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Kocher T, Meisel P, Baumeister S, Holtfreter B. Impact of public health and patient-centered prevention strategies on periodontitis and caries as causes of tooth loss in high-income countries. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 39323071 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
In high-income countries, the oral health of the population is influenced by public health interventions, widespread use of oral care products, dental practice measures, and the cost of dental treatment. We compiled information on changes of the prevalence of proximal and upstream determinants of periodontitis, caries, and tooth loss over the last three decades to outline their potential effects on changes of oral health during this period. Information was retrieved from repeated cross-sectional studies and from published literature. While both the prevalence of edentulism and the number of missing teeth (from the DMF-T index) decreased, the number of sound teeth as well as the total number of teeth increased. The prevalence of severe periodontitis was unchanged, whereas the prevalence of periodontal health and moderate periodontitis may have increased to a minor extent. Concerning oral health risk factors, the proportion of individuals with tertiary education increased, while smoking prevalence declined. More and more people used oral care products. Whether one reimbursement system worked better than another one in terms of tooth retention could not be elucidated. In tooth retention, population-wide use of fluoridated toothpastes had the greatest impact. To some extent, the higher number of teeth present may be related to the more frequent use of interdental cleaning aids and powered toothbrushes. Since there was no decrease in severe periodontitis in most cohorts, periodontal interventions probably contributed little to improved tooth retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Meisel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Baumeister
- Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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DeWitte SN. Assessing the existence of the male-female health-survival paradox in the past: Dental caries in medieval London. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 185:e24990. [PMID: 38923302 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study seeks to identify signals of the male-female health-survival paradox in medieval London. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study uses skeletal data on age, sex, dental caries (n = 592) and antemortem tooth loss (n = 819) from adult individuals from medieval London cemeteries (c. 1200-1540 CE). The association between age and dental caries was assessed using binary logistic regression. The associations among age, time period (pre- vs. post-Black Death), oral biomarker (dental caries or antemortem tooth loss), and sex were tested using hierarchical log-linear analysis. RESULTS The analyses reveal significantly higher odds of dental caries with increasing adult ages, more older adults after the Black Death, different age distributions of dental caries between the sexes, and a greater decrease in the prevalence of dental caries for females after the Black Death. These results appear not to be an artifact of trends in AMTL. However, this study does not yield evidence suggesting that females experienced both a survival advantage and a decline in oral health at late adult ages after the Black Death relative to males. CONCLUSIONS These results do not provide evidence of the existence of a male-female health-survival paradox, but they do corroborate existing evidence of improvements in health in general in the aftermath of the Black Death. The decreased prevalence of dental caries after the Black Death may reflect dietary improvements or the effects of selective mortality during the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon N DeWitte
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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3
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Liang X, Lu H, Lin P, Huang X. Association between dietary fiber to carbohydrate ratio and risk of dental caries in diabetic patients: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2020. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1440306. [PMID: 39027657 PMCID: PMC11254849 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1440306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim People with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of dental caries than the general population. Diet is one of the most important factors affecting the risk of dental caries. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber to carbohydrate ratio (FCR) on the risk of dental caries in diabetic patients. Methods Data of this cross-sectional study were extracted from the 2015-2020 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. FCR levels were divided into two categories based on the median (0.13). The outcomes were untreated dental caries and dental caries experience. The associations of FCR with untreated dental caries and dental caries experience were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis and reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Stratified analyses were performed according to age (<65 and ≥ 65 years), gender (female and male), hypertension (yes and no), and the ratio of family income to poverty (PIR, <1 and ≥ 1). Results A total of 2,412 patients diagnosed with diabetes were included, of whom 728 (30.18%) had untreated dental caries and 2,104 (87.23%) had dental caries experience. Patients with FCR ≥0.13 were correlated with lower odds of untreated dental caries (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.52-0.99) and dental caries experience (OR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.42-0.93) compared to patients with FCR <0.13. Stratified analyses demonstrated that patients with FCR ≥0.13 were found to be related to lower odds of untreated dental caries in those aged <65 years (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.42-0.97), female (OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.35-0.93), with hypertension (OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.45-0.96), and PIR ≥1 (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.42-0.99). Similar results to untreated dental caries were observed in the analysis of dental caries experience (p < 0.05). Conclusion High levels of FCR may be associated with a lower risk of dental caries in patients with diabetes. Increasing the proportion of dietary fiber intake among diabetic patients may help prevent the occurrence of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Lu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanping First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Nazar H, Al-Mutawa S, Asad AAR, Ariga J, AlSahli A, Baskaradoss JK. Oral Health in the State of Kuwait: An Appraisal. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00115-1. [PMID: 38755070 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health issues have received significant attention from most global health agencies, which have integrated these issues into their noncommunicable disease, sustainable development, and universal health coverage objectives. METHODS This paper provides an update on the progress made in the last 2 decades and aims to highlight some of the challenges faced by the oral health care system in Kuwait. RESULTS Despite the nation's rising expenditure on oral health care, the prevalence of oral diseases remains high in Kuwait. The lack of reliable data on periodontitis and edentulism limits the ability of researchers to comment on the trends of these conditions. This emphasises the critical need for a nationwide household-level oral health survey in both pediatric and adult populations that would provide valuable information on the oral health status of these populations. CONCLUSION In the future, Kuwait must invest more in oral disease prevention programs, especially among children and the high-risk communities of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Nazar
- Department of Dental Administration, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sabiha Al-Mutawa
- Department of Dental Administration, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Jitendra Ariga
- Department of School Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad AlSahli
- Department of General Dental Practice, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jagan Kumar Baskaradoss
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
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Spatafora G, Li Y, He X, Cowan A, Tanner ACR. The Evolving Microbiome of Dental Caries. Microorganisms 2024; 12:121. [PMID: 38257948 PMCID: PMC10819217 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a significant oral and public health problem worldwide, especially in low-income populations. The risk of dental caries increases with frequent intake of dietary carbohydrates, including sugars, leading to increased acidity and disruption of the symbiotic diverse and complex microbial community of health. Excess acid production leads to a dysbiotic shift in the bacterial biofilm composition, demineralization of tooth structure, and cavities. Highly acidic and acid-tolerant species associated with caries include Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, and Scardovia species. The differences in microbiotas depend on tooth site, extent of carious lesions, and rate of disease progression. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics not only reveal the structure and genetic potential of the caries-associated microbiome, but, more importantly, capture the genetic makeup of the metabolically active microbiome in lesion sites. Due to its multifactorial nature, caries has been difficult to prevent. The use of topical fluoride has had a significant impact on reducing caries in clinical settings, but the approach is costly; the results are less sustainable for high-caries-risk individuals, especially children. Developing treatment regimens that specifically target S. mutans and other acidogenic bacteria, such as using nanoparticles, show promise in altering the cariogenic microbiome, thereby combatting the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Spatafora
- Biology and Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Xuesong He
- ADA-Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | - Annie Cowan
- The Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Ramadan YH, Knorst JK, Brondani B, Agostini BA, Ardenghi TM. Trends and age-period-cohort effect on dental caries prevalence from 2008 to 2019 among Brazilian preschoolers. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e004. [PMID: 38198304 PMCID: PMC11376602 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children and associated factors considering different time variations. This is a time series study performed using data from three cross-sectional studies with pre-school children from southern Brazil in 2008, 2013 and 2019. This children group was born between the years of 2003 to 2018. Dental caries was evaluated by decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft index). Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and psychosocial variables were also collected. Chi-square test for trends and a hierarchical age-period-cohort (HAPC) analysis using multilevel Poisson regression model for testing the associations between predictor variables and dental caries experience were used. A total of 1,644 pre-school children participated in all surveys. There was a significant difference in caries experience considering all APC effects. The prevalence of dental caries was 25.0% in 2008, 16.3% in 2013, and 19.4% in 2019 (p < 0.01) and no statistical difference was observed. An age effect showed that older children were more likely to experience dental caries. Considering the cohort effect, there is a significant difference between the generations, mainly between 2003 and 2018. Household income, use of dental services, and parent's perception of child oral health were associated with dental caries experience no matter the time variation. Despite recent declines in dental caries prevalence among preschool children, caries levels increased with age and social inequalities persisted through the years, indicating a need of reviewing the policies to reduce the burden of this oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassmín Hêllwaht Ramadan
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Brondani
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Boachie MK, Molete M, Hofman K, Thsehla E. Cost-effectiveness of dental caries prevention strategies in South African schools. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:814. [PMID: 37898738 PMCID: PMC10613394 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South Africa, an estimated 85% of the population relies on the public sector for oral health services. With poor infrastructure and inadequate personnel, over 80% of children with dental caries remain untreated. To reduce this burden of disease, one key goal is to promote good oral health and address oral diseases through prevention, screening, and treatment among children. While all policies have been proven to be effective in the control and prevention of dental caries, it is unclear which of those strategies provide value for money. This study evaluated five caries preventative strategies in terms of the cost and benefits among South African school children. METHODS The study uses a hypothetical South African population of school aged learners aged 5-15. The context and insights of the strategies utilized at the schools were informed by data from both grey and published literature. Using Markov modeling techniques, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) application, atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), sugar-reduction and fissure sealants. Markov model was used to depict the movement of a hypothetical patient cohort between different health states over time. We assessed both health outcomes and costs of various interventions. The health outcome metric was measured as the number of Decayed, Missing, Filled Tooth (DMFT). The net monetary benefit was then used to determine which intervention was most cost-effective. RESULTS The results showed that school-based caries prevention strategies are cost-effective compared to the status quo of doing nothing. The average cost per learner over the 10-year period ranged from ZAR4380 to approx. ZAR7300 for the interventions considered. The total costs (including screening) associated with the interventions and health outcome (DMFT averted) were: sugar reduction (ZAR91,380, DFMT: 63,762), APF-Gel (ZAR54 million, DMFT: 42,010), tooth brushing (ZAR72.8 million, DMFT: 74,018), fissure sealant (ZAR44.63 million, DMFT: 100,024), and ART (ZAR45 million, DMFT: 144,035). The net monetary benefits achieved for APF-Gel, sugar reduction, tooth brushing, fissure sealant and ART programs were ZAR1.56, ZAR2.45, ZAR2.78, ZAR3.81, and ZAR5.55 billion, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on the net monetary benefit, ART, fissure sealant and sugar-reduction appear to be the most cost-effective strategies for preventing caries in South Africa. In a resource-scarce setting such as South Africa, where there is no fluoridation of drinking water, this analysis can inform decisions about service packages for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal Kofi Boachie
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4041, Durban, South Africa.
- SAMRC/Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2193, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Mpho Molete
- Department of Oral Biological Sciences, School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2193, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karen Hofman
- SAMRC/Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2193, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Evelyn Thsehla
- SAMRC/Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2193, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Lamloum D, Dettori M, La Corte P, Agnoli MR, Cappai A, Viarchi A, Arghittu A, Wolf TG, Castiglia P, Campus G. Oral Health Survey in Burundi; Evaluation of the Caries Experience in Schoolchildren Using the DMFT Index. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1538. [PMID: 37763657 PMCID: PMC10535420 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: There are no data on oral health in the population of Burundi. This study aimed to describe the oral health status of schoolchildren in Burundi using the dmft/DMFT index for the first time. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey. The survey was designed according to the WHO methodology for oral health surveys. Oral examinations were conducted in school rooms using a dental mirror, probe, and headlight. The following characteristics of primary dentition status were recorded: decayed (d/D), missing (m/M), and filled (f/F) teeth, and the dmft/DMFT (d + m + f t/D + M + F T) index was calculated for each subject. Quantitative and qualitative variables were represented by measures of position and variability. One-way ANOVA was used to assess differences between parametric variables. Logistic regression was performed for total caries experience and gender, age groups, living area, and geographical provinces. Results: A total of 1902 children were examined, 1007 (52.94%) six-year-olds and 895 (47.06%) in the older group. The dmft/DMFT and subgroups were statistically significantly different in terms of age groups, living areas, and geographical regions (dmft/DMFT d-subgroup and D-subgroup p < 0.01), but only for DMFT for sex. The ORs estimated by logistic regression by total caries experience showed a protective effect for 12 year old subjects and those living in southern provinces, an OR of 0.52 (95%CI 0.43-0.64) and an OR of 0.26 (95%CI 0.21-0.32), respectively. Conclusions: Dental caries in African countries, including Burundi, remains a major problem affecting the general health and wellbeing of the population. Tackling untreated caries requires a multifaceted approach, including strengthening oral health infrastructure, promoting oral health education, providing affordable dental services, and encouraging healthier eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrio Lamloum
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Restorative, Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (M.D.); (T.G.W.)
| | - Marco Dettori
- Department of Restorative, Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (M.D.); (T.G.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Pino La Corte
- Solidarietà Medico Odontoiatrica nel Mondo (SMOM) ODV, 20143 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Ruth Agnoli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Andrea Cappai
- Department of Architecture, Design and Urban Planning, University of Sassari, 07041 Alghero, Italy;
| | - Arianna Viarchi
- Section of Odontostomatologic Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Antonella Arghittu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (M.D.); (T.G.W.)
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (M.D.); (T.G.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.)
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600077, India
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Arponen H, Vakkilainen S, Rautava J, Mäkitie O. Oral findings in patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia - cross-sectional observational study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:147. [PMID: 37308912 PMCID: PMC10258761 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare chondrodysplasia with associated primary immunodeficiency. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine oral health indicators in individuals with CHH. METHODS In total, 23 individuals with CHH, aged between 4.5 and 70 years, and 46 controls aged between 5 and 76 years were clinically examined for periodontal disease, presence of oral mucosal lesions, tooth decay, masticatory system function, and malocclusions. A chairside lateral flow immunoassay test of active-matrix metalloproteinase was obtained from all the adult participants with a permanent dentition. Laboratory signs of immunodeficiency were recorded for individuals with CHH. RESULTS Individuals with CHH and controls had similar prevalence of gingival bleeding on probing (median 6% vs. 4%). Oral fluid active-matrix metalloproteinase concentration was greater than 20 ng/ml in 45% of study subjects in both groups. However, deep periodontal pockets, 4 mm or deeper, were more common in individuals with CHH as compared to the controls (U = 282.5, p = 0.002). Similarly mucosal lesions were significantly more common in individuals with CHH (30% vs. 9%, OR = 0.223, 95%CI 0.057-0.867). The median sum of the number of decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth was nine for the individuals with CHH and four for controls. In the CHH cohort, 70% displayed an ideal sagittal occlusal relationship. Malocclusion and temporomandibular joint dysfunction prevalence were similar in both study groups. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CHH have more frequently deep periodontal pockets and oral mucosal lesions than general population controls. Routine intraoral examination by a dentist at regular intervals should be recommended to all individuals with CHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Arponen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital Head and Neck Center, Helsinki, Finland.
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- City of Espoo, Social and Health Services, Espoo, Finland.
| | | | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital Head and Neck Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, HUS Head and Neck Center, Department of Pathology, HUSLAB Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Martínez-Chicón J, Márquez-Ruiz AB, González-Herrera L, Luna JDD, Valenzuela A. Dental pattern diversity in a military population and its usefulness for assessing the degree of certainty in dental identification. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 345:111609. [PMID: 36857989 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In forensic dentistry, the analysis of dental diversity forms the basis of probability calculations in dental identification. The present study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of dental diversity in a Spanish military population (considering isolated teeth, sets of different numbers of teeth, and combinations of teeth of forensic interest) and its implications for dental identification. A further aim was to compare the performance of three coding systems (detailed, generic, and binary) to assess dental pattern diversity. Dental diversity of a representative sample of the Spanish military population (3920 individuals aged between 18 and 55 years) was calculated according to a genetic (mitochondrial DNA) model in which diversity was defined as the likelihood that two randomly selected individuals in a sample would exhibit different patterns. By performing all pairwise comparisons of dental patterns in the dataset, the total number of matches was generated, and the diversity of dental patterns was then derived. First and third molars were the teeth that showed the highest levels of diversity, and a high diversity value (>0.99) was obtained with only 5 teeth (16, 36, 38, 46, and 48) when detailed coding was used. In addition, dental diversity in the full dentition and posterior teeth exceeded the threshold of 0.99 in all three coding systems. Although a very high diversity value (≥0.999) was only achieved with detailed coding, it should be noted that the generic coding system requires less time and skill to use, and can also provide high diversity values. Our findings show that further efforts should be made to establish large, periodically updated dental datasets of different populations in order to assess dental pattern diversity (without excluding third molars) based on empirical comparison, and to substantiate the certainty of dental identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Martínez-Chicón
- Under Secretary of Defense, Ministry of Defense of Spain, P.º de la Castellana 109, 28046 Madrid, Spain; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Márquez-Ruiz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Lucas González-Herrera
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Luna
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Aurora Valenzuela
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Beltrán V, Flores M, Sanzana C, Muñoz-Sepúlveda F, Alvarado E, Venegas B, Molina JC, Rueda-Velásquez S, von Marttens A. Tooth Loss and Caries Experience of Elderly Chileans in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Five Regions of Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3001. [PMID: 36833696 PMCID: PMC9967189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors associated with tooth loss have been studied; however, the current status of the epidemiological profiles and the impact of the pandemic on the oral health of the elderly is still unknown. This study aims to determine the experience of caries and tooth loss among elderly Chilean citizens in five regions and to identify the risk factors associated with tooth loss. The sample includes 135 participants over 60 years old assessed during COVID-19 lockdown. Sociodemographic variables such as education and RSH (Social Registry of Households) were obtained through a teledentistry platform called TEGO. The history of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, depression and dental caries reported by DMFT index scores were incorporated. The statistical analysis included Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) to assess risk factors associated with the lack of functional dentition. Multivariate hypothesis testing was used to compare the mean equality of DMFT and its components between regions (p-value < 0.05). Individuals with RSH ≤ 40% were at higher risk of having no functional dentition with OR 4.56 (95% CI: 1.71, 12.17). The only mean difference between regions was the filled tooth component. Tooth loss was associated with multidimensional lower income, where the elderly belonging to the 40% most vulnerable population had a higher prevalence of non-functional dentition. This study highlights the importance of implementing a National Oral Health Policy that focuses on oral health promotion and minimally invasive dentistry for the most vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Beltrán
- Clinical Investigation and Dental Innovation Center (CIDIC), Dental School and Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Rehabilitation, Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Marco Flores
- Clinical Investigation and Dental Innovation Center (CIDIC), Dental School and Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Rehabilitation, Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Cristina Sanzana
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Rehabilitation, Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Fernanda Muñoz-Sepúlveda
- Clinical Investigation and Dental Innovation Center (CIDIC), Dental School and Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Program of Master in Dental Sciences, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Eloy Alvarado
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Santiago 7630000, Chile
| | - Bernardo Venegas
- Carlos Van Buren Hospital of Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | | | - Sandra Rueda-Velásquez
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga 680001, Colombia
| | - Alfredo von Marttens
- Department of Prosthesis, Faculty of Dentistry, Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
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Cui Y, Tian G, Li R, Shi Y, Zhou T, Yan Y. Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions of severe periodontitis incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years for 21 world regions and globally from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis. J Periodontol 2023; 94:193-203. [PMID: 35942553 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe periodontitis is one of the most prevalent diseases and a global public health problem due to its high incidence and prevalence. However, there are few studies on the burden of periodontitis in different regions of the world. METHODS We extracted data on the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease study as severe periodontitis burden measures. We also explored the global burden of severe periodontitis according to 21 world regions and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) quintiles. The joinpoint model was used to analyze temporal trends of major regions from 1990 to 2019, and the age-period-cohort model was used to estimate age, period, and cohort trends in severe periodontitis. RESULTS Globally, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate increased from 1990 to 2019 (percentage change: 5.77%, 7.78%, and 8.01%, respectively), with average annual percent changes of 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.3%, respectively. The region with the highest DALY rate was western sub-Saharan Africa with a value of 142.5 (95% uncertainty interval: 56.3, 303.7) per 100,000 in 2019. For the ASIR, ASPR, and DALY, the age effect of severe periodontitis showed an increase followed by a decrease, the period effect showed an upward trend, the cohort effect showed an overall decreasing trend, and the cohort relative risk for incidence for some SDI quintiles showed a slight increase in recent years. CONCLUSIONS Oral health varies significantly across regions, and it is essential to address inequalities in oral health between countries. Effective measures to prevent severe periodontitis risk factors should also be taken in regions with low SDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ri Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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13
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Yao Y, Luo A, Hao Y. Selective versus stepwise removal of deep carious lesions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:17-26. [PMID: 36643250 PMCID: PMC9831820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Stepwise removal (SWR) and selective removal (SCR) are proposed techniques to treat deep carious lesions, but it is currently uncertain which technique is better. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of SCR and SWR for deep carious lesions in both primary and permanent teeth. Materials and methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were searched until June 9, 2021. Success was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included pulp exposure, tooth extraction, pulp necrosis, pulpitis, and endodontic treatment. The effect size of each outcome was tested for heterogeneity. The source of heterogeneity was explored by meta regression analysis. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted for the outcomes. Results Nine studies of 1550 patients with 1929 deep carious teeth were included. SCR had a significantly higher success rate than SWR (pooled relative risk [RR] = 1.123, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.056-1.194, I2 = 52.3%, P < 0.001). The incidence of pulp exposure was significantly lower in the SCR group than that in the SWR group (pooled RR = 0.266, 95%CI = 0.096-0.740, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.011). The incidence of pulp necrosis in the SCR group was approximately 14.2% of that in the SWR group (pooled RR = 0.142, 95%CI = 0.026-0.789, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.026). Compared with SWR, SCR reduced the incidence of pulpitis by about 76.3% (pooled RR = 0.237, 95%CI = 0.090-0.623, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.003). Conclusion SCR may be a better treatment for deep caries to achieve better outcomes than SWR. Future research on comparing SCR and SWR for different outcomes in deep carious lesions is warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanhong Hao
- Corresponding author. Department of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, No. 1120 Lianhua road, Futain District, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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14
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Dietary Factors Influencing the Caries Status of Adults in Karachi, Pakistan: Initial Findings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19126980. [PMID: 35742227 PMCID: PMC9222542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective was to identify the relationship between the dietary factors related to increases in the number of dental caries among an adult population group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving adult patients and their accompanying person, aged 18 years and above (n = 1730) visiting the dental outpatient department (OPD) of a public sector tertiary healthcare institute in Karachi, Pakistan. A 39-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to the patients, followed by a dental caries assessment using Radke’s WHO criteria. Caries assessment data were transformed into the DMFT Index (D = decayed, M = missing, F = filled teeth). Factor analysis (FA) was performed using Stata v. 11.0, followed by assessing the internal consistency of the FFQ. Multilogistic analysis was performed to explore the association between dental caries (cut-off = 5) and other independent variables, considering a p-value < 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean age of participants in the group was 32.65 ± 10.49 years. The number of female participants (934; 54%) was higher than male participants (796; 46%). Of the total, 951 (52%) participants were married. The internal consistency value for the FFQ, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.80. In addition to age and gender, out of four dietary patterns, only “cereals” were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with increased DMFT. Conclusion: This study established that the high intake of cereals is a contributory factor to the high prevalence of dental caries among adults.
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Primary Tooth Decay Prevention Program in Children: Application of Intervention Mapping Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8901102. [PMID: 35463983 PMCID: PMC9023154 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8901102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. As the most common diseases globally, oral and dental diseases are closely related to people’s behavior. The present study is aimed at developing a program to prevent primary teeth decay in children using the intervention mapping approach. Methods. This study protocol is aimed at using the intervention mapping approach as the planning framework. The study consists of six steps of intervention mapping, including needs assessment based on the relevant literature review, development of an objectives matrix for changing people’s behaviors and environmental factors, program preparation, program implementation, and program evaluation to develop a family-centered program. Results. The use of the intervention mapping approach helped us identify the outcomes and functional objectives, develop an appropriate intervention program, and evaluate the program. Conclusions. The intervention mapping approach is an appropriate guide to developing a systematic and evidence-based program.
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16
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Clarkson JE, Ramsay CR, Mannocci F, Jarad F, Albadri S, Ricketts D, Tait C, Banerjee A, Deery C, Boyers D, Marshman Z, Goulao B, Hamilton AR, Banister K, Bell R, Brown L, Conway DI, Donaldson P, Duncan A, Dunn K, Fee P, Forrest M, Glenny AM, Gouick J, Gupta E, Jacobsen E, Kettle J, MacLennan G, Macpherson L, McGuff T, Mitchell F, van der Pol M, Moazzez R, Roberston D, Wojewodka G, Young L, Lamont T, Lamont T. Pulpotomy for the Management of Irreversible Pulpitis in Mature Teeth (PIP): a feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:77. [PMID: 35366952 PMCID: PMC8976106 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of dental caries can result in irreversible pulpal damage. Partial irreversible pulpitis is the initial stage of this damage, confined to the coronal pulp whilst the radicular pulp shows little or no sign of infection. Preserving the pulp with sustained vitality and developing minimally invasive biologically based therapies are key themes within contemporary clinical practice. However, root canal treatment involving complete removal of the pulp is often the only option (other than extraction) given to patients with irreversible pulpitis, with substantial NHS and patient incurred costs. The European Society of Endodontology's (ESE 2019) recent consensus statement recommends full pulpotomy, where the inflamed coronal pulp is removed with the goal of keeping the radicular pulp vital, as a more minimally invasive technique, potentially avoiding complex root canal treatment. Although this technique may be provided in secondary care, it has not been routinely implemented or evaluated in UK General Dental Practice. METHOD This feasibility study aims to identify and assess in a primary care setting the training needs of general dental practitioners and clinical fidelity of the full pulpotomy intervention, estimate likely eligible patient pool and develop recruitment materials ahead of the main randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of full pulpotomy compared to root canal treatment in pre/molar teeth of adults 16 years and older showing signs indicative of irreversible pulpitis. The feasibility study will recruit and train 10 primary care dentists in the full pulpotomy technique. Dentists will recruit and provide full pulpotomy to 40 participants (four per practice) with indications of partial irreversible pulpitis. DISCUSSION The Pulpotomy for the Management of Irreversible Pulpitis in Mature Teeth (PIP) study will address the lack of high-quality evidence in the treatment of irreversible pulpitis, to aid dental practitioners, patients and policymakers in their decision-making. The PIP feasibility study will inform the main study on the practicality of providing both training and provision of the full pulpotomy technique in general dental practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN17973604 . Registered on 28 January 2021. Protocol version Protocol version: 1; date: 03.02.2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E. Clarkson
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK ,grid.451102.30000 0001 0164 4922NHS Education for Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig R. Ramsay
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Francesco Mannocci
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for clinical and translational sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Fadi Jarad
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sondos Albadri
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Ricketts
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Carol Tait
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Avijit Banerjee
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Services, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Deery
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dwayne Boyers
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Zoe Marshman
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Beatriz Goulao
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alice R. Hamilton
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Katie Banister
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Patient and Public Involvement Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Rosanne Bell
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Lori Brown
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - David I. Conway
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XSchool of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pina Donaldson
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Anne Duncan
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Katharine Dunn
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Edinburgh Dental Institute, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrick Fee
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Mark Forrest
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Glenny
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jill Gouick
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Ekta Gupta
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Elisabet Jacobsen
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jennifer Kettle
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Graeme MacLennan
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lorna Macpherson
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Tina McGuff
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Fiona Mitchell
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Marjon van der Pol
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Rebecca Moazzez
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Oral Clinical Research Unit, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas Roberston
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XSchool of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gabriella Wojewodka
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Services, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Young
- grid.451102.30000 0001 0164 4922NHS Education for Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Lamont
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Thomas Lamont
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
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Mother’s Characteristics and Socioeconomic Status as Possible Risk Factors for Children’s Caries in Jordan. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:2006088. [PMID: 35342427 PMCID: PMC8942692 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2006088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Clinical oral health status of children affects their health-related quality of life. A major determinant of oral health is early childhood caries, which possesses a negative effect. Objective. The primary objective of the study was to examine the association between socioeconomic status and different mother’s characteristics and the risk of dental caries in children using the decay missing filled (DMF) score as an indicator. Methods. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was in the pediatric dental clinic in Hashem Ibn Al-Hussein medical military hospital in Jordan. Pearson correlation was used to examine associations between two continuous variables. Linear regression was used to detect variables that might predict the decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) score of the child. Results. A total of 264 children were enrolled in the study. Average age of children was 4.80 ± 1.99 years, and average mothers’ age was 32.74 ± 5.68. Mothers had an average DMFT score of 8.84 ± 5.39, while children had an average dmft score of 6.17 ± 4.82. There was no association between the mother’s age and the dmft score of the child (Pearson correlation = 0.08, and
value = 0.215). However, a moderate, statistically significant correlation was found between the mother’s and the child’s DMFT scores (Pearson correlation = 0.418, and
value = 0.001). Children who belonged to low and middle-income families had a higher dmft score compared to those that belonged to families with high income. Conclusion. Socioeconomic status of the family, mother’s habits, dental hygiene, and education level are important factors that influence the child’s oral health. Strategies that focus on children with these characteristics can help them achieve better oral health.
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Nembhwani HV, Varkey I. Caries Experience and Its Relationship with Mother\'s Educational Level and Occupational Status: A Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:S226-S229. [PMID: 35645509 PMCID: PMC9108831 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Most studies have investigated established risk factors contributing to dental caries in children, however, with the growing incidence of caries in children more risk factors are being included in literature. Thus, this cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the relationship between mother's educational level and occupational status with the caries experience of the child. Materials and method About 120 mother–child pairs participated in the study. Children below 12 years were screened for their dental caries status using DMFT index. The pairs were equally divided into three groups according to the mother's education and occupational status as: Group I–Mothers who did not receive any formal education, Group II–Educated mothers but unemployed, and Group III–Educated employed mothers. Mother's knowledge and attitude regarding the child's oral health was recorded analyzed using Chi-square test with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results In the present study, the lower DMFT score has been significantly related to higher levels of education and occupation of the mother. It was also observed that the knowledge and attitude of the mother related to the child's oral health is directly proportional to the education and occupational status. Conclusion The findings of our study suggest that mother's level of education increases the awareness of the child's oral health. Therefore, it is utmost important to educate a mother to help the child maintain his oral health and reduce the caries prevalence. Clinical significance The results of the present study conducted will help the clinician to keep in sight the relationship of mother's education and occupational level and its impact on their child's teeth, which will in turn help them for creating further dental awareness in the society. How to cite this article Nembhwani HV, Varkey I. Caries Experience and Its Relationship with Mother's Educational Level and Occupational Status: A Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S226–S229.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha V Nembhwani
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Harsha V Nembhwani, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Phone +91 9075020750, e-mail:
| | - Indu Varkey
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Shetty A. Significance of sugar intake in young adults: a review. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2021; 33:375-378. [PMID: 34695309 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foodborne diseases non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the main reason of death, accounting for 38 million (68%) of the 56 million premature deaths worldwide in 2012. Lower-middle and middle-income countries accounted for nearly three-quarters of all NCD fatalities (28 million), as well as the bulk of illness and premature death (82%). An excessive consumption of added sugar is source of worry for its link to unhealthy nutrition quality, overweight, and the risk of NCDs among adolescents. A further source of worry is the link among free sugar consumption and tooth cavities in young adults. Dental infections are the most common NCDs worldwide in young adults, and despite significant advances in management and cure in recent decades, issues remain, resulting in pain, anxiety, functional limitations (which include failing school grades and attendance in children), and social severe disability due to missing teeth. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this report is to give suggestions on how to consume added sugar in order to mitigate the possibility of NCDs in children and young adults, with an emphasis on the care and mitigation of obesity and metabolic syndrome and tooth decay among young adults. METHODS AND MATERIALS The Keywords like adolescent, Health, Dental Caries, Obesity, Sugar Intake, Recommendation have been used to evaluate the standard of evidence discovered via current systematic reviews of the scientific literature relating to significance of sugar intake consumption and its effect in young adults. RESULTS The relevant data from prospective studies was judged to be of good quality, but data from nationwide population-based studies was judged to be of extremely low quality. Free sweeteners should be used in moderation during one's life, according to the World Health Organization (strong recommendation 1). WHO advises limiting natural sugar consumption to very little about 10% of total calorie intake among both grownups and children 2 (strong recommendation). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association of prevalence of tooth decay, obesity due to sugar consumption at an alarming rate hence regulators as well as curriculum developers can utilize the recommendation reviewed by us to compare current free sugar intake levels in their nations to a benchmark. They may also be used to design ways to reduce free sugar consumption through a wide variety of social health initiatives, if required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Shetty
- Department of Periodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS) , NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore- 575018, India
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20
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DMF Index among Amelogenesis Imperfecta Patients: Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5577615. [PMID: 34447436 PMCID: PMC8384523 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5577615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the literature in order to assess systematically the association between amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and caries development and to evaluate the DMF index among AI patients. Basic Research Design. PubMed was used to explore the database Medline. The key words used were “Amelogenesis Imperfecta” [Mesh], “Dental Caries” [Mesh], “Tooth Loss” [Mesh], “DMF Index” [Mesh], and “Dental Restoration, Permanent” [Mesh]. Moreover, an ad hoc search was performed in order to make the study as exhaustive as possible. Results Fifty-five articles were retained. The total number of patients gathered was 499. A percentage of 68.8% of the articles dealt with cases with a relatively low dental caries process, 20.8% dealt with cases in which the dental caries process was relatively moderate, and 10.4% dealt with cases in which the dental caries process was severe. Teeth extraction due to dental caries was mentioned in 10 articles. Eleven articles, concerning 53 patients, mentioned dental fillings. Four patients did not have dental filling due to dental caries. DMF index was very low in 2 articles and low-to-high in 3 articles. Conclusion Low dental caries susceptibility with AI patients was noticed in this study. A possible factor could be the lack of proximal contacts and elimination of fissures through enamel loss. The lack of dental caries susceptibility was also explained by the microbacterial specificity of hypoplastic AI patients. Moreover, it was also noted that the prevalence of dental caries among AI patients depends on sociodemographic change.
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21
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Kim NH, Kawachi I. Age period cohort analysis of chewing ability in Korea from 2007 to 2018. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14660. [PMID: 34282165 PMCID: PMC8289934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been marked improvements in oral health in Korea during the past 10 years, including chewing ability. We sought to disentangle age, period, and cohort effects in chewing ability between 2007 and 2018. We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main variable was chewing difficulty, which was assessed among participants aged 20 years and older. APC analysis revealed three trends in chewing difficulty: (1) there was an increase in chewing difficulty starting at around 60 years of age (age effect), (2) there was a steady decrease in chewing difficulty during the observation period (period effect), and (3) chewing ability improved with each successive generation born after 1951 (cohort effect). Regarding recent improvements in chewing ability, cohort effects were somewhat more important than period effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hee Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Mirae Campus, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Clarkson JE, Ramsay CR, Ricketts D, Banerjee A, Deery C, Lamont T, Boyers D, Marshman Z, Goulao B, Banister K, Conway D, Dawett B, Baker S, Sherriff A, Young L, van der Pol M, MacLennan G, Floate R, Braid H, Fee P, Forrest M, Gouick J, Mitchell F, Gupta E, Dakri R, Kettle J, McGuff T, Dunn K. Selective Caries Removal in Permanent Teeth (SCRiPT) for the treatment of deep carious lesions: a randomised controlled clinical trial in primary care. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:336. [PMID: 34243733 PMCID: PMC8267238 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is one of the most prevalent non-communicable disease globally and can have serious health sequelae impacting negatively on quality of life. In the UK most adults experience dental caries during their lifetime and the 2009 Adult Dental Health Survey reported that 85% of adults have at least one dental restoration. Conservative removal of tooth tissue for both primary and secondary caries reduces the risk of failure due to tooth-restoration, complex fracture as well as remaining tooth surfaces being less vulnerable to further caries. However, despite its prevalence there is no consensus on how much caries to remove prior to placing a restoration to achieve optimal outcomes. Evidence for selective compared to complete or near-complete caries removal suggests there may be benefits for selective removal in sustaining tooth vitality, therefore avoiding abscess formation and pain, so eliminating the need for more complex and costly treatment or eventual tooth loss. However, the evidence is of low scientific quality and mainly gleaned from studies in primary teeth. METHOD This is a pragmatic, multi-centre, two-arm patient randomised controlled clinical trial including an internal pilot set in primary dental care in Scotland and England. Dental health professionals will recruit 623 participants over 12-years of age with deep carious lesions in their permanent posterior teeth. Participants will have a single tooth randomised to either the selective caries removal or complete caries removal treatment arm. Baseline measures and outcome data (during the 3-year follow-up period) will be assessed through clinical examination, patient questionnaires and NHS databases. A mixed-method process evaluation will complement the clinical and economic outcome evaluation and examine implementation, mechanisms of impact and context. The primary outcome at three years is sustained tooth vitality. The primary economic outcome is net benefit modelled over a lifetime horizon. Clinical secondary outcomes include pulp exposure, progession of caries, restoration failure; as well as patient-centred and economic outcomes. DISCUSSION SCRiPT will provide evidence for the most clinically effective and cost-beneficial approach to managing deep carious lesions in permanent posterior teeth in primary care. This will support general dental practitioners, patients and policy makers in decision making. Trial Registration Trial registry: ISRCTN. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN76503940. Date of Registration: 30.10.2019. URL of trial registry record: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN76503940?q=ISRCTN76503940%20&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Clarkson
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.,NHS Education for Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig R Ramsay
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Ricketts
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Avijit Banerjee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Services, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Deery
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas Lamont
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.
| | - Dwayne Boyers
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Zoe Marshman
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Beatriz Goulao
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Katie Banister
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bhupinder Dawett
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Hafren House Dental Practice, Alfreton, Derbyshire, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrea Sherriff
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Graeme MacLennan
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ruth Floate
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Hazel Braid
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Patrick Fee
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Mark Forrest
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jill Gouick
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Fiona Mitchell
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Riz Dakri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Services, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Kettle
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tina McGuff
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Katharine Dunn
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental School, The University of Dundee, 9th Floor, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
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Schmoeckel J, Haq J, Samietz S, Santamaría RM, Mourad MS, Völzke H, Kocher T, Splieth CH, Holtfreter B. Ten-year trends in DMF-S and DMF-T in a northeast German adult population. J Dent 2021; 111:103727. [PMID: 34119612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess 10-year trends in coronal caries in adults aged 20-83 years using data from the two-representative population-based Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-0/SHIP-Trend-0). METHODS Repeated cross-sectional data from 4,286 SHIP-0 and 3,913 SHIP-Trend-0 participants were analysed. Carious, filled and missing teeth/surfaces were recorded in a half-mouth design and the DMF-T/S scores and sound surfaces/teeth were calculated according to WHO criteria. Trends in DMF-T/S scores and its single components were presented stratified by age group and sex. RESULTS A statistically significant decline in coronal caries experience (DMF-T and DMF-S) in adults aged 20 to 83 years as well as for D-T/S components was observed. The proportion of edentulous participants was almost halved from 8.7% (SHIP-0) to 5.1% (SHIP-Trend-0), while the number of M-T declined from 4.4 to 3.5 revealing an overall clear shift to a higher retention rate of teeth. In younger adults (25-34 years) 3.8 more sound teeth (17.2 sound surfaces) were found in average in the mouth and in elderly (65-74 years) a clear shift from extracted to filled teeth was observed (M-T reduced by 5.4, while F-T increased by 4). Regarding sex differences, females had consistently on average higher MF-T/S values, but lower D-T/S values than males. CONCLUSION A clinically relevant drop in the severity of coronal caries experience in all adult age groups in Northeast Germany shows that not only reductions in caries experience in adolescence translated into adulthood but also later improvements led to long-term oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmoeckel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - J Haq
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Samietz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerostomatology and Biomaterials, Centre for Oral Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R M Santamaría
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M S Mourad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Orthodontics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C H Splieth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Zhang M, Lan J, Zhang T, Sun W, Liu P, Wang Z. Oral health and caries/gingivitis-associated factors of adolescents aged 12-15 in Shandong province, China: a cross-sectional Oral Health Survey. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:288. [PMID: 34088280 PMCID: PMC8178891 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to analyse the oral health status of adolescents in Shandong province, including dental caries and gingivitis, and their associated factors. Methods Adolescents aged 12–15-years in Shandong province were recruited. Caries and gingival status were assessed following the World Health Organisation diagnostic criteria. Information including the sociodemographic, oral hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices were collected through the questionnaire. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the oral diseases associated factors. Results In total, 3868 students (50.2% males) were enrolled. Of these, 39.9% of the participants experienced caries, and 81.7% and 31.3% had calculus and bleeding gingival, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that there was an association between dental caries and toothaches, dental visits and sleeping troubles caused by oral problems (P < 0.024). A low-frequency of brushing, high sugar consumption and no flossing were more associated with calculus formation and gingival bleeding (P < 0.008). Conclusion Compared to caries, worse gingival condition was more prevalent among adolescents in Shandong province. Brushing behaviour is associated with gingivitis, while dental visits and toothaches are associated with caries. Hence, prevention-oriented dental visits and oral hygiene training are strongly recommended to improve oral health status. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01640-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatricss Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Pediatricss Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Pediatricss Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenshuang Sun
- Department of Pediatricss Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Pediatricss Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Pediatricss Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Martignon S, Roncalli AG, Alvarez E, Aránguiz V, Feldens CA, Buzalaf MAR. Risk factors for dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e053. [PMID: 34076077 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the risk factors for dental caries is vital in epidemiology and clinical practices for developing effective preventive strategies, both, at the individual and collective levels. Different causality/determination models have been proposed to understand the development process of dental caries. In the present review, we designed a model inspired by the world-known social determinants models proposed in the 90s and more recently in the 10s, wherein the contextual factors are placed more externally and encompass the individual factors. The contextual factors included those related to the cultural and societal values, as well as the social and health government policies. The individual factors were classified into the following categories: socioeconomic (social class, occupation, income, and education level), demographic characteristics (age, sex, and ethnicity), behavioral factors (non-use of fluoride dentifrice, sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene, and lack of preventive dental care), and biological factors (recent caries experience/active caries lesions, biofilm retentive factors, developmental defects of the enamel, disabilities, saliva amount and quality, cariogenic biofilm). Each of these variables was addressed, while focusing on the current evidence from studies conducted in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACC). Based on the proposed model, educational aspects were addressed, and individual caries risk assessment and management decisions were proposed; further, implications for public health policies and clinical practice were described. The identification of modifiable risk factors for dental caries should be the basis for multi-strategy actions that consider the diversity of Latin American communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Martignon
- Universidad El Bosque, Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Evelyn Alvarez
- Universidad Científica del Sur, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Lima, Perú
| | - Vicente Aránguiz
- Universidad de los Andes, Faculty of Dentistry, Cariology Unit, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Alberto Feldens
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Sachdev PK, Freeland-Graves J, Babaei M, Sanjeevi N, Zamora AB, Wright GJ. Associations Between Diet Quality and Dental Caries in Low-Income Women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:2251-2259. [PMID: 33992584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) is a diet quality measure of conformity of diet to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This tool is being used increasingly to assess relationships between diet quality and health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to investigate the relationships between diet quality as measured by HEI-2015 total and component scores and Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) scores in low-income women. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, low-income women were administered questionnaires and dental examinations on 1 occasion. The questionnaires included demographics, food frequency, and oral health questionnaires, and the US Adult Food Security Survey Module. PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS Participants in this study were part of a larger research project-Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Dental Caries in Low-Income Women. For the larger research project, a total of 255 women aged 18 to 50 years with annual income <250% of the Federal Poverty Line were recruited from low-income housing units in Central Texas from June 1, 2018 to December 30, 2018. Of the 255 women, 28 underwent dental screenings but did not complete the questionnaires. Seven women were excluded because energy intakes exceeded 4,000 kcal/d. The final sample for the current analysis was 220 women who had completed their dental examinations and provided complete data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The exposure was diet quality and the main outcome measure was DMFT score. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Dental caries scores were calculated by addition of decayed, missing, and filled teeth. Descriptive statistics were conducted on the variables of age, race and ethnicity, education, annual household income, food security status, and frequency of brushing and flossing. Linear regression analysis was used to discern relationships between diet quality-as assessed by HEI-2015 total and component scores-and dental caries experience, adjusting for the covariates. RESULTS Caries in permanent teeth was present in 95.6% of participants. HEI-2015 total scores were inversely associated with dental caries. An increase of 1 point in total HEI-2015 score was accompanied by a decrease in DMFT score by 0.569 (P = .001). In addition, component scores for total vegetables (P = .001), greens and beans (P = .002), dairy (P = .004), refined grains (P = .001), and added sugars (P = .001) were inversely related to DMFT scores. CONCLUSIONS This research suggests that diet quality, as measured by the HEI-2015, is inversely associated with DMFT scores in low-income women. Future research is needed to investigate the influence of diet and nutrition on the integrity of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prageet K Sachdev
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Jeanne Freeland-Graves
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
| | - Mahsa Babaei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Namrata Sanjeevi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Annemarie B Zamora
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:237. [PMID: 33947387 PMCID: PMC8097819 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries risk factors have been expanded to not only emphasize biology, dietary and oral habits but also broader social determinants such as socioeconomic factors and the utilization of health services. The aim was to review sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries in children residing in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database and Google Scholar to identify studies published from 2000 to 2019 covering children using key search terms. In the initial stages, titles, abstracts and, if needed, full articles were screened for eligibility. In the final stage, all included articles were reassessed and read, and relevant data were extracted. Results Out of 600 initial articles, a total of 77 were included in this review, of which 74 were cross-sectional, 2 were longitudinal and one was a case–control study. The studies included a total of 94,491 participants in 14 countries across the MENA region. A majority used the World Health Organization scoring system to assess dental caries. The caries prevalence ranged between 17.2% and 88.8%, early childhood caries between 3% and 57% and decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) varied between 0.6 and 8.5 across the various age groups. Increased age, low maternal education, low overall socioeconomic status, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, low parental involvement, poor oral habits, infant feeding practices and sugar consumption were among the most prevalent determinants for increased risk of caries in the reviewed studies. Conclusions Dental caries was found to be high among children in many of the studies published from MENA. The key determinants of dental caries were found to include factors related to child characteristics, family background, oral hygiene and infant feeding and eating habits. The high dental caries prevalence emphasises the need to address the prevailing modifiable sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants by translating them into effective oral health prevention policies and programmes.
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The Influence of Age on the Development of Dental Caries in Children. A Radiographic Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081702. [PMID: 33920901 PMCID: PMC8071245 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic disease that can be influenced by a multitude of factors. Poor oral hygiene and unhealthy eating habits are the most incriminating factors in the onset of dental caries, but age has been proven to impact the disease. The aim of this study was to find correlations between age and the evolution of dental caries in the first permanent molars in children. The retrospective study was conducted based on 400 panoramic radiographs, belonging to Romanian children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. All first permanent molars were investigated, and the carious lesions were classified according to their depth. The chronological age was calculated by subtracting the patient's date of birth from the date when the radiograph was performed, while for the assessment of dental age, the Demirjian method was used. The gender of the patients did not significantly influence the number of superficial, medium, and deep carious lesions. Most of the identified carious lesions were superficial. Regarding correlations between age and dental caries, there was an association between the decrease in the chronological age and the increase in the number of superficial carious lesions on the first permanent molars and also an association between the increase in the chronological age or dental age and the increase in the number of medium and deep carious lesions on the first permanent molars. Age can impact the development of dental caries in first permanent molars.
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Hernández-F M, Cantoral A, Colchero MA. Taxes to Unhealthy Food and Beverages and Oral Health in Mexico: An Observational Study. Caries Res 2021; 55:183-192. [PMID: 33853058 DOI: 10.1159/000515223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2014, taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and nonessential energy-dense food were implemented in Mexico to discourage the consumption of these products. Published evaluations have shown reductions in purchases of taxed food and beverages associated with the implementation of this fiscal policy. Although there are some studies on the impact on health based on simulation studies, no evaluations with empirical data on changes in oral health have been published. We used administrative records and data from an epidemiological surveillance system to estimate changes in (1) outpatient visits related to dental caries; (2) having experienced dental caries: Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) >0 for permanent dentition or dmft >0 for primary dentition (dmft); (3) number of teeth with caries experience (DMFT and dmft), (4) cases with DMFT >0 or dmft >0, and (5) the series of mean DMFT or dmft, associated with the taxes. We estimated probit and negative binomial models for outcomes at individual level, and interrupted time series analysis for population-level outcomes. The implementation of the taxes was associated with negative changes in the trends of outpatient visits, as well as for cases with DMFT >0, dmft >0 and mean DMFT. Taxes were also associated with a lower probability of having experienced dental caries and with a lower number of teeth with caries experience in the samples studied. Our results suggest positive impacts of the implementation of taxes on unhealthy food and beverages in the oral health of Mexicans, which are the first health benefits observed, and add to the health benefits predicted by modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Hernández-F
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - M Arantxa Colchero
- Center for Health Systems Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Chukwumah NM, Alade M, Oginni O, Mapayi B, Arowolo O, Sam-Agudu NA. Individual and familial factors associated with caries and gingivitis among adolescents resident in a semi-urban community in South-Western Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:166. [PMID: 33771136 PMCID: PMC8004454 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We describe the prevalence, and individual and familial risk indicators for dental caries and gingivitis among 10–19-year-old adolescents in Ile-Ife, South-West Nigeria. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data through household surveys conducted between December 2018 and January 2019. Adolescents were recruited through multistage sampling. Oral health outcomes were caries, measured by the ‘Decayed, Missing due to caries, and Filled Teeth’ (DMFT) index, and gingivitis, measured by the Loe and Silness gingival index. Explanatory variables were individual (sex, age, oral health perception) and familial (socioeconomic status, birth rank, family size and parental living status) factors. Oral health behaviors (daily tooth-brushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, consuming refined carbohydrates in-between meals, use of dental floss, dental service utilization in past 12 months, and smoking habits) were treated as confounders. Poisson regression models with robust estimation were constructed to determine associations between explanatory factors and oral health outcomes. Results A total of 1472 adolescents were surveyed. Caries prevalence was 3.4%, with mean (standard deviation) DMFT of 0.06 (0.36) and plaque index of 0.84 (0.56). Only 128 (8.7%) adolescents brushed their teeth twice daily, 192 (16.1%) used dental floss daily, 14 (1.1%) utilized dental services in the last 12 months, and 508 (36.1%) consumed refined carbohydrates in-between meals less than once daily. The proportion of respondents who currently smoked cigarettes was 1.6%, and 91.7% of respondents used fluoridated toothpaste daily. The adjusted prevalence ratio of having caries increased by 18% for every additional age-year (APR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.004, 1.34). Additionally, participants with high socioeconomic status had significantly lower prevalence of caries compared to those with lower status (APR: 0.40; 95% CI 0.17, 0.91). Moderate/severe gingivitis was significantly associated with higher frequency of consuming refined carbohydrates in-between meals (APR: 2.33; 95% CI 1.36, 3.99) and higher plaque index scores (APR: 16.24; 95% CI 9.83, 26.82). Conclusion Caries prevalence increased with increasing age and was higher among Nigerian adolescents with low socioeconomic status, while moderate/severe gingivitis was associated with frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates and higher plaque index score. While behavioral interventions may reduce the risk of gingivitis, structural interventions may be needed to reduce the risk for caries in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Michael Alade
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Oginni
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Boladale Mapayi
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Arowolo
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Nadia A Sam-Agudu
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.,Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Usuga-Vacca M, Marin-Zuluaga DJ, Castellanos JE, Martignon S. Association between root/coronal caries and individual factors in institutionalised elderly using ICDAS severity and activity. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:146. [PMID: 33752655 PMCID: PMC7986499 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caries in the elderly has been associated with dependence, oral-health status and -care practices. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between root/coronal caries and individual factors among institutionalised elderly people in Bogotá, Colombia, using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System severity and activity criteria (ICDAS).
Methods A total of 226 institutionalised elderly were clinically examined for root and coronal caries in 40 institutions. Caries risk was assessed with Cariogram, and demographics, oral health knowledge and practices, oral health-related quality of life and denture-use habits using a questionnaire. Results Participants (mean age: 80.1 ± 9.3 years; 63.7% female) presented a mean number of 10.8 ± 7.3 teeth and 19.4 ± 18.8 exposed root surfaces. Prevalence of Coronal-ICDAS caries experience (C-ICDAS DF) was of 100% and of 54.4% for C-ICDAS D; mean number of C-ICDAS DFS was 16.76 ± 27.36, with 50.9% of subjects having ≥ one active C-ICDAS DS. Prevalence of Root Caries Index was of 49.1% and of R-ICDAS DF of 46%; mean number of R-ICDAS DFS was 2.03 ± 2.78, with 40.3% of subjects having ≥ one active R-ICDAS DS. Most individuals had a systemic condition (94.2%) and required oral-hygiene assistance (58%). Logistic regression analyses showed significant associations (p < 0.05): for coronal active caries when having over six teeth (OR: 2.7), and for root caries, when having coronal caries (OR: 2.41), being a man (OR: 1.95), and having over 14 teeth (OR: 0.30). Those presenting with > eight exposed root surfaces were 4.04 more likely to have root caries and 2.4 times more likely to have active root caries. Conclusion In the institutionalised elderly population in Bogotá significant associations were found, both for the presence as for the activity status of root and coronal caries, with individual clinical factors including coronal caries, exposed root surfaces and number of teeth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01520-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Usuga-Vacca
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra. 9 No. 131 A - 02, 110121, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dairo Javier Marin-Zuluaga
- Research Group in Gerodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Stefania Martignon
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Universidad El Bosque, Av. Cra. 9 No. 131 A - 02, 110121, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Wang X, Bernabe E, Pitts N, Zheng S, Gallagher JE. Dental caries thresholds among adolescents in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, 2013 at 12, and 15 years: implications for epidemiology and clinical care. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:137. [PMID: 33740952 PMCID: PMC7980596 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is the most prevalent condition globally. Despite improvements over the past few decades, there remains a significant disease burden in childhood. Epidemiological surveys provide insight to disease patterns and trends, and have traditionally focused on obvious decay which are inconsistent with contemporary clinical criteria. This study examined the distribution of dental caries in 12- and 15-year-olds in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, by severity threshold, at surface, tooth and child level and explored its association with socioeconomic, psychological and behavioural factors. METHODS Data from 12- and 15-year-olds in the 2013 Children's Dental Health Survey (CDHS 2013) were analysed at three levels, taking account of dental caries thresholds which involved recording both clinical decay [visual enamel caries (AV) and above] and obvious decay [non-cavitated dentine lesions (2V) and above]. Negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with dental caries experience at both thresholds. RESULTS The prevalence and severity of dental caries experience was higher among 15-year-olds at all levels. Visual change in enamel (AV) was by far the most common stage of caries recorded in both ages. The average number of surfaces with obvious decay experience, which has been the traditional epidemiological threshold, in 12- and 15-year-olds was 2.3 and 3.9 respectively. The corresponding values under the clinical decay threshold were higher, at 3.9 and 5.9 respectively. Visualisation of the distribution of dental caries at surface/tooth-level exhibited horizontal symmetry and to a lesser extent vertical symetry. In the adjusted models for both ages, country/region, school type, area deprivation, high frequency sugar consumption and irregular dental attendance were associated with greater caries experience in both groups. Dental anxiety was inversely associated with caries experience among 15-year-olds. CONCLUSION This research highlights the importance of recognising dental caries patterns by surface, tooth and child-level amongst adolescents and the value of reporting dental caries distribution by threshold in epidemiological surveys, including its relevance for clinical care. Inclusion of enamel caries reveals the extent of caries management required at a point when non-invasive care is possible, emphasising the importance of prevention through contemporary primary care, which includes supporting self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Eduardo Bernabe
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Nigel Pitts
- Centre for Clinical and Translational Research, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jennifer E Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
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Reasons for Permanent Teeth Extractions and Related Factors among Adult Patients in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:5534455. [PMID: 33688305 PMCID: PMC7920728 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5534455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the reasons for permanent teeth extractions and related factors among adult patients visiting dental clinics in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included data of patients who underwent teeth extractions. Data were collected from public and private dental clinics in different cities of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia (January-March 2020). The demographic information of patients and their reasons for teeth extractions were obtained from participating dentists. Results The study included data of 696 patients with 55.9% of males and 44.1% of females. The mean number of teeth extractions in the sample was 1.86 ± 1.8, and it increased significantly with advancing age (P ≤ 0.001). Saudi (1.97 ± 1.98) versus non-Saudi patients (1.55 ± 1.11) (P=0.02) and patients in public practice (2.03 ± 1.95) versus patients in private practice (1.50 ± 1.38) (P ≤ 0.001) showed significantly higher teeth extractions. Dental caries was the most common reason for teeth extractions (49.1%), followed by remaining roots (18.5%), periodontal disease (18.4%), and impactions (7.2%). Most commonly extracted teeth included tooth # 30 (9.8%), followed by tooth #16 (9.6%), tooth # 1 (8.8%), tooth # 19 (8.3%), and tooth # 4 (8.3%). On the other hand, upper incisors were the least commonly extracted teeth. Conclusions Dental caries, remaining roots, periodontal disease, and impactions were the most common reasons for teeth extractions in our sample of patients. The extractions increased significantly with increasing age. Saudis and patients in public clinics underwent significantly higher teeth extractions. Measures aimed at the prevention and treatment of oral conditions can help reduce teeth extractions and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Caúla AL, Pierro VSDS, Santos MPAD, Bundzman ER, Branco Júnior JDS, Tavares LHS. Dental Status of Firefighters of Rio de Janeiro State and Comparison with Brazilian Oral Health Surveys. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
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Cantoral A, Muñoz-Rocha TV, Luna-Villa L, Mantilla-Rodriguez A, Ureña-Cirett JL, Castiblanco GA, Solano M, Howard HH, Peterson KE, Téllez-Rojo MM, Martínez-Mier EA. Association of Dietary Fluoride Intake and Diet Variables with Dental Caries in Adolescents from the ELEMENT Cohort Study. Caries Res 2021; 55:88-98. [PMID: 33535210 PMCID: PMC9944613 DOI: 10.1159/000511699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the association of dietary fluoride intake, total carbohydrate consumption and other key dietary variables with dental caries experience among adolescents, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a sample of 402 participants from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants cohort. The presence and severity of dental caries were assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) to calculate the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth or surfaces (D1MFT/D4MFT). The dietary intake of fluoride, energy, carbohydrates, and food groups was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and negative binomial regression models were run to estimate the association of fluoride intake (mg/day) and total carbohydrate intake (g/day) with the D1MFT/D4MFT index. We found that 80% of the adolescents experienced dental caries (D1MFT >0), with 30% presenting cavitated lesions (D4MFT >0). The mean scores for D1MFT and D4MFT were 6.2 (SD 5.3) and 0.67 (SD 1.3), respectively. The median intake of fluoride estimated by the FFQ was 0.015 mg/kg/day. This intake was statistically higher in participants with a D4MFT = 0 compared to those with a D4MFT >0 (0.90 vs. 0.82 mg/day; 0.016 vs. 0.014 mg/kg/day; p < 0.05). For D1MFT, D1MFS, D4MFT, and D4MFS scores, a higher fluoride consumption (mg/day) from foods and beverages was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the number of lesions. The reported frequency of consumption of sugary foods in a whole day was statistically higher in those with D1MFT >0 than in those with D1MFT = 0 (p < 0.05). The total carbohydrate intake (g/day) was positively associated with dental caries experience. We conclude that a higher fluoride intake through foods and beverages is associated with a lower dental caries experience among adolescents; this effect was seen even when the dietary intake of fluoride was 0.015 mg/kg/day, which is lower than the average intake recommendation. In contrast, a higher total carbohydrate intake and the frequency of intake of sugary foods were associated with a higher dental caries experience, with no apparent threshold for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Teresa V. Muñoz-Rocha
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lynda Luna-Villa
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Andres Mantilla-Rodriguez
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Gina A. Castiblanco
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maritsa Solano
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hu H Howard
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA,School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Esperanza A. Martínez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Badr F, Sabbah W. Inequalities in Untreated Root Caries and Affordability of Dental Services among Older American Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8523. [PMID: 33212971 PMCID: PMC7698597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing geriatric population is facing numerous economic challenges and oral health changes. This study explores the relationship between affordability of dental care and untreated root caries among older American adults, and whether that relationship is independent of ethnicity and socioeconomic factors. Data from 1776 adults (65 years or older) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. The association between affordability of dental care and untreated root caries was assessed using logistic regression models. Findings indicated that untreated root caries occurred in 42.5% of those who could not afford dental care, and 14% of those who could afford dental care. Inability to afford dental care remained a statistically significant predictor of untreated root caries in the fully adjusted regression model (odds ratio 2.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.78, 4.39). Other statistically significant predictors were gender (male), infrequent dental visits, and current smoking. The study concludes that the inability to afford dental care was the strongest predictor of untreated root caries among older Americans. The findings highlight the problems with access to and use of much needed dental services by older adults. Policy reform should facilitate access to oral healthcare by providing an alternative coverage for dental care, or by alleviating the financial barrier imposed on older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Badr
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Dental Public Health, King’s College London, Denmark Hill Campus, 2nd Floor Dental Extension, Bessemer Road, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Dental Public Health, King’s College London, Denmark Hill Campus, 2nd Floor Dental Extension, Bessemer Road, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
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Madera M, Bernabé E. Estimating the prevalence of untreated caries in permanent teeth from the DMF index and lifetime caries prevalence. J Public Health Dent 2020; 81:143-149. [PMID: 33146408 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To derive formulas to estimate the prevalence of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth based on the DMF index and lifetime caries prevalence. METHODS Data from participants, aged 5 years or older, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016 were analyzed. Dental caries was assessed at surface level with the Radike criteria, which matches the case definition of the Global Burden of Disease study. Participants' data were aggregated into 438 groups, based on survey strata and 5-year age brackets, to produce population estimates for the prevalence of untreated caries (DT > 0), DMFT, DMFS, DT, DS, and lifetime caries prevalence (DMFT>0). Conversion formulas were derived using fractional polynomials to characterize the association of each caries indicator with the prevalence of untreated caries. RESULTS The mean prevalence of untreated caries was 23.5 percent (SD: 12.9 percent, range: 1.0-72.3 percent). After adjustment for age, the prevalence of untreated caries was correlated with DMFT (r = 0.23), DMFS (r = 0.25), DT (r = 0.74), DS (r = 0.65) and lifetime caries prevalence (r = 0.18). Using fractional polynomial models adjusted for categorical age, the prevalence of untreated caries at population level could be estimated from DMFT with power 1 (linear form), DMFS with power 0.5, DT with power 0.5, DS with powers (0.5; 1) and lifetime caries prevalence with power 1. CONCLUSION The prevalence of untreated caries in permanent teeth can be estimated from the DMF index and lifetime caries prevalence. These conversion formulas can facilitate the inclusion of more studies in estimation of the global burden of untreated caries in permanent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisser Madera
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Kim ES, Kim BI, Jung HI. Age, period and cohort trends in oral health status in South Korean adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 49:136-143. [PMID: 33084178 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify the age, period and cohort effects on the changes in oral health status in South Koreans. METHODS The age, period and cohort analysis (APC analysis) of the oral health status was conducted using an aggregated age-by-time period table. The age-by-time period table was formulated using data from the Korea National Oral Health Survey (KNOHS) 2000 and 2006, and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010 and 2015. Two oral health outcomes were measured: the number of teeth and Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Descriptive analysis by graphical representation and partial least square (PLS) regression was used for APC analysis. RESULTS Both graphical description and PLS regression showed age and cohort effects in oral health status with the number of teeth decreasing and the DMFT index increasing with age. No period effects were found in either index. The number of teeth increased in the recent birth cohorts. However, the DMFT index showed a reverse J-shaped trend, which worsened in recent birth cohorts. The DMFT index increase in the recent cohort was mainly attributed by an increase in the FT index. CONCLUSIONS The effects of age on the number of teeth and caries highlight the importance of oral health in adulthood. The increased caries experience in recent cohorts may indicate the limitations of the current oral health policy. It would be relevant to explore what determinants cause the changes in oral health status. Future oral health policies should address the new directions to reduce the burden of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Soo Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek-Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoi In Jung
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Chevalier V, Le Fur Bonnabesse A, Duncan HF. Frightened of the pulp? A qualitative analysis of undergraduate student confidence and stress during the management of deep caries and the exposed pulp. Int Endod J 2020; 54:130-146. [PMID: 32867001 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate sources of student confidence and stress during the management of deep carious lesions and the exposed pulp during undergraduate clinics. Further aims were to identify barriers and facilitators, which could result in educational or practical improvements in the delivery of teaching and provision of treatment in this area. METHODOLOGY A exploratory qualitative study design was used, based on recorded focus group interviews, guided by 12 predetermined questions. The discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed by inductive qualitative content analysis. Common categories were identified to aid understanding. Forty undergraduate dental students from 4th and 5th years in Dublin Dental University Hospital participated in the study. RESULTS Student stress and confidence were multifactorial and broadly linked to specific domains: clinical procedure, academic education, clinical training, evaluation/grading, organization and equipment, vital pulp biomaterial and the patient. Most students expressed a preference for one-stage selective carious removal to soft dentine rather than potential pulp exposure in deep carious lesions, noting that although it helped to decrease their immediate stress, it also caused longer-term concern by leaving caries close to the pulp. Nevertheless, their confidence was affected by limited clinical experience of carrying out selective removal procedures in deep caries. A recurrent finding was students citing high levels of stress after pulp exposure. Feelings including anger, fear, embarrassment and denial were associated with pulp exposure during deep caries management. Generally, the students felt able to manage pulp capping procedures, but were less certain about partial pulpotomy, suggesting that although they are aware of its advantages, they were unsure about the appropriate volume of pulp tissue to remove. To reduce stress, students suggested that laboratory teaching should employ new 3-D printed solutions and clinics should establish clear consensus amongst supervising teachers about the best way to manage the exposed pulp. CONCLUSIONS Students lacked confidence as they neared the pulp and prefer selective caries removal techniques, which reduce the likelihood of pulp exposure. Students identified stressors and suggested improvements in several domains that would improve confidence. These ameliorations could lead to enhancements in student ability to perform these conservative techniques, and improve the provision of treatment in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chevalier
- Brest University Hospital, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.,UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.,Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Le Fur Bonnabesse
- Brest University Hospital, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.,LIEN, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - H F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Correlation of Caries Prevalence, Oral Health Behavior and Sweets Nutritional Habits among 10 to 19-Year-Old Cluj-Napoca Romanian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186923. [PMID: 32971957 PMCID: PMC7558728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The primary oral disease during adolescence is dental caries. Less is known about the caries prevalence, oral health behavior, and sweets nutritional habits in Romanian adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess the actual caries prevalence among Romanian adolescents in a representative area of Romania, Cluj, and to correlate with oral hygiene behaviors and dietary sugary foods intake. Materials and methods: We have done a cross-sectional study of 650 adolescents aged 10 to 19-years-old (average age 15.3 ± 2.8). We performed the oral dental examination according to the WHO methodology, calculated the number of decayed, missing (due to caries), and filled teeth (DMFT index), assessed the oral hygiene and dietary behaviors using a two-section valid questionnaire and statistically analyzed the interrelation between DMFT, oral hygiene and eating behaviors by multivariate statistical analysis. Results: (a) The caries prevalence in the adolescent population enrolled in the study was 95.5%; (b) the mean DMFT was 3.13 ± 2.0, without significant differences between the urban and rural adolescents (p = 0.253); lower in females than males (p < 0.050), (c) more than one third (33.7%, n = 219) of teenagers are seldom or never brush their teeth in the evening; (c) 40.6% of adolescents are missing the regular annual dental check-ups leading to an increased DMFT as shown in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.038); and (d) there is an increased prevalence of caries with age (p = 0.020), and with sugary sweetened beverages consumption (p = 0.028). Conclusions: Our study evidenced a persistent high caries prevalence in Romanian teenagers. Their dietary habits and irregular dental check-up were associated with the occurrence of dental conditions.
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Zaror C, Muñoz-Millán P, Espinoza-Espinoza G, Vergara-González C, Martínez-Zapata MJ. Cost-effectiveness of adding fluoride varnish to a preventive protocol for early childhood caries in rural children with no access to fluoridated drinking water. J Dent 2020; 98:103374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Voruganti S, Haricharan PB, Mudrakola DP, Turagam N. Reliability of Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Tool in the Indian Subcontinent. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:410-414. [PMID: 33042881 PMCID: PMC7523936 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_217_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis, reporting of caries and its consequences, is absolute mandate for planning an efficient, effective community health-care program. Literature reports indicate shortcomings of existing caries assessment tools. Caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST) is novice caries quantification tool, which quantifies the entire spectrum of carious lesions. This tool records give an insight into the status of restorations along with various progressive developmental stages of dental caries. This instrument has been validated for face, content, and construct by an expert group, and currently, its usage is on the rise. AIM The aim of this study was to report the reliability of this assessment tool with regard to the primary and permanent dentition of school children and adults belonging to a south Indian district. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out by two trained and calibrated examiners by examining 192 school children in the age-group between 4 and 6 years and 262 adults between 19 and 69 years. The study sample was reexamined by the same examiners after a gap of 4 weeks. The κ coefficient values and percent of agreement were calculated for the data recorded from the study subjects. RESULTS The analyzed data showed moderate intra-examiner and inter-examiner reproducibility for either of the dentition as revealed by κ coefficient values (0.80-0.89). Inter- or intra-examiner agreement was found to be substantial to almost perfect (percent agreement above 90%) with respect to both the age-groups. CONCLUSION The CAST tool seems quite promising to be the future for quantifying caries spectrum for a community or an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivas Voruganti
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
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Östberg AL, Petzold M. A longitudinal study of the impact of change in socioeconomic status on dental caries in the permanent dentition of Swedish children and adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:271-279. [PMID: 32337750 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The overall aim was to analyse longitudinally the development of dental caries in the permanent dentition of children and adolescents in a Swedish region, in relation to possible change in socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS A total of 259 448 individuals in western Sweden were followed over a 3-year period, through dental journal records at baseline (3-19-year-olds) and 1-3 dental check-ups during the follow-up period. Official socioeconomic register information (ethnicity, wealth, parental education and employment) was available at both baseline and follow-up. Data were used both as independent single variables and combined in an index. Gender, age and caries status at baseline and the examination years were included as covariates in the regression models. RESULTS Associations over time were found between SES and dental caries in young people. A persistently low SES was associated with the greatest risk of both new and accumulated (decayed plus filled teeth/approximal surfaces) caries; however, any change in SES, whether improved or worsened, led to a greater risk. An increased risk of new caries events was identified for those who were older at baseline and by examination year. On average, the increase per year in decayed and/or filled teeth and in approximal surfaces was 0.23 and 0.12, respectively. CONCLUSION SES was shown to be an important risk factor for dental caries over time in young Swedish people. Prevention programmes should pay particular attention to the needs of socioeconomically vulnerable individuals and groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Östberg
- Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Max Petzold
- Health Metrics Unit, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Albright DL, Godfrey K, McDaniel JT, Fletcher KL, Thomas KH, Bertram J, Cobb DI, Stephens TM. Oral health among student veterans: Effects on mental and physical health. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:263-270. [PMID: 30681941 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1540985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore differences in oral health among students by military service status in postsecondary settings. Participants: Secondary data were obtained from the American College Health Association's 2011-2014 National College Health Assessment II. Method: Demographic characteristics of the study sample were explored by calculating frequencies and percentages by military service status. Research questions were explored with maximum likelihood multiple logistic regression. Results: Service member and veteran students are at greater risk for neglecting health behaviors associated with positive oral health, including that they were less likely to get dental exams and that those who deployed in the past were the least likely to be practicing good oral health. Conclusions: The results suggest that improving oral health will contribute to improving health and mental health outcomes in this population, and provide important information for health specialists working with service members and veterans on college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Albright
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Kelli Godfrey
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Justin T McDaniel
- Department of Public Health & Recreation Professions, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Kari L Fletcher
- St. Catherine University-University of St. Thomas School of Social Work, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Kate H Thomas
- College of Health Sciences, Charleston Southern University, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica Bertram
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Dustin I Cobb
- Adult Protection Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teresa M Stephens
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Mačiulskienė V, Razmienė J, Andruškevičienė V, Bendoraitienė E. Estimation of Caries Treatment Needs in First Permanent Molars of Lithuanian 5-6-Year-Old Children, Based on Caries Lesion Activity Assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56030105. [PMID: 32131417 PMCID: PMC7142526 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Early detection of dental caries lesions at active stages of development can facilitate their monitoring and reduce needs for restorative dental care. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and caries treatment needs in first permanent molars of pre-school children, based on a caries lesion activity assessment, and in relation to participants’ ages, dental plaque levels and toothbrushing habits. Materials and Methods: Large cross-sectional dental caries survey using multistage cluster sampling was conducted among Lithuanian 4–6-year-old children attending kindergartens. For the present study purpose, all individuals presenting erupted permanent molars were selected. Thus, only 5–6-year-olds (n = 453) took part in this study. They were examined for caries by one calibrated examiner using Nyvad clinical diagnostic criteria that differentiate between active and inactive caries lesions. Dental plaque was assessed by the Silness-Löe index, and parents’ reports about toothbrushing frequency were collected. Results: Overall, 41% of permanent molars were affected by caries; 6-year-olds had more caries lesions than 5-year-olds (p < 0.05). Mean number of decayed and filled surfaces (DF-S) of all participants was 1.79 (SD 2.93), half of lesions were noncavitated, more than one-third were cavitated and fillings comprised less than one surface per child. Majority of lesions were active; prevalence of inactive lesions (all noncavitated) was 1% and 6% in 5- and 6-year-olds, respectively. Prevalence of active lesions increased with age; it correlated with plaque levels and with toothbrushing frequency (<0.001). Likelihood to detect active lesions was up to nine times higher in teeth with abundant plaque (odds ratio (OR) 8.73; confidence interval (CI) 5.35–14.25), and up to seven times higher in individuals brushing teeth irregularly (OR 6.88; CI 2.21–21.41). Conclusions: The obtained data indicate high treatment needs in the erupted permanent molars of the Lithuanian pre-school population and imply that caries management should primarily focus on improved biofilm removal, accompanied with regular use of fluoridated toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Mačiulskienė
- Department of Dental and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-37-32-66-81
| | - Jaunė Razmienė
- Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50106 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.R.); (V.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Vilija Andruškevičienė
- Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50106 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.R.); (V.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Eglė Bendoraitienė
- Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50106 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.R.); (V.A.); (E.B.)
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Al Rawahi SH, Asimakopoulou K, Masood M, Al Bulushi NM, Al Yaqoobi KH, Newton JT. The Psychological Models of Health-related Behavior in Understanding Sugars Intake in Adults: A Review. Oman Med J 2020; 35:e114. [PMID: 32308991 PMCID: PMC7151060 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free sugars intake plays a major role in dental caries formation and other general health issues such as obesity. Therefore, interventions, which assist individuals or populations in the control of their free sugars intake, are of central importance in caries prevention strategies. There is good evidence that behavioral interventions benefit from a foundation in conceptual theories of behavior change founded on empirical data. In this review, we discuss the future application of seven theories, including six common psychological theories in predicting and developing interventions to reduce free sugars intake related to dental caries among adults. For each model, we summarize its key features and the data derived from its application in general and oral health settings and make recommendations for future research. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, PubMed, and Embase databases to identify items dealing with dental caries, adults, sugars intake, and six psychological theories. These included the Transtheoretical Model of Change, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, PRIME Theory, and Behavior Change Wheel theories. We searched literature published in the last 10 years, and priority was given to systematic reviews and randomized control trials. Although there is extensive literature on the application of the six psychological theories, there is a gap in knowledge about their effectiveness in reducing free sugars intake related to dental caries among adults. There is a need for better-designed trials of interventions based on the clear operationalization of psychological constructs to reduce sugars intake among the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koula Asimakopoulou
- Department of Population and Patient Health, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mohd Masood
- Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Jonathon Timothy Newton
- Department of Population and Patient Health, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
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Pauliina U, Jakob P, Joda T, Weiger R, Matti M, Tuomas W. Oral disorders in patients with newly diagnosed haematological diseases. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3085-3091. [PMID: 31897707 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine saliva flow rates and prevalence of dental and periodontal diseases of patients with newly diagnosed severe haematological diseases and compare these findings with age-matched controls of normal population. METHODS A total of 149 patients diagnosed with haematological diseases aimed to be treated with haematological stem cell transplantation between 2008 and 2018 and 154 controls were included in the study. A dental examination was performed for patients within a maximum of 6 months after diagnosis. Differences were compared in terms of the stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR); decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index; number of teeth; caries prevalence; presence of periodontitis and acute infections. RESULTS The mean SSFR of the patient group was significantly lower (1.1 ml/min ± 0.7 ml/min) than the mean SSFR of the controls (1.3 ml/min ± 0.5 ml/min; p = 0.004). The number of caries lesions was significantly higher in the patient group (mean ± SD, 1.1 ± 1.9) than in the control group (mean ± SD, 0.4 ± 1.2; p < 0.001). There were fewer teeth and a higher DMFT index in the patient group compared to the control group, but the differences were not significant. Acute symptomatic infections were observed in eight (5.4%) patients and in none of the controls (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral examinations in patients with newly diagnosed severe haematological disease demonstrated a higher prevalence of caries, acute infections and lower mean SSFR compared with the controls. These findings support the recommendations for early dental examination at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uutela Pauliina
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Passweg Jakob
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Joda
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, UZB University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Weiger
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, UZB University Center for Dental Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mauramo Matti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLab, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Waltimo Tuomas
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
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Ledder RG, Latimer J, Buzza KM, Haddad GS, Wilson RA, Sreenivasan PK, McBain AJ. A rapid chair-side method for the estimation of oral bacterial colonization density. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:884-892. [PMID: 31758734 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Caries and periodontal disease are associated with inadequate control of oral bacteria. Since conventional microbiological evaluations are impractical in dental clinics or public engagement activities, a rapid test for the quantification of oral bacteria represents a useful tool. We describe the development of a colour change test to rapidly estimate bacterial colonisation density in the mouth. METHODS AND RESULTS Volunteers rinsed with milk or milkshake. Viability indicators were added and colour changes quantified during incubation. Using milkshake and the resazurin-based solution PrestoBlue (9% v/v), the method distinguished between samples before and after brushing within 5 min. Colour changes were quantified and viable counts were obtained using oral rinses. Measured colour changes strongly correlated with total counts of both anaerobes and streptococci (Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0·782 and 0·769, respectively, P ≤ 0·001) and with perceived changes, as determined by volunteers (n = 10) visually ranking images. CONCLUSIONS The resazurin milkshake test can rapidly and visually quantify viable bacteria in oral samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The resazurin milkshake test could serve as a sensitive semi-quantitative method for measuring oral bacteria in human oral rinse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Ledder
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Latimer
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K M Buzza
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G S Haddad
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R A Wilson
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - A J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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AlQobaly L, Sabbah W. The association between periodontal disease and root/coronal caries. Int J Dent Hyg 2019; 18:99-106. [PMID: 31627259 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether there is an association between periodontal disease and each of root caries and coronal caries among adults (aged 35 and over), using a nationally representative sample of adults in England, Northern Ireland and Wales. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data from the Adult Dental Health Survey 2009 were used. Adults aged 35 years or older who had periodontal and caries assessment were included. Two sets of negative binomial regression were conducted for each of coronal caries and root caries adjusting for periodontal diseases, dental visits, country, sex, age, education, job classification, oral hygiene and smoking. RESULTS Overall, 4738 were included in the analysis. Periodontal disease was significantly associated with each of coronal and root caries. In the fully adjusted model, those with PD/ LoA ≥ 4 mm had 1.03 rate ratio (RR) for coronal caries (95% CI: 1.01-1.05). In the model pertaining to root caries, the RR for those with periodontitis was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.16-1.30). Smoking, sex, age and oral hygiene were the variables that showed a consistent and significant association with coronal and root caries. CONCLUSION Individuals with periodontal diseases appeared to be at higher risk of coronal and root caries. While root exposure could be a plausible explanation for the relationship between periodontitis and root caries, the association with coronal caries could be attributed to the irritation of carious cavities, or common risk factors such as poor oral hygiene, or co-occurrence of different health risk behaviours related to both caries and periodontitis and socioeconomic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina AlQobaly
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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50
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Watt RG, Daly B, Allison P, Macpherson LMD, Venturelli R, Listl S, Weyant RJ, Mathur MR, Guarnizo-Herreño CC, Celeste RK, Peres MA, Kearns C, Benzian H. Ending the neglect of global oral health: time for radical action. Lancet 2019; 394:261-272. [PMID: 31327370 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases are a major global public health problem affecting over 3·5 billion people. However, dentistry has so far been unable to tackle this problem. A fundamentally different approach is now needed. In this second of two papers in a Series on oral health, we present a critique of dentistry, highlighting its key limitations and the urgent need for system reform. In high-income countries, the current treatment-dominated, increasingly high-technology, interventionist, and specialised approach is not tackling the underlying causes of disease and is not addressing inequalities in oral health. In low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), the limitations of so-called westernised dentistry are at their most acute; dentistry is often unavailable, unaffordable, and inappropriate for the majority of these populations, but particularly the rural poor. Rather than being isolated and separated from the mainstream health-care system, dentistry needs to be more integrated, in particular with primary care services. The global drive for universal health coverage provides an ideal opportunity for this integration. Dental care systems should focus more on promoting and maintaining oral health and achieving greater oral health equity. Sugar, alcohol, and tobacco consumption, and their underlying social and commercial determinants, are common risk factors shared with a range of other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Coherent and comprehensive regulation and legislation are needed to tackle these shared risk factors. In this Series paper, we focus on the need to reduce sugar consumption and describe how this can be achieved through the adoption of a range of upstream policies designed to combat the corporate strategies used by the global sugar industry to promote sugar consumption and profits. At present, the sugar industry is influencing dental research, oral health policy, and professional organisations through its well developed corporate strategies. The development of clearer and more transparent conflict of interest policies and procedures to limit and clarify the influence of the sugar industry on research, policy, and practice is needed. Combating the commercial determinants of oral diseases and other NCDs should be a major policy priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Watt
- WHO Collaborating Centre in Oral Health Inequalities and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Blánaid Daly
- Division of Child and Public Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Allison
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lorna M D Macpherson
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Renato Venturelli
- WHO Collaborating Centre in Oral Health Inequalities and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Listl
- Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Section for Translational Health Economics, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert J Weyant
- Department of Dental Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Carol C Guarnizo-Herreño
- Departamento de Salud Colectiva, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Roger Keller Celeste
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco A Peres
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Cristin Kearns
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences and Philip R Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Habib Benzian
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Quality-Improvement, Evidence-Based Dentistry, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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