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Li Y, Yu W, Zhang K, Cui N, Yun T, Xia X, Jiang Y, Zhang G, Mu H, Lin S. Two-dimensional topological semimetals: an emerging candidate for terahertz detectors and on-chip integration. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2572-2602. [PMID: 38482962 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The importance of terahertz (THz) detection lies in its ability to provide detailed information in a non-destructive manner, making it a valuable tool across various domains including spectroscopy, communication, and security. The ongoing development of THz detectors aims to enhance their sensitivity, resolution and integration into compact and portable devices such as handheld scanners or integrated communication chips. Generally, two-dimensional (2D) materials are considered potential candidates for device miniaturization but detecting THz radiation using 2D semiconductors is generally difficult due to the ultra-small photon energy. However, this challenge is being addressed by the advent of topological semimetals (TSM) with zero-bandgap characteristics. These semimetals offer low-energy excitations in proximity to the Dirac point, which is particularly important for applications requiring a broad detection range. Their distinctive band structures with linear energy-momentum dispersion near the Fermi level also lead to high electron mobility and low effective mass. The presence of topologically protected dissipationless conducting channels and self-powered response provides a basis for low-energy integration. In order to establish paradigms for semimetal-based THz detectors, this review initially offers an analytical summary of THz detection principles. Then, the review demonstrates the distinct design of devices, the excellent performance derived from the topological surface state and unique band structures in TSM. Finally, we outline the prospective avenues for on-chip integration of TSM-based THz detectors. We believe this review can promote further research on the new generation of THz detectors and facilitate advancements in THz imaging, spectroscopy, and communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Yu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science &Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Nan Cui
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
| | - Tinghe Yun
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Xia
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
| | - Shenghuang Lin
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China.
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Jubgang Fandio DJ, Vishnuradhan A, Yalavarthi EK, Cui W, Couture N, Gamouras A, Ménard JM. Zeptojoule detection of terahertz pulses by parametric frequency upconversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1556-1559. [PMID: 38489449 DOI: 10.1364/ol.517916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We combine parametric frequency upconversion with the single-photon counting technology to achieve terahertz (THz) detection sensitivity down to the zeptojoule (zJ) pulse energy level. Our detection scheme employs a near-infrared ultrafast source, a GaP nonlinear crystal, optical filters, and a single-photon avalanche diode. This configuration is able to resolve 1.4 zJ (1.4 × 10-21 J) THz pulse energy, corresponding to 1.5 photons per pulse, when the signal is averaged within only 1 s (or 50,000 pulses). A single THz pulse can also be detected when its energy is above 1185 zJ. These numbers correspond to the noise-equivalent power and THz-to-NIR photon detection efficiency of 1.3 × 10-16 W/Hz1/2 and 5.8 × 10-2%, respectively. To test our scheme, we perform spectroscopy of the water vapor between 1 and 3.7 THz and obtain results that are in agreement with those acquired with a standard electro-optic sampling (EOS) method. Our technique provides a 0.2 THz spectral resolution offering a fast alternative to EOS THz detection for monitoring specific spectral components in spectroscopy, imaging, and communication applications.
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Seddon J, Hale L, Jung H, Norman S, Brener I, Seeds A, Renaud C, Mitrofanov O. Continuous wave terahertz detection using 1550 nm pumped nonlinear photoconductive GaAs metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:9809-9819. [PMID: 38571206 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) continuous wave (CW) spectroscopy systems can offer extremely high spectral resolution over the THz band by photo-mixing high-performance telecommunications-band (1530-1565 nm) lasers. However, typical THz CW detectors in these systems use narrow band-gap photoconductors, which require elaborate material growth and generate relatively large detector noise. Here we demonstrate that two-step photon absorption in a nano-structured low-temperature grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) metasurface which enables switching of photoconductivity within approximately one picosecond. We show that LT-GaAs can be used as an ultrafast photoconductor in CW THz detectors despite having a bandgap twice as large as the telecommunications laser photon energy. The metasurface design harnesses Mie modes in LT GaAs resonators, whereas metallic electrodes of THz detectors can be designed to support an additional photonic mode, which further increases photoconductivity at a desired wavelength.
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Richter M, Loth Y, Wigger AK, Nordhoff D, Rachinger N, Weisenstein C, Bosserhoff AK, Bolívar PH. High specificity THz metamaterial-based biosensor for label-free transcription factor detection in melanoma diagnostics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20708. [PMID: 38001098 PMCID: PMC10673904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a promising diagnostic tool for melanoma diagnosis. With the proposed terahertz biosensor, it was possible to selectively and sensitively detect the early growth response protein 2, a transcription factor with an increased activity in melanoma cells, from a complex sample of cellular proteins. Fundamentally, the sensor belongs to the frequency selective surface type metamaterials and consists of a two-dimensional array of asymmetrically, doubly split ring resonator unit cells. The single elements are slits in a metallic layer and are complemented by an undercut etch. This allows a selective functionalization of the active area of the sensor and increases the sensitivity towards the target analyte. Hereby, specific detection of a defined transcription factor is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Richter
- High Frequency and Quantum Electronics, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Yannik Loth
- High Frequency and Quantum Electronics, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Anna Katharina Wigger
- High Frequency and Quantum Electronics, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Daniela Nordhoff
- High Frequency and Quantum Electronics, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Nicole Rachinger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Weisenstein
- High Frequency and Quantum Electronics, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Haring Bolívar
- High Frequency and Quantum Electronics, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
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Abstract
For diabetics, taking regular blood glucose measurements is crucial. However, traditional blood glucose monitoring methods are invasive and unfriendly to diabetics. Recent studies have proposed a biofluid-based glucose sensing technique that creatively combines wearable devices with noninvasive glucose monitoring technology to enhance diabetes management. This is a revolutionary advance in the diagnosis and management of diabetes, reflects the thoughtful modernization of medicine, and promotes the development of digital medicine. This paper reviews the research progress of noninvasive continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM), with a focus on the biological liquids that replace blood in monitoring systems, the technical principles of continuous noninvasive glucose detection, and the output and calibration of sensor signals. In addition, the existing limits of noninvasive CGM systems and prospects for the future are discussed. This work serves as a resource for further promoting the development of noninvasive CGM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
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Margheri G, Del Rosso T. Long-Focusing Device for Broadband THz Applications Based on a Tunable Reflective Biprism. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1939. [PMID: 37893376 PMCID: PMC10609471 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
THz radiation has assumed great importance thanks to the efforts in the development of technological tools used in this versatile band of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we propose a reflective biprism device with wavelength-independent long-focusing performances in the THz band by exploiting the high thermo-mechanical deformation of the elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This deformation allows for achieving significant optical path modulations in the THz band and effective focusing. The surface of a PDMS layer is covered with a gold thin film acting as a heater thanks to its absorption of wavelengths below ~500 nm. An invariance property of the Fresnel integral has been exploited to experimentally verify the THz performances of the device with an ordinary visible laser source, finding excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions at 1 and 3 THz. The same property also allowed us to experimentally verify that the reflective biprism focus has a longitudinal extension much greater than that exhibited by a benchmark convex cylindrical mirror with the same optical power. The device is thermo-mechanically stable up to a heating power of 270 mW, although it might be potentially exploited at higher powers with minor degradation of the optical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Margheri
- Institute for Complex Systems of National Council of Researches of Italy, Separate Location of Sesto Fiorentino, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Del Rosso
- Department of Physics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marques de São Vicente, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil;
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7
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Obst M, Nörenberg T, Álvarez-Pérez G, de Oliveira TVAG, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Feres FH, Kaps FG, Hatem O, Luferau A, Nikitin AY, Klopf JM, Alonso-González P, Kehr SC, Eng LM. Terahertz Twistoptics-Engineering Canalized Phonon Polaritons. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19313-19322. [PMID: 37738305 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The terahertz (THz) frequency range is key to studying collective excitations in many crystals and organic molecules. However, due to the large wavelength of THz radiation, the local probing of these excitations in smaller crystalline structures or few-molecule arrangements requires sophisticated methods to confine THz light down to the nanometer length scale, as well as to manipulate such a confined radiation. For this purpose, in recent years, taking advantage of hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) in highly anisotropic van der Waals (vdW) materials has emerged as a promising approach, offering a multitude of manipulation options, such as control over the wavefront shape and propagation direction. Here, we demonstrate the THz application of twist-angle-induced HPhP manipulation, designing the propagation of confined THz radiation between 8.39 and 8.98 THz in the vdW material α-molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3), hence extending twistoptics to this intriguing frequency range. Our images, recorded by near-field optical microscopy, show the frequency- and twist-angle-dependent changes between hyperbolic and elliptic polariton propagation, revealing a polaritonic transition at THz frequencies. As a result, we are able to allocate canalization (highly collimated propagation) of confined THz radiation by carefully adjusting these two parameters, i.e. frequency and twist angle. Specifically, we report polariton canalization in α-MoO3 at 8.67 THz for a twist angle of 50°. Our results demonstrate the precise control and manipulation of confined collective excitations at THz frequencies, particularly offering possibilities for nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Obst
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Tobias Nörenberg
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Thales V A G de Oliveira
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Flávio H Feres
- Gleb Wataghin Physics Institute, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Felix G Kaps
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Osama Hatem
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Andrei Luferau
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - J Michael Klopf
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Susanne C Kehr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Lukas M Eng
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 1415, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
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8
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Li X, Li J, Li Y, Ozcan A, Jarrahi M. High-throughput terahertz imaging: progress and challenges. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:233. [PMID: 37714865 PMCID: PMC10504281 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Many exciting terahertz imaging applications, such as non-destructive evaluation, biomedical diagnosis, and security screening, have been historically limited in practical usage due to the raster-scanning requirement of imaging systems, which impose very low imaging speeds. However, recent advancements in terahertz imaging systems have greatly increased the imaging throughput and brought the promising potential of terahertz radiation from research laboratories closer to real-world applications. Here, we review the development of terahertz imaging technologies from both hardware and computational imaging perspectives. We introduce and compare different types of hardware enabling frequency-domain and time-domain imaging using various thermal, photon, and field image sensor arrays. We discuss how different imaging hardware and computational imaging algorithms provide opportunities for capturing time-of-flight, spectroscopic, phase, and intensity image data at high throughputs. Furthermore, the new prospects and challenges for the development of future high-throughput terahertz imaging systems are briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurong Li
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jingxi Li
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mona Jarrahi
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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9
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Huang J, Wang J, Guo L, Wu D, Yan S, Chang T, Cui H. Organelle Imaging with Terahertz Scattering-Type Scanning Near-Field Microscope. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13630. [PMID: 37686436 PMCID: PMC10488156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelles play core roles in living beings, especially in internal cellular actions, but the hidden information inside the cell is difficult to extract in a label-free manner. In recent years, terahertz (THz) imaging has attracted much attention because of its penetration depth in nonpolar and non-metallic materials and label-free, non-invasive and non-ionizing ability to obtain the interior information of bio-samples. However, the low spatial resolution of traditional far-field THz imaging systems and the weak dielectric contrast of biological samples hinder the application of this technology in the biological field. In this paper, we used an advanced THz scattering near-field imaging method for detecting chloroplasts on gold substrate with nano-flatness combined with an image processing method to remove the background noise and successfully obtained the subcellular-grade internal reticular structure from an Arabidopsis chloroplast THz image. In contrast, little inner information could be observed in the tea chloroplast in similar THz images. Further, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mass spectroscopy (MS) were also used to detect structural and chemical differences inside the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis and tea plants. The preliminary results suggested that the interspecific different THz information is related to the internal spatial structures of chloroplasts and metabolite differences among species. Therefore, this method could open a new way to study the structure of individual organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (J.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (J.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Linghui Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (J.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Shihan Yan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (J.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Tianying Chang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongliang Cui
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (J.W.); (H.C.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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10
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Sideris S, Zixian H, McDonnell C, Li G, Ellenbogen T. Holographic THz Beam Generation by Nonlinear Plasmonic Metasurface Emitters. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:2972-2979. [PMID: 37602295 PMCID: PMC10436349 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of terahertz (THz) technology hinges on the progress made in the development of efficient sources capable of generating and shaping the THz emission. However, the currently available THz sources provide limited control over the generated field. Here, we use near-field interactions in nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry phase plasmonic metasurfaces to achieve deep subwavelength, precise, and continuous control over the local amplitude of the emitted field. We show that this new ability can be used for holographic THz beam generation. Specifically, we demonstrate the generation of precisely shaped Hermite-Gauss, Top-Hat, and triangular beams. We show that using this method, higher-order modes are completely suppressed, indicating optimal nonlinear diffraction efficiency. In addition, we demonstrate the application of the generated structured beams for obtaining enhanced imaging resolution and contrast. These demonstrations hold immense potential to address challenges associated with a broad range of new applications employing THz technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symeon Sideris
- Department
of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6779801, Israel
| | - Hu Zixian
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cormac McDonnell
- Department
of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6779801, Israel
| | - Guixin Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute
for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tal Ellenbogen
- Department
of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6779801, Israel
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11
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Li D, Zhang C, Zhang S, Wang H, Chen W, Zhang C. Propagation of terahertz elastic longitudinal waves in piezoelectric semiconductor rods. ULTRASONICS 2023; 132:106964. [PMID: 36871440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.106964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz elastic waves travelling in piezoelectric semiconductors (PSs) with the deformation-polarization-carrier coupling have a huge potential application in elastic wave-based devices. To reveal wave propagation characteristics of terahertz elastic waves in rod-like PS structures, we present three typical rod models based on the Hamilton principle and the linearization of the nonlinear current, which are extensions of the classical, Love, and Mindlin-Herrmann rod models for elastic media to those for PS materials. Using the derived equations, the analytical dispersion relations of the elastic longitudinal waves propagating in an n-type PS rod are obtained, which can be reduced to those for piezoelectric and elastic rods by sequentially dropping the corresponding electron- and piezoelectricity-related terms. The Mindlin-Herrmann rod model is more accurate for analysis of terahertz elastic longitudinal wave in rod-like PS structures. The effects of the interaction between the piezoelectricity and semiconducting properties on the dispersion behaviors of terahertz elastic longitudinal waves are investigated in detail. Numerical results show that both phase and group velocities have a 50%-60% reduction in the terahertz range in comparison with those in the low frequency range, and the effective tuning range of the initial electron concentration is different for longitudinal waves with different frequencies. It lays the theoretical foundations for the design of terahertz elastic wave-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province & Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province & Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province & Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weiqiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province & Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chuanzeng Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen D-57076, Germany
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12
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Olivieri L, Peters L, Cecconi V, Cutrona A, Rowley M, Totero Gongora JS, Pasquazi A, Peccianti M. Terahertz Nonlinear Ghost Imaging via Plane Decomposition: Toward Near-Field Micro-Volumetry. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:1726-1734. [PMID: 37363629 PMCID: PMC10288534 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz time-domain imaging targets the reconstruction of the full electromagnetic morphology of an object. In this spectral range, the near-field propagation strongly affects the information in the space-time domain in items with microscopic features. While this often represents a challenge, as the information needs to be disentangled to obtain high image fidelity, here, we show that such a phenomenon can enable three-dimensional microscopy. Specifically, we investigate the capability of the time-resolved nonlinear ghost imaging methodology to implement field-sensitive micro-volumetry by plane decomposition. We leverage the temporally resolved, field-sensitive detection to "refocus" an image plane at an arbitrary distance from the source, which defines the near-field condition, and within a microscopic sample. Since space-time coupling rapidly evolves and diffuses within subwavelength length scales, our technique can separate and discriminate the information originating from different planes at different depths. Our approach is particularly suitable for objects with sparse micrometric details. Building upon this principle, we demonstrate complex, time-domain volumetry resolving internal object planes with subwavelength resolution, discussing the range of applicability of our technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Olivieri
- Emergent
Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Emergent
Photonics Lab (Epic), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Luke Peters
- Emergent
Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Emergent
Photonics Lab (Epic), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Vittorio Cecconi
- Emergent
Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Emergent
Photonics Lab (Epic), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Antonio Cutrona
- Emergent
Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Emergent
Photonics Lab (Epic), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Maxwell Rowley
- Emergent
Photonics Lab (Epic), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Juan Sebastian Totero Gongora
- Emergent
Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Emergent
Photonics Lab (Epic), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Alessia Pasquazi
- Emergent
Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Emergent
Photonics Lab (Epic), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Marco Peccianti
- Emergent
Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Emergent
Photonics Lab (Epic), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
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13
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Qi X, Bertling K, Stark MS, Taimre T, Kao YC, Lim YL, Han S, O’Brien B, Collins A, Walsh M, Torniainen J, Gillespie T, Donose BC, Dean P, Li LH, Linfield EH, Davies AG, Indjin D, Soyer HP, Rakić AD. Terahertz imaging of human skin pathologies using laser feedback interferometry with quantum cascade lasers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1393-1410. [PMID: 37078035 PMCID: PMC10110320 DOI: 10.1364/boe.480615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of skin pathologies with current clinical diagnostic tools is challenging, particularly when there are no visible colour changes or morphological cues present on the skin. In this study, we present a terahertz (THz) imaging technology based on a narrow band quantum cascade laser (QCL) at 2.8 THz for human skin pathology detection with diffraction limited spatial resolution. THz imaging was conducted for three different groups of unstained human skin samples (benign naevus, dysplastic naevus, and melanoma) and compared to the corresponding traditional histopathologic stained images. The minimum thickness of dehydrated human skin that can provide THz contrast was determined to be 50 µm, which is approximately one half-wavelength of the THz wave used. The THz images from different types of 50 µm-thick skin samples were well correlated with the histological findings. The per-sample locations of pathology vs healthy skin can be separated from the density distribution of the corresponding pixels in the THz amplitude-phase map. The possible THz contrast mechanisms relating to the origin of image contrast in addition to water content were analyzed from these dehydrated samples. Our findings suggest that THz imaging could provide a feasible imaging modality for skin cancer detection that is beyond the visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Qi
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karl Bertling
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mitchell S. Stark
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Thomas Taimre
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yung-Ching Kao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yah Leng Lim
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - She Han
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Blake O’Brien
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angus Collins
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Walsh
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jari Torniainen
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy Gillespie
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bogdan C. Donose
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Dean
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lian He Li
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Edmund H. Linfield
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A. Giles Davies
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dragan Indjin
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aleksandar D. Rakić
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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14
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Helminiak J, Alfaro-Gomez M, Hernandez-Cardoso GG, Koch M, Castro-Camus E. Temperature dependence of the dielectric function of dehydrated biological samples in the THz band. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1472-1479. [PMID: 37078026 PMCID: PMC10110306 DOI: 10.1364/boe.478787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz technology has demonstrated enormous potential for the analysis of biological systems and the diagnosis of some medical conditions, given its high sensitivity to detect water content. In previously published papers, effective medium theories are used to extract the water content from the terahertz measurements. When the dielectric functions of water and dehydrated bio-material are well known, the volumetric fraction of water can be left as the only free parameter in those effective medium theory models. While water complex permittivity is very well known, the dielectric functions of dehydrated tissues are normally measured for each individual application. In previous studies, it has been traditionally assumed that, unlike water, the dielectric function of the dehydrated tissues is temperature independent, measuring it only at room temperature. Yet, this is an aspect that has not been discussed and that is relevant in order to get THz technology closer to clinical and in-the-field applications. In this work, we present the characterization of the complex permittivity of dehydrated tissues; each studied at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 36.5°C. We studied samples of different organism classifications to have a wider confirmation of the results. We find that, in each case, the dielectric function changes of dehydrated tissues caused by temperature are smaller than for water across the same temperature interval. Yet, the changes in the dielectric function of the dehydrated tissue are not negligible and should, in many cases, be taken into account for the processing of terahertz signals that interact with biological tissues. While this study gives a first introduction into the probable relevancy of temperature-dependent optical behavior of biological samples, this work only focuses on the experimental proof for this relationship and will, therefore, not give a deeper analysis of how the underlying models have to be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Helminiak
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mariana Alfaro-Gomez
- Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Cd. Universitaria, 20100, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Goretti G. Hernandez-Cardoso
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Koch
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Enrique Castro-Camus
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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15
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Ding X, Costa G, Hernandez-Serrano AI, Stantchev RI, Nurumbetov G, Haddleton DM, Pickwell-MacPherson E. Quantitative evaluation of transdermal drug delivery patches on human skin with in vivo THz-TDS. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1146-1158. [PMID: 36950242 PMCID: PMC10026588 DOI: 10.1364/boe.473097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has been widely used in medical treatments due to various advantages, including delivering drugs at a consistent rate. However, variations in skin hydration can have a significant effect on the permeability of chemicals. Therefore, it is essential to study the changes in skin hydration induced by TDD patches for better control of the delivery rate. In this work, in vivo terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is conducted to quantitatively monitor human skin after the application of patches with different backing materials and propylene glycol concentrations. Changes in skin hydration and skin response to occlusion induced by other patches are investigated and compared. Our work demonstrates the potential application of in vivo THz measurements in label-free, non-invasive evaluation of transdermal patches on human skin and further reveals the mechanism behind the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Ding
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gonçalo Costa
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Rayko I. Stantchev
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gabit Nurumbetov
- Medherant Ltd., The Venture Centre, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, UK
| | - David M. Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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16
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Rahman MH, Rana MM, Hossain MS, Sen S, Al-Amin M. Analytical approach for modeling and simulation of photonic crystal fiber based on low effective material loss. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCOMSOL Multiphysics simulation software has been used to create a hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) with hexagonal cladding and a rotating hexa elliptical shape core. The hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) fiber is built on five layers of circular air holes, and it is suitable for telecommunication applications especially optical fiber communication in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) is designed to have an ultra-low effective material loss (EML), a higher core power fraction, a bigger effective area, and reduced confinement loss. The smallest effective material loss from the proposed hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) is 0.00689 cm−1, with a better core power fraction of 82%, less confinement loss of 3.45 × 10–14 cm−1 and a better effective area of 3.65 × 10–4 m2 is achieved at one terahertz (THz) waveguide region. Furthermore, using the features of the V-Parameter, our developed hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) fiber reveals an optical waveguide with one mode throughout a frequency range of terahertz (THz) wave area. So, it has been said that our hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) structure will be highly beneficial for optical fiber communications applications in the THz frequency range.
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17
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Bannikova S, Khlebodarova T, Vasilieva A, Mescheryakova I, Bryanskaya A, Shedko E, Popik V, Goryachkovskaya T, Peltek S. Specific Features of the Proteomic Response of Thermophilic Bacterium Geobacillus icigianus to Terahertz Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315216. [PMID: 36499542 PMCID: PMC9735757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the effects of terahertz (THz) radiation on the proteome of temperature-sensitive organisms is limited by a number of significant technical difficulties, one of which is maintaining an optimal temperature range to avoid thermal shock as much as possible. In the case of extremophilic species with an increased temperature tolerance, it is easier to isolate the effects of THz radiation directly. We studied the proteomic response to terahertz radiation of the thermophilic Geobacillus icigianus, persisting under wide temperature fluctuations with a 60 °C optimum. The experiments were performed with a terahertz free-electron laser (FEL) from the Siberian Center for Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation, designed and employed by the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the SB of the RAS. A G. icigianus culture in LB medium was THz-irradiated for 15 min with 0.23 W/cm2 and 130 μm, using a specially designed cuvette. The life cycle of this bacterium proceeds under conditions of wide temperature and osmotic fluctuations, which makes its enzyme systems stress-resistant. The expression of several proteins was shown to change immediately after fifteen minutes of irradiation and after ten minutes of incubation at the end of exposure. The metabolic systems of electron transport, regulation of transcription and translation, cell growth and chemotaxis, synthesis of peptidoglycan, riboflavin, NADH, FAD and pyridoxal phosphate cofactors, Krebs cycle, ATP synthesis, chaperone and protease activity, and DNA repair, including methylated DNA, take part in the fast response to THz radiation. When the response developed after incubation, the systems of the cell's anti-stress defense, chemotaxis, and, partially, cell growth were restored, but the respiration and energy metabolism, biosynthesis of riboflavin, cofactors, peptidoglycan, and translation system components remained affected and the amino acid metabolism system was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Bannikova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tamara Khlebodarova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Asya Vasilieva
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Mescheryakova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alla Bryanskaya
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Shedko
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasily Popik
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 11 Acad. Lavrentieva Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Goryachkovskaya
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Peltek
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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18
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Sadeghi A, Naghavi SMH, Mozafari M, Afshari E. Nanoscale biomaterials for terahertz imaging: A non-invasive approach for early cancer detection. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101565. [PMID: 36343417 PMCID: PMC9643578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) technology is developing a non-invasive imaging system for biosensing and clinical diagnosis. THz medical imaging mainly benefits from great sensitivity in detecting changes in water content and structural variations in diseased cells versus normal tissues. Compared to healthy tissues, cancerous tumors contain a higher level of water molecules and show structural changes, resulting in different THz absorption. Here we described the principle of THz imaging and advancement in the field of translational biomedicine and early detection of pathologic tissue, with a particular focus on oncology. In addition, although the main forte of THz imaging relies on detecting differences in water content to distinguish the exact margin of tumor, THz displays limited contrast in living tissue for in-vivo clinical imaging. In the last few years, nanotechnology has attracted attention to aid THz medical imaging and various nanoparticles have been investigated as contrast enhancements to improve the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of THz images. Most of these multimodal contrast agents take advantage of the temperature-dependent of THz spectrum to the conformational variation of the water molecule. We discuss advances in developing THz contrast agents to accelerate the advancement of non-invasive THz imaging with improved sensitivity and specificity for translational clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sadeghi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - S M Hossein Naghavi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ehsan Afshari
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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19
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De Almeida MB, Aharonov-Nadborny R, Gabbai E, Palka AP, Schiavo L, Esmanhoto E, Riediger I, Rocha J, Margulis A, Loureiro M, Pettan-Brewer C, Kmetiuk LB, De Barros-Filho IR, Biondo AW. Clinical trial and detection of SARS-CoV-2 by a commercial breath analysis test based on Terahertz technology. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273506. [PMID: 36126048 PMCID: PMC9488804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health threats such as the current COVID-19 pandemics have required prompt action by the local, national, and international authorities. Rapid and noninvasive diagnostic methods may provide on-site detection and immediate social isolation, used as tools to rapidly control virus spreading. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a commercial breath analysis test (TERA.Bio®) and deterministic algorithm for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 spectral signature of Volatile Organic Compounds present in exhaled air samples of suspicious persons from southern Brazil. A casuistic total of 70 infected and 500 non-infected patients were sampled, tested, and results later compared to RT-qPCR as gold standard. Overall, the test showed 92.6% sensitivity and 96.0% specificity. No statistical correlation was observed between SARS-CoV-2 positivity and infection by other respiratory diseases. Further studies should focus on infection monitoring among asymptomatic persons. In conclusion, the breath analysis test herein may be used as a fast, on-site, and easy-to-apply screening method for diagnosing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eran Gabbai
- TeraGroup Terahertz Ltd, Herzliya, Tel Aviv District, Israel
| | - Ana Paula Palka
- Paraná Institute of Technology—TECPAR, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Leticia Schiavo
- Paraná Institute of Technology—TECPAR, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Elis Esmanhoto
- Paraná Institute of Technology—TECPAR, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Irina Riediger
- Paraná State Reference Laboratory, São Jose dos Pinhais, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Jaime Rocha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pontifical Catholic University, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Ariel Margulis
- TeraGroup Terahertz Ltd, Herzliya, Tel Aviv District, Israel
| | - Marcelo Loureiro
- Paraná Institute of Technology—TECPAR, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Christina Pettan-Brewer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Louise Bach Kmetiuk
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
| | | | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil
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20
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Hashimoto K, Ben Ishai P, Bründermann E, Tripathi SR. Dielectric property measurement of human sweat using attenuated total reflection terahertz time domain spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4572-4582. [PMID: 36187269 PMCID: PMC9484438 DOI: 10.1364/boe.467450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweat is one of the essential biofluids produced by the human body, and it contains various physiological biomarkers. These biomarkers can indicate human health conditions such as disease and illness. In particular, imbalances in the concentration of electrolytes can indicate the onset of disease. These same imbalances affect the dielectric properties of sweat. In this study, we used attenuated total reflection terahertz time domain spectroscopy to obtain the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of human sweat in a frequency range from 200 GHz to 2.5 THz. We have investigated the variation of dielectric properties of sweat collected from different regions of the human body, and we have observed that the real and imaginary part of dielectric permittivity decreases with the increase in frequency. A combination of left-hand Jonscher and Havriliak-Negami processes is used to model the results and reveal the presence of relaxation processes related to sodium and calcium ions concentrations. This information may help design novel biosensors to understand the human health condition and provide a hydration assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Hashimoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Paul Ben Ishai
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Erik Bründermann
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Saroj R. Tripathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
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21
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Krajewski B, Rajput SS, Chołuj M, Wojaczyńska E, Miniewicz A, Alam MM, Zaleśny R. First-order hyperpolarizabilities of propellanes: elucidating structure-property relationships. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13534-13541. [PMID: 35612526 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00381c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following recent experimental work demonstrating strong nonlinear optical properties, namely second harmonic generation of light, in crystals composed of 16,20-dinitro-(3,4,8,9)-dibenzo-2,7-dioxa-5,10-diaza[4.4.4]propellane molecules [A. Miniewicz, S. Bartkiewicz, E. Wojaczyńska, T. Galica, R. Zaleśny and R. Jakubas, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2019, 7, 1255-1262] in this paper we aim to investigate "structure-property" relationships for a series of 16 propellanes presenting a wide palette of substituents with varying electron-accepting/donating capabilities. To that end, we use electronic- and vibrational-structure theories and a recently developed generalized few-state model combined with a range-separated CAM-B3LYP functional to analyze electronic and vibrational contributions to the first hyperpolarizability for the whole series of molecules. The variations in computed properties are large among the studied set of substituents and can reach an order of magnitude. It has been demonstrated that the maximum values of frequency-independent first hyperpolarizability are expected for strong electron-accepting NO2 substituents, but only at the preferred position with respect to the electronegative oxygen atom in the 1,4-oxazine moiety. This holds for electronic as well as vibrational counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Krajewski
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Swati Singh Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India.
| | - Marta Chołuj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Wojaczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Miniewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Md Mehboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India.
| | - Robert Zaleśny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370, Wrocław, Poland.
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22
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Ren Z, Xu J, Liu J, Li B, Zhou C, Sheng Z. Active and Smart Terahertz Electro-Optic Modulator Based on VO 2 Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26923-26930. [PMID: 35652202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modulating terahertz (THz) waves actively and smartly through an external field is highly desired in the development of THz spectroscopic devices. Here, we demonstrate an active and smart electro-optic THz modulator based on a strongly correlated electron oxide vanadium dioxide (VO2). With milliampere current excitation on the VO2 thin film, the transmission, reflection, absorption, and phase of THz waves can be modulated efficiently. In particular, the antireflection condition can be actively achieved and the modulation depth reaches 99.9%, accompanied by a 180° phase switching. Repeated and current scanning experiments confirm the high stability and multibit modulation of this electro-optic modulation. Most strikingly, by utilizing a feedback loop of "THz-electro-THz" geometry, a smart electro-optic THz control is realized. For instance, the antireflection condition can be stabilized precisely no matter what the initial condition is and how the external environment changes. The proposed electro-optic THz modulation method, taking advantage of strongly correlated electron material, opens up avenues for the realization of THz smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ren
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | | | - Bolin Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhigao Sheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
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23
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Fu X, Shi L, Yang J, Fu Y, Liu C, Wu JW, Yang F, Bao L, Cui TJ. Flexible Terahertz Beam Manipulations Based on Liquid-Crystal-Integrated Programmable Metasurfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22287-22294. [PMID: 35476394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz wave manipulations, especially the phase manipulations, through metasurfaces has attracted considerable interests. Here, we develop a terahertz beam steering device using the liquid-crystal (LC)-integrated programmable metasurface. Specifically, a reflective-type 1 bit metasurface element is designed by employing a multilayer structure composed of metallic back plate-LC-complementary split ring resonator (CSRR). Numerical simulations show that, at the optimized operation frequency of 0.675 THz, the developed metasurface element has a nearly 180° phase difference between unbiased and biased states with close reflection amplitudes. Furthermore, a one-dimensional programmable metasurface array with 32 independently controlled subarrays is designed and fabricated using the lithography technology. Both simulated and measured far-field scattering patterns of the metasurface certify the anomalous beam reflection and wide-angle beam steering performances. Nevertheless, the optimal frequency red shifts to 0.645 THz in the experiment. This work may advance the application of metasurfaces in terahertz beam manipulation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-electric Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
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24
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Vafapour Z. Cost-Effective Bull's Eye Aperture-Style Multi-Band Metamaterial Absorber at Sub-THz Band: Design, Numerical Analysis, and Physical Interpretation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22082892. [PMID: 35458876 PMCID: PMC9029594 DOI: 10.3390/s22082892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical and numerical studies were conducted on plasmonic interactions at a polarization-independent semiconductor-dielectric-semiconductor (SDS) sandwiched layer design and a brief review of the basic theory model was presented. The potential of bull's eye aperture (BEA) structures as device elements has been well recognized in multi-band structures. In addition, the sub-terahertz (THz) band (below 1 THz frequency regime) is utilized in communications and sensing applications, which are in high demand in modern technology. Therefore, we produced theoretical and numerical studies for a THz-absorbing-metasurface BEA-style design, with N-beam absorption peaks at a sub-THz band, using economical and commercially accessible materials, which have a low cost and an easy fabrication process. Furthermore, we applied the Drude model for the dielectric function of semiconductors due to its ability to describe both free-electron and bound systems simultaneously. Associated with metasurface research and applications, it is essential to facilitate metasurface designs to be of the utmost flexible properties with low cost. Through the aid of electromagnetic (EM) coupling using multiple semiconductor ring resonators (RRs), we could tune the number of absorption peaks between the 0.1 and 1.0 THz frequency regime. By increasing the number of semiconductor rings without altering all other parameters, we found a translation trend of the absorption frequencies. In addition, we validated our spectral response results using EM field distributions and surface currents. Here, we mainly discuss the source of the N-band THz absorber and the underlying physics of the multi-beam absorber designed structures. The proposed microstructure has ultra-high potentials to utilize in high-power THz sources and optical biomedical sensing and detection applications based on opto-electronics technology based on having multi-band absorption responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Vafapour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; or or
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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25
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Dong J, Ribeiro A, Vacheret A, Locquet A, Citrin DS. Revealing inscriptions obscured by time on an early-modern lead funerary cross using terahertz multispectral imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3429. [PMID: 35236894 PMCID: PMC8891279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of a corrosion layer on lead art and archæological objects can severely impede the interpretation of inscriptions, thus hampering our overall understanding of the object and its context. While the oxidation of lead that dominates corrosion may be chemically reversible via reduction, potentially providing some access to inscriptions otherwise obscured by time, corrosion damage is overall neither entirely reversible nor is the reduction process in all cases easy or feasible to carry out. In this study, by taking advantage of the unique penetration ability of terahertz radiation and the abundant frequency bands covered by a single-cycle terahertz pulse, we perform nondestructive terahertz multispectral imaging to look under the corrosion on a sixteenth century lead funerary cross (croix d’absolution) from Remiremont in Lorraine, France. The multispectral images obtained from various terahertz frequency bands are fed into a judiciously designed post-processing chain for image restoration and enhancement, thus allowing us for the first time to read obscured inscriptions that might have otherwise been lost. Our approach, which brings together in a new way the THz properties of the constituent materials and advanced signal- and image-processing techniques, opens up new perspectives for multi-resolution analysis at terahertz frequencies as a technique in archæometry and will ultimately provide unprecedented information for digital acquisition and documentation, character extraction, classification, and recognition in archæological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Dong
- Georgia Tech-CNRS IRL 2958, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, Metz, 57070, France.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0250, USA.,Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Ana Ribeiro
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie des Métaux, 1 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 54140, Jarville-la-Malgrange, France
| | - Aurélien Vacheret
- Musée Charles de Bruyères, 70 rue Charles de Gaulle, 88200, Remiremont, France
| | - Alexandre Locquet
- Georgia Tech-CNRS IRL 2958, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, Metz, 57070, France.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0250, USA
| | - D S Citrin
- Georgia Tech-CNRS IRL 2958, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, Metz, 57070, France. .,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0250, USA.
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26
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Agour M, Fallorf C, Taleb F, Castro-Camus E, Koch M, Bergmann RB. Terahertz referenceless wavefront sensing by means of computational shear-interferometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7068-7081. [PMID: 35299478 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we demonstrate the first referenceless measurement of a THz wavefront by means of shear-interferometry. The technique makes use of a transmissive Ronchi phase grating to generate the shear. We fabricated the grating by mechanical machining of high-density polyethylene. At the camera plane, the +1 and -1 diffraction orders are coherently superimposed, generating an interferogram. We can adjust the shear by selecting the period of the grating and the focal length of the imaging system. We can also alter the direction of the shear by rotating the grating. A gradient-based iterative algorithm is used to reconstruct the wavefront from a set of shear interferograms. The results presented in this study demonstrate the first step towards wavefield sensing in the terahertz band without using a reference wave.
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27
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Zhang P, Cai T, Zhou Q, She G, Liang W, Deng Y, Ning T, Shi W, Zhang L, Zhang C. Ultrahigh Modulation Enhancement in All-Optical Si-Based THz Modulators Integrated with Gold Nanobipyramids. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1541-1548. [PMID: 35118860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical regulation strategy with the aid of hybrid materials can significantly optimize the performance of terahertz devices. Gold nanobipyramids (AuNBPs) with synthetical tunability to the near-infrared band show strong local field enhancement, which improves optical coupling at the interface and benefits the modulation performance. We design AuNBPs-integrated terahertz modulators with multiple structured surfaces and demonstrate that introducing AuNBPs can effectively enhance their modulation depths. In particular, an ultrahigh modulation enhancement of 1 order of magnitude can be achieved in the AuNBPs hybrid metamaterials accompanied by the multifunctional modulation characteristics. By application of the coupled Lorentz oscillator model, the theoretical calculation suggests that the optical regulation with AuNBPs originates from increased damping rate and higher coupling coefficient under pump excitation. Additionally, a terahertz spatial light modulator is constructed to demonstrate multiple imaging display and consume extremely low power, which is promising for the potential application in spatial and frequency selective imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guangwei She
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wanlin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuwang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tingyin Ning
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - WenSheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Cunlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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28
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Tarabichi S, Al-Raeei M, Solieva O. Improving the accuracy of tumor surgery by THz imaging and making the results of pathological anatomy faster by THz spectroscopy. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The terahertz radiation is a specific part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum and has multiple significant applications in multiple scientific researches such as the applications in the medicine. An important application of the terahertz is its use in tumor imaging which is very important in the tumor surgery; however, lots of physicians and workers in the medical field have little information or having no information at all, dealing with this significant part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Results
In this work, we interviewed a number of local surgeons in Syrian Arab Republic, who reported that they visually delineate the contour of tumors to be removed, and in order to reduce the number of future possible interventions, a large margin of healthy tissue is often excised. Furthermore, a number of pathologists who reported that preparing samples of excised tissues for examination takes a long period of time which may extend to several days, and that the results of histopathology indicate in some cases the integrity of removed tissues.
Conclusion
We have found that a significant number of participants in the survey demonstrated that the importance of dealing with terahertz imaging and terahertz spectroscopy, encouraging to implement the technique in the Syrian Arab Republic.
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29
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Kirisawa R, Kato R, Furusaki K, Onodera T. Universal Virucidal Activity of Calcium Bicarbonate Mesoscopic Crystals That Provides an Effective and Biosafe Disinfectant. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020262. [PMID: 35208717 PMCID: PMC8877192 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the virucidal effects in solution of a new type of disinfectant, calcium bicarbonate mesoscopic crystals, designated CAC-717, against various types of virus. CAC-717 in solution is alkaline (pH 12.4) and has a self-electromotive force that generates pulsed electrical fields. Upon application to human skin, the pH of the solution becomes 8.4. CAC-717 contains no harmful chemicals and is thus non-irritating and harmless to humans and animals. Its virucidal effects were tested against six types of animal virus: enveloped double-strand (ds)-DNA viruses, non-enveloped ds-DNA viruses, non-enveloped single strand (ss)-DNA viruses, enveloped ss-RNA viruses, non-enveloped ss-RNA viruses, and non-enveloped ds-RNA viruses. The treatment resulted in a reduction in viral titer of at least 3.00 log10 to 6.38 log10. Fetal bovine serum was added as a representative organic substance. When its concentration was ≥20%, the virucidal effect of CAC-717 was reduced. Real-time PCR revealed that CAC-717 did not reduce the quantity of genomic DNA of most of the DNA viruses, but it greatly reduced that of the genomic RNA of most of the RNA viruses. CAC-717 may therefore be a useful biosafe disinfectant for use against a broad range of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikio Kirisawa
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-388-4748
| | - Rika Kato
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan;
| | - Koichi Furusaki
- Mineral Activation Technical Research Center, Ohmuta 836-0041, Japan;
| | - Takashi Onodera
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
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30
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Shur M, Aizin G, Otsuji T, Ryzhii V. Plasmonic Field-Effect Transistors (TeraFETs) for 6G Communications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7907. [PMID: 34883910 PMCID: PMC8659914 DOI: 10.3390/s21237907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ever increasing demands of data traffic makes the transition to 6G communications in the 300 GHz band inevitable. Short-channel field-effect transistors (FETs) have demonstrated excellent potential for detection and generation of terahertz (THz) and sub-THz radiation. Such transistors (often referred to as TeraFETs) include short-channel silicon complementary metal oxide (CMOS). The ballistic and quasi-ballistic electron transport in the TeraFET channels determine the TeraFET response at the sub-THz and THz frequencies. TeraFET arrays could form plasmonic crystals with nanoscale unit cells smaller or comparable to the electron mean free path but with the overall dimensions comparable with the radiation wavelength. Such plasmonic crystals have a potential of supporting the transition to 6G communications. The oscillations of the electron density (plasma waves) in the FET channels determine the phase relations between the unit cells of a FET plasmonic crystal. Excited by the impinging radiation and rectified by the device nonlinearities, the plasma waves could detect both the radiation intensity and the phase enabling the line-of-sight terahertz (THz) detection, spectrometry, amplification, and generation for 6G communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shur
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Electronics of the Future, Inc., Vienna, VA 22181, USA
| | - Gregory Aizin
- Kingsborough College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11235, USA;
| | - Taiichi Otsuji
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; (T.O.); (V.R.)
| | - Victor Ryzhii
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; (T.O.); (V.R.)
- Institute of Ultra High Frequency Semiconductor Electronics of RAS, 117105 Moscow, Russia
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31
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Abstract
Agricultural products need to be inspected for quality and safety, and the issue of safety of agricultural products caused by quality is frequently investigated. Safety testing should be carried out before agricultural products are consumed. The existing technologies for inspecting agricultural products are time-consuming and require complex operation, and there is motivation to develop a rapid, safe, and non-destructive inspection technology. In recent years, with the continuous progress of THz technology, THz spectral imaging, with the advantages of its unique characteristics, such as low energies, superior spatial resolution, and high sensitivity to water, has been recognized as an efficient and feasible identification tool, which has been widely used for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of agricultural production. In this paper, the current main performance achievements of the use of THz images are presented. In addition, recent advances in the application of THz spectral imaging technology for inspection of agricultural products are reviewed, including internal component detection, seed classification, pesticide residues detection, and foreign body and packaging inspection. Furthermore, machine learning methods applied in THz spectral imaging are discussed. Finally, the existing problems of THz spectral imaging technology are analyzed, and future research directions for THz spectral imaging technology are proposed. Recent rapid development of THz spectral imaging has demonstrated the advantages of THz radiation and its potential application in agricultural products. The rapid development of THz spectroscopic imaging combined with deep learning can be expected to have great potential for widespread application in the fields of agriculture and food engineering.
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32
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A Review of Non-Invasive Optical Systems for Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21206820. [PMID: 34696033 PMCID: PMC8537963 DOI: 10.3390/s21206820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally. More than 690 million cases of diabetes are expected worldwide by 2045. Continuous blood glucose monitoring is essential to control the disease and avoid long-term complications. Diabetics suffer on a daily basis with the traditional glucose monitors currently in use, which are invasive, painful, and cost-intensive. Therefore, the demand for non-invasive, painless, economical, and reliable approaches to monitor glucose levels is increasing. Since the last decades, many glucose sensing technologies have been developed. Researchers and scientists have been working on the enhancement of these technologies to achieve better results. This paper provides an updated review of some of the pioneering non-invasive optical techniques for monitoring blood glucose levels that have been proposed in the last six years, including a summary of state-of-the-art error analysis and validation techniques.
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33
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Sitnikov DS, Pronkin AA, Ilina IV, Revkova VA, Konoplyannikov MA, Kalsin VA, Baklaushev VP. Numerical modelling and experimental verification of thermal effects in living cells exposed to high-power pulses of THz radiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17916. [PMID: 34504144 PMCID: PMC8429778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of cells or biological tissues to high-power pulses of terahertz (THz) radiation leads to changes in a variety of intracellular processes. However, the role of heating effects due to strong absorption of THz radiation by water molecules still stays unclear. In this study, we performed numerical modelling in order to estimate the thermal impact on water of a single THz pulse as well as a series of THz pulses. A finite-element (FE) model that provides numerical solutions for the heat conduction equation is employed to compute the temperature increase. A simple expression for temperature estimation in the center of the spot of THz radiation is presented for given frequency and fluence of the THz pulse. It has been demonstrated that thermal effect is determined by either the average power of radiation or by the fluence of a single THz pulse depending on pulse repetition rate. Human dermal fibroblasts have been exposed to THz pulses (with an energy of [Formula: see text] and repetition rate of 100 Hz) to estimate the thermal effect. Analysis of heat shock proteins expression has demonstrated no statistically significant difference ([Formula: see text]) between control and experimental groups after 3 h of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Sitnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13 Bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia, 125412.
| | - A A Pronkin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13 Bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia, 125412
| | - I V Ilina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13 Bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia, 125412
| | - V A Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy Boulevard 28, Moscow, Russia, 115682
| | - M A Konoplyannikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy Boulevard 28, Moscow, Russia, 115682
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V A Kalsin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy Boulevard 28, Moscow, Russia, 115682
| | - V P Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy Boulevard 28, Moscow, Russia, 115682
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Valušis G, Lisauskas A, Yuan H, Knap W, Roskos HG. Roadmap of Terahertz Imaging 2021. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4092. [PMID: 34198603 PMCID: PMC8232131 DOI: 10.3390/s21124092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this roadmap article, we have focused on the most recent advances in terahertz (THz) imaging with particular attention paid to the optimization and miniaturization of the THz imaging systems. Such systems entail enhanced functionality, reduced power consumption, and increased convenience, thus being geared toward the implementation of THz imaging systems in real operational conditions. The article will touch upon the advanced solid-state-based THz imaging systems, including room temperature THz sensors and arrays, as well as their on-chip integration with diffractive THz optical components. We will cover the current-state of compact room temperature THz emission sources, both optolectronic and electrically driven; particular emphasis is attributed to the beam-forming role in THz imaging, THz holography and spatial filtering, THz nano-imaging, and computational imaging. A number of advanced THz techniques, such as light-field THz imaging, homodyne spectroscopy, and phase sensitive spectrometry, THz modulated continuous wave imaging, room temperature THz frequency combs, and passive THz imaging, as well as the use of artificial intelligence in THz data processing and optics development, will be reviewed. This roadmap presents a structured snapshot of current advances in THz imaging as of 2021 and provides an opinion on contemporary scientific and technological challenges in this field, as well as extrapolations of possible further evolution in THz imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintaras Valušis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Department of Optoelectronics, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alvydas Lisauskas
- Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hui Yuan
- Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (H.Y.); (H.G.R.)
| | - Wojciech Knap
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hartmut G. Roskos
- Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (H.Y.); (H.G.R.)
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Qi L, Minkevičius L, Urbanowicz A, Švigelj A, Grigelionis I, Kašalynas I, Trontelj J, Valušis G. Antenna-Coupled Titanium Microbolometers: Application for Precise Control of Radiation Patterns in Terahertz Time-Domain Systems. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103510. [PMID: 34070029 PMCID: PMC8158144 DOI: 10.3390/s21103510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An ability of lensless titanium-based antenna coupled microbolometers (Ti-μbolometers) operating at room temperature to monitor precisely radiation patterns in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) systems are demonstrated. To provide comprehensive picture, two different THz-TDS systems and Ti-μbolometers coupled with three different antennas-narrowband dipole antennas for 0.3 THz, 0.7 THz and a log-periodic antenna for wideband detection-were selected for experiments. Radiation patterns, spatial beam profiles and explicit beam evolution along the propagation axis are investigated; polarization-sensitive properties under various THz emitter power ranges are revealed. It was found that the studied Ti-μbolometers are convenient lensless sensors suitable to discriminate and control THz radiation pattern features in various wideband THz-TDS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qi
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Department of Optoelectronics, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.Q.); (L.M.); (A.U.); (I.G.); (I.K.)
| | - Linas Minkevičius
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Department of Optoelectronics, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.Q.); (L.M.); (A.U.); (I.G.); (I.K.)
| | - Andrzej Urbanowicz
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Department of Optoelectronics, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.Q.); (L.M.); (A.U.); (I.G.); (I.K.)
| | - Andrej Švigelj
- Laboratory for Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (J.T.)
| | - Ignas Grigelionis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Department of Optoelectronics, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.Q.); (L.M.); (A.U.); (I.G.); (I.K.)
| | - Irmantas Kašalynas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Department of Optoelectronics, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.Q.); (L.M.); (A.U.); (I.G.); (I.K.)
- Luvitera Ltd., Savanorių Ave. 235, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janez Trontelj
- Laboratory for Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (J.T.)
| | - Gintaras Valušis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Department of Optoelectronics, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.Q.); (L.M.); (A.U.); (I.G.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Vohra N, Chavez T, Troncoso JR, Rajaram N, Wu J, Coan PN, Jackson TA, Bailey K, El-Shenawee M. Mammary tumors in Sprague Dawley rats induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea for evaluating terahertz imaging of breast cancer. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2021; 8:023504. [PMID: 33928181 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.8.2.023504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate terahertz (THz) imaging for differentiating cancerous from non-cancerous tissues in mammary tumors developed in response to injection of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) in Sprague Dawley rats. Approach: While previous studies have investigated the biology of mammary tumors of this model, the current work is the first study to employ an imaging modality to visualize these tumors. A pulsed THz imaging system is utilized to experimentally collect the time-domain reflection signals from each pixel of the rat's excised tumor. A statistical segmentation algorithm based on the expectation-maximization (EM) classification method is implemented to quantitatively assess the obtained THz images. The model classification of cancer is reported in terms of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the areas under the curves. Results: The obtained low-power microscopic images of 17 ENU-rat tumor sections exhibited the presence of healthy connective tissue adjacent to cancerous tissue. The results also demonstrated that high reflection THz signals were received from cancerous compared with non-cancerous tissues. Decent tumor classification was achieved using the EM method with values ranging from 83% to 96% in fresh tissues and 89% to 96% in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Conclusions: The proposed ENU breast tumor model of Sprague Dawley rats showed a potential to obtain cancerous tissues, such as human breast tumors, adjacent to healthy tissues. The implemented EM classification algorithm quantitatively demonstrated the ability of THz imaging in differentiating cancerous from non-cancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagma Vohra
- University of Arkansas, Bell Engineering Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Tanny Chavez
- University of Arkansas, Bell Engineering Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Joel R Troncoso
- University of Arkansas, Bell Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- University of Arkansas, Bell Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Jingxian Wu
- University of Arkansas, Bell Engineering Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Patricia N Coan
- Oklahoma State University, Animal Resources Unit, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Todd A Jackson
- Oklahoma State University, Animal Resources Unit, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Keith Bailey
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Magda El-Shenawee
- University of Arkansas, Bell Engineering Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
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Sun L, Zhao L, Peng RY. Research progress in the effects of terahertz waves on biomacromolecules. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:28. [PMID: 33894781 PMCID: PMC8070290 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of terahertz technologies, basic research and applications of terahertz waves in biomedicine have attracted increasing attention. The rotation and vibrational energy levels of biomacromolecules fall in the energy range of terahertz waves; thus, terahertz waves might interact with biomacromolecules. Therefore, terahertz waves have been widely applied to explore features of the terahertz spectrum of biomacromolecules. However, the effects of terahertz waves on biomacromolecules are largely unexplored. Although some progress has been reported, there are still numerous technical barriers to clarifying the relation between terahertz waves and biomacromolecules and to realizing the accurate regulation of biological macromolecules by terahertz waves. Therefore, further investigations should be conducted in the future. In this paper, we reviewed terahertz waves and their biomedical research advantages, applications of terahertz waves on biomacromolecules and the effects of terahertz waves on biomacromolecules. These findings will provide novel ideas and methods for the research and application of terahertz waves in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Haidian District, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Haidian District, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Haidian District, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Faridi FR, Preu S. Pulsed free space two-port photonic vector network analyzer with up to 2 THz bandwidth. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:12278-12291. [PMID: 33984991 DOI: 10.1364/oe.418120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a free space two-port photonic vector network analyzer capable of measuring the scattering parameters of devices and materials in the terahertz range with a frequency coverage of 0.2 - 2 THz in a single system. It is based on photoconductive terahertz sources and detectors driven by a telecom-wavelength femtosecond laser. Being able to cover a bandwidth of one order of magnitude, the system is capable of performing S-parameter measurements deep into the terahertz range, beyond frequencies reachable by their electronic counterparts. We demonstrate high performance at three application examples, namely S-parameter measurements of a split ring resonator array and a distributed Bragg reflector, as well as material parameter extraction of several materials.
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Trace Identification and Visualization of Multiple Benzimidazole Pesticide Residues on Toona sinensis Leaves Using Terahertz Imaging Combined with Deep Learning. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073425. [PMID: 33810447 PMCID: PMC8037687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular spectroscopy has been widely used to identify pesticides. The main limitation of this approach is the difficulty of identifying pesticides with similar molecular structures. When these pesticide residues are in trace and mixed states in plants, it poses great challenges for practical identification. This study proposed a state-of-the-art method for the rapid identification of trace (10 mg·L−1) and multiple similar benzimidazole pesticide residues on the surface of Toona sinensis leaves, mainly including benzoyl (BNL), carbendazim (BCM), thiabendazole (TBZ), and their mixtures. The new method combines high-throughput terahertz (THz) imaging technology with a deep learning framework. To further improve the model reliability beyond the THz fingerprint peaks (BNL: 0.70, 1.07, 2.20 THz; BCM: 1.16, 1.35, 2.32 THz; TBZ: 0.92, 1.24, 1.66, 1.95, 2.58 THz), we extracted the absorption spectra in frequencies of 0.2–2.2 THz from images as the input to the deep convolution neural network (DCNN). Compared with fuzzy Sammon clustering and four back-propagation neural network (BPNN) models (TrainCGB, TrainCGF, TrainCGP, and TrainRP), DCNN achieved the highest prediction accuracies of 100%, 94.51%, 96.26%, 94.64%, 98.81%, 94.90%, 96.17%, and 96.99% for the control check group, BNL, BCM, TBZ, BNL + BCM, BNL + TBZ, BCM + TBZ, and BNL + BCM + TBZ, respectively. Taking advantage of THz imaging and DCNN, the image visualization of pesticide distribution and residue types on leaves was realized simultaneously. The results demonstrated that THz imaging and deep learning can be potentially adopted for rapid-sensing detection of trace multi-residues on leaf surfaces, which is of great significance for agriculture and food safety.
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40
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Low cost and long-focal-depth metallic axicon for terahertz frequencies based on parallel-plate-waveguides. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3005. [PMID: 33542299 PMCID: PMC7862276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate a triangular surface lens (axicon) operating at frequencies between 350 and 450 GHz using parallel-plate-waveguide technology. The proposed axicon offers longer focal depth characteristics compared to conventional plastic lenses, surpassing common TPX lenses by one order of magnitude. Additionally, due to the triangular surface of the axicon, this device is able to focus THz radiation onto smaller areas than TPX lenses, enhancing the resolution characteristics of THz imaging systems. The frequency range of operation of the proposed axicon can be easily tuned by changing the space between plates, making this approach a very attractive candidate for low-cost, robust and easy to assemble solutions for the next generation of active THz devices.
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Cao C, Serita K, Kitagishi K, Murakami H, Zhang ZH, Tonouchi M. Terahertz Spectroscopy Tracks Proteolysis by a Joint Analysis of Absorptance and Debye Model. Biophys J 2020; 119:2469-2482. [PMID: 33189688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Terahertz waves have attracted great attention in biomolecule research because of the fact that they cover the range of energy levels of weak interactions, skeleton vibrations, and dipole rotations during inter- and intramolecular interactions in biomacromolecules. In this study, we validated the feasibility of employing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) for the nondestructive and label-free monitoring of protein digestion. The acid protease, pepsin, was used at its optimal pH to hydrolyze bovine serum albumin. Correspondingly, the control group experiment was also conducted by adjusting the pH value to inactivate pepsin. The progress of these two experiments was tracked by a compact commercial THz-TDS for 1 h. On one hand, the reaction-time-dependent absorption coefficient was calculated, and a direct absorption coefficient analysis was completed. The results indicate that protein hydrolysis can be easily monitored over time by focusing on the variation tendency of the absorption coefficient from a macroscopic perspective. On the other hand, we explored the use of the Debye model to analyze the dielectric properties of the solution during protein hydrolysis. The results of the Debye analysis prove that it is possible to investigate in detail the microscopic dynamics of biomacromolecule solutions at the molecular level by THz-TDS. Our research examined the process of protein hydrolysis by a combination of absorption spectra and Debye analysis and demonstrated that terahertz spectroscopy is a powerful technology for the investigation of biomolecular reactions, with potential applications in variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cao
- School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Serita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Kitagishi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironaru Murakami
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhao-Hui Zhang
- School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Design of a Multipurpose Photonic Chip Architecture for THz Dual-Comb Spectrometers. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20216089. [PMID: 33120866 PMCID: PMC7663308 DOI: 10.3390/s20216089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a multipurpose photonic integrated circuit capable of generating multiheterodyne complex Dual-Combs (DC) THz signals. Our work focuses on translating the functionality of an electro-optic tunable DC system into a photonic chip employing standard building blocks to ensure the scalability and cost efficiency of the integrated device. The architecture we analyze for integration is based on three stages: a seed comb, a mode selection stage and a DC stage. This final DC stage includes a frequency shifter, a key element to improve the final detection of the THz signals and obtain real-time operation. This investigation covers three key aspects: (1) a solution for comb line selection on GHz spaced combs using OIL or OPLL on photonic chips is studied and evaluated, (2) a simple and versatile scheme to produce a frequency shift using the double sideband suppressed carrier modulation technique and an asymmetric Mach Zehnder Interferometer to filter one of the sidebands is proposed, and (3) a multipurpose architecture that can offer a versatile effective device, moving from application-specific PICs to general-purpose PICs. Using the building blocks (BBs) available from an InP-based foundry, we obtained simulations that offer a high-quality Dual-Comb frequency shifted signal with a side mode suppression ratio around 21 dB, and 41 dB after photodetection with an intermediate frequency of 1 MHz. We tested our system to generate a Dual-Comb with 10 kHz of frequency spacing and an OOK modulation with 5 Gbps which can be down-converted to the THz range by a square law detector. It is also important to note that the presented architecture is multipurpose and can also be applied to THz communications. This design is a step to enable a commercial THz photonic chip for multiple applications such as THz spectroscopy, THz multispectral imaging and THz telecommunications and offers the possibility of being fabricated in a multi-project wafer.
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Liu H, Zhao K, Liu X, Zhang Z, Qian J, Zhang C, Liang M. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on a terahertz signal and VMD-CWSE. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5045-5059. [PMID: 33014599 PMCID: PMC7510877 DOI: 10.1364/boe.392860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy on combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) and composite weighted-scale sample entropy (CWSE) modified from composite multiscale entropy (CMSE) is proposed to screen hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by measuring the terahertz (THz) pulse signals of ten normal and ten HCC serums. Eight measured HCC specimens are negative in serum biomarker alpha fetoprotein (AFP) determination. In CWSE, the time series with weighted-scales are generated from the weighted average processing in the coarse-grained time series corresponding to each scale of the CMSE algorithm. VMD served as a preprocessing method was introduced into decomposing THz signal to obtain the mode functions of specific bandwidth for identification. Final results reveal that more obtainable entropy values of CWSE for recognition in comparison to those of CMSE on the basis of the rule of statistically significant difference and effect size and also manifest the stronger discriminability than the traditional THz parameters. This study provides a new potential auxiliary tool for diagnosis HCC and develops the methodology on the discrimination for similar THz signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingyu Qian
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Cunlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meiyan Liang
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Seifert JM, Hernandez-Cardoso GG, Koch M, Castro-Camus E. Terahertz beam steering using active diffraction grating fabricated by 3D printing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:21737-21744. [PMID: 32752446 DOI: 10.1364/oe.399376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we propose variable-period diffraction gratings for terahertz frequencies. The design, fabrication and characterization of such devices are presented. Our measurements show the possibility to actively shift of the deflection angle for each frequency using this device. We also demonstrated that, when driven by a speaker, these variable gratings can be used for active beam steering with potential application in terahertz communications.
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45
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Perraud JB, Chopard A, Guillet JP, Gellie P, Vuillot A, Mounaix P. A Versatile Illumination System for Real-Time Terahertz Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3993. [PMID: 32709138 PMCID: PMC7412008 DOI: 10.3390/s20143993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz technologies are attracting strong interest from high-end industrial fields, and particularly for non-destructive-testing purposes. Currently lacking compactness, integrability as well as adaptability for those implementations, the development and commercialisation of more efficient sources and detectors progressively ensure the transition toward applicative implementations, especially for real-time full-field imaging. In this work, a flexible illumination system, based on fast beam steering has been developed and characterized. Its primary goal is to suppress interferences induced by the coherence length of certain terahertz sources, spoiling terahertz images. The second goal is to ensure an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio on the detector side by the full use and optimized distribution of the available power. This system provides a homogeneous and adjustable illumination through a simplified setup to guarantee optimum real-time imaging capabilities, tailored to the sample under inspection. Working toward industrial implementations, different illumination process are conveniently assessed as a result of the versatility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Perraud
- IMS—Bordeaux University, UMR CNRS 5218, Bât A31, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France; (J.-B.P.); (A.C.); (J.-P.G.)
| | - Adrien Chopard
- IMS—Bordeaux University, UMR CNRS 5218, Bât A31, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France; (J.-B.P.); (A.C.); (J.-P.G.)
- Lytid—8 rue la Fontaine, 92120 Montrouge, France; (P.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Jean-Paul Guillet
- IMS—Bordeaux University, UMR CNRS 5218, Bât A31, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France; (J.-B.P.); (A.C.); (J.-P.G.)
| | - Pierre Gellie
- Lytid—8 rue la Fontaine, 92120 Montrouge, France; (P.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Antoine Vuillot
- Lytid—8 rue la Fontaine, 92120 Montrouge, France; (P.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Patrick Mounaix
- IMS—Bordeaux University, UMR CNRS 5218, Bât A31, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France; (J.-B.P.); (A.C.); (J.-P.G.)
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46
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Attenuated Total Reflection for Terahertz Modulation, Sensing, Spectroscopy and Imaging Applications: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) technique has become one of the most promising analytical methods and has been applied in many fields. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique applied in THz spectroscopy and imaging has been proven to be superior in functionalities such as modulation, sensing, analyzing, and imaging. Here, we first provide a concise introduction to the principle of ATR, discuss the factors that impact the ATR system, and demonstrate recent advances on THz wave modulation and THz surface plasmon sensing based on the THz-ATR system. Then, applications on THz-ATR spectroscopy and imaging are reviewed. Towards the later part, the advantages and limitations of THz-ATR are summarized, and prospects of modulation, surface plasmon sensing, spectroscopy and imaging are discussed.
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Van Tiggelen H, LeBlanc K, Campbell K, Woo K, Baranoski S, Chang Y, Dunk A, Gloeckner M, Hevia H, Holloway S, Idensohn P, Karadağ A, Koren E, Kottner J, Langemo D, Ousey K, Pokorná A, Romanelli M, Santos V, Smet S, Tariq G, Van den Bussche K, Van Hecke A, Verhaeghe S, Vuagnat H, Williams A, Beeckman D. Standardizing the classification of skin tears: validity and reliability testing of the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel Classification System in 44 countries. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:146-154. [PMID: 31605618 PMCID: PMC7384145 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin tears are acute wounds that are frequently misdiagnosed and under-reported. A standardized and globally adopted skin tear classification system with supporting evidence for diagnostic validity and reliability is required to allow assessment and reporting in a consistent way. OBJECTIVES To measure the validity and reliability of the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP) Classification System internationally. METHODS A multicountry study was set up to validate the content of the ISTAP Classification System through expert consultation in a two-round Delphi procedure involving 17 experts from 11 countries. An online survey including 24 skin tear photographs was conducted in a convenience sample of 1601 healthcare professionals from 44 countries to measure diagnostic accuracy, agreement, inter-rater reliability and intrarater reliability of the instrument. RESULTS A definition for the concept of a 'skin flap' in the area of skin tears was developed and added to the initial ISTAP Classification System consisting of three skin tear types. The overall agreement with the reference standard was 0·79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·79-0·80] and sensitivity ranged from 0·74 (95% CI 0·73-0·75) to 0·88 (95% CI 0·87-0·88). The inter-rater reliability was 0·57 (95% CI 0·57-0·57). The Cohen's Kappa measuring intrarater reliability was 0·74 (95% CI 0·73-0·75). CONCLUSIONS The ISTAP Classification System is supported by evidence for validity and reliability. The ISTAP Classification System should be used for systematic assessment and reporting of skin tears in clinical practice and research globally. What's already known about this topic? Skin tears are common acute wounds that are misdiagnosed and under-reported too often. A skin tear classification system is needed to standardize documentation and description for clinical practice, audit and research. What does this study add? The International Skin Tear Advisory Panel Classification System was psychometrically tested in 1601 healthcare professionals from 44 countries. Diagnostic accuracy was high when differentiating between type 1, 2 and 3 skin tears using a set of validated photographs.
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Tsubouchi M, Nagashima K. High-speed terahertz color imaging using a 100 kHz line scan camera. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:17820-17831. [PMID: 32679985 DOI: 10.1364/oe.394312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a high-speed two-dimensional (2D) terahertz (THz) color imaging system for practical applications. This system performs THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurements in one-dimensional (1D) space simultaneously to reduce the spatial scan from 2D to 1D and obtains the 2D THz color image in which the spectral data is possessed in each pixel. We realize measurements on the image with 750 × 1000 pixels (13 mm × 25 mm) with the spatial resolution of 1.5 mm within 10 seconds. This is two orders of magnitude faster than conventional THz color imaging methods. High-speed 2D THz color imaging will be used in non-destructive and non-invasive inspections of industrial products and biological tissues in the future.
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Titanium-Based Microbolometers: Control of Spatial Profile of Terahertz Emission in Weak Power Sources. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) imaging and spectroscopy set-ups require fine optical alignment or precise control of spatial mode profile. We demonstrate universal, convenient and easy-to-use imaging—resonant and broadband antenna coupled ultrasensitive titanium-based—dedicated to accurately adjust and control spatial mode profiles without additional focusing optical components of weak power THz sources. Versatile operation of the devices is shown using different kinds of THz—electronic multiplier sources, optical THz mixer-based frequency domain and femtosecond optoelectronic THz time-domain spectrometers as well as optically pumped molecular THz laser. Features of the microbolometers within 0.15–0.6 THz range are exposed and discussed, their ability to detect spatial mode profiles beyond the antennas resonances, up to 2.52 THz, are explored. Polarization-sensitive mode control possibilities are examined in details. The suitability of the resonant antenna-coupled microbolometers to resolve low-absorbing objects at 0.3 THz is revealed via direct, dark field and phase contrast imaging techniques as well.
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Liu L, Li T, Liu Z, Fan F, Yuan H, Zhang Z, Chang S, Zhang X. Terahertz polarization sensing based on metasurface microsensor display anti-proliferation of tumor cells with aspirin. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2416-2430. [PMID: 32499934 PMCID: PMC7249843 DOI: 10.1364/boe.392056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition effects of aspirin on cell proliferation are investigated by both traditional THz resonance sensing and the improved THz polarization sensing method based on a polarization dependent metasurface microsensor. Compared to resonance sensing, the quality factor of polarization sensing is 4∼5 times higher than that of resonance sensing, and its figure of merit is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of the resonance sensing with the same metasurface microsensor. Our proposed metasurface-based biosensors may supply a novel viewpoint on cell proliferation from a physical perspective and be a valuable complementary reference for biological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Tengfei Li
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Zixian Liu
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Fei Fan
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongfeng Yuan
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shengjiang Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
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