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Bibi S, Habib R, Shafiq S, Abbas SS, Khan S, Eqani SAMAS, Nepovimova E, Khan MS, Kuca K, Nurulain SM. Influence of the chronic groundwater fluoride consumption on cholinergic enzymes, ACHE and BCHE gene SNPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines: A study with Pakistani population groups. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163359. [PMID: 37030382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is one of the abundant elements found in the Earth's crust and is a global environmental issue. The present work aimed to find the impact of chronic consumption of fluoride contained groundwater on human subjects. Five hundred and twelve volunteers from different areas of Pakistan were recruited. Cholinergic status, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase gene SNPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined. Association analysis, regression and other standard statistical analyses were performed. Physical examination of the fluoride endemic areas' participants revealed the symptoms of dental and skeletal fluorosis. Cholinergic enzymes (AChE and BChE) were significantly increased among different exposure groups. ACHE gene 3'-UTR variant and BCHE K-variant showed a significant association with risk of fluorosis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) were found to be increased and have a significant correlation in response to fluoride exposure and cholinergic enzymes. The study concludes that chronic consumption of high fluoride-contained water is a risk factor for developing low-grade systemic inflammation through the cholinergic pathway and the studied cholinergic gene SNPs were identified to be associated with the risk of flurosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Habib
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sania Shafiq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sayyam Abbas
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Shaiza Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | | | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Mansoor Shaukat Khan
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Syed Muhammad Nurulain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
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Aycan A, Tas A, Yeltekin AC, El-Tekreti SAA, Arslan A, Arslan M, Aycan N. Evaluation of cholinergic enzymes and selected biochemical parameters in the serum of patients with a diagnosis of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220311. [PMID: 37873057 PMCID: PMC10590606 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the most severe form of hemorrhagic stroke and accounts for 5-7% of all strokes. Several chemical enzymes and cytokines are thought to cause reactions that may affect the mortality and morbidity of SAH patients. This study aimed to examine the possible relationships between these parameters and the occurrence of SAH and the clinical-radiological parameters in patients with acute SAH. Methods This study evaluated 44 patients, including 20 with SAH and 24 controls. We obtained blood from the patients and control groups, which was stored in heparinized tubes and used in determining tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), caspase-3, and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Results TNF-α, BDNF, AChE, and BChE enzyme levels were not related to the Glasgow Coma scale (GCS) score in the patient group (p > 0.05), whereas higher enzyme levels of caspase-3 were associated with lower GCS scores (p < 0.05). The difference between the control and patient groups in terms of mean TNF-α levels was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The BDNF levels were statistically insignificant in the patient groups (p > 0.05). Caspase-3, AChE, and BChE levels were significantly different between the control and patient groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions Our results may be valuable for predicting the prognosis, diagnosis, and follow-up of patients with SAH. However, further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between the clinical and radiological results in patients with SAH and certain enzymes, cytokines, and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Aycan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Tas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ayse Arslan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Health Sciences, Van, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Nur Aycan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
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Yue C, Zhang C, Ying C, Jiang H. Reduced serum cholinesterase is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit. Front Nutr 2022; 9:809449. [PMID: 36505241 PMCID: PMC9730412 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.809449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our aim was to assess the relationship between serum cholinesterase levels at intensive care unit admission and all-cause mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit. Methods We used the pediatric intensive care unit database (a large pediatric intensive care database in China from 2010 to 2018) to conduct a retrospective analysis to evaluate the serum cholinesterase levels at intensive care unit admission of 11,751 critically ill children enrolled to the intensive care unit. We analyzed the association between serum cholinesterase and all-cause mortality. Adjusted smoothing spline plots, subgroup analysis and segmented multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to estimate the relative risk between proportional risk between serum cholinesterase and death. Results Of the 11,751 children, 703 (5.98%) died in hospital. After adjusting for confounders, there was a negative association between serum cholinesterase and the risk of death in pediatric intensive care unit. For every 1,000 U/L increase in serum cholinesterase, the risk of death was reduced by 16% (adjusted OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.89). The results of sensitivity analysis showed that in different stratified analyses (age, intensive care unit category, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, neutrophils), the effect of serum cholinesterase on all-cause mortality remained stable. Conclusion After adjusting for inflammation, nutrition, and liver function factors, cholinesterase reduction is still an independent risk factor for pediatric intensive care unit all-cause mortality.
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Butyrylcholinesterase is a potential biomarker for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104041. [PMID: 35533499 PMCID: PMC9092508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autonomic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an enzyme of the cholinergic system, a major branch of the autonomic system, and may provide a measure of autonomic (dys)function. This study was undertaken to evaluate BChE activity in infants and young children who had died from Sudden Infant Death or Sudden Unexpected Death. Methods In this case-control study we measured BChE activity and total protein in the eluate of 5μL spots punched from the dried blood spots taken at birth as part of the newborn screening program. Results for each of 67 sudden unexpected deaths classified by the coroner (aged 1 week-104 weeks) = Cases, were compared to 10 date of birth - and gender-matched surviving controls (Controls), with five cases reclassified to meet criteria for SIDS, including the criterion of age 3 weeks to 1 year. Findings Conditional logistic regression showed that in groups where cases were reported as “SIDS death” there was strong evidence that lower BChE specific activity (BChEsa) was associated with death (OR=0·73 per U/mg, 95% CI 0·60-0·89, P=0·0014), whereas in groups with a “Non-SIDS death” as the case there was no evidence of a linear association between BChEsa and death (OR=1·001 per U/mg, 95% CI 0·89-1·13, P=0·99). Interpretation BChEsa, measured in dried blood spots taken 2-3 days after birth, was lower in babies who subsequently died of SIDS compared to surviving controls and other Non-SIDS deaths. We conclude that a previously unidentified cholinergic deficit, identifiable by abnormal -BChEsa, is present at birth in SIDS babies and represents a measurable, specific vulnerability prior to their death. Funding All funding provided by a crowd funding campaign https://www.mycause.com.au/p/184401/damiens-legacy
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Reddy Parvathareddy KK, Balla RV, Nagula P, Ravi S, Maale S, Rayapu M. Prognostic significance of serum cholinesterase in acute myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_18_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kinchen JM, Mohney RP, Pappan KL. Long-Chain Acylcholines Link Butyrylcholinesterase to Regulation of Non-neuronal Cholinergic Signaling. J Proteome Res 2021; 21:599-611. [PMID: 34758617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acylcholines are comprised of an acyl chain esterified to a choline moiety; acetylcholine is the best-characterized member of this class, functioning as a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as an inhibitor of cytokine production by macrophages and other innate immune cells. Acylcholines are metabolized by a class of cholinesterases, including acetylcholinesterase (a specific regulator of acetylcholine levels) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, an enigmatic enzyme whose function has not been resolved by genetic knockout models). BChE provides reserve capacity to hydrolyze acetylcholine, but its importance is arguable given acetylcholinesterase is the most catalytically efficient enzyme characterized to date. While known to be substrates of BChE in vitro, endogenous production of long-chain acylcholines is a recent discovery enabled by untargeted metabolomics. Compared to acetylcholine, long-chain acylcholines show greater stability in circulation with homeostatic levels-dictated by synthesis and clearance-suggested to impact cholinergic receptor sensitivity of acetylcholine with varying levels of antagonism. Acylcholines then provide a link between BChE and non-neuronal acetylcholine signaling, filling a gap in understanding around how imbalances between acylcholines and BChE could modulate inflammatory disease, such as the "cytokine storm" identified in severe COVID-19. Areas for further research, development, and clinical testing are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Kinchen
- Owlstone Medical Inc., 600 Park Office Drive, Suite 140, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Robert P Mohney
- Owlstone Medical Inc., 600 Park Office Drive, Suite 140, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Kirk L Pappan
- Owlstone Medical Inc., 600 Park Office Drive, Suite 140, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Cholinesterase activity in serum during general anesthesia in patients with or without vascular disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16687. [PMID: 34404888 PMCID: PMC8371088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining hemodynamic stability during the induction and maintenance of anesthesia is one of the challenges of the anesthesiologist. Patients with vascular disease are at increased risk of instability due to imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system, a balance accessible by serum cholinesterase activity. We aim to characterize the dynamics of cholinesterase activity in patients undergoing general anesthesia (GA) and surgery. This was a prospective study of 57 patients undergoing ambulatory or vascular surgery under GA. Cholinesterase activity was measured before the induction of anesthesia, after 15 min and at the end of surgery by calculating the capacity of serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase to hydrolyze AcetylThioCholine. Data on atherosclerotic disease, anesthesia management were analyzed. Both AChE and total cholinergic status (CS) decreased significantly after GA induction at 15 min and even more so by the end of surgery. Vascular surgery patients had lower baseline cholinesterase activity compared to ambulatory surgery patients. Patients requiring intraoperative administration of phenylephrine for hemodynamic support (21.1%) had a significantly lower level of AChE and CS compared to untreated patients. Our findings serve as a mirror to the sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance during GA, with a marked decrease in the parasympathetic tone. The data of a subgroup analysis show a correlation between low cholinesterase activity and an increase in the need for hemodynamic support.
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Blood acetylcholinesterase activity is associated with increased 10 year all-cause mortality following coronary angiography. Atherosclerosis 2020; 313:144-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Shalmon T, Arbel Y, Granot Y, Ziv-Baran T, Chorin E, Shmilovich H, Havakuk O, Berliner S, Carrillo Estrada M, Aviram G. Cardiac Gated Computed Tomography Angiography Discloses a Correlation Between the Volumes of All Four Cardiac Chambers and Heart Rate in Men But Not in Women. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2020; 1:393-401. [PMID: 33786504 PMCID: PMC7784816 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2020.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Currently, normal values of the cardiac chambers' volumes are adjusted only for gender and body surface area (BSA). We aim to investigate the association between the heart rate and the volume of each of the four cardiac chambers using cardiac-gated computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: A total of 350 consecutive patients without known cardiac diseases or significant (>50%) stenosis undergoing CCTA between January 2009 and June 2014 for suspected coronary artery disease were included. Cardiac chamber volumes adjusted to BSA were calculated using automated model-based segmentation analysis software of the CCTA data and correlated with patients' mean heart rate during the scan. Results: There were 240 men and 110 women, median interquartile range age was 55 years (47–61). Women were older 59.0 years (53.7–64) versus 52.0 years (45.0–59.0), had higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, anemia, and hypothyroidism, and higher median heart rates 64.0 (59.7–66.0) versus 60.0 (55.0–65.0) (p < 0.001). Men had a negative correlation between the volume of each cardiac chamber and the heart rate [rage_adj = (−0.4)–(−0.27), p < 0.001 for all], whereas such a correlation was not found in women. The multivariate analysis showed that a decrease of five beats per minute was associated with an increase of 4%–5% in volume of each chamber in men. There was no such association among females. Conclusions: Lower heart rate is associated with an increase of each cardiac chamber volume by CCTA in men. This association is not found in women. More extensive studies are required to further elaborate on these gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Shalmon
- Department of Radiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaron Arbel
- Department of Cardiology, and Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Granot
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Chorin
- Department of Cardiology, and Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Shmilovich
- Department of Cardiology, and Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Havakuk
- Department of Cardiology, and Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Berliner
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Montserrat Carrillo Estrada
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Cardiology Hospital, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Galit Aviram
- Department of Radiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ehrenwald M, Wasserman A, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Zeltser D, Friedensohn L, Shapira I, Berliner S, Rogowski O. Exercise capacity and body mass index - important predictors of change in resting heart rate. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:307. [PMID: 31864299 PMCID: PMC6925469 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-01286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting heart rate (RHR) is an obtainable, inexpensive, non-invasive test, readily available on any medical document. RHR has been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity, is related to other cardiovascular risk factors, and may possibly predict them. Change in RHR over time (∆RHR) has been found to be a potential predictor of mortality. METHODS In this prospective study, RHR and ∆RHR were evaluated at baseline and over a period of 2.9 years during routine check-ups in 6683 subjects without known cardiovascular disease from the TAMCIS: Tel-Aviv Medical Center Inflammation Survey. Multiple linear regression analysis with three models was used to examine ∆RHR. The first model accounted for possible confounders by adjusting for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). The 2nd model included smoking status, baseline RHR, diastolic blood pressure (BP), dyslipidemia, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and metabolic equivalents of task (MET), and in the last model the change in MET and change in BMI were added. RESULTS RHR decreased with age, even after adjustment for sex, BMI and MET. The mean change in RHR was - 1.1 beats/min between two consecutive visits, in both men and women. This ∆RHR was strongly correlated with baseline RHR, age, initial MET, and change occurring in MET and BMI (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the need for examining individual patients' ∆RHR. Reinforcing that a positive ∆RHR is an indicator of poor adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ehrenwald
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, The Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Wasserman
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, The Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, The Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Zeltser
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, The Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Friedensohn
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, The Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzhak Shapira
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, The Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Berliner
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, The Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Rogowski
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, The Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Serum Level and Activity of Butylcholinesterase: A Biomarker for Post-Stroke Dementia. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111778. [PMID: 31653081 PMCID: PMC6912582 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic neurotransmission regulates the immune response and inhibits cytokine release after stroke. The changes in the level/activity of blood cholinesterase (ChE) in patients with post-stroke dementia (PSD) are less known. This study aimed to examine post-stroke plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesterase (BChE) and determine whether they are biomarkers for PSD. Thirty patients with PSD, 87 post-stroke patients without dementia (PSNoD), and 117 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. Missense genetic variants AChE rs1799806 and BChE rs1803274 were genotyped. The plasma AChE level did not differ between the PSD and PSNoD groups. However, BChE levels were significantly lower in the PSD than in the PSNoD group (3300.66 ± 515.35 vs 3855.74 ± 677.60 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.0033). The activities of total ChE, BChE, and AChE were all lower in the PSD group (19,563.33 ± 4366.03, 7650.17 ± 1912.29, 11,913.17 ± 2992.42 mU/mL, respectively) than in the PSNoD group (23,579.08 ± 5251.55, 9077.72 ± 1727.28, and 14,501.36 ± 4197.17 mU/mL, respectively). When further adjusting for age and sex, significance remained in BChE level and activity and in total ChE activity. BChE rs1803274 was associated with reduced BChE activity, while AChE rs1799806 did not influence AChE activity. The level and activity of BChE, but not of AChE, were decreased in PSD patients and may therefore aid in PSD diagnosis.
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Pereska Z, Chaparoska D, Bekarovski N, Jurukov I, Simonovska N, Babulovska A. Pulmonary thrombosis in acute organophosphate poisoning-Case report and literature overview of prothrombotic preconditioning in organophosphate toxicity. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:550-555. [PMID: 31285996 PMCID: PMC6587046 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute OP poisoning complicated with pulmonary thrombosis during the first week of poisoning. Antidote treatment included atropine, whereas diazepam was administered in the first 48 h. There was no administration of oximes due to unavailability. Prolonged hypoxemia in acute OP intoxication indicates exclusion of thrombotic pulmonary event.
Objective Acute organophosphate (OP) poisonings are presented with acetylcholine-receptor overstimulation. There have been a few case reports of thrombotic complications in acute OP poisonings, as well as prolonged thrombosis preconditions in patients who survived this type of intoxications. The paper presents a case with pulmonary thrombosis (PT) that develops in the subacute phase of intentional acute OP poisoning, treated only with atropine, as well as a literature overview of OP-induced prothrombotic toxicity. Case report A middle aged woman was brought to the hospital after ingestion of unknown insecticide with suicidal intentions. She had a history of HTA (arterial hypertension), hyperlipidemia and untreated depression. The clinical features of poisoning were miosis, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Soon after admission, she developed difficulties in breathing with decrease of serum pseudocholinesterase (2590...1769...1644...800 U/l), bibasal pulmonary crackles, drop of SpO2 to 84%. Antidote treatment included carbo medicinalis, atropine, and diazepam, without use of oximes. The seventh day pseudocholinesterase, the levels started to rise but the patient’s hyposaturation (SpO2 86-88%) persisted. Chest ultrasound detected hypoechoic subpleural lesion to the right. Haemostatic tests showed increased D-Dimmer (2312 ng/ml) with hypercoagulability. The CT pulmonary angiography confirmed PT and after the administration of low molecular heparin, her clinical condition improved. Conclusion Acute organophosphate poisoning treated with atropine showed a potential for inducing prothrombotic coagulation abnormalities, presented with PT. This life-threatening complication may additionally contribute to prolonged morbidity and mortality in OP poisonings, especially in patients with medical history of comorbidites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanina Pereska
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Daniela Chaparoska
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Niko Bekarovski
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Irena Jurukov
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Natasha Simonovska
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandra Babulovska
- University Clinic of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Clinical Campus Mother Theresa, Vodnjanska 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Han Y, Ma Y, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Zhen S, Yang X, Xu Z, Wen D. Plasma cholinesterase is associated with Chinese adolescent overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome prediction. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:685-702. [PMID: 31190929 PMCID: PMC6526022 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s201594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the plasma concentrations of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), also known as pseudocholinesterase, in different weight categories of adolescents, and to explore the possible association between plasma BChE and overweight (OW), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese adolescents. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,236 Chinese adolescents (194 obese [OB], 188 OW, 732 normal weight [NW], and 122 underweight [UW]). The biochemical variables and anthropometric variables of the study participants were evaluated. Plasma BChE level was measured by DGKC method. Results: OB was associated with a higher prevalence of upper strata plasma BChE levels when compared with the BChE levels in UW, NW, and OW group. A logistic regression analysis showed that plasma BChE was positively associated with the OB group when compared with the NW group. Boys in the OW group, but not the OB group, had a significantly higher prevalence of upper stratum of BChE levels. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and ApoB levels were positively associated with the upper stratum of BChE levels when compared with lower stratum. MetS and most of its components were more prevalent among subjects with upper stratum rather than lower stratum BChE levels. Receiver operating characteristic curves for plasma BChE in subjects with MetS indicated that the AUC was 0.80 (95%CI:0.70-0.90,P<0.001) and 0.89 (95%CI:0.82-0.95,P<0.001) in girls and boys, respectively. After adjusting for age, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for MetS in the upper stratum of BChE levels was 8.73 (95%CI: 3.49-21.84) in the boys cohorts and also in the girls cohorts (OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.35-21.70). Conclusion: This study confirmed an association between BChE levels and weight status in Chinese adolescents, and demonstrated that the upper strata of plasma BChE levels were associated with being OW, and even more highly associated with obesity. Plasma BChE levels were positively associated with MetS and its components and could be useful for identifying adolescents with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Han
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Public Health Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Zhao
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihan Zhen
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Yang
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Educational Research Centre of Huanggu District, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Deliang WenInstitute of Health Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 024 3131 3333Email
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14
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Brzezinski RY, Fisher E, Cohen N, Zwang E, Shefer G, Stern N, Zeltser D, Shapira I, Berliner S, Rogowski O, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S. Total serum cholinesterase activity predicts hemodynamic changes during exercise and associates with cardiac troponin detection in a sex-dependent manner. Mol Med 2018; 24:63. [PMID: 30563468 PMCID: PMC6299630 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalanced autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is associated with poor cardiovascular outcome. However, clinically validated biomarkers to assess parasympathetic function are not yet available. We sought to evaluate parasympathetic dysfunction by measuring serum cholinesterase activity and to determine its relationship to high sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) as well as traditional non-invasive parameters of ANS function during exercise in apparently healthy individuals. METHODS We enrolled 1526 individuals (mean age 49 ± 11 yr., 75% men) from the Tel Aviv Medical Center Inflammation Survey (TAMCIS). We used the acetylcholine (ACh) analog acetylthiocholine (ATCh) as a substrate that is hydrolyzed by both ACh degrading enzymes and reflects the total serum capacity for acetylcholine hydrolysis, referred to as cholinergic status (CS). All subjects performed a cardiac stress test reviewed on the spot by a cardiologist and multiple physiological and metabolic parameters including hs-cTnT were measured. RESULTS CS values at rest predicted multiple exercise-hemodynamic changes. Heart rate recovery after exercise was inversely correlated to CS values (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03 for women and men respectively), and a hypertensive reaction during exercise was associated with elevated CS levels in women. Most importantly, women with detectable hs-cTnT (> 5 ng/L) presented with elevated CS levels compared to women with undetectable levels; 1423 ± 272.5 vs 1347 ± 297.9 (p = 0.02). An opposite trend was observed in men. Metabolic dysfunction parameters were also associated with CS elevation in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Parasympathetic dysfunction assessed by total serum cholinesterase activity predicts hemodynamic changes during exercise. CS is also associated with hs-cTnT detection in women and inversely so in men. Future studies to assess the potential clinical use of this new sex-specific biomarker in cardiovascular disease risk stratification are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Y Brzezinski
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Fisher
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Noa Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Etti Zwang
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Gabi Shefer
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naftali Stern
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Zeltser
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Itzhak Shapira
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Shlomo Berliner
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Ori Rogowski
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty
- Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D" and "E", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel.
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15
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Peng ZL, Huang LW, Yin J, Zhang KN, Xiao K, Qing GZ. Association between early serum cholinesterase activity and 30-day mortality in sepsis-3 patients: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203128. [PMID: 30161257 PMCID: PMC6117034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low serum cholinesterase (SCHE) activity has been associated with poor prognoses in a variety of conditions, including sepsis. However, such an association has not been well characterized since the Third International Consensus Definitions Task Force modified the definition of sepsis to "life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection" (known as sepsis-3) in 2016. In the current retrospective cohort study, we examined whether 30-day mortality in sepsis-3 patients is associated with SCHE activity. A total of 166 sepsis-3 patients receiving treatment at an emergency intensive care unit (EICU) were included. The 30-day death rate was 33.1% (55/166). SCHE activity upon EICU admission was lower in nonsurvivors (3.3 vs. 4.5 KU/L in survivors, p = 0.0002). Subjects with low SCHE activity (defined as <4 KU/L) had higher 30-day mortality rates than subjects with normal SCHE activity (45.5%, 40/88 vs. 19.2%, 15/78; p<0.001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an association between 30-day mortality and lower SCHE activity after adjustments for relevant factors, such as acute multiple organ dysfunction. The odds ratio (OR) for every unit decrease in SCHE activity was 2.11 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.37-3.27; p = 0.0008). The area under the curve (AUC) of SCHE activity for predicting 30-day mortality was 0.67 (95% CI 0.59-0.74), and the AUC of lactate for predicting 30-day mortality was 0.64 (95% CI 0.57-0.70). Using a combination of SCHE and lactate, the AUC was 0.74 (95% CI 0.69-0.83). These data suggest that lower SCHE activity is an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality in sepsis-3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Liang Peng
- EICU, First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- * E-mail: (ZLP); (GZQ)
| | - Liang-Wei Huang
- EICU, First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Yin
- EICU, First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ke-Na Zhang
- EICU, First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- EICU, First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Qing
- EICU, First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- * E-mail: (ZLP); (GZQ)
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16
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Reduced serum cholinesterase activity indicates splenic modulation of the sterile inflammation. J Surg Res 2017; 220:275-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Rozenbaum Z, Arbel Y, Granot Y, Cohen D, Shmilovich H, Ziv-Baran T, Chorin E, Havakuk O, Cohen M, Berliner S, Topilsky Y, Aviram G. An association between volumes of the cardiac chambers and troponin levels in individuals submitted to cardiac coronary computed tomography. Clin Cardiol 2017; 40:879-885. [DOI: 10.1002/clc.22739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zach Rozenbaum
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yaron Arbel
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yoav Granot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Dotan Cohen
- Department of Radiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Haim Shmilovich
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ehud Chorin
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ofer Havakuk
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Merav Cohen
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Shlomo Berliner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yan Topilsky
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Galit Aviram
- Department of Radiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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18
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Serum Butyrylcholinesterase Activity: A Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease and Related Dementia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1524107. [PMID: 28840123 PMCID: PMC5559914 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1524107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aim to determine changes of serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity in PD patients and related dementia. Patients and Methods Consecutive PD patients and healthy controls were included and clinical data were collected. Fast serum BChE activity was determined and compared between healthy controls and PD patients. Independent risk factors were performed for BChE activity, PD, and related dementia. The relationship between BChE activity and disease severity was also evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained to explore serum BChE activity in distinguishing PD patients and related dementia. Results Serum BChE activity mainly independently correlated with gender, albumin, triglyceride, body mass index, and PD. Serum BChE activity decreased in PD patients compared with healthy controls. Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cut-off point was 6864.08 IU/L for distinguishing PD patients, and the sensitivity and specificity values were 61.8% and 72.1%. It inversely correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score. BChE activity decreased in PD-related dementia compared with those without dementia. The sensitivity and specificity values were 70.6% and 76.3%, respectively, with an optimal cut-off point of 6550.00 IU/L. Conclusions Serum BChE activity can be regarded as a biomarker for PD and related dementia.
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19
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Garfinkel BP, Arad S, Neuner SM, Netser S, Wagner S, Kaczorowski CC, Rosen CJ, Gal M, Soreq H, Orly J. HP1BP3 expression determines maternal behavior and offspring survival. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 15:678-88. [PMID: 27470444 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal care is an indispensable behavioral component necessary for survival and reproductive success in mammals, and postpartum maternal behavior is mediated by an incompletely understood complex interplay of signals including effects of epigenetic regulation. We approached this issue using our recently established mice with targeted deletion of heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3 (HP1BP3), which we found to be a novel epigenetic repressor with critical roles in postnatal growth. Here, we report a dramatic reduction in the survival of pups born to Hp1bp3(-/-) deficient mouse dams, which could be rescued by co-fostering with wild-type dams. Hp1bp3(-/-) females failed to retrieve both their own pups and foster pups in a pup retrieval test, and showed reduced anxiety-like behavior in the open-field and elevated-plus-maze tests. In contrast, Hp1bp3(-/-) females showed no deficits in behaviors often associated with impaired maternal care, including social behavior, depression, motor coordination and olfactory capability; and maintained unchanged anxiety-associated hallmarks such as cholinergic status and brain miRNA profiles. Collectively, our results suggest a novel role for HP1BP3 in regulating maternal and anxiety-related behavior in mice and call for exploring ways to manipulate this epigenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Garfinkel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - S Arad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Biomedical Sciences, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S M Neuner
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S Netser
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - S Wagner
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - C C Kaczorowski
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - C J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - M Gal
- Biomedical Sciences, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The IVF Unit - Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Orly
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Zivkovic AR, Bender J, Brenner T, Hofer S, Schmidt K. Reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity is an early indicator of trauma-induced acute systemic inflammatory response. J Inflamm Res 2016; 9:221-230. [PMID: 27920568 PMCID: PMC5123730 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s117590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Early diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome is fundamentally important for an effective and a goal-directed therapy. Various inflammation biomarkers have been used in clinical and experimental practice. However, a definitive diagnostic tool for an early detection of systemic inflammation remains to be identified. Acetylcholine (Ach) has been shown to play an important role in the inflammatory response. Serum cholinesterase (butyrylcholinesterase [BChE]) is the major Ach hydrolyzing enzyme in blood. The role of this enzyme during inflammation has not yet been fully understood. This study tests whether a reduction in the BChE activity could indicate the onset of the systemic inflammatory response upon traumatic injury. PATIENTS AND METHODS This observational study measured BChE activity in patients with traumatic injury admitted to the emergency room by using point-of-care-test system (POCT). In addition, the levels of routine inflammation biomarkers during the initial treatment period were measured. Injury Severity Score was used to assess the trauma severity. RESULTS Altered BChE activity was correlated with trauma severity, resulting in systemic inflammation. Reduction in the BChE activity was detected significantly earlier compared to those of routinely measured inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the BChE activity reduction might serve as an early indicator of acute systemic inflammation. Furthermore, BChE activity, measured using a POCT system, might play an important role in the early diagnosis of the trauma-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jochen Bender
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hofer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Gambardella C, Ferrando S, Gatti AM, Cataldi E, Ramoino P, Aluigi MG, Faimali M, Diaspro A, Falugi C. Review: Morphofunctional and biochemical markers of stress in sea urchin life stages exposed to engineered nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1552-1562. [PMID: 26031494 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the use of different life stages of the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus for the assessment of the possible risk posed by nanoparticles (NPs) in the coastal water. A first screening for the presence of NPs in sea water may be obtained by checking their presence inside tissues of organisms taken from the wild. The ability of NPs to pass from gut to the coelomic fluid is demonstrated by accumulation in sea urchin coelomocytes; the toxicity on sperms can be measured by embryotoxicity markers after sperm exposure, whereas the transfer through the food chain can be observed by developmental anomalies in larvae fed with microalgae exposed to NPs. The most used spermiotoxicity and embryotoxicity tests are described, as well as the biochemical and histochemical analyses of cholinesterase (ChE) activities, which are used to verify toxicity parameters such as inflammation, neurotoxicity, and interference in cell-to-cell communication. Morphological markers of toxicity, in particular skeletal anomalies, are described and classified. In addition, NPs may impair viability of the immune cells of adult specimens. Molecular similarity between echinoderm and human immune cells is shown and discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1552-1562, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council (CNR), Genova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Faimali
- Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council (CNR), Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISVA), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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22
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Gremmel T, Wadowski PP, Mueller M, Kopp CW, Koppensteiner R, Panzer S. Serum Cholinesterase Levels Are Associated With 2-Year Ischemic Outcomes After Angioplasty and Stenting for Peripheral Artery Disease. J Endovasc Ther 2016; 23:738-43. [PMID: 27328913 DOI: 10.1177/1526602816655521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively investigate the associations of serum cholinesterase (CHE) levels with ischemic outcomes after angioplasty and stenting for lower limb peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS A prospective cohort study enrolled 108 patients with Rutherford category 2-3 ischemia who had successful primary unilateral angioplasty and self-expanding bare metal stent implantation for superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenosis. The primary endpoint was a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke or transient ischemic attack, cardiovascular death, or >80% target lesion restenosis within 2 years after peripheral angioplasty. Target lesion restenosis (restenosis endpoint) and the composite of the aforementioned atherothrombotic events (atherothrombotic endpoint) within 2-year follow-up were defined as secondary endpoints. RESULTS CHE levels were not available in 4 patients due to technical problems and 4 patients were lost to follow-up. The remaining 100 patients (median age 65 years; 62 men) met the minimum sample size requirement for statistical analysis. Median CHE levels were significantly lower in patients who subsequently experienced the primary endpoint compared with patients without ischemic events [7.1 (IQR 6.3-8.1) vs 8 (IQR 7-9.3) kU/L, p=0.007]. A CHE level <8.3 kU/L was identified as the best cutoff value to predict the primary endpoint, providing an 82.1% sensitivity and 44.3% specificity. The primary endpoint occurred significantly more often in patients with low CHE <8.3 kU/L than in patients with higher CHE levels (32 vs 7 patients, p=0.01). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, low CHE was associated with a 2.6-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.1 to 5.9, p=0.03) of the primary endpoint. Moreover, patients who suffered the secondary restenosis endpoint had significantly lower median CHE levels than patients without restenosis [7.1 (IQR 6.3-8.2) vs 7.9 (IQR 7-8.9) kU/L, p=0.02], and restenosis occurred more frequently in patients with low CHE compared with those with higher CHE levels (27 vs 7 patients, p=0.04). CONCLUSION Low CHE is associated with an increased risk of long-term adverse ischemic events following SFA angioplasty with stent implantation for PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gremmel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia P Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mueller
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph W Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Panzer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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23
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Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Toker S, Shapira I, Rogowski O, Berliner S, Ritov Y, Soreq H. Weakened Cholinergic Blockade of Inflammation Associates with Diabetes-Related Depression. Mol Med 2016; 22:156-161. [PMID: 27257683 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates association of depression with both immune malfunctioning and worsened course of diverse aging-related diseases, but there is no explanation for the pathway(s) controlling this dual association. Here, we report that in post-reproductive and evolutionarily -blind" years, depression may weaken pathogen-host defense, compatible with the antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis. In 15,532 healthy volunteers, depression scores associated with both inflammatory parameters and with increased circulation cholinesterase activities, implicating debilitated cholinergic blockade of inflammation as an underlying mechanism; furthermore, depression, inflammation and cholinesterase activities all increased with aging. In the entire cohort, combined increases in inflammation and the diabetic biomarker hemoglobin A1c associated with elevated depression. Moreover, metabolic syndrome patients with higher risk of diabetes showed increased cholinesterase levels and pulse values, and diabetic patients presented simultaneous increases in depression, inflammation and circulation cholinesterase activities, suggesting that cholinergic impairment precedes depression. Our findings indicate that dysfunctioning cholinergic regulation weakens the otherwise protective link between depression and pathogen-host defense, with global implications for aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Toker
- Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Itzhak Shapira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Rogowski
- Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | - Yaacov Ritov
- Department of Statistics and the Center for Rationality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Lykhmus O, Mishra N, Koval L, Kalashnyk O, Gergalova G, Uspenska K, Komisarenko S, Soreq H, Skok M. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating LPS-Induced Inflammation in the Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:19. [PMID: 27013966 PMCID: PMC4781876 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation, one of the pathogenic causes of neurodegenerative diseases, is regulated through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). We previously showed that either bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or immunization with the α7(1-208) nAChR fragment decrease α7 nAChRs density in the mouse brain, exacerbating chronic inflammation, beta-amyloid accumulation and episodic memory decline, which mimic the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To study the molecular mechanisms underlying the LPS and antibody effects in the brain, we employed an in vivo model of acute LPS-induced inflammation and an in vitro model of cultured glioblastoma U373 cells. Here, we report that LPS challenge decreased the levels of α7 nAChR RNA and protein and of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) RNA and activity in distinct mouse brain regions, sensitized brain mitochondria to the apoptogenic effect of Ca(2+) and modified brain microRNA profiles, including the cholinergic-regulatory CholinomiRs-132/212, in favor of anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic ones. Adding α7(1-208)-specific antibodies to the LPS challenge prevented elevation of both the anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic miRNAs while supporting the resistance of brain mitochondria to Ca(2+) and maintaining α7 nAChR/AChE decreases. In U373 cells, α7-specific antibodies and LPS both stimulated interleukin-6 production through the p38/Src-dependent pathway. Our findings demonstrate that acute LPS-induced inflammation induces the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the brain, that α7 nAChR down-regulation limits this pathway, and that α7-specific antibodies aggravate neuroinflammation by inducing the pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 and dampening anti-inflammatory miRNAs; however, these antibodies may protect brain mitochondria and decrease the levels of pro-apoptotic miRNAs, preventing LPS-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lykhmus
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nibha Mishra
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
| | - Lyudmyla Koval
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kalashnyk
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Gergalova
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Uspenska
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serghiy Komisarenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
| | - Maryna Skok
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, O. V. Palladin Institute of BiochemistryKyiv, Ukraine
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Physiological roles for butyrylcholinesterase: A BChE-ghrelin axis. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:271-275. [PMID: 26915976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) has long been regarded as an "orphan enzyme" with no specific physiological role other than to metabolize exogenous bioactive esters in the diet or in medicines. Human beings with genetic mutations that eliminate all BChE activity appear completely normal, and BChE-knockout mice have been described as "lacking a phenotype" except for faster weight gain on high-fat diets. However, our recent studies with viral gene transfer of BChE in mice reveal that BChE hydrolyzes the so-called "hunger hormone," ghrelin, at a rate which strongly affects the circulating levels of this peptide hormone. This action has important consequences for weight gain and fat metabolism. Surprisingly, it also impacts emotional behaviors such as aggression. Overexpression of BChE leads to low ghrelin levels in the blood stream and reduces aggression and social stress in mice. Under certain circumstances these combined effects contribute to increased life-span in group-housed animals. These findings may generalize to humans, as recent clinical studies by multiple investigators indicate that, among patients with severe cardiovascular disease, longevity correlates with increasing levels of plasma BChE activity.
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Castillo-González AC, Nieto-Cerón S, Pelegrín-Hernández JP, Montenegro MF, Noguera JA, López-Moreno MF, Rodríguez-López JN, Vidal CJ, Hellín-Meseguer D, Cabezas-Herrera J. Dysregulated cholinergic network as a novel biomarker of poor prognostic in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:385. [PMID: 25956553 PMCID: PMC4435806 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In airways, a proliferative effect is played directly by cholinergic agonists through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors activation. How tumors respond to aberrantly activated cholinergic signalling is a key question in smoking-related cancer. This research was addressed to explore a possible link of cholinergic signalling changes with cancer biology. METHODS Fifty-seven paired pieces of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) were compared for their mRNA levels for ACh-related proteins and ACh-hydrolyzing activity. RESULTS The measurement in ANCT of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities (5.416 ± 0.501 mU/mg protein and 6.350 ± 0.599 mU/mg protein, respectively) demonstrated that upper respiratory tract is capable of controlling the availability of ACh. In HNSCC, AChE and BChE activities dropped to 3.584 ± 0.599 mU/mg protein (p = 0.002) and 3.965 ± 0.423 mU/mg protein (p < 0.001). Moreover, tumours with low AChE activity and high BChE activity were associated with shorter patient overall survival. ANCT and HNSCC differed in mRNA levels for AChE-T, α3, α5, α9 and β2 for nAChR subunits. Tobacco exposure had a great impact on the expression of both AChE-H and AChE-T mRNAs. Unaffected and cancerous pieces contained principal AChE dimers and BChE tetramers. The lack of nerve-born PRiMA-linked AChE agreed with pathological findings on nerve terminal remodelling and loss in HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the low AChE activity in HNSCC can be used to predict survival in patients with head and neck cancer. So, the ChE activity level can be used as a reliable prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Castillo-González
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - Susana Nieto-Cerón
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - Juan Pablo Pelegrín-Hernández
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - María Fernanda Montenegro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Noguera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - María Fuensanta López-Moreno
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - José Neptuno Rodríguez-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Cecilio J Vidal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Diego Hellín-Meseguer
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgical Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
| | - Juan Cabezas-Herrera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n, El Palmar, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
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Trimetazidine protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury through ameliorates calcium homeostasis. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 236:47-56. [PMID: 25937560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)i) overload induced by chronic hypoxia alters Ca(2+)i homeostasis, which plays an important role on mediating myocardial injury. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with trimetazidine (TMZ) would improve Ca(2+)i handling in hypoxic myocardial injury. Cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chronic hypoxia (1% O2, 5% CO2, 37 °C). Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) was measured with Fura-2/AM. Perfusion of cardiomyocytes with a high concentration of caffeine (10 mM) was carried out to verify the function of the cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) and the activity of sarco(endo)-plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a). For TMZ-treated cardiomyocytes exposured in hypoxia, we observed a decrease in mRNA expression of proapoptotic Bax, caspase-3 activation and enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy were also alleviated in hypoxic cardiomyocyte treated with TMZ. Moreover, we found that TMZ treatment cardiomyocytes enhanced "metabolic shift" from lipid oxidation to glucose oxidation. Compared with hypoxic cardiomyocyte, the diastolic [Ca(2+)]i was decreased, the amplitude of Ca(2+)i oscillations and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load were recovered, the activities of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), NCX and SERCA2a were increased in cardiomyocytes treated with TMZ. TMZ attenuated abnormal changes of RyR2 and SERCA2a genes in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. In addition, cholinergic signaling are involved in hypoxic stress and the cardioprotective effects of TMZ. These results suggest that TMZ ameliorates Ca(2+)i homeostasis through switch of lipid to glucose metabolism, thereby producing the cardioprotective effect and reduction in hypoxic cardiomyocytes damage.
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Reduced serum butyrylcholinesterase activity indicates severe systemic inflammation in critically ill patients. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:274607. [PMID: 25762852 PMCID: PMC4339712 DOI: 10.1155/2015/274607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is an immune response to a nonspecific insult of either infectious or noninfectious origin and remains a challenge in the intensive care units with high mortality rate. Cholinergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response during inflammation. We hypothesized that the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) might serve as a marker to identify and prognose systemic inflammation. By using a point-of-care-testing (POCT) approach we measured BChE activity in patients with severe systemic inflammation and healthy volunteers. We observed a decreased BChE activity in patients with systemic inflammation, as compared to that of healthy individuals. Furthermore, BChE activity showed an inverse correlation with the severity of the disease. Although hepatic function has previously been found essential for BChE production, we show here that the reduced BChE activity associated with systemic inflammation occurs independently of and is thus not caused by any deficit in liver function in these patients. A POCT approach, used to assess butyrylcholinesterase activity, might further improve the therapy of the critically ill patients by minimizing time delays between the clinical assessment and treatment of the inflammatory process. Hence, assessing butyrylcholinesterase activity might help in early detection of inflammation.
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Abstract
Ongoing mouse studies of a proposed therapy for cocaine abuse based on viral gene transfer of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) mutated for accelerated cocaine hydrolysis have yielded surprising effects on aggression. Further investigation has linked these effects to a reduction in circulating ghrelin, driven by BChE at levels ∼ 100-fold above normal. Tests with human BChE showed ready ghrelin hydrolysis at physiologic concentrations, and multiple low-mass molecular dynamics simulations revealed that ghrelin's first five residues fit sterically and electrostatically into BChE's active site. Consistent with in vitro results, male BALB/c mice with high plasma BChE after gene transfer exhibited sharply reduced plasma ghrelin. Unexpectedly, such animals fought less, both spontaneously and in a resident/intruder provocation model. One mutant BChE was found to be deficient in ghrelin hydrolysis. BALB/c mice transduced with this variant retained normal plasma ghrelin levels and did not differ from untreated controls in the aggression model. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice with BChE gene deletion exhibited increased ghrelin and fought more readily than wild-type animals. Collectively, these findings indicate that BChE-catalyzed ghrelin hydrolysis influences mouse aggression and social stress, with potential implications for humans.
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Fear and C-reactive protein cosynergize annual pulse increases in healthy adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 112:E467-71. [PMID: 25535364 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418264112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent international terror outbreaks notably involve long-term mental health risks to the exposed population, but whether physical health risks are also anticipated has remained unknown. Here, we report fear of terror-induced annual increases in resting heart rate (pulse), a notable risk factor of all-cause mortality. Partial least squares analysis based on 325 measured parameters successfully predicted annual pulse increases, inverse to the expected age-related pulse decline, in approximately 4.1% of a cohort of 17,380 apparently healthy active Israeli adults. Nonbiased hierarchical regression analysis among 27 of those parameters identified pertinent fear of terror combined with the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein as prominent coregulators of the observed annual pulse increases. In comparison, basal pulse primarily depended on general physiological parameters and reduced cholinergic control over anxiety and inflammation, together indicating that consistent exposure to terror threats ignites fear-induced exacerbation of preexisting neuro-immune risks of all-cause mortality.
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Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and long-term survival in patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Thromb Res 2014; 134:976-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arbel Y, Shacham Y, Ziv-Baran T, Laufer Perl M, Finkelstein A, Halkin A, Revivo M, Milwidsky A, Berliner S, Herz I, Keren G, Banai S. Higher Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio Is Related to Lower Ejection Fraction and Higher Long-term All-Cause Mortality in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:1177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Nadorp B, Soreq H. Predicted overlapping microRNA regulators of acetylcholine packaging and degradation in neuroinflammation-related disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:9. [PMID: 24574962 PMCID: PMC3918661 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can notably control many targets each and regulate entire cellular pathways, but whether miRNAs can regulate complete neurotransmission processes is largely unknown. Here, we report that miRNAs with complementary sequence motifs to the key genes involved in acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis and/or packaging show massive overlap with those regulating ACh degradation. To address this topic, we first searched for miRNAs that could target the 3′-untranslated regions of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene that controls ACh synthesis; the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), encoded from an intron in the ChAT gene and the ACh hydrolyzing genes acetyl- and/or butyrylcholinesterase (AChE, BChE). Intriguingly, we found that many of the miRNAs targeting these genes are primate-specific, and that changes in their levels associate with inflammation, anxiety, brain damage, cardiac, neurodegenerative, or pain-related syndromes. To validate the in vivo relevance of this dual interaction, we selected the evolutionarily conserved miR-186, which targets both the stress-inducible soluble “readthrough” variant AChE-R and the major peripheral cholinesterase BChE. We exposed mice to predator scent stress and searched for potential associations between consequent changes in their miR-186, AChE-R, and BChE levels. Both intestinal miR-186 as well as BChE and AChE-R activities were conspicuously elevated 1 week post-exposure, highlighting the previously unknown involvement of miR-186 and BChE in psychological stress responses. Overlapping miRNA regulation emerges from our findings as a recently evolved surveillance mechanism over cholinergic neurotransmission in health and disease; and the corresponding miRNA details and disease relevance may serve as a useful resource for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying this surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Nadorp
- Department of Biological Chemistry and the Center for Bioengineering, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- Department of Biological Chemistry and the Center for Bioengineering, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
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