the liver that is the only solid organ whose parenchyma is constantly challenged on daily basis by millions of foreign antigens drained from the gut. Therefore, the present review summarizes our current knowledge on he-NK cells in the light of the latest discoveries in the field of NK cell biology and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Bruni
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Oriolo
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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12
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Rodrigo C, Leung P, Lloyd AR, Bull RA, Luciani F, Grebely J, Dore GJ, Applegate T, Page K, Bruneau J, Cox AL, Osburn W, Kim AY, Shoukry NH, Lauer GM, Maher L, Schinkel J, Prins M, Hellard M, Eltahla AA. Genomic variability of within-host hepatitis C variants in acute infection. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:476-484. [PMID: 30578702 PMCID: PMC6417964 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the host immune system and the viral variants determine persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after the acute phase of infection. This study describes the genetic variability of within-host HCV viral variants in acute infection and correlates it with host- and virus-related traits and infection outcome. Next generation sequence data (Illumina, MiSeq platform) of viral genomes from 116 incident acute infections (within 180 days of infection) were analysed to determine all the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies above a threshold of 0.1%. The variability of the SNPs for the full open reading frame of the genome as well as for each protein coding region were compared using mean standardized Shannon entropy (SE) values calculated separately for synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations. The envelope glycoproteins regions (E1 and E2) had the highest SE values (indicating greater variability) followed by the NS5B region. Nonsynonymous mutations rather than synonymous mutations were the main contributors to genomic variability in acute infection. The mean difference of Shannon entropy was also compared between subjects after categorizing the samples according to host and virus-related traits. Host IFNL3 allele CC polymorphism at rs12979860 (vs others) and viral genotype 1a (vs 3a) were associated with higher genomic variability across the viral open reading frame. Time since infection, host gender or continent of origin was not associated with the viral genomic variability. Viral genomic variability did not predict spontaneous clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rowena A. Bull
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, NSW, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, NSW, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Kimberly Page
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea L. Cox
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Naglaa H. Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lisa Maher
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GGD Public Health Service of Amsterdam
| | - Maria Prins
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GGD Public Health Service of Amsterdam
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Australia
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Doherty Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Auda A. Eltahla
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, NSW, Australia
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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13
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Wang X, Wong K, Ouyang W, Rutz S. Targeting IL-10 Family Cytokines for the Treatment of Human Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028548. [PMID: 29038121 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the interleukin (IL)-10 family of cytokines play important roles in regulating immune responses during host defense but also in autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Although IL-10 itself primarily acts on leukocytes and has potent immunosuppressive functions, other family members preferentially target nonimmune compartments, such as tissue epithelial cells, where they elicit innate defense mechanisms to control viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, protect tissue integrity, and promote tissue repair and regeneration. As cytokines are prime drug targets, IL-10 family cytokines provide great opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, tissue damage, and cancer. Yet no therapy in this space has been approved to date. Here, we summarize the diverse biology of the IL-10 family as it relates to human disease and review past and current strategies and challenges to target IL-10 family cytokines for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Kit Wong
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Sascha Rutz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
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14
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Lasfar A, Zloza A, Silk AW, Lee LY, Cohen-Solal KA. Interferon Lambda: Toward a Dual Role in Cancer. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:22-29. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ann W. Silk
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Leonard Y. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Karine A. Cohen-Solal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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15
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Zheng M, Sun H, Tian Z. Natural killer cells in liver diseases. Front Med 2018; 12:269-279. [PMID: 29675689 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver has been characterized as a frontline lymphoid organ with complex immunological features such as liver immunity and liver tolerance. Liver tolerance plays an important role in liver diseases including acute inflammation, chronic infection, autoimmune disease, and tumors. The liver contains a large proportion of natural killer (NK) cells, which exhibit heterogeneity in phenotypic and functional characteristics. NK cell activation, well known for its role in the immune surveillance against tumor and pathogen-infected cells, depends on the balance between numerous activating and inhibitory signals. In addition to the innate direct "killer" functions, NK cell activity contributes to regulate innate and adaptive immunity (helper or regulator). Under the setting of liver diseases, NK cells are of great importance for stimulating or inhibiting immune responses, leading to either immune activation or immune tolerance. Here, we focus on the relationship between NK cell biology, such as their phenotypic features and functional diversity, and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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16
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Zanoni I, Granucci F, Broggi A. Interferon (IFN)-λ Takes the Helm: Immunomodulatory Roles of Type III IFNs. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1661. [PMID: 29234323 PMCID: PMC5712353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs) (or IFN-λ) are the latest addition to the IFN family. Even though they share little protein homology with type I IFN, both exhibit remarkable functional similarities: each can be induced in response to viral infections, and both lead to Janus kinases (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation. The JAK/STAT pathway induces antiviral responses and IFN-stimulated gene transcription. However, despite the similarities in their effector functions with type I IFNs, IFN-λ also has a non-redundant role in protecting barrier organs: epithelial cells preferentially produce IFN-λ rather than type I IFNs; and interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1), the specific receptor for IFN-λ, is highly expressed on cells of epithelial lineage. Thus far, IFN-λ has been considered mainly as an epithelial cytokine, which restricts viral replication in epithelial cells and constitutes an added layer of protection at mucosal sites. However, it is now increasingly recognized that IFNLR1 is expressed broadly, and that immune cells such as neutrophils and dendritic cells also respond to IFN-λ. Moreover, in many in vivo models, IFN-λ modulates immune cell functions and thereby configures itself less as a cytokine that is only specific to the epithelium, and more as a cytokine that directly controls the inflammatory response at mucosal sites. Here, we critically review the recent literature on immune modulatory roles for IFN-λ, and distinguish between the direct and indirect effects of this IFN on immune cell functions in different inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Achille Broggi
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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Díaz-Rodríguez Y, Cordeiro P, Belounis A, Herblot S, Duval M. In vitro differentiated plasmacytoid dendritic cells as a tool to induce anti-leukemia activity of natural killer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1307-1320. [PMID: 28555259 PMCID: PMC5626790 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is believed to be resistant to NK cell-mediated killing. To overcome this resistance, we developed an innovative approach based on NK cell stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). The translation of this approach into the clinic requires the production of high numbers of human pDC. Herein, we show that in vitro differentiation of cord blood CD34+ progenitors in the presence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonists gives rise to clinically relevant numbers of pDC, as about 108 pDC can be produced from a typical cord blood unit. Blocking the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway significantly increased the yield of pDC. When compared to pDC isolated from peripheral blood, in vitro differentiated pDC (ivD-pDC) exhibited an increased capacity to induce NK cell-mediated killing of ALL. Although ivD-pDC produced lower amounts of IFN-α than peripheral blood pDC upon TLR activation, they produced more IFN-λ2, known to play a critical role in the induction of anti-tumoral NK cell functions. Both TLR-9 and TLR-7 ligands triggered pDC-induced NK cell activation, offering the possibility to use any clinical-grade TLR-7 or TLR-9 ligands in future clinical trials. Finally, adoptive transfer of ivD-pDC cultured in the presence of an AHR antagonist cured humanized mice with minimal ALL disease. Collectively, our results pave the way to clinical-grade production of sufficient numbers of human pDC for innate immunotherapy against ALL and other refractory malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildian Díaz-Rodríguez
- Unité de recherche en hémato-oncologie Charles-Bruneau, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie and Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paulo Cordeiro
- Unité de recherche en hémato-oncologie Charles-Bruneau, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Assila Belounis
- Unité de recherche en hémato-oncologie Charles-Bruneau, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie and Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabine Herblot
- Unité de recherche en hémato-oncologie Charles-Bruneau, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie and Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Michel Duval
- Unité de recherche en hémato-oncologie Charles-Bruneau, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie and Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Lee J, Park KH, Ryu JH, Bae HJ, Choi A, Lee H, Lim J, Han K, Park CH, Jung ES, Oh EJ. Natural killer cell activity for IFN-gamma production as a supportive diagnostic marker for gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70431-70440. [PMID: 29050291 PMCID: PMC5642566 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Decreased Natural killer cell activity (NKA) for interferon-gamma production (NKA-IFNγ) has been reported in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of NKA-IFNγ for gastric cancer (GC). RESULTS NKA-IFNγ levels were decreased in 261 GC patients with all stages of tumor compared to those in 48 healthy donors (P < 0.001), and lower levels of NKA-IFNγ were associated with higher GC stages. NKA-IFNγ levels were also associated with clinicopathological parameters including tumor size, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis. NKA-INFγ assay had better diagnostic value (AUC = 0.822) compared to serum CEA (0.624) or CA19-9 assay (0.566) (P < 0.001). Using different cut-off levels, serum CEA and CA19-9 showed sensitivities of 6.1-14.2% and 4.2-28.0%, respectively, which were much lower than that of NKA-IFNγ (55.6-66.7%). METHODS This study included 261 patients with newly diagnosed GC and 48 healthy donors. NKA for IFNγ was determined by enzyme immunoassay after incubation of whole blood, and diagnostic performance was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS NK cell activities for IFNγ production could be used as a supportive non-invasive tumor marker for GC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmi Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeong Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aeran Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,SamKwang Medical Laboratories, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyang Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungja Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cho Hyun Park
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Kotenko SV, Durbin JE. Contribution of type III interferons to antiviral immunity: location, location, location. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7295-7303. [PMID: 28289095 PMCID: PMC5418032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.777102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) and the more recently identified type III IFNs (IFN-λ) function as the first line of defense against virus infection and regulate the development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Type III IFNs were originally identified as a novel ligand-receptor system acting in parallel with type I IFNs, but subsequent studies have provided increasing evidence for distinct roles for each IFN family. In addition to their compartmentalized antiviral actions, these two systems appear to have multiple levels of cross-regulation and act coordinately to achieve effective antimicrobial protection with minimal collateral damage to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Kotenko
- From the Departments of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, and
- University Hospital Cancer Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Joan E Durbin
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, and
- University Hospital Cancer Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, Newark, New Jersey 07103
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
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20
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Lasfar A, Zloza A, de la Torre A, Cohen-Solal KA. IFN-λ: A New Inducer of Local Immunity against Cancer and Infections. Front Immunol 2016; 7:598. [PMID: 28018361 PMCID: PMC5156659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-λ is the newly established type III IFN with unique immunomodulatory functions. In contrast to the IFN-α/β family and to some extent IFN-γ, IFN-λ is apparently acting in specific areas of the body to activate resident immune cells and induces a local immunity, instrumental in preventing particular infections and also keeping transformed cells under control. Mucosal areas of lung and gastrointestinal tracts are now under scrutiny to elucidate the immune mechanisms triggered by IFN-λ and leading to viral protection. New evidence also indicates the crucial role of IFN-λ in promoting innate immunity in solid cancer models. Based on its unique biological activities among the IFN system, new immunotherapeutic approaches are now emerging for the treatment of cancer, infection, and autoimmune diseases. In the present review, we highlight the recent advances of IFN-λ immunomodulatory functions. We also discuss the perspectives of IFN-λ as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew de la Torre
- Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; St Joseph's Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Karine A Cohen-Solal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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