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Yaida YA, Inoue T, Kenta T, Ushimaru A. Seed dispersal limitation causes negative legacy effect on restoration of grassland plant diversity on ski slopes. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11654. [PMID: 38979000 PMCID: PMC11227990 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Past forest use often has a long-term negative impact on the recovery of the original plant composition of semi-natural grasslands, which is known as a legacy effect. This study investigates the impact of seed dispersal limitations on the restoration of grassland plant diversity on ski slopes with past forest use, highlighting the negative legacy effect on biodiversity recovery. Focusing on ski areas, our research contrasts the vegetation on ski slopes originally created on semi-natural grasslands such as pasture (pasture slopes) and constructed by clearing secondary forests or conifer plantations (forest slopes). We examined species richness and diversity, considering seed dispersal modes, grassland management history, and seed source proximity. We reveal that the proximity to species-rich grassland sources is pivotal for the restoration of native grassland vegetation. Particularly, wind-dispersed species show significant recovery on slopes with sustained management for more than 70 years and those with neighboring species-rich grasslands, suggesting that both the duration of management and the proximity to seed sources are critical for overcoming the legacy effects of past forest use. Meanwhile, gravity-dispersed species failed to recover their richness and diversity regardless of both the duration of management and the proximity to seed source grasslands, which their diversity recovered where seed sources neighbored. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering seed dispersal limitation and management history in the restoration and conservation of grasslands and their biodiversity, particularly in landscapes experiencing past human intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki A. Yaida
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Taiki Inoue
- Sugadaira Montane Research CentreUniversity of TsukubaUedaJapan
| | - Tanaka Kenta
- Sugadaira Montane Research CentreUniversity of TsukubaUedaJapan
| | - Atushi Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
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2
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Lu N, Yang H, Zhou X, Tan Y, Cai W, Jiang Q, Lu Y, Chen Y, He H, Wang S. The loss of plant functional groups increased arthropod diversity in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1305768. [PMID: 38434435 PMCID: PMC10904612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1305768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant species loss, driven by global changes and human activities, can have cascading effects on other trophic levels, such as arthropods, and alter the multitrophic structure of ecosystems. While the relationship between plant diversity and arthropod communities has been well-documented, few studies have explored the effects of species composition variation or plant functional groups. In this study, we conducted a long-term plant removal experiment to investigate the impact of plant functional group loss (specifically targeting tall grasses and sedges, as well as tall or short forbs) on arthropod diversity and their functional groups. Our findings revealed that the removal of plant functional groups resulted in increased arthropod richness, abundance and the exponential of Shannon entropy, contrary to the commonly observed positive correlation between plant diversity and consumer diversity. Furthermore, the removal of different plant groups had varying impacts on arthropod trophic levels. The removal of forbs had a more pronounced impact on herbivores compared to graminoids, but this impact did not consistently cascade to higher-trophic arthropods. Notably, the removal of short forbs had a more significant impact on predators, as evidenced by the increased richness, abundance, the exponential of Shannon entropy, inverse Simpson index and inverse Berger-Parker index of carnivores and abundance of omnivores, likely attributable to distinct underlying mechanisms. Our results highlight the importance of plant species identity in shaping arthropod communities in alpine grasslands. This study emphasizes the crucial role of high plant species diversity in controlling arthropods in natural grasslands, particularly in the context of plant diversity loss caused by global changes and human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningna Lu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hainian Yang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yun Tan
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haocheng He
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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3
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Cronin JT, Goddard Ii J, Muthunayake A, Quiroa J, Shivaji R. Predator-induced prey dispersal can cause hump-shaped density-area relationships in prey populations. J Math Biol 2024; 88:20. [PMID: 38270669 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-02040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Predation can both reduce prey abundance directly (through density-dependent effects) and indirectly through prey trait-mediated effects. Over the years, many studies have focused on describing the density-area relationship (DAR). However, the mechanisms responsible for the DAR are not well understood. Loss and fragmentation of habitats, owing to human activities, creates landscape-level spatial heterogeneity wherein patches of varying size, isolation and quality are separated by a human-modified "matrix" of varying degrees of hostility and has been a primary driver of species extinctions and declining biodiversity. How matrix hostility in combination with trait-mediated effects influence DAR, minimum patch size, and species coexistence remains an open question. In this paper, we employ a theoretical spatially explicit predator-prey population model built upon the reaction-diffusion framework to explore effects of predator-induced emigration (trait-mediated emigration) and matrix hostility on DAR, minimum patch size, and species coexistence. Our results show that when trait-mediated response strength is sufficiently strong, ranges of patch size emerge where a nonlinear hump-shaped prey DAR is predicted and other ranges where coexistence is not possible. In a conservation perspective, DAR is crucial not only in deciding whether we should have one large habitat patch or several-small (SLOSS), but for understanding the minimum patch size that can support a viable population. Our study lends more credence to the possibility that predators can alter prey DAR through predator-induced prey dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jerome Goddard Ii
- Department of Mathematics, Auburn University Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36124, USA.
| | - Amila Muthunayake
- Department of Mathematics, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, 84408, USA
| | - Juan Quiroa
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Ratnasingham Shivaji
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA
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4
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Son D, Waldman B, Song U. Effects of land-use types and the exotic species, Hypochaeris radicata, on plant diversity in human-transformed landscapes of the biosphere reserve, Jeju Island, Korea. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:685-693. [PMID: 38197002 PMCID: PMC10772109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Land-use and plant invasion influence biodiversity. Understanding the effects of land-use types and invasive plants on the ecosystem is crucial for better management and the development of strategic plans for increasing biodiversity in Jeju Island, Korea, a designated Biosphere Reserve by the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. The effect of the most dominant invasive exotic species, Hypochaeris radicata, on the four land-use types of Jeju Island was investigated. Plant composition, soil characteristics, and plant diversity among four land-use types (cropland, green space, neglected land, and residential) were compared. Among the land-use types, croplands had the most diverse plant composition and the highest richness in exotic and native plant species. Croplands, such as tangerine orchards, which are widely distributed throughout Jeju Island, showed the highest plant diversity because of medium intensity disturbance caused by weed removal. The relative cover of H. radicata did not differ between land-use types. However, H. radicata invasion was negatively related with plant species richness, making this invasive species a threat to the biodiversity of native herbs present in land-use areas. H. radicata adapts to areas with a broad range of soil properties and a variety of land-use types. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor land-use types and patterns of plant invasion to guide the implementation of consistent management and conservation strategies for maintaining ecosystem integrity of the transformed habitat in Jeju Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokjoo Son
- College of Education Department of Science Education, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce Waldman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Uhram Song
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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5
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Johnson N, Zhang G, Soble A, Johnson S, Baucom RS. The consequences of synthetic auxin herbicide on plant-herbivore interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:765-775. [PMID: 36842859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although herbicide drift is a common side effect of herbicide application in agroecosystems, its effects on the ecology and evolution of natural communities are rarely studied. A recent shift to dicamba, a synthetic auxin herbicide known for 'drifting' to nontarget areas, necessitates the examination of drift effects on the plant-insect interactions that drive eco-evo dynamics in weed communities. We review current knowledge of direct effects of synthetic auxin herbicides on plant-insect interactions, focusing on plant herbivory, and discuss potential indirect effects, which are cascading effects on organisms that interact with herbicide-exposed plants. We end by developing a framework for the study of plant-insect interactions given drift, highlighting potential changes to plant developmental timing, resource quantity, quality, and cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Grace Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anah Soble
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Regina S Baucom
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Gankhuyag E, Dorjsuren A, Choi EH, Hwang UW. An annotated checklist of grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) from Mongolia. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e96705. [PMID: 38327285 PMCID: PMC10848637 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e96705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Grasshoppers (Acridoidea, Orthoptera) are the dominant herbivores in grassland ecosystems worldwide. They can increase rangeland productivity by stimulating plant growth and accelerating nutrient cycling. This article presents a comprehensive checklist of grasshoppers in Mongolia. Until then, the available information was very scattered, based on old studies of Mongolian grasshoppers, recorded in a few international catalogues and databases, individual records and research work on agroecosystem communities. However, the available information on the composition of the Orthopteran fauna in Mongolia was sometimes unclear or non-existent and these dubious data were excluded from the present study. In addition, the grasshopper distribution analysis used the standardised personal collection of D. Altanchimeg. We also present a list of grasshoppers, as well as their distribution and abundance, in countries adjacent to Mongolia, such as Russia, China and South Korea. The surveys covered six types of natural zones: high mountain, taiga, forest-steppe, steppe, desert steppe and desert; desert steppe and steppe zones are the most widely distributed. We hope to have contributed significantly to the study of the distribution of grasshopper species in all these natural zones. New information In this study, a total of three families of Acridoidea belonging to eight subfamilies, 17 tribes, 52 genera and 128 species are reported for the various natural zones. The recorded species belong to eight subfamilies: Gomphocerinae are the most numerous with 56 species recorded, followed by Oedipodinae (51 species), Thrinchinae (nine species), Melanoplinae (six species), Calliptaminae (three species), Dericorythinae, Acridinae, Egnatiinae (one species each).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhtsetseg Gankhuyag
- Department of Biology, Teachers College, and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South KoreaDepartment of Biology, Teachers College, and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea
| | - Altanchimeg Dorjsuren
- Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 133330, MongoliaInstitute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of SciencesUlaanbaatar 133330Mongolia
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010031, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot, 010031China
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Biology, Teachers College, and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South KoreaDepartment of Biology, Teachers College, and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea
| | - Ui Wook Hwang
- Institute for Korean Herb-Bio Convergence Promotion, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South KoreaInstitute for Korean Herb-Bio Convergence Promotion, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea
- Institute of Phylogenomics and Evolution, and Department of Biology, Teachers College Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Phylogenomics and Evolution, and Department of Biology, Teachers College Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea
- School of Industrial Technology Advances, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South KoreaSchool of Industrial Technology Advances, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea
- Phylomics Inc., Daegu 41910, South KoreaPhylomics Inc.Daegu 41910South Korea
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7
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Wersebeckmann V, Biegerl C, Leyer I, Mody K. Orthopteran Diversity in Steep Slope Vineyards: The Role of Vineyard Type and Vegetation Management. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14010083. [PMID: 36662010 PMCID: PMC9867116 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The abandonment of traditional agricultural practices and subsequent succession are major threats to many open-adapted species and species-rich ecosystems. Viticulture on steep slopes has recently suffered from strong declines due to insufficient profitability, thus increasing the area of fallow land considerably. Changing cultivation systems from vertically oriented to modern vineyard terraces offers an opportunity to maintain management economically viable and thus reduces further abandonment. Hillside parallel terraces favor mechanization, and their embankments offer large undisturbed areas that could provide valuable habitats. We investigated the effects of vineyard abandonment, different vineyard management types (vertically oriented vs. terraced), and local parameters on Orthoptera diversity in 45 study sites along the Upper Middle Rhine Valley in Germany. Our results show that woody structures and vineyard abandonment reduced Orthoptera diversity at the local and landscape scale due to decreased habitat quality, especially for open-adapted species. In contrast, open inter-rows of actively managed vineyard types supported heat-adapted Caelifera species. On terrace embankments, extensive management and taller vegetation benefited Ensifera species, while short and mulched vegetation in vertically oriented vineyards favored the dominance of one single Caelifera species. Our results highlight the significance of maintaining viticultural management on steep slopes for the preservation of both open-adapted Orthoptera species and the cultural landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Wersebeckmann
- Department of Applied Ecology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Biegerl
- Department of Applied Ecology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ilona Leyer
- Department of Applied Ecology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Karsten Mody
- Department of Applied Ecology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
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8
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Fumy F, Fartmann T. Low-intensity land use fosters species richness of threatened butterflies and grasshoppers in mires and grasslands. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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9
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Shinohara N, Nakadai R, Suzuki Y, Terui A. Spatiotemporal dimensions of community assembly. POPUL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shinohara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakadai
- Biodiversity Division National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
| | - Yuka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Akira Terui
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro North Carolina USA
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10
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Schwarz C, Fartmann T. Traditional grazing management creates heterogeneous swards and fosters grasshopper densities. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1805-1818. [PMID: 35398960 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Common pastures were once the dominant type of land use in many European regions. However, during the past 150 years, they have declined dramatically. Recent studies have shown that they are hotspots for rare plant, butterfly, and bird species in the study area, the Bavarian pre-Alps (southern Germany). However, studies on the value of these pastures for Orthoptera (hereinafter termed "grasshoppers") have been scarce. Here, we studied the effects of traditional summer grazing in common pastures on grasshopper assemblages. Our study revealed that grasshopper species richness did not differ between common pastures (n = 57) and controls (n = 57). By contrast, density of all and of threatened species varied between common pastures and controls in all plots and within the two vegetation types with the highest grasshopper abundance, grasslands on mineral soil and fens. Two threatened species, Pseudochorthippus montanus and Stethophyma grossum, were identified as indicators for common pastures; controls had no indicative species. Traditional low-intensity grazing in common pastures has resulted in open and heterogeneous swards with some bare ground, a low cover of litter and an intermediate vegetation height favouring high densities of grasshopper species in general and threatened species in particular. This is especially true for the two most productive vegetation types, grasslands on mineral soil and fens. To promote biodiversity in general and grasshopper densities in particular, we recommend maintaining traditional cattle grazing (stocking capacities: 0.5-2.0 livestock units/ha) in common pastures. Where possible, this grazing regime should also be introduced in the surrounding landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinja Schwarz
- Department of Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Thomas Fartmann
- Department of Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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11
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Kasada M, Uchida K, Shinohara N, Yoshida T. Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction can benefit biodiversity conservation in a Japanese agricultural landscape. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.699201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) has attracted increased attention as a sustainable way to achieve both disaster risk reduction and biodiversity conservation, although there have been few quantitative evaluations of the potential impacts of Eco-DRR on biodiversity. Here, we examined the influences of flood hazard and land-use patterns on biodiversity by focusing on the species richness of plants, butterflies and odonates, and the abundance of two frog species in a rural landscape of Wakasa town, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. The direct effect of exposure to flood hazard on the studied taxa was not significant, whereas landscape factors associated with flood hazard significantly influenced either of the taxa in different magnitudes. We then exercised a scenario analysis by replacing urban land-use by non-urban, agricultural land-use (paddy fields in this case) to reduce exposure to flood hazard and projected the impacts on biodiversity. Our results demonstrated that the land-use replacement potentially reduces the risk of flooding by up to 5.19 billion yen (ca. 46 million US$) and, at the same time, positively influences the species richness and abundance, although the ecological impacts are different depending on taxon and spatial location. The land-use replacement was expected to result in the increase of plant richness and abundance of Daruma pond frog at a location by up to 16 and 25%, respectively. On the other hand, butterfly richness at a location was presumed to decrease by until −68%, probably due to their dependence on domestic gardens. The abundance of Japanese wrinkled frog did not show such a clear spatial variation. This study highlights the significance of land-use replacement as an Eco-DRR measure to reduce the disaster risk and conserve biodiversity in the agricultural landscape.
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12
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Uchida K, Okazaki A, Akasaka T, Negishi JN, Nakamura F. Disturbance legacy of a 100-year flood event: large wood accelerates plant diversity resilience on gravel-bed rivers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115467. [PMID: 35710604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding biodiversity resilience after a major disturbance is a key issue in basic and applied science. Plant diversity in gravel-bed rivers is affected by flood events, which are one of the most effective disturbance agents in the flow regime, affecting species distribution, and ecosystem dynamics. Although disturbance plays a critical role in community assembly mechanisms, how plant diversity recovers after a severe disturbance, such as a 100-year flood event remains unknown. The present study examined how the disturbance legacy of large wood in gravel-bed river ecosystems contributes to the resilience of plant diversity. The present study demonstrated that the resilience of plant species in disturbance legacy sites, namely deposited large wood sites, was higher than that in open habitat sites. Indicator species analysis revealed that perennial plants were the most important indicator species of disturbance legacy sites. These results suggest that perennial species richness contributes to the resilience of high plant diversity across the disturbance legacy sites in this region. After major flood events, land managers often remove large wood and debris jams to avoid secondary disasters, such as embankment collapse. However, we suggest that large wood should be retained on the gravel beds to aid the recovery of biodiversity and ecosystems. Furthermore, understanding the relationships between disturbance legacies and ecosystem resilience can contribute to the formulation of strategies for sustainable ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Uchida
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Azumi Okazaki
- Division of Earth System Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akasaka
- Laboratory of Conservation Ecology, Department of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Junjiro N Negishi
- Laboratory of Watershed Conservation and Management, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Ecosystem Management, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Fartmann T, Poniatowski D, Holtmann L. Effects of land-use and climate change on grasshopper assemblages differ between protected and unprotected grasslands. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Gavrichkova O, Pretto G, Brugnoli E, Chiti T, Ivashchenko KV, Mattioni M, Moscatelli MC, Scartazza A, Calfapietra C. Consequences of Grazing Cessation for Soil Environment and Vegetation in a Subalpine Grassland Ecosystem. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11162121. [PMID: 36015424 PMCID: PMC9416782 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Areas covered by seminatural grasslands have been in constant decline for decades in Europe. This trend is particularly strong for mountain territories, where such traditional agricultural practices as cattle grazing are no longer economically feasible. This study was conducted in the subalpine pasture of Cinte Tesino (TN, Italy), where local farmers have applied the following different management strategies: shorter and longer grazing durations during the season and a complete abandonment for the last 15 years. We aimed to study how these different management strategies impact the functioning and diversity of vegetation and the chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. Species richness was higher in plots subjected to longer grazing with a prevalence of D. caespitosa in terms of biomass share. A decline in species richness in abandoned plots was accompanied by an increase in the share of other graminoids in collected biomass. A concomitant increase in leaf N concentration and light availability in grazed plots resulted in higher photosynthetic efficiency in some species, as revealed by the δ13C of plant tissues. Soils under grazing were characterised by a higher concentration of total and extractable N, almost doubled microbial biomass C and increased extracellular enzymes activity, evidencing nutrient cycling mobilization. While the microbial pool was characterised by lower mineralization rates, C was lost from the soil with 15 years of abandonment. The longer grazing season demonstrated to be the most beneficial, promoting species richness, C accumulation and better soil microbial functioning. A change in soil pH from strongly acidic to moderately acidic with longer grazing is likely one of the important factors adding to the success in the functioning of primary producers and decomposers in this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gavrichkova
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, 05010 Porano, Italy
| | - Gaia Pretto
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, 05010 Porano, Italy
| | - Enrico Brugnoli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, 05010 Porano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Chiti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Kristina V. Ivashchenko
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Agrarian-Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michele Mattioni
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, 05010 Porano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Moscatelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, 05010 Porano, Italy
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15
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Socio-economic drivers of irrigated paddy land abandonment and agro-ecosystem degradation: Evidence from Japanese agricultural census data. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266997. [PMID: 35421175 PMCID: PMC9009660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The abandonment of irrigated paddy land has increased in Japan, which can cause a decline in food security and biodiversity. Despite the importance of individual decisions, most studies have only examined regional or community-based determinants of paddy land abandonment. This study aimed to uncover the socio-economic determinants affecting individual landowners’ decisions to abandon paddy land, using Japanese agricultural census data (2005, 2010, and 2015) composed of over one million unique paddy landowners. Results showed that low agricultural benefits are a key driver of abandonment, similar to European countries. Conversely, there is a positive correlation between the population of full-time cultivators in a household and paddy land abandonment, which contradicts previous evidence. Although some mosaics of socio-ecological landscapes with high biodiversity formed through long-term human influence (i.e., the Satoyama landscapes) are less-favored agricultural areas, the paddy land in some of these landscapes tends not to be abandoned. These findings support effective policymaking that balances biodiversity conservation and the provision of agroecosystem services in semi-natural landscapes.
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16
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Sugimoto N, Fukasawa K, Asahara A, Kasada M, Matsuba M, Miyashita T. Positive and negative effects of land abandonment on butterfly communities revealed by a hierarchical sampling design across climatic regions. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212222. [PMID: 35317678 PMCID: PMC8942172 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Land abandonment may decrease biodiversity but also provides an opportunity for rewilding. It is therefore necessary to identify areas that may benefit from traditional land management practices and those that may benefit from a lack of human intervention. In this study, we conducted comparative field surveys of butterfly occurrence in abandoned and inhabited settlements in 18 regions of diverse climatic zones in Japan to test the hypotheses that species-specific responses to land abandonment correlate with climatic niches and habitat preferences. Hierarchical models that unified species occurrence and habitat preferences revealed that negative responses to land abandonment were associated with species that have cold climatic niches and use open habitats, suggesting that species negatively impacted by land abandonment will decline more due to future climate warming. Maps representing species gains and losses due to land abandonment, which were created from the model estimates, showed similar geographical patterns, but some areas exhibited high species losses relative to gains. Our hierarchical modelling approach was useful for scaling up local-scale effects of land abandonment to a macro-scale assessment, which is crucial to developing spatial conservation strategies in the era of depopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keita Fukasawa
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akio Asahara
- Team HEYANEKO, 3-22-18-702 Minami-Urawa, Minami-ku, Saitama, Saitama 336-0017, Japan
| | - Minoru Kasada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University 6-3, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhuette 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Misako Matsuba
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tadashi Miyashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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17
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Optimal Mowing Regime in Enhancing Biodiversity in Seasonal Floodplains along Engineered Channels. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The vegetation grown on grasscretes along channelized rivers have been regularly mown in Hong Kong. However, no baseline information on the relationship between different mowing regimes and the biodiversity of such riverbed vegetation is available. We therefore carried out a manipulative experiment along a channelized river to test the effect of mowing frequency and intensity on the abundance and species richness of terrestrial biodiversity. We conducted point counts and transect counts to survey birds, butterflies and Odonates, night surveys for amphibians and reptiles, quadrat surveys for vegetation and sweep net and pan traps for other macroinvertebrates. The results from Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) showed a taxon-specific effect of mowing regime. Bird species richness was significantly suppressed in plots mown with high frequency. Both butterfly abundance and species richness were greatly enhanced by low intensity and low frequency mowing. Odonate abundance, and the abundance and species richness of other macroinvertebrates remained high whenever a portion of vegetation was retained as refuge. Amphibians and reptiles did not prefer to utilize the vegetation grown on grasscretes, and thus showed no impact from different mowing regimes. The overall species richness of vegetation was not affected by mowing regimes, but the domination of tall invasive Brachiaria mutica was suppressed by any mowing activity. To cater for the need of most taxa, we propose a mosaic mowing regime, in which most parts along the channelized river could be mown infrequently to 600 mm tall while some of the patches remain unmown.
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18
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Nishizawa R, Nakao R, Ushimaru A, Minamoto T. Development of environmental DNA detection assays for snakes in paddy fields in Japan. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-022-00496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Given the significance of national carbon inventories, the importance of large-scale estimates of carbon stocks is increasing. Accurate biomass estimates are essential for tracking changes in the carbon stock through repeated assessment of carbon stock, widely used for both vegetation and soil, to estimate carbon sequestration. Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine the variability of several aspects of the carbon stock value when the input matrix was (1) expressed either as a vector or as a raster; (2) expressed as in local (1:10,000) or regional (1:100,000) scale data; and (3) rasterized with different pixel sizes of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 m. Method: The look-up table method, where expert carbon content values are attached to the mapped landscape matrix. Results: Different formats of input matrix did not show fundamental differences with exceptions of the biggest raster of size 1000 m for the local level. At the regional level, no differences were notable. Conclusions: The results contribute to the specification of best practices for the evaluation of carbon storage as a mitigation measure, as well as the implementation of national carbon inventories.
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20
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Chen H, Shen Q, Zang D, Li H, Sow Y. Study on the impact of environmental pollution on farmland abandonment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:1458-1469. [PMID: 34355318 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Farmland abandonment, as a manifestation of the low efficiency of the rural economy, has a profound impact on the process of agricultural and rural modernization. This study uses the 2016 China Labor Force Dynamic Survey data based on 8116 samples from 104 cities, constructs the Tobit model and IV Tobit model to analyze the land abandonment quantitatively from the perspective of environmental pollution. The results show that (1) environmental pollution can significantly increase the probability and area of land abandonment, (2) there is significant regional heterogeneity in the impact of environmental pollution on land abandonment, (3) the impact of environmental pollution on land abandonment varies significantly with different family sizes and land management scales, but the land management scale is relatively more sensitive. This study provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between environmental pollution and land abandonment in China and provides a basis for formulating relevant policies to strengthen the treatment of environmental pollution to solve the dilemma of land abandonment, which is of great practical significance to sustainable development of rural economy and the guarantee of food security in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Chen
- School of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qianling Shen
- School of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Dungang Zang
- School of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Houjian Li
- School of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaya Sow
- School of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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21
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The significance of region-specific habitat models as revealed by habitat shifts of grey-faced buzzard in response to different agricultural schedules. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22889. [PMID: 34819585 PMCID: PMC8613252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine large scales habitat suitability for focal species, habitat models derived from one region are often extrapolated to others. However, extrapolation can be inappropriate due to regional variation of habitat selection. Accounting for the ecological mechanisms causing such variation is necessary to resolve this problem. We focused on grey-faced buzzards in agricultural landscapes of Japan, which show geographically different habitat selection. To determine whether this variation is caused by the difference in climatic conditions at geographical scales or the difference in agricultural practices at smaller regional scales, we surveyed distributions of buzzards and their major prey (frogs/orthopterans) in regions differing in rice-transplanting schedules within the same climatic zone. We found that buzzards preferred paddy-forest landscapes in the early transplanting regions, but grassland-forest landscapes in the late transplanting regions. Frogs were more abundant in the early transplanting regions due to flooded paddies, while the abundance of orthopterans did not differ. The regional variation in habitat selection of buzzards may be due to different prey availabilities caused by different agricultural schedules. We propose that habitat suitability assessments of organisms inhabiting agricultural landscapes should consider differences in production systems at regional scales and such regional partitioning is effective for accurate assessments.
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22
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Amphibian Metacommunity Responses to Agricultural Intensification in a Mediterranean Landscape. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10090924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification has been associated with biodiversity declines, habitat fragmentation and loss in a number of organisms. Given the prevalence of this process, there is a need for studies clarifying the effects of changes in agricultural practices on local biological communities; for instance, the transformation of traditional rainfed agriculture into intensively irrigated agriculture. We focused on pond-breeding amphibians as model organisms to assess the ecological effects of agricultural intensification because they are sensitive to changes in habitat quality at both local and landscape scales. We applied a metacommunity approach to characterize amphibian communities breeding in a network of ponds embedded in a terrestrial habitat matrix that was partly converted from rainfed crops to intensive irrigated agriculture in the 1990s. Specifically, we compared alpha and beta diversity, species occupancy and abundance, and metacommunity structure between irrigated and rainfed areas. We found strong differences in patterns of species occurrence, community structure and pairwise beta diversity between agricultural management groups, with a marked community structure in rainfed ponds associated with local features and the presence of some rare species that were nearly absent in the irrigated area, which was characterized by a random community structure. Natural vegetation cover at the landscape scale, significantly lower on the irrigated area, was an important predictor of species occurrences. Our results suggest that maintaining both local and landscape heterogeneity is key to preserving diverse amphibian communities in Mediterranean agricultural landscapes.
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23
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Shinohara N, Yoshida T. Temporal changes of local and regional processes in the assembly of herbivorous insect communities. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shinohara
- Dept of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Univ. of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takehito Yoshida
- Research Inst. for Humanity and Nature Kamigamo, Kita‐ku Kyoto Japan
- Dept of General Systems Studies, Univ. of Tokyo Meguro Tokyo Japan
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24
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Nagano Y, Miyashita T, Taki H, Yokoi T. Diversity of co‐flowering plants at field margins potentially sustains an abundance of insects visiting buckwheat,
Fagopyrum esculentum
, in an agricultural landscape. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nagano
- Graduate school of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tadashi Miyashita
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Hisatomo Taki
- Department of Forest Entomology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoi
- Graduate school of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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25
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Le Provost G, Thiele J, Westphal C, Penone C, Allan E, Neyret M, van der Plas F, Ayasse M, Bardgett RD, Birkhofer K, Boch S, Bonkowski M, Buscot F, Feldhaar H, Gaulton R, Goldmann K, Gossner MM, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Krauss J, Renner S, Scherreiks P, Sikorski J, Baulechner D, Blüthgen N, Bolliger R, Börschig C, Busch V, Chisté M, Fiore-Donno AM, Fischer M, Arndt H, Hoelzel N, John K, Jung K, Lange M, Marzini C, Overmann J, Paŝalić E, Perović DJ, Prati D, Schäfer D, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Sonnemann I, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tschapka M, Türke M, Vogt J, Wehner K, Weiner C, Weisser W, Wells K, Werner M, Wolters V, Wubet T, Wurst S, Zaitsev AS, Manning P. Contrasting responses of above- and belowground diversity to multiple components of land-use intensity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3918. [PMID: 34168127 PMCID: PMC8225671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss. However, understanding how different components of land use drive biodiversity loss requires the investigation of multiple trophic levels across spatial scales. Using data from 150 agricultural grasslands in central Europe, we assess the influence of multiple components of local- and landscape-level land use on more than 4,000 above- and belowground taxa, spanning 20 trophic groups. Plot-level land-use intensity is strongly and negatively associated with aboveground trophic groups, but positively or not associated with belowground trophic groups. Meanwhile, both above- and belowground trophic groups respond to landscape-level land use, but to different drivers: aboveground diversity of grasslands is promoted by diverse surrounding land-cover, while belowground diversity is positively related to a high permanent forest cover in the surrounding landscape. These results highlight a role of landscape-level land use in shaping belowground communities, and suggest that revised agroecosystem management strategies are needed to conserve whole-ecosystem biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtane Le Provost
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBIK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Jan Thiele
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Margot Neyret
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBIK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservations Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Francois Buscot
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rachel Gaulton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr. 16, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstr. 2, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Department of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Swen Renner
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservations Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Ornithology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Sikorski
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dennis Baulechner
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralph Bolliger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Börschig
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Busch
- Department of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Melanie Chisté
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Markus Fischer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBIK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Köln (Cologne), Germany
| | - Norbert Hoelzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina John
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Markus Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Carlo Marzini
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Paŝalić
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - David J Perović
- DPI Agriculture, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australian Cotton Research Institute, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Schäfer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ilja Sonnemann
- Institute of Biology, Functional Biodiversity, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservations Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Türke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Vogt
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Katja Wehner
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christiane Weiner
- Ecological Networks, Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Konstans Wells
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Michael Werner
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susanne Wurst
- Institute of Biology, Functional Biodiversity, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey S Zaitsev
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBIK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
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26
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González del Portillo D, Arroyo B, García Simón G, Morales MB. Can current farmland landscapes feed declining steppe birds? Evaluating arthropod abundance for the endangered little bustard ( Tetrax tetrax) in cereal farmland during the chick-rearing period: Variations between habitats and localities. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3219-3238. [PMID: 33841779 PMCID: PMC8019033 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture intensification threatens farmland bird populations because, among other reasons, it reduces the availability of food resources required to rear their offspring. In our study, we sampled and analyzed total arthropod abundance, biomass and richness, and orthopteran and coleopteran abundance and biomass in different agricultural habitats (alfalfa fields, stubble fields, grazed fields, and field margins) across 4 study localities with different levels of agriculture abandonment-intensification, comparing between areas used and not used by one of the most threatened farmland birds in Europe, the little bustard (Tetrax tetrax), during the chick-rearing season. Field margins were the taxonomically richest habitat, while alfalfa fields presented significantly higher total arthropod abundance and biomass than other habitats. All arthropod variables were the highest in the localities with clear conservation-focused agrarian management, and the lowest in the most intensive one. Areas used by little bustards had higher orthopteran and coleopteran abundance and biomass than nonused areas, except for coleopteran biomass in grazed fields. These results highlight the relevance of these arthropods for the species, the importance of dry alfalfa fields as food reservoirs in this critical time of year, the food scarcity in sites where agrarian management disregards farmland bird conservation, and the role of stubbles as providers of food resources during the chick-rearing season in areas used by the species. The adequate management of alfalfa fields and stubbles to provide those key resources seems crucial to improve little bustard breeding success.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González del Portillo
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG)Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global ChangeAutónoma University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Beatriz Arroyo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC)CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCMCiudad RealSpain
| | - Guillermo García Simón
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG)Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global ChangeAutónoma University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Manuel B. Morales
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG)Department of Ecology, Research Center on Biodiversity and Global ChangeAutónoma University of MadridMadridSpain
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27
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28
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Motosugi N, Nakamura F, Nakajima S, Takahata C, Kawamura K, Morimoto J. Factors determining vegetation recovery after abandonment of coal-mining villages. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-020-00438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Lu X, Zhao X, Tachibana T, Uchida K, Sasaki T, Bai Y. Plant quantity and quality regulate the diversity of arthropod communities in a semi‐arid grassland. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xuezhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Lifesciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Taiki Tachibana
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University Hodogaya Yokohama Japan
| | - Kei Uchida
- Institute for Sustainable Agro‐ecosystem Services The University of Tokyo Nishi‐Tokyo Japan
| | - Takehiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University Hodogaya Yokohama Japan
| | - Yongfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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30
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Shinohara N, Yoshida T. Why species richness of plants and herbivorous insects do or do not correlate. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shinohara
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takehito Yoshida
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kyoto Japan
- Department of General Systems Studies University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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Kishimoto-Yamada K, Minamiya Y. Earthworm species and density in semi-natural grasslands on rice paddy levees in Japanese satoyama. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e56531. [PMID: 33061778 PMCID: PMC7538448 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e56531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworms contribute to the sustainability of food webs in the semi-natural grasslands of levees at paddy margins, which are typical components of satoyama, the traditional agricultural landscapes of Japan. Thus far, few studies have focused on earthworm fauna of paddy levees in satoyama. In this study, we investigated earthworm fauna and regional and monthly changes in earthworm density. We found at least 11 species of earthworms living within levees on Sado Island, central Japan. Two endogeic species, Amynthas corticis (Megascolecidae) and Eisenia japonica (Lumbricidae), were dominant in terms of number of adult individuals; these two species appeared in all study regions. We also estimated an average of ~57.4 individuals/m2 for all stages of earthworms in levees, suggesting that rice paddy levees have relatively-high earthworm density. However, such tendencies differed depending on the region. In addition, monthly changes in density were observed in the topsoil of the levees. Our results imply that differences in earthworm assemblages amongst regions and months may influence the availability of food resources for various animals inhabiting satoyama.
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Osawa T, Nishida T, Oka T. Paddy fields located in water storage zones could take over the wetland plant community. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14806. [PMID: 32908239 PMCID: PMC7481222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Land use change could affect not only local species richness but also community assemblies. Essentially, the possible patterns of plant community assemblies are nonrandom species loss (nestedness) and species turnover. Plant community assemblies in human-mediated land use have a combination of both nestedness and turnover. This is because of historical effects that cause nonrandom species loss due to previous and/or original habitat quality and because of direct effects of human activities that cause species turnover. We investigated the complexity of the process of plant community assemblage in a paddy field, which is a typical agricultural land use in the monsoon season in central Japan. Using multi-temporal plant monitoring records, we tested the relationship between the ratio of species nestedness/turnover through multi-temporal and both the original habitat conditions and the extent of human modification. The findings revealed that paddy fields that originated from wetland habitat had a high nestedness ratio, whereas paddy fields that were largely consolidated had a high turnover ratio. Thus, we could divide the community assembly processes in human-mediated land use based on original habitat conditions and human activities. This concept could help land managers establish conservation and/or restoration plans that take into account community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Osawa
- Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachiouji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Nishida
- Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.,Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co. Ltd., 2-5-25, Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-8213, Japan
| | - Takashi Oka
- Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co. Ltd., 2-5-25, Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-8213, Japan
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Abstract
Using the Web of Science database, 1498 research articles published between 1900 and 2019 on the subject of farmland abandonment were retrieved. With the help of the SciMAT tool, a theme strategic diagram, overlay map and evolution map represented by keywords were constructed, and the strategic coordinate analysis and data flow analysis methods were used to analyze the research themes, evolutionary states and paths of farmland abandonment in different research time periods. The results show the following: (1) Research on farmland abandonment has rapidly grown in the past ten years, the development of studies on farmland abandonment has become more mature, and the research topics and content have tended to solidify; (2) The research topics of studies on farmland abandonment are mostly centered on forests, patterns, landscapes, land use changes, climate change, etc. The research topics have had strong continuity and few new research hotspots; (3) The study of the ecological environment effect of farmland abandonment is the basic research direction in the field of farmland abandonment and will continue to become a research hotspot; (4) Farmland abandonment has become an important part of the research on land use change and ecosystem processes; (5) The driving force of farmland abandonment includes natural, social and economic factors, among which the socioeconomic factors are the most important driving force, and will continue to be a research hotspot. Finally, this study concludes that the research directions on farmland abandonment in future should strengthen the quantitative assessment of environmental effects of farmland abandonment, information extraction and multiscale simulation monitoring, trend prediction and risk assessment.
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Tsunoda H, Enari H. A strategy for wildlife management in depopulating rural areas of Japan. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:819-828. [PMID: 32406975 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Former ranges of wild animals have been reestablished in many developed countries. However, this reestablishment has led to increasing human-wildlife conflict in agroforest ecosystems. In Japan, human-wildlife conflict, such as crop raiding by and ecological impacts of wild ungulates and primates, is a serious problem in depopulated rural areas due to these animal range expansions and increased abundances. Japan's human population is predicted to decline by 24% by 2050, and approximately 20% of agricultural settlements will become completely depopulated. In this scenario, anthropogenic pressures on wildlife (e.g., hunting and habitat alteration) will continue to decrease and human-wildlife conflict will increase due to increasing wildlife recovery. Japan's local governments plan to slow range recovery, prevent species reestablishment, or remove recolonizing large mammals through lethal control. This strategy, however, is not cost-effective, and workforce shortages in depopulated communities make it infeasible. Moreover, the suppression of wildlife prevents the recovery of ecological functions and thus would degrade regional biodiversity. The declining pressure on wildlife that accompanies human depopulation will prevent the restoration of any past states of human-wildlife interaction. We suggest human-used areas in rural landscapes be aggregated in compact cities and that in transition zones between human settlements and depopulated lands that land-sharing approaches be applied. Concentrating management efforts in compact cities may effectively decrease human-wildlife conflict, rather than intensifying human pressures. Reforestation of depopulated lands may lead to recovery of wildlife habitats, their ecosystem functions, and regional biodiversity due to minimization of negative anthropogenic effects (land-sparing approach). Balancing resolution of human-wildlife conflict and ecological rewilding could become a new, challenging task for regional wildlife managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsunoda
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo-shi, Saitama, 347-0115, Japan
| | - Hiroto Enari
- Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakabamachi, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
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Lee JH, Yamaguchi R, Yokomizo H, Nakamaru M. Preservation of the value of rice paddy fields: Investigating how to prevent farmers from abandoning the fields by means of evolutionary game theory. J Theor Biol 2020; 495:110247. [PMID: 32184076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of group cooperation is still an evolutionary puzzle and has been studied from the perspective of not only evolutionary ecology but also social sciences. Some socio-ecological problems are caused by collapse of group cooperation. By applying theoretical studies about the evolution of cooperation, we can elucidate what causes the problems and find solutions. One of the appropriate examples is maintaining rice paddy field landscapes, which are a grand spectacle in Asia, and some are UNESCO world heritage sites. These magnificent landscapes and the associated biodiversity are at risk of abandonment for social and financial reasons. Rice paddy fields can be preserved not only by regular cultivation, which requires farmers to invest effort in cultivation, but also by the maintenance of common facilities such as irrigation canals. To investigate how this landscape might be preserved, we developed an agent-based model in which each farmer makes two types of efforts: an effort for land cultivation and an effort for collective action such as common facility maintenance. Additionally, we consider the side effects of rice production such as field deterioration from abandonment and water use competition. These factors determine the utility of each player who imitates the level of efforts necessary to invest in land cultivation and common facility maintenance of one with higher utility. This decision-making of each player can be described by the evolutionary game theory. We find that maintenance effort promotes cultivation effort, but not vice versa, even though we usually consider that each farmer's cultivation effort makes rice field landscape sustainable. We also find that if players and their near neighbors are responsible for maintaining their common facilities together, they continue to maintain them and cultivate, but if all players are responsible for maintaining all facilities in the whole farmland, players are likely to quit facility maintenance and stop cultivation. Competition for water use among all players, however, promotes cultivation more than competition among neighbors only. Therefore, rice paddy field landscapes can be sustainable if neighbors, but not the whole players, are responsible for maintaining their common facilities and cooperate together, and if the water usage of all players, but not neighbors, influences the productivity of each rice field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung Hun Lee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yokomizo
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba,Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nakamaru
- Department of Innovation Science, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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36
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Hyperspectral Reflectance as a Basis to Discriminate Olive Varieties—A Tool for Sustainable Crop Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12073059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide sustainable development is threatened by current agricultural land change trends, particularly by the increasing rural farmland abandonment and agricultural intensification phenomena. In Mediterranean countries, these processes are affecting especially traditional olive groves with enormous socio-economic costs to rural areas, endangering environmental sustainability and biodiversity. Traditional olive groves abandonment and intensification are clearly related to the reduction of olive oil production income, leading to reduced economic viability. Most promising strategies to boost traditional groves competitiveness—such as olive oil differentiation through adoption of protected denomination of origin labels and development of value-added olive products—rely on knowledge of the olive varieties and its specific properties that confer their uniqueness and authenticity. Given the lack of information about olive varieties on traditional groves, a feasible and inexpensive method of variety identification is required. We analyzed leaf spectral information of ten Portuguese olive varieties with a powerful data-mining approach in order to verify the ability of satellite’s hyperspectral sensors to provide an accurate olive variety identification. Our results show that these olive varieties are distinguishable by leaf reflectance information and suggest that even satellite open-source data could be used to map them. Additional advantages of olive varieties mapping were further discussed.
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Butsic V, Kuemmerle T, Pallud L, Helmstedt KJ, Macchi L, Potts MD. Aligning biodiversity conservation and agricultural production in heterogeneous landscapes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02057. [PMID: 31837241 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and agricultural production has become a fundamental question in sustainability science. Substantial research has focused on how species' populations respond to agricultural intensification, with the goal to understand whether conservation policies that spatially separate agriculture and conservation or, alternatively, integrate the two are more beneficial. Spatial heterogeneity in both species abundance and agricultural productivity have been largely left out of this discussion, although these patterns are ubiquitous from local to global scales due to varying land capacity. Here, we address the question of how to align agricultural production and biodiversity conservation in heterogeneous landscapes. Using model simulations of species abundance and agricultural yields, we show that trade-offs between agricultural production and species' abundance can be reduced by minimizing the cost (in terms of species abundance) of agricultural production. We find that when species' abundance and agricultural yields vary across landscapes, the optimal strategy to minimize trade-offs is rarely pure land sparing or land sharing. Instead, landscapes that combine elements of both strategies are optimal. Additionally, we show how the reference population of a species is defined has important influences on optimization results. Our findings suggest that in the real world, understanding the impact of heterogeneous land capacity on biodiversity and agricultural production is crucial to designing multi-use landscapes that jointly maximize conservation and agricultural benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Butsic
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations in Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leo Pallud
- ENSTA ParisTech, 828 Bd des Marechaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Kate J Helmstedt
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Leandro Macchi
- Geography Department, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, UNT - CONICET, Residencia Universitaria Horco Molle, Edificio las Cúpulas, 4107, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Matthew D Potts
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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38
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Uchida K, Kamura K. Traditional Ecological Knowledge Maintains Useful Plant Diversity in Semi-natural Grasslands in the Kiso Region, Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 65:478-489. [PMID: 31970431 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wild plant species provide a variety of ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being. However, much of the legacy of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in Japan is rapidly being lost because of environmental changes; therefore, it is important to study the relationship between TEK of ecosystem management practices and plant diversity. Our study area is located in the southwest of Nagano Prefecture, Japan. We compared plant diversity among three land management types including traditional, labor-saving, and land abandonment sites, where we recorded 103 useful plant species based on interviews concerning the traditional use of local ecological resources; among them, 45 species are used for horse livestock, 32 for agriculture, 16 as edible plants, and 19 for manufacture of diverse every-day life goods. Data analyses demonstrated that useful plant diversity was significantly higher in the traditional sites than in other sites. We found highly diverse traditional uses of plant species (e.g., edible plants, horse feed, and rainwear) provided by TEK of local management. These results imply that when local farmers perform traditional management practices, they increase plant species diversity. With our work we investigated the effect of the loss of cultural values and the impact of biodiversity changes on the opportunities that people have to use ecosystem resources in Japan. This aspect particularly highlights the urgency of reconnecting nature and people. Conservation planning based on TEK has been and will be vital in addressing the goal of reducing biodiversity loss on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Uchida
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 midori-cho, Nishi-Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan.
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Kanemasa Kamura
- Kaida museum of archeology, 2730-5 Nishino, Kaida, Kiso, 397-0302, Japan
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39
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Nature-oriented park use of satoyama ecosystems can enhance biodiversity conservation in urbanized landscapes. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-020-00413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Nadal J, Ponz C, Margalida A, Pennisi L. Ecological markers to monitor migratory bird populations: Integrating citizen science and transboundary management for conservation purposes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109875. [PMID: 32063321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Countries share responsibility for the management and conservation of migratory bird species. However, a limited understanding of population dynamics hampers the implementation of harvest and transboundary management. Age-ratios and population density can be useful indicators to assess population dynamics to improve management and conservation actions. Here, the dynamics of an Atlantic population of Common quail Coturnix coturnix, using 32,508 quail samples and 4814 hunter questionnaires over a 20-year period (1996-2016) served as a comparative study for examining age-ratio patterns related to different geographic zones, population density and weather parameters. Results show that age-ratios varied over zones and years, specifically age-ratio 1 (AR1), used as an index of late breeding attempts, varied from 0.1 to 0.21. Age-ratio 2 (AR2), a surrogate of central recruitment, varied from 0.16 to 0.66. Finally, age-ratio 3 (AR3), used as an indicator of the population's annual breeding success, varied from 3.69 to 6.68. Age-ratio is linked to internal and external factors (i.e. effect of rainfall, variations over time and density-dependent relationships) depicting how quail age groups make segregated migration in time and space. Quail age groups perform a complex pattern of migration because of entwined changes in abundance, migration routes and timing, influencing population connectivity and dynamics. Our findings highlight the relevance of citizen science and transboundary agreements to improve management and conservation measures of migrant species. Administrations and policy-makers in developed and developing countries must coordinate efforts to engage hunters in a participatory management systems to achieve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Nadal
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Wildlife, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Carolina Ponz
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Wildlife, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Antoni Margalida
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Wildlife, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Institute for Game and Wildlife Research, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Pennisi
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
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Shinohara N, Uchida K, Yoshida T. Contrasting effects of land-use changes on herbivory and pollination networks. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13585-13595. [PMID: 31871668 PMCID: PMC6912900 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use changes, one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity, can cause underappreciated effects on ecosystems by altering the structures of interspecific interaction networks. These effects have typically been explored by evaluating interaction networks composed of a single type of interaction. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the different types of interaction networks sharing the same species respond to the same land-use changes in a similar manner.To compare the responses of herbivory and pollination networks to land-use changes, we investigated both types of interaction networks in seminatural grasslands categorized into three types of agricultural land-use (abandoned, extensively managed, and intensively managed) in a Japanese agricultural landscape. We quantified the structures of the interaction networks using several indices (connectance, evenness, diversity, generality, network specialization, and robustness) and compared them among different land-use types. We conducted piecewise SEM to differentiate the direct and indirect effects of land-use changes on the network structures.Although both land-use changes (abandonment and intensification) led to reduced plant and insect species richness, the structures of herbivory and pollination networks showed different responses to the land-use changes. There was a marked contrast in network generality; while, herbivore species were less generalized (i.e., having fewer host plant species) in fields with land-use intensification, pollinator species were less generalized in abandoned fields.Furthermore, the mechanisms behind the changes in interaction networks were also different between pollination and herbivory networks. The change in herbivory network generality was induced by the decrease in plant species richness, whereas the change in pollination network generality was mainly induced by the effect independent of changes in species richness and composition, which possibly reflect the less number of flowers in shaded environment.The present study demonstrates that agricultural land-use changes affect herbivory and pollination networks in contrasting ways and suggests the importance of assessing multiple types of interaction networks for biodiversity conservation in plant-insect systems. Our results also highlight the underappreciated importance of maintaining habitats with an intermediate intensity of land-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shinohara
- Department of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kei Uchida
- Institute for Sustainable Agro‐ecosystem ServicesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of General Systems StudiesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takehito Yoshida
- Department of General Systems StudiesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Research Institute for Humanity and NatureKyotoJapan
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42
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Kamikura M, Sakata Y. Fauna of nocturnal moth species collected in a semi-natural grassland at Kanpu-zan in northern Japan. Biodivers Data J 2019; 7:e37968. [PMID: 31410083 PMCID: PMC6688993 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.7.e37968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-natural grasslands, which house species-rich ecosystems, have rapidly declined since the twentieth century due to land-use practices, such as agricultural intensification and abandonment. Owing to their diversity and known habitat associations, nocturnal moths are considered as one of the most suitable organisms to be studied for assessing the dynamics of species composition as a result of changes in landscape management of semi-natural grasslands. The present study provides the foremost description of nocturnal moth fauna of the semi-natural grassland at Kanpu-zan, northern Japan. Moth population data from 1987 were compared to the data collected in 2018 to evaluate the impact of decline in grasslands on species-richness. During the field sampling in 2018, a total of 226 nocturnal moth species were detected, which was nearly two-thirds of the number of species recorded in 1987, i.e. 396 species. The values obtained in 2018 were found to be nearly constant for different sites. For both periods, it was evident that moth fauna in Kanpu-zan mainly consisted of species that relied on woody plants. Amongst the species which were only recorded in 1987, 107 species were generalists that fed on plants that are commonly distributed in Kanpu-zan. No moth species were recorded that depended upon endangered or extinct plant food sources. Thus, it is unlikely that the decline in the number of moth species in Kanpu-zan was due to the loss in plant food sources. Our results suggest that environmental factors other than food plants may have caused decline and changes in nocturnal moth fauna. More studies on various organism fauna are needed for understanding the conservation of semi-natural grassland, considering that the loss of semi-natural grasslands is one of the major threats to biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kamikura
- Department of Biological Environment, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan Department of Biological Environment, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University Akita Japan.,Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano, Japan Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba Nagano Japan
| | - Yuzu Sakata
- Department of Biological Environment, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan Department of Biological Environment, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University Akita Japan
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43
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The influence of garden flowers on pollinator visits to forest flowers: comparison of bumblebee habitat use between urban and natural areas. Urban Ecosyst 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-019-00891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Banza P, Macgregor CJ, Belo ADF, Fox R, Pocock MJO, Evans DM. Wildfire alters the structure and seasonal dynamics of nocturnal pollen‐transport networks. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Banza
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Universidade de Évora Évora Portugal
- A Rocha Portugal Mexilhoeira Grande Portugal
| | - Callum J. Macgregor
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford UK
- Butterfly Conservation Wareham UK
- Department of Biology University of York York UK
| | - Anabela D. F. Belo
- Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas Universidade de Évora Évora Portugal
| | | | | | - Darren M. Evans
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Cronin JT, Goddard J, Shivaji R. Effects of Patch-Matrix Composition and Individual Movement Response on Population Persistence at the Patch Level. Bull Math Biol 2019; 81:3933-3975. [PMID: 31264133 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fragmentation creates landscape-level spatial heterogeneity which in turn influences population dynamics of the resident species. This often leads to declines in abundance of the species due to increased susceptibility to edge effects between the remnant habitat patches and the lower quality "matrix" surrounding these focal patches. In this paper, we formalize a framework to facilitate the connection between small-scale movement and patch-level predictions of persistence through a mechanistic model based on reaction-diffusion equations. The model is capable of incorporating essential information about edge-mediated effects such as patch preference, movement behavior, and matrix-induced mortality. We mathematically analyze the model's predictions of persistence with a general logistic-type growth term and explore their sensitivity to demographic attributes in both the patch and matrix, as well as patch size and geometry. Also, we provide bounds on demographic attributes and patch size in order for the model to predict persistence of a species in a given patch based on assumptions on the patch/matrix interface. Finally, we illustrate the utility of this framework with a well-studied planthopper species (Prokelisia crocea) living in a highly fragmented landscape. Using experimentally derived data from various sources to parameterize the model, we show that, qualitatively, the model results are in accord with experimental predictions regarding minimum patch size of P. crocea. Through application of a sensitivity analysis to the model, we also suggest a ranking of the most important model parameters based on which parameter will cause the largest output variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jerome Goddard
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Auburn University Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36124, USA.
| | - Ratnasingham Shivaji
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
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46
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Uchida K, Hiraiwa MK, Cadotte MW. Non‐random loss of phylogenetically distinct rare species degrades phylogenetic diversity in semi‐natural grasslands. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Uchida
- Graduate School of Environment and Information SciencesYokohama National University Yokohama Japan
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe University Kobe Japan
| | | | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
- Department of ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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47
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van Klink R, Menz MHM, Baur H, Dosch O, Kühne I, Lischer L, Luka H, Meyer S, Szikora T, Unternährer D, Arlettaz R, Humbert JY. Larval and phenological traits predict insect community response to mowing regime manipulations. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01900. [PMID: 30980442 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the restoration of biodiversity in agricultural grasslands, it is essential to understand how management acts as an ecological filter on the resident species. Mowing constitutes such a filter: only species that possess functional traits enabling them to withstand its consequences can persist in the community. We investigated how the timing of mowing modulates this filtering effect for insects. We predicted that two traits drive species responses. Species with larval development within the meadow vegetation will suffer more from mowing than species whose larvae develop in or on the ground, or outside the meadows, while species with a later phenology should benefit from later mowing. We conducted a five-year experiment, replicated at 12 sites across the Swiss lowlands, applying three different mowing regimes to low-intensity hay meadows: (1) first cut of the year not earlier than 15 June (control regime); (2) the first cut delayed until 15 July; and (3) leaving an uncut grass refuge on 10-20% of the meadow area (after earliest first cut on 15 June). Before the first cut in years 4 or 5, we sampled larvae of Lepidoptera and sawflies, and adults of moths, parasitoid wasps, wild bees, hoverflies, ground beetles, and rove beetles. Overall, before the first cut of the year, abundances of species with vegetation-dwelling larvae were higher in meadows with delayed mowing or an uncut grass refuge, with some taxon-specific variation. In contrast, species whose larval development is independent of the meadow vegetation showed no differences in abundance between mowing regimes. Species richness did not differ among regimes. For species with vegetation-dwelling larvae, a fourth-corner analysis showed an association between early phenology and the control regime. No associations were found for the other functional groups. Our results show that slight modifications of mowing regimes, easily implementable in agri-environmental policy schemes, can boost invertebrate abundance, potentially benefitting insectivorous vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel van Klink
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Myles H M Menz
- Division of Community Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Hannes Baur
- Division of Community Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Dosch
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kühne
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Lischer
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henryk Luka
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Meyer
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Timea Szikora
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Debora Unternährer
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Arlettaz
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Valais Field Station, Rue du Rhône 11, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Humbert
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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48
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Yamaura Y, Narita A, Kusumoto Y, Nagano AJ, Tezuka A, Okamoto T, Takahara H, Nakamura F, Isagi Y, Lindenmayer D. Genomic reconstruction of 100 000-year grassland history in a forested country: population dynamics of specialist forbs. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20180577. [PMID: 31138096 PMCID: PMC6548723 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems worldwide have been extensively converted to other land uses and are globally imperiled. Because many grasslands have been maintained by human activities, understanding their origin and history is fundamentally important to better contemporary management. However, existing methods to reconstruct past vegetation can produce contrasting views on grassland history. Here, we inferred demographic histories of 40 populations of four grassland forb species throughout Japan using high-resolution genome sequences and model-flexible demographic simulation based on the site frequency spectrum. Although two species showed a slight decline in population size between 100 000–10 000 years ago, our results suggest that population sizes of studied species have been maintained within the range of 0.5–2.0 times the most recent estimates for at least 100 000 years across Japan. Our results suggest that greater than 90% declines in Japanese grasslands and subsequent losses of grassland species in the last 100 years are geologically and biologically important and will have substantial consequences for Japanese biota and culture. People have had critical roles in maintaining disturbance-dependent grassland ecosystems and biota in this warm and wet forested country. In these contexts, disturbances associated with forest harvesting and traditional extensive farming have the potential to maintain grassland ecosystems and can provide important opportunities to reconcile resource production and conservation of grassland biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yamaura
- 1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University , Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 , Japan.,2 Department of Forest Vegetation, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , 1 Matunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687 , Japan.,3 Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Ayu Narita
- 4 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan.,5 Forestry Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization , Bibai, Hokkaido 079-0198 , Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kusumoto
- 6 Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604 , Japan.,7 Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 2575 Senyu-cho, Zentsuji, Kagawa 765-0053 , Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- 8 Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University , Otsu, Shiga 520-2194 , Japan
| | - Ayumi Tezuka
- 8 Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University , Otsu, Shiga 520-2194 , Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- 9 Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , 68 Nagaikyutaroh, Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto, Kyoto 612-0855 , Japan
| | - Hikaru Takahara
- 10 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , 1-5 Hangi, Shimogamo, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8522 , Japan
| | - Futoshi Nakamura
- 1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University , Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589 , Japan
| | - Yuji Isagi
- 4 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - David Lindenmayer
- 3 Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601 , Australia
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Piqueray J, Gilliaux V, Decruyenaere V, Cornelis JT, Uyttenbroeck R, Mahy G. Management of Grassland-like Wildflower Strips Sown on Nutrient-rich Arable Soils: The Role of Grass Density and Mowing Regime. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 63:647-657. [PMID: 30868313 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-019-01153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wildflower strips (WS) are proposed in many European countries as a strategy to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services in arable fields. To create and maintain WS on nutrient-rich cultivated soils reveals challenging. Flowered species may be outcompeted by grasses due to high phosphorus content in soil. We studied during 5 years seed mixture (grass density in the seed mix) and mowing regime influenced the ability of WS to provide environmental benefits (flower provision for insects and landscape purposes, reduction of soil nutrient load) and respond to farmer concerns (noxious weed promotion, forage production). Lowered grass density increased flower abundance, but not diversity, only in the first 3 years. In the last 2 years mowing effects became determinant. Flower cover and richness were the highest under the twice-a-year mowing regime. This regime also increased forage quantity and quality. Flower colour diversity was conversely the highest where mowing occurred every two years. Potassium in the soil decreased under the twice-a-year mowing regime. Other nutrients were not affected. No management option kept noxious weed to an acceptable level after 5 years. This supports the need to test the efficacy of specific management practices such as selective clipping or spraying. Mowing WS twice a year was retained as the most favourable treatment to maintain species-rich strips with an abundant flower provision. It however implies to mow in late June, i.e. at the peak of insect abundance. It is therefore suggested to keep an unmown refuge zone when applying this management regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Piqueray
- Natagriwal ASBL, site de Gembloux, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium.
| | - Valentin Gilliaux
- Natagriwal ASBL, site de Gembloux, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Virginie Decruyenaere
- Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)-Production and Sectors Department, Rue de Liroux 8, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Jean-Thomas Cornelis
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Department BIOSystem Engineering (BIOSE),Water - Soil - Plant Exchanges, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Roel Uyttenbroeck
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Biodiversity and landscape Unit, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA - AgricultureIsLife, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Grégory Mahy
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Biodiversity and landscape Unit, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
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50
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Schirmel J, Gerlach R, Buhk C. Disentangling the role of management, vegetation structure, and plant quality for Orthoptera in lowland meadows. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:366-378. [PMID: 28815886 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seminatural grasslands provide habitats for various species and are important for biodiversity conservation. The understanding of the diverse responses of species and traits to different grassland management methods is therefore urgently needed. We disentangled the role of grassland management (fertilization and irrigation), vegetation structure (biomass, sward height) and plant quality (protein and fiber content) for Orthoptera communities in lowland hay meadows in Germany. We found vegetation structure to be the most important environmental category in explaining community structure of Orthoptera (species richness, total individuals, functional diversity and species composition). Intensively used meadows (fertilized, irrigated, high plant biomass) were characterized by assemblages with few species, low functional diversity, and low conservation value. Thereby, the relatively moderate fertilizer inputs in our study system of up to ∼75 kg N/ha/year reduced functional diversity of Orthoptera, while this negative effect of fertilization was not detectable when solely considering taxonomic aspects. We found strong support for a prominent role of plant quality in shaping Orthoptera communities and especially the trait composition. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of considering both taxonomic and functional components (functional diversity) in biodiversity research and we suggest a stronger involvement of plant quality measures in Orthoptera studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schirmel
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Rebekka Gerlach
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Constanze Buhk
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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