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Fujibayashi M, Nitta M, Aomori S, Sakamaki T, Okano K, Sugiyama H, Miyata N. Exploring the use of fish as indicators of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic supply in lake ecosystems. Oecologia 2023; 202:743-755. [PMID: 37568056 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
An adequate supply of food sources with high levels (i.e., weight proportion of total fatty acids) and contents (i.e., absolute amount per mass) of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important for ecosystems. Therefore, the supply of EPA and DHA from basal food sources is a useful indicator of ecosystem health. To determine whether EPA and DHA levels and contents in fish can be used as indicators of EPA and DHA supply in lakes, five dominant species of fish and basal food sources (seston and sediment) were collected monthly from June to November from 2016 to 2021 from Lake Hachiro, Japan. Seston and Hypomesus nipponensis were collected from 12 lakes (one collection per lake) with varying seston contents in EPA and DHA. The trends of EPA and DHA in all fish species were similar to those of the basal food sources. Correlation analysis showed that the EPA levels were strongly correlated between fish and seston; moreover, the correlation coefficient increased when a 1- or 2-month moving average was applied to the basal food sources, suggesting that fish represent a time-integrated supply of EPA and DHA. EPA levels of H. nipponensis had the highest correlation coefficients with seston among all fish species. EPA levels of H. nipponensis were significantly correlated with those of seston among lakes. The results of this study suggest that H. nipponensis is a useful indicator of EPA and DHA supplies in lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumu Fujibayashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 774, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Nitta
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Sota Aomori
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamaki
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06, Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Okano
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugiyama
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyata
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
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Fomina YY, Syarki MT. Life Cycle of the Copepod Limnocalanus macrurus Sars 1863 (Copepoda, Calaniformes, Centropagidae) in Lake Onego. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022090126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Feniova IY, Sakharova EG, Krylov AV. Transfer of Essential Substances from Phytoplankton to Zooplankton in Freshwater Ecosystems (Review). CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425522040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Huanacuni JI, Pepe-Victoriano R, Lora-Vilchis MC, Merino GE, Torres-Taipe FG, Espinoza-Ramos LA. Influence of Microalgae Diets on the Biological and Growth Parameters of Oithona nana (Copepoda: Cyclopoida). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123544. [PMID: 34944321 PMCID: PMC8697983 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The success of marine fish farming is primarily determined by diet in early life. While both artemia and rotifers are commonly used as live feed in aquaculture laboratories in Peru, there has been little work studying the use of native food species. Here, we report our research on the use of a native copepod (Oithona nana) for its potential use in Peruvian marine aquaculture. We collected specimens of the native copepod O. nana and performed culturing experiments with two microalgae that have been widely used in aquaculture. Results show that this species adapted positively to our culture conditions, achieving high densities. We also report on the copepod’s reproduction and growth characteristics. Because of these promising results, we recommend that O. nana be studied further and propose it as a species with potential use as a live feed. Abstract Several species of the planktonic free-living genus Oithona have been successfully used in the larviculture of marine fish and shrimp. However, few studies have been published that allow us to estimate the potential of Oithona nana culture under controlled conditions. This work evaluated the effect of the microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans as single (200,000 cells/mL) and mixed diets (100,000 + 100,000 cells/mL) on population and individual growth, ingestion rate, number of spawnings, fertility, development time by stage, and sex ratio of O. nana. We cultured this copepod at 28 ± 0.5 °C, 35 PSU salinity, 125 lux, and 12:12 photoperiod. Results showed that diet had no effect on the final population level (6273–7966 ind/L) or on individual growth, nor on sex ratio, with less males than females. With C. calcitrans, O. nana had a higher filtration rate (57 ng C/ind/day). On the other hand, a mixed diet induced a higher number of spawns (0.4 events/day) and nauplii per spawn (23 ind). Similarly, a single or mixed diet, containing I. galbana, accelerated the development rate by 6.33–7.00 days. We concluded that O. nana can be cultured with both microalgae, indicating its potential use in an intensive system for production. However, more research is required to improve the productivity of O. nana rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan I. Huanacuni
- Área de Biología Marina y Acuicultura, Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avenida Santa María 2998, Arica 1000000, Chile; (J.I.H.); (R.P.-V.)
- Programa de Magíster en Acuicultura Mención Cultivos de Recursos Hidrobiológicos Mención Acuaponía, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avenida Santa María 2998, Arica 1000000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Cusco s/n, Tacna 23004, Peru;
| | - Renzo Pepe-Victoriano
- Área de Biología Marina y Acuicultura, Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avenida Santa María 2998, Arica 1000000, Chile; (J.I.H.); (R.P.-V.)
| | - María C. Lora-Vilchis
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 195. Col. Playa de Santa Rita Sur. C. P., La Paz 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico;
| | - Germán E. Merino
- Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile;
| | - Fressia G. Torres-Taipe
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Cusco s/n, Tacna 23004, Peru;
| | - Luis A. Espinoza-Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Av. Cusco s/n, Tacna 23004, Peru;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-968708863
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Dal'Olio Gomes A, Gomes FR, Gücker B, Tolussi CE, Figueredo CC, Boëchat IG, Maruyama LS, Oliveira LC, Muñoz-Peñuela M, Pompêo MLM, de Lima Cardoso R, Marques VH, Moreira RG. Eutrophication effects on fatty acid profiles of seston and omnivorous fish in tropical reservoirs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146649. [PMID: 33794454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been postulated that eutrophication causes replacement of n3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n3 HUFA) rich taxa, such as Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta and Dinophyta, with taxa poor in these fatty acids (FA), such as Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. Such a change in community composition at the basis of the food web may alter the FA composition of consumer tissues. Here, we investigated the effects of eutrophication on phytoplankton composition and FA profiles of seston and muscle of two omnivorous fish species (Astyanax fasciatus and Astyanax altiparanae) from reservoirs of different trophic status in Southeast Brazil. The phytoplankton composition and seston FA profiles reflected the degree of eutrophication at most of the studied sites. Three of the five most eutrophic sites were dominated by cyanobacteria and had the highest saturated fatty acid (SFA) and lowest polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) relative contents among all sites. In contrast, the remaining two sites presented a higher phytoplankton diversity and higher relative contribution of sestonic PUFAs with 18 carbons (C18) and HUFAs than less eutrophic systems. However, there were no clear effects of sestonic FA profiles on the FA profiles of muscle of both fish species. A higher percentage of n3 HUFAs was found in the fish samples from a hypereutrophic and cyanobacteria dominated reservoir than in those from sites with a more diverse phytoplankton community in which fish mainly showed higher percentages of C18 PUFA. These results suggest a lack of a direct relationship between the degree of eutrophication and the percentage of n3 HUFAs in both fish species, which can be caused by specific characteristics of the reservoirs that may modulate eutrophication effects. Therefore, consumer FA biochemistry seemed to be dictated by their ability to select, accumulate, and modify dietary FAs, rather than by the eutrophication degree of the studied tropical reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dal'Olio Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Björn Gücker
- Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cleber Cunha Figueredo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Iola Gonçalves Boëchat
- Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Chagas Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Rayssa de Lima Cardoso
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Marques
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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Parasites and their freshwater snail hosts maintain their nutritional value for essential fatty acids despite altered algal diets. Oecologia 2021; 196:553-564. [PMID: 34003360 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite their ubiquity and considerable biomass, the roles played by parasites in aquatic food webs are still not well understood, especially those of their free-living infectious stages. For instance, cercariae, the motile larvae of parasitic flukes (trematodes) may be a key source of nutrients and energy for consumers. As cercariae clonally reproduce within the digestive-gonadal gland complex of gastropod intermediate hosts that acquire nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mainly from their diets (e.g., by grazing on primary producers), cercariae could transfer snail-derived PUFA if consumed. Through fatty acid (FA) analysis, we explored whether a change in the diet of parasitized hosts altered the FA profiles of both snail-only and trematode-containing snail tissue, thereby affecting their nutritional values. Freshwater snails (Stagnicola elodes) infected with Plagiorchis sp. were fed three different diets (cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms) that differed in nutritional quality with respect to FA profiles. While diet influenced the overall FA composition of both snail-only tissue and snail tissue containing trematodes, levels of certain PUFA (mainly omega-3) were largely unaffected. Trematode-containing snail tissue also generally contained more PUFA relative to snail-only tissue. Notably, both tissue types had far higher levels of PUFA than found in their diets. Our results suggest that freshwater snail hosts, and possibly their associated trematode parasites, could be trophic upgraders of key PUFA despite anthropogenically induced changes in algal communities that may lead to overall diminished PUFA contents. As such, cercariae-mediated trophic transfers of PUFA may play important roles in aquatic food webs.
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Bellinger BJ, Cook MI, Hagerthey SE, Newman S, Kobza RM. Lipid Composition Differences of Periphyton, Crustaceans, and Small Fishes in Response to Eutrophication and Management in the Florida Everglades, USA. Lipids 2020; 56:31-47. [PMID: 32777095 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Eutrophication of the Florida Everglades, USA, has altered the characteristics of the ecosystem, but management strategies are being implemented to accelerate recovery. In this study, we described lipid compositional similarities and differences between periphyton, fish, and crustaceans, and explored if eutrophication and creation of new open-water sloughs in phosphorus (P)-impacted regions of a Northern Everglades impoundment resulted in changes in periphyton biomass and lipid composition, and the lipid composition of a ubiquitous omnivore, Gambusia holbrooki. Lipid biomarker analysis provided insight into microbial community composition, quality of basal resources, and potential resources utilized by consumers. Periphyton biomass and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition differed in response to eutrophication, but not between P-impacted control and treatment plots. Shifts in relative abundances of lipids indicative of diatoms and green algae mirrored known taxonomic shifts due to eutrophication. For fauna, PLFA were a small and relatively distinct component of the overall total lipid make-up, and profiles were similar between control and treatment plots. However, the PLFA profile of G. holbrooki differed between oligotrophic and eutrophic regions. Fish and crustacean lipids contained significantly greater relative abundances of polyunsaturated fatty acids than were found in periphyton, and profiles differed between fish and crustaceans, suggesting organisms were selectively accumulating or elongating and desaturating lipids de novo, to meet physiological needs. This study builds on findings of microbial responses to eutrophication and recent observations that consumer PLFA profiles can also shift with P-enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Bellinger
- City of Austin, Watershed Protection Department, 505 Barton Springs Rd. 11th floor, Austin, TX, 78704, USA
| | - Mark I Cook
- Everglades Systems Assessment Section, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Rd. West Palm Beach, FL, 33406, USA
| | - Scot E Hagerthey
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Ecosystem Assessment, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, DC, 20460, USA
| | - Susan Newman
- Everglades Systems Assessment Section, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Rd. West Palm Beach, FL, 33406, USA
| | - Robert M Kobza
- Boulder County, Parks and Open Space Department, 5201 St. Vrain Rd., Longmont, CO, 80503, USA
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Burdick SM, Hewitt DA, Martin BA, Schenk L, Rounds SA. Effects of harmful algal blooms and associated water-quality on endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 97:101847. [PMID: 32732045 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic eutrophication contributes to harmful blooms of cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. In Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, massive blooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and smaller blooms of other cyanobacteria are associated with cyanotoxins, hypoxia, high pH, high concentrations of ammonia, and potentially hypercapnia. Recovery of the endangered Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris in Upper Klamath Lake is obstructed by low survival in the juvenile life stage. Water quality associated with the harmful algal blooms and their decomposition (crashes) is often singled out as the primary cause of juvenile sucker mortality. We investigated this general hypothesis with a review of relevant literature and data from decades of monitoring in Upper Klamath Lake. Microcystins, hepatotoxins produced by some cyanobacteria, are unlikely to be directly lethal to suckers; potential effects of other cyanotoxins that are present in the lake warrant investigation. Dissolved-oxygen saturation declined following bloom crashes, but was infrequently low enough for long enough in Upper Klamath Lake to cause direct sucker mortality. Hypercapnia could potentially reach lethal concentrations in the fall and winter, but did not appear to be associated with the summer algal blooms. pH was highest during peaks in cyanobacteria growth, but infrequently reached directly lethal levels (> 10.3). However, pH frequently reached an observed sub-lethal effect level for juvenile suckers (10.0). Un-ionized ammonia rarely exceeded even the lowest effect level measured for suckers. Rather than act as a direct cause of large-scale mortality, the available evidence suggests that water quality associated with massive blooms of cyanobacteria in Upper Klamath Lake contributes to chronic stress for juvenile suckers and may increase mortality due to other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer M Burdick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center and Oregon Water Science Center USA; 2795 Anderson Ave. Suite 106, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA.
| | - David A Hewitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center and Oregon Water Science Center USA; 2795 Anderson Ave. Suite 106, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA.
| | - Barbara A Martin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center and Oregon Water Science Center USA; 2795 Anderson Ave. Suite 106, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA.
| | - Liam Schenk
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center and Oregon Water Science Center USA; 63095 Deschutes Market Rd., Bend, OR 97701 USA.
| | - Stewart A Rounds
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center and Oregon Water Science Center USA; 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
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Schälicke S, Heim S, Martin-Creuzburg D, Wacker A. Inter- and intraspecific differences in rotifer fatty acid composition during acclimation to low-quality food. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190644. [PMID: 32536305 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical food quality constraints affect the performance of consumers and mediate trait variation among and within consumer species. To assess inter- and intraspecific differences in fatty acid retention and conversion in freshwater rotifers, we provided four strains of two closely related rotifer species, Brachionus calyciflorus sensu stricto and Brachionus fernandoi, with food algae differing in their fatty acid composition. The rotifers grazed for 5 days on either Nannochloropsis limnetica or Monoraphidium minutum, two food algae with distinct polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profiles, before the diets were switched to PUFA-free Synechococcus elongatus, which was provided for three more days. We found between- and within-species differences in rotifer fatty acid compositions on the respective food sources and, in particular, highly specific acclimation reactions to the PUFA-free diet. The different reactions indicate inter- but also intraspecific differences in physiological traits, such as PUFA retention, allocation and bioconversion capacities, within the genus Brachionus that are most likely accompanied by differences in their nutritional demands. Our data suggest that biochemical food quality constraints act differently on traits of closely related species and of strains of a particular species and thus might be involved in shaping ecological interactions and evolutionary processes. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Schälicke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silvia Heim
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Wacker
- Animal Ecology Group, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Costalago D, Forster I, Nemcek N, Neville C, Perry RI, Young K, Hunt BPV. Seasonal and spatial dynamics of the planktonic trophic biomarkers in the Strait of Georgia (northeast Pacific) and implications for fish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8517. [PMID: 32444669 PMCID: PMC7244518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish growth and survival are largely determined by the nutritional quality of their food, and the fish that grow quickly during early life stages are more likely to reproduce. To adequately estimate the quality of the prey for fish, it is necessary to understand the trophic links at the base of the food-web. Trophic biomarkers (e.g., stable isotopes and fatty acids) are particularly useful to discriminate and quantify food-web relationships. We explored the connections between plankton food-web components, and the seasonal and spatial dynamics of the trophic biomarkers and how this determines the availability of high-quality prey for juvenile Pacific salmon and Pacific herring in the Strait of Georgia, Canada. We demonstrate that the plankton food-web in the region is largely supported by diatom and flagellate production. We also show that spatial differences in terms of energy transfer efficiency exist in the region. Further, we found that the fatty acid composition of the zooplankton varied seasonally, matching a shift from diatom dominated production in the spring to flagellate dominated production in the summer. This seasonal shift conferred a higher nutritional value to zooplankton in the summer, indicating better quality prey for juvenile salmon and herring during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Costalago
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Ian Forster
- Pacific Science Enterprise Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, BC, V7V 1N6, Canada
| | - Nina Nemcek
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada
| | - Chrys Neville
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - R Ian Perry
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Kelly Young
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada
| | - Brian P V Hunt
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020 - 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Hakai Institute, Tula Foundation, PO Box 309, Heriot bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada
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Variation in ω-3 and ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Produced by Different Phytoplankton Taxa at Early and Late Growth Phase. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040559. [PMID: 32268552 PMCID: PMC7226532 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton synthesizes essential ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for consumers in the aquatic food webs. Only certain phytoplankton taxa can synthesize eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω3), whereas all phytoplankton taxa can synthesize shorter-chain ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA. Here, we experimentally studied how the proportion, concentration (per DW and cell-specific), and production (µg FA L−1 day−1) of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA varied among six different phytoplankton main groups (16 freshwater strains) and between exponential and stationary growth phase. EPA and DHA concentrations, as dry weight, were similar among cryptophytes and diatoms. However, Cryptomonas erosa had two–27 times higher EPA and DHA content per cell than the other tested cryptophytes, diatoms, or golden algae. The growth was fastest with diatoms, green algae, and cyanobacteria, resulting in high production of medium chain ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA. Even though the dinoflagellate Peridinium cinctum grew slowly, the content of EPA and DHA per cell was high, resulting in a three- and 40-times higher production rate of EPA and DHA than in cryptophytes or diatoms. However, the production of EPA and DHA was 40 and three times higher in cryptophytes and diatoms than in golden algae (chrysophytes and synyrophytes), respectively. Our results show that phytoplankton taxon explains 56–84% and growth phase explains ~1% of variation in the cell-specific concentration and production of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA, supporting understanding that certain phytoplankton taxa play major roles in the synthesis of essential fatty acids. Based on the average proportion of PUFA of dry weight during growth, we extrapolated the seasonal availability of PUFA during phytoplankton succession in a clear water lake. This extrapolation demonstrated notable seasonal and interannual variation, the availability of EPA and DHA being prominent in early and late summer, when dinoflagellates or diatoms increased.
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Ishikawa A, Kabeya N, Ikeya K, Kakioka R, Cech JN, Osada N, Leal MC, Inoue J, Kume M, Toyoda A, Tezuka A, Nagano AJ, Yamasaki YY, Suzuki Y, Kokita T, Takahashi H, Lucek K, Marques D, Takehana Y, Naruse K, Mori S, Monroig O, Ladd N, Schubert CJ, Matthews B, Peichel CL, Seehausen O, Yoshizaki G, Kitano J. A key metabolic gene for recurrent freshwater colonization and radiation in fishes. Science 2019; 364:886-889. [PMID: 31147520 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of new ecological niches has triggered large adaptive radiations. Although some lineages have made use of such opportunities, not all do so. The factors causing this variation among lineages are largely unknown. Here, we show that deficiency in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential ω-3 fatty acid, can constrain freshwater colonization by marine fishes. Our genomic analyses revealed multiple independent duplications of the fatty acid desaturase gene Fads2 in stickleback lineages that subsequently colonized and radiated in freshwater habitats, but not in close relatives that failed to colonize. Transgenic manipulation of Fads2 in marine stickleback increased their ability to synthesize DHA and survive on DHA-deficient diets. Multiple freshwater ray-finned fishes also show a convergent increase in Fads2 copies, indicating its key role in freshwater colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asano Ishikawa
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Aquatic Bioscience, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koki Ikeya
- Gifu World Freshwater Aquarium, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakioka
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jennifer N Cech
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naoki Osada
- Graduate School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miguel C Leal
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Jun Inoue
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Kume
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tezuka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Yo Y Yamasaki
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuto Suzuki
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kokita
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Marques
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yusuke Takehana
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mori
- Biological Laboratory, Gifu Kyoritsu University, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Oscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Nemiah Ladd
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Earth Sciences, ETH-Zurich, Zurich Switzerland
| | - Carsten J Schubert
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine L Peichel
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Goro Yoshizaki
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan. .,Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shizuoka, Japan
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13
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Parasite infectious stages provide essential fatty acids and lipid-rich resources to freshwater consumers. Oecologia 2019; 192:477-488. [PMID: 31834514 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Free-living parasite infectious stages, such as motile cercariae of trematodes (flatworms), can constitute substantial biomass within aquatic ecosystems and are frequently eaten by various consumers, potentially serving as an important source of nutrients and energy. However, quantitative data on their nutritional value (e.g., essential fatty acids [EFA]) are largely lacking. As EFA are leading indicators of nutritional quality and underpin aquatic ecosystem productivity, we performed fatty acid (FA) analysis on an aggregate of ~ 30,000 cercariae of the freshwater trematode, Ribeiroia ondatrae. Individual cercariae contained 15 ng of total FA, and considerable quantities of EFA, including eicosapentaenoic (EPA, at 0.79 ng cercaria-1) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, at 0.01 ng cercaria-1) acids. We estimated annual EFA production by R. ondatrae cercariae for a series of ponds in California to be 40.4-337.0 μg m-2 yr-1 for EPA and 0.7-6.2 μg m-2 yr-1 for DHA. To investigate viability of cercariae as prey, we also compared growth and FA profiles of dragonfly larvae (naiads of Leucorrhinia intacta) fed equivalent masses of either R. ondatrae or zooplankton (Daphnia spp.) for 5 weeks. Naiads raised on the two diets grew equally well, with no significant differences found in their EFA profiles. While zooplankton are widely recognized as a vital source of energy, and an important conduit for the movement of EFA between algae and higher trophic levels, we suggest a similar role for trematode cercariae by 'unlocking' EFA from the benthic environment, highlighting their potential importance as a nutrient source that supports animal health.
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14
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Martin-Creuzburg D, Massier T, Wacker A. Sex-Specific Differences in Essential Lipid Requirements of Daphnia magna. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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15
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Taipale SJ, Kahilainen KK, Holtgrieve GW, Peltomaa ET. Simulated eutrophication and browning alters zooplankton nutritional quality and determines juvenile fish growth and survival. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2671-2687. [PMID: 29531685 PMCID: PMC5838055 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The first few months of life is the most vulnerable period for fish and their optimal hatching time with zooplankton prey is favored by natural selection. Traditionally, however, prey abundance (i.e., zooplankton density) has been considered important, whereas prey nutritional composition has been largely neglected in natural settings. High-quality zooplankton, rich in both essential amino acids (EAAs) and fatty acids (FAs), are required as starting prey to initiate development and fast juvenile growth. Prey quality is dependent on environmental conditions, and, for example, eutrophication and browning are two major factors defining primary producer community structures that will directly determine the nutritional quality of the basal food sources (algae, bacteria, terrestrial matter) for zooplankton. We experimentally tested how eutrophication and browning affect the growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by changing the quality of basal resources. We fed the fish on herbivorous zooplankton (Daphnia) grown with foods of different nutritional quality (algae, bacteria, terrestrial matter), and used GC-MS, stable isotope labeling as well as bulk and compound-specific stable isotope analyses for detecting the effects of different diets on the nutritional status of fish. The content of EAAs and omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in basal foods and zooplankton decreased in both eutrophication and browning treatments. The decrease in ω-3 PUFA and especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was reflected to fish juveniles, but they were able to compensate for low availability of EAAs in their food. Therefore, the reduced growth and survival of the juvenile fish was linked to the low availability of DHA. Fish showed very low ability to convert alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to DHA. We conclude that eutrophication and browning decrease the availability of the originally phytoplankton-derived DHA for zooplankton and juvenile fish, suggesting bottom-up regulation of food web quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Johan Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Kimmo Kalevi Kahilainen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and EconomicsThe Norwegian College of Fishery ScienceUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | | | - Elina Talvikki Peltomaa
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Lammi Biological StationUniversity of HelsinkiLammiFinland
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16
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Leitão E, Ger KA, Panosso R. Selective Grazing by a Tropical Copepod ( Notodiaptomus iheringi) Facilitates Microcystis Dominance. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29527199 PMCID: PMC5829094 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Top-down grazer control of cyanobacteria is a controversial topic due to conflicting reports of success and failure as well as a bias toward studies in temperate climates with large generalist grazers like Daphnia. In the tropical lowland lakes of Brazil, calanoid copepods of the Notodiaptomus complex dominate zooplankton and co-exist in high abundance with permanent blooms of toxic cyanobacteria, raising questions for grazer effects on bloom dynamics (i.e., top-down control vs. facilitation of cyanobacterial dominance). Accordingly, the effect of copepod grazing on the relative abundance of Microcystis co-cultured with a eukaryotic phytoplankton (Cryptomonas) was evaluated in a series of 6-day laboratory experiments. Grazer effects were tested in incubations where the growth of each phytoplankton in the presence or absence of the copepod Notodiaptomus iheringi was monitored in 1 L co-cultures, starting with a 6-fold initial dominance of Cryptomonas by biomass. Compared to the no grazer controls, N. iheringi reduced the growth of both phytoplankton, but Cryptomonas growth was reduced to negative values while Microcystis growth continued positively despite grazers. Hence, in a matter of 6 days selective grazing by N. iheringi increased the biomass of Microcystis relative to Cryptomonas by an order of magnitude compared to controls, and thus, facilitated the dominance of this cyanobacterium. To account for the potential effect of allelopathy, we performed a secondary experiment comparing the abundance and growth rate of Microcystis and Cryptomonas in single and mixed co-cultures in the absence of grazers. The growth rate of Microcystis was unaffected by the presence or relative abundance of Cryptomonas, and vice versa, indicating no allelopathic effects. Our results suggest that selectively grazing zooplankton may facilitate cyanobacteria blooms by grazing on their eukaryotic phytoplankton competitors in nature. Given that selective grazers predominate zooplankton biomass in warmer waters, grazer facilitation of blooms may be a common but poorly understood regulator of plankton dynamics in a warmer and more eutrophic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewaldo Leitão
- Graduate Program of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Kemal A Ger
- Graduate Program of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Renata Panosso
- Graduate Program of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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17
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang H. The application of compound-specific isotope analysis of fatty acids for traceability of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in the coastal areas of China. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4912-4921. [PMID: 28397256 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographical origin traceability is an important issue for controlling the quality of seafood and safeguarding the interest of consumers. In the present study, a new method of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids was established to evaluate its applicability in establishing the origin traceability of Apostichopus japonicus in the coastal areas of China. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were applied to distinguish between the origins of A. japonicus. RESULTS The results show that the stable carbon isotope compositions of fatty acids of A. japonicus significantly differ in terms of both season and origin. They also indicate that the stable carbon isotope composition of fatty acids could effectively discriminate between the origins of A. japonicus, except for between Changhai Island and Zhangzi Island in the spring of 2016 because of geographical proximity or the similarity of food sources. The fatty acids that have the highest contribution to identifying the geographical origins of A. japonicus are C22:6n-3, C16:1n-7, C20:5n-3, C18:0 and C23:1n-9, when considering the fatty acid contents, the stable carbon isotope composition of fatty acids and the results of the PCA and DA. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CSIA of fatty acids, combined with multivariate statistical analysis such as PCA and DA, may be an effective tool for establishing the traceability of A. japonicus in the coastal areas of China. The relevant conclusions of the present study provide a new method for determining the traceability of seafood or other food products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Li
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
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18
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Peltomaa ET, Aalto SL, Vuorio KM, Taipale SJ. The Importance of Phytoplankton Biomolecule Availability for Secondary Production. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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19
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Grosbois G, Mariash H, Schneider T, Rautio M. Under-ice availability of phytoplankton lipids is key to freshwater zooplankton winter survival. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11543. [PMID: 28912552 PMCID: PMC5599675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortening winter ice-cover duration in lakes highlights an urgent need for research focused on under-ice ecosystem dynamics and their contributions to whole-ecosystem processes. Low temperature, reduced light and consequent changes in autotrophic and heterotrophic resources alter the diet for long-lived consumers, with consequences on their metabolism in winter. We show in a survival experiment that the copepod Leptodiaptomus minutus in a boreal lake does not survive five months under the ice without food. We then report seasonal changes in phytoplankton, terrestrial and bacterial fatty acid (FA) biomarkers in seston and in four zooplankton species for an entire year. Phytoplankton FA were highly available in seston (2.6 µg L−1) throughout the first month under the ice. Copepods accumulated them in high quantities (44.8 µg mg dry weight−1), building lipid reserves that comprised up to 76% of body mass. Terrestrial and bacterial FA were accumulated only in low quantities (<2.5 µg mg dry weight−1). The results highlight the importance of algal FA reserve accumulation for winter survival as a key ecological process in the annual life cycle of the freshwater plankton community with likely consequences to the overall annual production of aquatic FA for higher trophic levels and ultimately for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Grosbois
- Department of Fundamental Sciences and Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and aquatic environment (GRIL), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada.
| | - Heather Mariash
- Department of Fundamental Sciences and Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and aquatic environment (GRIL), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada.,National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Department of Fundamental Sciences and Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and aquatic environment (GRIL), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Milla Rautio
- Department of Fundamental Sciences and Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and aquatic environment (GRIL), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
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20
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Lichti DA, Rinchard J, Kimmel DG. Changes in zooplankton community, and seston and zooplankton fatty acid profiles at the freshwater/saltwater interface of the Chowan River, North Carolina. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3667. [PMID: 28828262 PMCID: PMC5563156 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The variability in zooplankton fatty acid composition may be an indicator of larval fish habitat quality as fatty acids are linked to fish larval growth and survival. We sampled an anadromous fish nursery, the Chowan River, during spring of 2013 in order to determine how the seston fatty acid composition varied in comparison with the zooplankton community composition and fatty acid composition during the period of anadromous larval fish residency. The seston fatty acid profiles showed no distinct pattern in relation to sampling time or location. The mesozooplankton community composition varied spatially and the fatty acid profiles were typical of freshwater species in April. The Chowan River experienced a saltwater intrusion event during May, which resulted in brackish water species dominating the zooplankton community and the fatty acid profile showed an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The saltwater intrusion event was followed by an influx of freshwater due to high precipitation levels in June. The zooplankton community composition once again became dominated by freshwater species and the fatty acid profiles shifted to reflect this change; however, EPA levels remained high, particularly in the lower river. We found correlations between the seston, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton fatty acid compositions. Salinity was the main factor correlated to the observed pattern in species composition, and fatty acid changes in the mesozooplankton. These data suggest that anadromous fish nursery habitat likely experiences considerable spatial variability in fatty acid profiles of zooplankton prey and that are correlated to seston community composition and hydrodynamic changes. Our results also suggest that sufficient prey density as well as a diverse fatty acid composition is present in the Chowan River to support larval fish production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Lichti
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Jacques Rinchard
- Department of Environmental Science and Biology, State University of New York College at Brockport, Brockport, NY, United States of America
| | - David G. Kimmel
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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21
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Taipale SJ, Vuorio K, Strandberg U, Kahilainen KK, Järvinen M, Hiltunen M, Peltomaa E, Kankaala P. Lake eutrophication and brownification downgrade availability and transfer of essential fatty acids for human consumption. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:156-166. [PMID: 27685803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish are an important source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for birds, mammals and humans. In aquatic food webs, these highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) are essential for many physiological processes and mainly synthetized by distinct phytoplankton taxa. Consumers at different trophic levels obtain essential fatty acids from their diet because they cannot produce these sufficiently de novo. Here, we evaluated how the increase in phosphorus concentration (eutrophication) or terrestrial organic matter inputs (brownification) change EPA and DHA content in the phytoplankton. Then, we evaluated whether these changes can be seen in the EPA and DHA content of piscivorous European perch (Perca fluviatilis), which is a widely distributed species and commonly consumed by humans. Data from 713 lakes showed statistically significant differences in the abundance of EPA- and DHA-synthesizing phytoplankton as well as in the concentrations and content of these essential fatty acids among oligo-mesotrophic, eutrophic and dystrophic lakes. The EPA and DHA content of phytoplankton biomass (mgHUFAg-1) was significantly lower in the eutrophic lakes than in the oligo-mesotrophic or dystrophic lakes. We found a strong significant correlation between the DHA content in the muscle of piscivorous perch and phytoplankton DHA content (r=0.85) as well with the contribution of DHA-synthesizing phytoplankton taxa (r=0.83). Among all DHA-synthesizing phytoplankton this correlation was the strongest with the dinoflagellates (r=0.74) and chrysophytes (r=0.70). Accordingly, the EPA+DHA content of perch muscle decreased with increasing total phosphorus (r2=0.80) and dissolved organic carbon concentration (r2=0.83) in the lakes. Our results suggest that although eutrophication generally increase biomass production across different trophic levels, the high proportion of low-quality primary producers reduce EPA and DHA content in the food web up to predatory fish. Ultimately, it seems that lake eutrophication and brownification decrease the nutritional quality of fish for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Taipale
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Pääjärventie 320, 16900 Lammi, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - K Vuorio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YA), 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - U Strandberg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - K K Kahilainen
- Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Käsivarrentie 14622, 99490 Kilpisjärvi, Finland; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Järvinen
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Jyväskylä Office, Survontie 9A, FI-40500, Finland
| | - M Hiltunen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - E Peltomaa
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Pääjärventie 320, 16900 Lammi, Finland; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Kankaala
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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22
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Scharnweber K, Strandberg U, Karlsson K, Eklöv P. Decrease of Population Divergence in Eurasian Perch (Perca fluviatilis) in Browning Waters: Role of Fatty Acids and Foraging Efficiency. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162470. [PMID: 27610617 PMCID: PMC5017650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to altered biogeochemical processes related to climate change, highly colored dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial sources will lead to a water “brownification” in many freshwater systems of the Northern Hemisphere. This will create deteriorated visual conditions that have been found to affect habitat-specific morphological variations in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a previous study. So far, potential drivers and ultimate causes of these findings have not been identified. We conducted a field study to investigate the connection between morphological divergence and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of perch from six lakes across a gradient of DOC concentration. We expected a decrease in the prevalence of PUFAs, which are important for perch growth and divergence with increasing DOC concentrations, due to the restructuring effects of DOC on aquatic food webs. In general, rate of morphological divergence in perch decreased with increasing DOC concentrations. Proportions of specific PUFAs (22:6n-3, 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, and 20:4n-6) identified to primarily contribute to overall differences between perch caught in clear and brown-water lakes tended to be connected to overall decline of morphological divergence. However, no overall significant relationship was found, indicating no severe limitation of essential fatty acids for perch inhabiting brown water lakes. We further broaden our approach by conducting a laboratory experiment on foraging efficiency of perch. Therefore, we induced pelagic and littoral phenotypes by differences in habitat-structure and feeding mode and recorded attack rate in a feeding experiment. Generally, fish were less efficient in foraging on littoral prey (Ephemeroptera) when visual conditions were degraded by brown water color. We concluded that browning water may have a strong effect on the forager’s ability to find particular food resources, resulting in the reduced development of evolutionary traits, such as habitat- specific morphological divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Scharnweber
- Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Ursula Strandberg
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Konrad Karlsson
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Eklöv
- Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Fatty Acid Composition of Tropical Fish Depends on Reservoir Trophic Status and Fish Feeding Habit. Lipids 2016; 51:1193-1206. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Scharnweber K, Strandberg U, Marklund MHK, Eklöv P. Combining resource use assessment techniques reveals trade‐offs in trophic specialization of polymorphic perch. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Scharnweber
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18d 75236 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ursula Strandberg
- Department of Biology University of Eastern Finland Yliopistokatu 7, PO Box 111 Joensuu 80101 Finland
| | - Maria Helena Katarina Marklund
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18d 75236 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Peter Eklöv
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18d 75236 Uppsala Sweden
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Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Al Mamun A, Matsuzaki K, Arai H. Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:579-597. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1207153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Brain Sciences, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Temperature-induced changes in fatty acid dynamics of the intertidal grazer Platychelipus littoralis (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida): Insights from a short-term feeding experiment. J Therm Biol 2016; 57:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Effects of light and nutrients on periphyton and the fatty acid composition and somatic growth of invertebrate grazers in subtropical streams. Oecologia 2016; 181:449-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Strandberg U, Hiltunen M, Jelkänen E, Taipale SJ, Kainz MJ, Brett MT, Kankaala P. Selective transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids from phytoplankton to planktivorous fish in large boreal lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 536:858-865. [PMID: 26282609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lake size influences various hydrological parameters, such as water retention time, circulation patterns and thermal stratification that can consequently affect the plankton community composition, benthic-pelagic coupling and the function of aquatic food webs. Although the socio-economical (particularly commercial fisheries) and ecological importance of large lakes has been widely acknowledged, little is known about the availability and trophic transfer of polyunsaturated fatty (PUFA) in large lakes. The objective of this study was to investigate trophic trajectories of PUFA in the pelagic food web (seston, zooplankton, and planktivorous fish) of six large boreal lakes in the Finnish Lake District. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) were the most abundant PUFA in pelagic organisms, particularly in the zooplanktivorous fish. Our results show that PUFA from the n-3 family (PUFAn-3), often associated with marine food webs, are also abundant in large lakes. The proportion of DHA increased from ~4±3% in seston to ~32±6% in vendace (Coregonus albula) and smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), whereas ALA showed the opposite trophic transfer pattern with the highest values observed in seston (~11±2%) and the lowest in the opossum shrimp (Mysis relicta) and fish (~2±1%). The dominance of diatoms and cryptophytes at the base of the food web in the study lakes accounted for the high amount of PUFAn-3 in the planktonic consumers. Furthermore, the abundance of copepods in the large lakes explains the effective transfer of DHA to planktivorous fish. The plankton community composition in these lakes supports a fishery resource (vendace) that is very high nutritional quality (in terms of EPA and DHA contents) to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Strandberg
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Minna Hiltunen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Elli Jelkänen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sami J Taipale
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster, Biological Station Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Prom. 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Michael T Brett
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paula Kankaala
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Galloway AWE, Winder M. Partitioning the Relative Importance of Phylogeny and Environmental Conditions on Phytoplankton Fatty Acids. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130053. [PMID: 26076015 PMCID: PMC4468072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential fatty acids (EFA), which are primarily generated by phytoplankton, limit growth and reproduction in diverse heterotrophs. The biochemical composition of phytoplankton is well-known to be governed both by phylogeny and environmental conditions. Nutrients, light, salinity, and temperature all affect both phytoplankton growth and fatty acid composition. However, the relative importance of taxonomy and environment on algal fatty acid content has yet to be comparatively quantified, thus inhibiting predictions of changes to phytoplankton food quality in response to global environmental change. We compiled 1145 published marine and freshwater phytoplankton fatty acid profiles, consisting of 208 species from six major taxonomic groups, cultured in a wide range of environmental conditions, and used a multivariate distance-based linear model to quantify the total variation explained by each variable. Our results show that taxonomic group accounts for 3-4 times more variation in phytoplankton fatty acids than the most important growth condition variables. The results underscore that environmental conditions clearly affect phytoplankton fatty acid profiles, but also show that conditions account for relatively low variation compared to phylogeny. This suggests that the underlying mechanism determining basal food quality in aquatic habitats is primarily phytoplankton community composition, and allows for prediction of environmental-scale EFA dynamics based on phytoplankton community data. We used the compiled dataset to calculate seasonal dynamics of long-chain EFA (LCEFA; ≥C20 ɷ-3 and ɷ-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid) concentrations and ɷ-3:ɷ-6 EFA ratios in Lake Washington using a multi-decadal phytoplankton community time series. These analyses quantify temporal dynamics of algal-derived LCEFA and food quality in a freshwater ecosystem that has undergone large community changes as a result of shifting resource management practices, highlighting diatoms, cryptophytes and dinoflagellates as key sources of LCEFA. Moreover, the analyses indicate that future shifts towards cyanobacteria-dominated communities will result in lower LCEFA content in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. E. Galloway
- John Muir Institute of the Environment, Watershed Science Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Monika Winder
- John Muir Institute of the Environment, Watershed Science Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Stewart KM. Environmental change and hominin exploitation of C4-based resources in wetland/savanna mosaics. J Hum Evol 2014; 77:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Makhutova ON, Gladyshev MI, Sushchik NN, Dubovskaya OP, Buseva ZF, Fefilova EB, Semenchenko VP, Kalachova GS, Kononova ON, Baturina MA. Comparison of fatty acid composition of cladocerans and copepods from lakes of different climatic zones. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425514040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Hiltunen M, Strandberg U, Keinänen M, Taipale S, Kankaala P. Distinctive lipid composition of the copepod Limnocalanus macrurus with a high abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 2014; 49:919-32. [PMID: 25092258 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the copepod Limnocalanus macrurus for seasonal variation in the composition of fatty acids, wax esters and sterols in large boreal lakes, where it occurs as a glacial-relict. Vast wax ester reserves of Limnocalanus were accumulated in a period of only two months, and comprised mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and saturated fatty alcohols. In winter, the mobilization of wax esters was selective, and the proportion of long-chain polyunsaturated wax esters declined first. PUFA accounted for >50% of all fatty acids throughout the year reaching up to ca. 65% during late summer and fall. Long-chain PUFA 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 together comprised 17-40% of all fatty acids. The rarely reported C24 and C26 very-long-chain PUFA (VLC-PUFA) comprised 6.2 ± 3.4 % of all fatty acids in August and 2.1 ± 1.7% in September. The VLC-PUFA are presumably synthesized by Limnocalanus from shorter chain-length precursors because they were not found in the potential food sources. We hypothesize that these VLC-PUFA help Limnocalanus to maximize lipid reserves when food is abundant. Sterol content of Limnocalanus, consisting ca. 90% of cholesterol, did not show great seasonal variation. As a lipid-rich copepod with high abundance of PUFA, Limnocalanus is excellent quality food for fish. The VLC-PUFA were also detected in planktivorous fish, suggesting that these compounds can be used as a trophic marker indicating feeding on Limnocalanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Hiltunen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland,
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33
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Boëchat IG, Krüger A, Chaves RC, Graeber D, Gücker B. Land-use impacts on fatty acid profiles of suspended particulate organic matter along a larger tropical river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 482-483:62-70. [PMID: 24636887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change, such as agricultural expansion and urbanization, can affect riverine biological diversity and ecosystem functioning. Identifying the major stressors associated with catchment land-use change is a prerequisite for devising successful river conservation and restoration strategies. Here, we analyzed land-use effects on the fatty acid (FA) composition and concentrations in suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) along a fourth-order tropical river, the Rio das Mortes. Thereby, we aimed at testing the potential of fatty acids in riverine suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM-FAs) as indicators of land-use change in tropical catchments, and at identifying major human impacts on the biochemical composition of SPOM, which represents an important basal energy and organic matter resource for aquatic consumers. River water SPOM and total FA concentrations ranged between 2.8 and 10.2mg dry weight(DW)L(-1) and between 130.6 and 268.2μg DW L(-1), respectively, in our study. Urbanization was the only land-use category correlating with both FA composition and concentrations, despite its low contribution to whole catchment (1.5-5.6%) and riparian buffer land cover (1.7-6.6%). Higher concentrations of saturated FAs, especially C16:0 and C18:0, which are the main components of domestic sewage, were observed at sampling stations downstream of urban centers, and were highly correlated to urbanization, especially within the 60m riparian buffer zone. Compared to water chemical characteristics (inorganic nutrients, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance) and river habitat structural integrity, FA variables exhibited a higher variability along the investigated river and were more strongly correlated to urban land use, suggesting that SPOM-FA profiles may be an efficient indicator of urban land-use impacts on larger tropical rivers. High total FA concentrations in the SPOM of urbanized tropical rivers may represent high-energy biochemical subsidies to food webs, potentially leading to changes in functional ecosystem characteristics, such as bacterial and suspension-feeder production.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Boëchat
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, 36301-160 São João del Rei, MG, Brazil.
| | - A Krüger
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries - IGB, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - R C Chaves
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, 36301-160 São João del Rei, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program of Bioengineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, 36301-160 São João del Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - D Graeber
- Department of Bioscience - Freshwater Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - B Gücker
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, 36301-160 São João del Rei, MG, Brazil
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Kratina P, Mac Nally R, Kimmerer WJ, Thomson JR, Winder M. Human-induced biotic invasions and changes in plankton interaction networks. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kratina
- John Muir Institute of the Environment; Center for Watershed Sciences; University of California; Davis CA USA
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- Institute for Applied Ecology; The University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
| | - Wim J. Kimmerer
- Romberg Tiburon Center; San Francisco State University; Tiburon CA USA
| | - James R. Thomson
- Institute for Applied Ecology; The University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
| | - Monika Winder
- John Muir Institute of the Environment; Center for Watershed Sciences; University of California; Davis CA USA
- Department of Ecology; Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
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35
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Perhar G, Arhonditsis GB, Brett MT. Modeling zooplankton growth in Lake Washington: A mechanistic approach to physiology in a eutrophication model. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Perhar G, Arhonditsis GB, Brett MT. Modelling the role of highly unsaturated fatty acids in planktonic food web processes: Sensitivity analysis and examination of contemporary hypotheses. ECOL INFORM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Are cyanobacterial blooms trophic dead ends? Oecologia 2012; 172:551-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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Koussoroplis AM, Kainz MJ, Striebel M. Fatty acid retention under temporally heterogeneous dietary intake in a cladoceran. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Mortillaro JM, Rigal F, Rybarczyk H, Bernardes M, Abril G, Meziane T. Particulate organic matter distribution along the lower Amazon River: addressing aquatic ecology concepts using fatty acids. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46141. [PMID: 23029412 PMCID: PMC3460950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in understanding the Amazon basin functioning is to ascertain the role played by floodplains in the organic matter (OM) cycle, crucial for a large spectrum of ecological mechanisms. Fatty acids (FAs) were combined with environmental descriptors and analyzed through multivariate and spatial tools (asymmetric eigenvector maps, AEM and principal coordinates of neighbor matrices, PCNM). This challenge allowed investigating the distribution of suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM), in order to trace its seasonal origin and quality, along a 800 km section of the Amazon river-floodplain system. Statistical analysis confirmed that large amounts of saturated FAs (15:0, 18:0, 24:0, 25:0 and 26:0), an indication of refractory OM, were concomitantly recorded with high pCO2 in rivers, during the high water season (HW). Contrastingly, FAs marker which may be attributed in this ecosystem to aquatic plants (18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3) and cyanobacteria (16:1ω7), were correlated with higher O2, chlorophyll a and pheopigments in floodplains, due to a high primary production during low waters (LW). Decreasing concentrations of unsaturated FAs, that characterize labile OM, were recorded during HW, from upstream to downstream. Furthermore, using PCNM and AEM spatial methods, FAs compositions of SPOM displayed an upstream-downstream gradient during HW, which was attributed to OM retention and the extent of flooded forest in floodplains. Discrimination of OM quality between the Amazon River and floodplains corroborate higher autotrophic production in the latter and transfer of OM to rivers at LW season. Together, these gradients demonstrate the validity of FAs as predictors of spatial and temporal changes in OM quality. These spatial and temporal trends are explained by 1) downstream change in landscape morphology as predicted by the River Continuum Concept; 2) enhanced primary production during LW when the water level decreased and its residence time increased as predicted by the Flood Pulse Concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Mortillaro
- UMR-CNRS-IRD-UPMC, BOREA, département milieux et peuplements aquatiques, MNHN, Paris, France.
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40
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Galloway AWE, Britton-Simmons KH, Duggins DO, Gabrielson PW, Brett MT. FATTY ACID SIGNATURES DIFFERENTIATE MARINE MACROPHYTES AT ORDINAL AND FAMILY RANKS(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2012; 48:956-65. [PMID: 27009005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary productivity by plants and algae is the fundamental source of energy in virtually all food webs. Furthermore, photosynthetic organisms are the sole source for ω-3 and ω-6 essential fatty acids (EFA) to upper trophic levels. Because animals cannot synthesize EFA, these molecules may be useful as trophic markers for tracking sources of primary production through food webs if different primary producer groups have different EFA signatures. We tested the hypothesis that different marine macrophyte groups have distinct fatty acid (FA) signatures by conducting a phylogenetic survey of 40 marine macrophytes (seaweeds and seagrasses) representing 36 families, 21 orders, and four phyla in the San Juan Archipelago, WA, USA. We used multivariate statistics to show that FA composition differed significantly (P < 0.001) among phyla, orders, and families using 44 FA and a subset of seven EFA (P < 0.001). A second analysis of published EFA data of 123 additional macrophytes confirmed that this pattern was robust on a global scale (P < 0.001). This phylogenetic differentiation of macrophyte taxa shows a clear relationship between macrophyte phylogeny and FA content and strongly suggests that FA signature analyses can offer a viable approach to clarifying fundamental questions about the contribution of different basal resources to food webs. Moreover, these results imply that taxa with commercially valuable EFA signatures will likely share such characteristics with other closely related taxa that have not yet been evaluated for FA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W E Galloway
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USAFriday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USAUniversity of North Carolina Herbarium, CB# 3280, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USACivil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - Kevin H Britton-Simmons
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USAFriday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USAUniversity of North Carolina Herbarium, CB# 3280, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USACivil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - David O Duggins
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USAFriday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USAUniversity of North Carolina Herbarium, CB# 3280, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USACivil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - Paul W Gabrielson
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USAFriday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USAUniversity of North Carolina Herbarium, CB# 3280, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USACivil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - Michael T Brett
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USAFriday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Rd., Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USAUniversity of North Carolina Herbarium, CB# 3280, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USACivil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
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DeMott WR, Van Donk E. Strong interactions between stoichiometric constraints and algal defenses: evidence from population dynamics of Daphnia and algae in phosphorus-limited microcosms. Oecologia 2012; 171:175-86. [PMID: 22802021 PMCID: PMC3538120 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic interactions among nutrients, algae and grazers were tested in a 2 × 3 factorial microcosm experiment that manipulated grazers (Daphnia present or absent) and algal composition (single species cultures and mixtures of an undefended and a digestion-resistant green alga). The experiment was run for 25 days in 10-L carboys under mesotrophic conditions that quickly led to strong phosphorus limitation of algal growth (TP ≅ 0.5 μM, N:P 40:1). Four-day Daphnia juvenile growth assays tested for Daphnia P-limitation and nutrient-dependent or grazer-induced algal defenses. The maximal algal growth rate of undefended Ankistrodesmus (mean ± SE for three replicate microcosms; 0.92 ± 0.02 day−1) was higher than for defended Oocystis (0.62 ± 0.03 day−1), but by day 6, algal growth was strongly P-limited in all six treatments (molar C:P ratio >900). The P-deficient algae were poor quality resources in all three algal treatments. However, Daphnia population growth, reproduction, and survival were much lower in the digestion-resistant treatment even though growth assays provided evidence for Daphnia P-limitation in only the undefended and mixed treatments. Growth assays provided little or no support for simple threshold element ratio (TER) models that fail to consider algae defenses that result in viable gut passage. Our results show that strong P-limitation of algal growth enhances the defenses of a digestion-resistant alga, favoring high abundance of well-defended algae and energy limitation of zooplankton growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R DeMott
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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42
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Makhutova ON, Sushchik NN, Gladyshev MI, Ageev AV, Pryanichnikova EG, Kalachova GS. Is the fatty acid composition of freshwater zoobenthic invertebrates controlled by phylogenetic or trophic factors? Lipids 2011; 46:709-21. [PMID: 21567302 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the fatty acid (FA) content and composition of ten zoobenthic species of several taxonomic groups from different freshwater bodies. Special attention was paid to essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6); and the n-3/n-6 and DHA/ARA ratios, which are important for consumers of higher trophic levels, i.e., fish. The content and ratios of these FA varied significantly in the studied zoobenthic species, consequently, the invertebrates were of different nutritional quality for fish. Eulimnogammarus viridis (Crustacea) and Dendrocoelopsis sp. (Turbellaria) had the highest nutrition value for fish concerning the content of EPA and DHA and n-3/n-6 and DHA/ARA ratios. Using canonical correspondence analysis we compared the FA profiles of species of the studied taxa taking into account their feeding strategies and habitats. We gained evidence that feeding strategy is of importance to determine fatty acid profiles of zoobenthic species. However, the phylogenetic position of the zoobenthic species is also responsible and may result in a similar fatty acid composition even if species or populations inhabit different water bodies or have different feeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesia N Makhutova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Akademgorodok, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
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Taipale SJ, Kainz MJ, Brett MT. Diet-switching experiments show rapid accumulation and preferential retention of highly unsaturated fatty acids in Daphnia. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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