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Kaushik G, Vashishtha R, Verma C, Sharma S, Kumar V. Genetic Variation in Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) 2, 4, and 9 Influences HIV Disease Progression Toward Active TB and AIDS. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3283-3291. [PMID: 38800599 PMCID: PMC11128240 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s451431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are identified as one of the key components of the innate immune system. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of genetic variability in these TLRs on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression with and without tuberculosis (TB) co-infection. Materials and Methods This prospective, cross-sectional, and longitudinal study included 373 HIV-positive patients without TB infection. This study aimed to examine the genetic variation in TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9) between patients with HIV-1 infection and those who progressed to active TB during the two years of follow-up. Results During the two year follow-up of 373 positive patients, 98 patients progressed to active TB/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). When comparing 98 HIV patients who developed active TB/AIDS to 275 HIV patients who did not, it was discovered that the frequency of the A allele in TLR9 was considerably higher (p <0.001) in HIV patients progressed to active TB/AIDS. Ninety eight HIV individuals who advanced to active TB/AIDS showed a significantly higher frequency of the AA genotype in TLR9 than did in HIV patients who had no TB/AIDS (p <0.001). Conclusion The increased association of the AA genotype of TLR9 in HIV patients who progressed to active TB during follow-up suggests that HIV-positive patients with the AA genotype of TLR9 have increased susceptibility towards TB during the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kaushik
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Richa Vashishtha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shipra Sharma
- Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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Bishnoi S, Jyotsana B, Kumar V, Prakash V, Ranjan R, Narnaware SD, Pannu U. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene polymorphism and its association with somatic cell score and milk production traits in Indian dromedary camels. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2331642. [PMID: 38520296 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2331642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Our study aimed to explore the genetic variation in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene and establish its association with somatic cell score (SCS) and milk production traits in four Indian camel breeds namely Bikaneri, Kachchhi, Jaisalmeri and Mewari. TLR4 gene fragment of 573 bp spanning 5' UTR, exon-1 and partial intron-1 region was amplified and genotyped using the PCR-sequence based typing method. Only one SNP located at position C472T was identified. Genotyping revealed two alleles (C and T) and three genotypes: CC, CT and TT. The genotype frequencies for CC, CT and TT were 0.116, 0.326 and 0.558 and allele frequencies for C and T alleles were 0.279 and 0.721, respectively. Association study inferred that the effect of genotype on SCS, lactation yield (LY) and peak yield (PY) was non-significant however heterozygote (CT) genotypes recorded lower SCS and higher LY and PY. It can be concluded that the TLR4 gene possesses limited genetic variation, depicting polymorphism at a single locus in Indian camel breeds with a predominance of the TT genotype. The association study indicated that heterozygote animals possess better udder health and production performance, the statistical significance of which needs to be established using a large data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bishnoi
- CVAS, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Basanti Jyotsana
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- CVAS, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rakesh Ranjan
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Urmila Pannu
- CVAS, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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Soleiman-Meigooni S, Yarahmadi A, Kheirkhah AH, Afkhami H. Recent advances in different interactions between toll-like receptors and hepatitis B infection: a review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363996. [PMID: 38545106 PMCID: PMC10965641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) B infections remain a primary global health concern. The immunopathology of the infection, specifically the interactions between HBV and the host immune system, remains somewhat unknown. It has been discovered that innate immune reactions are vital in eliminating HBV. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an essential category of proteins that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). They begin pathways of intracellular signals to stimulate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus forming adaptive immune reactions. HBV TLRs include TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9. Each TLR has its particular molecule to recognize; various TLRs impact HBV and play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. TLR gene polymorphisms may have an advantageous or disadvantageous efficacy on HBV infection, and some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence the progression or prognosis of infection. Additionally, it has been discovered that similar SNPs in TLR genes might have varied effects on distinct populations due to stress, diet, and external physical variables. In addition, activation of TLR-interceded signaling pathways could suppress HBV replication and increase HBV-particular T-cell and B-cell reactions. By identifying these associated polymorphisms, we can efficiently advance the immune efficacy of vaccines. Additionally, this will enhance our capability to forecast the danger of HBV infection or the threat of dependent liver disease development via several TLR SNPs, thus playing a role in the inhibition, monitoring, and even treatment guidance for HBV infection. This review will show TLR polymorphisms, their influence on TLR signaling, and their associations with HBV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aref Yarahmadi
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossein Kheirkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Ben Chaaben A, Ayadi I, Abaza H, Baroudi O, Douik H, Harzallah L, Bouassida J, Bouckouaci W, Guemira F, Mankai A, Kharrat M, Tamouza R. Impact of toll-like receptor 4 variations on nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk and survival in tunisian population. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2024; 102:100-106. [PMID: 38567476 PMCID: PMC11358798 DOI: 10.62438/tunismed.v102i2.4270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an important member of the host's innate immune response, is coded by a polymorphic gene. This polymorphism could be a predisposing factor for NasoPharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). AIM To determine the association between TLR4 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to NPC in a cohort of Tunisian affected patients. METHODS Genomic DNAs from 245 unrelated patients affected by undifferentiated carcinoma type (UCNT) and 264 unrelated healthy controls were genotyped for the five single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR4 locus (4434 A>G (rs1927914),7263 G>C (rs10759932), 6134 A>G(rs4986790), 8851C>T (rs 4986791), 5272 T>C(rs11536889), +8469 T>C (rs11536891)) by Taqman® 5'-nuclease assay. RESULTS Among all polymorphisms studied, only the rs4986790 G and rs4986791 T alleles were significantly more prevalent in patients' group than controls (45% vs. 38%; p=0.03; pc=0.06) and increased the risk of the NPC (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.01-1.69). Also, we found that the frequency of the rs4986790 AA and rs4986791 TT genotypes was significantly higher in controls than in patients (25.7% vs 37%; p=0.006, pc=0.02) and conferred a protector factor in NPC (OR= 0.59, 95% CI= 0.39-0.87). Further, based on the Kaplan-Meier survival curve we observed also the positive effect ofrs1927914 AA genotype on a prognostic of NPC (p=0.006; pc=0.01). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that impaired production of TLR4 seems to be a risk factor of NPC development but functional studies are needed to confirm these findings. As to rs1927914 AA appears to be a good biomarker for better survival in a patient with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arij Ben Chaaben
- Humain genetic lab, Medical school of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
- Clinical biology lab, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunisia
- High school of sciences and techniques of health, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ayadi
- Immunology laboratory, La Rabta hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hejer Abaza
- Humain genetic lab, Medical school of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
- Clinical biology lab, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Baroudi
- Humain genetic lab, Medical school of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Hayet Douik
- Humain genetic lab, Medical school of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
- Clinical biology lab, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunisia
| | | | - Jihen Bouassida
- University Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPT, Fondation Fonda Mental, Créteil, France
| | - Wahid Bouckouaci
- University Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPT, Fondation Fonda Mental, Créteil, France
- INSERM UMRS 940 and "Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)"
| | - Fethi Guemira
- Clinical biology lab, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunisia
| | - Amani Mankai
- High school of sciences and techniques of health, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Maher Kharrat
- Humain genetic lab, Medical school of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- University Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, FHU ADAPT, Fondation Fonda Mental, Créteil, France
- INSERM UMRS 940 and "Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)"
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Qin Y, Chen J, Xu K, Lu Y, Xu F, Shi J. Triad3A involved in the regulation of endotoxin tolerance and mycobactericidal activity through the NFκB-nitric oxide pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e925. [PMID: 37506157 PMCID: PMC10363814 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is characterized by an endotoxin tolerance phenotype that occurs in the stage of infection. Persistent bacterial infection can lead to immune cell exhaustion. Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates its activation by TLR4. However, the effect of Triad3A on endotoxin tolerance and bactericidal ability in the state of endotoxin tolerance remains unclear. METHODS Using single dose LPS and repeated LPS stimulated macrophage cell lines at indicated times, we investigated miR-191, Tirad3A, TRAF3, TLR4, p-P65, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS expression, the effect of miR-191 on Triad3A and TRAF3, gene loss-of-function analyses, the effect of Triad3A on TLR4, p-P65, cytokine, and mycobactericidal activity in endotoxin tolerant cells infected with Mycobacterium marinum. RESULTS Here we found that Triad3A is involved in regulating endotoxin tolerance. Our result also displayed that miR-191 expression is downregulated in macrophages in the state of endotoxin tolerance. miR-191 can directly bind to Triad3A and TRAF3. Additionally, knockdown of Triad3A can reverse the effect of decreasing TNF-α and IL-1β in endotoxin tolerant macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the TLR4-NF-κB-NO pathway was associated with Triad3A and responsible for the killing of intracellular mycobacteria in a tuberculosis sepsis model. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insight into the mechanisms of Triad3A induced tolerogenic phenotype in macrophages, which can help the better comprehension of the pathogenesis involved in septic shock with infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and suggest that Triad3A may be a potential drug target for the treatment of severe septic tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuang Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feifan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Korver SK, Bowen JM, Gibson RJ, Ball IA, Secombe KR, Wain TJ, Logan RM, Tuke J, Mead KR, Richards AM, Karapetis CS, Keefe DM, Coller JK. Advanced statistics identification of participant and treatment predictors associated with severe adverse effects induced by fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:507-521. [PMID: 37162533 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse effects following fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens are common. However, there are no current accepted diagnostic markers for prediction prior to treatment, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine genetic and non-genetic predictors of adverse effects. METHODS Genomic DNA was analyzed for 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Demographics, comorbidities, cancer and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimen types, and adverse effect data were obtained from clinical records for 155 Australian White participants. Associations were determined by bivariate analysis, logistic regression modeling and Bayesian network analysis. RESULTS Twelve different adverse effects were observed in the participants, the most common severe adverse effect was diarrhea (12.9%). Bivariate analysis revealed associations between all adverse effects except neutropenia, between genetic and non-genetic predictors, and between 8 genetic and 12 non-genetic predictors with more than 1 adverse effect. Logistic regression modeling of adverse effects revealed a greater/sole role for six genetic predictors in overall gastrointestinal toxicity, nausea and/or vomiting, constipation, and neutropenia, and for nine non-genetic predictors in diarrhea, mucositis, neuropathy, generalized pain, hand-foot syndrome, skin toxicity, cardiotoxicity and fatigue. The Bayesian network analysis revealed less directly associated predictors (one genetic and six non-genetic) with adverse effects and confirmed associations between six adverse effects, eight genetic predictors and nine non-genetic predictors. CONCLUSION This study is the first to link both genetic and non-genetic predictors with adverse effects following fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Collectively, we report a wealth of information that warrants further investigation to elucidate the clinical significance, especially associations with genetic predictors and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Korver
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, L2 Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel J Gibson
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Imogen A Ball
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate R Secombe
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Taylor J Wain
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, L2 Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Richard M Logan
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan Tuke
- School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kelly R Mead
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | | | - Christos S Karapetis
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
- Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Dorothy M Keefe
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Janet K Coller
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, L2 Helen Mayo South, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Rifkin RF, Vikram S, Alcorta J, Ramond JB, Cowan DA, Jakobsson M, Schlebusch CM, Lombard M. Rickettsia felis DNA recovered from a child who lived in southern Africa 2000 years ago. Commun Biol 2023; 6:240. [PMID: 36869137 PMCID: PMC9984395 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Stone Age record of South Africa provides some of the earliest evidence for the biological and cultural origins of Homo sapiens. While there is extensive genomic evidence for the selection of polymorphisms in response to pathogen-pressure in sub-Saharan Africa, e.g., the sickle cell trait which provides protection against malaria, there is inadequate direct human genomic evidence for ancient human-pathogen infection in the region. Here, we analysed shotgun metagenome libraries derived from the sequencing of a Later Stone Age hunter-gatherer child who lived near Ballito Bay, South Africa, c. 2000 years ago. This resulted in the identification of ancient DNA sequence reads homologous to Rickettsia felis, the causative agent of typhus-like flea-borne rickettsioses, and the reconstruction of an ancient R. felis genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaan F Rifkin
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa.
- Department of Anthropology and Geography, Human Origins and Palaeoenvironmental Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Surendra Vikram
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Jaime Alcorta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ramond
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology and Geography, Human Origins and Palaeoenvironmental Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Mattias Jakobsson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen, Uppsala, Sweden
- Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
- SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina M Schlebusch
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen, Uppsala, Sweden
- Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
- SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marlize Lombard
- Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa.
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Infection and Immunity. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Phenotyping of Fecal Microbiota of Winnie, a Rodent Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis, Reveals Specific Metabolic, Genotoxic, and Pro-inflammatory Properties. Inflammation 2022; 45:2477-2497. [PMID: 35732858 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Winnie, a mouse carrying a missense mutation in the MUC2 mucin gene, is a valuable model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with signs and symptoms that have multiple similarities with those observed in patients with ulcerative colitis. MUC2 mucin is present in Winnie, but is not firmly compacted in a tight inner layer. Indeed, these mice develop chronic intestinal inflammation due to the primary epithelial defect with signs of mucosal damage, including thickening of muscle and mucosal layers, goblet cell loss, increased intestinal permeability, enhanced susceptibility to luminal inflammation-inducing toxins, and alteration of innervation in the distal colon. In this study, we show that the intestinal environment of the Winnie mouse, genetically determined by MUC2 mutation, selects an intestinal microbial community characterized by specific pro-inflammatory, genotoxic, and metabolic features that could imply a direct involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation. We report results obtained by using a variety of in vitro approaches for fecal microbiota functional characterization. These approaches include Caco-2 cell cultures and Caco-2/THP-1 cell co-culture models for evaluation of geno-cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory properties using a panel of 43 marker RNAs assayed by RT-qPCR, and cell-based phenotypic testing for metabolic profiling of the intestinal microbial communities by Biolog EcoPlates. While adding a further step towards understanding the etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying IBD, the results of this study provide a reliable method for phenotyping gut microbial communities, which can complement their structural characterization by providing novel functional information.
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Titi-Lartey O, Mohammed I, Amoaku WM. Toll-Like Receptor Signalling Pathways and the Pathogenesis of Retinal Diseases. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:850394. [PMID: 38983565 PMCID: PMC11182157 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.850394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the pathogenesis of retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have a significant chronic inflammatory component. A vital part of the inflammatory cascade is through the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) such as toll-like receptors (TLR). Here, we reviewed the past and current literature to ascertain the cumulative knowledge regarding the effect of TLRs on the development and progression of retinal diseases. There is burgeoning research demonstrating the relationship between TLRs and risk of developing retinal diseases, utilising a range of relevant disease models and a few large clinical investigations. The literature confirms that TLRs are involved in the development and progression of retinal diseases such as DR, AMD, and ischaemic retinopathy. Genetic polymorphisms in TLRs appear to contribute to the risk of developing AMD and DR. However, there are some inconsistencies in the published reports which require further elucidation. The evidence regarding TLR associations in retinal dystrophies including retinitis pigmentosa is limited. Based on the current evidence relating to the role of TLRs, combining anti-VEGF therapies with TLR inhibition may provide a longer-lasting treatment in some retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Winfried M. Amoaku
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Toll-like Receptor 4, Osteoblasts and Leukemogenesis; the Lesson from Acute Myeloid Leukemia. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030735. [PMID: 35163998 PMCID: PMC8838156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern-recognizing receptor that can bind exogenous and endogenous ligands. It is expressed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, several bone marrow stromal cells, and nonleukemic cells involved in inflammation. TLR4 can bind a wide range of endogenous ligands that are present in the bone marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, the TLR4-expressing nonleukemic bone marrow cells include various mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, differentiated myeloid cells, and inflammatory/immunocompetent cells. Osteoblasts are important stem cell supporting cells localized to the stem cell niches, and they support the proliferation and survival of primary AML cells. These supporting effects are mediated by the bidirectional crosstalk between AML cells and supportive osteoblasts through the local cytokine network. Finally, TLR4 is also important for the defense against complicating infections in neutropenic patients, and it seems to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory and immunological reactions in patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Thus, TLR4 has direct effects on primary AML cells, and it has indirect effects on the leukemic cells through modulation of their supporting neighboring bone marrow stromal cells (i.e., modulation of stem cell niches, regulation of angiogenesis). Furthermore, in allotransplant recipients TLR4 can modulate inflammatory and potentially antileukemic immune reactivity. The use of TLR4 targeting as an antileukemic treatment will therefore depend both on the biology of the AML cells, the biological context of the AML cells, aging effects reflected both in the AML and the stromal cells and the additional antileukemic treatment combined with HSP90 inhibition.
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Asghari A, Nowras T, Tavakoli T, Fakharian T, Razavi FE, Soltaninejad E, Naseri M. Association between rs4986790 and rs4986791 Polymorphisms in TLR4 with Colorectal Cancer Risk in Iranian Population. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421060028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Quirino MG, Macedo LC, Pagnano KBB, Pagliarini-E-Silva S, Sell AM, Visentainer JEL. Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4995-5001. [PMID: 34191235 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane receptors whose signaling control cellular processes of cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis, remodeling, and repair of tissues. Polymorphisms in TLR genes can change the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating the risk of infection, chronic inflammation, and cancer. Although many studies have demonstrated the direct involvement of TLR signaling in the benefit of tumor cells in certain cancers, little is known about the influence of these gene polymorphisms on myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). In this context, the objective of the study was to investigate a possible association between the TLR polymorphisms and the development of MPNs. 167 patients diagnosed with MPN and 222 healthy controls from the same region were evaluated. Genomic DNA was extracted and the TLR2 (rs5743708), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4986791), TLR9 (rs5743836, rs187084) and JAK2V617F polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. The statistical analysis was performed by OpenEpi and SNPstat software. The JAK2V617F mutation was found in 68.32% of patients. TLR9-1486C/T CT genotype was less frequent in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20-0.78, P = 0.025). When haplotype frequencies were analyzed, -1237T/-1486C (TLR9) was also less frequent in men (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36-0.94) and JAK negative men patients (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.88). We can infer that the TLR9-1486 CT genotype could be associated with protection for PV and the TLR9-1237T/-1486C haplotype, protection for men, as well as for JAK negative men patients with MPN. There were no associations between TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms and MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Gonçalves Quirino
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology of the State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, bloco T20, sala 109, Maringá, PR, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conci Macedo
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology of the State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, bloco T20, sala 109, Maringá, PR, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Sell
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology of the State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, bloco T20, sala 109, Maringá, PR, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology of the State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, bloco T20, sala 109, Maringá, PR, CEP: 87020-900, Brazil.
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Lio D, Scola L, Giarratana RM, Candore G, Colonna-Romano G, Caruso C, Balistreri CR. SARS CoV2 infection _The longevity study perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101299. [PMID: 33607290 PMCID: PMC7885677 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Like other infectious diseases, COVID-19 shows a clinical outcome enormously variable, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal. In Italy, like in other countries, old male individuals, with one or more comorbidity, are the most susceptible group, and show, consequently, the highest mortality, and morbidity, including lethal respiratory distress syndrome, as the most common complication. In addition, another extraordinary peculiarity, that is a surprising resistance to COVID-19, characterizes some Italian nonagenarians/centenarians. Despite having the typical COVID-19 signs and/or symptoms, such exceptional individuals show a surprising tendency to recover from illness and complications. On the other hand, long-lived people have an optimal performance of immune system related to an overexpression of anti-inflammatory variants in immune/inflammatory genes, as demonstrated by our and other groups. Consequently, we suggest long-lived people as an optimal model for detecting genetic profiles associated with the susceptibility and/or protection to COVID-19, to utilize as potential pharmacological targets for preventing or reducing viral infection in more vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lio
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Scola
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Cellular/Molecular Biology and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Giarratana
- Cellular/Molecular Biology and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Colonna-Romano
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Immunosenescence Study Group, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced, Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Cellular/Molecular Biology and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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15
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Heng AHS, Say YH, Sio YY, Ng YT, Chew FT. Gene variants associated with acne vulgaris presentation and severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:103. [PMID: 33849530 PMCID: PMC8045239 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors have been attributed to acne vulgaris predisposition and individual variations in the severity of skin symptoms, and genetics stood out as one of the major factors. METHODS We performed a systematic review on the genes and their variants that have been investigated for association with acne presentation and severity. A random-effect meta-analysis using the allele model (minor allele vs. major allele) was also conducted to provide an overall estimation of risk effects of frequently reported gene variants. This included a subset data of 982 acne cases and 846 controls extracted from our existing GWAS database on various allergic and skin diseases among Singapore Chinese. RESULTS Systematic review of 51 articles covering Asians and Caucasians found 60 genes/loci and their 100 variants implicated in acne; majority of them were in the intron, coding region/missense, and promoter regions. The commonly studied candidate genes/gene families include tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and the interleukin (IL) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene families. Our meta-analysis showed that most of the analyzed gene variants exhibited insignificant pooled odds ratio (pOR) and significant heterogeneity between studies. Nevertheless, we found that TNF rs1800629 A allele carriers and CYP17A1 rs743572 T allele carriers had significantly reduced mild acne risk [pOR: 0.60; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.33-0.86] and severe acne risk (pOR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40-0.79), respectively, across populations. Overall, FST (follistatin) rs629725 A allele poses a significantly modest increased risk for acne presentation (pOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.23), but neither TIMP2 (TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2) rs8179090 nor CYP1A1 rs4646903 (pOR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.80-1.12; pOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.08), respectively. We discovered 15 novel SNPs in the 3' UTR region of the Toll-like Receptor 4 gene (TLR4) associated with acne presentation. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that genes influencing inflammatory responses, specifically TNF, and genes influencing the function and activity of sebaceous glands, specifically CYP17A1 and FST, have potential risk variants for acne presentation and severity across populations. Understanding the genetic susceptibility factors and biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of acne will help us to gain insights into developing effective acne treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hwee Sing Heng
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yee-How Say
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Ng
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wang L, Shi J, Tan Y, Luo Y, Huang H, Cai Z. Toll-like Receptor 4 Gene Polymorphisms in Chinese Population After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Curr Bioinform 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893615999200818155048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives::
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most common complication after
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and remains to be a major cause of mortality.
Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) by lipopolysaccharide induces the NF-κB signaling
pathway to release critical proinflammatory cytokines and increases the recipient response to
GVHD. In order to clarify the role of TLR-4 in the occurrence of acute GVHD after HSCT, we
collected 208 samples from HSCT recipients and their human lecucyte antigen identical donors to
test the hypothesis that TLR-4polymorphism in the recipients or donors influence the risk of acute
GVHD in allogeneic HSCT recipients.
Methods::
TLR-4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms of each sample were examined by
using DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
methods.
Results::
No homozygous or heterozygous variant alleles of the Asp299Gly or Thr339Ile
polymorphism were detected in any samples in our study. Our results demonstrate that TLR-4
Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms might be very rare in the Chinese population (Eastern
China and Taiwan region).
Conclusion::
The results of this study cannot confirm the role of TLR-4 mutations in the
pathogenesis of GVHD in humans, yet we reach a definite conclusion by a TLR-4 knockout
murine GVHD model in our ongoing project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Jimin Shi
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Yamin Tan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
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Assessment on the influence of TLR4 and DNA repair genes in laryngeal cancer susceptibility: a selective examination in a Romanian case control study. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Tumor characterization through the study of molecular biology has become an invaluable tool in understanding cancer development and evolution due to its relationship with chromosomal mutations, alterations or aberrations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of genes such as TLR-4 and DNA repair pathways (XRCC1 and XPD) in laryngeal cancer susceptibility in a Romanian population. Method: We performed a case-control study on 157 laryngeal cancer patients and 101 healthy controls. Genetic testing was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Results: We identified the Gln allele of the XPDLys751Gln polymorphism as an individual risk factor in laryngeal cancer development (Gln vs Lys, adjusted OR=1.65, 95%CI=1.13–2.40, P=0.008). Subjects with the mutant homozygote variant (Gln/Gln) had a two fold increase in cancer risk (adjusted OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.06–4.47, p=0.028) when compared to the reference wild type genotype (Lys/Lys). Stratification by sex and age, identified males under 62 years as the most susceptible group with an almost three fold risk (adjusted OR=2.94, 95%CI=1.31–6.59, p=0.007) for the dominant model (Lys/Gln+Gln/Gln). No associations were found for TLR-4Thr399Ile, XRCC1Arg194Trp and XRCC1Arg399Gln. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the XPDLys751Gln polymorphism may be among other independent risk factors for developing laryngeal cancer where as TLR-4Thr399Ile, XRCC1Arg194Trp and XRCC1 Arg399Gln show no such association. However, we consider the relative small number of the subjects selected for this analyses a possible limitation towards the real influence the obtain results may pertain in laryngeal cancer evolution.
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18
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Hebbel RP, Belcher JD, Vercellotti GM. The multifaceted role of ischemia/reperfusion in sickle cell anemia. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1062-1072. [PMID: 32118586 DOI: 10.1172/jci133639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia is a unique disease dominated by hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive events. The latter trigger a version of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) pathobiology that is singular in its origin, cyclicity, complexity, instability, perpetuity, and breadth of clinical consequences. Specific clinical features are probably attributable to local I/R injury (e.g., stroke syndromes) or remote organ injury (e.g., acute chest syndrome) or the systematization of inflammation (e.g., multifocal arteriopathy). Indeed, by fashioning an underlying template of endothelial dysfunction and vulnerability, the robust inflammatory systematization no doubt contributes to all sickle pathology. In this Review, we highlight I/R-targeting therapeutics shown to improve microvascular blood flow in sickle transgenic mice undergoing I/R, and we suggest how such insights might be translated into human therapeutic strategies.
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Zhang X, Feng T, Zhou X, Sullivan PM, Hu F, Lou Y, Yu J, Feng J, Liu H, Chen Y. Inactivation of TMEM106A promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 203:125-136. [PMID: 33006758 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), play an important role in the host defense against invading microbial pathogens. Their activation must be precisely regulated, as inappropriate activation or overactivation of TLR signaling pathways may result in inflammatory disorders, such as septic shock or autoimmune diseases. TMEM106A is a type II transmembrane protein constitutively expressed in macrophages. Our current study demonstrated that TMEM106A levels were increased in macrophages upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, as well as in the peripheral monocytes of patients with sepsis. Tmem106a knockout mice were more sensitive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock than wild-type mice. Further experiments indicated that Tmem106a ablation enhanced the expression of CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II in mouse macrophages upon LPS stimulation, accompanied with up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-β and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), indicating the activation of macrophages and polarization towards the M1 inflammatory phenotype. Moreover, elevated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling were found to be involved in the LPS-induced inflammatory response in Tmem106a-/- macrophages. However, this effect was largely abrogated by macrophage deletion in Tmem106a-/- mice. Therefore, deficiency of Tmem106a in macrophages may enhance the M1 polarization in mice, resulting in inflammation. This suggests that TMEM106A plays an important regulatory role in maintaining macrophage homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - T Feng
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - X Zhou
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - P M Sullivan
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - F Hu
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Y Lou
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - J Yu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - J Feng
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Strutynskaya AD, Karnaushkina MA, Tyurin IE, Komarova IS. Salmonella sepsis in a patient with TLR4 gene polymorphisms. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:1545-1551. [PMID: 32670458 PMCID: PMC7341060 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoid Salmonella gastroenteritis is one of the most common forms of intestinal infections among the population of developed countries and generalized forms of infection are rare. We present a case of 67-year-old woman with salmonaella sepsis, deep venous thrombosis, and septic thromboembolism of pulmonary artery complicated with development of necrotizing pneumonia. Generalization of the infectious process was mediated by the presence of polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene. Development of pulmonary infarction is infrequent. Even rarer is a formation of cavities in infarcted lung tissue, usually in the background of the infectious disease. A combination of 2 rare conditions in 1 patient demonstrates the need of multidisciplinary approach in treatment of severe and atypical forms of infectious diseases to evaluate the primary etiology of such state. The article will discuss various aspects of lung tissue damage caused by Salmonella and give a brief overview of the literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia D. Strutynskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Build.1, 2, Lomonosov Ave, Moscow, 119296, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author.
| | - Maria A. Karnaushkina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Tyurin
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina S. Komarova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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21
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TLR4 Receptor D299G/T399I Haplotype Polymorphism Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Obese Female Subjects. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070814. [PMID: 32708841 PMCID: PMC7397302 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of Toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) causes chronic inflammation that can result in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MeS). Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of TLR4 polymorphisms of TLR4D299G/T399I, and its impact on protein expression of TLR4 in obese female subjects. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional association study was performed on Arab female subjects from Qatar University. The subjects were categorized according to BMI classifications into two groups: “obese; n = 69” and “non-obese; n = 136”. Anthropometric measurements, weight (kg), height (m) and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Fasting blood samples were collected, and assessment of glucose, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, IL-6 and insulin was performed. Insulin resistance was computed using HOMA-IR. Genotyping of the TLR4 polymorphisms of TLR4D299G (rs4986790) and TLR4T399I (rs4986791) was performed by the 5′ nuclease assay by TaqMan MGB probe. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the monocyte cell surface expression of TLR4. Results: The frequency distribution of the genotype revealed that homozygous AA is the most frequent among obese subjects (86.4%) for (TLR4D299G, A > G) and the homozygous CC genotype is the most frequent (92.4%) for (TLR4T399I, C > T). Haplotype analysis of TLR4 D299G/T399I showed that GT carriers had a significant association with increased probability of insulin resistance (odds ratio = 4.73; 95% CI 1.19–18.90; p-value = 0.016). The monocyte cell surface of TLR4 was significantly higher by 1.3 folds in obese compared to non-obese subjects. Conclusions: TLR4 D299G/T399I haplotype polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance with the upregulation of TLR4 protein expression in obese subjects.
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22
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Liu XC, Guo XH, Chen X, Yao Y. Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms rs4986790 and rs4986791 and age-related macular degeneration susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:31-35. [PMID: 32102594 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1723117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several studies have investigated two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4986790 and rs4986791) of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) susceptibility. However, their results varied. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between these two SNPs and AMD susceptibility.Materials and Methods: We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles indexed up to July 20, 2019. Studies investigating the association between TLR4 polymorphisms rs4986790 (Asp299Gly) and rs4986791 (Thr399Ile) and AMD susceptibility were included in this systematic review. The results of the included studies were pooled with allele contrast, recessive, dominant and overdominant models. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias.Results: Six studies with 9 cohorts were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The recessive and overdominant models showed that rs4986790 was significantly associated with AMD susceptibility, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.73 and 1.41, respectively. By contrast, rs4986791 was not associated with AMD susceptibility. No publication bias was observed for either rs4986791 or rs4986790.Conclusion: The current evidence supports the hypothesis that rs4986790 but not rs4986791 is associated with AMD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in TLR4 Affect Susceptibility to Tuberculosis in Mexican Population from the State of Veracruz. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2965697. [PMID: 32411792 PMCID: PMC7204096 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2965697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is still a global public health problem, with an estimated 10 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths in 2017. Of all humans infected with M. tuberculosis, only 10-15% will develop active tuberculosis disease during their lifetime, and data suggest that along with environmental factors, genetic factors influence susceptibility to develop active disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that play a central role in the initiation and shaping of adaptive immune responses, and several TLRs have been shown to recognize mycobacterial components. In this work, we performed a case-control study to determine if common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding TLRs 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 are associated with susceptibility to develop active tuberculosis in population from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. The study included 279 cases and 569 controls. The results show that the frequency of two SNPs in TLR4 was significantly higher in controls than in tuberculosis patients. The minor allele (G) of rs4986790 in TLR4 (D299G) decreased the risk of active tuberculosis in the allelic (A vs. G, OR = 0.31, 95%CI = 0.09‐0.81, p = 0.01) and in the dominant genetic model (AA vs. GG+AG, OR = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.09‐0.77, p = 0.02). Similarly, the minor allele (T) of rs4986791 in TLR4 (T399I) decreased the risk of active disease in the allelic model (C vs. T, OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.10‐0.90, p = 0.03). We did not find an association of SNPs in TLR1 (N248S), TLR2 (R753Q), TLR6 (S249P), and TLR10 (A153S and V298I) with tuberculosis disease. These results suggest that in this population, genetic variants of TLR4 affect the susceptibility for suffering active tuberculosis disease.
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Huang WL, Xu Y, Wan SP. Association of Toll-like 4 receptor gene polymorphism (rs4986790, rs4986791) with the risk of urinary tract infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 36:206-211. [PMID: 31749314 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently published studies had shown that there may be a potential link between the Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI); however, no consensus was reached. To further understand the relationship between TLR SNPs and urinary tract infections, we searched for related studies published in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science before October 30, 2018, for further systematic review and meta-analysis. Our study accrued 10 case-control studies, which included 1476 urinary tract infection patients and 1449 healthy controls in TLR4(rs4986790, rs4986791). R3.4.2 and Stata 15.0 software were used for the analysis. In general, there was no statistically significant association between rs4986790 and urinary tract infection in the four genetic models. However, in the subgroup analysis, the Asian population showed significantly difference in the allelic model (G vs A: OR = 1.88 [95% CI:1.42-2.49], P = .03). In addition, there were also significant differences in the dominant model (GG + AG vs AA OR = 1.97 [95% CI:1.46-2.66], P = .01). Due to the small number of available literatures, no meaningful conclusion can be drawn regarding the relationship between TLR4 (rs4986791) and the risk of urinary tract infections in general. Nevertheless, our meta-analysis shows that in Asian populations, TLR4 (rs4986790) may be associated with risk of urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Huang
- Department of Urology, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, ZhuZhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, ZhuZhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shaw-Pong Wan
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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The relationship between TLR4 rs4986790 and rs4986791 gene polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori infection in children with gastritis. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152692. [PMID: 31690518 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TLR4 is involved in H. pylori lipopolysaccharide recognition and its SNPs might be related to increased risk of developing premalignant conditions and gastric cancer. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the associations between both TLR4 rs4986790 and rs4986791 gene polymorphisms and H. pylori infection in children with gastritis. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study on 150 children admitted in a Tertiary Centre from Romania, between March 2016 and July 2018 in order to evaluate them regarding demographic, endoscopic, histopathological and TLR4 gene polymorphisms. RESULTS Our final sample consisted of 50 children with H.pylori associated gastritis (group 1-Ghp group) and 97 children with gastritis without H.pylori infection (group 2). Poor socioeconomic status was a significant risk factor for H.pylori infection. We found no significant differences regarding the clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters between the two groups. Concordant results were found between the histopathological exam and rapid urease test. Variant genotypes of TLR4rs4986790 and TLR4rs4986791 gene polymorphisms acted as protective factors against H. pylori infection, without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The variant genotype of the TLR4 gene polymorphisms might be protective factors for H.pylori infection, while socioeconomic status is an risk factor for H. pylori infection. Urease test is a usefull diagnostic tool for H. pylori infection.
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Vamvakopoulou DN, Satra M, Fegga A, Kourti M, Sidiropoulos A, Daponte A, Gounaris A, Syrogiannopoulos G, Vamvakopoulos NC, Sotiriou S. Association of maternal Toll-like receptor-4 alleles with susceptibility to early-onset preeclampsia in central Greece. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 18:103-107. [PMID: 31586781 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered maternal inflammatory responses may play a role in the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy like preeclampsia, its more severe early-onset form and intrauterine growth restriction. We evaluated the relation of common allelic variants of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), known to impair the inflammatory response, with the susceptibility to early-onset preeclampsia in Central Greece. METHODS We compared the occurrence of TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) alleles in heterozygous (A/G, C/T) and homozygous (G/G, T/T) states in 84 women with a history of early-onset preeclampsia and 94 age matched controls with a history of only uneventful pregnancies, by direct sequencing. RESULTS Heterozygous TLR4 allelic variants were more common in women with a history of early-onset preeclampsia than in controls (GA for Asp299Gly: 14.3% vs 6.4% (AA), p = 0.053 & CT for Thr399Ile: 16.7% vs. 6.4% (CC), p = 0.019) and a stronger association was obtained when homozygous allelic carriers were also included (GA/GG for Asp299Gly: 16.7% vs. 6.4% (AA), p = 0.03 & TC/TT for Thr399Ile: 19.0% vs. 6.4% (CC), p = 0.01). DISCUSSION We recorded association between common TLR4 gene variants and early-onset preeclampsia. Our findings support the involvement of maternal innate immune system in severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and point to the potential value of maternal TLR4 polymorphisms as predictors-risk factors of susceptibility to early-onset preeclampsia in Central Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra N Vamvakopoulou
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Satra
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Aggeliki Fegga
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Kourti
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Andreas Sidiropoulos
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandros Daponte
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Antonis Gounaris
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - George Syrogiannopoulos
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikos C Vamvakopoulos
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios Sotiriou
- Dept. of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Deregulation of TLR4 signaling pathway characterizes Bicuspid Aortic valve syndrome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11028. [PMID: 31363123 PMCID: PMC6667442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is recognized to be a syndrome with a complex and multifaceted pathophysiology. Its progression is modulated by diverse evolutionary conserved pathways, such as Notch-1 pathway. Emerging evidence is also highlighting the key role of TLR4 signaling pathway in the aortic valve pathologies and their related complications, such as sporadic ascending aorta aneurysms (AAA). Consistent with these observations, we aimed to evaluate the role of TLR4 pathway in both BAV disease and its common complication, such as AAA. To this aim, 70 subjects with BAV (M/F 50/20; mean age: 58.8 ± 14.8 years) and 70 subjects with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) (M/F 35/35; mean age: 69.1 ± 12.8 years), with and without AAA were enrolled. Plasma assessment, tissue and gene expression evaluations were performed. Consistent with data obtained in the previous study on immune clonotypic T and B altered responses, we found reduced levels of systemic TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-17 cytokines in BAV cases, either in the presence or absence of AAA, than TAV cases (p < 0.0001 by ANOVA test). Interestingly, we also detected reduced levels of s-TLR4 in BAV cases with or without AAA in comparison to the two groups of TAV subjects (p < 0.0001 by ANOVA test). These results may suggest a deregulation in the activity or in the expression of TLR4 signaling pathway in all BAV cases. Portrait of these data is, indeed, the significantly decreased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and TLR4, in both normal and aneurysmatic tissue samples, from BAV with AAA than TAV with AAA. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that subjects with BAV display a significant deregulation of TLR4 signaling pathway paralleled by a deregulation of Notch-1 pathway, as previously showed. This data suggests that the crosstalk between the Notch-1 and TLR4 signaling pathways may play a crucial role in both physiological embryological development, and homeostasis and functionality of aortic valve in adult life.
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The Role of TLR4 Gene Polymorphism and Haplotypes in the Susceptibility to Toxoplasmosis in Iraqi Aborted Women. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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The Influence of TLR4, CD14, OPG, and RANKL Polymorphisms in Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4029217. [PMID: 31281226 PMCID: PMC6590594 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4029217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves a complex interaction between the microbial challenge and the host immune response. The individual immunoinflammatory response has a great contribution in the pathogenesis of the disease and becomes a trigger in the process of bone remodeling which is a characteristic of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the TLR4 A896G (rs4986790), TLR4 C1196T (rs4986791), CD14 C-260T (rs2569190), RANKL (TNFSF11, rs2277438), and OPG (TNFSF11B C163T, rs3102735) polymorphisms in periodontitis. A case-control study was conducted on patients with periodontitis (N = 203) and controls (N = 213) over 30 years of age, without diabetes mellitus, acute infections, and osteoarthritis, and patients without aggressive periodontitis, i.e., stage IV and C degree of periodontitis, and any periodontal treatment performed in the last 6 months. Genotypes were determined by the PCR-RFLP and sequencing method. The frequency comparisons between case and controls were performed using the chi-square test and logistic regression (OpenEpi and SNPStats software). The risk (OR) was evaluated for values of P < 0.05. Differences in TLR4, CD14, RANKL, and OPG genotype and allele frequency distributions were not observed between patients and controls. However, some variants were a risk factor for the development of periodontitis when considering gender and smoking habits. The TLR4 896 A/G genotype was a risk factor for periodontitis in males (OR = 2.86), and the TLR4 1196C/C genotype was a risk factor for nonsmoking males (OR = 1.85) when compared to women. The RANKL A/A and the OPG T/C genotype was associated with the risk of the disease in nonsmoking men compared to nonsmoking women with the same genotype (OR = 1.96 and OR = 2.9, respectively). In conclusion, TLR4, CD14, RANKL, and OPG variants were not associated with periodontitis. However, TLR4, RANKL, and OPG polymorphisms could be a risk for periodontitis in males regardless of smoking habits.
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The Role of TLR4 Asp299Gly and TLR4 Thr399Ile Polymorphisms in the Pathogenesis of Urinary Tract Infections: First Evaluation in Infants and Children of Greek Origin. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:6503832. [PMID: 31183391 PMCID: PMC6515008 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6503832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are one of the most common and serious bacterial infections in a pediatric population. So far, they have mainly been related to age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic level, and the presence of underlying anatomical or functional, congenital, or acquired abnormalities. Recently, both innate and adaptive immunities and their interaction in the pathogenesis and the development of UTIs have been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the role and the effect of the two most frequent polymorphisms of TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile on the development of UTIs in infants and children of Greek origin. We studied 51 infants and children with at least one episode of acute urinary tract infection and 109 healthy infants and children. We found that 27.5% of patients and 8.26% of healthy children carried the heterozygote genotype for TLR4 Asp299Gly. TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphism was found to be higher in healthy children and lower in the patient group. No homozygosity for both studied polymorphisms was detected in our patients. In the group of healthy children, a homozygote genotype for TLR4 Asp299Gly (G/G) as well as for TLR4 Thr399Ile (T/T) was showed (1.84% and 0.92 respectively). These results indicate the role of TLR4 polymorphism as a genetic risk for the development of UTIs in infants and children of Greek origin.
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Jahan I, Ahammad RU, Khalid MM, Rahman MI, Hayat S, Islam B, Mohammad QD, Islam Z. Toll-like receptor-4 299Gly allele is associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome in Bangladesh. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:708-715. [PMID: 31019995 PMCID: PMC6469239 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective TLR4 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). The relationships between TLR4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to GBS are poorly understood. We investigated the frequency and assessed the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the extracellular domain of TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) with disease susceptibility and the clinical features of GBS in a Bangladeshi cohort. Methods A total of 290 subjects were included in this study: 141 patients with GBS and 149 unrelated healthy controls. The TLR4 polymorphisms Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) assay. Results The minor 299Gly allele was significantly associated with GBS susceptibility (P = 0.0137, OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.17–3.31), and was present at a significantly higher frequency in patients with the acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) subtype of GBS (P = 0.0120, OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.26–4.47) than acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) subtype (P = 0.961, OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.38–3.48); when compared to healthy controls. The genotype frequency of the Asp299Gly polymorphism was not significantly different between patients with GBS and healthy controls. The Asp299‐Thr399 haplotype was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing GBS (P = 0.0451, OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40–0.99). No association was observed between the Thr399Ile polymorphism and GBS disease susceptibility. Interpretation The TLR4 minor 299Gly allele was associated with increased susceptibility to GBS and the axonal GBS subtype in the Bangladeshi population. However, no associations were observed between the genotypes of the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile SNPs and antecedent C. jejuni infection or disease severity in Bangladeshi patients with GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jahan
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Rijwan U Ahammad
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh.,Graduate School of Medicine Department of Neuroscience Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Mir M Khalid
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh.,Gladstone Institutes San Francisco California
| | - Mohammad I Rahman
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh.,School of Molecular Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
| | - Shoma Hayat
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Badrul Islam
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Quazi D Mohammad
- National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Zhahirul Islam
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh
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Whitney J, Haase B, Beatty J, Barrs VR. Breed-specific variations in the coding region of toll-like receptor 4 in the domestic cat. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 209:61-69. [PMID: 30885307 PMCID: PMC7126157 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Specific point mutations in the human toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) confer altered risk for diverse diseases including sepsis, aspergillosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Some of these TLR4 polymorphisms are racially specific. We hypothesised that feline TLR4 polymorphisms might underlie an observed increased risk to infectious and inflammatory diseases in some cat breeds. The aim of this study was to identify breed-specific variations in the coding region of feline TLR4 and to model the effect of mutations on protein structure and function in silico. The entire coding region of TLR4 was sequenced in 8 groups (7 pure-bred, 1 crossbred) of domestic cats (Felis catus) comprising 158 individuals. Twenty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in TLR4, with 16 located in the coding region (11 non-synonymous) and four in the 3′UTR. Comparison of breed specific allelic frequencies indicated that Burmese and British shorthairs most commonly differed from other breeds. In silico analyses to predict the impact of the 11 non-synonymous variants indicated a deleterious effect on protein structure for one SNP (c.869 G > A), which was not associated with a specific breed. Overall, findings from this study do not support a role of TLR4 dysfunction in breed-predispositions to infectious diseases in domestic cats in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Whitney
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - B Haase
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - J Beatty
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - V R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Vidyant S, Chatterjee A, Dhole TN. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in TLR4 is linked with the risk of HIV-1 infection. Br J Biomed Sci 2019; 76:59-63. [PMID: 30569830 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2018.1559486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that play a role in innate immunity. Mounting evidence shows that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs link to various infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We hypothesized links between two TLR4 SNPs (rs4986790 leading to Asp299Gly and rs4986791 leading to Thr399Ile) and HIV, to investigate the frequency of TLR4 polymorphism and its role in patients infected with HIV. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 160 HIV-1 seropositive patients, who were further divided on disease severity based on CD4 count (stages I, II and III), and 270 age- and sex matched healthy HIV-1 seronegative individuals. Subjects were genotyped for TLR4 gene polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The TLR4 Asp299Gly heterozygous genotype (OR=2.160; p=0.004) and the mutant allele G (OR=2.051; p=0.002) was higher in HIV-1 infection than healthy controls and also in stage I (OR=2.559; p=0.034) compared to different clinical stages of infection. There was no link between the Thr399Ile polymorphism and HIV infection. CONCLUSION The TLR4 (Asp299Gly) SNP is a risk factor in HIV-1 disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vidyant
- a Department of Microbiology , Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow , India
| | - A Chatterjee
- b Department of Biomedical sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences center , El Paso , TX , USA
| | - T N Dhole
- a Department of Microbiology , Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow , India
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a type of pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) that are part of the innate immune system known to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and thereby play a crucial role in host immune response. Among the various known TLRs, TLR4 is one of the most extensively studied PRRs expressed by immune, certain nonimmune, and tumor cells. When TLR4 binds with the bacterial lipopolysaccharide, it induces production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and effector molecules as part of the immune response. Continuous exposure to pathogens and TLR4 signaling results in chronic inflammation that may further lead to malignant transformation. TLR4 is a highly polymorphic gene, and genetic variations are known to influence host immune response, leading to dysregulation of signaling pathway, which may affect an individual's susceptibility to various diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, TLR4 expression in different tumor types may also serve as a marker for tumor proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, prognosis, and patient survival. This review aims to summarize various reports related to TLR4 polymorphisms and expression patterns and their influences on different cancer types with a special focus on solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Pandey
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand, 388421, India
| | - Alex Chauhan
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand, 388421, India
| | - Neeraj Jain
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand, 388421, India.
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Zaharieva ET, Kamenov ZA, Savov AS. TLR4 polymorphisms seem not to be associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes but predispose to diabetic retinopathy; TLR4 polymorphisms in glucose continuum. Endocr Regul 2019; 51:137-144. [PMID: 28858846 DOI: 10.1515/enr-2017-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compared to type 1 diabetes, the role of the immune and autoimmune pathogenetic mechanisms is much less studied in the type 2 diabetes. Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) have a leading role in inflammation, insulin resistance, and vascular damage. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the polymorphisms in TLR4 gene and different stages in the glucose continuum from prediabetes to the type 2 diabetes and chronic microvascular complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 113 patients with the type 2 diabetes, 29 participants with prediabetes, and 28 controls. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphism, followed by restriction analysis. RESULTS The difference in the genotype frequency for both polymorphisms in patients with the type 2 diabetes or prediabetes compared to that in controls was not significant. Patients with heterozygous genotype of Asp299Gly polymorphism had a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (42.9%) than participants with homozygous genotype (9.0%) (OR [95%CI]=7.61 [1.41-41.08]; p=0.018). No association was established for diabetic polyneuropathy and nephropathy. Prevalence of chronic diabetes complications was not related to Thr399Ile polymorphism. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms seem not to be associated with the type 2 diabetes and prediabetes but Asp299Gly may contribute to diabetic retinopathy predisposition.
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Lack of association between the toll-like receptor 4 gene c.896A > G polymorphism and the predisposition to periodontal disease: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kına I, Sultuybek GK, Soydas T, Yenmis G, Biceroglu H, Dirican A, Uzan M, Ulutin T. Variations in Toll-like receptor and nuclear factor-kappa B genes and the risk of glioma. Br J Neurosurg 2018; 33:165-170. [PMID: 30450997 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2018.1540764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumour in the adult nervous system and is associated with a poor prognosis. NF-KB activation is an important driver of the malignant phenotype that confers a negative prognosis in patients with GBM. NF-KB plays a role in Toll-like Receptors (TLR)-induced tumourigenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of a promoter region polymorphism of NFKB1 gene encoding the p50 subunit of NF-KB, namely -94ins/del ATTG, the most widely discussed the TLR2 Arg753Gln, TLR4Asp299Gly and TLR4Thr399Ile polymorphisms, their combined effects, and the glioma risk. METHODS A group of 120 Glioma patients and 225 control subjects were screened for these four polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS Statistical analysis indicates that the ins/ins genotype of NFKB -94ins/delATTG (p=0.003), and the AA genotype of TLR4Asp299Gly (p < 0.001) are risk factors for glioma and people carrying the ins allele have an approximately 1.47 times susceptibility risk of glioma whereas GG genotype of TLR2Arg753Gln seems to be protective against glioma (p = 0.002). Combined genotype analysis showed that del/ins-GG genotype of TLR2Arg753Gln-NFKB1, del/ins + GG genotype of TLR4Asp299Gly-NFKB1, del/ins-CC genotype of TLR4Thr399Ile-NFKB1 were risk factors for glioma development. CONCLUSION NFKB1 -94ins/delATTG and TLR4Asp299Gly polymorphisms are associated with increased glioma cancer risk in a Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Kına
- a Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Gonul Kanigur Sultuybek
- b Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul Aydın University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Tugba Soydas
- a Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Guven Yenmis
- a Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Biceroglu
- c Neurosurgery Department , Ege University School of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Dirican
- d Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mustafa Uzan
- e Department of Neurosurgery. Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine . Istanbul University . Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Turgut Ulutin
- a Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Nelson CP, Erridge C. Are toll-like receptors potential drug targets for atherosclerosis? Evidence from genetic studies to date. Immunogenetics 2018; 71:1-11. [PMID: 30327825 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, most notably via statin therapy, has successfully reduced the burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) in recent decades. However, the residual risk remaining even after aggressive lipid lowering has renewed interest in alternative targets. Anti-inflammatory drugs are thought to have much potential in this context, but side effects associated with long-term use of conventional anti-inflammatories, such as NSAIDs and glucocorticoids, preclude their use as preventive agents for CAD. Evidence from epidemiological studies and murine models of atherosclerosis suggests that toll-like receptors (TLRs) may have utility as targets for more focused anti-inflammatories, but it remains unclear if this pathway is causally related to CAD in man. Here, we review recent insight into this question gained from genetic studies of cardiovascular risk and innate immune function, focussing on the potential of Mendelian randomisation approaches based on intracellular-signalling pathways to identify and prioritise targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Clett Erridge
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK. .,Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Rd, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK.
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Spooner W, McLaren W, Slidel T, Finch DK, Butler R, Campbell J, Eghobamien L, Rider D, Kiefer CM, Robinson MJ, Hardman C, Cunningham F, Vaughan T, Flicek P, Huntington CC. Haplosaurus computes protein haplotypes for use in precision drug design. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4128. [PMID: 30297836 PMCID: PMC6175845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selecting the most appropriate protein sequences is critical for precision drug design. Here we describe Haplosaurus, a bioinformatic tool for computation of protein haplotypes. Haplosaurus computes protein haplotypes from pre-existing chromosomally-phased genomic variation data. Integration into the Ensembl resource provides rapid and detailed protein haplotypes retrieval. Using Haplosaurus, we build a database of unique protein haplotypes from the 1000 Genomes dataset reflecting real-world protein sequence variability and their prevalence. For one in seven genes, their most common protein haplotype differs from the reference sequence and a similar number differs on their most common haplotype between human populations. Three case studies show how knowledge of the range of commonly encountered protein forms predicted in populations leads to insights into therapeutic efficacy. Haplosaurus and its associated database is expected to find broad applications in many disciplines using protein sequences and particularly impactful for therapeutics design.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Spooner
- Eagle Genomics Ltd., Biodata Innovation Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 3DR UK
- Genomics England, QMUL Dawson Hall, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - William McLaren
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD UK
| | | | | | - Robin Butler
- MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 4QR UK
| | | | | | - David Rider
- MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 4QR UK
| | | | | | | | - Fiona Cunningham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD UK
| | | | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD UK
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Castro-Alarcón N, Rodríguez-García R, Ruíz-Rosas M, Muñoz-Valle JF, Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Parra-Rojas I, Vázquez-Villamar M. Association between TLR4 polymorphisms (896 A>G, 1196 C>T, - 2570 A>G, - 2081 G>A) and virulence factors in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Clin Exp Med 2018; 19:105-113. [PMID: 30220001 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-018-0527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the main etiological agent of urinary tract infections. Its virulence factors are important during the initial interaction stage with the host as they enable colonization of urinary tract tissues. The genetic markers evidencing susceptibility to develop recurrent infections have been previously described. Toll-like receptors are critical sensors of microbial attacks, and they are also effectors of the individual's innate defense for elimination of pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between functional polymorphisms (896 A>G, 1196 C>T, - 2570 A>G, - 2081 G>A) and susceptibility to develop urinary tract infections as well as E. coli virulence factors. This study includes 100 samples from patients diagnosed with UTI and 100 samples from uninfected subjects. A conventional urine culture was performed and the isolates were identified by using the Vitek automated system. TLR4 gene polymorphisms were identified by the PCR-RFLP technique. The hlyA, fimH, papC, iutA and cnf1 virulence factors as well as the E. coli phylogenetic group were assessed by PCR. In this study, it was observed that the presence of the - 2570 polymorphism represents a risk of UTI (p < 0.01), whereas - 2081 confers protection (p < 0.01). The 896A>G and 1196C>T polymorphisms were associated with the E. coli virulence factors fimH and hlyA, respectively (p < 0.05). The B2 group was the most frequent in clinical isolates (51%), and it displayed more virulence factors regarding other phylogenetic groups (p ≤ 0.05). An interesting finding was that strains considered as commensals, belonging to groups A and B1, can cause UTI and present virulence factors. Polymorphisms occurring in the TLR4 promoter region are correlated with susceptibility or risk of UTI, whereas structural polymorphisms are associated with the recognition of virulence factors displayed by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Castro-Alarcón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Bilógicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. La Haciendita, C.P. 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Rubén Rodríguez-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Bilógicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. La Haciendita, C.P. 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - María Ruíz-Rosas
- Laboratorio Clínico, Área de Microbiología, Clínica Hospital ISSSTE, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Bilógicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. La Haciendita, C.P. 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Bilógicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. La Haciendita, C.P. 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Mirna Vázquez-Villamar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Bilógicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. La Haciendita, C.P. 39090, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
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Siebert JN, Hamann L, Verolet CM, Gameiro C, Grillet S, Siegrist CA, Posfay-Barbe KM. Toll-Interleukin 1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor Protein 180L Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Is Associated With Susceptibility to Recurrent Pneumococcal Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1780. [PMID: 30131804 PMCID: PMC6090034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) and can be recurrent in 8% of children older than 2 years of age. Spn is recognized by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system, in particular toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4. To assess whether a defect somewhere along this TLR signaling pathway increases susceptibility to recurrent pneumococcal LRTI, we conducted a prospective case-control study with 88 healthy individuals and 45 children with recurrent LRTI aged 2-5 years old. We examined cell surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as eight genetic variants of these receptors or associated co-receptors TLR1 and TLR6. Interleukin-6 production was measured after whole blood stimulation assays with specific agonists and heat-killed Spn. Our findings reveal that single-nucleotide polymorphisms within toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) alone or in combination with TLR1 N248S, TLR1 I602S, or TLR6 S249P polymorphisms contributes to various degree of susceptibility to recurrent pneumococcal LRTI in children by modulating the inflammatory response. In that respect, carriage of the TIRAP S180L heterozygous trait increases the likelihood to protect against pneumococcal LRTI, whereas children carrying the mutant homozygous TIRAP 180L polymorphism might be more likely susceptible to recurrent pneumococcal LRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan N Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Hamann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Verolet
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Gameiro
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Grillet
- Department of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara M Posfay-Barbe
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Barletta-Naveca RH, Naveca FG, de Almeida VA, Porto JIR, da Silva GAV, Ogusku MM, Sadahiro A, Ramasawmy R, Boechat AL. Toll-Like Receptor-1 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism 1805T/G Is Associated With Predisposition to Multibacillary Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1455. [PMID: 29988507 PMCID: PMC6026633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by mycobacterial species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is a serious global health issue. Brazil is among the 22 countries with the highest number of TB cases, and the state of Amazonas has the highest incidence of TB cases in the country. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors of the innate immunity and play a key role in orchestrating an effective immune response. We investigated whether the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 1805T/G TLR1, 2258G/A TLR2, 896A/G and 1196C/T of TLR4, 745T/C TLR6, and −1237A/G and −1486A/G of TLR9 are associated with the predisposition to TB and/or bacillary load. The SNPs genotyping was performed by nucleotide sequencing in 263 TB patients and 232 healthy controls residing in the state of Amazonas. Alleles and genotypes frequencies were similar between patients and healthy individuals for most of the investigated SNPs. Stratification of the TB patients according to their bacillary load showed that the genotype 1805TT TLR1 (rs5743618) was prevalent among paucibacillary patients [odds ratio (OR) = 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.19–0.76; p = 0.009] while the genotype 1805TG was common among multibacillary patients (OR = 3.72; CI = 1.65–8.4; p = 0.004). Comparison of demographic characteristics of patients to controls showed that TB is strongly associated with smoking (OR = 6.55; 95% CI = 3.2–13.6; p < 0.0001); alcohol use disorder (OR = 7.14; 95% CI = 3.7–13.9; p < 0.0001); and male gender (OR = 3.66; 95% CI = 2.52–5.3; p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that alcoholism (OR = 2.93; 95% CI = 1.05–8.16; p = 0.03) and the 1805G allele (OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.33–5.7; p = 0.006) are predictive variables for multibacillary TB. Altogether, we suggest that the TLR1 1805G allele may be a relevant immunogenetic factor for the epidemiology of TB together with environmental, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Honorato Barletta-Naveca
- Laboratório de Micobacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva (PPG-GCBEv), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Alves de Almeida
- Laboratório de Micobacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jorge Ivan Rebelo Porto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva (PPG-GCBEv), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA/CPBA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Morishi Ogusku
- Laboratório de Micobacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Aya Sadahiro
- Laboratório de Micobacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rajendranath Ramasawmy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Boechat
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Blackburn SL, Kumar PT, McBride D, Zeineddine HA, Leclerc J, Choi HA, Dash PK, Grotta J, Aronowski J, Cardenas JC, Doré S. Unique Contribution of Haptoglobin and Haptoglobin Genotype in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Physiol 2018; 9:592. [PMID: 29904350 PMCID: PMC5991135 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivors of cerebral aneurysm rupture are at risk for significant morbidity and neurological deficits. Much of this is related to the effects of blood in the subarachnoid space which induces an inflammatory cascade with numerous downstream consequences. Recent clinical trials have not been able to reduce the toxic effects of free hemoglobin or improve clinical outcome. One reason for this may be the inability to identify patients at high risk for neurologic decline. Recently, haptoglobin genotype has been identified as a pertinent factor in diabetes, sickle cell, and cardiovascular disease, with the Hp 2-2 genotype contributing to increased complications. Haptoglobin is a protein synthesized by the liver that binds free hemoglobin following red blood cell lysis, and in doing so, prevents hemoglobin induced toxicity and facilitates clearance. Clinical studies in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage indicate that Hp 2-2 patients may be a high-risk group for hemorrhage related complications and poor outcome. We review the relevance of haptoglobin in subarachnoid hemorrhage and discuss the effects of genotype and expression levels on the known mechanisms of early brain injury (EBI) and cerebral ischemia after aneurysm rupture. A better understanding of haptoglobin and its role in preventing hemoglobin related toxicity should lead to novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros L Blackburn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peeyush T Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Devin McBride
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hussein A Zeineddine
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jenna Leclerc
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - H Alex Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James Grotta
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jessica C Cardenas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery and Center for Translational Injury Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Psychology, Pharmaceutics, and Neuroscience, University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
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44
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Role of toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism in the development of cardiovascular diseases in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 2018; 32:1035-1041. [PMID: 29547441 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main causes of morbimortality in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CVDs occurrence in HIV-infected patients. Additionally, the functional consequences of carrying these SNPs were analyzed. METHODS The association of TLR4 SNPs, Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile with CVDs occurrence was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. Clinical, immunological, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were used as covariates. The monocyte phenotype and response were assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry comparing carriers with noncarriers of this SNP. RESULTS Asp299Gly SNP, assayed in 253 HIV-infected patients, was independently associated with the occurrence of CVDs after adjusting for CD4+ T-cell nadir, HCV-coinfection, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors [odds ratio (confidence interval 95%) = 3.672 (1.061-12.712), P = 0.04). Carriers of Asp299Gly SNP showed higher percentage of patrolling and intermediate monocytes producing a proinflammatory combination of cytokines compared with noncarriers (P = 0.037 and P = 0.046, respectively). Intermediate monocyte subset levels correlated with soluble interleukin-6 levels only in carriers (r = 0.89; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism is independently associated with the occurrence of CVDs in HIV-infected patients. The proinflammatory profile associated to this variant could be involved in the development of atherosclerotic pathologies.
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Katrinli S, Nigdelioglu A, Ozdil K, Dinler-Doganay G, Doganay L. The association of variations in TLR genes and spontaneous immune control of hepatitis B virus. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:139-144. [PMID: 29276096 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are suspected to play a critical role in liver diseases and the progression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. In this study, we investigated the possible association between TLRs and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection chronicity in Turkish population. METHODS TLR4 (+896 A→G) (rs4986790), TLR5 (+1846 T→C) (rs5744174) and TLR9 (-1237T→C) (rs5743836) polymorphisms were screened in 131 CHB patient and 168 individuals by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. RESULTS Of the screened polymorphisms, TT genotype of the missense variant TLR5 (rs5744174) (NM_003268.5:c.1846T>C (p.Phe616Leu) is significantly more frequent in the control group than CHB patients (P<0.001), presence of TT genotype of the upstream variant TLR9 (rs5743836) (NM_017442.3:c.-1237T>C) is more frequent in CHB group (P=0.043). However, no significant association was found for the missense variant TLR4 (rs4986790) NM_138554.4:c.896A>G (p.Asp299Gly) polymorphism and CHB in Turkish population. CONCLUSIONS From all three analyzed SNPs association of TLR5 (rs5744174) with CHB is the most significant. Since TLR5 is associated with interferon-γ production, a high frequency of TT at rs5744174 in controls subjects suggests that it represents a protective genotype against CHB plausibly associated with an increased interferon-γ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Katrinli
- Departement of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil Nigdelioglu
- Departement of Gastroenterology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Adem-Yavuz-Caddesi No:1, Umraniye, 34764 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kamil Ozdil
- Departement of Gastroenterology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Adem-Yavuz-Caddesi No:1, Umraniye, 34764 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler-Doganay
- Departement of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Doganay
- Departement of Gastroenterology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Adem-Yavuz-Caddesi No:1, Umraniye, 34764 Istanbul, Turkey.
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46
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Hussein A, Saad K, Askar E, Zahran AM, Farghaly H, Metwalley K, Elderwy AA. Functional variants in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and toll-like receptor-4 genes are more frequent in children with febrile urinary tract infection with renal parenchymal involvement. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:339-346. [PMID: 29028278 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM We studied the functional polymorphisms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) genes and risk of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children attending Assiut University Children's Hospitals, Egypt, from 2011 to 2015. METHODS Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were diagnosed in 380 children: 98 had APN and 282 had lower UTIs. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ICAM-1 and TLR-4 genes were genotyped in all subjects: ICAM-1 rs1799969 Gly241Arg, ICAM-1 rs5498 Glu469Lys, TLR-4 rs4896791 Thr399Ile and TLR-4 rs4896790 Asp299Gly. RESULTS Patients with APN were significantly more likely to have AA genotype of the ICAM-1 rs5498 (1462 A/G) polymorphism (p = 0.04) than children with lower UTIs and the TLR-4 Asp299Gly GG genotype (p = 0.002) and G allele (p = 0.006) than healthy controls. The association with the ICAM-1 Glu469Lys (1462A/G) was less evident. The GG genotype was associated with a modest relative risk of 1.4 (p = 0.1) of developing APN, but was not an independent odds ratio, at 1.2 (p = 0.48). CONCLUSION Functional variants in ICAM-1 and TLR-4 genes were increasingly common in children with febrile UTIs with renal parenchymal involvement, but the ICAM-1 Glu469Lys (1462A/G) association was less evident. TLR4 Asp299Gly might independently increase renal parenchymal infection rather than renal scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Saad
- Children Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eman Askar
- Children Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology, SECI, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Capobianco A, Cottone L, Monno A, Ferrari S, Panina-Bordignon P, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. Innate Immune Cells: Gatekeepers of Endometriotic Lesions Growth and Vascularization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/228402651000200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infiltration by inflammatory leukocytes is a hallmark of all forms of endometriosis. Conversely, the innate immune system plays a key role in regulating events such as cell adhesion, migration, survival and neoangiogenesis of transformed or ectopic tissue. All these features are involved, and possibly required, in the development of endometriotic lesions. Recent data suggest that infiltrating leukocytes are not a mere epiphenomenon but represent an actual requirement for the development of the disease. In this scenario, the functional plasticity of infiltrating macrophages is a key event in the origin and maintenance of endometriotic lesions: the erroneous polarization of macrophages towards cells sustaining angiogenesis and tissue remodeling represents a potential target for novel molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Capobianco
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan - Italy
| | - Lucia Cottone
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan - Italy
| | - Antonella Monno
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan - Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan - Italy
| | | | - Angelo A. Manfredi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan - Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan - Italy
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House Dust Endotoxin Levels Are Associated with Adult Asthma in a U.S. Farming Population. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 14:324-331. [PMID: 27977294 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201611-861oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Endotoxin initiates a proinflammatory response from the innate immune system. Studies in children suggest that endotoxin exposure from house dust may be an important risk factor for asthma, but few studies have been conducted in adult populations. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of house dust endotoxin levels with asthma and related phenotypes (wheeze, atopy, and pulmonary function) in a large U.S. farming population. METHODS Dust was collected from the bedrooms (n = 2,485) of participants enrolled in a case-control study of current asthma (927 cases) nested within the Agricultural Health Study. Dust endotoxin was measured by Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Outcomes were measured by questionnaire, spirometry, and blood draw. We evaluated associations using linear and logistic regression. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Endotoxin was significantly associated with current asthma (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.47), and this relationship was modified by early-life farm exposure (born on a farm: OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.37; not born on a farm: OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.26-2.20; Interaction P = 0.05). Significant positive associations were seen with both atopic and nonatopic asthma. Endotoxin was not related to either atopy or wheeze. Higher endotoxin was related to lower FEV1/FVC in asthma cases only (Interaction P = 0.01). For asthma, there was suggestive evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction for the CD14 variant rs2569190 (Interaction P = 0.16) but not for the TLR4 variants rs4986790 and rs4986791. CONCLUSIONS House dust endotoxin was associated with current atopic and nonatopic asthma in a U.S. farming population. The degree of the association with asthma depended on early-life farm exposures. Furthermore, endotoxin was associated with lower pulmonary function in patients with asthma.
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Priya SP, Sakinah S, Sharmilah K, Hamat RA, Sekawi Z, Higuchi A, Ling MP, Nordin SA, Benelli G, Kumar SS. Leptospirosis: Molecular trial path and immunopathogenesis correlated with dengue, malaria and mimetic hemorrhagic infections. Acta Trop 2017; 176:206-223. [PMID: 28823908 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-pathogenesis of leptospirosis can be recounted well by following its trail path from entry to exit, while inducing disastrous damages in various tissues of the host. Dysregulated, inappropriate and excessive immune responses are unanimously blamed in fatal leptospirosis. The inherent abilities of the pathogen and inabilities of the host were debated targeting the severity of the disease. Hemorrhagic manifestation through various mechanisms leading to a fatal end is observed when this disease is unattended. The similar vascular destructions and hemorrhage manifestations are noted in infections with different microbes in endemic areas. The simultaneous infection in a host with more than one pathogen or parasite is referred as the coinfection. Notably, common endemic infections such as leptospirosis, dengue, chikungunya, and malaria, harbor favorable environments to flourish in similar climates, which is aggregated with stagnated water and aggravated with the poor personal and environmental hygiene of the inhabitants. These factors aid the spread of pathogens and parasites to humans and potential vectors, eventually leading to outbreaks of public health relevance. Malaria, dengue and chikungunya need mosquitoes as vectors, in contrast with leptospirosis, which directly invades human, although the environmental bacterial load is maintained through other mammals, such as rodents. The more complicating issue is that infections by different pathogens exhibiting similar symptoms but require different treatment management. The current review explores different pathogens expressing specific surface proteins and their ability to bind with array of host proteins with or without immune response to enter into the host tissues and their ability to evade the host immune responses to invade and their affinity to certain tissues leading to the common squeal of hemorrhage. Furthermore, at the host level, the increased susceptibility and inability of the host to arrest the pathogens' and parasites' spread in different tissues, various cytokines accumulated to eradicate the microorganisms and their cellular interactions, the antibody dependent defense and the susceptibility of individual organs bringing the manifestation of the diseases were explored. Lastly, we provided a discussion on the immune trail path of pathogenesis from entry to exit to narrate the similarities and dissimilarities among various hemorrhagic fevers mentioned above, in order to outline future possibilities of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of coinfections, with special reference to endemic areas.
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Gond DP, Singh S, Agrawal NK. Testing an association between TLR4 and CXCR1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to urinary tract infection in type 2 diabetes in north Indian population. Gene 2017; 641:196-202. [PMID: 29066305 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variations of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CXC-chemokine receptor type1 (CXCR1), the key elements of innate immune system and their association with urinary tract infection (UTI) were studied in general population. In present study we investigate genetic variation of these genes in diabetic patients (3 to 4 times higher prevalence of UTI in comparison to general population). METHODS A total 1100 subjects (318 diabetic patients with UTI, 324 diabetic patients without UTI, 200 non-diabetic UTI patients and 260 age matched healthy control) were enrolled in the study. SNPs of TLR4 rs4986790, rs4986791 and CXCR1 rs2234671 was assessed by PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP respectively. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed that A/G genotype and G allele of TLR4 rs4986790 are significantly associated with UTI in both diabetics and nondiabetic patients in comparison to healthy control. Similarly CT genotype and T allele of TLR4 rs4986791 are also significantly associated with UTI in both groups. We also found that prevalence of A/G genotype of TLR4 rs4986790 and CT genotype of TLR4 rs4986791 are significantly higher in patients of diabetes with UTI in comparison to diabetic patients without UTI. We did not find any association of CXCR1 rs2234671 polymorphism with UTI by comparing with any group. CONCLUSION We found that TLR4 rs4986790 and rs4986791 gene polymorphism is a risk for UTI development in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients in north Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Prasad Gond
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shivendra Singh
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - N K Agrawal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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