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Simovic MO, Bynum J, Liu B, Dalle Lucca JJ, Li Y. Impact of Immunopathy and Coagulopathy on Multi-Organ Failure and Mortality in a Lethal Porcine Model of Controlled and Uncontrolled Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2500. [PMID: 38473750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major preventable cause of death in patients with trauma. However, the majority of large animal models of hemorrhage have utilized controlled hemorrhage rather than uncontrolled hemorrhage to investigate the impact of immunopathy and coagulopathy on multi-organ failure (MOF) and mortality. This study evaluates these alterations in a severe porcine controlled and uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (HS) model. Anesthetized female swine underwent controlled hemorrhage and uncontrolled hemorrhage by partial splenic resection followed with or without lactated Ringer solution (LR) or Voluven® resuscitation. Swine were surveyed 6 h after completion of splenic hemorrhage or until death. Blood chemistry, physiologic variables, systemic and tissue levels of complement proteins and cytokines, coagulation parameters, organ function, and damage were recorded and assessed. HS resulted in systemic and local complement activation, cytokine release, hypocoagulopathy, metabolic acidosis, MOF, and no animal survival. Resuscitation with LR and Voluven® after HS improved hemodynamic parameters (MAP and SI), metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and survival but resulted in increased complement activation and worse coagulopathy. Compared with the LR group, the animals with hemorrhagic shock treated with Voluven® had worse dilutional anemia, coagulopathy, renal and hepatic dysfunction, increased myocardial complement activation and renal damage, and decreased survival rate. Hemorrhagic shock triggers early immunopathy and coagulopathy and appears associated with MOF and death. This study indicates that immunopathy and coagulopathy are therapeutic targets that may be addressed with a high-impact adjunctive treatment to conventional resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milomir O Simovic
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - James Bynum
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | | | - Yansong Li
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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2
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Yamaga S, Aziz M, Murao A, Brenner M, Wang P. DAMPs and radiation injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353990. [PMID: 38333215 PMCID: PMC10850293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The heightened risk of ionizing radiation exposure, stemming from radiation accidents and potential acts of terrorism, has spurred growing interests in devising effective countermeasures against radiation injury. High-dose ionizing radiation exposure triggers acute radiation syndrome (ARS), manifesting as hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and neurovascular ARS. Hematopoietic ARS typically presents with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, while gastrointestinal ARS results in intestinal mucosal injury, often culminating in lethal sepsis and gastrointestinal bleeding. This deleterious impact can be attributed to radiation-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress, leading to various forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis and ferroptosis. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intrinsic molecules released by cells undergoing injury or in the process of dying, either through passive or active pathways. These molecules then interact with pattern recognition receptors, triggering inflammatory responses. Such a cascade of events ultimately results in further tissue and organ damage, contributing to the elevated mortality rate. Notably, infection and sepsis often develop in ARS cases, further increasing the release of DAMPs. Given that lethal sepsis stands as a major contributor to the mortality in ARS, DAMPs hold the potential to function as mediators, exacerbating radiation-induced organ injury and consequently worsening overall survival. This review describes the intricate mechanisms underlying radiation-induced release of DAMPs. Furthermore, it discusses the detrimental effects of DAMPs on the immune system and explores potential DAMP-targeting therapeutic strategies to alleviate radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaga
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Atsushi Murao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Max Brenner
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
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3
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Li J, Xia H, Zhang D, Yao S. The pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of heat stroke-induced liver injury. Crit Care 2022; 26:391. [PMID: 36528615 PMCID: PMC9758799 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) is a life-threatening systemic disease characterized by an elevated core body temperature of more than 40 ℃ and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. With the growing frequency of global heatwaves, the incidence rate of HS has increased significantly, which has caused a huge burden on people's lives and health. Liver injury is a well-documented complication of HS and usually constitutes the direct cause of patient death. In recent years, a lot of research has been carried out on the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of HS-induced liver injury. In this review, we summarized the important pathogenesis of HS-induced liver injury that has been confirmed so far. In addition to the comprehensive effect of systemic factors such as heat cytotoxicity, coagulopathy, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, excessive hepatocyte cell pyroptosis, dysfunction of Kupffer cells, abnormal expression of heat shock protein expression, and other factors are also involved in the pathogenesis of HS-induced liver injury. Furthermore, we have also established the current therapeutic strategies for HS-induced liver injury. Our study is of great significance in promoting the understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of HS-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Jianhua Li
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Chongqing university Jiangjin hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Haifa Xia
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China ,grid.507952.c0000 0004 1764 577XWuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, 430023 China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
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4
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Andersson U, Yang H. HMGB1 is a critical molecule in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative sepsis. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2:156-166. [PMID: 36789020 PMCID: PMC9924014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), expressed on Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent pro-inflammatory toxin that induces inflammation and coagulation via two separate receptor systems. One is Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), expressed on cell surfaces and in endosomes, and the other is the cytosolic receptor caspase-11 (caspases-4 and -5 in humans). Extracellular LPS binds to high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, a cytokine-like molecule. The HMGB1-LPS complex is transported via receptor for advanced glycated end products (RAGE)-endocytosis to the endolysosomal system to reach the cytosolic LPS receptor caspase-11 to induce HMGB1 release, inflammation, and coagulation that may cause multi-organ failure. The insight that LPS needs HMGB1 assistance to generate severe inflammation has led to successful therapeutic results in preclinical Gram-negative sepsis studies targeting HMGB1. However, to date, no clinical studies have been performed based on this strategy. HMGB1 is also actively released by peripheral sensory nerves and this mechanism is fundamental for the initiation and propagation of inflammation during tissue injury. Homeostasis is achieved when other neurons actively restrict the inflammatory response via monitoring by the central nervous system and the vagus nerve through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The neuronal control in Gram-negative sepsis needs further studies since a deeper understanding of the interplay between HMGB1 and acetylcholine may have beneficial therapeutic implications. Herein, we review the synergistic overlapping mechanisms of LPS and HMGB1 and discuss future treatment opportunities in Gram-negative sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Ulf Andersson, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
| | - Huan Yang
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America
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5
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Smith AP, Creagh EM. Caspase-4 and -5 Biology in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919567. [PMID: 35712726 PMCID: PMC9194562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with high levels of inflammatory cytokine production. Human caspases-4 and -5, and their murine ortholog caspase-11, are essential components of the innate immune pathway, capable of sensing and responding to intracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria. Following their activation by LPS, these caspases initiate potent inflammation by causing pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death. While this pathway is essential for host defence against bacterial infection, it is also negatively associated with inflammatory pathologies. Caspases-4/-5/-11 display increased intestinal expression during IBD and have been implicated in chronic IBD inflammation. This review discusses the current literature in this area, identifying links between inflammatory caspase activity and IBD in both human and murine models. Differences in the expression and functions of caspases-4, -5 and -11 are discussed, in addition to mechanisms of their activation, function and regulation, and how these mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife P Smith
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma M Creagh
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Jin B, Li G, Zhou L, Fan Z. Mechanism Involved in Acute Liver Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924695. [PMID: 35694264 PMCID: PMC9185410 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a common pathophysiological process, which can occur in many conditions such as acute enteric ischemia, severe burns, small intestinal transplantation, etc,. Ischemia-reperfusion of the intestine is often accompanied by distal organ injury, especially liver injury. This paper outlined the signal pathways and cytokines involved in acute liver injury induced by intestinal I/R: the NF-κB Signaling Pathway, the P66shc Signaling Pathway, the HMGB1 Signaling Pathway, the Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway, the AMPK-SIRT-1 Signaling Pathway and other cytokines, providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of liver injury caused by reperfusion after intestinal I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Outpatient, the NO. 967 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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7
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High Mobility Group Box 1: Biological Functions and Relevance in Oxidative Stress Related Chronic Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050849. [PMID: 35269471 PMCID: PMC8909428 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early 1970s, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and named high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the most studied HMG protein that detects and coordinates cellular stress response. The biological function of HMGB1 depends on its subcellular localization and expression. It plays a critical role in the nucleus and cytoplasm as DNA chaperone, chromosome gatekeeper, autophagy maintainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death. HMGB1 also functions as an extracellular alarmin acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). Recent findings describe HMGB1 as a sophisticated signal of danger, with a pleiotropic function, which is useful as a clinical biomarker for several disorders. HMGB1 has emerged as a mediator in acute and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, HMGB1 targeting can induce beneficial effects on oxidative stress related diseases. This review focus on HMGB1 redox status, localization, mechanisms of release, binding with receptors, and its activities in different oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. Since a growing number of reports show the key role of HMGB1 in socially relevant pathological conditions, to our knowledge, for the first time, here we analyze the scientific literature, evaluating the number of publications focusing on HMGB1 in humans and animal models, per year, from 2006 to 2021 and the number of records published, yearly, per disease and category (studies on humans and animal models).
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8
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Dai Q, Xie D, Zhang C, Zhu L, Xu Y, Li K, Hao W, Yin H. Osthole Blocks HMGB1 Release From the Nucleus and Confers Protective Effects Against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2022; 12:735425. [PMID: 35002751 PMCID: PMC8727455 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.735425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is one of the main causes of renal injury. In severe cases with serious consequences, IR-related renal damage progresses rapidly and can even lead to acute renal failure. Its clinical treatment is currently difficult. According to various studies at home and abroad, HMGB1 is released from the nucleus into the cytoplasm or extracellular space by damaged parenchymal cells during ischemia and hypoxia, and this plays an important role in the initiation of reperfusion injury as an early inflammatory factor and is closely related to the occurrence and development of renal diseases. In recent years, the protective effect of osthole on IR of tissues and organs has been a key topic among clinical researchers. Osthole can inhibit the inflammatory response, reduce cell apoptosis the progression, and improve the prognosis of IR, thus protecting the kidney. During the development of renal IR, finding a mechanism through which the osthole blocks the release of HMGB1 from the nucleus would be helpful in detecting targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China.,North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Deqiong Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Chenli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Wen Hao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Hefei Yin
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
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9
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HMGB1 Inhibition to Ameliorate Organ Failure and Increase Survival in Trauma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010101. [PMID: 35053249 PMCID: PMC8773879 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several preclinical and clinical reports have demonstrated that levels of circulating high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) are increased early after trauma and are associated with systemic inflammation and clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms of the interaction between HMGB1 and inflammatory mediators that lead to the development of remote organ damage after trauma remain obscure. HMGB1 and inflammatory mediators were analyzed in plasma from 54 combat casualties, collected on admission to a military hospital in Iraq, and at 8 and 24 h after admission. In total, 45 (83%) of these patients had traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nine healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. HMGB1 plasma levels were significantly increased in the first 8 h after admission, and were found to be associated with systemic inflammatory responses, injury severity score, and presence of TBI. These data provided the rationale for designing experiments in rats subjected to blast injury and hemorrhage, to explore the effect of HMGB1 inhibition by CX-01 (2-O, 3-O desulfated heparin). Animals were cannulated, then recovered for 5–7 days before blast injury in a shock tube and volume-controlled hemorrhage. Blast injury and hemorrhage induced an early increase in HMGB1 plasma levels along with severe tissue damage and high mortality. CX-01 inhibited systemic HMGB1 activity, decreased local and systemic inflammatory responses, significantly reduced tissue and organ damage, and tended to increase survival. These data suggest that CX-01 has potential as an adjuvant treatment for traumatic hemorrhage.
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10
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Wu J, Vodovotz Y, Abdelhamid S, Guyette FX, Yaffe MB, Gruen DS, Cyr A, Okonkwo DO, Kar UK, Krishnamoorthi N, Voinchet RG, Billiar IM, Yazer MH, Namas RA, Daley BJ, Miller RS, Harbrecht BG, Claridge JA, Phelan HA, Zuckerbraun BS, Johansson PI, Stensballe J, Morrissey JH, Tracy RP, Wisniewski SR, Neal MD, Sperry JL, Billiar TR. Multi-omic analysis in injured humans: Patterns align with outcomes and treatment responses. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100478. [PMID: 35028617 PMCID: PMC8715070 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trauma is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Here, we present the analysis of a longitudinal multi-omic dataset comprising clinical, cytokine, endotheliopathy biomarker, lipidome, metabolome, and proteome data from severely injured humans. A "systemic storm" pattern with release of 1,061 markers, together with a pattern suggestive of the "massive consumption" of 892 constitutive circulating markers, is identified in the acute phase post-trauma. Data integration reveals two human injury response endotypes, which align with clinical trajectory. Prehospital thawed plasma rescues only endotype 2 patients with traumatic brain injury (30-day mortality: 30.3 versus 75.0%; p = 0.0015). Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) was identified as the most predictive circulating biomarker to identify endotype 2-traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. These response patterns refine the paradigm for human injury, while the datasets provide a resource for the study of critical illness, trauma, and human stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiology & Center of Pharmacology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Eight-Year Program of Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sultan Abdelhamid
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francis X. Guyette
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle S. Gruen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony Cyr
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David O. Okonkwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Upendra K. Kar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Isabel M. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark H. Yazer
- The Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rami A. Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J. Daley
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey A. Claridge
- Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Herbert A. Phelan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brian S. Zuckerbraun
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pär I. Johansson
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stensballe
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Center, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Emergency Medical Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - James H. Morrissey
- Departments of Biological Chemistry & Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Colchester, VT, USA
| | | | - Matthew D. Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason L. Sperry
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - PAMPer study group
- The PAMPer study group is detailed in Supplemental acknowledgments (Document S1)
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11
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Zhao T, Zhu Y, Yao L, Liu L, Li N. IGF-1 alleviates CCL4-induced hepatic cirrhosis and dysfunction of intestinal barrier through inhibition TLR4/NF-κB signaling mediated by down-regulation HMGB1. Ann Hepatol 2021; 26:100560. [PMID: 34653689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Cirrhosis has gradually become a serious public health issue, especially the national prevalence of cirrhosis was 29.2% in northwest China. Recent evidence has revealed that intestinal barrier (IB) dysfunction results from and contributes to cirrhosis. Our previous results have indicated that insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1) improved the impaired IB function and downregulated high mobility group protein box-1 (HMGB-1). Nevertheless, the role of the IGF-1/HMGB1 axis in cirrhosis remains largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect protein and mRNA levels of related genes. The levels of AST, ALT, IL-1β, and TNF-α were examined using commercial kits. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the expression of HMGB1 in tissues. RESULTS In carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rat, the levels of AST (380.12 vs. 183.97), ALT (148.12 vs. 53.56), IL-1β (155.94 vs. 55.60), and TNF-α (155.00 vs. 48.90) were significantly increased compared with the control group, while IGF-1 treatment significantly alleviated CCL4-induced inflammatory response and IB dysfunction by downregulating HMGB1-mediated the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. In vitro experiments, HMGB1 treatment promoted inflammatory cytokines secretion and reduced cell viability and tight junctions by activating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in Caco-2 cells, but IGF-1 alleviated these effects. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that IGF-1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for cirrhosis and IB dysfunction via inactivation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway through down-regulation HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Liver Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China.
| | - Liying Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Liver Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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12
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Zmijewska AA, Zmijewski JW, Becker EJ, Benavides GA, Darley-Usmar V, Mannon RB. Bioenergetic maladaptation and release of HMGB1 in calcineurin inhibitor-mediated nephrotoxicity. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2964-2977. [PMID: 33724664 PMCID: PMC8429074 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are potent immunosuppressive agents, universally used following solid organ transplantation to prevent rejection. Although effective, the long-term use of CNIs is associated with nephrotoxicity. The etiology of this adverse effect is complex, and effective therapeutic interventions remain to be determined. Using a combination of in vitro techniques and a mouse model of CNI-mediated nephrotoxicity, we found that the CNIs, cyclosporine A (CsA), and tacrolimus (TAC) share a similar mechanism of tubular epithelial kidney cell injury, including mitochondrial dysfunction and release of High-Mobility Group Box I (HMGB1). CNIs promote bioenergetic reprogramming due to mitochondrial dysfunction and a shift toward glycolytic metabolism. These events were accompanied by diminished cell-to-cell adhesion, loss of the epithelial cell phenotype, and release of HMGB1. Notably, Erk1/2 inhibitors effectively diminished HMGB1 release, and similar inhibitor was observed on inclusion of pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK. In vivo, while CNIs activate tissue proremodeling signaling pathways, MAPK/Erk1/2 inhibitor prevented nephrotoxicity, including diminished HMGB1 release from kidney epithelial cells and accumulation in urine. In summary, HMGB1 is an early indicator and marker of progressive nephrotoxicity induced by CNIs. We suggest that proremodeling signaling pathway and loss of mitochondrial redox/bioenergetics homeostasis are crucial therapeutic targets to ameliorate CNI-mediated nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Zmijewska
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eugene J. Becker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Roslyn B. Mannon
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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13
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Convertino VA, Koons NJ, Suresh MR. Physiology of Human Hemorrhage and Compensation. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1531-1574. [PMID: 33577122 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death following traumatic injuries in the United States. Much of the previous work in assessing the physiology and pathophysiology underlying blood loss has focused on descriptive measures of hemodynamic responses such as blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, and vascular resistance as indicators of changes in organ perfusion. More recent work has shifted the focus toward understanding mechanisms of compensation for reduced systemic delivery and cellular utilization of oxygen as a more comprehensive approach to understanding the complex physiologic changes that occur following and during blood loss. In this article, we begin with applying dimensional analysis for comparison of animal models, and progress to descriptions of various physiological consequences of hemorrhage. We then introduce the complementary side of compensation by detailing the complexity and integration of various compensatory mechanisms that are activated from the initiation of hemorrhage and serve to maintain adequate vital organ perfusion and hemodynamic stability in the scenario of reduced systemic delivery of oxygen until the onset of hemodynamic decompensation. New data are introduced that challenge legacy concepts related to mechanisms that underlie baroreflex functions and provide novel insights into the measurement of the integrated response of compensation to central hypovolemia known as the compensatory reserve. The impact of demographic and environmental factors on tolerance to hemorrhage is also reviewed. Finally, we describe how understanding the physiology of compensation can be translated to applications for early assessment of the clinical status and accurate triage of hypovolemic and hypotensive patients. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1531-1574, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Convertino
- Battlefield Healthy & Trauma Center for Human Integrative Physiology, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Natalie J Koons
- Battlefield Healthy & Trauma Center for Human Integrative Physiology, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mithun R Suresh
- Battlefield Healthy & Trauma Center for Human Integrative Physiology, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA San Antonio, Texas, USA
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14
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Mathur N, Mehdi SF, Anipindi M, Aziz M, Khan SA, Kondakindi H, Lowell B, Wang P, Roth J. Ghrelin as an Anti-Sepsis Peptide: Review. Front Immunol 2021; 11:610363. [PMID: 33584688 PMCID: PMC7876230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis continues to produce widespread inflammation, illness, and death, prompting intensive research aimed at uncovering causes and therapies. In this article, we focus on ghrelin, an endogenous peptide with promise as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Ghrelin was discovered, tracked, and isolated from stomach cells based on its ability to stimulate release of growth hormone. It also stimulates appetite and is shown to be anti-inflammatory in a wide range of tissues. The anti-inflammatory effects mediated by ghrelin are a result of both the stimulation of anti-inflammatory processes and an inhibition of pro-inflammatory forces. Anti-inflammatory processes are promoted in a broad range of tissues including the hypothalamus and vagus nerve as well as in a broad range of immune cells. Aged rodents have reduced levels of growth hormone (GH) and diminished immune responses; ghrelin administration boosts GH levels and immune response. The anti-inflammatory functions of ghrelin, well displayed in preclinical animal models of sepsis, are just being charted in patients, with expectations that ghrelin and growth hormone might improve outcomes in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Mathur
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Syed F. Mehdi
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Manasa Anipindi
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sawleha A. Khan
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Hema Kondakindi
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Lowell
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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15
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Sun X, Zhu S, Tonnessen TI, Yang R. Bile is a promising gut nutrient that inhibits intestinal bacterial translocation and promotes gut motility via an interleukin-6-related pathway in an animal model of endotoxemia. Nutrition 2020; 84:111064. [PMID: 33418232 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People who are critically ill have high rates of endotoxemia that can significantly decrease bile flow and increase bile cytokines, the latter of which might worsen their condition. Bile acids are nutrient-signaling hormones that have a significant impact on gut barrier function and motility, and the gut is considered the origin of systemic inflammation. Therefore, healthy exogenous bile could be a promising gut nutrient for critical illness, so the biomedical role of bile in endotoxemia was investigated in this study. METHODS Twelve rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and randomized into a group with sham operation) and a group with bile external drainage (n = 6 for each group); six rats with sham operation served as the control group. In addition, interleukin-6 (IL-6) knockout mice and macrophages were treated with LPS. RESULTS Compared to the control animals, the group with LPS injection and sham operation had significantly increased levels of gut permeability, gut bacterial translocation, gut mucosal tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6 transcripts, and serum tumor necrosis factor α and IL-6. Compared to group with sham operation and LPS injection, bile external drainage (in LPS-challenged rats) increased gut bacterial translocation by 10 times, and this detrimental effect was associated with prolonged intestinal transit time, increased serum IL-6 concentration, and up-regulated gut mucosal IL-6 transcripts. Moreover, bile selectively inhibited LPS-stimulated macrophages in IL-6 release, which can activate gastrointestinal submucosal neurons to promote motility. Knocking out IL-6 significantly reduced gut bacterial translocation in endotoxemic mice. CONCLUSIONS Bile is a promising gut nutrient that inhibits gut bacterial translocation and promotes gut motility via an IL-6-related pathway in experimental endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tor Inge Tonnessen
- Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Runkuan Yang
- Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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16
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Chen L, Li J, Ye Z, Sun B, Wang L, Chen Y, Han J, Yu M, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Seidler U, Tian D, Xiao F. Anti-High Mobility Group Box 1 Neutralizing-Antibody Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585094. [PMID: 33193406 PMCID: PMC7661783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein in mammals. When released into the extracellular space, it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern. This study investigates whether increased HMGB1 levels are found in the intestinal mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and whether an anti-HMGB1 neutralizing-antibody (HnAb) can inhibit the intestinal inflammation elicited by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Because toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is implicated in HMGB1-mediated immune cell activation, DSS colitis was also elicited in TLR4-deficient mice in the presence and absence of HnAb. The expression of HMGB1 in UC patients was examined. HnAb was administered via intraperitoneal injection to TLR4 deficient mice and their wild-type littermates, both being induced to colitis with DSS. Finally, the protective effect of HnAb and TLR4 deficiency were evaluated. In UC patients, HMGB1 was up-regulated in the inflamed colon. When administered during DSS application, HnAb alleviated the severity of colitis with a lower disease activity index, limited histological damages, and reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines. This antibody also limited colonic barrier loss, decreased colonic lamina propria macrophages and partially reversed the DSS treatment-associated dysbiosis. The protective effect of this antibody was enhanced in TLR4-deficient mice in some aspects, indicating that both additional HMGB1-mediated as well as TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways were involved in the induction of colitis by DSS. HnAb ameliorated colitis via macrophages inhibition and colonic barrier protection. It may therefore be a novel treatment option in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenghao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binghua Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - De'an Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Shah KH, Oza MJ. Comprehensive Review of Bioactive and Molecular Aspects of Moringa Oleifera Lam. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1813755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal H. Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Manisha J. Oza
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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18
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Tommy T, Islam AA, Hatta M, Bukhari A. Immunomodulatory properties of high mobility group box 1 and its potential role in brain injury: Review article. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 59:106-109. [PMID: 32994992 PMCID: PMC7511818 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a novel biomolecular agent which has a major part in inflammation process. HMGB1 has been known to be a strong pro-inflammatory factor as damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) which its interaction with its receptor, the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), will cause positive amplification of inflammation signalling pathway. Brain injury is one of the major contributors for disability and death which neuroinflammation has a major role in its pathogenesis and influencing its outcome. In neuroinflammation, it has been described that HMGB1 may have a pivotal role in the process. Objective The objective of this article is to review the role HMGB1 in brain injury and its immunomodulatory properties. Methods A comprehensive search of literature was conducted in PubMed (NIH), Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar database using keyword combinations of the medical subject headings (MeSH) of “HMGB1” and “Brain Injury” and relevant reference lists were also manually searched. All relevant articles of any study design published from year 1990 till June 2020, were included and narratively discussed in this review. Results Twenty-four articles were shortlisted and reviewed in this article. Through these articles, we synthesis information on the function and metabolism of HMGB1, immunomodulatory effect of HMGB1, clinical findings and other potential treatment involving HMGB1, and role of HMGB1 protein in brain injury. Conclusion HMGB1 has a strong pro-inflammation property which predominantly acts through RAGE pathways.Review registration number reviewregistry966 in www.researchregistry.com. HMGB1 has a strong pro-inflammation property which predominantly acts through RAGE pathways. This pro-inflammatory process needs to be balanced with anti-inflammatory agents for homeostasis. Further studies are needed to support anti HMGB1 therapy in inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tommy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Andi A Islam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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19
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Andersson U, Ottestad W, Tracey KJ. Extracellular HMGB1: a therapeutic target in severe pulmonary inflammation including COVID-19? Mol Med 2020; 26:42. [PMID: 32380958 PMCID: PMC7203545 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes for unresolved reasons acute respiratory distress syndrome in vulnerable individuals. There is a need to identify key pathogenic molecules in COVID-19-associated inflammation attainable to target with existing therapeutic compounds. The endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule HMGB1 initiates inflammation via two separate pathways. Disulfide-HMGB1 triggers TLR4 receptors generating pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Extracellular HMGB1, released from dying cells or secreted by activated innate immunity cells, forms complexes with extracellular DNA, RNA and other DAMP or pathogen-associated molecular (DAMP) molecules released after lytic cell death. These complexes are endocytosed via RAGE, constitutively expressed at high levels in the lungs only, and transported to the endolysosomal system, which is disrupted by HMGB1 at high concentrations. Danger molecules thus get access to cytosolic proinflammatory receptors instigating inflammasome activation. It is conceivable that extracellular SARS-CoV-2 RNA may reach the cellular cytosol via HMGB1-assisted transfer combined with lysosome leakage. Extracellular HMGB1 generally exists in vivo bound to other molecules, including PAMPs and DAMPs. It is plausible that these complexes are specifically removed in the lungs revealed by a 40% reduction of HMGB1 plasma levels in arterial versus venous blood. Abundant pulmonary RAGE expression enables endocytosis of danger molecules to be destroyed in the lysosomes at physiological HMGB1 levels, but causing detrimental inflammasome activation at high levels. Stress induces apoptosis in pulmonary endothelial cells from females but necrosis in cells from males. CONCLUSION Based on these observations we propose extracellular HMGB1 to be considered as a therapeutic target for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William Ottestad
- Air Ambulance department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, 11030 USA
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
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20
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Wang H, Zhang S, Zhao H, Qin H, Zhang J, Dong J, Zhang H, Liu X, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Shao M, Wu F, Zhang W. Carbon Monoxide Inhibits the Expression of Proteins Associated with Intestinal Mucosal Pyroptosis in a Rat Model of Sepsis Induced by Cecal Ligation and Puncture. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920668. [PMID: 32351244 PMCID: PMC7207005 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO) has anti-inflammatory effects and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier in sepsis. Pyroptosis, or cell death associated with sepsis, is mediated by caspase-1 activation. This study aimed to investigate the role of CO on the expression of proteins associated with intestinal mucosal pyroptosis in a rat model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). MATERIAL AND METHODS The rat model of sepsis was developed using CLP. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=120) were divided into six study groups: the sham group (n=20); the CLP group (n=20); the hemin group (treated with ferric chloride and heme) (n=20); the zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) group (n=20); the CO-releasing molecule 2 (CORM-2) group (n=20); and the inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2) group (n=20). Hemin and CORM-2 were CO donors, and ZnPPIX was a CO inhibitor. In the six groups, the seven-day survival curves, the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran 4000 Da (FD-4) permeability assay, levels of intestinal pyroptosis proteins caspase-1, caspase-11, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) were measured by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1ß, and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) were measured by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS CO reduced the mortality rate in rats with sepsis and reduced intestinal mucosal permeability and mucosal damage. CO also reduced the expression levels of IL-18, IL-1ß, and HMGB1, and reduced pyroptosis by preventing the cleavage of caspase-1 and caspase-11. CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of sepsis induced by CLP, CO had a protective role by inhibiting intestinal mucosal pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shunwen Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Haijun Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Huiyuan Qin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jiangtao Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengyong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yanheng Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine and The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
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21
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Gruen DS, Brown JB, Guyette FX, Vodovotz Y, Johansson PI, Stensballe J, Barclay DA, Yin J, Daley BJ, Miller RS, Harbrecht BG, Claridge JA, Phelan HA, Neal MD, Zuckerbraun BS, Billiar TR, Sperry JL. Prehospital plasma is associated with distinct biomarker expression following injury. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135350. [PMID: 32229722 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDPrehospital plasma improves survival in severely injured patients transported by air ambulance. We hypothesized that prehospital plasma would be associated with a reduction in immune imbalance and endothelial damage.METHODSWe sampled blood from 405 trauma patients enrolled in the Prehospital Air Medical Plasma (PAMPer) trial upon hospital admission (0 hours) and 24 hours post admission across 6 U.S. sites. We assayed samples for 21 inflammatory mediators and 7 markers associated with endothelial function and damage. We performed hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of these biomarkers of the immune response and endothelial injury. Regression analysis was used to control for differences across study and to assess any association with prehospital plasma resuscitation.RESULTSHCA distinguished two patient clusters with different injury patterns and outcomes. Patients in cluster A had greater injury severity and incidence of blunt trauma, traumatic brain injury, and mortality. Cluster A patients that received prehospital plasma showed improved 30-day survival. Prehospital plasma did not improve survival in cluster B patients. In an adjusted analysis of the most seriously injured patients, prehospital plasma was associated with an increase in adiponectin, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-23, and IL-17E upon admission, and a reduction in syndecan-1, TM, VEGF, IL-6, IP-10, MCP-1, and TNF-α, and an increase in IL-33, IL-21, IL-23, and IL-17E 24 hours later.CONCLUSIONPrehospital plasma may ameliorate immune dysfunction and the endotheliopathy of trauma. These effects of plasma may contribute to improved survival in injured patients.TRIAL REGISTRATIONNCT01818427.FUNDINGDepartment of Defense; National Institutes of Health, U.S. Army.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Gruen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua B Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, and.,Center for Inflammation and Regeneration Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jakob Stensballe
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Center, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Emergency Medical Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Derek A Barclay
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jinling Yin
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian J Daley
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard S Miller
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brian G Harbrecht
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Claridge
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Herb A Phelan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew D Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian S Zuckerbraun
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason L Sperry
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Biphasic Release of the Alarmin High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Early After Trauma Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome. Crit Care Med 2020; 47:e614-e622. [PMID: 31162203 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The causal role of the prototype alarmin high mobility group box 1 protein in systemic inflammation and remote organ injury after trauma and shock is established in animal models but not in humans. Our aim was therefore to determine high mobility group box 1 protein concentration kinetics with high time resolution during the first hours after trauma in individual patients and investigate the association with outcome. DESIGN Prospective single-center observational study. SETTING University hospital Level I trauma center. PATIENTS Convenience recruitment of 136 trauma patients. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Total plasma high mobility group box 1 protein levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in repeated samples. Relationships between predefined predictor variables and outcome were examined in multivariable linear regression models. Ventilator-free days was used as primary outcome measure. Two distinct high mobility group box 1 protein release phases were identified. An initial exponential decay phase with half-life 26 minutes was not correlated with outcome. In contrast, a second high mobility group box 1 protein wave peaking 3-6 hours after trauma in the most severely injured and physiologically deranged patients was consistently the most important predictor of outcome in our multivariable models, rendering all other predictor variables insignificant except for smaller contributions from age and sex, and of admission base excess for maximal creatinine concentration. CONCLUSIONS High mobility group box 1 protein was released in two consecutive phases. Only the second high mobility group box 1 protein wave was a significant predictor of outcome. Patients with a high high mobility group box 1 protein concentration between 3 and 6 hours after trauma might hypothetically benefit from high mobility group box 1 protein-specific antagonist therapy.
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23
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Ottestad W, Rognes IN, Skaga E, Frisvoll C, Haraldsen G, Eken T, Lundbäck P. HMGB1 concentration measurements in trauma patients: assessment of pre-analytical conditions and sample material. Mol Med 2019; 26:5. [PMID: 31892315 PMCID: PMC6938620 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HMGB1 is a mediator of systemic inflammation in sepsis and trauma, and a promising biomarker in many diseases. There is currently no standard operating procedure for pre-analytical handling of HMGB1 samples, despite that pre-analytical conditions account for a substantial part of the overall error rate in laboratory testing. We hypothesized that the considerable variations in reported HMGB1 concentrations and kinetics in trauma patients could be partly explained by differences in pre-analytical conditions and choice of sample material. METHODS Trauma patients (n = 21) admitted to a Norwegian Level I trauma center were prospectively included. Blood was drawn in K2EDTA coated tubes and serum tubes. The effects of delayed centrifugation were evaluated in samples stored at room temperature for 15 min, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h respectively. Plasma samples subjected to long-term storage in - 80 °C and to repeated freeze/thaw cycles were compared with previously analyzed samples. HMGB1 concentrations in simultaneously acquired arterial and venous samples were also compared. HMGB1 was assessed by standard ELISA technique, additionally we investigated the suitability of western blot in both serum and plasma samples. RESULTS Arterial HMGB1 concentrations were consistently lower than venous concentrations in simultaneously obtained samples (arterial = 0.60 x venous; 95% CI 0.30-0.90). Concentrations in plasma and serum showed a strong linear correlation, however wide limits of agreement. Storage of blood samples at room temperature prior to centrifugation resulted in an exponential increase in plasma concentrations after ≈6 h. HMGB1 concentrations were fairly stable in centrifuged plasma samples subjected to long-term storage and freeze/thaw cycles. We were not able to detect HMGB1 in either serum or plasma from our trauma patients using western blotting. CONCLUSIONS Arterial and venous HMGB1 concentrations cannot be directly compared, and concentration values in plasma and serum must be compared with caution due to wide limits of agreement. Although HMGB1 levels in clinical samples from trauma patients are fairly stable, strict adherence to a pre-analytical protocol is advisable in order to protect sample integrity. Surprisingly, we were unable to detect HMGB1 utilizing standard western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ottestad
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid N. Rognes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Skaga
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torsten Eken
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Lundbäck
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Liu X, Zhuang J, Wang D, Lv L, Zhu F, Yao A, Xu T. Glycyrrhizin suppresses inflammation and cell apoptosis by inhibition of HMGB1 via p38/p-JUK signaling pathway in attenuating intervertebral disc degeneration. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5105-5113. [PMID: 31497226 PMCID: PMC6731420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is associated with the nucleus pulposus (NP) cells inflammation and apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that glycyrrhizin (GL) is a valid inhibitor of the high-mobility group box-1 gene (HMGB1) which expressed much higher in an inflammatory condition. However, it is not known whether GL protects against IDD by the inhibition of HMGB1. To study the effect and mechanism of glycyrrhizin on intervertebral disc degeneration. We analyzed the expression of HMGB1 in different degree of degenerate disc tissues. Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was used in stimulating the NP cells to degeneration. We used recombined human HMGB1 to resist the function of GL to explore whether GL acted via the target of HMGB1. Our study showed that the expression of HMGB1 markedly increased in severely degenerated disc tissues. IL-1β promoted the progress of IDD, and the stimulation of GL could reverse the effects of IL-1β. Moreover, p38 and p-JNK were significantly suppressed by GL stimuli. These results suggested that GL prevented NP degradation via restraining inflammation and cell apoptosis by inhibition of HMGB1 via p38/p-JNK signaling pathway. GL may become a novel cytokine for the therapy of IDD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Deguo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Songjiang District Central HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Lanxin Lv
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenghui Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiming Yao
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tie Xu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Xu S, Zeng Z, Zhao M, Huang Q, Gao Y, Dai X, Lu J, Huang W, Zhao K. Evidence for SIRT1 Mediated HMGB1 Release From Kidney Cells in the Early Stages of Hemorrhagic Shock. Front Physiol 2019; 10:854. [PMID: 31333497 PMCID: PMC6625367 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is to explore the effect of SIRT1 deacetylating inactivation on organ-derived high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) during the development of severe hemorrhagic shock (HS). Methods Hemorrhagic shock model was reproduced in rats by blood shedding and mimicked in HK-2 cells by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. The level and acetylation of HMGB1 and the expression and activity of SIRT1 were detected in tissue, serum and cultured cells and supernatant. The deacetylated sites of HMGB1 was determined by Co-IP. Results Serum HMGB1 in HS rats was increased but were reduced in multiple organs, especially in kidney tissue, with enhanced HMGB1 acetylation, and reduced deacetylase SIRT1 activity in isolated RTECs. HMGB1 in suspension of H/R-treated HK-2 cells was increased, accompanying with enhanced HMGB1 acetylation, and nuclear-plasma translocation. SIRT1 down-regulated by siRNA aggravated acetylation of HMGB1 and nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation and resulted in increased HMGB1 in cultured HK-2 suspension. Immunoprecipitation data suggested that SIRT1-indcuced deacetylated sites of HMGB1 were K90 and K177 following H/R. SIRT1 overexpression inhibited the acetylation of HMGB1 and reduced the content of extracellular HMGB1 in H/R-treated HK-2 cells. Inhibiting mutation of SIRT1 restored the acetylation of HMGB1 and HMGB1 content in extracellular suspension. In HS rat model, the neutralization of HMGB1 with antibody could reduce serum HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents, but had no effect on SIRT1 protein expression and activity. Polydatin (PD), a potential SIRT1 agonist, up-regulated SIRT1 activity and inhibited nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation of HMGB1 in RTECs. Moreover, PD also attenuated RTEC apoptosis, protected renal function, and prolonged survival in HS rats. These beneficial effect of PD is largely blocked by specific inhibition of SIRT1 with Ex527. Conclusion The acetylation of HMGB1 in K99 and K177 is enhanced during HS due to the downregulation of SIRT1. The nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation and the release of acetylated HMGB1 from RTECs of kidney might exacerbate the pro-inflammatory effects of HMGB1 during the development of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youguang Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingui Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translational Medicine, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, China
| | - Keseng Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Lamparello AJ, Namas RA, Constantine G, McKinley TO, Elster E, Vodovotz Y, Billiar TR. A conceptual time window-based model for the early stratification of trauma patients. J Intern Med 2019; 286:2-15. [PMID: 30623510 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Progress in the testing of therapies targeting the immune response following trauma, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, has been slow. We propose that the design of interventional trials in trauma would benefit from a scheme or platform that could support the identification and implementation of prognostic strategies for patient stratification. Here, we propose a stratification scheme based on defined time periods or windows following the traumatic event. This 'time-window' model allows for the incorporation of prognostic variables ranging from circulating biomarkers and clinical data to patient-specific information such as gene variants to predict adverse short- or long-term outcomes. A number of circulating biomarkers, including cell injury markers and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and inflammatory mediators have been shown to correlate with adverse outcomes after trauma. Likewise, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associate with complications or death in trauma patients. This review summarizes the status of our understanding of the prognostic value of these classes of variables in predicting outcomes in trauma patients. Strategies for the incorporation of these prognostic variables into schemes designed to stratify trauma patients, such as our time-window model, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Lamparello
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R A Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - G Constantine
- Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T O McKinley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Health Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - E Elster
- Department of Surgery, University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Amann EM, Groß A, Rojewski MT, Kestler HA, Kalbitz M, Brenner RE, Huber-Lang M, Schrezenmeier H. Inflammatory response of mesenchymal stromal cells after in vivo exposure with selected trauma-related factors and polytrauma serum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216862. [PMID: 31086407 PMCID: PMC6516676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polytrauma (PT) is a life-threatening disease and a major global burden of injury. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) might be a therapeutic option for PT patients due to their anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential. We hypothesised that the inflammatory response of MSC is similar after exposure to selected trauma-relevant factors to sera from PT patients (PTS). Therefore, we investigated the effects of a mixture of defined factors, supposed to play a role on MSC in the early phase of PT. Additionally, in a translational approach we investigated the effect of serum from PT patients on MSC in vitro. MSC were incubated with a PT cocktail in physiological (PTCL) and supra-physiological (PTCH) concentrations or PTS. The effect on gene expression and protein secretion of MSC was analysed by RNA sequencing, ELISA and Multiplex assays of cell culture supernatant. Stimulation of MSC with PTCH, PTCL or IL1B led to significant up- or downregulation of 470, 183 and 469 genes compared to unstimulated MSC at 6 h. The intersection of differentially expressed genes in these groups was very high (92% overlap with regard to the PTCL group; treated for 6 h). Cytokine secretion profile of MSC revealed that IL1B mimics the effect of a more complex PT cocktail as well. However, there was only a minor proportion of overlapping differentially expressed genes between the MSC group stimulated with early times of PTS and the MSC group stimulated with PTCH, PTCL and IL1B. In conclusion, the effect of sera from PT patients on MSC activation cannot be simulated by the chosen trauma-relevant factors. Furthermore, we conclude that while IL1B might be useful to prime MSC prior to therapeutic application, it might not be as useful for the in vitro study of functional properties of MSC in the context of PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maria Amann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Groß
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Thomas Rojewski
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf Erwin Brenner
- Orthopedic Department, Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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28
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Ma KC, Schenck EJ, Pabon MA, Choi AMK. The Role of Danger Signals in the Pathogenesis and Perpetuation of Critical Illness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:300-309. [PMID: 28977759 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201612-2460pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Ma
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Edward J Schenck
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Maria A Pabon
- 3 Division of General Internal Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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29
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Chen X, Fu Y, Wang L, Qian W, Zheng F, Hou X. Bifidobacterium longum and VSL#3 ® amelioration of TNBS-induced colitis associated with reduced HMGB1 and epithelial barrier impairment. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:77-86. [PMID: 30227219 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are a beneficial treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, studies comparing the effects of similar doses of single and mixed probiotics on IBD are scarce. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important proinflammatory mediator involved IBD development. The present study assessed fecal HMGB1 levels in IBD patients and compared the effects of similar doses of Bifidobacterium longum (Bif) versus VSL#3® on HMGB1 levels in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced murine colitis. Twenty-four mice were divided into four treatment groups (n = 6 per group): ethanol (control), TNBS, TNBS + Bif, and TNBS + VSL#3®. Bif and VSL#3® (4 × 109 CFU/dose) were administered daily by intragastric gavage, beginning 3 d before TNBS treatment, for a total of 7 d. Fecal HMGB1 levels were higher in both active IBD patients and TNBS-induced colitis mice versus their respective controls. Both Bif and VSL#3® improved intestinal inflammation and fecal microbiota imbalance in TNBS-induced colitis mice. Both treatments also reduced serum and fecal HMGB1 levels as well as increased expression of zonula occludins-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in colon tissues. In Caco-2 cells, HMGB1 reduced transepithelial electrical resistance, zonula occludins-1 protein expression, and increased paracellular permeability of FITC-dextran; the opposite was found with both probiotic treatments. These findings suggest Bif and VSL#3® have similar beneficial effects on TNBS-induced colitis, possibly through inhibition of HMGB1 release and subsequent HMGB1-mediated gut barrier dysfunction. The present study provides novel insights into probiotic treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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30
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Bhat SM, Massey N, Karriker LA, Singh B, Charavaryamath C. Ethyl pyruvate reduces organic dust-induced airway inflammation by targeting HMGB1-RAGE signaling. Respir Res 2019; 20:27. [PMID: 30728013 PMCID: PMC6364446 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal production workers are persistently exposed to organic dust and can suffer from a variety of respiratory disease symptoms and annual decline in lung function. The role of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in inflammatory airway diseases is emerging. Hence, we tested a hypothesis that organic dust exposure of airway epithelial cells induces nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 and blocking this translocation dampens organic dust-induced lung inflammation. METHODS Rats were exposed to either ambient air or swine barn (8 h/day for either 1, 5, or 20 days) and lung tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry. Swine barn dust was collected and organic dust extract (ODE) was prepared and sterilized. Human airway epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) was exposed to either media or organic dust extract followed by treatment with media or ethyl pyruvate (EP) or anti-HMGB1 antibody. Immunoblotting, ELISA and other assays were performed at 0 (control), 6, 24 and 48 h. Data (as mean ± SEM) was analyzed using one or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc comparison test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Compared to controls, barn exposed rats showed an increase in the expression of HMGB1 in the lungs. Compared to controls, ODE exposed BEAS-2B cells showed nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1, co-localization of HMGB1 and RAGE, reactive species and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. EP treatment reduced the ODE induced nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1, HMGB1 expression in the cytoplasmic fraction, GM-CSF and IL-1β production and augmented the production of TGF-β1 and IL-10. Anti-HMGB1 treatment reduced ODE-induced NF-κB p65 expression, IL-6, ROS and RNS but augmented TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1-RAGE signaling is an attractive target to abrogate OD-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2008 Vet Med Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2008 Vet Med Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Locke A. Karriker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, 2203 Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, Iowa State university, Ames, IA USA
| | - Baljit Singh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2500 University Dr. NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4 Canada
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Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) after tissue trauma increases the complication and mortality rate of polytrauma (PT) patients. Although several murine trauma models have been introduced, there is a lack of knowledge about the exact impact of an additional HS. We hypothesized that HS significantly contributes to organ injury, which can be reliably monitored by detection of specific organ damage markers. Therefore we established a novel clinically relevant PT plus HS model in C57BL/6 mice which were randomly assigned to control, HS, PT, or PT+HS procedure (n = 8 per group). For induction of PT, anesthetized animals received a blunt chest trauma, head injury, femur fracture, and soft tissue injury. HS was induced by pressure-controlled blood drawing (mean arterial blood pressure of 30 mmHg for 60 min) and mice then resuscitated with ionosterile (4 × volume drawn), monitored, and killed for blood and organ harvesting 4 h after injury. After HS and resuscitation, PT+HS mice required earlier and overall more catecholamine support than HS animals to keep their mean arterial blood pressure. HS significantly contributed to the systemic release of interleukin-6 and high mobility group box 1 protein. Furthermore, the histological lung injury score, pulmonary edema, neutrophil influx, and plasma clara cell protein 16 were all significantly enhanced in PT animals in the presence of an additional HS. Although early morphological changes were minor, HS also contributed functionally to remote acute kidney injury but not to early liver damage. Moreover, PT-induced systemic endothelial injury, as determined by plasma syndecan-1 levels, was significantly aggravated by an additional HS. These results indicate that HS adds to the systemic inflammatory reaction early after PT. Within hours after PT, HS seems to aggravate pulmonary damage and to worsen renal and endothelial function which might overall contribute to the development of early multiple organ dysfunction.
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van den Bosch MHJ. Inflammation in osteoarthritis: is it time to dampen the alarm(in) in this debilitating disease? Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:153-166. [PMID: 30421798 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that strongly reduces the quality of life in patients; However, no disease-modifying therapy is available. For a long time, OA was considered a non-inflammatory disease that was the result of 'wear-and-tear' and abnormal mechanics, and therefore many considered the term 'osteoarthritis' a misnomer. However, during the last decades the notion arose that inflammation is not only present in the majority of OA patients but, rather, actively involved in the progression of the disease. Influx of immune cells is observed in the synovium and a plethora of inflammatory mediators is present in tissues and fluids from OA patients. These mediators cause the production of degrading enzymes that break down the cartilage matrix, which is the main hallmark of OA. Alarmins, which belong to the group of danger signals, have been implicated in many inflammatory diseases. They are among the first factors to be released upon cell stress due to, for example, infection, damage and inflammation. They attract and activate cells of the immune system and therefore lie at the base of the inflammatory reaction. In this narrative review, an overview of the history of OA, the evolving concept of inflammation as important factor in the OA pathogenesis, and particularly the central role that alarmins play in the initiation and maintenance of the low-grade inflammatory response in OA, is provided. Moreover, the targeting of alarmins as a promising approach to dampen the inflammation in OA is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H J van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Li P, Jie Y, YuGen S, Yu W, Yan S. High mobility group box-1 in hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei attenuates sympathetic tone in rats at post-myocardial infarction. Cardiol J 2018; 26:555-563. [PMID: 30338842 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2018.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is associated with increased sympathetic drive in cardiovascular diseases. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is a key regulator of sympathetic nerve activity at post-myocardial infarction (MI). High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) exhibits inflammatory cytokine like activity in the extracellular space. Inflammation is associated with increased sympathetic drive in cardiovscular diseases. However, the role of HMGB1 in sympathetic nerve activity at post-MI remains unknown. The aim of the present study is to determine the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in the PVN, in terms of sympathetic activity and arrhythmia after MI. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to induce MI. Anti-HMGB1 polyclonal antibody or control IgG was bilaterally microinjected into the PVN (5 μL every second day for seven consecutive days). Then, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was recorded. The association between ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and MI was evaluated using programmed electrophysiological stimulation. After performing electrophysiological experiments in vivo, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of HMGB1, while Western blot was used to detect the expression of HMGB1 and p-ERK in the PVN of MI rats. RESULTS HMGB1 and p-ERK were upregulated in the PVN in rats at post-MI. Moreover, bilateral PVN microinjection of anti-HMGB1 polyclonal antibody reversed the expression of HMGB1 and p-ERK, and consequently decreased the baseline RSNA and inducible VAs, when compared to those in sham rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MI causes the translocation of HMGB1 in the PVN, which leads to sympathetic overactivation through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The bilateral PVN microinjection of anti-HMGB1 antibody can be an effective therapy for MI-induced arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yin Jie
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shi YuGen
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Andersson U, Yang H, Harris H. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) operates as an alarmin outside as well as inside cells. Semin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim J, Gee HY, Lee MG. Unconventional protein secretion – new insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of human diseases. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/12/jcs213686. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Most secretory proteins travel through a well-documented conventional secretion pathway involving the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex. However, recently, it has been shown that a significant number of proteins reach the plasma membrane or extracellular space via unconventional routes. Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) can be divided into two types: (i) the extracellular secretion of cytosolic proteins that do not bear a signal peptide (i.e. leaderless proteins) and (ii) the cell-surface trafficking of signal-peptide-containing transmembrane proteins via a route that bypasses the Golgi. Understanding the UPS pathways is not only important for elucidating the mechanisms of intracellular trafficking pathways but also has important ramifications for human health, because many of the proteins that are unconventionally secreted by mammalian cells and microorganisms are associated with human diseases, ranging from common inflammatory diseases to the lethal genetic disease of cystic fibrosis. Therefore, it is timely and appropriate to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of UPS involvement in disease pathogenesis, as they may be of use for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In this Review, we discuss the intracellular trafficking pathways of UPS cargos, particularly those related to human diseases. We also outline the disease mechanisms and the therapeutic potentials of new strategies for treating UPS-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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Vourc'h M, Roquilly A, Asehnoune K. Trauma-Induced Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns-Mediated Remote Organ Injury and Immunosuppression in the Acutely Ill Patient. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1330. [PMID: 29963048 PMCID: PMC6013556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Multiple trauma or isolated traumatic brain injury are both indicative of human tissue damage. In the early phase after trauma, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released and give rise to sterile systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and organ failure. Later, protracted inflammation following sepsis will favor hospital-acquired infection and will worsen patient’s outcome through immunosuppression. Throughout medical care or surgical procedures, severe trauma patients will be subjected to endogenous or exogenous DAMPs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding DAMP-mediated SIRS or immunosuppression and the clinical consequences in terms of organ failure and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Vourc'h
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2 - Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Hôtel Dieu, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2 - Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Hôtel Dieu, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Asehnoune
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2 - Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Hôtel Dieu, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Yang R, Zhu S, Pischke SE, Haugaa H, Zou X, Tonnessen TI. Bile and circulating HMGB1 contributes to systemic inflammation in obstructive jaundice. J Surg Res 2018; 228:14-19. [PMID: 29907203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive jaundice (OJ) patients with cholangitis are prone to sepsis; however, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear and need to be clarified. METHODS Analyzing all available published data related to the title of this article. RESULTS OJ leads to absence of gut luminal bile and accumulation of hepatic and circulating bile acids. Absence of gut luminal bile deprives the gut from its antiinflammatory, endotoxin-binding, bacteriostatic, mucosal-trophic, epithelial tight-junction maintaining, and gut motility-regulating effects, leading to gut bacterial overgrowth, mucosal atrophy, mucosal tight-junction loss, and gut motility dysfunction. These alterations promote intestinal endotoxin and bacterial translocation (BT) into portal and systemic circulation. Gut BT triggers systemic inflammation, which can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions in OJ. The accumulation of hepatic and circulating bile acids kills/damages hepatocyte and Kupffer cells, and it also significantly decreases the number of liver natural killer T-cells in OJ. This results in impaired hepatic and systemic immune function, which facilitates BT. In addition, neutralizing bile HMGB1 can reverse endotoxemic bile-induced gut BT and mucosal injury in mice, suggesting that bile HMGB1 in OJ patients can be responsible for internal drainage-related clinical complications. Moreover, the elevated circulating HMGB1 level may contribute to multiple organ injuries, and it might also mediate gut BT in OJ. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 may significantly contribute to systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunctions in OJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkuan Yang
- Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Soeren Erik Pischke
- Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hakon Haugaa
- Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tor Inge Tonnessen
- Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Trauma can affect any individual at any location and at any time over a lifespan. The disruption of macrobarriers and microbarriers induces instant activation of innate immunity. The subsequent complex response, designed to limit further damage and induce healing, also represents a major driver of complications and fatal outcome after injury. This Review aims to provide basic concepts about the posttraumatic response and is focused on the interactive events of innate immunity at frequent sites of injury: the endothelium at large, and sites within the lungs, inside and outside the brain and at the gut barrier.
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Tlr2 on Bone Marrow and Non-Bone Marrow Derived Cells Regulates Inflammation and Organ Injury in Cooperation with Tlr4 During Resuscitated Hemorrhagic Shock. Shock 2018; 46:519-526. [PMID: 27172151 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the role of TLR4 in driving inflammation and organ injury after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (H/R) is well established, the role of TLR2-another receptor for damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules-is not. In this study, we used a combination of TLR2 and wild type (WT) mice treated with anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to discern the contribution of TLR2 relative to TLR4 to the systemic inflammatory response in murine H/R. MATERIAL AND METHODS WT mice, TLR2, and WT mice receiving an anti-TLR2 or an anti-TLR4 mAB (given as a pretreatment) were sacrificed at 6 or 20 h post-H/R. Bone marrow TLR2/WT chimeric mice were created to assess the importance of immune and nonimmune cell-associated TLR2. RESULTS TLR2 mice subjected to H/R exhibited significantly less liver damage and lower markers of systemic inflammation only at 20 h. Bone marrow chimeric mice using combinations of TLR2 mice and WT mice demonstrated that TLR2 on non-bone marrow derived cells played a dominant role in the differences at 20 h. Interestingly, WT mice treated with anti-TLR2 mAB demonstrated a reduction in organ damage and systemic inflammation at both 6 and 20 h following H/R. A combination of anti-TLR2 mAB and anti-TLR4 mAB showed that both receptors drive IP-10 and KC levels and that there is cooperation for increases in IL-6, MIG, and MCP-1 levels between TLR2 and TLR4. CONCLUSION These data also support the conclusion that TLR2 and TLR4 act in concert as important receptors in the host immune response to H/R.
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Saquinavir Ameliorates Liver Warm Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Lung Injury via HMGB-1- and P38/JNK-Mediated TLR-4-Dependent Signaling Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7083528. [PMID: 29440779 PMCID: PMC5758951 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7083528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) induce local and distant tissue injuries, contributing to morbidity and mortality in a wider range of pathologies. This is especially seen under uncontrolled aseptic inflammatory conditions, leading to injury of remote organs, such as lung injury, and even failure. Saquinavir (SQV) is a kind of HIV protease inhibitor that possesses an anti-inflammatory property. In this study, we investigated whether SQV suppresses Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) dependent signaling pathways of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and P38/JNK, conferring protection against murine liver I/R-induced lung injury. To investigate our hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice and TLR4 knockout mice (TLR4−/−) were used to perform the study. SQV administration markedly attenuated remote lung tissue injury after 1-hour ischemia and 6-hour reperfusion of the liver. To our expectation, SQV attenuated I/R-induced lung edema, hyperpermeability, and pathological injury. The beneficial effects of SQV were associated with decreased levels of circulating and lung tissue inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS. The protective effect of SQV was also associated with decreased lung tissue expression of HMGB1, TLR-4, and p-P38/JNK, but not p-ERK in wild-type liver I/R mice. Overall, this study demonstrated a new role of SQV, facilitating negative regulation of HMGB1- and P38/JNK-mediated TLR-4-dependent signaling pathways, conferring protection against liver I/R-induced lung injury.
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Raymond SL, Holden DC, Mira JC, Stortz JA, Loftus TJ, Mohr AM, Moldawer LL, Moore FA, Larson SD, Efron PA. Microbial recognition and danger signals in sepsis and trauma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2564-2573. [PMID: 28115287 PMCID: PMC5519458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early host recognition of microbial invasion or damaged host tissues provides an effective warning system by which protective immune and inflammatory processes are initiated. Host tissues responsible for continuous sampling of their local environment employ cell surface and cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that provide redundant and overlapping identification of both microbial and host alarmins. Microbial products containing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) serve as principle ligands for recognition by these PRRs. It is this interaction which plays both an essential survival role in response to infection and injury, as well as the pathologic role in tissue and organ injury associated with severe sepsis and trauma. Elucidating the interaction between ligands and their respective PRRs can provide both a better understanding of the host response, as well as a rational basis for therapeutic intervention. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Trauma and Sepsis edited by Dr. Raghavan Raju.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Raymond
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - David C Holden
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Juan C Mira
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julie A Stortz
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tyler J Loftus
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shawn D Larson
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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The role of NIGMS P50 sponsored team science in our understanding of multiple organ failure. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 83:520-531. [PMID: 28538636 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The history of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Research Centers in Peri-operative Sciences (RCIPS) is the history of clinical, translational, and basic science research into the etiology and treatment of posttraumatic multiple organ failure (MOF). Born out of the activism of trauma and burn surgeons after the Viet Nam War, the P50 trauma research centers have been a nidus of research advances in the field and the training of future academic physician-scientists in the fields of trauma, burns, sepsis, and critical illness. For over 40 years, research conducted under the aegis of this funding program has led to numerous contributions at both the bedside and at the bench. In fact, it has been this requirement for team science with a clinician-scientist working closely with basic scientists from multiple disciplines that has led the RCIPS to its unrivaled success in the field. This review will briefly highlight some of the major accomplishments of the RCIPS program since its inception, how they have both led and evolved as the field moved steadily forward, and how they are responsible for much of our current understanding of the etiology and pathology of MOF. This review is not intended to be all encompassing nor a historical reference. Rather, it serves as recognition to the foresight and support of many past and present individuals at the NIGMS and at academic institutions who have understood the cost of critical illness and MOF to the individual and to society.
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Blockade of high-mobility group box 1 attenuates intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in experimental acute pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6799. [PMID: 28754974 PMCID: PMC5533736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of inflammatory cytokines, that plays a dominant role in local pancreatic inflammation and systemic complications in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is implicated in the mechanism of organ dysfunction and bacterial translocation in SAP. This current study aims to investigate possible role of HMGB1 in the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction of SAP, and the effect of anti-HMGB1 antibody treatment in intestinal mucosal injury in SAP. Our data revealed that the HMGB1 expression was significantly increased in AP mice induced by caerulein and LPS, and the inhibition of HMGB1 played a protective role in intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction, reduced the serum level of other proinflammatory cytokines include IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α. Next we investigated the downstream receptors involving in HMGB1 signaling. We found that the expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR9 were elevated in ileum of AP mice, the administration of HMGB1 neutralizing antibody significantly reduced the TLR4 and TLR9 expression. It was concluded that HMGB1 contributed the mechanism to the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction during AP. Blockade of HMGB1 by administration of HMGB1 neutralizing antibody may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy in improving intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in SAP.
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HMGB1 and Extracellular Histones Significantly Contribute to Systemic Inflammation and Multiple Organ Failure in Acute Liver Failure. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5928078. [PMID: 28694564 PMCID: PMC5485317 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5928078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is the culmination of severe liver cell injury from a variety of causes. ALF occurs when the extent of hepatocyte death exceeds the hepatic regenerative capacity. ALF has a high mortality that is associated with multiple organ failure (MOF) and sepsis; however, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. Emerging evidence shows that ALF patients/animals have high concentrations of circulating HMGB1, which can contribute to multiple organ injuries and mediate gut bacterial translocation (BT). BT triggers/induces systemic inflammatory responses syndrome (SIRS), which can lead to MOF in ALF. Blockade of HMGB1 significantly decreases BT and improves hepatocyte regeneration in experimental acute fatal liver injury. Therefore, HMGB1 seems to be an important factor that links BT and systemic inflammation in ALF. ALF patients/animals also have high levels of circulating histones, which might be the major mediators of systemic inflammation in patients with ALF. Extracellular histones kill endothelial cells and elicit immunostimulatory effect to induce multiple organ injuries. Neutralization of histones can attenuate acute liver, lung, and brain injuries. In conclusion, HMGB1 and histones play a significant role in inducing systemic inflammation and MOF in ALF.
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A novel synthetic derivative of squamosamide FLZ inhibits the high mobility group box 1 protein-mediated neuroinflammatory responses in murine BV2 microglial cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 390:643-650. [PMID: 28280849 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases. FLZ, a squamosamide derivative, has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease models and shows strong anti-inflammatory activity, while the precise mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of FLZ on HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses. The effects of FLZ on HMGB1 release from microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide were first explored by Western blot assay and ELISA. Then, co-immunoprecipition was used to study FLZ's effect on the interaction between HMGB1 and its receptor TLR4. Finally, we employed HMGB1 to simulate pro-inflammatory responses and then studied the inhibitory effects of FLZ on its bioactivity. FLZ has a significant inhibitory effect on HMGB1 release while it exerts no inhibitory effect on the binding between HMGB1 and TLR4. After the recognition of HMGB1 by TLR4, NF-κB signaling pathway is activated. FLZ could efficaciously alleviate HMGB1-induced inflammatory responses via the suppression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. FLZ could inhibit HMGB1 release as well as HMGB1-induced inflammatory responses, HMGB1 might be one of the FLZ anti-inflammatory targets, and interfering at this inflammatory mediator may have benefit effects on neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.
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HMGB1 and Histones Play a Significant Role in Inducing Systemic Inflammation and Multiple Organ Dysfunctions in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:1817564. [PMID: 28316860 PMCID: PMC5339498 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1817564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) starts as a local inflammation of pancreatic tissue that induces the development of multiple extrapancreatic organs dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. Ischemia-reperfusion, circulating inflammatory cytokines, and possible bile cytokines significantly contribute to gut mucosal injury and intestinal bacterial translocation (BT) during SAP. Circulating HMGB1 level is significantly increased in SAP patients and HMGB1 is an important factor that mediates (at least partly) gut BT during SAP. Gut BT plays a critical role in triggering/inducing systemic inflammation/sepsis in critical illness, and profound systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during SAP, and systemic inflammation with multiorgan dysfunction is the cause of death in experimental SAP. Therefore, HMGB1 is an important factor that links gut BT and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, HMGB1 significantly contributes to multiple organ injuries. The SAP patients also have significantly increased circulating histones and cell-free DNAs levels, which can reflect the disease severity and contribute to multiple organ injuries in SAP. Hepatic Kupffer cells (KCs) are the predominant source of circulating inflammatory cytokines in SAP, and new evidence indicates that hepatocyte is another important source of circulating HMGB1 in SAP; therefore, treating the liver injury is important in SAP.
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Daniels MJD, Brough D. Unconventional Pathways of Secretion Contribute to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E102. [PMID: 28067797 PMCID: PMC5297736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the conventional pathway of protein secretion, leader sequence-containing proteins leave the cell following processing through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi body. However, leaderless proteins also enter the extracellular space through mechanisms collectively known as unconventional secretion. Unconventionally secreted proteins often have vital roles in cell and organism function such as inflammation. Amongst the best-studied inflammatory unconventionally secreted proteins are interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1α, IL-33 and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In this review we discuss the current understanding of the unconventional secretion of these proteins and highlight future areas of research such as the role of nuclear localisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J D Daniels
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Richard SA, Min W, Su Z, Xu H. High Mobility Group Box 1 and Traumatic Brain Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2017.72006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Manti S, Cuppari C, Tardino L, Parisi G, Spina M, Salpietro C, Leonardi S. HMGB1 as a new biomarker of celiac disease in children: A multicenter study. Nutrition 2016; 37:18-21. [PMID: 28359357 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the availability of specific sierology and point-of-care tests, the phenotypic heterogeneity and the symptoms fluctuation as well as the "open-window" existing among the late and silent forms cause often a delayed celiac disease (CD) diagnosis. Recently, it has been reported that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates inflammation and gastrointestinal barrier failure. The aim of this study was to detect serum HMGB1 levels at CD diagnosis and to evaluate the relationship between serum HMGB1 levels and clinical and histologic phenotypes. METHODS 49 CD children and 44 healthy children were enrolled. Specific antitissue transglutaminase type 2, antideaminated form of gliadin antibodies, serum HMGB1 levels, and typical histopathological changes in duodenal mucosa were performed in all patients. Mucosal lesions were classified according to Marsh classification. In relation to clinical presentation, we classified patients into: typical, atypical and silent forms. RESULTS Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in those with CD than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.001). Significant differences in serum HMGB1 levels were detected in children with typical CD form compared to both children with atypical CD form (P < 0.001) and children with silent CD form (P < 0.001). By using the Marsh classification, significant differences were found between subjects with grade 3 B-B1 and 3 C-B2 and villous atrophy, respectively (P < 0.05). On the contrary, no significant differences in serum HMGB1 levels in subgroups of children with grade 3 A compared to grade 3 B-B1 were detected. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 is upregulated at diagnosis in all CD children, especially in typical form, and reflecting the histologic severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Cuppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lucia Tardino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Parisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Spina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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50
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Chamorro V, Pandolfi R, Moreno L, Barreira B, Martínez-Ramas A, Morales-Cano D, Ruiz-Cabello J, Lorente JA, Duarte J, Cogolludo Á, Alvarez-Sala JL, Perez-Vizcaino F. Effects of Quercetin in a Rat Model of Hemorrhagic Traumatic Shock and Reperfusion. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121739. [PMID: 27999410 PMCID: PMC6273949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We hypothesized that treatment with quercetin could result in improved hemodynamics, lung inflammatory parameters and mortality in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Rats were anesthetized (80 mg/kg ketamine plus 8 mg/kg xylazine i.p.). The protocol included laparotomy for 15 min (trauma), hemorrhagic shock (blood withdrawal to reduce the mean arterial pressure to 35 mmHg) for 75 min and resuscitation by re-infusion of all the shed blood plus lactate Ringer for 90 min. Intravenous quercetin (50 mg/kg) or vehicle were administered during resuscitation. Results: There was a trend for increased survival 84.6% (11/13) in the treated group vs. the shock group 68.4% (13/19, p > 0.05 Kaplan–Meier). Quercetin fully prevented the development of lung edema. The activity of aSMase was increased in the shock group compared to the sham group and the quercetin prevented this effect. However, other inflammatory markers such as myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin-6 in plasma or bronchoalveolar fluid were similar in the sham and shock groups. We found no bacterial DNA in plasma in these animals. Conclusions: Quercetin partially prevented the changes in blood pressure and lung injury in shock associated to hemorrhage and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Chamorro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain.
| | - Rachele Pandolfi
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain.
| | - Laura Moreno
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain.
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain.
| | - Andrea Martínez-Ramas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain.
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain.
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - José Angel Lorente
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid 28905, Spain.
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28905, Spain.
| | - Juan Duarte
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Ciberec), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Ángel Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain.
| | - José Luis Alvarez-Sala
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain.
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