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Han H, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhao Q. Nrf2-mediated ferroptosis inhibition: a novel approach for managing inflammatory diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01519-7. [PMID: 39126567 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by persistent inflammation. Moreover, the existing treatments for inflammatory diseases only provide temporary relief by controlling symptoms, and treatments of unstable and expensive. Therefore, new therapeutic solutions are urgently needed to address the underlying causes or symptoms of inflammatory diseases. Inflammation frequently coincides with a high level of (reactive oxygen species) ROS activation, serving as a fundamental element in numerous physiological and pathological phenotypes that can result in serious harm to the organism. Given its pivotal role in inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis, ROS represents a focal node for investigating the (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2) Nrf2 pathway and ferroptosis, both of which are intricately linked to ROS. Ferroptosis is mainly triggered by oxidative stress and involves iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. The transcription factor Nrf2 targets several genes within the ferroptosis pathway. Recent studies have shown that Nrf2 plays a significant role in three key ferroptosis-related routes, including the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4, iron metabolism, and lipid processes. As a result, ferroptosis-related treatments for inflammatory diseases have attracted much attention. Moreover, drugs targeting Nrf2 can be used to manage inflammatory conditions. This review aimed to assess ferroptosis regulation mechanism and the role of Nrf2 in ferroptosis inhibition. Therefore, this review article may provide the basis for more research regarding the treatment of inflammatory diseases through Nrf2-inhibited ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guojiang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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2
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Zhang M, Liu J, Yu Y, Liu X, Shang X, Du Z, Xu ML, Zhang T. Recent Advances in the Inhibition of Membrane Lipid Peroxidation by Food-Borne Plant Polyphenols via the Nrf2/GPx4 Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12340-12355. [PMID: 38776233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LP) leads to changes in the fluidity and permeability of cell membranes, affecting normal cellular function and potentially triggering apoptosis or necrosis. This process is closely correlated with the onset of many diseases. Evidence suggests that the phenolic hydroxyl groups in food-borne plant polyphenols (FPPs) make them effective antioxidants capable of preventing diseases triggered by cell membrane LP. Proper dietary intake of FPPs can attenuate cellular oxidative stress, especially damage to cell membrane phospholipids, by activating the Nrf2/GPx4 pathway. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress antagonist. The signaling pathway regulated by Nrf2 is a defense transduction pathway of the organism against external stimuli such as reactive oxygen species and exogenous chemicals. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), under the regulation of Nrf2, is the only enzyme that reduces cell membrane lipid peroxides with specificity, thus playing a pivotal role in regulating cellular ferroptosis and counteracting oxidative stress. This study explored the Nrf2/GPx4 pathway mechanism, antioxidant activity of FPPs, and mechanism of LP. It also highlighted the bioprotective properties of FPPs against LP and its associated mechanisms, including (i) activation of the Nrf2/GPx4 pathway, with GPx4 potentially serving as a central target protein, (ii) regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities, leading to a reduction in the production of ROS and other peroxides, and (iii) antioxidant effects on LP and downstream phospholipid structure. In conclusion, FPPs play a crucial role as natural antioxidants in preventing LP. However, further in-depth analysis of FPPs coregulation of multiple signaling pathways is required, and the combined effects of these mechanisms need further evaluation in experimental models. Human trials could provide valuable insights into new directions for research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food/College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food/College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Yiding Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food/College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Xuanting Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food/College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food/College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Du
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food/College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Meng Lei Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food/College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food/College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
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Arribas V, Monteoliva L, Hernáez ML, Gil C, Molero G. Unravelling the Role of Candida albicans Prn1 in the Oxidative Stress Response through a Proteomics Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:527. [PMID: 38790632 PMCID: PMC11118716 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans Prn1 is a protein with an unknown function similar to mammalian Pirin. It also has orthologues in other pathogenic fungi, but not in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prn1 highly increases its abundance in response to H2O2 treatment; thus, to study its involvement in the oxidative stress response, a C. albicans prn1∆ mutant and the corresponding wild-type strain SN250 have been studied. Under H2O2 treatment, Prn1 absence led to a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a lower survival rate, with a higher percentage of death by apoptosis, confirming its relevant role in oxidative detoxication. The quantitative differential proteomics studies of both strains in the presence and absence of H2O2 indicated a lower increase in proteins with oxidoreductase activity after the treatment in the prn1∆ strain, as well as an increase in proteasome-activating proteins, corroborated by in vivo measurements of proteasome activity, with respect to the wild type. In addition, remarkable differences in the abundance of some transcription factors were observed between mutant and wild-type strains, e.g., Mnl1 or Nrg1, an Mnl1 antagonist. orf19.4850, a protein orthologue to S. cerevisiae Cub1, has shown its involvement in the response to H2O2 and in proteasome function when Prn1 is highly expressed in the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Arribas
- University of Salamanca (USAL), 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (G.M.)
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Monteoliva
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (G.M.)
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Hernáez
- Proteomics Unit, Biological Techniques Center, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Concha Gil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (G.M.)
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Biological Techniques Center, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gloria Molero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (G.M.)
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Yang L, Chen Y, He S, Yu D. The crucial role of NRF2 in erythropoiesis and anemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109948. [PMID: 38452967 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor crucial in cellular defense against oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Recent research has highlighted the significance of NRF2 in normal erythropoiesis and anemia. NRF2 regulates genes involved in vital aspects of erythroid development, including hemoglobin catabolism, inflammation, and iron homeostasis in erythrocytes. Disrupted NRF2 activity has been implicated in various pathologies involving abnormal erythropoiesis. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the mechanisms of NRF2 activation in erythropoiesis and explore the roles of NRF2 in various types of anemia. This review also discusses the potential of targeting NRF2 as a new therapeutic approach to treat anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225003, China
| | - Sheng He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women and Children Care Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, China
| | - Duonan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women and Children Care Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, China.
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Ahsan T, Shoily SS, Ahmed T, Sajib AA. Role of the redox state of the Pirin-bound cofactor on interaction with the master regulators of inflammation and other pathways. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289158. [PMID: 38033031 PMCID: PMC10688961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent cellular stress induced perpetuation and uncontrolled amplification of inflammatory response results in a shift from tissue repair toward collateral damage, significant alterations of tissue functions, and derangements of homeostasis which in turn can lead to a large number of acute and chronic pathological conditions, such as chronic heart failure, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Keeping the vital role of balanced inflammation in maintaining tissue integrity in mind, the way to combating inflammatory diseases may be through identification and characterization of mediators of inflammation that can be targeted without hampering normal body function. Pirin (PIR) is a non-heme iron containing protein having two different conformations depending on the oxidation state of the iron. Through exploration of the Pirin interactome and using molecular docking approaches, we identified that the Fe2+-bound Pirin directly interacts with BCL3, NFKBIA, NFIX and SMAD9 with more resemblance to the native binding pose and higher affinity than the Fe3+-bound form. In addition, Pirin appears to have a function in the regulation of inflammation, the transition between the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways, and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, Pirin signaling appears to have a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis, as well as metabolic and neuro-pathological complications. There are regulatory variants in PIR that can influence expression of not only PIR but also other genes, including VEGFD and ACE2. Disparity exists between South Asian and European populations in the frequencies of variant alleles at some of these regulatory loci that may lead to differential occurrence of Pirin-mediated pathogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Ahsan
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Samad Shoily
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnim Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ashfaqur Sajib
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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HU S, ZOU X, FANG Y, LIU C, CHEN R, JI L. [Research Progress of Nrf2 and Ferroptosis in Tumor Drug Resistance]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2023; 26:765-773. [PMID: 37989339 PMCID: PMC10663776 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2023.101.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and its treatment strategy is mainly surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, long-term chemotherapy will result in drug resistance, which is also one of the difficulties in the treatment of lung cancer. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation-driven non-apoptotic cell death cascade, occurring when there is an imbalance of redox homeostasis in the cell. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is key for cellular antioxidant responses. Numerous studies suggest that Nrf2 assumes an extremely important role in regulation of ferroptosis, for its various functions in iron, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, and so on. In this review, a brief overview of the research progress of ferroptosis over the past decade will be presented. In particular, the mechanism of ferroptosis and the regulation of ferroptosis by Nrf2 will be discussed, as well as the role of the Nrf2 pathway and ferroptosis in tumor drug resistance, which will provide new research directions for the treatment of drug-resistant lung cancer patients.
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Yan R, Lin B, Jin W, Tang L, Hu S, Cai R. NRF2, a Superstar of Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1739. [PMID: 37760042 PMCID: PMC10525540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation-driven cell death cascade, occurring when there is an imbalance of redox homeostasis in the cell. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, also known as NRF2) is key for cellular antioxidant responses, which promotes downstream genes transcription by binding to their antioxidant response elements (AREs). Numerous studies suggest that NRF2 assumes an extremely important role in the regulation of ferroptosis, for its various functions in iron, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, and so on. Many pathological states are relevant to ferroptosis. Abnormal suppression of ferroptosis is found in many cases of cancer, promoting their progression and metastasis. While during tissue damages, ferroptosis is recurrently promoted, resulting in a large number of cell deaths and even dysfunctions of the corresponding organs. Therefore, targeting NRF2-related signaling pathways, to induce or inhibit ferroptosis, has become a great potential therapy for combating cancers, as well as preventing neurodegenerative and ischemic diseases. In this review, a brief overview of the research process of ferroptosis over the past decade will be presented. In particular, the mechanisms of ferroptosis and a focus on the regulation of ferroptosis by NRF2 will be discussed. Finally, the review will briefly list some clinical applications of targeting the NRF2 signaling pathway in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuming Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (R.Y.); (B.L.); (W.J.); (L.T.)
| | - Rong Cai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (R.Y.); (B.L.); (W.J.); (L.T.)
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Penas C, Arroyo-Berdugo Y, Apraiz A, Rasero J, Muñoa-Hoyos I, Andollo N, Cancho-Galán G, Izu R, Gardeazabal J, Ezkurra PA, Subiran N, Alvarez-Dominguez C, Alonso S, Bosserhoff AK, Asumendi A, Boyano MD. Pirin is a prognostic marker of human melanoma that dampens the proliferation of malignant cells by downregulating JARID1B/KDM5B expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9561. [PMID: 37308689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally considered to act as a transcriptional co-factor, Pirin has recently been reported to play a role in tumorigenesis and the malignant progression of many tumors. Here, we have analyzed the diagnostic and prognostic value of Pirin expression in the early stages of melanoma, and its role in the biology of melanocytic cells. Pirin expression was analyzed in a total of 314 melanoma biopsies, correlating this feature with the patient's clinical course. Moreover, PIR downregulated primary melanocytes were analyzed by RNA sequencing, and the data obtained were validated in human melanoma cell lines overexpressing PIR by functional assays. The immunohistochemistry multivariate analysis revealed that early melanomas with stronger Pirin expression were more than twice as likely to develop metastases during the follow-up. Transcriptome analysis of PIR downregulated melanocytes showed a dampening of genes involved in the G1/S transition, cell proliferation, and cell migration. In addition, an in silico approach predicted that JARID1B as a potential transcriptional regulator that lies between PIR and its downstream modulated genes, which was corroborated by co-transfection experiments and functional analysis. Together, the data obtained indicated that Pirin could be a useful marker for the metastatic progression of melanoma and that it participates in the proliferation of melanoma cells by regulating the slow-cycling JARID1B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Penas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Yoana Arroyo-Berdugo
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Aintzane Apraiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Javier Rasero
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Iraia Muñoa-Hoyos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Noelia Andollo
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Izu
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013, Bilbo, Spain
| | - Jesús Gardeazabal
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Pilar A Ezkurra
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Nerea Subiran
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Dominguez
- MEDONLINE Multidisciplinary Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Faculty of Education, International University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Santos Alonso
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - María D Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain.
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Differentially Expressed Genes Analysis in the Human Small Airway Epithelium of Healthy Smokers Shows Potential Risks of Disease Caused by Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and the Potentiality of Astaxanthin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent. Int J Inflam 2023; 2023:4251299. [PMID: 36909892 PMCID: PMC10005861 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4251299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) was known for its effect of increasing oxidative stress that could trigger tissue injury and endothelial dysfunction mediated by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS itself is a key signaling molecule that plays a role in the development of inflammatory disorders. Nuclear factor erythroid2 related factor2 (Nrf2) is the main regulator of antioxidant cellular response to cell and tissue-destroying components caused by CS. Nrf2 protein that is significantly activated in the smokers' small airway epithelium is followed by a series of gene expression changes in the same cells. This study aims to observe differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the human small airway epithelium of smokers compared to genes whose expression changes due to astaxanthin (AST) treatment, an antioxidant compound that can modulate Nrf2. Gene expression data that was stored in the GEO browser (GSE 11952) was analyzed using GEO2R to search for DEG among smokers and nonsmokers subject. DEG was further compared to those genes whose expression changes due to astaxanthin treatment (AST) that were obtained from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD; https://ctdbase.org/). DEG (p < 0.05) analysis result shows that there are 23 genes whose expression regulation is reversed compared to gene expression due to AST treatment. The gene function annotations of the 23 DEGs showed the involvement of some of these genes in chemical and oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptotic signaling pathways. All of the genes were involved/associated with chronic bronchitis, adenocarcinoma of the lung, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, emphysema, ischemic stroke, lung diseases, and inflammation. Thus, AST treatment for smokers could potentially decrease the development of ROS and oxidative stress that leads to inflammation and health risks associated with smoking.
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Ajoolabady A, Tang D, Kroemer G, Ren J. Ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and targeted therapy. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:190-205. [PMID: 36229582 PMCID: PMC9902568 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer with a multifactorial aetiology comprising genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors. Evading cell death is a defining hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma, underpinning tumour growth, progression, and therapy resistance. Ferroptosis is a form of nonapoptotic cell death driven by an array of cellular events, including intracellular iron overload, free radical production, lipid peroxidation and activation of various cell death effectors, ultimately leading to rupture of the plasma membrane. Although induction of ferroptosis is an emerging strategy to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant cells manage to develop adaptive mechanisms, conferring resistance to ferroptosis and ferroptosis-inducing drugs. Herein, we aim at elucidating molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in ferroptosis and offer our opinions on druggable targets and new therapeutic strategy in an attempt to restrain the growth and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through induction of ferroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Jiao W, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Fan X, Tian L, Li X, Mi J. Ferroptosis and its role in skeletal muscle diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1051866. [PMID: 36406272 PMCID: PMC9669482 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1051866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation products, which regulates physiological and pathological processes in numerous organs and tissues. A growing body of research suggests that ferroptosis is a key causative factor in a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including sarcopenia, rhabdomyolysis, rhabdomyosarcoma, and exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and various skeletal muscle diseases has not been investigated systematically. This review’s objective is to provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms and signaling factors that regulate ferroptosis, including lipid peroxidation, iron/heme, amino acid metabolism, and autophagy. In addition, we tease out the role of ferroptosis in the progression of different skeletal muscle diseases and ferroptosis as a potential target for the treatment of multiple skeletal muscle diseases. This review can provide valuable reference for the research on the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle diseases, as well as for clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Weikai Jiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuechun Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyan Li, ; Jia Mi,
| | - Jia Mi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyan Li, ; Jia Mi,
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12
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Khan AS, Parvez N, Ahsan T, Shoily SS, Sajib AA. A comprehensive in silico exploration of the impacts of missense variants on two different conformations of human pirin protein. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2022; 46:225. [PMID: 35967515 PMCID: PMC9362109 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pirin, a member of the cupin superfamily, is an iron-binding non-heme protein. It acts as a coregulator of several transcription factors, especially the members of NFκB transcription factor family. Based on the redox state of its iron cofactor, it can assume two different conformations and thereby act as a redox sensor inside the nucleus. Previous studies suggested that pirin may be associated with cancer, inflammatory diseases as well as COVID-19 severities. Hence, it is important to explore the pathogenicity of its missense variants. In this study, we used a number of in silico tools to investigate the effects of missense variants of pirin on its structure, stability, metal cofactor binding affinity and interactions with partner proteins. In addition, we used protein dynamics simulation to elucidate the effects of selected variants on its dynamics. Furthermore, we calculated the frequencies of haplotypes containing pirin missense variants across five major super-populations (African, Admixed American, East Asian, European and South Asian). RESULTS Among a total of 153 missense variants of pirin, 45 were uniformly predicted to be pathogenic. Of these, seven variants can be considered for further experimental studies. Variants R59P and L116P were predicted to significantly destabilize and damage pirin structure, substantially reduce its affinity to its binding partners and alter pirin residue fluctuation profile via changing the flexibility of several key residues. Additionally, variants R59Q, F78V, G98D, V151D and L220P were found to impact pirin structure and function in multiple ways. As no haplotype was identified to be harboring more than one missense variant, further interrogation of the individual effects of these seven missense variants is highly recommended. CONCLUSIONS Pirin is involved in the transcriptional regulation of several genes and can play an important role in inflammatory responses. The variants predicted to be pathogenic in this study may thus contribute to a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of various inflammatory diseases. Future studies should be focused on clarifying if any of these variants can be used as disease biomarkers. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42269-022-00917-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auroni Semonti Khan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100 Bangladesh
| | - Nahid Parvez
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100 Bangladesh
| | - Tamim Ahsan
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Samad Shoily
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ashfaqur Sajib
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
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13
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A Review of Toxicity Mechanism Studies of Electronic Cigarettes on Respiratory System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095030. [PMID: 35563421 PMCID: PMC9102406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have attracted much attention as a new substitute for conventional cigarettes. E-cigarettes are first exposed to the respiratory system after inhalation, and studies on the toxicity mechanisms of e-cigarettes have been reported. Current research shows that e-cigarette exposure may have potentially harmful effects on cells, animals, and humans, while the safety evaluation of the long-term effects of e-cigarette use is still unknown. Similar but not identical to conventional cigarettes, the toxicity mechanisms of e-cigarettes are mainly manifested in oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and DNA damage. This review will summarize the toxicity mechanisms and signal pathways of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes concerning the respiratory system, which could give researchers a better understanding and direction on the effects of e-cigarettes on our health.
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14
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Li J, Baker J, Higham A, Shah R, Montero-Fernandez A, Murray C, Cooper N, Lucas C, Fox C, Singh D, Lea S. COPD lung studies of Nrf2 expression and the effects of Nrf2 activators. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1431-1443. [PMID: 35441963 PMCID: PMC9293829 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nrf2 regulates cellular antioxidant defence in lung cells, including epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages (AM). The Nrf2/Keap-1 pathway can be modulated by activators with different modes of action; electrophilic compounds and protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors. We assessed Nrf2 and Keap-1 protein and gene levels in COPD compared to controls and the effect of Nrf2 activators on COPD AM. METHODS Lung resected tissue from non-smokers, smokers and COPD patients were analysed for epithelial and AM expression of Nrf2 and Keap-1 by imunoshistochemistry and by qPCR in isolated AM. AM were cultured with Nrf2 activators CDDO, C4X_6665, GSK7, MMF and Sulforaphane. Expression of Nrf2 target genes NQO1, HMOX1 SOD1 and TXNRD1 and NQO1 activity were assessed. RESULTS Nrf2 and Keap-1 expression was not altered in the epithelium or AM of COPD patients compared to controls. NQO1 activity was downregulated, while NQO1, HMOX1, SOD1 and TXNRD1 gene expression increased in COPD patients. All Nrf2 activators increased NQO1 activity, and NQO1, HMOX1, SOD1 and TXNRD1 expression in AMs from both COPD and smokers. The potency of C4X_6665 on NQO1 activity and regulation of Nrf2 target gene expression was higher than other compounds. CONCLUSION There is evidence of dysregulation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway in AM from COPD patients. The higher potency of the novel PPI Nrf2 compound C4X_6665 for inducing antioxidant activity and gene expression compared to electrophilic and other PPI Nrf2 activators highlights the therapeutic potential of this compound to address Nrf2 pathway dysregulation in COPD AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - James Baker
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Higham
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rajesh Shah
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dave Singh
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Lea
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK. .,2nd Floor Office Education and Research Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK.
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15
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Rayner RE, Makena P, Liu G, Prasad GL, Cormet-Boyaka E. Differential gene expression of 3D primary human airway cultures exposed to cigarette smoke and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) preparations. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:76. [PMID: 35369880 PMCID: PMC8978419 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exposure to cigarette smoke alters gene expression in several biological pathways such as apoptosis, immune response, tumorigenesis and stress response, among others. However, the effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) on early changes in gene expression is relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the early toxicogenomic changes using a fully-differentiated primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) culture model after an acute exposure to cigarette and ENDS preparations. RESULTS RNA sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis identified time and dose dependent changes in gene expression and several canonical pathways when exposed to cigarette preparations compared to vehicle control, including oxidative stress, xenobiotic metabolism, SPINK1 general cancer pathways and mucociliary clearance. No changes were observed with ENDS preparations containing up to 28 µg/mL nicotine. Full model hierarchical clustering revealed that ENDS preparations were similar to vehicle control. CONCLUSION This study revealed that while an acute exposure to cigarette preparations significantly and differentially regulated many genes and canonical pathways, ENDS preparations containing the same concentration of nicotine had very little effect on gene expression in fully-differentiated primary NHBE cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Rayner
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Gang Liu
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - G L Prasad
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Prasad Scientific Consulting LLC, Lewisville, NC, USA
| | - Estelle Cormet-Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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16
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Zhang Y, Knatko EV, Higgins M, Dayalan Naidu S, Smith G, Honda T, de la Vega L, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Pirin, an Nrf2-Regulated Protein, Is Overexpressed in Human Colorectal Tumors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:262. [PMID: 35204145 PMCID: PMC8868368 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary conserved non-heme Fe-containing protein pirin has been implicated as an important factor in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumour progression of melanoma, breast, lung, cervical, prostate, and oral cancers. Here we found that pirin is overexpressed in human colorectal cancer in comparison with matched normal tissue. The overexpression of pirin correlates with activation of transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased expression of the classical Nrf2 target NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), but interestingly and unexpectedly, not with expression of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family members AKR1B10 and AKR1C1, which are considered to be the most overexpressed genes in response to Nrf2 activation in humans. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches to either downregulate or upregulate Nrf2, we show that pirin is regulated by Nrf2 in human and mouse cells and in the mouse colon in vivo. The small molecule pirin inhibitor TPhA decreased the viability of human colorectal cancer (DLD1) cells, but this decrease was independent of the levels of pirin. Our study demonstrates the Nrf2-dependent regulation of pirin and encourages the pursuit for specific pirin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (Y.Z.); (E.V.K.); (M.H.); (S.D.N.); (G.S.); (L.d.l.V.)
| | - Elena V. Knatko
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (Y.Z.); (E.V.K.); (M.H.); (S.D.N.); (G.S.); (L.d.l.V.)
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (Y.Z.); (E.V.K.); (M.H.); (S.D.N.); (G.S.); (L.d.l.V.)
| | - Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (Y.Z.); (E.V.K.); (M.H.); (S.D.N.); (G.S.); (L.d.l.V.)
| | - Gillian Smith
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (Y.Z.); (E.V.K.); (M.H.); (S.D.N.); (G.S.); (L.d.l.V.)
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (Y.Z.); (E.V.K.); (M.H.); (S.D.N.); (G.S.); (L.d.l.V.)
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (Y.Z.); (E.V.K.); (M.H.); (S.D.N.); (G.S.); (L.d.l.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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17
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Ye T, Yang L, Shen Y, Li H. Ferroptosis Signaling and Regulators in Atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809457. [PMID: 34977044 PMCID: PMC8716792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke. Abnormal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation are the main features of AS. Ferroptosis is an iron-driven programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation, which have been proved to participate in the development and progression of AS by different signal pathways. NRF2-Keap1 pathway decreases ferroptosis associated with AS by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis, increasing the production glutathione, GPX4 and NADPH. The p53 plays different roles in ferroptosis at different stages of AS in a transcription-dependent and transcription- independent manner. The Hippo pathway is involved in progression of AS, which has been proved the activation of ferroptosis. Other transcription factors, such as ATF3, ATF4, STAT3, also involved in the occurrence of ferroptosis and AS. Certain proteins or enzymes also have a regulatory role in AS and ferroptosis. In this paper, we review the mechanism of ferroptosis and its important role in AS in an attempt to find a new relationship between ferroptosis and AS and provide new ideas for the future treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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18
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Smoking shifts human small airway epithelium club cells toward a lesser differentiated population. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:73. [PMID: 34497273 PMCID: PMC8426481 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The club cell, a small airway epithelial (SAE) cell, plays a central role in human lung host defense. We hypothesized that subpopulations of club cells with distinct functions may exist. The SAE of healthy nonsmokers and healthy cigarette smokers were evaluated by single-cell RNA sequencing, and unsupervised clustering revealed subpopulations of SCGCB1A1+KRT5loMUC5AC- club cells. Club cell heterogeneity was supported by evaluations of SAE tissue sections, brushed SAE cells, and in vitro air-liquid interface cultures. Three subpopulations included: (1) progenitor; (2) proliferating; and (3) effector club cells. The progenitor club cell population expressed high levels of mitochondrial, ribosomal proteins, and KRT5 relative to other club cell populations and included a differentiation branch point leading to mucous cell production. The small proliferating population expressed high levels of cyclins and proliferation markers. The effector club cell cluster expressed genes related to host defense, xenobiotic metabolism, and barrier functions associated with club cell function. Comparison of smokers vs. nonsmokers demonstrated that smoking limited the extent of differentiation of all three subclusters and altered SAM pointed domain-containing Ets transcription factor (SPDEF)-regulated transcription in the effector cell population leading to a change in the location of the branch point for mucous cell production, a potential explanation for the concomitant reduction in effector club cells and increase in mucous cells in smokers. These observations provide insights into both the makeup of human SAE club cell subpopulations and the smoking-induced changes in club cell biology.
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19
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Cao Y, Wu D, Ma Y, Ma X, Wang S, Li F, Li M, Zhang T. Toxicity of electronic cigarettes: A general review of the origins, health hazards, and toxicity mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145475. [PMID: 33770885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarette) are an alternative for traditional cigarette smokers to quit smoking. Based on the current understanding, electronic cigarettes have rapidly become popular among existing smokers and former non-smokers. However, increasing research at different levels reveals that e-cigarettes are unsafe. This review provides an overview of the toxicology of e-cigarettes based on existing in vivo and in vitro studies and compares their toxicity with that of traditional cigarettes. Moreover, we describe the associated toxicity components in e-cigarettes, as well as the potential mechanism by which e-cigarettes exert toxic effects. As is known to all, the nicotine in traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes has certain toxicity. Besides, a few studies have shown that propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin mixture and flavoring agents in e-cigarettes also are the key components causing adverse effects in animals or cells. There is insufficient scientific evidence on the toxicity of e-cigarettes due to the lack of standardized research methods, prompting the need to conduct a comprehensive toxicity assessment of e-cigarette toxicity to elucidate the safety issues of e-cigarettes. Eventually, a basis for decision-making on whether people use e-cigarettes will be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Daming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinmo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shile Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fuxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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20
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Ji G, Zhang M, Liu Q, Wu S, Wang Y, Chen G, Sandford AJ, He JQ. Functional Polymorphism in the NFE2L2 Gene Associated With Tuberculosis Susceptibility. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660384. [PMID: 34108963 PMCID: PMC8181729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), encoded by NFE2L2, functions as a key transcription factor and regulates expression of antioxidant genes. Our study aimed to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of NFE2L2 with tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and the underlying causal mechanisms. Methods 1950 unrelated Chinese Han participants were included in our two independent study groups. Five tag polymorphisms were selected and genotyped. The functional effects of the rs13005431 polymorphism were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays and mRNA level comparisons. Results Rs13005431_C and rs2364723_G were associated with increased TB susceptibility (P = 0.010 and P = 0.041) after adjustment for confounding factors. rs6726395_A was associated with increased risk of active TB (P=0.035) in a comparison with the LTBI group. The frequency of haplotype rs1049751- rs13005431 AC was higher in the TB group (P =0.013), while frequency of haplotype AT was higher in the healthy control group (P =0.025). The luciferase activity of a plasmid with the rs13005431C-promoter was significantly lower than that of the rs13005431T-promoter. In addition, neutrophils with the CC/TC genotypes which were activated by GM-CSF showed a decreased level of NFE2L2 mRNA when compared with the rs13005431 TT genotype. Conclusions Our study suggests that allele C of rs13005431 might increase the susceptibility to TB by down-regulating the transcriptional activity of NFE2L2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chengdu Municipal First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Division of Geriatrics, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Andrew J. Sandford
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Kunkel ST, Moschetti WE, Werth P, Fillingham Y, Jevsevar D, VanCitters D, Currier J, Currier B, Henderson E. Tobacco Exposure Is Associated With Extremely Low Polyethylene Oxidation in Total Knee Arthroplasty Components. Arthroplast Today 2021; 8:243-246. [PMID: 33948459 PMCID: PMC8080396 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluate whether patient exposures such as tobacco use are associated with high systemic or local in vivo oxidative state and with increased in vivo polyethylene oxidation. Methods We performed a case-control study which evaluated clinical factors associated with high systemic or local in vivo oxidative state among patients whose implants have been identified as demonstrating either extreme or minimal oxidation by our implant retrieval laboratory. Analysis of more than 2500 tibial inserts from explanted total knee arthroplasty demonstrated a wide spectrum of polyethylene oxidation. Components from some patients exhibited extremely high oxidation rates (super-oxidizers), and components from other patients demonstrated negligible oxidation (nonoxidizers). Patients' clinical data were retrospectively investigated from a prospectively collected institutional database. Results Eighteen patients met criteria as either super-oxidizers (9) or nonoxidizers (9). Average time in vivo was 6.6 (±4.4) years. Reasons for removal were aseptic loosening (10), instability (3), infection (2), component malposition (1), massive osteolysis (1), and other (1). Chi-square for categorical predictors demonstrated that nonoxidizer patients were significantly more likely to be current smokers than super-oxidizers (6 vs 0, P = .012). No other free radical-associated variables were significantly different across oxidation groups. Conclusion There was a significant association between extremely low ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene oxidation and current smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Kunkel
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
- Corresponding author. One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756. Tel.: +1 513 237 4501.
| | - Wayne E. Moschetti
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
| | - Paul Werth
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
| | - Yale Fillingham
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
| | - David Jevsevar
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
| | | | - John Currier
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH
| | - Barbara Currier
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH
| | - Eric Henderson
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
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22
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Watzky M, de Dieuleveult M, Letessier A, Saint-Ruf C, Miotto B. Assessing the consequences of environmental exposures on the expression of the human receptor and proteases involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110317. [PMID: 33069705 PMCID: PMC7560643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of environmental condition on the infection by the novel pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 virus remains uncertain. In here, exploiting a large panel of publicly available genome-wide data, we investigated whether the human receptor ACE2 and human proteases TMPRSS2, FURIN and CATHEPSINs (B, L and V), which are involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, are transcriptionally regulated by environmental cues. We report that more than 50 chemicals modulate the expression of ACE2 or human proteases important for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. We further demonstrate that transcription factor AhR, which is commonly activated by pollutants, binds to the promoter of TMPRSS2 and enhancers and/or promoters of Cathepsin B, L and V encoding genes. Our exploratory study documents an influence of environmental exposures on the expression of genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. These results could be conceptually and medically relevant to our understanding of the COVID-19 disease, and should be further explored in laboratory and epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Watzky
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Maud de Dieuleveult
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Anne Letessier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Claude Saint-Ruf
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Benoit Miotto
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France.
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Shi Z, Zhang L, Zheng J, Sun H, Shao C. Ferroptosis: Biochemistry and Biology in Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:579286. [PMID: 33868986 PMCID: PMC8047310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.579286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of eradicating cancer is that cancer cells possess diverse mechanisms to protect themselves from clinical strategies. Recently, ferroptosis has been shown to exhibit appreciable anti-tumor activity that could be harnessed for cancer therapy in the future. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death that is characterized by the oxidization of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and accumulation of lipid peroxides. Ferroptosis has been closely correlated with numerous biological processes, such as amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, iron metabolism, and lipid metabolism, as well as key regulators including GPX4, FSP1, NRF2, and p53. Although ferroptosis could be involved in killing various cancer cells, multiple aspects of this phenomenon remain unresolved. In this review, we summarize the biochemistry and biology of ferroptosis in diverse cancers and discuss the potential mechanisms of ferroptosis, which might pave the way for guiding cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Shi
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen Univerisity, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Clinical Central Research Core, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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24
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Jung J, Lee YJ, Kim CH, Ahn S. Landscape of epigenetically regulated lncRNAs and DNA methylation in smokers with lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247928. [PMID: 33684161 PMCID: PMC7939300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with DNA methylation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using clinical and methylation/expression data from 184 qualified LUAD tissue samples and 21 normal lung-tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified 1865 differentially expressed genes that correlated negatively with the methylation profiles of normal lung tissues, never-smoker LUAD tissues and smoker LUAD tissues, while 1079 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified using the same criteria. These transcripts were integrated using ingenuity pathway analysis to determine significant pathways directly related to cancer, suggesting that lncRNAs play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. When comparing normal lung tissues and smoker LUAD tissues, 86 candidate genes were identified, including six lncRNAs. Of the 43 candidate genes revealed by comparing never-smoker LUAD tissues and smoker LUAD tissues, 13 were also different when compared to normal lung tissues. We then investigated the expression of these genes using the Gene Expression of Normal and Tumor Tissues (GENT) and Methylation and Expression Database of Normal and Tumor Tissues (MENT) databases. We observed an inverse correlation between the expression of 13 genes in normal lung tissues and smoker LUAD tissues, and the expression of five genes between the never-smoker and smoker LUAD tissues. These findings were further validated in clinical specimens using bisulfite sequencing, revealing that AGR2, AURKB, FOXP3, and HMGA1 displayed borderline differences in methylation. Finally, we explored the functional connections between DNA methylation, lncRNAs, and gene expression to identify possible targets that may contribute toward the pathogenesis of cigarette smoking-associated LUAD. Together, our findings suggested that differentially expressed lncRNAs and their target transcripts could serve as potential biomarkers for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hwan Kim
- Department of Pathology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CHK); (SA)
| | - Sangjeong Ahn
- Department of Pathology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CHK); (SA)
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25
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Role of Pirin, an Oxidative Stress Sensor Protein, in Epithelial Carcinogenesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020116. [PMID: 33557375 PMCID: PMC7915911 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pirin is an oxidative stress (OS) sensor belonging to the functionally diverse cupin superfamily of proteins. Pirin is a suggested quercetinase and transcriptional activator of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. Its biological role in cancer development remains a novel area of study. This review presents accumulating evidence on the contribution of Pirin in epithelial cancers, involved signaling pathways, and as a suggested therapeutic target. Finally, we propose a model in which Pirin is upregulated by physical, chemical or biological factors involved in OS and cancer development.
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26
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Hu N, Bai L, Dai E, Han L, Kang R, Li H, Tang D. Pirin is a nuclear redox-sensitive modulator of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 536:100-106. [PMID: 33373853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In regulated cell death, genetically encoded molecular machinery destroys cells. This process is not only essential for organ development and homeostasis, but also leads to pathological diseases. One form of regulated cell death is ferroptosis, which is an iron-dependent oxidative cell death caused by lipid peroxidation. Although inducing ferroptosis is an emerging anticancer strategy, the molecular mechanism underlying tumor resistance to ferroptotic cell death is still unclear. Here, we show that pirin (PIR), an iron-binding nuclear protein, plays a previously unrecognized role in mediating ferroptosis resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells. The transcription factor NFE2L2 mediates the upregulation of PIR during ferroptosis caused by small-molecule compounds (e.g., erastin or RSL3). PIR is a nuclear redox sensor and regulator, and increasing it limits the oxidative damage of DNA and the subsequent cytoplasmic transport and extracellular release of HMGB1. In contrast, the depletion of PIR initiates HMGB1-dependent autophagy by binding to BECN1, and subsequently promotes ferroptosis by activating ACSL4. Consequently, in cell cultures and xenograft mouse models, blocking PIR signaling enhances ferroptosis-mediated tumor growth suppression. Together, these findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjun Hu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Lulu Bai
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Enyong Dai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hongjun Li
- Physical Examination Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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27
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Marshall K, Liu Z, Olfert IM, Gao W. Chronic electronic cigarette use elicits molecular changes related to pulmonary pathogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 406:115224. [PMID: 32890605 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The relative safety of chronic exposure to electronic cigarette (e-cig) aerosol remains unclear in terms of lung pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate gene/protein biomarkers, which are associated with cigarette-induced pulmonary injury in animals chronically exposed to nicotine containing e-cig aerosol. C57BL/6 J mice were randomly assigned to three exposure groups: e-cig, tobacco cigarette smoke, and filtered air. Lung tissues and/or paraffin embedded slides were used to evaluate gene and/or protein expressions of the CYP450 metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP2A5, and CYP3A11), oxidative stress (Nrf2, SOD1), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (E-cadherin and vimentin), lung pathogenesis (AhR), and survival/apoptotic pathways (p-AKT, BCL-XL, p53, p21, and CRM1). Expressions of E-cadherin and CRM1 were significantly decreased, while CYP1A1, AhR, SOD1 and BCL-XL were significantly upregulated in the e-cig group compared to the control (p < 0.05). Nuclear sub-cellular localization of p53, evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining, in bronchiolar tissues was higher in the e-cig group (25.3 ± 2.7%) as compared to controls (12.1 ± 1.8%) (p < 0.01). Although the biomarkers responses were not identical, in general, the responses had similar qualitative trends between the e-cig and cigarette groups. As these related molecular changes are involved in the pathogenesis of cigarette-induced lung injury, the possibility exists that e-cigs can produce a similar outcome. Although further investigation is warranted, e-cigs are unlikely to be considered as safe in terms of pulmonary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Marshall
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America
| | - I Mark Olfert
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America; Center for Inhalation Toxicology, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America; West Virginia University School of Medicine, Division of Exercise Physiology, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America; West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America; Center for Inhalation Toxicology, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America.
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28
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Rius-Pérez S, Pérez S, Martí-Andrés P, Monsalve M, Sastre J. Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Complexes in Acute Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:145-165. [PMID: 31856585 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a master regulator of the inflammatory response and represents a key regulatory node in the complex inflammatory signaling network. In addition, selective NF-κB transcriptional activity on specific target genes occurs through the control of redox-sensitive NF-κB interactions. Recent Advances: The selective NF-κB response is mediated by redox-modulated NF-κB complexes with ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), Pirin (PIR). cAMP response element-binding (CREB)-binding protein (CBP)/p300, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), activator protein-1 (AP-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), and SP-1. NF-κB is cooperatively coactivated with AP-1, STAT3, EGR-1, and SP-1 during the inflammatory process, whereas NF-κB complexes with CBP/p300 and PGC-1α regulate the expression of antioxidant genes. PGC-1α may act as selective repressor of phospho-p65 toward interleukin-6 (IL-6) in acute inflammation. p65 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) compete for binding to coactivator CBP/p300 playing opposite roles in the regulation of inflammatory genes. S-nitrosylation or tyrosine nitration favors the recruitment of specific NF-κB subunits to κB sites. Critical Issues: NF-κB is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that forms specific signaling complexes to regulate selectively the expression of target genes in acute inflammation. Protein-protein interactions with coregulatory proteins, other transcription factors, and chromatin-remodeling proteins provide transcriptional specificity to NF-κB. Furthermore, different NF-κB subunits may form distinct redox-sensitive homo- and heterodimers with distinct affinities for κB sites. Future Directions: Further research is required to elucidate the whole NF-κB interactome to fully characterize the complex NF-κB signaling network in redox signaling, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martí-Andrés
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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29
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Corbett SE, Nitzberg M, Moses E, Kleerup E, Wang T, Perdomo C, Perdomo C, Liu G, Xiao X, Liu H, Elashoff DA, Brooks DR, O'Connor GT, Dubinett SM, Spira A, Lenburg ME. Gene Expression Alterations in the Bronchial Epithelium of e-Cigarette Users. Chest 2019; 156:764-773. [PMID: 31233743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although e-cigarette (ECIG) use has increased in the United States, their potential health effects remain uncertain. Understanding the effects of tobacco cigarette (TCIG) smoke on bronchial airway epithelial gene expression have previously provided insights into tobacco-related disease pathogenesis. Identifying the impact of ECIGs on airway gene expression could provide insights into their potential long-term health effects. We sought to compare the bronchial airway gene-expression profiles of former TCIG smokers now using ECIGs with the profiles of former and current TCIG smokers. METHODS We performed gene-expression profiling of bronchial epithelial cells collected from current TCIG smokers (n = 9), current ECIG users who are former TCIG smokers (n = 15), and former TCIG smokers (n = 21). We then compared our findings with previous studies of the effects of TCIG use on bronchial epithelium, as well an in vitro model of ECIG exposure. RESULTS Among 3,165 genes whose expression varied between the three study groups (q < 0.05), we identified 468 genes altered in ECIG users relative to former smokers (P < .05). Seventy-nine of these genes were up- or down-regulated concordantly among ECIG and TCIG users. We did not detect ECIG-associated gene-expression changes in known pathways associated with TCIG usage. Genes downregulated in ECIG users are enriched among the genes most downregulated by exposure of airway epithelium to ECIG vapor in vitro. CONCLUSIONS ECIGs induce both distinct and shared patterns of gene expression relative to TCIGs in the bronchial airway epithelium. The concordance of the genes altered in ECIG users and in the in vitro study suggests that genes altered in ECIG users are likely to be changed as the direct effect of ECIG exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E Corbett
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Nitzberg
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth Moses
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Kleerup
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Teresa Wang
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Catalina Perdomo
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia Perdomo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gang Liu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaohui Xiao
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David A Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel R Brooks
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - George T O'Connor
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Johnson & Johnson, Cambridge, MA.
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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30
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Dodson M, Castro-Portuguez R, Zhang DD. NRF2 plays a critical role in mitigating lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101107. [PMID: 30692038 PMCID: PMC6859567 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1088] [Impact Index Per Article: 217.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key regulator of the cellular antioxidant response, controlling the expression of genes that counteract oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Many pathological conditions are linked to imbalances in redox homeostasis, illustrating the important role of antioxidant defense systems in preventing the pathogenic effects associated with the accumulation of reactive species. In particular, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the accumulation of lipid peroxides has an important role in driving the pathogenesis of multiple disease states. A key example of this is the recent discovery of a novel form of cell death termed ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven cell death cascade that has become a key target in the development of anti-cancer therapies, as well as the prevention of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of lipid peroxidation, as well as key components involved in the ferroptotic cascade. We will also highlight the role of the NRF2 signaling pathway in mediating lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, focusing on established NRF2 target genes that mitigate these pathways, as well as the relevance of the NRF2-lipid peroxidation-ferroptosis axis in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721
| | - Raul Castro-Portuguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85724.
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31
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Arimilli S, Makena P, Liu G, Prasad GL. Distinct gene expression changes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with different tobacco product preparations. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 57:117-125. [PMID: 30776502 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking exerts diverse physiological effects including immune suppression. To better characterize the biological effects of different categories of tobacco products, a genome-wide gene expression study was performed. Transcriptomic profiling was performed in PBMCs treated with different equi-nicotine units of aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke (termed Whole Smoke-Conditioned Medium, or WS-CM), or a single dose smokeless tobacco extract (STE) prepared from reference tobacco products. WS-CM induced dose-dependent changes in the expression of several genes. No significant expression differences between low WS-CM and media control were detected. However, transcripts were significantly affected by medium WS-CM (479), high WS-CM (2, 703), and STE (2, 156). The overlap between medium WS-CM and STE, and high WS-CM and STE, was minimal (34 and 65 transcripts, respectively). Hierarchical clustering revealed that gene expression profiles for STE and medium WS-CM co-clustered, while those affected by the high dose of WS-CM clustered distinctly. Functional analysis revealed that WS-CM, but not STE, uniquely affected genes involved in immune cell development and inflammatory response. Cascades of upstream regulators (e.g., TNF, IL1β, NFƙB) were identified for the observed gene expression changes and generally suppressed by WS-CM, but not by STE. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that combustible and non-combustible tobacco products elicit distinct biological effects, which could explain the observed chronic immune suppression in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrudu Makena
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - G L Prasad
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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32
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Sidhaye VK, Holbrook JT, Burke A, Sudini KR, Sethi S, Criner GJ, Fahey JW, Berenson CS, Jacobs MR, Thimmulappa R, Wise RA, Biswal S. Compartmentalization of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory gene expression in current and former smokers with COPD. Respir Res 2019; 20:190. [PMID: 31429757 PMCID: PMC6700818 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have high oxidative stress associated with the severity of the disease. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-directed stress response plays a critical role in the protection of lung cells to oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant genes in response to tobacco smoke. There is a critical gap in our knowledge about Nrf-2 regulated genes in active smokers and former-smokers with COPD in different cell types from of lungs and surrogate peripheral tissues. METHODS We compared the expression of Nrf2 and six of its target genes in alveolar macrophages, nasal, and bronchial epithelium and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in current and former smokers with COPD. We compared cell-type specific of Nrf2 and its target genes as well as markers of oxidative and inflammatory stress. RESULTS We enrolled 89 patients; expression all Nrf2 target gene measured were significantly higher in the bronchial epithelium from smokers compared to non-smokers. None were elevated in alveolar macrophages and only one was elevated in each of the other compartments. CONCLUSION Bronchial epithelium is the most responsive tissue for transcriptional activation of Nrf2 target genes in active smokers compared to former-smokers with COPD that correlated with oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. There were no consistent trends in gene expression in other cell types tested. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT01335971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramana K. Sidhaye
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Janet T. Holbrook
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Alyce Burke
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kuladeep R. Sudini
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3University at Buffalo, SUNY, and VA WNY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- 0000 0001 2248 3398grid.264727.2Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jed W. Fahey
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Charles S. Berenson
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3University at Buffalo, SUNY, and VA WNY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Michael R. Jacobs
- 0000 0001 2248 3398grid.264727.2Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Rajesh Thimmulappa
- 0000 0004 1765 9514grid.414778.9JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Robert A. Wise
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Iron and oxygen are intimately linked: iron is an essential nutrient utilized as a cofactor in enzymes for oxygen transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolite oxidation. However, excess labile iron facilitates the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals capable of damaging biomolecules. Therefore, biological utilization of iron is a tightly regulated process. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) transcription factor, which can respond to oxidative and electrophilic stress, regulates several genes involved in iron metabolism. Recent Advances: The bulk of NRF2 transcription factor research has focused on its roles in detoxification and cancer prevention. Recent works have identified that several genes involved in heme synthesis, hemoglobin catabolism, iron storage, and iron export are under the control of NRF2. Constitutive NRF2 activation and subsequent deregulation of iron metabolism have been implicated in cancer development: NRF2-mediated upregulation of the iron storage protein ferritin or heme oxygenase 1 can lead to enhanced proliferation and therapy resistance. Of note, NRF2 activation and alterations to iron signaling in cancers may hinder efforts to induce the iron-dependent cell death process known as ferroptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite growing recognition of NRF2 as a modulator of iron signaling, exactly how iron metabolism is altered due to NRF2 activation in normal physiology and in pathologic conditions remains imprecise; moreover, the roles of NRF2-mediated iron signaling changes in disease progression are only beginning to be uncovered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies are necessary to connect NRF2 activation with physiological and pathological changes to iron signaling and oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael John Kerins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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Chang WH, Thai P, Xu J, Yang DC, Wu R, Chen CH. Cigarette Smoke Regulates the Competitive Interactions between NRF2 and BACH1 for Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112386. [PMID: 29125538 PMCID: PMC5713355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke has been shown to trigger aberrant signaling pathways and pathophysiological processes; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying smoke-induced gene expression remain to be established. Herein, we observed that two smoke-responsive genes, HO-1 and CYP1A1, are robustly induced upon smoke by different mechanisms in human bronchial epithelia. CYP1A1 is mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, while induction of HO-1 is regulated by oxidative stress, and suppressed by N-acetylcysteine treatment. In light of a pivotal role of NRF2 and BACH1 in response to oxidative stress and regulation of HO-1, we examined if smoke-induced HO-1 expression is modulated through the NRF2/BACH1 axis. We demonstrated that smoke causes significant nuclear translocation of NRF2, but only a slight decrease in nuclear BACH1. Knockdown of NRF2 attenuated smoke-induced HO-1 expression while down-regulation of BACH1 had stimulatory effects on both basal and smoke-induced HO-1 with trivial influence on NRF2 nuclear translocation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that smoke augments promoter-specific DNA binding of NRF2 but suppresses BACH1 binding to the HO-1 promoter ARE sites, two of which at −1.0 kb and −2.6 kb are newly identified. These results suggest that the regulation of NRF2 activator and BACH1 repressor binding to the ARE sites are critical for smoke-mediated HO-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Philip Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jihao Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - David C Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Reen Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Adeniran C, Hamelberg D. Redox-Specific Allosteric Modulation of the Conformational Dynamics of κB DNA by Pirin in the NF-κB Supramolecular Complex. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5002-5010. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Adeniran
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
| | - Donald Hamelberg
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
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Talikka M, Martin F, Sewer A, Vuillaume G, Leroy P, Luettich K, Chaudhary N, Peck MJ, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Mechanistic Evaluation of the Impact of Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on the Nasal Epithelium. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CIRCULATORY RESPIRATORY AND PULMONARY MEDICINE 2017; 11:1179548417710928. [PMID: 28620266 PMCID: PMC5466113 DOI: 10.1177/1179548417710928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development of markers of COPD onset is hampered by the lack of accessibility to the primary target tissue, and there is a need to consider other sample sources as surrogates for biomarker research. Airborne toxicants pass through the nasal epithelium before reaching the lower airways, and the similarity with bronchial histology makes it an attractive surrogate for lower airways. In this work, we describe the transcriptomics findings from the nasal epithelia of subjects enrolled in a clinical study focusing on the identification of COPD biomarkers. Transcriptomic data were analyzed using the biological network approach that enabled us to pinpoint the biological processes affected in the upper respiratory tract in response to smoking and mild-to-moderate COPD. Our results indicated that nasal and lower airway immune responses were considerably different in COPD subjects and caution should be exercised when using upper airway samples as a surrogate for the lower airway. Nevertheless, the network approach described here could present a sensitive means of identifying smokers at risk of developing COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris Products SA and Research & Development (R&D), Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris Products SA and Research & Development (R&D), Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris Products SA and Research & Development (R&D), Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Vuillaume
- Philip Morris Products SA and Research & Development (R&D), Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris Products SA and Research & Development (R&D), Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris Products SA and Research & Development (R&D), Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nveed Chaudhary
- Philip Morris Products SA and Research & Development (R&D), Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Peck
- Philip Morris Products SA and Research & Development (R&D), Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris Products SA and Research & Development (R&D), Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris Products SA and Research & Development (R&D), Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Arimilli S, Madahian B, Chen P, Marano K, Prasad GL. Gene expression profiles associated with cigarette smoking and moist snuff consumption. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:156. [PMID: 28193179 PMCID: PMC5307792 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among the different tobacco products that are available on the US market, cigarette smoking is shown to be the most harmful and the effects of cigarette smoking have been well studied. US epidemiological studies indicate that non-combustible tobacco products are less harmful than smoking and yet very limited biological and mechanistic information is available on the effects of these alternative tobacco products. For the first time, we characterized gene expression profiling in PBMCs from moist snuff consumers (MSC), compared with that from consumers of cigarettes (SMK) and non-tobacco consumers (NTC). Results Microarray analysis identified 100 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the SMK and NTC groups and 46 DEGs between SMK and MSC groups. However, we found no significant differences in gene expression between MSC and NTC. Both hierarchical clustering and principle component analysis revealed that MSC and NTC expression profiles were more similar than to SMK. Random forest classification identified a subset of DEGs which predicted SMK from either NTC or MSC with high accuracy (AUC 0.98). Conclusions PMBC gene expression profiles of NTC and MSC are similar to each other, while SMK exhibit distinct profiles with alterations in immune related pathways. In addition to discovering several biomarkers, these studies support further understanding of the biological effects of different tobacco products. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01923402. Date of Registration: August 14, 2013. Study was retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3565-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Arimilli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | | | - Peter Chen
- RAI Services Company, PO Box 1487, Winston-Salem, NC, 27102, USA
| | - Kristin Marano
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - G L Prasad
- RAI Services Company, PO Box 1487, Winston-Salem, NC, 27102, USA.
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Lu MC, Ji JA, Jiang ZY, You QD. The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Pathway As a Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Target: An Update. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:924-63. [PMID: 27192495 DOI: 10.1002/med.21396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE ((Kelch-like ECH-Associating protein 1) nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2-antioxidant response element) pathway is one of the most important defense mechanisms against oxidative and/or electrophilic stresses, and it is closely associated with inflammatory diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. In recent years, progress has been made in strategies aimed at modulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. The Nrf2 activator DMF (Dimethylfumarates) has been approved by the FDA as a new first-line oral drug to treat patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, while a phase 3 study of another promising candidate, CDDO-Me, was terminated for safety reasons. Directly inhibiting Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interactions as a novel Nrf2-modulating strategy has many advantages over using electrophilic Nrf2 activators. The development of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction inhibitors has become a topic of intense research, and potent inhibitors of this target have been identified. In addition, inhibiting Nrf2 activity has attracted an increasing amount of attention because it may provide an alternative cancer therapy. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system. The main focus of this review is on recent progress in studies of agents that target the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and the therapeutic applications of such agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian-Ai Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Sato K, Tatsunami R, Yama K, Murao Y, Tampo Y. Glycolaldehyde induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in Schwann cells. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1454-1462. [PMID: 28962488 PMCID: PMC5598486 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolaldehyde induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in Schwann cells. Glycolaldehyde causes apoptosis in Schwann cells. Nrf2 activated by glycolaldehyde plays a protective role in the cytotoxicity.
Schwann cell injury is caused by diabetic neuropathy. The apoptosis of Schwann cells plays a pivotal role in diabetic nerve dysfunction. Glycolaldehyde is a precursor of advanced glycation end products that contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. In this study, we examined whether glycolaldehyde induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in rat Schwann cells. Schwann cells treated with 500 μM glycolaldehyde showed morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. Glycolaldehyde activated apoptotic signals, such as caspase-3 and caspase-8. Furthermore, it induced ER stress response involving RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring ER-to-nucleus signal kinase 1α (IRE1α), and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). In addition, glycolaldehyde activated CCAAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP), an ER stress response factor crucial to executing apoptosis. Knockdown of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is involved in the promotion of cell survival following ER stress, enhanced glycolaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity, indicating that Nrf2 plays a protective role in the cytotoxicity caused by glycolaldehyde. Taken together, these findings indicate that glycolaldehyde is capable of inducing apoptosis and ER stress in Schwann cells. The ER stress induced by glycolaldehyde may trigger the glycolaldehyde-induced apoptosis in Schwann cells. This study demonstrated for the first time that glycolaldehyde induced ER stress.
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Key Words
- AGEs, advanced glycation end products
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- Apoptosis
- CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress
- GA, glycolaldehyde
- Glycolaldehyde
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- IRE1, inositol-requiring ER-to-nucleus signal kinase 1
- MG, methylglyoxal
- Nrf2, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2
- Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2
- PERK, RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase
- Schwann cell
- eIF2, eukaryotic initiation factor 2
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Abed DA, Goldstein M, Albanyan H, Jin H, Hu L. Discovery of direct inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction as potential therapeutic and preventive agents. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:285-99. [PMID: 26579458 PMCID: PMC4629420 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Keap1–Nrf2–ARE pathway is an important antioxidant defense mechanism that protects cells from oxidative stress and the Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction (PPI) has become an important drug target to upregulate the expression of ARE-controlled cytoprotective oxidative stress response enzymes in the development of therapeutic and preventive agents for a number of diseases and conditions. However, most known Nrf2 activators/ARE inducers are indirect inhibitors of Keap1–Nrf2 PPI and they are electrophilic species that act by modifying the sulfhydryl groups of Keap1׳s cysteine residues. The electrophilicity of these indirect inhibitors may cause "off-target" side effects by reacting with cysteine residues of other important cellular proteins. Efforts have recently been focused on the development of direct inhibitors of Keap1–Nrf2 PPI. This article reviews these recent research efforts including the development of high throughput screening assays, the discovery of peptide and small molecule direct inhibitors, and the biophysical characterization of the binding of these inhibitors to the target Keap1 Kelch domain protein. These non-covalent direct inhibitors of Keap1–Nrf2 PPI could potentially be developed into effective therapeutic or preventive agents for a variety of diseases and conditions.
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Key Words
- 1O2, singlet oxygen
- AD, Alzheimer׳s disease
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- BTB, broad complex, tramtrack and bric-a-brac
- Bach1, BTB and CNC homology 1
- CBP, cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein
- CDDO-Me, bardoxolone methyl
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CTR, C-terminal region
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DGR, double glycine repeats
- Direct inhibitors of protein–protein interaction
- FITC, flurescein isothiocyanate
- FP, fluorescence polarization
- GCL, glutamate-cysteine ligase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HO-1, heme-oxygenase-1
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- High throughput screening assays
- IBS, inflammatory bowel disease
- IVR, intervening region
- Keap1
- Keap1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- MD, molecular dynamics
- NMR, .
- NO, nitric oxide
- NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase I
- NTR, N-terminal region
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
- Oxidative stress
- PD, Parkinson׳s disease
- PPI, protein–protein interaction
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Structure–activity relationships
- THIQ, tetrahydroisoquinoline
- TRX, thioredoxin
- X-ray crystallography
- [Formula: see text], peroxynitrate
- [Formula: see text], superoxide, OH·, hydroxyl radical
- vitamin C, ascorbate
- vitamin E, tocopherols
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Tomasovic A, Kurrle N, Sürün D, Heidler J, Husnjak K, Poser I, Schnütgen F, Scheibe S, Seimetz M, Jaksch P, Hyman A, Weissmann N, von Melchner H. Sestrin 2 protein regulates platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgfrβ) expression by modulating proteasomal and Nrf2 transcription factor functions. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9738-52. [PMID: 25716320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified the antioxidant protein Sestrin 2 (Sesn2) as a suppressor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgfrβ) signaling and Pdgfrβ signaling as an inducer of lung regeneration and injury repair. Here, we identified Sesn2 and the antioxidant gene inducer nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as positive regulators of proteasomal function. Inactivation of Sesn2 or Nrf2 induced reactive oxygen species-mediated proteasomal inhibition and Pdgfrβ accumulation. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic HeLa and mouse embryonic stem cells stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged Sesn2 at nearly endogenous levels, we also showed that Sesn2 physically interacts with 2-Cys peroxiredoxins and Nrf2 albeit under different reductive conditions. Overall, we characterized a novel, redox-sensitive Sesn2/Pdgfrβ suppressor pathway that negatively interferes with lung regeneration and is up-regulated in the emphysematous lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tomasovic
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Duran Sürün
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Koraljka Husnjak
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ina Poser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susan Scheibe
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Michael Seimetz
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anthony Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), 35392 Giessen, Germany, and
| | - Harald von Melchner
- From the Department of Molecular Hematology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
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Yi YW, Oh S. Comparative analysis of NRF2-responsive gene expression in AcPC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line. Genes Genomics 2014; 37:97-109. [PMID: 25540678 PMCID: PMC4269820 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NRF2 is a nuclear transcription factor activated in response to oxidative stress and related with metabolizing of xenotoxic materials and ABC transporter mediated drug resistance. We studied the expression of mRNAs under the siRNA-mediated knockdown of NRF2 and tBHQ-treated condition in AsPC-1 metastatic pancreatic cancer cell line to understand the AsPC-1 specific role(s) of NRF2 and further to investigate the relationship between drug resistance and metastatic plasticity and mobility of AsPc1. Here we show that the genes of aldo–keto reductases, cytochrome P450 family, aldehyde dehydrogenase, thioredoxin reductase, ABC transporter and epoxide hydrolase responsible for drug metabolism or oxidative stress concisely responded to NRF2 stabilization and knockdown of NRF2. In addition the expression of PIR, a candidate of oncogene and KISS1, a suppressor of metastasis were affected by NRF2 stabilization and knockdown. Our result provide comprehensive understanding of NRF2 target genes of drug response, oxidative stress response and metastasis in AsPc-1 metastatic pancreatic cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Graduate School, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Oh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714 Republic of Korea
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Elremaly W, Mohamed I, Mialet-Marty T, Rouleau T, Lavoie JC. Ascorbylperoxide from parenteral nutrition induces an increase of redox potential of glutathione and loss of alveoli in newborn guinea pig lungs. Redox Biol 2014; 2:725-31. [PMID: 25009773 PMCID: PMC4085348 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the main complications associated with extreme prematurity. Oxidative stress is suspected to be a trigger event of this lung disease, which is characterized by impaired alveolar development. Peroxides, mainly ascorbylperoxide and H2O2, are known contaminant of parenteral nutrition. We hypothesize that these oxidant molecules induce bronchopulmonary dysplasia development. The aim was to determine if the infusion of ascorbylperoxide, whether in presence or absence of H2O2, is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and loss of alveoli in the lungs of newborn guinea pigs. Method Three-day-old guinea pigs received parenteral solutions containing 0, 20, 60 or 180 µM ascorbylperoxide in the presence or not of 350 µM H2O2 (concentrations similar to those measured in parenteral nutrition). After 4 days, the lungs were collected for determination of glutathione's redox potential, caspase-3 activation (an apoptosis marker), alveolarization index (by histology), activation of Nrf2 and NF?B (biological markers of oxidative stress), and IL-6 and PGJ2 levels (markers of NF?B activation). Groups were compared by ANOVA, p < 0.05. Results Loss of alveoli was associated with ascorbylperoxide in a dose-dependent manner, without an influence of H2O2. The dose-dependent activation of caspase-3 by ascorbylperoxide was lower in the presence of H2O2. Ascorbylperoxide induced an increase of redox potential in a dose-dependent manner, which reached a plateau in presence of H2O2. Nrf2 and NF?B were activated by H2O2 but not by ascorbylperoxide. Conclusion Results suggest that ascorbylperoxide, generated in parenteral nutrition, is involved in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, independently of the increase of the redox potential. This study underlines the importance of developing a safer formulation of parenteral nutrition. Oxidative stress is suspected to induce bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We investigate the role of ascorbylperoxide contaminating parenteral nutrition. This molecule induces oxidation of redox potential, apoptosis and loss of alveoli. The alveolar loss is independent of the redox potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Elremaly
- Departments of Pediatrics and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Departments of Pediatrics and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Tiphaine Mialet-Marty
- Departments of Pediatrics and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Thérèse Rouleau
- Departments of Pediatrics and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Departments of Pediatrics and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1C5
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Vucic EA, Chari R, Thu KL, Wilson IM, Cotton AM, Kennett JY, Zhang M, Lonergan KM, Steiling K, Brown CJ, McWilliams A, Ohtani K, Lenburg ME, Sin DD, Spira A, MacAulay CE, Lam S, Lam WL. DNA methylation is globally disrupted and associated with expression changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease small airways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:912-22. [PMID: 24298892 PMCID: PMC4068945 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0304oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is highly disrupted in response to cigarette smoke and involved in a wide spectrum of malignant and nonmalignant diseases, but surprisingly not previously assessed in small airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Small airways are the primary sites of airflow obstruction in COPD. We sought to determine whether DNA methylation patterns are disrupted in small airway epithelia of patients with COPD, and evaluate whether changes in gene expression are associated with these disruptions. Genome-wide methylation and gene expression analysis were performed on small airway epithelial DNA and RNA obtained from the same patient during bronchoscopy, using Illumina's Infinium HM27 and Affymetrix's Genechip Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays. To control for known effects of cigarette smoking on DNA methylation, methylation and gene expression profiles were compared between former smokers with and without COPD matched for age, pack-years, and years of smoking cessation. Our results indicate that aberrant DNA methylation is (1) a genome-wide phenomenon in small airways of patients with COPD, and (2) associated with altered expression of genes and pathways important to COPD, such as the NF-E2-related factor 2 oxidative response pathway. DNA methylation is likely an important mechanism contributing to modulation of genes important to COPD pathology. Because these methylation events may underlie disease-specific gene expression changes, their characterization is a critical first step toward the development of epigenetic markers and an opportunity for developing novel epigenetic therapeutic interventions for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Vucic
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raj Chari
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelsie L. Thu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian M. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allison M. Cotton
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Y. Kennett
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - May Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim M. Lonergan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katrina Steiling
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Carolyn J. Brown
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Annette McWilliams
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Keishi Ohtani
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marc E. Lenburg
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Don D. Sin
- University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Centre and the Institute of Heart and Lung Health, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Avrum Spira
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Calum E. MacAulay
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wan L. Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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45
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Intraflagellar transport gene expression associated with short cilia in smoking and COPD. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85453. [PMID: 24465567 PMCID: PMC3896362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking and COPD are associated with decreased mucociliary clearance, and healthy smokers have shorter cilia in the large airway than nonsmokers. We hypothesized that changes in cilia length are consistent throughout the airway, and we further hypothesized that smokers with COPD have shorter cilia than healthy smokers. Because intraflagellar transport (IFT) is the process by which cilia of normal length are produced and maintained, and alterations in IFT lead to short cilia in model organisms, we also hypothesized that smoking induces changes in the expression of IFT-related genes in the airway epithelium of smokers and smokers with COPD. To assess these hypotheses, airway epithelium was obtained via bronchoscopic brushing. Cilia length was assessed by measuring 100 cilia (10 cilia on each of 10 cells) per subject and Affymetrix microarrays were used to evaluate IFT gene expression in nonsmokers and healthy smokers in 2 independent data sets from large and small airway as well as in COPD smokers in a data set from the small airway. In the large and small airway epithelium, cilia were significantly shorter in healthy smokers than nonsmokers, and significantly shorter in COPD smokers than in both healthy smokers and nonsmokers. The gene expression data confirmed that a set of 8 IFT genes were down-regulated in smokers in both data sets; however, no differences were seen in COPD smokers compared to healthy smokers. These results support the concept that loss of cilia length contributes to defective mucociliary clearance in COPD, and that smoking-induced changes in expression of IFT genes may be one mechanism of abnormally short cilia in smokers. Strategies to normalize cilia length may be an important avenue for novel COPD therapies.
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Brzóska K, Stępkowski TM, Kruszewski M. Basal PIR expression in HeLa cells is driven by NRF2 via evolutionary conserved antioxidant response element. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 389:99-111. [PMID: 24390086 PMCID: PMC3950616 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pirin, a product of the PIR gene, is an iron-binding protein acting as a transcriptional coregulator implicated in the regulation of the NF-κB-related transcription via interaction with RelA (p65), as well as BCL3 and NF-κB1 (p50) proteins. Alterations in pirin expression were observed in various tumors and under oxidative stress conditions. The aim of the present work was to analyze the regulation of the transcription of the human PIR gene. Using constructs containing a different sized PIR promoter and the luciferase reporter genes we found that in HeLa cells PIR transcription is mostly dependent on a highly conserved antioxidant response element located 281 bp downstream of the transcription start site. We have proved that the NRF2 transcription factor binds to this element in vivo and drives the basal PIR expression. We hypothesize that regulation of the PIR expression may constitute a mechanism by which NRF2 is able to modulate the activity of NF-κB and possibly other signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Brzóska
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland,
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47
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Zhang L, Huang M, Blair IA, Penning TM. Interception of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione by UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in human lung cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1570-8. [PMID: 24047243 PMCID: PMC3829198 DOI: 10.1021/tx400268q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental and tobacco
carcinogens. Proximate carcinogenic PAH trans-dihydrodiols
are activated by human aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) to yield electrophilic
and redox-active o-quinones. Interconversion among
benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-7,8-dione,
a representative PAH o-quinone, and its corresponding
catechol generates a futile redox-cycle with the concomitant production
of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated whether glucuronidation
of B[a]P-7,8-catechol by human UDP glucuronosyltransferases
(UGTs) could intercept the catechol in three different human lung
cells. RT-PCR showed that UGT1A1, 1A3, and 2B7 were only expressed
in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The corresponding recombinant
UGTs were examined for their kinetic constants and product profile
using B[a]P-7,8-catechol as a substrate. B[a]P-7,8-dione was reduced to B[a]P-7,8-catechol
by dithiothreitol under anaerobic conditions and then further glucuronidated
by the UGTs in the presence of uridine-5′-diphosphoglucuronic
acid as a glucuronic acid group donor. UGT1A1 catalyzed the glucuronidation
of B[a]P-7,8-catechol and generated two isomeric O-monoglucuronsyl-B[a]P-7,8-catechol products
that were identified by RP-HPLC and by LC-MS/MS. By contrast, UGT1A3
and 2B7 catalyzed the formation of only one monoglucuronide, which
was identical to that formed in A549 cells. The kinetic profiles of
three UGTs followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics. On the basis
of the expression levels of UGT1A3 and UGT2B7 and the observation
that a single monoglucuronide was produced in A549 cells, we suggest
that the major UGT isoforms in A549 cells that can intercept B[a]P-7,8-catechol are UGT1A3 and 2B7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and ‡Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, United States
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Thai P, Statt S, Chen CH, Liang E, Campbell C, Wu R. Characterization of a novel long noncoding RNA, SCAL1, induced by cigarette smoke and elevated in lung cancer cell lines. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:204-11. [PMID: 23672216 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0159rc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of lung diseases and cancer caused by cigarette smoke is increasing. The molecular mechanisms of gene regulation induced by cigarette smoke that ultimately lead to cancer remain unclear. This report describes a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that is induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) both in vitro and in vivo and is elevated in numerous lung cancer cell lines. We have termed this lncRNA the smoke and cancer-associated lncRNA-1 (SCAL1). This lncRNA is located in chromosome 5, and initial sequencing analysis reveals a transcript with four exons and three introns. The expression of SCAL1 is regulated transcriptionally by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2), as determined by the small, interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of NRF2 and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). A nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (NF-E2) motif was identified in the promoter region that shows binding to NRF2 after its activation. Functionally, the siRNA knockdown of SCAL1 in human bronchial epithelial cells shows a significant potentiation of cytotoxicity induced by CSE in vitro. Altogether, these results identify a novel and intriguing new noncoding RNA that may act downstream of NRF2 to regulate gene expression and mediate oxidative stress protection in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Thai
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Science Facility, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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49
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Harvey BG, Strulovici-Barel Y, Vincent TL, Mezey JG, Raviram R, Gordon C, Salit J, Tilley AE, Chung A, Sanders A, Crystal RG. High correlation of the response of upper and lower lobe small airway epithelium to smoking. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72669. [PMID: 24039793 PMCID: PMC3767732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of lung disease induced by inhaled cigarette smoke is complex, depending on many factors. With the knowledge that the small airway epithelium (SAE) is the earliest site of smoking-induced lung disease, and that the SAE gene expression is likely sensitive to inhaled cigarette smoke, we compared upper vs. lower lobe gene expression in the SAE within the same cigarette smokers to determine if the gene expression patterns were similar or different. Active smokers (n = 11) with early evidence of smoking-induced lung disease (normal spirometry but low diffusing capacity) underwent bronchoscopy and brushing of the upper and lower lobe SAE in order to compare upper vs lower lobe genome-wide and smoking-responsive gene expression by microarray. Cluster and principal component analysis demonstrated that, for each individual, the expression of the known SAE smoking-responsive genes were highly correlated in upper and lower lobe pairs, although, as expected, there were differences in the smoking-induced changes in gene expression from individual to individual. These observations support the concept that the heterogeneity observed among smokers in the anatomic distribution of smoking-induced disease are not secondary to the topographic differences in the effects of cigarette smoke on the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Gary Harvey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yael Strulovici-Barel
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Vincent
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason G. Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ramya Raviram
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Gordon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Salit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ann E. Tilley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Augustine Chung
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Abraham Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ronald G. Crystal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Shaykhiev R, Zuo WL, Chao I, Fukui T, Witover B, Brekman A, Crystal RG. EGF shifts human airway basal cell fate toward a smoking-associated airway epithelial phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12102-7. [PMID: 23818594 PMCID: PMC3718120 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303058110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium of smokers acquires pathological phenotypes, including basal cell (BC) and/or goblet cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, structural and functional abnormalities of ciliated cells, decreased number of secretoglobin (SCGB1A1)-expressing secretory cells, and a disordered junctional barrier. In this study, we hypothesized that smoking alters airway epithelial structure through modification of BC function via an EGF receptor (EGFR)-mediated mechanism. Analysis of the airway epithelium revealed that EGFR is enriched in airway BCs, whereas its ligand EGF is induced by smoking in ciliated cells. Exposure of BCs to EGF shifted the BC differentiation program toward the squamous and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenotypes with down-regulation of genes related to ciliogenesis, secretory differentiation, and markedly reduced junctional barrier integrity, mimicking the abnormalities present in the airways of smokers in vivo. These data suggest that activation of EGFR in airway BCs by smoking-induced EGF represents a unique mechanism whereby smoking can alter airway epithelial differentiation and barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - IonWa Chao
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Tomoya Fukui
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Bradley Witover
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Angelika Brekman
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ronald G. Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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