1
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Smith T, Knudsen KJ, Ritchie SA. A novel inducible animal model for studying chronic plasmalogen deficiency associated with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1843:149132. [PMID: 39053687 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Plasmalogens are vinyl-ether glycerophospholipids critical for the structure and function of neuronal membranes. Deficient plasmalogen levels are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has led to the hypothesis that plasmalogen deficiency might drive disease onset and progression. However, the lack of a suitable animal model with late-onset plasmalogen deficiency has prevented testing of this hypothesis. The goal of this project was therefore to develop and characterize a mouse model capable of undergoing a plasmalogen deficiency only in adulthood, mirroring the chronic decline thought to occur in AD. We report here the creation of a novel animal model containing a tamoxifen-inducible knockout of the Gnpat gene encoding the first step in the plasmalogen biosynthetic pathway. Tamoxifen treatment in adult animals resulted in a significant reduction of plasmalogens in both the circulation and tissues as early as four weeks. By four months, changes in behavior and nerve function were observed, with strong correlations between residual brain plasmalogen levels, hyperactivity, and latency. The model will be useful for further elucidating the role of plasmalogens in AD and evaluating plasmalogen therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Smith
- Med-Life Discoveries LP, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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2
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Hussain M, Khan I, Chaudhary MN, Ali K, Mushtaq A, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Zou X. Phosphatidylserine: A comprehensive overview of synthesis, metabolism, and nutrition. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 264:105422. [PMID: 39097133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdS) is classified as a glycerophospholipid and a primary anionic phospholipid and is particularly abundant in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in neural tissues. It is synthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by exchanging the base head group with serine, and this reaction is catalyzed by PtdS synthase-1 and PtdS synthase-2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum. PtdS exposure on the outside surface of the cell is essential for eliminating apoptotic cells and initiating the blood clotting cascade. It is also a precursor of phosphatidylethanolamine, produced by PtdS decarboxylase in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. Furthermore, PtdS acts as a cofactor for several necessary enzymes that participate in signaling pathways. Beyond these functions, several studies indicate that PtdS plays a role in various cerebral functions, including activating membrane signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and synaptic refinement associated with the central nervous system (CNS). This review discusses the occurrence of PtdS in nature and biosynthesis via enzymes and genes in plants, yeast, prokaryotes, mammalian cells, and the brain, and enzymatic synthesis through phospholipase D (PLD). Furthermore, we discuss metabolism, its role in the CNS, the fortification of foods, and supplementation for improving some memory functions, the results of which remain unclear. PtdS can be a potentially beneficial addition to foods for kids, seniors, athletes, and others, especially with the rising consumer trend favoring functional foods over conventional pills and capsules. Clinical studies have shown that PtdS is safe and well tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Muneeba Naseer Chaudhary
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City/College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Khubaib Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Anam Mushtaq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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3
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Maffioli E, Nonnis S, Negri A, Fontana M, Frabetti F, Rossi AR, Tedeschi G, Toni M. Environmental Temperature Variation Affects Brain Lipid Composition in Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9629. [PMID: 39273578 PMCID: PMC11394874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delves deeper into the impact of environmental temperature variations on the nervous system in teleost fish. Previous research has demonstrated that exposing adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 18 °C and 34 °C for 4 or 21 days induces behavioural changes compared to fish kept at a control temperature of 26 °C, suggesting alterations in the nervous system. Subsequent studies revealed that these temperature conditions also modify brain protein expression, indicating potential neurotoxic effects. The primary aim of this work was to investigate the effects of prolonged exposure (21 days) to 18 °C or 34 °C on the brain lipidomes of adult zebrafish compared to a control temperature. Analysis of the brain lipidome highlighted significant alteration in the relative abundances of specific lipid molecules at 18 °C and 34 °C, confirming distinct effects induced by both tested temperatures. Exposure to 18 °C resulted in an increase in levels of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine, alongside a general reduction in levels of sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin. Conversely, exposure to 34 °C produced more pronounced effects, with increases in levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and those of various sphingolipids such as ceramide, gangliosides, and sphingomyelin, alongside a reduction in levels of ether phospholipids, including lysophosphatidylethanolamine ether, phosphatidylethanolamine ether, and phosphatidylglycerol ether, as well as levels of glycolipids like monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. These results, when integrated with existing proteomic and behavioural data, offer new insights into the effects of thermal variations on the nervous system in teleost fish. Specifically, our proteomic and lipidomic findings suggest that elevated temperatures may disrupt mitochondrial function, increase neuronal susceptibility to oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, alter axonal myelination, impair nerve impulse transmission, hinder synapse function and neurotransmitter release, and potentially lead to increased neuronal death. These findings are particularly relevant in the fields of cell biology, neurobiology, and ecotoxicology, especially in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- CRC "Innovation for Well-Being and Environment" (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Armando Negri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Manuela Fontana
- Unitech OMICs, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Frabetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- CRC "Innovation for Well-Being and Environment" (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Toni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Smith ME, Bazinet RP. Unraveling brain palmitic acid: Origin, levels and metabolic fate. Prog Lipid Res 2024:101300. [PMID: 39222711 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In the human brain, palmitic acid (16:0; PAM) comprises nearly half of total brain saturates and has been identified as the third most abundant fatty acid overall. Brain PAM supports the structure of membrane phospholipids, provides energy, and regulates protein stability. Sources underlying the origin of brain PAM are both diet and endogenous synthesis via de novo lipogenesis (DNL), primarily from glucose. However, studies investigating the origin of brain PAM are limited to tracer studies utilizing labelled (14C/11C/3H/2H) PAM, and results vary based on the model and tracer used. Nevertheless, there is evidence PAM is synthesized locally in the brain, in addition to obtained directly from the diet. Herein, we provide an overview of brain PAM origin, entry to the brain, metabolic fate, and factors influencing brain PAM kinetics and levels, the latter in the context of age, as well as neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, we briefly summarize the role of PAM in signaling at the level of the brain. We add to the literature a rudimentary summary on brain PAM metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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5
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Simard M, Mélançon K, Berthiaume L, Tremblay C, Pshevorskiy L, Julien P, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F. Postmortem Fatty Acid Abnormalities in the Cerebellum of Patients with Essential Tremor. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01736-4. [PMID: 39215908 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids play many critical roles in brain function but have not been investigated in essential tremor (ET), a frequent movement disorder suspected to involve cerebellar dysfunction. Here, we report a postmortem comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles by gas chromatography in the cerebellar cortex from ET patients (n = 15), Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (n = 15) and Controls (n = 17). Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)/ phosphatidylserine (PS) were separated by thin-layer chromatography and analyzed separately. First, the total amounts of fatty acids retrieved from the cerebellar cortex were lower in ET patients compared with PD patients, including monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The diagnosis of ET was associated with lower cerebellar levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and PUFA (DHA and ARA) in the PE fraction specifically, but with a higher relative content of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3 ω-6) in the PC fraction. In contrast, a diagnosis of PD was associated with higher absolute concentrations of SFA, MUFA and ω-6 PUFA in the PI + PS fractions. However, relative PI + PS contents of ω-6 PUFA were lower in both PD and ET patients. Finally, linear regression analyses showed that the ω-3:ω-6 PUFA ratio was positively associated with age of death, but inversely associated with insoluble α-synuclein. Although it remains unclear how these FA changes in the cerebellum are implicated in ET or PD pathophysiology, they may be related to an ongoing neurodegenerative process or to dietary intake differences. The present findings provide a window of opportunity for lipid-based therapeutic nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Koralie Mélançon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Line Berthiaume
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Laura Pshevorskiy
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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6
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Atella TC, Medina JM, Atella GC, Allodi S, Kluck GEG. Neuroprotective Effects of Metformin Through AMPK Activation in a Neurotoxin-Based Model of Cerebellar Ataxia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5102-5116. [PMID: 38165584 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a heterogeneous group of neural disorders clinically characterized by cerebellar dysfunction. The diagnosis of patients with progressive cerebellar ataxia is complex due to the direct correlation with other neuron diseases. Although there is still no cure for this pathological condition, some metabolic, hereditary, inflammatory, and immunological factors affecting cerebellar ataxia are being studied and may become therapeutic targets. Advances in studying the neuroanatomy, pathophysiology, and molecular biology of the cerebellum (CE) contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the development of this disorder. In this study, Wistar rats aged 30 to 35 days were injected intraperitoneally with 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) and/or metformin (for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) enzyme activation) and euthanized in 24 hours and 4 days after injection. We analyzed the neuromodulatory role of the AMPK on cerebellar ataxia induced by the neurotoxin 3-AP in the brain stem (BS) and CE, after pre-treatment for 7 and 15 days with metformin, a pharmacological indirect activator of AMPK. The results shown here suggest that AMPK activation in the BS and CE leads to a significant reduction in neuroinflammation in these regions. AMPK was able to restore the changes in fatty acid composition and pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by 3-AP, suggesting that the action of AMPK seems to result in a possible neuroprotection on the cerebellar ataxia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá C Atella
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge M Medina
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvana Allodi
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - George E G Kluck
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton General Hospital Campus, 237 Barton St E, Hamilton, Ontario, L8L 2X2, Canada.
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7
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Ruiz M, Devkota R, Bergh PO, Nik AM, Blid Sköldheden S, Mondejar-Duran J, Tufvesson-Alm M, Bohlooly-Y M, Sanchez D, Carlsson P, Henricsson M, Jerlhag E, Borén J, Pilon M. Aging AdipoR2-deficient mice are hyperactive with enlarged brains excessively rich in saturated fatty acids. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23815. [PMID: 38989587 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400293rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
To investigate how the fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids influences brain-specific processes, we leveraged the AdipoR2 (adiponectin receptor 2) knockout mouse model in which the brain is enlarged, and cellular membranes are excessively rich in saturated fatty acids. Lipidomics analysis of brains at 2, 7, and 18 months of age showed that phosphatidylcholines, which make up about two-thirds of all cerebrum membrane lipids, contain a gross excess of saturated fatty acids in AdipoR2 knockout mice, and that this is mostly attributed to an excess palmitic acid (C16:0) at the expense of oleic acid (C18:1), consistent with a defect in fatty acid desaturation and elongation in the mutant. Specifically, there was a ~12% increase in the overall saturated fatty acid content within phosphatidylcholines and a ~30% increase in phosphatidylcholines containing two palmitic acids. Phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, ceramides, lactosylceramides, and dihydroceramides also showed an excess of saturated fatty acids in the AdipoR2 knockout mice while nervonic acid (C24:1) was enriched at the expense of shorter saturated fatty acids in glyceroceramides. Similar defects were found in the cerebellum and myelin sheaths. Histology showed that cell density is lower in the cerebrum of AdipoR2 knockout mice, but electron microscopy did not detect reproducible defects in the ultrastructure of cerebrum neurons, though proteomics analysis showed an enrichment of electron transport chain proteins in the cerebellum. Behavioral tests showed that older (33 weeks old) AdipoR2 knockout mice are hyperactive and anxious compared to control mice of a similar age. Also, in contrast to control mice, the AdipoR2 knockout mice do not gain weight in old age but do have normal lifespans. We conclude that an excess fatty acid saturation in brain phospholipids is accompanied by hyperactivity but seems otherwise well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ranjan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Bergh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Moussavi Nik
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Blid Sköldheden
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jorge Mondejar-Duran
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular, Excellence Unit, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maximilian Tufvesson-Alm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular, Excellence Unit, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Peter Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Pilon
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Barbuti PA, Guardia-Laguarta C, Yun T, Chatila ZK, Flowers X, Santos BFR, Larsen SB, Hattori N, Bradshaw E, Dettmer U, Fanning S, Vilas M, Reddy H, Teich AF, Krüger R, Area-Gomez E, Przedborski S. The Role of Alpha-Synuclein in Synucleinopathy: Impact on Lipid Regulation at Mitochondria-ER Membranes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599406. [PMID: 38948777 PMCID: PMC11212931 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The protein alpha-synuclein (αSyn) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathy, which includes Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy, and mounting evidence suggests that lipid dyshomeostasis is a critical phenotype in these neurodegenerative conditions. Previously, we identified that αSyn localizes to mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), temporary functional domains containing proteins that regulate lipid metabolism, including the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the present study, we have analyzed the lipid composition of postmortem human samples, focusing on the substantia nigra pars compacta of Parkinson's disease and controls, as well as three less affected brain regions of Parkinson's donors. To further assess synucleinopathy-related lipidome alterations, similar analyses were performed on the striatum of multiple system atrophy cases. Our data show region-and disease-specific changes in the levels of lipid species. Specifically, our data revealed alterations in the levels of specific phosphatidylserine species in brain areas most affected in Parkinson's disease. Some of these alterations, albeit to a lesser degree, are also observed multiples system atrophy. Using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, we show that αSyn contributes to regulating phosphatidylserine metabolism at MAM domains, and that αSyn dosage parallels the perturbation in phosphatidylserine levels. Our results support the notion that αSyn pathophysiology is linked to the dysregulation of lipid homeostasis, which may contribute to the vulnerability of specific brain regions in synucleinopathy. These findings have significant therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Barbuti
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Luxembourg
| | - Cristina Guardia-Laguarta
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Taekyung Yun
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Biological Research (CIB), - Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Zena K. Chatila
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xena Flowers
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bruno FR. Santos
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Luxembourg
- Disease Modelling and Screening Platform, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Luxembourg RRID:SCR_025237
| | - Simone B. Larsen
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Elizabeth Bradshaw
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Saranna Fanning
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Manon Vilas
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hasini Reddy
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew F. Teich
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Luxembourg
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Biological Research (CIB), - Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Serge Przedborski
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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9
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Wu Y, Wang J, Deng Y, Angelov B, Fujino T, Hossain MS, Angelova A. Lipid and Transcriptional Regulation in a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model by Intranasal Vesicular and Hexosomal Plasmalogen-Based Nanomedicines. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304588. [PMID: 38386974 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Plasmalogens (vinyl-ether phospholipids) are an emergent class of lipid drugs against various diseases involving neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered lipid metabolism. They can activate neurotrophic and neuroprotective signaling pathways but low bioavailabilities limit their efficiency in curing neurodegeneration. Here, liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are created for the protection and non-invasive intranasal delivery of purified scallop-derived plasmalogens. The in vivo results with a transgenic mouse Parkinson's disease (PD) model (characterized by motor impairments and α-synuclein deposition) demonstrate the crucial importance of LNP composition, which determines the self-assembled nanostructure type. Vesicle and hexosome nanostructures (characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering) display different efficacy of the nanomedicine-mediated recovery of motor function, lipid balance, and transcriptional regulation (e.g., reduced neuro-inflammation and PD pathogenic gene expression). Intranasal vesicular and hexosomal plasmalogen-based LNP treatment leads to improvement of the behavioral PD symptoms and downregulation of the Il6, Il33, and Tnfa genes. Moreover, RNA-sequencing and lipidomic analyses establish a dramatic effect of hexosomal nanomedicines on PD amelioration, lipid metabolism, and the type and number of responsive transcripts that may be implicated in neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 Av. des Sciences, Orsay, 91190, France
| | - Jieli Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1, Jinlian Road, Longwan District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Yuru Deng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1, Jinlian Road, Longwan District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Borislav Angelov
- Department of Structural Dynamics, Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Dolni Brezany, CZ-25241, Czech Republic
| | - Takehiko Fujino
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food, 2241-1 Kubara, Hisayama-cho, Kasuya-gun, Fukuoka, 811-2501, Japan
| | - Md Shamim Hossain
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food, 2241-1 Kubara, Hisayama-cho, Kasuya-gun, Fukuoka, 811-2501, Japan
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 Av. des Sciences, Orsay, 91190, France
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10
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Sedlák F, Kvasnička A, Marešová B, Brumarová R, Dobešová D, Dostálová K, Šrámková K, Pehr M, Šácha P, Friedecký D, Konvalinka J. Parallel Metabolomics and Lipidomics of a PSMA/GCPII Deficient Mouse Model Reveal Alteration of NAAG Levels and Brain Lipid Composition. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1342-1355. [PMID: 38377674 PMCID: PMC10995945 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII, also known as PSMA or FOLH1) is responsible for the cleavage of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) to N-acetyl-aspartate and glutamate in the central nervous system and facilitates the intestinal absorption of folate by processing dietary folyl-poly-γ-glutamate in the small intestine. The physiological function of GCPII in other organs like kidneys is still not known. GCPII inhibitors are neuroprotective in various conditions (e.g., ischemic brain injury) in vivo; however, their utilization as potential drug candidates has not been investigated in regard to not yet known GCPII activities. To explore the GCPII role and possible side effects of GCPII inhibitors, we performed parallel metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, plasma, and brain tissue of mice with varying degrees of GCPII deficiency (fully deficient in Folh1, -/-; one allele deficient in Folh1, +/-; and wild type, +/+). Multivariate analysis of metabolites showed no significant differences between wild-type and GCPII-deficient mice (except for NAAG), although changes were observed between the sex and age. NAAG levels were statistically significantly increased in the CSF, urine, and plasma of GCPII-deficient mice. However, no difference in NAAG concentrations was found in the whole brain lysate likely because GCPII, as an extracellular enzyme, can affect only extracellular and not intracellular NAAG concentrations. Regarding the lipidome, the most pronounced genotype-linked changes were found in the brain tissue. In brains of GCPII-deficient mice, we observed statistically significant enrichment in phosphatidylcholine-based lipids and reduction of sphingolipids and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens. We hypothesize that the alteration of the NAA-NAAG axis by absent GCPII activity affected myelin composition. In summary, the absence of GCPII and thus similarly its inhibition do not have detrimental effects on metabolism, with just minor changes in the brain lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Sedlák
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 166 10, Czechia
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2 110 01, Czechia
- First
Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Charles University General Hospital in Prague, Prague 110 01, Czechia
| | - Aleš Kvasnička
- Laboratory
for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Zdravotníku° 248/7, Olomouc 779 00, Czechia
| | - Barbora Marešová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 166 10, Czechia
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2 110 01, Czechia
| | - Radana Brumarová
- Laboratory
for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Zdravotníku° 248/7, Olomouc 779 00, Czechia
| | - Dana Dobešová
- Laboratory
for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Zdravotníku° 248/7, Olomouc 779 00, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Dostálová
- Laboratory
for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Zdravotníku° 248/7, Olomouc 779 00, Czechia
| | - Karolína Šrámková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 166 10, Czechia
| | - Martin Pehr
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 166 10, Czechia
- Third
Department of Medicine − Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
of the first Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in
Prague, Charles University, Prague 110 01, Czechia
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 166 10, Czechia
| | - David Friedecký
- Laboratory
for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Zdravotníku° 248/7, Olomouc 779 00, Czechia
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 166 10, Czechia
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Hlavova 8, Prague 128 00, Czechia
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11
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Fahad EH, Al-Windy S, El-Sherbeni SA, Negm WA, Batiha GES. The effects of cholesterol and statins on Parkinson's neuropathology: a narrative review. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:917-925. [PMID: 38499742 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain characterized by motor symptoms including tremors, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia. PD neuropathology is due to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of Lewy bodies in the survival neurons. The brain contains a largest amount of cholesterol which is mainly synthesized from astrocytes and glial cells. Cholesterol is intricate in the pathogenesis of PD and may be beneficial or deleterious. Therefore, there are controversial points concerning the role of cholesterol in PD neuropathology. In addition, cholesterol-lowering agents' statins can affect brain cholesterol. Different studies highlighted that statins, via inhibition of brain HMG-CoA, can affect neuronal integrity through suppression of neuronal cholesterol, which regulates synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, statins affect the development and progression of different neurodegenerative diseases in bidirectional ways that could be beneficial or detrimental. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to clarify the double-sward effects of cholesterol and statins on PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Esraa H Fahad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Salah Al-Windy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Suzy A El-Sherbeni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
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12
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Mondal S, Nandy A, Dande G, Prabhu K, Valmiki RR, Koner D, Banerjee S. Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Anionic Phospholipids Desorbed from Human Hippocampal Sections: Discrimination between Temporal and Nontemporal Lobe Epilepsies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:983-993. [PMID: 38355427 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common neurological disorders, often accompanied by hippocampal sclerosis. The molecular processes underlying this epileptogenesis are poorly understood. To examine the lipid profile, 39 fresh frozen sections of the human hippocampus obtained from epilepsy surgery for TLE (n = 14) and non-TLE (control group; n = 25) patients were subjected to desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging in the negative ion mode. In contrast to our earlier report that showed striking downregulation of positively charged phospholipids (e.g., phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, etc.) in the TLE hippocampus, this study finds complementary upregulation of negatively charged phospholipids, notably, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol. This result may point to an active metabolic pool in the TLE hippocampus that produces these anionic phospholipids at the expense of the cationic phospholipids. This metabolic shift could be due to the dysregulation of the Kennedy and CDP-DG pathways responsible for biosynthesizing these lipids. Thus, this study further opens up opportunities to investigate the molecular hallmarks and potential therapeutic targets for TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Abhijit Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Geetha Dande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Krishna Prabhu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
| | | | - Debasish Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | - Shibdas Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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13
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Díaz M, Fabelo N, Martín MV, Santos G, Ferrer I. Evidence for alterations in lipid profiles and biophysical properties of lipid rafts from spinal cord in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:391-402. [PMID: 38285093 PMCID: PMC10879240 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem whose etiopathogenesis remains unclear. Recent studies have linked major neurodegenerative diseases with altered function of multimolecular lipid-protein complexes named lipid rafts. In the present study, we have isolated lipid rafts from the anterior horn of the spinal cords of controls and ALS individuals and analysed their lipid composition. We found that ALS affects levels of different fatty acids, lipid classes and related ratios and indexes. The most significant changes affected the contents of n-9/n-7 monounsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid, the main n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), which were higher in ALS lipid rafts. Paralleling these findings, ALS lipid rafts lower saturates-to-unsaturates ratio compared to controls. Further, levels of cholesteryl ester (SE) and anionic-to-zwitterionic phospholipids ratio were augmented in ALS lipid rafts, while sulfatide contents were reduced. Further, regression analyses revealed augmented SE esterification to (mono)unsaturated fatty acids in ALS, but to saturates in controls. Overall, these changes indicate that lipid rafts from ALS spinal cord undergo destabilization of the lipid structure, which might impact their biophysical properties, likely leading to more fluid membranes. Indeed, estimations of membrane microviscosity confirmed less viscous membranes in ALS, as well as more mobile yet smaller lipid rafts compared to surrounding membranes. Overall, these results demonstrate that the changes in ALS lipid rafts are unrelated to oxidative stress, but to anomalies in lipid metabolism and/or lipid raft membrane biogenesis in motor neurons. KEY MESSAGES: The lipid matrix of multimolecular membrane complexes named lipid rafts are altered in human spinal cord in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Lipid rafts from ALS spinal cord contain higher levels of n-6 LCPUFA (but not n-3 LCPUFA), n-7/n-9 monounsaturates and lower saturates-to-unsaturates ratio. ALS lipid rafts display increased contents of cholesteryl esters, anomalous anionic-to-zwitterionic phospholipids and phospholipid remodelling and reduced sulphated and total sphingolipid levels, compared to control lipid rafts. Destabilization of the lipid structure of lipid raft affects their biophysical properties and leads to more fluid, less viscous membrane microdomains. The changes in ALS lipid rafts are unlikely related to increased oxidative stress, but to anomalies in lipid metabolism and/or raft membrane biogenesis in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Díaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias (IUNE), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Noemí Fabelo
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, School of Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Virginia Martín
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias (COC-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 38180, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Guido Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cellular Biology and Genetics. School of Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- University of Barcelona, 08907, Hospitalet de LLobregatBarcelona, Spain
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14
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Soni R, Mathur K, Shah J. An update on new-age potential biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102208. [PMID: 38296162 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that deals with dopaminergic deficiency in Substantia nigra pars compact (SNpc) region of the brain. Dopaminergic deficiency manifests into motor dysfunction. Alpha-synuclein protein aggregation is the source for inception of the pathology. Motor symptoms include rigidity, akinesia, tremor and gait dysfunction. Pre-motor symptoms are also seen in early stage of the disease; however, they are not distinguishable. Lack of early diagnosis in PD pathology poses a major challenge for development of disease modifying therapeutics. Substantial neuronal loss has already been occurred before the clinical manifestations appear and hence, it becomes impossible to halt the disease progression. Current diagnostics are majorly based on the clinical symptoms and thus fail to detect early progression of the disease. Thus, there is need for early diagnosis of PD, for detection of the disease at its inception. This will facilitate the effective use of therapies that halt the progression and will make remission possible. Many novel biomarkers are being developed that include blood-based biomarker, CSF biomarker. Other than that, there are non-invasive techniques that can detect biomarkers. We aim to discuss potential role of these new age biomarkers and their association with PD pathogenesis in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Kirti Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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15
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Fernández-Pérez L, Guerra B, Recio C, Cabrera-Galván JJ, García I, De La Rosa JV, Castrillo A, Iglesias-Gato D, Díaz M. Transcriptomic and lipid profiling analysis reveals a functional interplay between testosterone and growth hormone in hypothyroid liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1266150. [PMID: 38144555 PMCID: PMC10748415 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that hypothyroidism might cause hepatic endocrine and metabolic disturbances with features that mimic deficiencies of testosterone and/or GH. The absence of physiological interactions between testosterone and GH can be linked to male differentiated liver diseases. Testosterone plays relevant physiological effects on somatotropic-liver axis and liver composition and the liver is a primary organ of interactions between testosterone and GH. However, testosterone exerts many effects on liver through complex and poorly understood mechanisms. Testosterone impacts liver functions by binding to the Androgen Receptor, and, indirectly, through its conversion to estradiol, and cooperation with GH. However, the role of testosterone, and its interaction with GH, in the hypothyroid liver, remains unclear. In the present work, the effects of testosterone, and how they impact on GH-regulated whole transcriptome and lipid composition in the liver, were studied in the context of adult hypothyroid-orchiectomized rats. Testosterone replacement positively modulated somatotropic-liver axis and impacted liver transcriptome involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. In addition, testosterone enhanced the effects of GH on the transcriptome linked to lipid biosynthesis, oxidation-reduction, and metabolism of unsaturated and long-chain fatty acids (FA). However, testosterone decreased the hepatic content of cholesterol esters and triacylglycerols and increased fatty acids whereas GH increased neutral lipids and decreased polar lipids. Biological network analysis of the effects of testosterone on GH-regulated transcriptome confirmed a close connection with crucial proteins involved in steroid and fatty acid metabolism. Taken together, this comprehensive analysis of gene expression and lipid profiling in hypothyroid male liver reveals a functional interplay between testosterone and pulsed GH administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Unidad de Biomedicina del Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS) Asociada al Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Borja Guerra
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Unidad de Biomedicina del Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS) Asociada al Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carlota Recio
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan José Cabrera-Galván
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Irma García
- Departmento de Física Básica, Grupo de Fisiología y Biofísica de Membranas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Juan Vladimir De La Rosa
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Unidad de Biomedicina del Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS) Asociada al Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Iglesias-Gato
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Díaz
- Departmento de Física Básica, Grupo de Fisiología y Biofísica de Membranas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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16
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Meza U, Romero-Méndez C, Sánchez-Armáss S, Rodríguez-Menchaca AA. Role of rafts in neurological disorders. Neurologia 2023; 38:671-680. [PMID: 37858892 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rafts are protein-lipid structural nanodomains involved in efficient signal transduction and the modulation of physiological processes of the cell plasma membrane. Raft disruption in the nervous system has been associated with a wide range of disorders. DEVELOPMENT We review the concept of rafts, the nervous system processes in which they are involved, and their role in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease, and Huntington disease. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available evidence, preservation and/or reconstitution of rafts is a promising treatment strategy for a wide range of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Meza
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - C Romero-Méndez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - S Sánchez-Armáss
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - A A Rodríguez-Menchaca
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
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17
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Girych M, Kulig W, Enkavi G, Vattulainen I. How Neuromembrane Lipids Modulate Membrane Proteins: Insights from G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041419. [PMID: 37487628 PMCID: PMC10547395 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a diverse and critical role in cellular processes in all tissues. The unique lipid composition of nerve membranes is particularly interesting because it contains, among other things, polyunsaturated lipids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, which the body only gets through the diet. The crucial role of lipids in neurological processes, especially in receptor-mediated cell signaling, is emphasized by the fact that in many neuropathological diseases there are significant deviations in the lipid composition of nerve membranes compared to healthy individuals. The lipid composition of neuromembranes can significantly affect the function of receptors by regulating the physical properties of the membrane or by affecting specific interactions between receptors and lipids. In addition, it is worth noting that the ligand-binding pocket of many receptors is located inside the cell membrane, due to which lipids can even modulate the binding of ligands to their receptors. These mechanisms highlight the importance of lipids in the regulation of membrane receptor activation and function. In this article, we focus on two major protein families: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and discuss how lipids affect their function in neuronal membranes, elucidating the basic mechanisms underlying neuronal function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giray Enkavi
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Senkevich K, Beletskaia M, Dworkind A, Yu E, Ahmad J, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Spiegelman D, Fahn S, Waters C, Monchi O, Dauvilliers Y, Dupré N, Greenbaum L, Hassin-Baer S, Nagornov I, Tyurin A, Miliukhina I, Timofeeva A, Emelyanov A, Trempe JF, Zakharova E, Alcalay RN, Pchelina S, Gan-Or Z. Association of Rare Variants in ARSA with Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1806-1812. [PMID: 37381728 PMCID: PMC10615669 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lysosomal genes are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the association between PD and ARSA remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To study rare ARSA variants in PD. METHODS To study rare ARSA variants (minor allele frequency < 0.01) in PD, we performed burden analyses in six independent cohorts with 5801 PD patients and 20,475 controls, followed by a meta-analysis. RESULTS We found evidence for associations between functional ARSA variants and PD in four cohorts (P ≤ 0.05 in each) and in the meta-analysis (P = 0.042). We also found an association between loss-of-function variants and PD in the United Kingdom Biobank cohort (P = 0.005) and in the meta-analysis (P = 0.049). These results should be interpreted with caution as no association survived multiple comparisons correction. Additionally, we describe two families with potential co-segregation of ARSA p.E382K and PD. CONCLUSIONS Rare functional and loss-of-function ARSA variants may be associated with PD. Further replications in large case-control/familial cohorts are required. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Senkevich
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Mariia Beletskaia
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aliza Dworkind
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Ruskey
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Division of Neurosciences, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Movement Disorders Institute, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilya Nagornov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Tyurin
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alla Timofeeva
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Emelyanov
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | - Roy N. Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
- Division of Movement Disorders, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sofya Pchelina
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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19
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Obis E, Sol J, Andres-Benito P, Martín-Gari M, Mota-Martorell N, Galo-Licona JD, Piñol-Ripoll G, Portero-Otin M, Ferrer I, Jové M, Pamplona R. Lipidomic Alterations in the Cerebral Cortex and White Matter in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1887-1916. [PMID: 37196109 PMCID: PMC10529741 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted LC-MS/MS-based lipidomic analysis was conducted in post-mortem human grey matter frontal cortex area 8 (GM) and white matter of the frontal lobe centrum semi-ovale (WM) to identify lipidome fingerprints in middle-aged individuals with no neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, and cases at progressive stages of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Complementary data were obtained using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that WM presents an adaptive lipid phenotype resistant to lipid peroxidation, characterized by a lower fatty acid unsaturation, peroxidizability index, and higher ether lipid content than the GM. Changes in the lipidomic profile are more marked in the WM than in GM in AD with disease progression. Four functional categories are associated with the different lipid classes affected in sAD: membrane structural composition, bioenergetics, antioxidant protection, and bioactive lipids, with deleterious consequences affecting both neurons and glial cells favoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Obis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Sol
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
- Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Lleida, Spain, Research Support Unit (USR), Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAP JGol), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Pol Andres-Benito
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.
- Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), E-08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Martín-Gari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - José Daniel Galo-Licona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Clinical Neuroscience Research, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.
- Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), E-08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
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20
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Singh BP, Morris RJ, Kunath T, MacPhee CE, Horrocks MH. Lipid-induced polymorphic amyloid fibril formation by α-synuclein. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4736. [PMID: 37515406 PMCID: PMC10521247 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Many proteins that self-assemble into amyloid and amyloid-like fibers can adopt diverse polymorphic forms. These forms have been observed both in vitro and in vivo and can arise through variations in the steric-zipper interactions between β-sheets, variations in the arrangements between protofilaments, and differences in the number of protofilaments that make up a given fiber class. Different polymorphs arising from the same precursor molecule not only exhibit different levels of toxicity, but importantly can contribute to different disease conditions. However, the factors which contribute to formation of polymorphic forms of amyloid fibrils are not known. In this work, we show that in the presence of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine, a highly abundant lipid in the plasma membrane of neurons, the aggregation of α-synuclein is markedly accelerated and yields a diversity of polymorphic forms under identical experimental conditions. This morphological diversity includes thin and curly fibrils, helical ribbons, twisted ribbons, nanotubes, and flat sheets. Furthermore, the amyloid fibrils formed incorporate lipids into their structures, which corroborates the previous report of the presence of α-synuclein fibrils with high lipid content in Lewy bodies. Thus, the present study demonstrates that an interface, such as that provided by a lipid membrane, can not only modulate the kinetics of α-synuclein amyloid aggregation but also plays an important role in the formation of morphological variants by incorporating lipid molecules in the process of amyloid fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu P. Singh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Ryan J. Morris
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tilo Kunath
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Cait E. MacPhee
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Mathew H. Horrocks
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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21
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Rafiei S, Khodagholi F, Gholami Pourbadie H, Dargahi L, Motamedi F. Hepatic Acyl CoA Oxidase1 Inhibition Modifies Brain Lipids and Electrical Properties of Dentate Gyrus. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:663-674. [PMID: 38628834 PMCID: PMC11016873 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3500.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peroxisomes are essential organelles in lipid metabolism. They contain enzymes for β-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) that cannot be broken down in mitochondria. Reduced expression in hepatic acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), a peroxisome β-oxidation enzyme, followed by modification of the brain fatty acid profile has been observed in aged rodents. These studies have suggested a potential role for peroxisome β-oxidation in brain aging. This study was designed to examine the effect of hepatic ACOX1 inhibition on brain fatty acid composition and neuronal cell activities of young rats (200-250 g). Methods A specific ACOX1 inhibitor, 10, 12- tricosadiynoic acid (TDYA), 100 μg/kg (in olive oil) was administered by daily gavage for 25 days in male Wistar rats. The brain fatty acid composition and electrophysiological properties of dentate gyrus granule cells were determined using gas chromatography and whole-cell patch-clamp, respectively. Results A significant increase in C20, C22, C18:1, C20:1, and a decrease of C18, C24, C20:3n6, and C22:6n3 were found in 10, 12- tricosadiynoic acid (TDYA) treated rats compared to the control group. The results showed that ACOX1 inhibition changes fatty acid composition similar to old rats. ACOX1 inhibition caused hyperpolarization of resting membrane potential, and also reduction of input resistance, action potential duration, and spike firing. Moreover, ACOX1 inhibition increased rheobase current and afterhyperpolarization amplitude in granule cells. Conclusion The results indicated that systemic inhibition of ACOX1 causes hypo-excitability of neuronal cells. These results provide new evidence on the involvement of peroxisome function and hepatic ACOX1 activity in brain fatty acid profile and the electrophysiological properties of dentate gyrus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrbanoo Rafiei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Chaves-Filho AM, Braniff O, Angelova A, Deng Y, Tremblay MÈ. Chronic inflammation, neuroglial dysfunction, and plasmalogen deficiency as a new pathobiological hypothesis addressing the overlap between post-COVID-19 symptoms and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110702. [PMID: 37423295 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
After five waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, it has been recognized that a significant portion of the affected individuals developed long-term debilitating symptoms marked by chronic fatigue, cognitive difficulties ("brain fog"), post-exertional malaise, and autonomic dysfunction. The onset, progression, and clinical presentation of this condition, generically named post-COVID-19 syndrome, overlap significantly with another enigmatic condition, referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Several pathobiological mechanisms have been proposed for ME/CFS, including redox imbalance, systemic and central nervous system inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Chronic inflammation and glial pathological reactivity are common hallmarks of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders and have been consistently associated with reduced central and peripheral levels of plasmalogens, one of the major phospholipid components of cell membranes with several homeostatic functions. Of great interest, recent evidence revealed a significant reduction of plasmalogen contents, biosynthesis, and metabolism in ME/CFS and acute COVID-19, with a strong association to symptom severity and other relevant clinical outcomes. These bioactive lipids have increasingly attracted attention due to their reduced levels representing a common pathophysiological manifestation between several disorders associated with aging and chronic inflammation. However, alterations in plasmalogen levels or their lipidic metabolism have not yet been examined in individuals suffering from post-COVID-19 symptoms. Here, we proposed a pathobiological model for post-COVID-19 and ME/CFS based on their common inflammation and dysfunctional glial reactivity, and highlighted the emerging implications of plasmalogen deficiency in the underlying mechanisms. Along with the promising outcomes of plasmalogen replacement therapy (PRT) for various neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders, we sought to propose PRT as a simple, effective, and safe strategy for the potential relief of the debilitating symptoms associated with ME/CFS and post-COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Braniff
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - Yuru Deng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) and Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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23
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Mackei M, Sebők C, Vöröházi J, Tráj P, Mackei F, Oláh B, Fébel H, Neogrády Z, Mátis G. Detrimental consequences of tebuconazole on redox homeostasis and fatty acid profile of honeybee brain. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103990. [PMID: 37488035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of azole fungicides in agriculture poses a potential threat to honeybees and other pollinator insects; however, the detailed effects of these molecules remain largely unclear. Hence, in the present study it was aimed to investigate the acute sublethal effects of tebuconazole on the redox homeostasis and fatty acid composition in the brain of honeybees. Our findings demonstrate that tebuconazole decreased total antioxidant capacity, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione and disturbed the function of key antioxidant defense enzymes along with the induction of lipid peroxidation indicated by increased malondialdehyde levels, while it also altered the fatty acid profile of the brain. The present study highlights the negative impact of tebuconazole on honeybees and contributes to the understanding of potential consequences related to azole exposure on pollinator insects' health, such as the occurrence of colony collapse disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Sebők
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Vöröházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Tráj
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Oláh
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Fébel
- Nutrition Physiology Research Group, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gesztenyés Street 1, H-2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078, Hungary
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24
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Kaya I, Nilsson A, Luptáková D, He Y, Vallianatou T, Bjärterot P, Svenningsson P, Bezard E, Andrén PE. Spatial lipidomics reveals brain region-specific changes of sulfatides in an experimental MPTP Parkinson's disease primate model. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:118. [PMID: 37495571 PMCID: PMC10372136 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) to the neurotoxin MPP+ in the brain causes permanent Parkinson's disease-like symptoms by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra in humans and non-human primates. However, the complete molecular pathology underlying MPTP-induced parkinsonism remains poorly understood. We used dual polarity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to thoroughly image numerous glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in coronal brain tissue sections of MPTP-lesioned and control non-human primate brains (Macaca mulatta). The results revealed specific distributions of several sulfatide lipid molecules based on chain-length, number of double bonds, and importantly, hydroxylation stage. More specifically, certain long-chain hydroxylated sulfatides with polyunsaturated chains in the molecular structure were depleted within motor-related brain regions in the MPTP-lesioned animals, e.g., external and internal segments of globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. In contrast, certain long-chain non-hydroxylated sulfatides were found to be elevated within the same brain regions. These findings demonstrate region-specific dysregulation of sulfatide metabolism within the MPTP-lesioned macaque brain. The depletion of long-chain hydroxylated sulfatides in the MPTP-induced pathology indicates oxidative stress and oligodendrocyte/myelin damage within the pathologically relevant brain regions. Hence, the presented findings improve our current understanding of the molecular pathology of MPTP-induced parkinsonism within primate brains, and provide a basis for further research regarding the role of dysregulated sulfatide metabolism in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominika Luptáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yachao He
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodosia Vallianatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Bjärterot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bezard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Per E Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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Vuu YM, Kadar Shahib A, Rastegar M. The Potential Therapeutic Application of Simvastatin for Brain Complications and Mechanisms of Action. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:914. [PMID: 37513826 PMCID: PMC10385015 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are common drugs that are clinically used to reduce elevated plasma cholesterol levels. Based on their solubility, statins are considered to be either hydrophilic or lipophilic. Amongst them, simvastatin has the highest lipophilicity to facilitate its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Recent studies have suggested that simvastatin could be a promising therapeutic option for different brain complications and diseases ranging from brain tumors (i.e., medulloblastoma and glioblastoma) to neurological disorders (i.e., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease). Specific mechanisms of disease amelioration, however, are still unclear. Independent studies suggest that simvastatin may reduce the risk of developing certain neurodegenerative disorders. Meanwhile, other studies point towards inducing cell death in brain tumor cell lines. In this review, we outline the potential therapeutic effects of simvastatin on brain complications and review the clinically relevant molecular mechanisms in different cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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26
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Ortega Moreno L, Bagues A, Martínez V, Abalo R. New Pieces for an Old Puzzle: Approaching Parkinson's Disease from Translatable Animal Models, Gut Microbiota Modulation, and Lipidomics. Nutrients 2023; 15:2775. [PMID: 37375679 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by disabling motor alterations that are diagnosed at a relatively late stage in its development, and non-motor symptoms, including those affecting the gastrointestinal tract (mainly constipation), which start much earlier than the motor symptoms. Remarkably, current treatments only reduce motor symptoms, not without important drawbacks (relatively low efficiency and impactful side effects). Thus, new approaches are needed to halt PD progression and, possibly, to prevent its development, including new therapeutic strategies that target PD etiopathogeny and new biomarkers. Our aim was to review some of these new approaches. Although PD is complex and heterogeneous, compelling evidence suggests it might have a gastrointestinal origin, at least in a significant number of patients, and findings in recently developed animal models strongly support this hypothesis. Furthermore, the modulation of the gut microbiome, mainly through probiotics, is being tested to improve motor and non-motor symptoms and even to prevent PD. Finally, lipidomics has emerged as a useful tool to identify lipid biomarkers that may help analyze PD progression and treatment efficacy in a personalized manner, although, as of today, it has only scarcely been applied to monitor gut motility, dysbiosis, and probiotic effects in PD. Altogether, these new pieces should be helpful in solving the old puzzle of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ortega Moreno
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ana Bagues
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Pain and Analgesia of the Spanish Pain Society, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Cannabinoids of the Spanish Pain Society, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Rudge JD. The Lipid Invasion Model: Growing Evidence for This New Explanation of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221175. [PMID: 37302030 PMCID: PMC10357195 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Lipid Invasion Model (LIM) is a new hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) which argues that AD is a result of external lipid invasion to the brain, following damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The LIM provides a comprehensive explanation of the observed neuropathologies associated with the disease, including the lipid irregularities first described by Alois Alzheimer himself, and accounts for the wide range of risk factors now identified with AD, all of which are also associated with damage to the BBB. This article summarizes the main arguments of the LIM, and new evidence and arguments in support of it. The LIM incorporates and extends the amyloid hypothesis, the current main explanation of the disease, but argues that the greatest cause of late-onset AD is not amyloid-β (Aβ) but bad cholesterol and free fatty acids, let into the brain by a damaged BBB. It suggests that the focus on Aβ is the reason why we have made so little progress in treating the disease in the last 30 years. As well as offering new perspectives for further research into the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of AD, based on protecting and repairing the BBB, the LIM provides potential new insights into other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease.
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Wang X, Wang L, Luo M, Bu Q, Liu C, Jiang L, Xu R, Wang S, Zhang H, Zhang J, Wan X, Li H, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Dai Y, Li M, Wang H, Tian J, Zhao Y, Cen X. Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals clarithromycin-induced alteration of glycerophospholipid metabolism in the cerebral cortex of mice. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:771-793. [PMID: 34458952 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Clarithromycin (CLA) has been widely used in the treatment of bacterial infection. Research reveals the adverse effects on the central nervous system among patients receiving CLA treatment; whereas, a relevant underlying mechanism remains considerably unclear. According to our research, an integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis was applied to explore the effect of CLA on neurobehavior. CLA treatment caused anxiety-like behaviors dose-dependently during open field as well as elevated plus maze trials on mice. Transcriptomes and LC/MS-MS-based metabolomes were adopted for investigating how CLA affected lipidomic profiling as well as metabolic pathway of the cerebral cortex. CLA exposure greatly disturbed glycerophospholipid metabolism and the carbon chain length of fatty acids. By using whole transcriptome sequencing, we found that CLA significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of CEPT1 and CHPT1, two key enzymes involved in the synthesis of glycerophospholipids, supporting the findings from the lipidomic profiling. Also, CLA causes changes in neuronal morphology and function in vitro, which support the existing findings concerning neurobehavior in vivo. We speculate that altered glycerophospholipid metabolism may be involved in the neurobehavioral effect of CLA. Our findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms of CLA-induced adverse effects on the central nervous system. 1. Clarithromycin treatment caused anxiety-like behavior with dose-dependent response both in the open field and elevated plus maze test in mice; 2. Clarithromycin exposing predominately disturbed the metabolism of glycerophospholipids in the cerebral cortex of mice; 3. Clarithromycin application remarkably attenuated CEPT1 and CHPT1 gene expression, which participate in the last step in the synthesis of glycerophospholipids; 4. The altered glycerophospholipid metabolomics may be involved in the abnormal neurobehavior caused by clarithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyi Luo
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Bu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqi Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Jiang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoluo Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Wan
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchun Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghai Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Dai
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Ferecskó AS, Smallwood MJ, Moore A, Liddle C, Newcombe J, Holley J, Whatmore J, Gutowski NJ, Eggleton P. STING-Triggered CNS Inflammation in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051375. [PMID: 37239045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some neurodegenerative diseases have an element of neuroinflammation that is triggered by viral nucleic acids, resulting in the generation of type I interferons. In the cGAS-STING pathway, microbial and host-derived DNA bind and activate the DNA sensor cGAS, and the resulting cyclic dinucleotide, 2'3-cGAMP, binds to a critical adaptor protein, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which leads to activation of downstream pathway components. However, there is limited work demonstrating the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in human neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS Post-mortem CNS tissue from donors with multiple sclerosis (n = 4), Alzheimer's disease (n = 6), Parkinson's disease (n = 3), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 3) and non-neurodegenerative controls (n = 11) were screened by immunohistochemistry for STING and relevant protein aggregates (e.g., amyloid-β, α-synuclein, TDP-43). Human brain endothelial cells were cultured and stimulated with the STING agonist palmitic acid (1-400 μM) and assessed for mitochondrial stress (release of mitochondrial DNA into cytosol, increased oxygen consumption), downstream regulator factors, TBK-1/pIRF3 and inflammatory biomarker interferon-β release and changes in ICAM-1 integrin expression. RESULTS In neurodegenerative brain diseases, elevated STING protein was observed mainly in brain endothelial cells and neurons, compared to non-neurodegenerative control tissues where STING protein staining was weaker. Interestingly, a higher STING presence was associated with toxic protein aggregates (e.g., in neurons). Similarly high STING protein levels were observed within acute demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis subjects. To understand non-microbial/metabolic stress activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, brain endothelial cells were treated with palmitic acid. This evoked mitochondrial respiratory stress up to a ~2.5-fold increase in cellular oxygen consumption. Palmitic acid induced a statistically significant increase in cytosolic DNA leakage from endothelial cell mitochondria (Mander's coefficient; p < 0.05) and a significant increase in TBK-1, phosphorylated transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3, cGAS and cell surface ICAM. In addition, a dose response in the secretion of interferon-β was observed, but it failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The histological evidence shows that the common cGAS-STING pathway appears to be activated in endothelial and neural cells in all four neurodegenerative diseases examined. Together with the in vitro data, this suggests that the STING pathway might be activated via perturbation of mitochondrial stress and DNA leakage, resulting in downstream neuroinflammation; hence, this pathway may be a target for future STING therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Ferecskó
- UCB Pharma, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Miranda J Smallwood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | | | - Corin Liddle
- Bioimaging Unit, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Jia Newcombe
- NeuroResource, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Janet Holley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Jacqueline Whatmore
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Nicholas J Gutowski
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Paul Eggleton
- UCB Pharma, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
- Revolo Biotherapeutics, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
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30
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Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Alsayegh AA, Almohmadi NH, Saad HM, Batiha GE. Pros and cons for statins use and risk of Parkinson's disease: An updated perspective. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01063. [PMID: 36811160 PMCID: PMC9944858 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative brain disease (NBD) after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Statins are the most common lipid-lowering agents used in the management of dyslipidemia and the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular diseases (CVD) events. In addition, there is a controversial point regarding the role of serum lipids in the pathogenesis of PD. In this bargain, as statins reduce serum cholesterol so they affect the PD neuropathology in bidirectional ways either protective or harmful. Statins are not used in the management of PD, but they are frequently used in the cardiovascular disorders commonly associated with PD in the elderly population. Therefore, the use of statins in that population may affect PD outcomes. Concerning the potential role of statins on PD neuropathology, there are conflicts and controversies either protective against the development of PD or harmful by increasing the risk for the development of PD. Therefore, this review aimed to clarify the precise role of statins in PD regarding the pros and cons from published studies. Many studies suggest a protective role of statins against PD risk through the modulation of inflammatory and lysosomal signaling pathways. Nevertheless, other observations suggest that statin therapy may increase PD risk by diverse mechanisms including reduction of CoQ10. In conclusion, there are strong controversies regarding the protective role of statins in PD neuropathology. Therefore, retrospective and prospective studies are necessary in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and MedicineCollege of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and MedicineCollege of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeUniversity of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Clinical Nutrition DepartmentApplied Medical Sciences College, Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition DepartmentCollege of Applied Medical SciencesUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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31
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Senkevich K, Beletskaia M, Dworkind A, Yu E, Ahmad J, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Spiegelman D, Fahn S, Waters C, Monchi O, Dauvilliers Y, Dupré N, Greenbaum L, Hassin-Baer S, Nagornov I, Tyurin A, Miliukhina I, Timofeeva A, Emelyanov A, Zakharova E, Alcalay RN, Pchelina S, Gan-Or Z. Association of rare variants in ARSA with Parkinson's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.08.23286773. [PMID: 36993451 PMCID: PMC10055435 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.08.23286773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Several lysosomal genes are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the association between PD and ARSA , which encodes for the enzyme arylsulfatase A, remains controversial. Objectives To evaluate the association between rare ARSA variants and PD. Methods To study possible association of rare variants (minor allele frequency<0.01) in ARSA with PD, we performed burden analyses in six independent cohorts with a total of 5,801 PD patients and 20,475 controls, using optimized sequence Kernel association test (SKAT-O), followed by a meta-analysis. Results We found evidence for an association between functional ARSA variants and PD in four independent cohorts (P≤0.05 in each) and in the meta-analysis (P=0.042). We also found an association between loss-of-function variants and PD in the UKBB cohort (P=0.005) and in the meta-analysis (P=0.049). However, despite replicating in four independent cohorts, these results should be interpreted with caution as no association survived correction for multiple comparisons. Additionally, we describe two families with potential co-segregation of the ARSA variant p.E384K and PD. Conclusions Rare functional and loss-of-function ARSA variants may be associated with PD. Further replication in large case-control cohorts and in familial studies is required to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Senkevich
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Mariia Beletskaia
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aliza Dworkind
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Ruskey
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Guide-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Division of Neurosciences, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Movement Disorders Institute, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilya Nagornov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Tyurin
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alla Timofeeva
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Emelyanov
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Roy N. Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
- Division of Movement Disorders, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sofya Pchelina
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Microarrays, Enzymatic Assays, and MALDI-MS for Determining Specific Alterations to Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Activity, ROS Formation, and Lipid Composition in a Monkey Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065470. [PMID: 36982541 PMCID: PMC10049643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple evidences suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease via the selective cell death of dopaminergic neurons, such as that which occurs after prolonged exposure to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I inhibitor, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrine (MPTP). However, the effects of chronic MPTP on the ETC complexes and on enzymes of lipid metabolism have not yet been thoroughly determined. To face these questions, the enzymatic activities of ETC complexes and the lipidomic profile of MPTP-treated non-human primate samples were determined using cell membrane microarrays from different brain areas and tissues. MPTP treatment induced an increase in complex II activity in the olfactory bulb, putamen, caudate, and substantia nigra, where a decrease in complex IV activity was observed. The lipidomic profile was also altered in these areas, with a reduction in the phosphatidylserine (38:1) content being especially relevant. Thus, MPTP treatment not only modulates ETC enzymes, but also seems to alter other mitochondrial enzymes that regulate the lipid metabolism. Moreover, these results show that a combination of cell membrane microarrays, enzymatic assays, and MALDI-MS provides a powerful tool for identifying and validating new therapeutic targets that might accelerate the drug discovery process.
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Qi Z, Wan M, Zhang J, Li Z. Influence of Cholesterol on the Membrane Binding and Conformation of α-Synuclein. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1956-1964. [PMID: 36812386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The α-Synuclein (α-Syn) plays an important role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD), and its oligomers and fibrils are toxic to the nervous system. As organisms age, the cholesterol content in biological membranes increases, which is a potential cause of PD. Cholesterol may affect the membrane binding of α-Syn and its abnormal aggregation, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we present our molecular dynamics simulation studies on the interaction between α-Syn and lipid membranes, with or without cholesterol. It is demonstrated that cholesterol provides additional hydrogen bond interaction with α-Syn; however, the coulomb interaction and hydrophobic interaction between α-Syn and lipid membranes could be weakened by cholesterol. In addition, cholesterol leads to the shrinking of lipid packing defects and the decrease of lipid fluidity, thereby shortening the membrane binding region of α-Syn. Under these multifaceted effects of cholesterol, membrane-bound α-Syn shows signs of forming a β-sheet structure, which may further induce the formation of abnormal α-Syn fibrils. These results provide important information for the understanding of membrane binding of α-Syn, and they are expected to promote the bridging between cholesterol and the pathological aggregation of α-Syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Menglin Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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Honsho M, Fujiki Y. Regulation of plasmalogen biosynthesis in mammalian cells and tissues. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:118-123. [PMID: 36720320 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogens are a unique family of cellular glycerophospholipids that contain a vinyl-ether bond. Synthesis of plasmalogens is initiated in peroxisomes and completed in the endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of plasmalogens in several organs of patients with deficiency in peroxisome biogenesis suggests that de novo synthesis of plasmalogens contributes significantly to plasmalogen homeostasis in humans. Plasmalogen biosynthesis is spatiotemporally regulated by a feedback mechanism that senses the amount of plasmalogens in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and regulates the stability of fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (FAR1), the rate-limiting enzyme for plasmalogen biosynthesis. Dysregulation of plasmalogen synthesis impairs cholesterol synthesis in cells and brain, resulting in the reduced expression of genes such as mRNA encoding myelin basic protein, a phenotype found in the cerebellum of plasmalogen-deficient mice. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of plasmalogen biosynthesis and the link between plasmalogen homeostasis and cholesterol biosynthesis, and address the pathogenesis of impaired plasmalogen homeostasis in rodent and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Honsho
- Department of Neuroinflammation and Brain Fatigue Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food-Kyushu University Collaboration Program, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan.
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35
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McDonald TS, Lerskiatiphanich T, Woodruff TM, McCombe PA, Lee JD. Potential mechanisms to modify impaired glucose metabolism in neurodegenerative disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:26-43. [PMID: 36281012 PMCID: PMC9875350 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221135061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration refers to the selective and progressive loss-of-function and atrophy of neurons, and is present in disorders such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's disease. Although each disease presents with a unique pattern of neurodegeneration, and subsequent disease phenotype, increasing evidence implicates alterations in energy usage as a shared and core feature in the onset and progression of these disorders. Indeed, disturbances in energy metabolism may contribute to the vulnerability of neurons to apoptosis. In this review we will outline these disturbances in glucose metabolism, and how fatty acids are able to compensate for this impairment in energy production in neurodegenerative disorders. We will also highlight underlying mechanisms that could contribute to these alterations in energy metabolism. A greater understanding of these metabolism-neurodegeneration processes could lead to improved treatment options for neurodegenerative disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya S McDonald
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Titaya Lerskiatiphanich
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St.
Lucia, Australia
| | - Pamela A McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital,
Herston, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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Dickson EJ. Role of Lysosomal Cholesterol in Regulating PI(4,5)P 2-Dependent Ion Channel Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:193-215. [PMID: 36988882 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are central regulators of cellular growth and signaling. Once considered the acidic garbage can of the cell, their ever-expanding repertoire of functions include the regulation of cell growth, gene regulation, metabolic signaling, cell migration, and cell death. In this chapter, we detail how another of the lysosome's crucial roles, cholesterol transport, plays a vital role in the control of ion channel function and neuronal excitability through its ability to influence the abundance of the plasma membrane signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). This chapter will introduce the biosynthetic pathways of cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2, discuss the molecular mechanisms through which each lipid distinctly regulates ion channels, and consider the interdependence of these lipids in the control of ion channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Wanders RJA, Baes M, Ribeiro D, Ferdinandusse S, Waterham HR. The physiological functions of human peroxisomes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:957-1024. [PMID: 35951481 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00051.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles that play a central role in human physiology by catalyzing a range of unique metabolic functions. The importance of peroxisomes for human health is exemplified by the existence of a group of usually severe diseases caused by an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Among others these include the Zellweger spectrum disorders, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum disease. To fulfill their role in metabolism, peroxisomes require continued interaction with other subcellular organelles including lipid droplets, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. In recent years it has become clear that the metabolic alliance between peroxisomes and other organelles requires the active participation of tethering proteins to bring the organelles physically closer together, thereby achieving efficient transfer of metabolites. This review intends to describe the current state of knowledge about the metabolic role of peroxisomes in humans, with particular emphasis on the metabolic partnership between peroxisomes and other organelles and the consequences of genetic defects in these processes. We also describe the biogenesis of peroxisomes and the consequences of the multiple genetic defects therein. In addition, we discuss the functional role of peroxisomes in different organs and tissues and include relevant information derived from model systems, notably peroxisomal mouse models. Finally, we pay particular attention to a hitherto underrated role of peroxisomes in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Sinclair AJ, Wang Y, Li D. What Is the Evidence for Dietary-Induced DHA Deficiency in Human Brains? Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010161. [PMID: 36615819 PMCID: PMC9824463 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a major constituent of neural and visual membranes and is required for optimal neural and visual function. DHA is derived from food or by endogenous synthesis from α-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid. Low blood levels of DHA in some westernised populations have led to speculations that child development disorders and various neurological conditions are associated with sub-optimal neural DHA levels, a proposition which has been supported by the supplement industry. This review searched for evidence of deficiency of DHA in human populations, based on elevated levels of the biochemical marker of n-3 deficiency, docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6). Three scenarios/situations were identified for the insufficient supply of DHA, namely in the brain of new-born infants fed with high-linoleic acid (LA), low-ALA formulas, in cord blood of women at birth who were vegetarians and in the milk of women from North Sudan. Twenty post-mortem brain studies from the developed world from adults with various neurological disorders revealed no evidence of raised levels of 22:5n-6, even in the samples with reduced DHA levels compared with control subjects. Human populations most likely at risk of n-3 deficiency are new-born and weanling infants, children and adolescents in areas of dryland agriculture, in famines, or are refugees, however, these populations have rarely been studied. This is an important topic for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3152, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)414-906-341
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Bioenhancing effects of piperine and curcumin on triterpenoid pharmacokinetics and neurodegenerative metabolomes from Centella asiatica extract in beagle dogs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20789. [PMID: 36456663 PMCID: PMC9715946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Centell-S is a water-soluble extract of Centella asiatica containing more than 80% w/w triterpenoid glycosides. Madecassoside and asiaticoside are two major components of the extract and can be converted into active metabolites, triterpenic acids in large mammal species. In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles and metabolomic changes generated by the bioactive triterpenoids of Centell-S alone, and in combination with the bioenhancers piperine and curcumin, were investigated in beagle dogs. The test substances were orally administered over multiple doses for 7 consecutive days. At day 1 and 7 after receiving the test compounds, the level of major bioactive triterpenoids and related metabolites were measured using triple quadrupole and high-resolution accurate mass orbitrap models of LCMS to determine pharmacokinetic and metabolomic profiles, respectively. Centell-S was well tolerated, alone and in all combination groups. The combination of Centell-S and piperine significantly increased (p < 0.05) the systemic exposure of madecassoside on day 1 and asiatic acid on day 7, by approximately 1.5 to 3.0-fold of Cmax and AUC values as compared to the Centell-S alone, while the addition of curcumin did not provide a significant improvement. Several metabolomic changes were observed from pre-dose to 4 h post-dose, with some biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases including L-glutamine, lysophosphatidylcholine (17:0), taurochenodeoxycholic acid, uric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and lactic acid showing good correlation with the systemic exposure of the bioactive triterpenoids (asiatic acid). Thus, the combining of piperine to Centell-S exhibits the improvement of bioactive triterpenoids which are related to the biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. These promising results might be useful for the development of this standardised extract to become a more effective phytomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Capelluto DGS. The repertoire of protein-sulfatide interactions reveal distinct modes of sulfatide recognition. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1080161. [PMID: 36533082 PMCID: PMC9748700 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1080161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfatide is an abundant glycosphingolipid in the mammalian nervous system, kidney, trachea, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas and is found in low levels in other tissues. Sulfatide is characterized by the presence of a sulfate group in the hydrophilic galactose moiety, with isoforms differing in their sphingosine base and the length, unsaturation, and hydroxylation of their acyl chain. Sulfatide has been associated with a variety of cellular processes including immune responses, cell survival, myelin organization, platelet aggregation, and host-pathogen interactions. Structural studies of protein-sulfatide interactions markedly advanced our understanding of their molecular contacts, key-interacting residues, orientation of the sulfatide in its binding site, and in some cases, sulfatide-mediated protein oligomerization. To date, all protein-sulfatide interactions are reported to display dissociation constants in the low micromolar range. At least three distinct modes of protein-sulfatide binding were identified: 1) protein binding to short consensus stretches of amino acids that adopt α-helical-loop-α-helical conformations; 2) sulfatide-bound proteins that present the sulfatide head group to another protein; and 3) proteins that cage sulfatides. The scope of this review is to present an up-to-date overview of these molecular mechanisms of sulfatide recognition to better understand the role of this glycosphingolipid in physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. S Capelluto
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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41
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Zhao H, Wang W, Lin T, Gong L. Serum Metabolomics of Benign Essential Blepharospasm Using Liquid Chromatography and Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6876327. [PMID: 36452462 PMCID: PMC9704060 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6876327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a form of focal dystonia that causes excessive involuntary spasms of the eyelids. Currently, the pathogenesis of BEB remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the serum metabolites profiles in patients with BEB and healthy control and to identify the mechanism and biomarkers of this disease. Methods 30 patients with BEB and 33 healthy controls were recruited for this study. We conducted the quantitative and nontargeted metabolomics analysis of the serum samples from 63 subjects by using liquid chromatography and Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap MS). Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to detect and identify different metabolites between the two groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the altered metabolites were performed. Results A total of 134 metabolites were found and identified. The metabolites belonged to several metabolic pathways including phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and vitamin B6 metabolism. Eight metabolites were identified as the potential biomarkers. Conclusions These results demonstrated that serum metabolic profiling of BEB patients was significantly different from healthy controls based on LC-Orbitrap MS. Besides, metabolomics might provide useful information for a better understanding of BEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Wushuang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
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Vallés AS, Barrantes FJ. The synaptic lipidome in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184033. [PMID: 35964712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adequate homeostasis of lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks in our organism, and the brain, with its uniquely high energetic requirements, posesses singular characteristics. Some of these are related to its extraordinary dotation of synapses, the specialized subcelluar structures where signal transmission between neurons occurs in the central nervous system. The post-synaptic compartment of excitatory synapses, the dendritic spine, harbors key molecules involved in neurotransmission tightly packed within a minute volume of a few femtoliters. The spine is further compartmentalized into nanodomains that facilitate the execution of temporo-spatially separate functions in the synapse. Lipids play important roles in this structural and functional compartmentalization and in mechanisms that impact on synaptic transmission. This review analyzes the structural and dynamic processes involving lipids at the synapse, highlighting the importance of their homeostatic balance for the physiology of this complex and highly specialized structure, and underscoring the pathologies associated with disbalances of lipid metabolism, particularly in the perinatal and late adulthood periods of life. Although small variations of the lipid profile in the brain take place throughout the adult lifespan, the pathophysiological consequences are clinically manifested mostly during late adulthood. Disturbances in lipid homeostasis in the perinatal period leads to alterations during nervous system development, while in late adulthood they favor the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Vallés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (UNS-CONICET), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), UCA-CONICET, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina.
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Anionic lipid vesicles have differential effects on the aggregation of early onset-associated α-synuclein missense mutants. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102565. [PMID: 36208776 PMCID: PMC9694135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (αS) is the key component of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. αS was first linked to PD through the identification of point mutations in the SNCA gene, causing single amino acid substitutions within αS and familial autosomal dominant forms of PD that profoundly accelerated disease onset by up to several decades. At least eight single-point mutations linked to familial PD (A30G/P, E46K, H50Q, G51D, and A53T/E/V) are located in proximity of the region preceding the non-β amyloid component (preNAC) region, strongly implicating its pathogenic role in αS-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, lipids are known to be important for native αS function, where they play a key role in the regulation of synaptic vesicle docking to presynaptic membranes and dopamine transmission. However, the role of lipids in the function of mutant αS is unclear. Here, we studied αS aggregation properties of WT αS and five of the most predominant single-point missense mutants associated with early onset PD in the presence of anionic 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine lipid vesicles. Our results highlight significant differences between aggregation rates, the number of aggregates produced, and overall fibril morphologies of WT αS and the A30P, E46K, H50Q, G51D, and A53T missense mutants in the presence of lipid vesicles. These findings have important implications regarding the interplay between the lipids required for αS function and the individual point mutations known to accelerate PD and related diseases.
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Chen CT, Shao Z, Fu Z. Dysfunctional peroxisomal lipid metabolisms and their ocular manifestations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982564. [PMID: 36187472 PMCID: PMC9524157 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retina is rich in lipids and dyslipidemia causes retinal dysfunction and eye diseases. In retina, lipids are not only important membrane component in cells and organelles but also fuel substrates for energy production. However, our current knowledge of lipid processing in the retina are very limited. Peroxisomes play a critical role in lipid homeostasis and genetic disorders with peroxisomal dysfunction have different types of ocular complications. In this review, we focus on the role of peroxisomes in lipid metabolism, including degradation and detoxification of very-long-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, glyoxylate, and amino acids, as well as biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid, plasmalogen and bile acids. We also discuss the potential contributions of peroxisomal pathways to eye health and summarize the reported cases of ocular symptoms in patients with peroxisomal disorders, corresponding to each disrupted peroxisomal pathway. We also review the cross-talk between peroxisomes and other organelles such as lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck T Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuo Shao
- Post-Graduate Medical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Genetics Program, North York General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Dorninger F, Werner ER, Berger J, Watschinger K. Regulation of plasmalogen metabolism and traffic in mammals: The fog begins to lift. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946393. [PMID: 36120579 PMCID: PMC9471318 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique chemical structure, plasmalogens do not only exhibit distinct biophysical and biochemical features, but require specialized pathways of biosynthesis and metabolization. Recently, major advances have been made in our understanding of these processes, for example by the attribution of the gene encoding the enzyme, which catalyzes the final desaturation step in plasmalogen biosynthesis, or by the identification of cytochrome C as plasmalogenase, which allows for the degradation of plasmalogens. Also, models have been presented that plausibly explain the maintenance of adequate cellular levels of plasmalogens. However, despite the progress, many aspects around the questions of how plasmalogen metabolism is regulated and how plasmalogens are distributed among organs and tissues in more complex organisms like mammals, remain unresolved. Here, we summarize and interpret current evidence on the regulation of the enzymes involved in plasmalogen biosynthesis and degradation as well as the turnover of plasmalogens. Finally, we focus on plasmalogen traffic across the mammalian body - a topic of major importance, when considering plasmalogen replacement therapies in human disorders, where deficiencies in these lipids have been reported. These involve not only inborn errors in plasmalogen metabolism, but also more common diseases including Alzheimer's disease and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Fabian Dorninger, ; Katrin Watschinger,
| | - Ernst R. Werner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,*Correspondence: Fabian Dorninger, ; Katrin Watschinger,
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Ma X, Li X, Wang W, Zhang M, Yang B, Miao Z. Phosphatidylserine, inflammation, and central nervous system diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:975176. [PMID: 35992593 PMCID: PMC9382310 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.975176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an anionic phospholipid in the eukaryotic membrane and is abundant in the brain. Accumulated studies have revealed that PS is involved in the multiple functions of the brain, such as activation of membrane signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and synaptic refinement. Those functions of PS are related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In this review, we discuss the metabolism of PS, the anti-inflammation function of PS in the brain; the alterations of PS in different CNS diseases, and the possibility of PS to serve as a therapeutic agent for diseases. Clinical studies have showed that PS has no side effects and is well tolerated. Therefore, PS and PS liposome could be a promising supplementation for these neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Yang,
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Zhigang Miao,
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Taoro-González L, Pereda D, Valdés-Baizabal C, González-Gómez M, Pérez JA, Mesa-Herrera F, Canerina-Amaro A, Pérez-González H, Rodríguez C, Díaz M, Marin R. Effects of Dietary n-3 LCPUFA Supplementation on the Hippocampus of Aging Female Mice: Impact on Memory, Lipid Raft-Associated Glutamatergic Receptors and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7430. [PMID: 35806435 PMCID: PMC9267073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), essential molecules whose precursors must be dietary supplied, are highly represented in the brain contributing to numerous neuronal processes. Recent findings have demonstrated that LCPUFA are represented in lipid raft microstructures, where they favor molecular interactions of signaling complexes underlying neuronal functionality. During aging, the brain lipid composition changes affecting the lipid rafts' integrity and protein signaling, which may induce memory detriment. We investigated the effect of a n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet on the cognitive function of 6- and 15-months-old female mice. Likewise, we explored the impact of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs on hippocampal lipid rafts, and their potential correlation with aging-induced neuroinflammation. Our results demonstrate that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation improves spatial and recognition memory and restores the expression of glutamate and estrogen receptors in the hippocampal lipid rafts of aged mice to similar profiles than young ones. Additionally, the n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet stabilized the lipid composition of the old mice's hippocampal lipid rafts to the levels of young ones and reduced the aged-induced neuroinflammatory markers. Hence, we propose that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation leads to beneficial cognitive performance by "rejuvenating" the lipid raft microenvironment that stabilizes the integrity and interactions of memory protein players embedded in these microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Taoro-González
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (C.R.)
| | - Daniel Pereda
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Catalina Valdés-Baizabal
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (C.R.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva (NeuroCog), University of La Laguna, 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - José A. Pérez
- Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ana Canerina-Amaro
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Herminia Pérez-González
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (C.R.)
- Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Mario Díaz
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva (NeuroCog), University of La Laguna, 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- IUETSP (Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias), University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel Marin
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Zalckvar E, Schuldiner M. Beyond rare disorders: A new era for peroxisomal pathophysiology. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2228-2235. [PMID: 35714584 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is emerging as a central influencer of multiple disease states in humans. Peroxisomes are central metabolic organelles whose decreased function gives rise to severe peroxisomal diseases. Recently, it is becoming clear that, beyond such rare inborn errors, the deterioration of peroxisomal functions contributes to multiple and prevalent diseases such as cancer, viral infection, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Despite the clear importance of peroxisomes in common pathophysiological processes, research on the mechanisms underlying their contributions is still sparse. Here, we highlight the timeliness of focusing on peroxisomes in current research on central, abundant, and society-impacting human pathologies. As peroxisomes are now coming into the spotlight, it is clear that intensive research into these important organelles will enable a better understanding of their contribution to human health, serving as the basis to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Zalckvar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Lipidomics of Bioactive Lipids in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Where Are We? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116235. [PMID: 35682914 PMCID: PMC9181703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are not only constituents of cellular membranes, but they are also key signaling mediators, thus acting as “bioactive lipids”. Among the prominent roles exerted by bioactive lipids are immune regulation, inflammation, and maintenance of homeostasis. Accumulated evidence indicates the existence of a bidirectional relationship between the immune and nervous systems, and lipids can interact particularly with the aggregation and propagation of many pathogenic proteins that are well-renowned hallmarks of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the presence and quantification of the main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids, namely glycerophospholipids/sphingolipids, classical eicosanoids, pro-resolving lipid mediators, and endocannabinoids, in AD and PD patients, as well as their most-used animal models, by means of lipidomic analyses, advocating for these lipid mediators as powerful biomarkers of pathology, diagnosis, and progression, as well as predictors of response or activity to different current therapies for these neurodegenerative diseases.
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50
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Watt KJC, Meade RM, Williams RJ, Mason JM. Library-Derived Peptide Aggregation Modulators of Parkinson's Disease Early-Onset α-Synuclein Variants. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1790-1804. [PMID: 35613323 PMCID: PMC9204772 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of Lewy bodies in dopaminergic neurons. The main protein component of Lewy bodies, α-synuclein (αS), is also firmly linked to PD through the identification of a number of single point mutations that are autosomal dominant for early-onset disease. Consequently, the misfolding and subsequent aggregation of αS is thought to be a key stage in the development and progression of PD. Therefore, modulating the aggregation pathway of αS is an attractive therapeutic target. Owing to the fact that all but one of the familial mutations is located in the preNAC 45-54 region of αS, we previously designed a semi-rational library using this sequence as a design scaffold. The 45-54 peptide library was screened using a protein-fragment complementation assay approach, leading to the identification of the 4554W peptide. The peptide was subsequently found to be effective in inhibiting primary nucleation of αS, the earliest stage of the aggregation pathway. Here, we build upon this previous work by screening the same 45-54 library against five of the known αS single-point mutants that are associated with early-onset PD (A30P, E46K, H50Q, G51D, and A53T). These point mutations lead to a rapid acceleration of PD pathology by altering either the rate or type of aggregates formed. All ultimately lead to earlier disease onset and were therefore used to enforce increased assay stringency during the library screening process. The ultimate aim was to identify a peptide that is effective against not only the familial αS variant from which it has been selected but that is also effective against WT αS. Screening resulted in five peptides that shared common residues at some positions, while deviating at others. All reduced aggregation of the respective target, with several also identified to be effective at reducing aggregation when incubated with other variants. In addition, our results demonstrate that a previously optimized peptide, 4554W(N6A), is highly effective against not only WT αS but also several of the single-point mutant forms and hence is a suitable baseline for further work toward a PD therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. C. Watt
- Depart of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Meade
- Depart of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Williams
- Depart of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jody M. Mason
- Depart of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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