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Argüello TM. Spatializing HIV: Putting Queer (men) in its place via social marketing. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2024; 4:100169. [PMID: 38516214 PMCID: PMC10954028 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The current study is concerned with how HIV is spatialized, or emplaced in everyday life, and therefore how prevention, Queer identity, and the virus itself are given meaning. Employing a transdisciplinary methodology based in Critical Discourse Studies and critical human geography, this study provides a geosemiotic analysis of an HIV prevention social marketing effort called the Little Prick campaign. Findings showed that space was constructed through multiple competing dynamics across professionals and citizens, as well as amidst contested notions of risk and branding in the epidemic. The analysis illuminates the discursive relationship amongst Queer, HIV, and prevention. Equally, this study counters the biased notion that "prevention fatigue" in high-risk populations hampers professional labor by, instead, exposing a semiotic fatigue in the HIV epidemic and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Argüello
- Director and Professor, School of Social Work, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, 4010 Mariposa, MS 6090, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
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Pravosud V, Ballard AM, Holloway IW, Young AM. Latent Class Analysis of Online Platforms for Partner-Seeking and Sexual Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men from Central Kentucky. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1015-1028. [PMID: 37824036 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Little is known whether engagement in sexual behaviors associated with potential HIV risks differs by subgroups of men who have sex with men (MSM), who are distinct regarding patterns of use of online tools for partner-seeking. Using latent class analysis, we revealed four classes of app-using MSM (n = 181, 18-34 y.o., 82.4% identified as White and non-Hispanic) residing in Central Kentucky: the Grindr/Tinder class; the Poly App Use class of MSM-oriented apps; the General Social Media class, and the Bumble class. Unadjusted penalized logistic regressions showed associations of the Poly App Use class with increased numbers of receptive anal sex partners and reporting condomless receptive anal sex. Adjusting for other covariates, poly app users versus others were more likely to be older (25-34 vs. 18-24, AOR = 3.81, 95%CI = 1.70-9.03), to report past six-month illicit drug use (AOR = 2.93, 95%CI = 1.25-7.43) and to have ever used pre-exposure prophylaxis (AOR = 2.79, 95%CI = 1.10-7.12). Poly app users had behavior profiles associated with an elevated HIV risk and also reported HIV-related protective behaviors likely indicating increased risk awareness among this class. Our findings warrant differentiation of behavior profiles by patterns of app use and suggest not to generalize sexual behaviors associated with potential HIV risks to all app-using MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vira Pravosud
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - April M Ballard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian W Holloway
- Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - April M Young
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Brown LA, Webster JL, Tran JT, Wolfe JR, Golinkoff J, Patel E, Arcomano AC, Ben Nathan J, Azat O'Connor A, Zhu Y, Oquendo M, Brown GK, Mandell D, Mowery D, Bauermeister JA. A Suicide Prevention Intervention for Emerging Adult Sexual and Gender Minority Groups: Protocol for a Pilot Hybrid Effectiveness Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e48177. [PMID: 37773618 PMCID: PMC10576233 DOI: 10.2196/48177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide attempts and suicide death disproportionately affect sexual and gender minority emerging adults (age 18-24 years). However, suicide prevention strategies tailored for emerging adult sexual and gender minority (EA-SGM) groups are not widely available. The Safety Planning Intervention (SPI) has strong evidence for reducing the risk for suicide in the general population, but it is unclear how best to support EA-SGM groups in their use of a safety plan. Our intervention (Supporting Transitions to Adulthood and Reducing Suicide [STARS]) builds on content from an existing life skills mobile app for adolescent men who have sex with men (iREACH) and seeks to target core risk factors for suicide among EA-SGM groups, namely, positive affect, discrimination, and social disconnection. The mobile app is delivered to participants randomized to STARS alongside 6 peer mentoring sessions to support the use of the safety plan and other life skills from the app to ultimately reduce suicide risk. OBJECTIVE We will pilot-test the combination of peer mentoring alongside an app-based intervention (STARS) designed to reduce suicidal ideation and behaviors. STARS will include suicide prevention content and will target positive affect, discrimination, and social support. After an in-person SPI with a clinician, STARS users can access content and activities to increase their intention to use SPI and overcome obstacles to its use. EA-SGM groups will be randomized to receive either SPI alone or STARS and will be assessed for 6 months. METHODS Guided by the RE-AIM (reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework, we will recruit and enroll a racially and ethnically diverse sample of 60 EA-SGM individuals reporting past-month suicidal ideation. Using a type-1 effectiveness-implementation hybrid design, participants will be randomized to receive SPI (control arm) or to receive SPI alongside STARS (intervention arm). We will follow the participants for 6 months, with evaluations at 2, 4, and 6 months. Preliminary effectiveness outcomes (suicidal ideation and behavior) and hypothesized mechanisms of change (positive affect, coping with discrimination, and social support) will serve as our primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes include key implementation indicators, including participants' willingness and adoption of SPI and STARS and staff's experiences with delivering the program. RESULTS Study activities began in September 2021 and are ongoing. The study was approved by the institutional review board of the University of Pennsylvania (protocol number 849500). Study recruitment began on October 14, 2022. CONCLUSIONS This project will be among the first tailored, mobile-based interventions for EA-SGM groups at risk for suicide. This project is responsive to the documented gaps for this population: approaches that address chosen family, focus on a life-course perspective, web approaches, and focus on health equity and provision of additional services relevant to sexual and gender minority youth. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05018143; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05018143. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/48177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica L Webster
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer T Tran
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James R Wolfe
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jesse Golinkoff
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Esha Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amanda C Arcomano
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Ben Nathan
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander Azat O'Connor
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yiqin Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maria Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gregory K Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Mandell
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Danielle Mowery
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - José A Bauermeister
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Pravosud V, Ballard AM, Holloway IW, Young AM. Online Partner Seeking and Sexual Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men From Small and Midsized Towns: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e35056. [PMID: 35687395 PMCID: PMC9233248 DOI: 10.2196/35056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) residing outside of large urban areas are underrepresented in research on online partner seeking and sexual behaviors related to transmission of HIV. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine associations between the use of the internet or social networking apps (online tools) to meet partners for sex, dating, or for both purposes (online partner seeking) and sexual behaviors among MSM residing in small and midsized towns in Kentucky, United States. METHODS Using peer-referral sampling and online self-administered questionnaires, data were collected from 252 men, aged 18 to 34 years, who had recently (past 6 months) engaged in anal sex with another man and resided in Central Kentucky. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we assessed associations of online partner seeking and HIV-related sexual behaviors. RESULTS Most (181/252, 71.8%) of the participants reported using online tools for partner seeking. Of these 181 respondents, 166 (91.7%) had used online tools to meet partners for sex (n=45, 27.1% for sex only; and n=121, 72.9% for sex and dating) and 136 (75.1%) had used online tools to meet partners for dating (n=15, 11% for dating only; and n=121, 89% for sex and dating). Adjusted analyses revealed that MSM who had engaged in condomless insertive and receptive anal intercourse were less likely to report online partner seeking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.68; P=.009 and aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10-0.66; P=.005, respectively). Increased number of insertive and receptive anal sex partners and substance use before or during sex were associated with higher odds of online partner seeking (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.11-1.55; P=.001; aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.39; P=.008; and aOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.41-4.44; P=.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among MSM who reside outside of large urban areas and practice online partner seeking, HIV risk-reduction interventions should address safer sex practices, including the risks for HIV transmission associated with alcohol or drug use before or during sex. MSM who do not practice online partner seeking are in need of continued outreach to reduce condomless anal sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vira Pravosud
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - April M Ballard
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ian W Holloway
- Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - April M Young
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
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5
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Patterns of Online and Offline Partnering, Partnership Characteristics, and Condomless Sex Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males in the USA. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:2033-2045. [PMID: 33385277 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Online partner-seeking among adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM) has been associated with condomless anal sex. Two hypotheses may explain this association: that online venues facilitate HIV transmission risk behavior more than offline venues (accentuation), or that individuals who tend to engage in these behaviors are more likely to seek partners online (self-selection). We examined these hypotheses in 700 13-18 year-old ASMM who completed the baseline survey of an effectiveness trial of an HIV prevention program in 2018-2020. The survey assessed demographic, sexual, and venue characteristics of male anal sex partnerships in the past 3 months. Many participants (83%) reported ≥ 1 online-met partner; most were met via sexual networking applications and were older than offline-met partners. Having met partners online, but not whether a particular partner was met online, was associated with greater odds of receptive condomless sex. Findings support the self-selection hypothesis, which has implications for HIV prevention in ASMM.
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Biello KB, Hill-Rorie J, Valente PK, Futterman D, Sullivan PS, Hightow-Weidman L, Muessig K, Dormitzer J, Mimiaga MJ, Mayer KH. Development and Evaluation of a Mobile App Designed to Increase HIV Testing and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: Open Pilot Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25107. [PMID: 33759792 PMCID: PMC8074990 DOI: 10.2196/25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV disproportionately affects young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in the United States. Uptake of evidence-based prevention strategies, including routine HIV testing and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is suboptimal in this population. Novel methods for reaching YMSM are required. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe the development and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the MyChoices app, a mobile app designed to increase HIV testing and PrEP use among YMSM in the United States. METHODS Informed by the social cognitive theory, the MyChoices app was developed using an iterative process to increase HIV testing and PrEP uptake among YMSM. In 2017, beta theater testing was conducted in two US cities to garner feedback (n=4 groups; n=28 YMSM). These findings were used to refine MyChoices, which was then tested for initial acceptability and usability in a technical pilot (N=11 YMSM). Baseline and 2-month postbaseline assessments and exit interviews were completed. Transcripts were coded using a deductive approach, and thematic analysis was used to synthesize data; app acceptability and use data were also reported. RESULTS The MyChoices app includes personalized recommendations for HIV testing frequency and PrEP use; information on types of HIV tests and PrEP; ability to search for nearby HIV testing and PrEP care sites; and ability to order free home HIV and sexually transmitted infection test kits, condoms, and lube. In theater testing, YMSM described that MyChoices appears useful and that they would recommend it to peers. Participants liked the look and feel of the app and believed that the ability to search for and be pinged when near an HIV testing site would be beneficial. Some suggested that portions of the app felt repetitive and preferred using casual language rather than formal or medicalized terms. Following theater testing, the MyChoices app was refined, and participants in the technical pilot used the app, on average, 8 (SD 5.0; range 2-18) times over 2 months, with an average duration of 28 (SD 38.9) minutes per session. At the 2-month follow-up, the mean System Usability Scale (0-100) score was 71 (ie, above average; SD 11.8). Over 80% (9/11) of the participants reported that MyChoices was useful and 91% (10/11) said that they would recommend it to a friend. In exit interviews, there was a high level of acceptability for the content, interface, and features. CONCLUSIONS These data show the initial acceptability and user engagement of the MyChoices app. If future studies demonstrate efficacy in increasing HIV testing and PrEP uptake, the app is scalable to reach YMSM across the United States. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03179319; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03179319. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/10694.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie B Biello
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.,Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Pablo K Valente
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Donna Futterman
- Adolescent AIDS Program, Children's Hospital at Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Patrick S Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Global Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lisa Hightow-Weidman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn Muessig
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Mimiaga
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.,Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angelas, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Sternin S, McKie RM, Winberg C, Travers RN, Humphreys TP, Reissing ED. Sexual consent: Exploring the perceptions of heterosexual and non-heterosexual men. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1879911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robb N. Travers
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
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Rogge RD, Crasta D, Legate N. Is Tinder-Grindr Use Risky? Distinguishing Venue from Individuals' Behavior as Unique Predictors of Sexual Risk. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1263-1277. [PMID: 31832853 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Geosocial networking apps (GSN; e.g., Tinder, Grindr) have rapidly increased in popularity, showing associations with greater sexual risk-taking. This study sought to distinguish between risks associated with intensive partner-seeking (i.e., individuals seeking out casual sex frequently across many venues) and risks associated with specific venues (e.g., GSNs, dating websites, offline activities). Expanding upon a literature predominantly focused on the population of men who have sex with men (MSM), we recruited a broader range of sexual identities. A convenience sample of 3180 participants from the U.S. (18-75 years old, 69% female, 75% Caucasian, 68% heterosexual) completed an anonymous, cross-sectional online survey. Logistic regressions yielded adjusted odds ratios highlighting the unique links between each predictor and sexual risk-taking. MSM/WSW indicators, quantity of partner-seeking and specific venues-particularly GSN use-emerged as robust predictors of sexual risk, increasing the odds of reporting all six outcomes examined: (1) having three or more sex partners in the last year, (2) having hookups in the last 2 months, (3) having hookups involving alcohol or (4) drug use, (5) condomless sexual activity with new partners in the last 2 months, and (6) ever having had a sexually transmitted infection. Although a large portion of risk originated from the proclivities of the individuals seeking casual sex, both online and offline methods of partner-seeking also contributed significant risk, suggesting that specific venues like GSN apps could be used as methods of targeting higher-risk behaviors. The results also highlight the importance of moving beyond MSM when addressing sexual risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald D Rogge
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, 462 Meliora Hall, RC Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627-0266, USA.
| | - Dev Crasta
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, 462 Meliora Hall, RC Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627-0266, USA
| | - Nicole Legate
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Patten S, Doria N, Joy P, Sinno J, Spencer R, Leblanc MA, Holmes D, Numer M. Sexualized drug use in virtual space: A scoping review of how gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men interact online. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the scope of the current literature on sexualized drug use (SDU) among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), particularly in online spaces. Over the last decade, there has been a rapid emergence of online venues for GBMSM to interact for sexual purposes. These spaces have also been infused with various substances that influence or shape the sexual interactions among GBMSM. Employing a scoping review methodology, we explored the interplay between GBMSM, SDU, and online dating and hookup apps. This scoping review presents four themes emerging from the literature: the connection between social networking apps (SNAs) and SDU, the planning and coordination of sex parties, accessing drugs through SNAs, and the coded language that emerges on SNAs. These findings synthesize the important relationship between GBMSM and SDUs, and identify the implications for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Patten
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Nicole Doria
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Phillip Joy
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Jad Sinno
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Rebecca Spencer
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Marc-Andre Leblanc
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Dave Holmes
- School of Nursing, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Matthew Numer
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
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Martinez JE, Jonas KJ. Social Judgments of Sexual Behavior and Use of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. SOCIAL COGNITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2020.38.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Barnes SL, Hollingsworth C. Spirituality and Social Media: The Search for Support Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in Tennessee. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2020; 67:79-103. [PMID: 30307800 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2018.1525945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men (BMSM) have been the subject of much research focused on health disparities in HIV occurrence, stigma, and mental health. Although such research is important, fewer studies focus on other equally salient areas of their lives such as spirituality, religious practices, and social support. Informed by literature on social support, this research endeavors to better understand these dynamics for a group of young BMSM who reside in a metropolitan city in Tennessee. Focus group results and content analysis uncover themes related to religion and resilience; queering Christianity; and virtual spirituality. Participants expressed an overarching need for support, safe spaces, genuine relationships, and godly instruction, conveyed through traditional Black Church involvement and nontraditional Internet usage. Findings are important for strategic, proactive, cross-generational collaboration with young BMSM to holistically meet their varied needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Barnes
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charrise Hollingsworth
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Cao B, Saha PT, Leuba SI, Lu H, Tang W, Wu D, Ong J, Liu C, Fu R, Wei C, Tucker JD. Recalling, Sharing and Participating in a Social Media Intervention Promoting HIV Testing: A Longitudinal Analysis of HIV Testing Among MSM in China. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:1240-1249. [PMID: 30632008 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Social media interventions may enhance HIV services among key populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM). This longitudinal analysis examined the effect of recalling, sharing, and participating in different components of a social media intervention on HIV testing among MSM. The social media intervention included six images/texts and information about an online local community contest to promote testing. Of the 1033 men, they recalled a mean of 2.7 out of six images and shared an average of one image online. 34.5% of men recalled information on the online local community contest and engaged in a mean of 1.3 contest. Recalling images/texts (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25) and recalling a local contest (aOR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.13-1.24) were associated with facility-based HIV testing. This study has implications for the development and evaluation of social media interventions to promote HIV testing.
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13
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Saberi P, Neilands TB, Lally MA, Hosek SG, Hightow-Weidman L. The Association between Use of Online Social Networks to Find Sex Partners and Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women Living with HIV. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2019; 18:2325958219867324. [PMID: 31389285 PMCID: PMC6900576 DOI: 10.1177/2325958219867324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions to examine the association between the use of social media sites to find sex partners and recent diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 13- to 24-year-old men who have sex with men and transgender women living with HIV. We used linear regression to determine the relationship between the number of STIs and the number of social media sites used to find sex partners with each type of sex act included in the analysis. Secondary analyses substituted frequency of social media site use for number of social media sites. Among 741 participants, for every 1 social media account used to find sex partners, there was a 2.53% (95% confidence interval: 0.28-5.54) increase in STIs. This association was mediated through condomless receptive anal intercourse or condomless insertive anal intercourse but not barrierless oral intercourse. Similar but attenuated associations were found when frequency of social media site use was substituted for number of social media sites. Future research should examine innovative interventions on these social media sites with respect for its users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Saberi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Torsten B. Neilands
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A. Lally
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and
Lifespan Hospital System, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sybil G. Hosek
- Department of Psychiatry, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL,
USA
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Card KG, Lachowsky NJ, Gislason MG, Hogg RS, Roth EA. A Narrative Review of Internet Use, Interpersonal Connectedness, and Sexual Behaviour Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2018; 67:265-283. [PMID: 30582736 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2018.1536418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have often considered the impact that online dating has had on gay communities; with some arguing that changes in social behavior may impact the spread of HIV. However, these conclusions are based on the premise that the Internet has fundamentally changed the way gay and bisexual men connect with their communities. Addressing this issue, we searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies examining Internet use and interpersonal connectedness among gay and bisexual men to determine whether those who used the Internet to find sexual partners exhibited different patterns of community connectedness. Though sporadic, findings suggest that Internet use may be associated with lower gay identity, community attachment, and social embeddedness. However, recent reports have suggested that online sex seeking might be associated with greater, not less, interpersonal connectedness. We conclude that additional longitudinal analyses and consistent measurement of gay men's social behavior are needed to draw more definite conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiffer G Card
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maya G Gislason
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Robert S Hogg
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Eric A Roth
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Card KG, Gibbs J, Lachowsky NJ, Hawkins BW, Compton M, Edward J, Salway T, Gislason MK, Hogg RS. Using Geosocial Networking Apps to Understand the Spatial Distribution of Gay and Bisexual Men: Pilot Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018; 4:e61. [PMID: 30089609 PMCID: PMC6105865 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.8931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While services tailored for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) may provide support for this vulnerable population, planning access to these services can be difficult due to the unknown spatial distribution of gbMSM outside of gay-centered neighborhoods. This is particularly true since the emergence of geosocial networking apps, which have become a widely used venue for meeting sexual partners. OBJECTIVE The goal of our research was to estimate the spatial density of app users across Metro Vancouver and identify the independent and adjusted neighborhood-level factors that predict app user density. METHODS This pilot study used a popular geosocial networking app to estimate the spatial density of app users across rural and urban Metro Vancouver. Multiple Poisson regression models were then constructed to model the relationship between app user density and areal population-weighted neighbourhood-level factors from the 2016 Canadian Census and National Household Survey. RESULTS A total of 2021 app user profiles were counted within 1 mile of 263 sampling locations. In a multivariate model controlling for time of day, app user density was associated with several dissemination area-level characteristics, including population density (per 100; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.04), average household size (IRR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11-0.62), average age of males (IRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98), median income of males (IRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-0.99), proportion of males who were not married (IRR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.13), proportion of males with a postsecondary education (IRR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10), proportion of males who are immigrants (IRR 1.04, 95% CI 1.004-1.07), and proportion of males living below the low-income cutoff level (IRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.98). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates how the combination of geosocial networking apps and administrative datasets might help care providers, planners, and community leaders target online and offline interventions for gbMSM who use apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiffer George Card
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, Faculty of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jeremy Gibbs
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nathan John Lachowsky
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, Faculty of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Travis Salway
- Community Based Research Centre for Gay Men's Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maya K Gislason
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Robert S Hogg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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16
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Card KG, Armstrong HL, Lachowsky NJ, Cui Z, Zhu J, Roth EA, Hogg RS. Patterns of Online and Offline Connectedness Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:2147-2160. [PMID: 29076033 PMCID: PMC5920783 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examined patterns of connectedness among 774 sexually-active gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM), aged ≥ 16 years, recruited using respondent-driven sampling in Metro Vancouver. Latent class analysis examined patterns of connectedness including: attendance at gay venues/events (i.e., bars/clubs, community groups, pride parades), social time spent with GBM, use of online social and sex seeking apps/websites, and consumption of gay media. Multinomial regression identified correlates of class membership. A three-class LCA solution was specified: Class 1 "Socialites" (38.8%) were highly connected across all indicators. Class 2 "Traditionalists" (25.7%) were moderately connected, with little app/website-use. Class 3 "Techies" (35.4%) had high online connectedness and relatively lower in-person connectedness. In multivariable modelling, Socialites had higher collectivism than Traditionalists, who had higher collectivism than Techies. Socialites also had higher annual incomes than other classes. Techies were more likely than Traditionalists to report recent serodiscordant or unknown condomless anal sex and HIV risk management practices (e.g., ask their partner's HIV status, get tested for HIV). Traditionalists on the other hand were less likely to practice HIV risk management and had lower HIV/AIDS stigma scores than Socialites. Further, Traditionalists were older, more likely to be partnered, and reported fewer male sex partners than men in other groups. These findings highlight how patterns of connectedness relate to GBM's risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiffer G Card
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- C/O Faculty of Health Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Heather L Armstrong
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Zishan Cui
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julia Zhu
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric A Roth
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Robert S Hogg
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Chen YT, Bowles K, An Q, DiNenno E, Finlayson T, Hoots B, Paz-Bailey G, Wejnert C. Surveillance Among Men Who have Sex with Men in the United States: A Comparison of Web-Based and Venue-Based Samples. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:2104-2112. [PMID: 28667468 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited through web-based and venue-based sampling methods have been compared, no large web-based and venue-based samples using similar survey instruments have been examined in the U.S. This study describes the differences in sociodemographic characteristics and risk behaviors between the 2012 Web-based HIV Behavioral Survey (n = 3221) and 2011 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (n = 9256). Compared with participants in the venue-based sample, participants in the web-based sample were older, less likely to be black or Hispanic, more likely to have higher socioeconomic status, and more likely to have anal sex without a condom with their last male sex partner. Web-based participants were less likely to have multiple male sex partners, ever injected drugs, been tested for HIV in the past 12 months, and received free condoms than venue-based participants. The method for sampling MSM into a behavioral survey should consider the sub-population of MSM to be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Tyng Chen
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kristina Bowles
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qian An
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth DiNenno
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Teresa Finlayson
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brooke Hoots
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cyprian Wejnert
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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18
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Weiss KM, Jonas KJ, Guadamuz TE. Playing and Never Testing: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among App-Using MSM in Southeast Asia. Sex Transm Dis 2018; 44:406-411. [PMID: 28608790 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about mobile application (app)-based behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Thailand. A cross-sectional online assessment of app users in Bangkok found that more than a quarter have never tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 1 in 3 never tested for sexually transmitted infections (STI). STI testing patterns and HIV testing frequency were highly associated with each other in multinomial logistic regression. In the midst of an escalating epidemic where HIV incidence among MSM is highest in Asia, apps can serve to engage those least likely to be reached by traditional methods of recruitment and outreach in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Weiss
- From the *Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, †Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; ‡Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and §Department of Society and Health and the Center for Health Policy Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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19
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Wray TB, Chan PA, Celio MA, Pérez AE, Adia AC, Simpanen EM, Woods LA, Monti PM. HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Northeastern United States. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:531-537. [PMID: 29119471 PMCID: PMC5820154 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be at especially high risk for HIV in the United States. Past studies have shown that rates of HIV testing differ across a number of demographic and behavioral factors, and this research may be helpful for targeting efforts to increase testing among certain subgroups of MSM. In this study, MSM were recruited from several online sources to complete a questionnaire on HIV testing. Generalized ordered logit models suggested that the odds of having tested within the last 12 months were higher among racial/ethnic minority MSM, those with a college degree, and those who engaged in more recent HIV-risk behavior. The odds of having tested within the last 12 months were also higher among those who reported having sex with a partner they met online in the last 12 months. Conversely, the odds of having tested in the last 12 months were lower among those who reported drinking alcohol heavily, when compared with more moderate drinkers, highlighting yet another potential impact of alcohol on HIV outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Wray
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Philip A Chan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mark A Celio
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ashley E Pérez
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Alexander C Adia
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Erik M Simpanen
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Laura-Allison Woods
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Peter M Monti
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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20
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Shapiro GK, Tatar O, Sutton A, Fisher W, Naz A, Perez S, Rosberger Z. Correlates of Tinder Use and Risky Sexual Behaviors in Young Adults. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2017; 20:727-734. [PMID: 29211500 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tinder is a frequently used geosocial networking application that allows users to meet sexual partners in their geographical vicinity. Research examining Tinder use and its association with behavioral outcomes is scarce. The objectives of this study were to explore the correlates of Tinder use and risky sexual behaviors in young adults. Participants aged 18-26 were invited to complete an anonymous online questionnaire between January and May 2016. Measures included sociodemographic characteristics, Tinder use, health related behaviors, risky sexual behaviors, and sexual attitudes. Associations among these variables were estimated using multivariate logistic regressions. The final sample consisted of 415 participants (n = 166 Tinder users; n = 249 nonusers). Greater likelihood of using Tinder was associated with a higher level of education (OR = 2.18) and greater reported need for sex (OR = 1.64), while decreased likelihood of using Tinder was associated with a higher level of academic achievement (OR = 0.63), lower sexual permissiveness (OR = 0.58), living with parents or relatives (OR = 0.38), and being in a serious relationship (OR = 0.24). Higher odds of reporting nonconsensual sex (OR = 3.22) and having five or more previous sexual partners (OR = 2.81) were found in Tinder users. Tinder use was not significantly associated with condom use. This study describes significant correlates of using Tinder and highlights a relationship between Tinder use with nonconsensual sex and number of previous sexual partners. These findings have salience for aiding public health interventions to effectively design interventions targeted at reducing risky sexual behaviors online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilla K Shapiro
- 1 Department of Psychology, McGill University , Montreal, Canada .,2 Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ovidiu Tatar
- 2 Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Arielle Sutton
- 1 Department of Psychology, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - William Fisher
- 3 Department of Psychology, Western University , London, Canada
| | - Anila Naz
- 2 Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samara Perez
- 1 Department of Psychology, McGill University , Montreal, Canada .,2 Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zeev Rosberger
- 1 Department of Psychology, McGill University , Montreal, Canada .,2 Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada .,4 Louise Granofsky Psychosocial Oncology Program, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal, Canada .,5 Department of Psychiatry and Oncology, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
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21
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Pines HA, Karris MY, Little SJ. Sexual Partner Concurrency Among Partners Reported by MSM with Recent HIV Infection. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:3026-3034. [PMID: 28702851 PMCID: PMC5983362 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined concurrency among sexual partners reported by men who have sex with men (MSM) with recent (acute or early) HIV infection in San Diego, California (2002-2015). Partners overlapping in time in the past 3 months were considered concurrent. Logistic generalized linear mixed models were used to identify factors associated with concurrency at the partner-level. 56% (388/699) of partners were concurrent to ≥1 other partner. The odds of concurrency were higher among partners >10 years younger than the participant (vs. within 10 years of age) [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-4.52], longer term partners (AOR per month = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03), and partners met online (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI 0.98-2.48). Concurrency is common among partners of recently HIV-infected MSM. Tailored HIV prevention strategies for MSM with older partners, longer term partners, and partners met online may help minimize the potential impact of concurrency on HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Pines
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA.
| | - Maile Y Karris
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA
| | - Susan J Little
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA
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22
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Hubach RD, Currin JM, Sanders CA, Durham AR, Kavanaugh KE, Wheeler DL, Croff JM. Barriers to Access and Adoption of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in a Relatively Rural State. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2017; 29:315-329. [PMID: 28825858 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2017.29.4.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical intervention approaches, including antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), have been demonstrated to reduce HIV incidence among several at-risk populations and to be cost effective. However, there is limited understanding of PrEP access and uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) residing in relatively rural states. Twenty semistructured interviews were conducted (August-November 2016) to assess opinions of and perceived barriers to accessing and adopting PrEP among MSM residing in Oklahoma. Participants perceived substantial barriers to accessing PrEP including a stigmatizing environment and less access to quality, LGBT-sensitive medical care. Overall, geographic isolation limits access to health providers and resources that support sexual health for Oklahoma MSM. Addressing stigma situated across ecological levels in an effort to increase adoption of PrEP by MSM residing in rural states remains necessary. Without this, social determinants may continue to negatively influence PrEP adoption and sexual health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph D Hubach
- School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling, and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Joseph M Currin
- School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling, and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Carissa A Sanders
- School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling, and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - André R Durham
- School of Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Aviation, Oklahoma State University
| | - Katherine E Kavanaugh
- School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling, and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Denna L Wheeler
- Center for Rural Health, Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Julie M Croff
- School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling, and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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23
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Miranda J, Côté J. The Use of Intervention Mapping to Develop a Tailored Web-Based Intervention, Condom-HIM. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017; 3:e20. [PMID: 28428162 PMCID: PMC5415661 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.7052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) prevention interventions are currently being implemented and evaluated, with little information published on their development. A framework highlighting the method of development of an intervention can be used by others wanting to replicate interventions or develop similar interventions to suit other contexts and settings. It provides researchers with a comprehensive development process of the intervention. Objective The objective of this paper was to describe how a systematic approach, intervention mapping, was used to develop a tailored Web-based intervention to increase condom use among HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Methods The intervention was developed in consultation with a multidisciplinary team composed of academic researchers, community members, Web designers, and the target population. Intervention mapping involved a systematic process of 6 steps: (1) needs assessment; (2) identification of proximal intervention objectives; (3) selection of theory-based intervention methods and practical strategies; (4) development of intervention components and materials; (5) adoption, implementation, and maintenance; and (6) evaluation planning. Results The application of intervention mapping resulted in the development of a tailored Web-based intervention for HIV-positive men who have sex with men, called Condom-HIM. Conclusions Using intervention mapping as a systematic process to develop interventions is a feasible approach that specifically integrates the use of theory and empirical findings. Outlining the process used to develop a particular intervention provides clarification on the conceptual use of experimental interventions in addition to potentially identifying reasons for intervention failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyal Miranda
- Faculty of Community ServicesDaphne Cockwell School of NursingRyerson UniversityToronto, ONCanada
| | - José Côté
- Faculté des sciences infirmièresUniversité de MontréalMontreal, ONCanada
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24
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Siegel K, Lekas HM, Onaga M, Verni R, Gunn H. The Strategies of Heterosexuals from Large Metropolitan Areas for Assessing the Risks of Exposure to HIV or Other Sexually Transmitted Infections from Partners Met Online. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2017; 31:182-195. [PMID: 28338338 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2016.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterosexuals' use of the Internet for meeting romantic or sexual partners is rapidly increasing, raising concerns about the Internet's potential to facilitate encounters that place individuals at risk for acquiring HIV or other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). For example, online sharing of personal information and self-revelations can foster virtual intimacy, promoting a false sense of familiarity that might accelerate progression to unprotected sex. Therefore, it is critical to understand how those who meet sexual partners online attempt to assess the possible risk of acquiring HIV or STIs posed by having unprotected sex with a new partner and decide whether to use a condom. To investigate this issue, in-depth interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of heterosexual male and female participants from large metropolitan cities who had had unprotected vaginal or anal sex with at least two partners met online in the past 3 months. With few exceptions, participants relied on faulty strategies and heuristics to estimate these risks; yet, most engaged in unprotected sex at their first meeting or very soon afterward. While some seemed to try to make a genuine effort to arrive at a reliable assessment of the HIV risk posed, most appeared to be looking for a way to justify their desire and intention to have unprotected sex. The findings suggest the need for more HIV and sexual health education targeted at heterosexuals, especially for those who go online to meet partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolynn Siegel
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Helen-Maria Lekas
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Marie Onaga
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Rachel Verni
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Hamish Gunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
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25
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Qu L, Wang W, Gao Y, Yang J, Dai J, Wang D, Tao B. A Cross-sectional Survey of HIV Transmission and Behavior among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Different Areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1161. [PMID: 27846873 PMCID: PMC5111207 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little research has been conducted on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and the sexual intercourse habits of men who have sex with men (MSM) in crowded places, both locally and abroad. This study conducted a survey of MSM in different locales of Inner Mongolia to provide a reference for developing strategies or measures to prevent and control HIV among this understudied population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of men aged 18 years and older at different venues popular among MSM in Inner Mongolia. Between April and July 2012, MSM volunteered to participate in this study, receive HIV/syphilis testing, and complete a questionnaire about their behavior. A total of 1611 MSM participated. Participants signed a voluntary informed consent form, completed an anonymous questionnaire and were tested for HIV and syphilis antibodies. Results Of the 1611 MSM surveyed, 6.83 and 23.65 % had HIV and syphilis, respectively, and the co-infection rate was 3.17 %. Sociodemographic factors such as age, culture, marital status, knowledge of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) transmission, and peer education significantly differed between venues (P < 0.01). MSM who were under 22 years, 23–35 years, and over 36 years primarily contacted their potential partners online, at bars/other (streetwalkers), and at public baths/parks, respectively. MSM partners found in bars, in public baths, in parks and online were primarily high school students and technical secondary school students. MSM who were streetwalkers or cross-dressing male sex workers primarily had junior middle school education levels or below. Married MSM primarily had intercourse in public baths and parks, and MSM who had intercourse in public baths and parks also reported the greatest proportions of intercourse with women (39.1 and 35.0 %, respectively). Furthermore, MSM who had intercourse in parks reported having the most anal sex with same-sex partners and unprotected intercourse in the past 6 months. Unprotected intercourse with women in the past 6 months was also common among MSM who met partners in bathhouses or online. MSM were most likely to have anal sex with other men in public baths. MSM who had intercourse in bars were the least likely to have used a condom with female partners in the past 6 months. The culture of the MSM who had frequent intercourse with streetwalkers and cross-dressing male sex workers did not predict behavior. Conclusion This study indicated that AIDS-related risky behaviors as well as HIV and syphilis infection were associated with the different locations frequented by MSM. When developing intervention strategies for AIDS, it is better to conduct targeted health education and behavioral interventions at bars/online for MSM aged 23–35 years and at public baths/parks for MSM over 36 years. Additionally, the current survey showed that information on AIDS/sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) must be popularized to reach streetwalkers and cross-dressing male sex workers, whose mobility limits their attainment of higher levels of health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Gao
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijiang Dai
- Baotou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, 014030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Hohhot Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tao
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010031, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. .,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 50 Erdos Street, Yuquan District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
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Schonnesson LN, Bowen AM, Williams ML. Project SMART: Preliminary Results From a Test of the Efficacy of a Swedish Internet-Based HIV Risk-Reduction Intervention for Men Who Have Sex With Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:1501-1511. [PMID: 26545912 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Sweden, 57 % of HIV transmission occurs among MSM, and other sexually transmitted infections are increasing, supporting the need for innovative interventions. The Internet is a potentially useful HIV-prevention platform, but there is a lack of such programs in Sweden. The purpose of this exploratory study was to test the efficacy of the Internet-based SMART intervention to decrease HIV sexual risks in Swedish MSM. The intervention was adapted from the Wyoming Rural AIDS Prevention Project to the Swedish context, which was guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) skills model and consisted of six sessions. A total of 112 men responded to a pretest questionnaire and were randomly assigned to the SMART intervention or to a waitlist group. Fifty-four men dropped out, leaving a final sample of 58 participants. Twenty-five were assigned to the SMART intervention and 33 to a waitlist group. One month post intervention, the number of casual anal sex partners significantly decreased (t = 2.19, p = .04). Compared with the waitlist group, men in the intervention group increased their HIV knowledge (β = 0.70, p = .01), their belief of condom use as an act of responsibility (β = 1.19, p = .04), their willingness to use a condom with every new partner all the time (β = 1.39, p = .03), and their confidence in using condoms in challenging situations (β = 1.65, p = .02). Condom use was not analyzed due to the small sample size. Despite the small sample, high drop-out, and short follow-up, the study provides support for the efficacy of the Internet interventions, the SMART intervention specifically, for reducing the proportion of casual anal sex partners and improving the three cognitive components of the IMB model for Swedish MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Nilsson Schonnesson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Södersjukhuset AB, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anne M Bowen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mark L Williams
- Health Policy and Management, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Ybarra ML, Mitchell KJ. A National Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual (LGB), and Non-LGB Youth Sexual Behavior Online and In-Person. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:1357-72. [PMID: 25894645 PMCID: PMC4609578 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Online and in-person sexual behaviors of cisgender lesbian, gay, queer, bisexual, heterosexual, questioning, unsure, and youth of other sexual identities were examined using data from the Teen Health and Technology study. Data were collected online between August 2010 and January 2011 from 5,078 youth 13-18 years old. Results suggested that, depending on sexual identity, between 4-35 % of youth had sexual conversations and 2-24 % shared sexual photos with someone online in the past year. Among the 22 % of youth who had oral, vaginal, and/or anal sex, between 5-30 % met one of their two most recent sexual partners online. Inconsistent condom use was associated with increased odds of meeting one's most recent partner online for heterosexual adolescent men. For gay and queer adolescent men, having an older partner, a partner with a lifetime history of sexually transmitted infections (STI), and concurrent sex partners were each significantly associated with increased odds of having met one's most recent sex partner online. None of the examined characteristics significantly predicted meeting one's most recent sexual partner online versus in-person for heterosexual; bisexual; or gay, lesbian, and queer women. The Internet is not replacing in-person exploration and expression of one's sexuality and meeting sexual partners online appears to be uncommon in adolescence across sexual identities. Healthy sexuality programming that acknowledges some youth are meeting partners online is warranted, but this should not be a main focal point. Instead, inclusive STI prevention programming that provides skills to reduce risk when engaging in all types of sex is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Ybarra
- Center for Innovative Public Health Research, 555 El Camino Real #A347, San Clemente, CA, 92672, USA.
| | - Kimberly J Mitchell
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
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Sex Partner Meeting Places Over Time Among Newly HIV-Diagnosed Men Who Have Sex With Men in Baltimore, Maryland. Sex Transm Dis 2016; 42:549-53. [PMID: 26372926 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex partner meeting places may be important locales to access men who have sex with men (MSM) and implement targeted HIV control strategies. These locales may change over time, but temporal evaluations have not been performed. METHODS The objectives of this study were to describe the frequency of report of MSM sex partner meeting places over time and to compare frequently reported meeting places in the past 5 years and past year among newly HIV-diagnosed MSM in Baltimore City, Maryland. Public health HIV surveillance data including partner services information were obtained for this study from the Baltimore City Health Department from May 2009 to June 2014. RESULTS A total of 869 sex partner meeting places were reported, including 306 unique places. Bars/clubs (31%) and Internet-based sites (38%) were the most frequently reported meeting place types. Over the 5-year period, the percentage of bars/clubs decreased over time and the percentage of Internet-based sites increased over time. Among bars/clubs, 4 of 5 of those most frequently reported in the past 5 years were also most frequently reported in the most recent year. Among Internet-based sites, 3 of 5 of those most frequently reported in the past 5 years were also in the top 5 most frequently reported in the past year. CONCLUSION This study provides a richer understanding of sex partner meeting places reported by MSM over time and information to health departments on types of places to access a population at high risk for HIV transmission.
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Argüello TM. Fetishizing the health sciences: Queer theory as an intervention. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN SOCIAL SERVICES 2016; 28:231-244. [PMID: 27570436 PMCID: PMC4996280 DOI: 10.1080/10538720.2016.1191407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Queer theory often falls impotent in its palatability across disciplinary lines. I offer a conceptual paper that interrogates the disease and divide when considering queer theory in and for the health sciences. In so doing, I look to foster a process of making queer theory more tenable to applied practice - and to make practice in social work, at least, more queer. The exemplar of HIV is deconstructed as a preeminent discourse and health disparity. In the end, it is argued that queer theory may be an essential intervention in the arsenal of the helping professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Argüello
- California State University, Sacramento, Mariposa 5045, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, California 95816, 206.353.8607 (mobile/office)
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Vaughan AS, Kramer MR, Cooper HL, Rosenberg ES, Sullivan PS. Completeness and Reliability of Location Data Collected on the Web: Assessing the Quality of Self-Reported Locations in an Internet Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e142. [PMID: 27283957 PMCID: PMC4919549 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Place is critical to our understanding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. However, within the scientific literature, place is almost always represented by residential location, suggesting a fundamental assumption of equivalency between neighborhood of residence, place of risk, and place of prevention. However, the locations of behaviors among MSM show significant spatial variation, and theory has posited the importance of nonresidential contextual exposures. This focus on residential locations has been at least partially necessitated by the difficulties in collecting detailed geolocated data required to explore nonresidential locations. OBJECTIVE Using a Web-based map tool to collect locations, which may be relevant to the daily lives and health behaviors of MSM, this study examines the completeness and reliability of the collected data. METHODS MSM were recruited on the Web and completed a Web-based survey. Within this survey, men used a map tool embedded within a question to indicate their homes and multiple nonresidential locations, including those representing work, sex, socialization, physician, and others. We assessed data quality by examining data completeness and reliability. We used logistic regression to identify demographic, contextual, and location-specific predictors of answering all eligible map questions and answering specific map questions. We assessed data reliability by comparing selected locations with other participant-reported data. RESULTS Of 247 men completing the survey, 167 (67.6%) answered the entire set of eligible map questions. Most participants (>80%) answered specific map questions, with sex locations being the least reported (80.6%). Participants with no college education were less likely than those with a college education to answer all map questions (prevalence ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.8). Participants who reported sex at their partner's home were less likely to indicate the location of that sex (prevalence ratio, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-1.0). Overall, 83% of participants placed their home's location within the boundaries of their reported residential ZIP code. Of locations having a specific text description, the median distance between the participant-selected location and the location determined using the specific text description was 0.29 miles (25th and 75th percentiles, 0.06-0.88). CONCLUSIONS Using this Web-based map tool, this Web-based sample of MSM was generally willing and able to provide accurate data regarding both home and nonresidential locations. This tool provides a mechanism to collect data that can be used in more nuanced studies of place and sexual risk and preventive behaviors of MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Vaughan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Newcomb ME, Mustanski B. Developmental Change in the Effects of Sexual Partner and Relationship Characteristics on Sexual Risk Behavior in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS Behav 2016; 20:1284-94. [PMID: 25861731 PMCID: PMC4600632 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Young men who have sex with men are substantially impacted by HIV/AIDS, and most new infections occur in serious romantic dyads. Young people experience substantial psychosocial and neurocognitive change between adolescence and emerging adulthood which impacts engagement in risk behaviors. We aimed to examine developmental change in the association between sexual partnership characteristics and condomless anal intercourse (CAI). Data were taken from an analytic sample of 114 young adult MSM from a longitudinal study of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth with 4-year follow-up. Rates of CAI were approximately 12 times higher in serious compared to casual partnerships, but this effect diminished in size over time. Partner age differences and violence were associated with more CAI, and these associations strengthened across development. Characteristics of serious relationships (e.g., power dynamics) were also examined. We discuss the need for HIV prevention strategies that address dyadic influences on CAI during this critical developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Newcomb
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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McKie RM, Milhausen RR, Lachowsky NJ. "Hedge Your Bets": Technology's Role in Young Gay Men's Relationship Challenges. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2016; 64:75-94. [PMID: 27042757 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1172883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Technology is playing an increasingly pervasive role among young gay men in the process of meeting potential romantic or sexual partners. We investigated challenges posed by technology related to young gay men's relationships. Focus groups (n = 9) of young gay men aged 18-24 (n = 43) were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was used to identify two major themes regarding challenges to relationship development and maintenance. Subthemes include unrealistic expectations of relationships, inauthentic self-presentation online, sexual primacy over romance, increased opportunities for infidelity, and jealousy. The implications of this study for sexual education and sexual health promotion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond M McKie
- a Department of Psychology , Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo , Canada
| | - Robin R Milhausen
- b Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition , University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- c Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada; Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Goldenberg T, Vansia D, Stephenson R. Intragroup Stigma Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Data Extraction from Craigslist Ads in 11 Cities in the United States. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2016; 2:e4. [PMID: 27227158 PMCID: PMC4869222 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) regularly experience homophobic discrimination and stigma. While previous research has examined homophobic and HIV-related intergroup stigma originating from non-MSM directed at MSM, less is known about intragroup stigma originating from within MSM communities. While some research has examined intragroup stigma, this research has focused mostly on HIV-related stigma. Intragroup stigma may have a unique influence on sexual risk-taking behaviors as it occurs between sexual partners. Online sexual networking venues provide a unique opportunity to examine this type of stigma. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the presence and patterns of various types of intragroup stigma represented in Men Seeking Men Craigslist sex ads. Methods Data were collected from ads on Craigslist sites from 11 of the 12 US metropolitan statistical areas with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence. Two categories of data were collected: self-reported characteristics of the authors and reported biases in the ads. Chi-square tests were used to examine patterns of biases across cities and author characteristics. Results Biases were rarely reported in the ads. The most commonly reported biases were against men who were not “disease and drug free (DDF),” representing stigma against men living with HIV or a sexually transmitted infection. Patterns in bias reporting occurred across cities and author characteristics. There were no variations based on race, but ageism (mostly against older men) varied based on the ad author’s age and self-reported DDF status; bias against feminine gender expression varied based on self-reported sexual orientation; bias against “fat” men varied by self-reported DDF status; bias against “ugly” men varied by a self-report of being good-looking; and bias against people who do not have a DDF status varied based on self-reported HIV status and self-reported DDF status. Conclusions Despite an overall low reporting of biases in ads, these findings suggest that there is a need to address intragroup stigma within MSM communities. The representation of biases and intragroup stigma on Craigslist may result from internalized stigma among MSM while also perpetuating further internalization of stigma for men who read the sex ads. Understanding patterns in the perpetuation of intragroup stigma can help to better target messages aimed at making cultural and behavioral shifts in the perpetration of intragroup stigma within MSM communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Goldenberg
- School of Nursing Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences and the Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI United States
| | - Dhrutika Vansia
- Rollins School of Public Health Hubert Department of Global Health Emory University Atlanta, GA United States
| | - Rob Stephenson
- School of Nursing Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences and the Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI United States
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Lorimer K, Flowers P, Davis M, Frankis J. Young men who have sex with men's use of social and sexual media and sex-risk associations: cross-sectional, online survey across four countries. Sex Transm Infect 2016; 92:371-6. [PMID: 26792089 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been an increase in new HIV diagnoses among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) over the past decade in both UK and US contexts, with online sex-seeking implicated in driving this development. This study sought to examine YMSM's use of a variety of social and sexual networking websites and 'apps', and assess sexual risk behaviours. DESIGN YMSM were recruited from across four countries in Britain and Ireland, via an online survey using convenience sampling. Data were collected from 2668 men, of whom 702 were aged 18-25 years. RESULTS Facebook use was almost ubiquitous and for largely social reasons; sexual media use was common with 52% using gay sexual networking (GSN) websites frequently and 44% using similar apps frequently. We found increased odds of high-risk condomless anal intercourse associated with the length of time users had been using GSN websites and lower levels of education. We found no significant differences across the four countries in sexual risk behaviours. CONCLUSIONS YMSM are a heterogeneous population with varied sexual health needs. For young men with digital literacy, individual-level online interventions, targeted and tailored, could be directed towards frequent users with lower levels of education. Variation in demographic characteristics of GSN websites and app users may affect who interventions are likely to reach, depending on where they are targeted. However, interventions, which may catch young men earlier, also provide a major opportunity for reducing sexual health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lorimer
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Flowers
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Davis
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Frankis
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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Gasch Gallén À, Tomás Aznar C, Rubio Aranda E. [Type of partner, socio-economic factors and risk practices in men who have sex with men]. GACETA SANITARIA 2015; 29:412-8. [PMID: 26272442 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Men who have sex with men (MSM) perform risk practices that pose a challenge to prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between receptive and insertive unprotected anal intercourse (RUAI and IUAI) according to the type of partner and the practice of barebacking with socioeconomic factors. METHODS A descriptive study was conducted through a self-administered questionnaire distributed by a software tool in social networks and non-governmental organizations from June-2014 to January-2015. Participants consisted of 601 people living in Spain. Pearson's χ(2) test and logistic regression models were applied with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS In stable couples, the risk of RUAI increased in individuals with a medium income (OR: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.14-2.80) and in those who lived together (OR: 2.94; 95%CI: 1.74-4.98) and IUAI increased in individuals living with a partner (OR: 5.58; 95%IC: 3.24-9.59). When the partner was a friend, the risk of RUAI was higher among individuals with secondary education (OR: 2.20; 95%CI: 1.44-3.36) and those who were retired (OR: 3.6; 95%CI: 1.25-10.37), while living with a partner was a protective factor (OR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.32-0.98). The risk of barebacking was greater in younger men (OR: 2.59; 95%CI: 1.27-5.28), in those with secondary education (OR: 1.51; 95%CI: 0.99-2.29) and in those living with a partner (OR: 3.64; 95%CI: 2.12-6.24). DISCUSSION There is a need to reduce vulnerability due to socioeconomic factors that influence engagement in risk practices and to highlight the importance of barebacking, mainly in young MSM. Partner-based interventions and harm reduction strategies should be incorporated into preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngel Gasch Gallén
- Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España.
| | - Concepción Tomás Aznar
- Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - Encarnación Rubio Aranda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
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Sun CJ, Reboussin B, Mann L, Garcia M, Rhodes SD. The HIV Risk Profiles of Latino Sexual Minorities and Transgender Persons Who Use Websites or Apps Designed for Social and Sexual Networking. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2015; 43:86-93. [PMID: 26272786 DOI: 10.1177/1090198115596735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of websites and GPS-based mobile applications ("apps") designed for social and sexual networking has been associated with increased HIV risk; however, little is known about Latino sexual minorities' and transgender persons' use of these websites and apps and the risk profiles of those who use them compared with those who do not. Data from 167 participants who completed the baseline survey of a community-level HIV prevention intervention, which harnesses the social networks of Latino sexual minorities and transgender persons, were analyzed. One quarter of participants (28.74%, n = 48) reported using websites or apps designed for social and sexual networking, and 119 (71.26%) reported not using websites or apps designed for social and sexual networking. Those who used websites or apps were younger and reported more male sex partners, a sexually transmitted disease diagnosis, and illicit drug use other than marijuana. HIV prevention interventions for those who use websites or apps should consider addressing these risks for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilli Mann
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Manuel Garcia
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Ramallo J, Kidder T, Albritton T, Blick G, Pachankis J, Grandelski V, Kershaw T. Exploring Social Networking Technologies as Tools for HIV Prevention for Men Who Have Sex With Men. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2015; 27:298-311. [PMID: 26241381 PMCID: PMC5486219 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2015.27.4.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Social networking technologies are influential among men who have sex with men (MSM) and may be an important strategy for HIV prevention. We conducted focus groups with HIV positive and negative participants. Almost all participants used social networking sites to meet new friends and sexual partners. The main obstacle to effective HIV prevention campaigns in social networking platforms was stigmatization based on homosexuality as well as HIV status. Persistent stigma associated with HIV status and disclosure was cited as a top reason for avoiding HIV-related conversations while meeting new partners using social technologies. Further, social networking sites have different social etiquettes and rules that may increase HIV risk by discouraging HIV status disclosure. Overall, successful interventions for MSM using social networking technologies must consider aspects of privacy, stigma, and social norms in order to enact HIV reduction among MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ramallo
- Department of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago
| | | | - Tashuna Albritton
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gary Blick
- World Health Clinicians, Norwalk, Connecticut
| | - John Pachankis
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Trace Kershaw
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Broaddus MR, DiFranceisco WJ, Kelly JA, St. Lawrence JS, Amirkhanian YA, Dickson-Gomez JD. Social Media Use and High-Risk Sexual Behavior Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Three-City Study. AIDS Behav 2015; 19 Suppl 2:90-7. [PMID: 25566762 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Black men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency (HIV) incidence in the United States. Little research has focused on the associations between social media use and sexual behavior among Black MSM. 205 Black MSM completed measures assessing social media use and sexual behaviors. Men spent an average of 34 h per week on social media sites. 53 % arranged sexual hookups online in the previous 3 months, and did so a mean of 10 times. Overall, users of social media and men who arranged sexual hookups online engaged in more risky behaviors than non-users and men who did not arrange sexual hookups online. However, partner-level data indicated that men engaged in fewer risky behaviors with partners met online compared to partners met in other ways such as at bars or through friends. Social media-based interventions designed to decrease HIV transmission among racial minority MSM are needed.
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Stahlman S, Grosso A, Ketende S, Mothopeng T, Taruberekera N, Nkonyana J, Mabuza X, Sithole B, Mnisi Z, Baral S. Characteristics of men who have sex with men in southern Africa who seek sex online: a cross-sectional study. J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e129. [PMID: 26006788 PMCID: PMC4468572 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Use of the Internet for finding sexual partners is increasing, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). In particular, MSM who seek sex online are an important group to target for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) interventions because they tend to have elevated levels of sexual risk behavior and because the Internet itself may serve as a promising intervention delivery mechanism. However, few studies have examined the correlates of online sexual partner seeking among MSM in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective These analyses aim to describe the prevalence of using the Internet to find new male sexual partners among MSM in two southern African countries. In addition, these analyses examine the sociodemographic characteristics, experiences of discrimination and stigma, mental health and substance use characteristics, and HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among MSM associated with meeting sex partners online. Methods MSM were enrolled into a cross-sectional study across two sites in Lesotho (N=530), and one in Swaziland (N=322) using respondent-driven sampling. Participants completed a survey and HIV testing. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models to determine which factors were associated with using the Internet to meet sex partners among MSM. Results The prevalence of online sex-seeking was high, with 39.4% (209/530) of MSM in Lesotho and 43.8% (141/322) of MSM in Swaziland reporting meeting a new male sexual partner online. In the multivariable analysis, younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-0.50 per 5 years in Lesotho; aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.93 in Swaziland), having more than a high school education (aOR 18.2, 95% CI 7.09-46.62 in Lesotho; aOR 4.23, 95% CI 2.07-8.63 in Swaziland), feeling scared to walk around in public places (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.00-3.56 in Lesotho; aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.23-3.46 in Swaziland), and higher numbers of male anal sex partners within the past 12 months (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.01-1.59 per 5 partners in Lesotho; aOR 2.98, 95% CI 1.51-5.89 in Swaziland) were significantly associated with meeting sex partners online in both countries. Additional country-specific associations included increasing knowledge about HIV transmission, feeling afraid to seek health care services, thinking that family members gossiped, and having a prevalent HIV infection among MSM in Lesotho. Conclusions Overall, a high proportion of MSM in Lesotho and Swaziland reported meeting male sex partners online, as in other parts of the world. The information in this study can be used to tailor interventions or to suggest modes of delivery of HIV prevention messaging to these MSM, who represent a young and highly stigmatized group. These data suggest that further research assessing the feasibility and acceptability of online interventions will be increasingly critical to addressing the HIV epidemic among MSM across sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna Stahlman
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Evaluating the Internet as a sexually transmitted disease risk environment for teens: findings from the communication, health, and teens study. Sex Transm Dis 2015; 40:528-33. [PMID: 23965765 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e31829413f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the association between sexual health risks and online sex-seeking among teenagers. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between meeting sex partners online and a range of sexual risk behaviors and outcomes among adolescents. METHODS Participants aged 13 to 19 years were recruited from a publicly funded teen clinic in Florida. After obtaining informed consent/assent, 273 participants completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview that included questions on demographics, sexual behavior, sexually transmitted disease (STD) history, and online sex-seeking behaviors and experiences. Participants also provided urine samples for chlamydia and gonorrhea testing. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to identify the association between having an online sex partner and sexual behaviors/outcomes. RESULTS After adjusting for significant bivariate correlates, teens reporting online sex partners were more likely to be male, be multiracial, have a history of same-sex sexual activity, report a higher number of vaginal sex partners, and report a lower age at first vaginal sex. However, teens with online sex partners were no more likely to have ever had an STD or a current biological STD. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to correlate biological STD results to online sexual partnering data in a youth population. Although meeting a sex partner online was not associated with past or current STDs, it was associated with other sexual risk behaviors. Future research is needed to examine the complex nature of online sexual partnering among adolescents and to develop intervention approaches.
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Sanchez TH, Sineath RC, Kahle EM, Tregear SJ, Sullivan PS. The Annual American Men's Internet Survey of Behaviors of Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: Protocol and Key Indicators Report 2013. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2015; 1:e3. [PMID: 27227126 PMCID: PMC4869242 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and there is evidence that this population is participating in increasingly risky sexual behavior. These changes are occurring in the context of new modes of online social interaction—many MSM now report first meeting their sex partners on the Internet. Better monitoring of key behavioral indicators among MSM requires the use of surveillance strategies that capitalize on these new modes of interaction. Therefore, we developed an annual cross-sectional behavioral survey of MSM in the United States, the American Men's Internet Survey (AMIS). Objective The purpose of this paper was to provide a description of AMIS methods. In addition we report on the first cycle of data collection (December 2013 through May 2014; AMIS-2013) on the same key indicators used for national HIV behavioral surveillance. Methods AMIS-2013 recruited MSM from a variety of websites using banner advertisements or email blasts. Adult men currently residing in the United States were eligible to participate if they had ever had sex with a man. We examined demographic and recruitment characteristics using multivariable regression modeling (P<.05) stratified by the participants' self-reported HIV status. Results In the AMIS-2013 round, 79,635 persons landed on the study page and 14,899 were eligible, resulting in 10,377 completed surveys from MSM representing every US state. Participants were mainly white, 40 years or older, living in the US South, living in urban areas, and recruited from a general social networking website. Self-reported HIV prevalence was 10.73% (n=1113). Compared to HIV-negative/unknown status participants, HIV-positive participants were more likely to have had anal sex without a condom with any male partner in the past 12 months (72.24% versus 61.24%, respectively; P<.001) and more likely to have had anal sex without a condom with their last male sex partner who was discordant/unknown HIV status (42.95% versus 13.62%, respectively; P<.001). Illicit substance use in the past 12 months was more likely to be reported by HIV-positive participants than HIV-negative/unknown status participants (39.17% versus 26.85%, respectively; P<.001). The vast majority of HIV-negative/unknown status participants (84.05%) had been previously HIV tested, but less than half (44.20%) had been tested in the past 12 months. Participants 18-24 years of age were more likely than those 40 years or older to have had anal sex without a condom with a discordant/unknown HIV status partner, were more likely to report substance use, and were less likely to have been HIV tested. Compared to general social networking, those from a geospatial social networking website were more likely to have reported all risk behaviors but were more likely to have been HIV tested. Conclusions The first round of AMIS generated useful behavioral measures from more than 10,000 MSM Internet users. Preliminary findings identified some subgroups of MSM Internet users that are at potentially higher risk of HIV acquisition/transmission. AMIS will provide an ongoing data source for examining trends in sexual risk behavior of MSM. This will help to plan and monitor the impact of programs to improve this population's health.
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Rice E, Winetrobe H, Holloway IW, Montoya J, Plant A, Kordic T. Cell phone internet access, online sexual solicitation, partner seeking, and sexual risk behavior among adolescents. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:755-763. [PMID: 25344027 PMCID: PMC4359080 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Online partner seeking is associated with sexual risk behavior among young adults (specifically men who have sex with men), but this association has yet to be explored among a probability sample of adolescents. Moreover, cell phone internet access and sexual risk taking online and offline have not been explored. A probability sample (N = 1,831) of Los Angeles Unified School District high school students was collected in 2011. Logistic regression models assessed relationships between specific sexual risk behaviors (online sexual solicitation, seeking partners online, sex with internet-met partners, condom use) and frequency of internet use, internet access points, and demographics. Students with cell phone internet access were more likely to report being solicited online for sex, being sexually active, and having sex with an internet-met partner. Bisexual-identifying students reported higher rates of being approached online for sex, being sexually active, and not using condoms at last sex. Gay, lesbian, and questioning (GLQ) students were more likely to report online partner seeking and unprotected sex at last sex with an internet-met partner. Additionally, having sex with an internet-met partner was associated with being male, online sexual solicitation, and online partner seeking. Internet- and school-based sexual health programs should incorporate safety messages regarding online sexual solicitation, seeking sex partners online, and engaging in safer sex practices with all partners. Programs must target adolescents of all sexual identities, as adolescents may not yet be "out," and bisexual and GLQ adolescents are more likely to engage in risky sex behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rice
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 1150 S. Olive St., 14 Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90015;
| | - Hailey Winetrobe
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 1150 S. Olive St., 14 Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90015;
| | - Ian W. Holloway
- Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Sun CJ, Stowers J, Miller C, Bachmann LH, Rhodes SD. Acceptability and feasibility of using established geosocial and sexual networking mobile applications to promote HIV and STD testing among men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav 2015; 19:543-52. [PMID: 25381563 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first published multi-app study, of which we are aware, to evaluate both the acceptability and feasibility of providing sexual health information and HIV/STD testing referrals via established geosocial and sexual networking apps for MSM. Data were collected using an online survey and through four apps (A4A Radar, Grindr, Jack'd, and Scruff). Two-thirds (64 %) found apps to be an acceptable source for sexual health information. MSM who found apps as acceptable were more likely non-white, not sure of their current HIV status, and have low HIV testing self-efficacy. One-quarter (26 %) of informational chats with the health educator resulted in users requesting and being referred to local HIV/STD testing sites. There were significant differences in the number and types of interactions across apps. Established apps designed for MSM may be both an acceptable and feasible platform to promote HIV/STD testing. Future research should evaluate interventions that leverage this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Sun
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA,
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Brown MJ, Pugsley R, Cohen SA. Meeting sex partners through the Internet, risky sexual behavior, and HIV testing among sexually transmitted infections clinic patients. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:509-519. [PMID: 25567074 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Internet has now become a popular venue to meet sex partners. People who use the Internet to meet sex partners may be at a higher risk for contracting HIV and STIs. This study examined the association between meeting sex partners from the Internet, and HIV testing, STI history, and risky sexual behavior. Data were obtained from the Virginia Department of Health STD Surveillance Network. Logistic regression models were used to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratios, and 95 % confidence intervals for the associations between meeting sex partners through the Internet and ever tested for HIV, HIV testing in the past 12 months, STI history, and risky sexual behavior. Logistic regression was also used to determine if gender and men who have sex with men interaction terms significantly improved the model. Women who met a sex partner from the Internet were more likely to have had an HIV test in the past 12 months than women who did not meet a partner in this way. On the other hand, men who met a sex partner through the Internet were more likely to have ever had an HIV test than other men, but this was only seen for heterosexual men. All populations who met a sex partner from the Internet were more likely to take part in risky sexual behavior. HIV prevention strategies should emphasize annual testing for all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J Brown
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main St., 8th Floor, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA,
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Usher D, Frye V, Shinnick J, Greene E, Baez E, Benitez J, Solomon L, Shouse RL, Sobieszczyk ME, Koblin BA. Recruitment by a geospatial networking application for research and practice: the New York City experience. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 67:e143-5. [PMID: 25247432 PMCID: PMC4229397 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DaShawn Usher
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Victoria Frye
- Laboratory of Social and Behavioral Science, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Julianna Shinnick
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Emily Greene
- Laboratory of Social and Behavioral Science, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Eduardo Baez
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Jorge Benitez
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - R. Luke Shouse
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | - Beryl A. Koblin
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
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Curtis BL. Social networking and online recruiting for HIV research: ethical challenges. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2014; 9:58-70. [PMID: 24572084 DOI: 10.1525/jer.2014.9.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Social networking sites and online advertising organizations provide HIV/AIDS researchers access to target populations, often reaching difficult-to-reach populations. However, this benefit to researchers raises many issues for the protections of prospective research participants. Traditional recruitment procedures have involved straightforward transactions between the researchers and prospective participants; online recruitment is a more complex and indirect form of communication involving many parties engaged in the collecting, aggregating, and storing of research participant data. Thus, increased access to online data has challenged the adequacy of current and established procedures for participants' protections, such as informed consent and privacy/confidentiality. Internet-based HIV/AIDS research recruitment and its ethical challenges are described, and research participant safeguards and best practices are outlined.
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Shilo G, Mor Z. The impact of minority stressors on the mental and physical health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths and young adults. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2014; 39:161-171. [PMID: 25095629 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlu023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Research relating to minority stressors generally explores mental health outcomes, with limited focus on the physical dimension. In addition, minority stress research is conducted mainly in Christian-oriented societies. To address these pitfalls we used Web sampling targeting Israeli participants ages 12 to 30 (N = 952; 28 percent heterosexuals, 78 percent lesbian, gay, and bisexual [LGB] adolescents and young adults) to assess their mental health, physical and sexual risk behaviors, minority stressors, and coping resources. Results indicate that young LGBs had lower levels of mental and physical health than heterosexuals. Among LGB participants, high levels of minority stressors and low levels of coping resources predicted lower levels of mental health, and lower levels of mental health predicted lower levels of physical health. These results emphasize that minority stressors should be recognized as risk factors for poorer mental health, as well as for physical and sexual risk behaviors.
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Grov C, Rendina HJ, Parsons JT. Comparing three cohorts of MSM sampled via sex parties, bars/clubs, and Craigslist.org: implications for researchers and providers. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2014; 26:362-82. [PMID: 25068182 PMCID: PMC4116634 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2014.26.4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With limited exceptions, few studies have systematically reported on psychosocial and demographic characteristic differences in samples of men who have sex with men (MSM) based on where they were recruited. This study compared three sexually active cohorts of MSM recruited via Craigslist.org (recruited via modified time-space sampling), gay bars and clubs (recruited via time-space sampling), and private sex parties (identified via passive recruitment and listserves), finding mixed results with regard to differences in demographic characteristics, STI history, and psychosocial measures. Men recruited from sex parties were significantly older, reported more symptoms of sexual compulsivity, more likely to be HIV-positive, more likely to report a history of STIs, and more likely to self-identify as a barebacker, than men recruited from the other two venues. In contrast, men from Craigslist.org reported the lowest levels of attachment to the gay and bisexual community and were the least likely to self-identify as gay. Men from bars and clubs were significantly younger, and were more likely to report use of hallucinogens and crack or cocaine. Our findings highlight that the venues in which MSM are recruited have meaningful consequences in terms of the types of individuals who are reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grov
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York (CUNY). 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY. 11210
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, The Graduate Center of CUNY
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST)
| | - H. Jonathon Rendina
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST)
- Doctoral Program in Basic and Applied Social Psychology, The Graduate Center of CUNY
| | - Jeffrey T. Parsons
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, The Graduate Center of CUNY
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST)
- Doctoral Program in Basic and Applied Social Psychology, The Graduate Center of CUNY
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology, The Graduate Center of CUNY
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of CUNY
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Abara W, Annang L, Spencer SM, Fairchild AJ, Billings D. Understanding internet sex-seeking behaviour and sexual risk among young men who have sex with men: evidences from a cross-sectional study. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 90:596-601. [PMID: 25063349 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2014-051545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Internet sex-seeking is common among young men who have sex with men (MSM). However, research examining its association with risky sexual behaviour has produced mixed findings, possibly due to various operational definitions of internet sex-seeking which fail to account for its multi-dimensionality. This study purposed to: (1) examine if the way internet sex-seeking behaviour is operationalised influences its association with risky sexual behaviour (unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and casual sex) and (2) determine the association of each operational definition with sexual risk. METHODS We recruited 263 sexually-experienced young MSM (18-29 years) and operationalised internet sex-seeking behaviour in four ways: (i) ever used the internet to meet other men, (ii) currently own a profile on a website dedicated to meeting other men, (iii) ever physically met a man you initially met online and (iv) ever had sex with a man you met online. Using binomial regression, we examined the association of each operationalisation with UAI and casual sex. RESULTS Only MSM who reported physically meeting a man they met online and those who ever had sex with a man they met online were more likely to report a history of UAI (p<0.05), while MSM who engaged in all forms of internet sex-seeking were more likely to engage in casual sex (p<0.05). However, the strength of these associations varied according to the mode of operationalisation. CONCLUSIONS The way internet sex-seeking is operationalised in research is differentially associated with sexual risk. Against this backdrop, the utility of these operational definitions in future research and inferences drawn from such research must be interpreted with caution. Findings have important implications for sexual health research and methodology, survey development, sexual health prevention interventions, and evaluating sexual risk among young MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Abara
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lucy Annang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - S Melinda Spencer
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda Jane Fairchild
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Debbie Billings
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Yang Z, Zhang S, Dong Z, Jin M, Han J. Prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse in men who have sex with men recruited online versus offline: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:508. [PMID: 24885058 PMCID: PMC4070357 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a high risk population for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Our study aims to find whether MSM who were recruited online had a higher prevalence of self-reported unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) than those who were recruited offline. Methods A meta-analysis was conducted from the results of published studies. The analysis was stratified by the participants’ geographic location, the sample size and the date of the last reported UAI. Results Based on fourteen studies, MSM who were recruited online (online-based group) reported that 33.9% (5,961/17,580) of them had UAI versus 24.9% (2,700/10,853) of MSM who were recruited offline (offline-based group). The results showed that it is more likely for an online-based MSM group to have UAI with male partners than an offline-based MSM group [odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.13-1.62, P < 0.01]. The subgroup analysis results also showed that the prevalence of UAI was higher in the European subsample (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.17-1.63, P < 0.01) and in sample sizes of more than 500 individuals (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09-1.61, P < 0.01) in the online group compared to the offline group. The prevalence of UAI was also significantly higher when the time of the last UAI was during the last 3 or more months (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.13-1.74, P < 0.05) in the online group compared to the offline group. A sensitivity analysis was used to test the reliability of the results, and it reported that the results remained unchanged and had the same estimates after deleting any one of the included studies. Conclusions A substantial percentage of MSM were recruited online, and they were more inclined to engage in UAI than MSM who were recruited offline. Targeted interventions of HIV prevention programs or services are recommended when designing preventive interventions to be delivered via the Internet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meihua Jin
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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