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Sigalas PP, Shewry PR, Riche A, Wingen L, Feng C, Siluveru A, Chayut N, Burridge A, Uauy C, Castle M, Parmar S, Philp C, Steele D, Orford S, Leverington-Waite M, Cheng S, Griffiths S, Hawkesford MJ. Improving wheat grain composition for human health by constructing a QTL atlas for essential minerals. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1001. [PMID: 39147896 PMCID: PMC11327371 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat is an important source of minerals for human nutrition and increasing grain mineral content can contribute to reducing mineral deficiencies. Here, we identify QTLs for mineral micronutrients in grain of wheat by determining the contents of six minerals in a total of eleven sample sets of three biparental populations from crosses between A.E. Watkins landraces and cv. Paragon. Twenty-three of the QTLs are mapped in two or more sample sets, with LOD scores above five in at least one set with the increasing alleles for sixteen of the QTLs being present in the landraces and seven in Paragon. Of these QTLs, the number for each mineral varies between three and five and they are located on 14 of the 21 chromosomes, with clusters on chromosomes 5A (four), 6A (three), and 7A (three). The gene content within 5 megabases of DNA on either side of the marker for the QTL with the highest LOD score is determined and the gene responsible for the strongest QTL (chromosome 5A for Ca) identified as an ATPase transporter gene (TraesCS5A02G543300) using mutagenesis. The identification of these QTLs, together with associated SNP markers and candidate genes, will facilitate the improvement of grain nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R Shewry
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Andrew Riche
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Luzie Wingen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cong Feng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | | | - Noam Chayut
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Amanda Burridge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | | | - March Castle
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Saroj Parmar
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - David Steele
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Simon Orford
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Shifeng Cheng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
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Ram S, Malik VK, Gupta V, Narwal S, Sirohi M, Ankush, Pandey V, Gupta OP, Misra AK, Singh G. Impact of foliar application of iron and zinc fertilizers on grain iron, zinc, and protein contents in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Nutr 2024; 11:1378937. [PMID: 38807641 PMCID: PMC11130500 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1378937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), are prevalent in a large part of the human population across the world, especially in children below 5 years of age and pregnant women in developing countries. Since wheat constitutes a significant proportion of the human diet, improving grain Fe and Zn content in wheat has become important in improving human health. Objective This study aimed to quantify the effect of foliar application of iron sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) and zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) and their combination on grain Fe and Zn concentrations, as well as grain protein content (GPC). The study also aimed to assess the utility of these applications in large field conditions. Methods To address this issue, field experiments were conducted using 10 wheat cultivars and applying a foliar spray of FeSO4.7H2O (0.25%) and ZnSO4.7H2O (0.50%) separately (@400 L of solution in water per hectare during each spray) and in combination at two different crop growth stages (flowering and milking) for three consecutive crop seasons (2017-2020). The study used a split-plot design with two replications to assess the impact of foliar application on GFeC, GZnC, and GPC. In addition, an experiment was also conducted to assess the effect of soil (basal) @ 25 kg/ha ZnSO4, foliar @ 2 kg/ha, ZnSO4.7H2O (0.50%), and the combination of basal + foliar application of ZnSO4 on the grain micronutrient content of wheat cultivar WB 02 under large field conditions. Results GFeC increased by 5.1, 6.1, and 5.9% with foliar applications of FeSO4, ZnSO4, and their combination, respectively. GZnC increased by 5.2, 39.6, and 43.8% with foliar applications of FeSO4, ZnSO4, and their combination, respectively. DBW 173 recorded the highest increase in GZnC at 56.9% with the combined foliar application of FeSO4 and ZnSO4, followed closely by HPBW 01 at 53.0% with the ZnSO4 foliar application, compared to the control. The GPC increased by 6.8, 4.9, and 3.3% with foliar applications of FeSO4, ZnSO4, and their combination, respectively. Large-plot experiments also exhibited a significant positive effect of ZnSO4 not only on grain Zn (40.3%, p ≤ 0.001) and protein content (p ≤ 0.05) but also on grain yield (p ≤ 0.05) and hectoliter weight (p ≤ 0.01), indicating the suitability of the technology in large field conditions. Conclusion Cultivars exhibited a slight increase in GFeC with solitary foliar applications of FeSO4, ZnSO4, and their combination. In contrast, a significant increase in GZnC was observed with the foliar application of ZnSO4 and the combined application of FeSO4 and ZnSO4. In terms of GPC, the most significant enhancement occurred with the foliar application of FeSO4, followed by ZnSO4 and their combination. Data demonstrated the significant effect of foliar application of ZnSO4 on enhancing GZnC by 39.6%. Large plot experiments also exhibited an increase of 40.3% in GZnC through the foliar application of ZnSO4, indicating the effectiveness of the technology to be adopted in the farmer's field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewa Ram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Malik
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sneh Narwal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Sirohi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ankush
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vanita Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Om Prakash Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | | | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Koua AP, Siddiqui MN, Heß K, Klag N, Kambona CM, Duarte-Delgado D, Oyiga BC, Léon J, Ballvora A. Genome-wide dissection and haplotype analysis identified candidate loci for nitrogen use efficiency under drought conditions in winter wheat. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20394. [PMID: 37880495 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change causes extreme conditions like prolonged drought, which results in yield reductions due to its effects on nutrient balances such as nitrogen uptake and utilization by plants. Nitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient element for plant growth and productivity. Understanding the mechanistic basis of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under drought conditions is essential to improve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Here, we evaluated the genetic variation of NUE-related traits and photosynthesis response in a diversity panel of 200 wheat genotypes under drought and nitrogen stress conditions to uncover the inherent genetic variation and identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying these traits. The results revealed significant genetic variations among the genotypes in response to drought stress and nitrogen deprivation. Drought impacted plant performance more than N deprivation due to its effect on water and nutrient uptake. GWAS identified a total of 27 QTLs with a significant main effect on the drought-related traits, while 10 QTLs were strongly associated with the NUE traits. Haplotype analysis revealed two different haplotype blocks within the associated region on chromosomes 1B and 5A. The two haplotypes showed contrasting effects on N uptake and use efficiency traits. The in silico and transcript analyses implicated candidate gene coding for cold shock protein. This gene was the most highly expressed gene under several stress conditions, including drought stress. Upon validation, these QTLs on 1B and 5A could be used as a diagnostic marker for NUE and drought tolerance screening in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahossi Patrice Koua
- INRES Pflanzenzüchtung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Md Nurealam Siddiqui
- INRES Pflanzenzüchtung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Katrin Heß
- INRES Pflanzenzüchtung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikko Klag
- INRES Pflanzenzüchtung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jens Léon
- INRES Pflanzenzüchtung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, University of Bonn, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- INRES Pflanzenzüchtung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
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Debnath S, Dey A, Khanam R, Saha S, Sarkar D, Saha JK, Coumar MV, Patra BC, Biswas T, Ray M, Radhika MS, Mandal B. Historical shifting in grain mineral density of landmark rice and wheat cultivars released over the past 50 years in India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21164. [PMID: 38036556 PMCID: PMC10689764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'Green Revolution (GR)' has been successful in meeting food sufficiency in India, but compromising its nutritional security. In a first, we report altered grain nutrients profile of modern-bred rice and wheat cultivars diminishing their mineral dietary significance to the Indian population. To substantiate, we evaluated grain nutrients profile of historical landmark high-yielding cultivars of rice and wheat released in succeeding decades since the GR and its impacts on mineral diet quality and human health, with a prediction for decades ahead. Analysis of grain nutrients profile shows a downward trend in concentrations of essential and beneficial elements, but an upward in toxic elements in past 50 y in both rice and wheat. For example, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentration in grains of rice decreased by ~ 33.0 (P < 0.001) and 27.0% (P < 0.0001); while for wheat it decreased by ~ 30.0 (P < 0.0001) and 19.0% (P < 0.0001) in past more than 50 y, respectively. A proposed mineral-diet quality index (M-DQI) significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased ~ 57.0 and 36.0% in the reported time span (1960-2010) in rice and wheat, respectively. The impoverished M-DQI could impose hostile effects on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like iron-deficiency anemia, respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal among the Indian population by 2040. Our research calls for an urgency of grain nutrients profiling before releasing a cultivar of staples like rice and wheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovan Debnath
- Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Regional Station Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263 138, India
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India
| | - Ahana Dey
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
| | - Rubina Khanam
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - Susmit Saha
- College of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Burdwan Sadar, West Bengal, 713 101, India
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
| | - Jayanta K Saha
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
| | - Mounissamy V Coumar
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
| | - Bhaskar C Patra
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - Tufleuddin Biswas
- Department of Agricultural Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 761 211, India
| | - Mrinmoy Ray
- Division of Forecasting and Agricultural Systems Modeling, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Madhari S Radhika
- Department of Dietetics, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Biswapati Mandal
- Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India.
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India.
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5
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Caldelas C, Rezzouk FZ, Aparicio Gutiérrez N, Diez–Fraile MC, Araus Ortega JL. Interaction of genotype, water availability, and nitrogen fertilization on the mineral content of wheat grain. Food Chem 2023; 404:134565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Halder J, Gill HS, Zhang J, Altameemi R, Olson E, Turnipseed B, Sehgal SK. Genome-wide association analysis of spike and kernel traits in the U.S. hard winter wheat. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20300. [PMID: 36636831 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the genetic control of spike and kernel traits that have higher heritability can help in the development of high-yielding wheat varieties. Here, we identified the marker-trait associations (MTAs) for various spike- and kernel-related traits in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). An association mapping panel comprising 297 hard winter wheat accessions from the U.S. Great Plains was evaluated for eight spike- and kernel-related traits in three different environments. A GWAS using 15,590 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified a total of 53 MTAs for seven spike- and kernel-related traits, where the highest number of MTAs were identified for spike length (16) followed by the number of spikelets per spike (15) and spikelet density (11). Out of 53 MTAs, 14 were considered to represent stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) as they were identified in multiple environments. Five multi-trait MTAs were identified for various traits including the number of spikelets per spike (NSPS), spikelet density (SD), kernel width (KW), and kernel area (KA) that could facilitate the pyramiding of yield-contributing traits. Further, a significant additive effect of accumulated favorable alleles on the phenotype of four spike-related traits suggested that breeding lines and cultivars with a higher number of favorable alleles could be a valuable resource for breeders to improve yield-related traits. This study improves the understanding of the genetic basis of yield-related traits in hard winter wheat and provides reliable molecular markers that will facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Halder
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Harsimardeep S Gill
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Rami Altameemi
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Eric Olson
- Dep. of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Brent Turnipseed
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Sunish K Sehgal
- Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
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Trade-offs in the genetic control of functional and nutritional quality traits in UK winter wheat. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:420-433. [PMID: 35393550 PMCID: PMC9178040 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex network of trade-offs exists between wheat quality and nutritional traits. We investigated the correlated relationships among several milling and baking traits as well as mineral density in refined white and whole grain flour. Our aim was to determine their pleiotropic genetic control in a multi-parent population over two trial years with direct application to practical breeding. Co-location of major quantitative trait loci (QTL) and principal component based multi-trait QTL mapping increased the power to detect QTL and revealed pleiotropic effects explaining many complementary and antagonistic trait relationships. High molecular weight glutenin subunit genes explained much of the heritable variation in important dough rheology traits, although additional QTL were detected. Several QTL, including one linked to the TaGW2 gene, controlled grain size and increased flour extraction rate. The semi-dwarf Rht-D1b allele had a positive effect on Hagberg falling number, but reduced grain size, specific weight, grain protein content and flour water absorption. Mineral nutrient concentrations were lower in Rht-D1b lines for many elements, in wholemeal and white flour, but potassium concentration was higher in Rht-D1b lines. The presence of awns increased calcium content without decreasing extraction rate, despite the negative correlation between these traits. QTL were also found that affect the relative concentrations of key mineral nutrients compared to phosphorus which may help increase bioavailability without associated anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid. Taken together these results demonstrate the potential for marker-based selection to optimise trait trade-offs and enhance wheat nutritional value by considering pleiotropic genetic effects across multiple traits.
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Katz A, Byrne P, Reid S, Bratschun S, Haley S, Pearce S. Identification and validation of a QTL for spikelet number on chromosome arm 6BL of common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:17. [PMID: 37309457 PMCID: PMC10248590 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To provide food security for a growing world population, it will be necessary to increase yields of staple crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Yield is a complex, polygenic trait influenced by grain weight and number, which are negatively correlated with one another. Spikelet number is an important determinant of grain number, but allelic variants impacting its expression are often associated with heading date, constraining their use in wheat germplasm that must be adapted for specific environments. Identification and characterization of genetic variants affecting spikelet number will increase selection efficiency through their deployment in breeding programs. In this study, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome arm 6BL for spikelet number was identified and validated using an association mapping panel, a recombinant inbred line population, and seven derived heterogeneous inbred families. The superior allele, QSn.csu-6Bb, was associated with an increase of 0.248 to 0.808 spikelets per spike across multiple environments that varied for mean spikelet number. Despite epistatic interactions between QSn.csu-6B and three other loci (WAPO-A1, VRN-D3, and PPD-B1), genotypes with a greater number of superior alleles at these loci consistently exhibit higher spikelet number. The frequency of superior alleles at these loci varies among winter wheat varieties adapted to different latitudes of the US Great Plains, revealing opportunities for breeders to select for increased spikelet number using simple molecular markers. This work lays the foundation for the positional cloning of the genetic variant underlying the QSn.csu-6B QTL to strengthen our understanding of spikelet number determination in wheat. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01288-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Katz
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Patrick Byrne
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Scott Reid
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Sarah Bratschun
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Scott Haley
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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Hao B, Ma J, Si L, Jiang L, Wang X, Yao C, Ma S, Li C, Gao Z, Wang Z. Did Wheat Breeding Simultaneously Alter Grain Concentrations of Macro- and Micro-Nutrient Over the Past 80 Years of Cultivar Releasing in China? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872781. [PMID: 35432423 PMCID: PMC9009353 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification of wheat with mineral through crop breeding is a sustainable and cost-effective approach to address human mineral malnutrition. A better understanding of the trends of grain concentrations of mineral nutrients in wheat over the breeding period may help to assess the breeding progress to date. A 2-year field experiment using 138 Chinese wheat landraces and 154 cultivars was conducted. Grain concentrations of micronutrients (Cu and Mn) and macronutrients (N, P, and K) were measured and corrected for a yield level to elucidate the trends of these mineral nutrients over the 80 years of cultivar releasing and identify genetic variation for these mineral nutrients in cultivars and landraces. Large genetic variation exists for grain mineral nutrients concentrations among tested genotypes, indicating that selection for enhancing mineral nutrient concentrations in wheat is possible. Landraces showed a slightly wide genetic variation of grain Cu concentration and a much narrow variation of Mn concentration when compared to modern cultivars. Grain concentrations of Cu and Mn decreased slightly with increasing grain yield with a weak correlation, while N, P, and K concentrations declined obviously with increasing yield with a strong correlation, revealing that increased grain yield had a strong negative effect on grain concentration of macronutrients, but a relative weak negative effect on micronutrients concentrations. When considering the impact of the variation in yield on mineral concentrations, grain concentrations of Cu, Mn, N, P, and K in wheat cultivars released from 1933 to 2017 exhibited different trends with a year of variety release. Grain Cu, N, and P concentrations showed significant decreasing trends over a breeding period, while grain Mn and K concentrations showed no clear trend, suggesting wheat breeding in China over the past 80 years has decreased grain concentrations of Cu, N, and P, and did not alter Mn and K concentrations. Finally, a total of 14 outstanding accessions with high grain mineral nutrients concentrations/contents were identified, and these genotypes can be considered as promising donors for developing mineral-dense wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Hao
- School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingli Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luyao Si
- School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lina Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chong Yao
- School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chunxi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Lončarić Z, Ivezić V, Kerovec D, Rebekić A. Foliar Zinc-Selenium and Nitrogen Fertilization Affects Content of Zn, Fe, Se, P, and Cd in Wheat Grain. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1549. [PMID: 34451591 PMCID: PMC8401207 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The grain yield and concentrations of Fe, Zn, Se, Cd, and P in two winter wheat genotypes and in vitro bioaccessibility of Fe and Zn under the effect of different nitrogen fertilization and Zn-Se foliar application were evaluated. The total grain Fe, Zn, and Se concentrations, as well as Fe and Zn concentrations, after in vitro digestion were under the strongest effect of foliar Zn-Se application. On the other hand, Fe and Zn bioaccessibility (%) were under the most substantial effect of genotype. Regarding the need to increase concentrations of essential micronutrients in wheat grain, foliar Zn-Se application is a reliable and accepted agricultural practice, but to improve mineral bioaccessibility in human nutrition, foliar Zn-Se application should be combined with the most responsive genotypes. For this reason, further research on the genotype specificity of wheat regarding micronutrient bioaccessibility should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenko Lončarić
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Z.L.); (V.I.)
- Centre for Applied Life Sciences Healthy Food Chain Ltd., Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Ivezić
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Z.L.); (V.I.)
| | - Darko Kerovec
- Central Laboratory for Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Andrijana Rebekić
- Department for Plant Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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11
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AlTameemi R, Gill HS, Ali S, Ayana G, Halder J, Sidhu JS, Gill US, Turnipseed B, Hernandez JLG, Sehgal SK. Genome-wide association analysis permits characterization of Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) resistance in hard winter wheat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12570. [PMID: 34131169 PMCID: PMC8206080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) is an economically important wheat disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum. SNB resistance in wheat is controlled by several quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Thus, identifying novel resistance/susceptibility QTLs is crucial for continuous improvement of the SNB resistance. Here, the hard winter wheat association mapping panel (HWWAMP) comprising accessions from breeding programs in the Great Plains region of the US, was evaluated for SNB resistance and necrotrophic effectors (NEs) sensitivity at the seedling stage. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with SNB resistance and effectors sensitivity. We found seven significant associations for SNB resistance/susceptibility distributed over chromosomes 1B, 2AL, 2DS, 4AL, 5BL, 6BS, and 7AL. Two new QTLs for SNB resistance/susceptibility at the seedling stage were identified on chromosomes 6BS and 7AL, whereas five QTLs previously reported in diverse germplasms were validated. Allele stacking analysis at seven QTLs explained the additive and complex nature of SNB resistance. We identified accessions (‘Pioneer-2180’ and ‘Shocker’) with favorable alleles at five of the seven identified loci, exhibiting a high level of resistance against SNB. Further, GWAS for sensitivity to NEs uncovered significant associations for SnToxA and SnTox3, co-locating with previously identified host sensitivity genes (Tsn1 and Snn3). Candidate region analysis for SNB resistance revealed 35 genes of putative interest with plant defense response-related functions. The QTLs identified and validated in this study could be easily employed in breeding programs using the associated markers to enhance the SNB resistance in hard winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami AlTameemi
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Harsimardeep S Gill
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Girma Ayana
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Jyotirmoy Halder
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Jagdeep S Sidhu
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Upinder S Gill
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Brent Turnipseed
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Jose L Gonzalez Hernandez
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Sunish K Sehgal
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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12
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Corrado G, De Micco V, Lucini L, Miras-Moreno B, Senizza B, Zengin G, El-Nakhel C, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Isosmotic Macrocation Variation Modulates Mineral Efficiency, Morpho-Physiological Traits, and Functional Properties in Hydroponically Grown Lettuce Varieties ( Lactuca sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678799. [PMID: 34149779 PMCID: PMC8212932 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The management of mineral elements in agriculture is important for their nutritional role for plants and dietary value for humans, sparking interest in strategies that can increase mineral use efficiency and accumulation in plant food. In this work, we evaluated the effects of the isosmotic variations of the concentration on three macrocations (K, Ca, and Mg) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Our aim was to improve the nutritional components of this valuable dietary source of minerals. Using a full factorial design, we analyzed mineral utilization efficiency (UtE), leaf morphology, gas exchange parameters, phenolic profiles (through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight (UHPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometry), and enzymatic activities in two phytochemically diverse butterhead lettuce varieties (red or green). Plants were fed in hydroponics with three nutrient solutions (NSs) with different ratios of K, Ca, and Mg. The variation of these minerals in the edible product was associated with alterations of the morphology and physiology of the leaves, and of the quality and functional properties of lettuce, with a trade-off between total accumulation and mineral UtE. Moreover, in non-limiting conditions of nutrient availability, significant mineral interactions were also present. The flexibility of the plant response to the different ratios of macrocations, and the observed large intraspecific variation, were adequate to provide mineral-specific phytochemical profiles to the edible product. Specifically, the full-red lettuce provided more interesting results in regard to the compositional and functional attributes of the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Corrado
- Deparment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Veronica De Micco
- Deparment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Senizza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Deparment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Deparment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Deparment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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13
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Motta-Romero H, Niyongira F, Boehm JD, Rose DJ. Effects of foliar fungicide on yield, micronutrients, and cadmium in grains from historical and modern hard winter wheat genotypes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247809. [PMID: 33662021 PMCID: PMC7932086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant breeding and disease management practices have increased the grain yield of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adapted to the Great Plains of the United States during the last century. However, the effect of genetic gains for seed yield and the application of fungicide on the micronutrient and cadmium (Cd) concentration in wheat grains is still unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of fungicide application on the productivity and nutritional quality of wheat cultivars representing 80 years of plant breeding efforts. Field experiments were conducted over two crop years (2017 and 2018) with eighteen hard winter wheat genotypes released between 1933 and 2013 in the presence or absence of fungicide application. For each growing season, the treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with the fungicide levels (treated and untreated) as the whole plot treatments and the genotypes as split-plot treatments in triplicate. The effects on seed yield, grain protein concentration (GPC), micronutrients, phytic acid, and Cd in grains were measured. While the yield of wheat was found to increase at annualized rates of 26.5 and 13.0 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the presence and absence of fungicide (P < 0.001), respectively, GPC (-190 and -180 mg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.001), Fe (-35.0 and -44.0 μg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.05), and Zn (-68.0 and -57.0 μg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.01) significantly decreased during the period studied. In contrast to the other mineral elements, grain Cd significantly increased over time (0.4 μg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.01) in the absence of fungicide. The results from this study are of great concern, as many mineral elements essential for human nutrition have decreased over time while the toxic heavy metal, Cd, has increased, indicating modern wheats are becoming a better vector of dietary Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollman Motta-Romero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Ferdinand Niyongira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Boehm
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Devin J. Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, United States of America
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14
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Poudel R, Bhinderwala F, Morton M, Powers R, Rose DJ. Metabolic profiling of historical and modern wheat cultivars using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3080. [PMID: 33542370 PMCID: PMC7862595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine changes in the grain components between historical and modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, wholemeal flours from 19 wheat cultivars and 2 landraces released or introduced between 1870 and 2013 and grown over two crop years were extracted using hydroalcoholic solution and analyzed using one dimensional 1H NMR spectral profiling. Grain yield, grain volume weight (GVW), and grain protein concentration were also measured. Grain yield increased while protein concentration decreased by release year (p < 0.001). Increasing trends (p < 0.01) were observed for tryptophan, sum of the measured amino acids, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and sum of the measured phenolic acids. Grain yield, phenolic acids, and tryptophan were mainly associated with modern cultivars, whereas grain protein concentration and GVW were associated with historical cultivars. The findings from this study showed changes in concentration of grain components over a century of breeding that may have implications for grain quality and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Poudel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 North 21st Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, USA
| | - Fatema Bhinderwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA.,Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Martha Morton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA.,Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA.,Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
| | - Devin J Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 North 21st Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, USA. .,Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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15
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Momen M, Bhatta M, Hussain W, Yu H, Morota G. Modeling multiple phenotypes in wheat using data-driven genomic exploratory factor analysis and Bayesian network learning. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00304. [PMID: 33532691 PMCID: PMC7833463 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inferring trait networks from a large volume of genetically correlated diverse phenotypes such as yield, architecture, and disease resistance can provide information on the manner in which complex phenotypes are interrelated. However, studies on statistical methods tailored to multidimensional phenotypes are limited, whereas numerous methods are available for evaluating the massive number of genetic markers. Factor analysis operates at the level of latent variables predicted to generate observed responses. The objectives of this study were to illustrate the manner in which data-driven exploratory factor analysis can map observed phenotypes into a smaller number of latent variables and infer a genomic latent factor network using 45 agro-morphological, disease, and grain mineral phenotypes measured in synthetic hexaploid wheat lines (Triticum aestivum L.). In total, eight latent factors including grain yield, architecture, flag leaf-related traits, grain minerals, yellow rust, two types of stem rust, and leaf rust were identified as common sources of the observed phenotypes. The genetic component of the factor scores for each latent variable was fed into a Bayesian network to obtain a trait structure reflecting the genetic interdependency among traits. Three directed paths were consistently identified by two Bayesian network algorithms. Flag leaf-related traits influenced leaf rust, and yellow rust and stem rust influenced grain yield. Additional paths that were identified included flag leaf-related traits to minerals and minerals to architecture. This study shows that data-driven exploratory factor analysis can reveal smaller dimensional common latent phenotypes that are likely to give rise to numerous observed field phenotypes without relying on prior biological knowledge. The inferred genomic latent factor structure from the Bayesian network provides insights for plant breeding to simultaneously improve multiple traits, as an intervention on one trait will affect the values of focal phenotypes in an interrelated complex trait system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Momen
- Department of Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Madhav Bhatta
- Department of AgronomyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Waseem Hussain
- International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Gota Morota
- Department of Animal and Poultry SciencesVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
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16
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Gupta PK, Balyan HS, Sharma S, Kumar R. Biofortification and bioavailability of Zn, Fe and Se in wheat: present status and future prospects. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1-35. [PMID: 33136168 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of genetic variation, genetics, physiology/molecular basis and breeding (including biotechnological approaches) for biofortification and bioavailability for Zn, Fe and Se will help in developing nutritionally improved wheat. Biofortification of wheat cultivars for micronutrients is a priority research area for wheat geneticists and breeders. It is known that during breeding of wheat cultivars for productivity and quality, a loss of grain micronutrient contents occurred, leading to decline in nutritional quality of wheat grain. Keeping this in view, major efforts have been made during the last two decades for achieving biofortification and bioavailability of wheat grain for micronutrients including Zn, Fe and Se. The studies conducted so far included evaluation of gene pools for contents of not only grain micronutrients as above, but also for phytic acid (PA) or phytate and phytase, so that, while breeding for the micronutrients, bioavailability is also improved. For this purpose, QTL interval mapping and GWAS were carried out to identify QTLs/genes and associated markers that were subsequently used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) during breeding for biofortification. Studies have also been conducted to understand the physiology and molecular basis of biofortification, which also allowed identification of genes for uptake, transport and storage of micronutrients. Transgenics using transgenes have also been produced. The breeding efforts led to the development of at least a dozen cultivars with improved contents of grain micronutrients, although land area occupied by these biofortified cultivars is still marginal. In this review, the available information on different aspects of biofortification and bioavailability of micronutrients including Zn, Fe and Se in wheat has been reviewed for the benefit of those, who plan to start work or already conducting research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India.
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
| | - Shailendra Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P, 250004, India
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17
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Ben Mariem S, González-Torralba J, Collar C, Aranjuelo I, Morales F. Durum Wheat Grain Yield and Quality under Low and High Nitrogen Conditions: Insights into Natural Variation in Low- and High-Yielding Genotypes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1636. [PMID: 33255440 PMCID: PMC7760076 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The availability and management of N are major determinants of crop productivity, but N excessive use has an associated agro-ecosystems environmental impact. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of N fertilization on yield and grain quality of 6 durum wheat genotypes, selected from 20 genotypes as high- and low-yielding genotypes. Two N levels were applied from anthesis to maturity: high (½ Hoagland nutrient solution) and low (modified ½ Hoagland with one-third of N). Together with the agronomic characterization, grain quality analyses were assessed to characterize carbohydrates concentration, mineral composition, glutenin and gliadin concentrations, polyphenol profile, and anti-radical activity. Nitrogen supply improved wheat grain yield with no effect on thousand-grain weight. Grain soluble sugars and gluten fractions were increased, but starch concentration was reduced, under high N. Mineral composition and polyphenol concentrations were also improved by N application. High-yielding genotypes had higher grain carbohydrates concentrations, while higher concentrations in grain minerals, gluten fractions, and polyphenols were recorded in the low-yielding ones. Decreasing the amount of N to one-third ensured a better N use efficiency but reduced durum wheat agronomic and quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinda Ben Mariem
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (J.G.-T.); (I.A.)
| | - Jon González-Torralba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (J.G.-T.); (I.A.)
| | - Concha Collar
- Cereals and Cereal-Based Products, Food Science Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (J.G.-T.); (I.A.)
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (S.B.M.); (J.G.-T.); (I.A.)
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18
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Ayalew H, Sorrells ME, Carver BF, Baenziger PS, Ma XF. Selection signatures across seven decades of hard winter wheat breeding in the Great Plains of the United States. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20032. [PMID: 33217215 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Classical plant breeding has been instrumental in changing the genetic makeup of crop plants for better ecological adaptation and improved quality. This paper provides insights of the genomic changes effected in hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through decades of breeding and selection in the Great Plains of the United States. Population structure and differentiation analyses were conducted on 185 wheat cultivars released from 1943 to 2013. Cultivars were grouped into four distinct clusters using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). One of the clusters was unique in that 15 out of the 18 individuals were recent releases (2000-2010), while 12 of the 18 shared the cultivar 'Jagger' in their genetic background. Jagger carries a 2NS/2AS translocation segment from Aegilops ventricosa, an important segment for resistance to several foliar diseases. Using the outlier approach, Wright's population fixation index (Fst) identified 450 loci that were directionally selected. The largest signature of selection was found on chromosome 2A. Genetic diversity was high while the inbreeding coefficient was low, indicating extensive hybridization and germplasm exchange among breeding programs within the region. Foliar disease pressure and selection for resistance helped shape the microevolution of wheat in the southern Great Plains. The results showed that high genetic diversity remains in hard winter wheat cultivars adapted to the Great Plains of the USA, and modern plant breeding did not cause any sizable reduction in genetic diversity of the crop in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark E Sorrells
- Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brett F Carver
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - P Stephen Baenziger
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Xue-Feng Ma
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
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19
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Zhao QY, Xu SJ, Zhang WS, Zhang Z, Yao Z, Chen XP, Zou CQ. Identifying key drivers for geospatial variation of grain micronutrient concentrations in major maize production regions of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115114. [PMID: 32634695 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent health problems worldwide. The maintenance of adequate concentrations of micronutrients in maize grain is crucial for human health. We investigated the overall status and geospatial variation of micronutrients in Chinese maize grains and identified their key drivers. A field survey was conducted in four major maize production areas of China in 2017 with 980 pairs of soil and grain samples collected from famers' fields. At a national scale, grain zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) concentrations varied substantially, with average values of 17.4, 17.3, 4.9, and 1.5 mg kg-1, respectively, suggesting a solid gap between grain Zn and Fe concentrations and the biofortification target values. Significant regional difference in the concentrations of Zn, Mn and Cu, but not Fe, were observed in grain, with much higher levels in Southwest China. The nutritional yields of Zn, Fe and Cu were lower than the energy and Mn yields, indicating an unbalanced output between energy and micronutrients in current maize production system. Grain Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu correlated negatively with maize yield in most test regions. Increased nitrogen (N) rate positively affected grain Zn and Cu, while increased phosphorus (P) rate negatively affects grain Zn and Fe. Apart from Fe, available Zn, Mn and Cu in soil exerted significant positive effects on grain Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations, respectively. Decrease in soil pH and increase in the organic matter content may increase the accumulation of Fe and Mn in grain. Grain Zn and Cu concentrations increased as available soil P decreased. Of the factors considered in this study, grain yield, N and P rates, soil pH and organic matter were the main factors that affect grain micronutrient status and should be more extensively considered in the production and nutritional quality of maize grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yue Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Shi-Jie Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Wu-Shuai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhi Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, PR China
| | - Xin-Ping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, PR China
| | - Chun-Qin Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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20
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Maulana F, Huang W, Anderson JD, Ma XF. Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Seedling Drought Tolerance in Winter Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:573786. [PMID: 33250908 PMCID: PMC7673388 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.573786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the southern Great Plains of the United States, winter wheat grown for dual-purpose is often planted early, which puts it at risk for drought stress at the seedling stage in the autumn. To map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seedling drought tolerance, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on a hard winter wheat association mapping panel. Two sets of plants were planted in the greenhouse initially under well-watered conditions. At the five-leaf stage, one set continued to receive the optimum amount of water, whereas watering was withdrawn from the other set (drought stress treatment) for 14 days to mimic drought stress. Large phenotypic variation was observed in leaf chlorophyll content, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, shoot length, number of leaves per seedling, and seedling recovery. A mixed linear model analysis detected multiple significant QTL associated with seedling drought tolerance-related traits on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6B, and 7B. Among those, 12 stable QTL responding to drought stress for various traits were identified. Shoot length and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence were good indicators in responding to drought stress because most of the drought responding QTL detected using means of these two traits were also detected in at least two experimental repeats. These stable QTL are more valuable for use in marker-assisted selection during wheat breeding. Moreover, different traits were mapped on several common chromosomes, such as 1B, 2B, 3B, and 6B, and two QTL clusters associated with three or more traits were located at 107-130 and 80-83 cM on chromosomes 2B and 6B, respectively. Furthermore, some QTL detected in this study co-localized with previously reported QTL for root and shoot traits at the seedling stage and canopy temperature at the grain-filling stage of wheat. In addition, several of the mapped chromosomes were also associated with drought tolerance during the flowering or grain-filling stage in wheat. Some significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were aligned to candidate genes playing roles in plant abiotic stress responses. The SNP markers identified in this study will be further validated and used for marker-assisted breeding of seedling drought tolerance during dual-purpose wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Maulana
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Wangqi Huang
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Xue-Feng Ma
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
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Wang M, Kong F, Liu R, Fan Q, Zhang X. Zinc in Wheat Grain, Processing, and Food. Front Nutr 2020; 7:124. [PMID: 32974377 PMCID: PMC7471629 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving zinc (Zn) content in wheat and its processed foods is an effective way to solve human Zn deficiency, which can cause a variety of diseases. This article summarizes the works on Zn in wheat grain, wheat processing, and wheat-derived foods. Grain Zn content in wheat was 31.84 mg·kg-1 globally but varied across continents, for example, 25.10 mg·kg-1 in Europe, 29.00 mg·kg-1 in Africa, 33.63 mg·kg-1 in Asia, and 33.91 mg·kg-1 in North America. Grain Zn content in wheat improved from 28.96 to 36.61 mg·kg-1 and that in flour increased from 10.51 to 14.82 mg·kg-1 after Zn fortification. Furthermore, Zn content varied in the different processed components of wheat; that is, Zn content was 12.58 mg·kg-1 in flour, 70.49 mg·kg-1 in shorts, and 86.45 mg·kg-1 in bran. Zinc content was also different in wheat-derived foods, such as 13.65 mg·kg-1 in baked food, 10.65 mg·kg-1 in fried food, and 8.03 mg·kg-1 in cooking food. Therefore, the suitable Zn fortification, appropriate processing, and food type of wheat are important to meet people's Zn requirement through wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fanmei Kong
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqi Fan
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaocun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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22
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Navrotskyi S, Belamkar V, Baenziger PS, Rose DJ. Insights into the Genetic Architecture of Bran Friability and Water Retention Capacity, Two Important Traits for Whole Grain End-Use Quality in Winter Wheat. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E838. [PMID: 32717821 PMCID: PMC7466047 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bran friability (particle size distribution after milling) and water retention capacity (WRC) impact wheat bran functionality in whole grain milling and baking applications. The goal of this study was to identify genomic regions and underlying genes that may be responsible for these traits. The Hard Winter Wheat Association Mapping Panel, which comprised 299 lines from breeding programs in the Great Plains region of the US, was used in a genome-wide association study. Bran friability ranged from 34.5% to 65.9% (median, 51.1%) and WRC ranged from 159% to 458% (median, 331%). Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 5D were significantly associated with bran friability, accounting for 11-12% of the phenotypic variation. One of these SNPs was located within the Puroindoline-b gene, which is known for influencing endosperm texture. Two SNPs on chromosome 4A were tentatively associated with WRC, accounting for 4.6% and 4.4% of phenotypic variation. The favorable alleles at the SNP sites were present in only 15% (friability) and 34% (WRC) of lines, indicating a need to develop new germplasm for these whole-grain end-use quality traits. Validation of these findings in independent populations will be useful for breeding winter wheat cultivars with improved functionality for whole grain food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sviatoslav Navrotskyi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Vikas Belamkar
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - P. Stephen Baenziger
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Devin J. Rose
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
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Hussain W, Campbell MT, Jarquin D, Walia H, Morota G. Variance heterogeneity genome-wide mapping for cadmium in bread wheat reveals novel genomic loci and epistatic interactions. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20011. [PMID: 33016629 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association mapping identifies quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence the mean differences between the marker genotypes for a given trait. While most loci influence the mean value of a trait, certain loci, known as variance heterogeneity QTL (vQTL) determine the variability of the trait instead of the mean trait value (mQTL). In the present study, we performed a variance heterogeneity genome-wide association study (vGWAS) for grain cadmium (Cd) concentration in bread wheat. We used double generalized linear model and hierarchical generalized linear model to identify vQTL associated with grain Cd. We identified novel vQTL regions on chromosomes 2A and 2B that contribute to the Cd variation and loci that affect both mean and variance heterogeneity (mvQTL) on chromosome 5A. In addition, our results demonstrated the presence of epistatic interactions between vQTL and mvQTL, which could explain variance heterogeneity. Overall, we provide novel insights into the genetic architecture of grain Cd concentration and report the first application of vGWAS in wheat. Moreover, our findings indicated that epistasis is an important mechanism underlying natural variation for grain Cd concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Hussain
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Malachy T Campbell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Diego Jarquin
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Gota Morota
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Sidhu JS, Singh D, Gill HS, Brar NK, Qiu Y, Halder J, Al Tameemi R, Turnipseed B, Sehgal SK. Genome-Wide Association Study Uncovers Novel Genomic Regions Associated With Coleoptile Length in Hard Winter Wheat. Front Genet 2020; 10:1345. [PMID: 32117410 PMCID: PMC7025573 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful seedling establishment depends on the optimum depth of seed placement especially in drought-prone conditions, providing an opportunity to exploit subsoil water and increase winter survival in winter wheat. Coleoptile length is a key determinant for the appropriate depth at which seed can be sown. Thus, understanding the genetic basis of coleoptile length is necessary and important for wheat breeding. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a diverse panel of 298 winter wheat genotypes to dissect the genetic architecture of coleoptile length. We identified nine genomic regions associated with the coleoptile length on seven different chromosomes. Of the nine genomic regions, five have been previously reported in various studies, including one mapped to previously known Rht-B1 region. Three novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs), QCL.sdsu-2AS, QCL.sdsu-4BL, and QCL.sdsu-5BL were identified in our study. QCL.sdsu-5BL has a large substitution effect which is comparable to Rht-B1's effect and could be used to compensate for the negative effect of Rht-B1 on coleoptile length. In total, the nine QTLs explained 59% of the total phenotypic variation. Cultivars 'Agate' and 'MT06103' have the longest coleoptile length and interestingly, have favorable alleles at nine and eight coleoptile loci, respectively. These lines could be a valuable germplasm for longer coleoptile breeding. Gene annotations in the candidate regions revealed several putative proteins of specific interest including cytochrome P450-like, expansins, and phytochrome A. The QTLs for coleoptile length linked to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers reported in this study could be employed in marker-assisted breeding for longer coleoptile in wheat. Thus, our study provides valuable insights into the genetic and molecular regulation of the coleoptile length in winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Singh Sidhu
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Dilkaran Singh
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Harsimardeep Singh Gill
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Navreet Kaur Brar
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Yeyan Qiu
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Jyotirmoy Halder
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Rami Al Tameemi
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Brent Turnipseed
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Sunish Kumar Sehgal
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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25
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Prey L, Hu Y, Schmidhalter U. Temporal Dynamics and the Contribution of Plant Organs in a Phenotypically Diverse Population of High-Yielding Winter Wheat: Evaluating Concepts for Disentangling Yield Formation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1295. [PMID: 31736988 PMCID: PMC6829449 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a key requirement for both economic and ecological reasons. Consequently, the genotypic potential for NUE in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) requires further exploitation. Emerging plant phenomic techniques may provide knowledge about traits contributing to grain N uptake (GNup) and grain yield (GY). However, the understanding of beneficial strategies concerning the temporal dynamics of NUE and GY formation and the role of plant organs is still scarce especially under high-yielding European conditions-particularly to discriminate interesting lines in the breeding process. Thus, screening for potentially useful NUE traits in terms of variation, stability, and contribution to target traits will be an essential prerequisite for the development of efficient phenotyping strategies. Therefore, 46 NUE and yield formation traits were assessed in a population of 75 breeding lines over 3 years from 2015 to 2017 in southern Germany, including dry matter (DM), N concentration, and N uptake at anthesis and maturity, both at the aboveground-plant and plant organ levels. Significant genotype and genotypexenvironment effects were observed for all traits. While GY was more related to post-anthesis assimilation, also DM translocation contributed substantially to GY by 31-44%. At maturity, total aboveground DM as opposed to harvest index predominantly determined GY. NUE for GY was better described by N uptake efficiency than by N utilization efficiency. GNup was greatly influenced by variation in GY, but not in grain N concentration, and by total N uptake and not the N harvest index. Post-anthesis N uptake highly depended on the year and was low in comparison to N translocation. However, post-anthesis N uptake was always correlated with GNup, suggesting the need to also consider stay-green strategies under temperate growing conditions. While anthesis traits were only moderately descriptive, GY will be enhanced by increasing total biomass and the N uptake efficiency. Similarly, targeting total N uptake, particularly at post-anthesis, seems to be a rewarding strategy to boost GNup. Thus, high-throughput phenotyping should be targeted rather toward detecting traits related to DM and N acquisition than to the internal allocation and rather to post-anthesis than to anthesis traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Urs Schmidhalter
- Chair of Plant Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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26
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Herzig P, Backhaus A, Seiffert U, von Wirén N, Pillen K, Maurer A. Genetic dissection of grain elements predicted by hyperspectral imaging associated with yield-related traits in a wild barley NAM population. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:151-164. [PMID: 31203880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the accumulation of essential mineral elements in cereal grains is of prime importance for combating human malnutrition. Biofortification by breeding holds great potential for improving nutrient accumulation in grains. However, conventional breeding approaches require element analysis of many grain samples, which causes high costs. Here we applied hyperspectral imaging to estimate the concentration of 15 grain elements (C, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, P, S, Zn) in high-throughput in the wild barley nested association mapping (NAM) population HEB-25, comprising 1,420 BC1S3 lines derived from crossing 25 wild barley accessions with the cultivar 'Barke'. Nutrient concentrations varied largely with a multitude of lines having higher micronutrient concentration than 'Barke'. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we located 75 quantitative trait locus (QTL) hotspots, whereof many could be explained by major genes such as NO APICAL MERISTEM-1 (NAM-1) and PHOTOPERIOD 1 (Ppd-H1). The GWAS approach revealed exotic alleles that were able to increase grain element concentrations. Remarkably, a QTL linked to GIBBERELLIN 20 OXIDASE 2 (HvGA20ox2) significantly increased several grain elements without yield loss. We conclude that introgressing promising exotic alleles into elite breeding material can assist in improving the nutritional value of barley grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Herzig
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Backhaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Sandtorstraße 22, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Seiffert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF), Sandtorstraße 22, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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27
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Ramakrishnan SM, Sidhu JS, Ali S, Kaur N, Wu J, Sehgal SK. Molecular characterization of bacterial leaf streak resistance in hard winter wheat. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7276. [PMID: 31341737 PMCID: PMC6637926 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens is one of the major bacterial diseases threatening wheat production in the United States Northern Great Plains (NGP) region. It is a sporadic but widespread wheat disease that can cause significant loss in grain yield and quality. Identification and characterization of genomic regions in wheat that confer resistance to BLS will help track resistance genes/QTLs in future wheat breeding. In this study, we evaluated a hard winter wheat association mapping panel (HWWAMP) containing 299 hard winter wheat lines from the US hard winter wheat growing region for their reactions to BLS. We observed a range of BLS responses among the lines, importantly, we identified ten genotypes that showed a resistant reaction both in greenhouse and field evaluation. -Genome-wide association analysis with 15,990 SNPs was conducted using an exponentially compressed mixed linear model. Five genomic regions (p < 0.001) that regulate the resistance to BLS were identified on chromosomes 1AL, 1BS, 3AL, 4AL, and 7AS. The QTLs Q.bls.sdsu-1AL, Q.bls.sdsu-1BS, Q.bls.sdsu-3AL, Q.bls.sdsu-4AL, and Q.bls.sdsu-7AS explain a total of 42% of the variation. In silico analysis of sequences in the candidate regions on chromosomes 1AL, 1BS, 3AL, 4AL, and 7AS identified 10, 25, 22, eight, and nine genes, respectively with known plant defense-related functions. Comparative analysis with rice showed two syntenic regions in rice that harbor genes for bacterial leaf streak resistance. The ten BLS resistant genotypes and SNP markers linked to the QTLs identified in our study could facilitate breeding for BLS resistance in winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Mukund Ramakrishnan
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jagdeep Singh Sidhu
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Sunish K. Sehgal
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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28
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The search for candidate genes associated with natural variation of grain Zn accumulation in barley. Biochem J 2019; 476:1889-1909. [PMID: 31164402 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Combating hidden hunger through molecular breeding of nutritionally enriched crops requires a better understanding of micronutrient accumulation. We studied natural variation in grain micronutrient accumulation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and searched for candidate genes by assessing marker-trait associations (MTAs) and by analyzing transcriptional differences between low and high zinc (Zn) accumulating cultivars during grain filling. A collection of 180 barley lines was grown in three different environments. Our results show a pronounced variation in Zn accumulation, which was under strong genotype influence across different environments. Genome-wide association mapping revealed 13 shared MTAs. Across three environments, the most significantly associated marker was on chromosome 2H at 82.8 cM and in close vicinity to two yellow stripe like (YSL) genes. A subset of two pairs of lines with contrasting Zn accumulation was chosen for detailed analysis. Whole ears and flag leaves were analyzed 15 days after pollination to detect transcriptional differences associated with elevated Zn concentrations in the grain. A putative α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CMb precursor was decidedly higher expressed in high Zn cultivars in whole ears in all comparisons. Additionally, a gene similar to barley metal tolerance protein 5 (MTP5) was found to be a potential candidate gene.
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29
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Wiegmann M, Thomas WTB, Bull HJ, Flavell AJ, Zeyner A, Peiter E, Pillen K, Maurer A. "Wild barley serves as a source for biofortification of barley grains". PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:83-94. [PMID: 31128718 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuing growth of the human population creates an inevitable necessity for higher crop yields, which are mandatory for the supply with adequate amounts of food. However, increasing grain yield may lead to a reduction of grain quality, such as a decline in protein and mineral nutrient concentrations causing the so-called hidden hunger. To assess the interdependence between quantity and quality and to evaluate the biofortification potential of wild barley, we conducted field studies, examining the interplay between plant development, yield, and nutrient concentrations, using HEB-YIELD, a subset of the wild barley nested association mapping population HEB-25. A huge variation of nutrient concentration in grains was obtained, since we identified lines with a more than 50% higher grain protein, iron, and zinc concentration in comparison to the recurrent parent 'Barke'. We observed a negative relationship between grain yield and nutritional value in barley, indicated by predominantly negative correlations between yield and nutrient concentrations. Analyzing the genetic control of nutrient concentration in mature grains indicated that numerous genomic regions determine the final nutritional value of grains and wild alleles were frequently associated with higher nutrient concentrations. The targeted introgression of wild barley alleles may enable biofortification in future barley breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Wiegmann
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - William T B Thomas
- The James Hutton Institute (JHI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Hazel J Bull
- The James Hutton Institute (JHI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Andrew J Flavell
- University of Dundee at JHI, School of Life Sciences, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Annette Zeyner
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Animal Nutrition, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Nutrition, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Genomic Regions Associated with 10 Grain Minerals in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103237. [PMID: 30347689 PMCID: PMC6214031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW; Triticum durum L. × Aegilopstauschii Coss.) is a means of introducing novel genes/genomic regions into bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) and a potential genetic resource for improving grain mineral concentrations. We quantified 10 grain minerals (Ca, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn) using an inductively coupled mass spectrometer in 123 SHWs for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A GWAS with 35,648 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified 92 marker-trait associations (MTAs), of which 60 were novel and 40 were within genes, and the genes underlying 20 MTAs had annotations suggesting a potential role in grain mineral concentration. Twenty-four MTAs on the D-genome were novel and showed the potential of Ae. tauschii for improving grain mineral concentrations such as Ca, Co, Cu, Li, Mg, Mn, and Ni. Interestingly, the large number of novel MTAs (36) identified on the AB genome of these SHWs indicated that there is a lot of variation yet to be explored and to be used in the A and B genome along with the D-genome. Regression analysis identified a positive correlation between a cumulative number of favorable alleles at MTA loci in a genotype and grain mineral concentration. Additionally, we identified multi-traits and stable MTAs and recommended 13 top 10% SHWs with a higher concentration of beneficial grain minerals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn), a large number of favorable alleles compared to low ranking genotypes and checks that could be utilized in the breeding program for the genetic biofortification. This study will further enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of grain minerals in wheat and related cereals.
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31
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Ayana GT, Ali S, Sidhu JS, Gonzalez Hernandez JL, Turnipseed B, Sehgal SK. Genome-Wide Association Study for Spot Blotch Resistance in Hard Winter Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:926. [PMID: 30034404 PMCID: PMC6043670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spot blotch (SB) caused by Cochliobolus sativus (anamorph: Bipolaris sorokiniana) is an economically important disease of wheat worldwide. Under a severe epidemic condition, the disease can cause yield losses up to 70%. Previous approaches like bi-parental mapping for identifying SB resistant genes/QTLs exploited only a limited portion of the available genetic diversity with a lower capacity to detect polygenic traits, and had a lower marker density. In this study, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SB resistance in hard winter wheat association mapping panel (HWWAMP) of 294 genotypes. The HWWAMP was evaluated for response to B. sorokiniana (isolate SD40), and a range of reactions was observed with 10 resistant, 38 moderately resistant, 120 moderately resistant- moderately susceptible, 111 moderately susceptible, and 15 susceptible genotypes. GWAS using 15,590 high-quality SNPs and 294 genotypes we identified six QTLs (p = <0.001) on chromosomes 2D, 3A, 4A, 4B, 5A, and 7B that collectively explained 30% of the total variation for SB resistance. Highly associated SNPs were identified for all six QTLs, QSb.sdsu-2D.1 (SNP: Kukri_c31121_1460, R2 = 4%), QSb.sdsu-3A.1 (SNP: Excalibur_c46082_440, R2 = 4%), QSb.sdsu-4A.1 (SNP: IWA8475, R2 = 5.5%), QSb.sdsu-4B.1 (SNP: Excalibur_rep_c79414_306, R2 = 4%), QSb.sdsu-5A.1 (SNP: Kukri_rep_c104877_2166, R2 = 6%), and QSb.sdsu-7B.1 (SNP: TA005844-0160, R2 = 6%). Our study not only validates three (2D, 5A, and 7B) genomic regions identified in previous studies but also provides highly associated SNP markers for marker assisted selection. In addition, we identified three novel QTLs (QSb.sdsu-3A.1, QSb.sdsu-4A.1, and QSb.sdsu-4B.1) for SB resistance in wheat. Gene annotation analysis of the candidate regions identified nine NBS-LRR and 38 other plant defense-related protein families across multiple QTLs, and these could be used for fine mapping and further characterization of SB resistance in wheat. Comparative analysis with barley indicated the SB resistance locus on wheat chromosomes 2D, 3A, 5A, and 7B identified in our study are syntenic to the previously identified SB resistance locus on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 5H, and 7H in barley. The 10 highly resistant genotypes and SNP markers identified in our study could be very useful resources for breeding of SB resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunish K. Sehgal
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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Waters BM, Amundsen K, Graef G. Gene Expression Profiling of Iron Deficiency Chlorosis Sensitive and Tolerant Soybean Indicates Key Roles for Phenylpropanoids under Alkalinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:10. [PMID: 29403520 PMCID: PMC5780454 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline soils comprise 30% of the earth and have low plant-available iron (Fe) concentration, and can cause iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC). IDC causes soybean yield losses of $260 million annually. However, it is not known whether molecular responses to IDC are equivalent to responses to low iron supply. IDC tolerant and sensitive soybean lines provide a contrast to identify specific factors associated with IDC. We used RNA-seq to compare gene expression under combinations of normal pH (5.7) or alkaline pH (7.7, imposed by 2.5 mM bicarbonate, or pH 8.2 imposed by 5 mM bicarbonate) and normal (25 μM) or low (1 μM) iron conditions from roots of these lines. Thus, we were able to treat pH and Fe supply as separate variables. We also noted differential gene expression between IDC sensitive and tolerant genotypes in each condition. Classical iron uptake genes, including ferric-chelate reductase (FCR) and ferrous transporters, were upregulated by both Fe deficiency and alkaline stress, however, their gene products did not function well at alkaline pH. In addition, genes in the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway were upregulated in both alkaline and low Fe conditions. These genes lead to the production of fluorescent root exudate (FluRE) compounds, such as coumarins. Fluorescence of nutrient solution increased with alkaline treatment, and was higher in the IDC tolerant line. Some of these genes also localized to previously identified QTL regions associated with IDC. We hypothesize that FluRE become essential at alkaline pH where the classical iron uptake system does not function well. This work could result in new strategies to screen for IDC tolerance, and provide breeding targets to improve crop alkaline stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Waters
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Ayana GT, Ali S, Sidhu JS, Gonzalez Hernandez JL, Turnipseed B, Sehgal SK. Genome-Wide Association Study for Spot Blotch Resistance in Hard Winter Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 30034404 DOI: 10.3389/fpls00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Spot blotch (SB) caused by Cochliobolus sativus (anamorph: Bipolaris sorokiniana) is an economically important disease of wheat worldwide. Under a severe epidemic condition, the disease can cause yield losses up to 70%. Previous approaches like bi-parental mapping for identifying SB resistant genes/QTLs exploited only a limited portion of the available genetic diversity with a lower capacity to detect polygenic traits, and had a lower marker density. In this study, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SB resistance in hard winter wheat association mapping panel (HWWAMP) of 294 genotypes. The HWWAMP was evaluated for response to B. sorokiniana (isolate SD40), and a range of reactions was observed with 10 resistant, 38 moderately resistant, 120 moderately resistant- moderately susceptible, 111 moderately susceptible, and 15 susceptible genotypes. GWAS using 15,590 high-quality SNPs and 294 genotypes we identified six QTLs (p = <0.001) on chromosomes 2D, 3A, 4A, 4B, 5A, and 7B that collectively explained 30% of the total variation for SB resistance. Highly associated SNPs were identified for all six QTLs, QSb.sdsu-2D.1 (SNP: Kukri_c31121_1460, R2 = 4%), QSb.sdsu-3A.1 (SNP: Excalibur_c46082_440, R2 = 4%), QSb.sdsu-4A.1 (SNP: IWA8475, R2 = 5.5%), QSb.sdsu-4B.1 (SNP: Excalibur_rep_c79414_306, R2 = 4%), QSb.sdsu-5A.1 (SNP: Kukri_rep_c104877_2166, R2 = 6%), and QSb.sdsu-7B.1 (SNP: TA005844-0160, R2 = 6%). Our study not only validates three (2D, 5A, and 7B) genomic regions identified in previous studies but also provides highly associated SNP markers for marker assisted selection. In addition, we identified three novel QTLs (QSb.sdsu-3A.1, QSb.sdsu-4A.1, and QSb.sdsu-4B.1) for SB resistance in wheat. Gene annotation analysis of the candidate regions identified nine NBS-LRR and 38 other plant defense-related protein families across multiple QTLs, and these could be used for fine mapping and further characterization of SB resistance in wheat. Comparative analysis with barley indicated the SB resistance locus on wheat chromosomes 2D, 3A, 5A, and 7B identified in our study are syntenic to the previously identified SB resistance locus on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 5H, and 7H in barley. The 10 highly resistant genotypes and SNP markers identified in our study could be very useful resources for breeding of SB resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma T Ayana
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Jagdeep S Sidhu
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Jose L Gonzalez Hernandez
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Brent Turnipseed
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Sunish K Sehgal
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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Hsieh EJ, Waters BM. Alkaline stress and iron deficiency regulate iron uptake and riboflavin synthesis gene expression differently in root and leaf tissue: implications for iron deficiency chlorosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5671-5685. [PMID: 27605716 PMCID: PMC5066488 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral that has low solubility in alkaline soils, where its deficiency results in chlorosis. Whether low Fe supply and alkaline pH stress are equivalent is unclear, as they have not been treated as separate variables in molecular physiological studies. Additionally, molecular responses to these stresses have not been studied in leaf and root tissues simultaneously. We tested how plants with the Strategy I Fe uptake system respond to Fe deficiency at mildly acidic and alkaline pH by measuring root ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity and expression of selected Fe uptake genes and riboflavin synthesis genes. Alkaline pH increased cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) root FCR activity at full Fe supply, but alkaline stress abolished FCR response to low Fe supply. Alkaline pH or low Fe supply resulted in increased expression of Fe uptake genes, but riboflavin synthesis genes responded to Fe deficiency but not alkalinity. Iron deficiency increased expression of some common genes in roots and leaves, but alkaline stress blocked up-regulation of these genes in Fe-deficient leaves. In roots of the melon (Cucumis melo L.) fefe mutant, in which Fe uptake responses are blocked upstream of Fe uptake genes, alkaline stress or Fe deficiency up-regulation of certain Fe uptake and riboflavin synthesis genes was inhibited, indicating a central role for the FeFe protein. These results suggest a model implicating shoot-to-root signaling of Fe status to induce Fe uptake gene expression in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA
| | - Brian M Waters
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA
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Helfenstein J, Müller I, Grüter R, Bhullar G, Mandloi L, Papritz A, Siegrist M, Schulin R, Frossard E. Organic Wheat Farming Improves Grain Zinc Concentration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160729. [PMID: 27537548 PMCID: PMC4990241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) nutrition is of key relevance in India, as a large fraction of the population suffers from Zn malnutrition and many soils contain little plant available Zn. In this study we compared organic and conventional wheat cropping systems with respect to DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Zn as a proxy for plant available Zn, yield, and grain Zn concentration. We analyzed soil and wheat grain samples from 30 organic and 30 conventional farms in Madhya Pradesh (central India), and conducted farmer interviews to elucidate sociological and management variables. Total and DTPA-extractable soil Zn concentrations and grain yield (3400 kg ha-1) did not differ between the two farming systems, but with 32 and 28 mg kg-1 respectively, grain Zn concentrations were higher on organic than conventional farms (t = -2.2, p = 0.03). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analyses revealed that (a) total soil zinc and sulfur concentrations were the best predictors of DTPA-extractable soil Zn, (b) Olsen phosphate taken as a proxy for available soil phosphorus, exchangeable soil potassium, harvest date, training of farmers in nutrient management, and soil silt content were the best predictors of yield, and (c) yield, Olsen phosphate, grain nitrogen, farmyard manure availability, and the type of cropping system were the best predictors of grain Zn concentration. Results suggested that organic wheat contained more Zn despite same yield level due to higher nutrient efficiency. Higher nutrient efficiency was also seen in organic wheat for P, N and S. The study thus suggests that appropriate farm management can lead to competitive yield and improved Zn concentration in wheat grains on organic farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Helfenstein
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabel Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Roman Grüter
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gurbir Bhullar
- Department of International Cooperation, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Lokendra Mandloi
- Research Division, bioRe Association, Kasrawad, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Andreas Papritz
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Siegrist
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Schulin
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
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Grogan SM, Brown-Guedira G, Haley SD, McMaster GS, Reid SD, Smith J, Byrne PF. Allelic Variation in Developmental Genes and Effects on Winter Wheat Heading Date in the U.S. Great Plains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152852. [PMID: 27058239 PMCID: PMC4825937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heading date in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other small grain cereals is affected by the vernalization and photoperiod pathways. The reduced-height loci also have an effect on growth and development. Heading date, which occurs just prior to anthesis, was evaluated in a population of 299 hard winter wheat entries representative of the U.S. Great Plains region, grown in nine environments during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. The germplasm was evaluated for candidate genes at vernalization (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-D1), photoperiod (Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1), and reduced-height (Rht-B1 and Rht-D1) loci using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assays. Our objectives were to determine allelic variants known to affect flowering time, assess the effect of allelic variants on heading date, and investigate changes in the geographic and temporal distribution of alleles and haplotypes. Our analyses enhanced understanding of the roles developmental genes have on the timing of heading date in wheat under varying environmental conditions, which could be used by breeding programs to improve breeding strategies under current and future climate scenarios. The significant main effects and two-way interactions between the candidate genes explained an average of 44% of variability in heading date at each environment. Among the loci we evaluated, most of the variation in heading date was explained by Ppd-D1, Ppd-B1, and their interaction. The prevalence of the photoperiod sensitive alleles Ppd-A1b, Ppd-B1b, and Ppd-D1b has gradually decreased in U.S. Great Plains germplasm over the past century. There is also geographic variation for photoperiod sensitive and reduced-height alleles, with germplasm from breeding programs in the northern Great Plains having greater incidences of the photoperiod sensitive alleles and lower incidence of the semi-dwarf alleles than germplasm from breeding programs in the central or southern plains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Grogan
- Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Regional Small Grains Genotyping Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Haley
- Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. McMaster
- Agricultural Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Reid
- Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jared Smith
- Regional Small Grains Genotyping Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick F. Byrne
- Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Guttieri MJ, Seabourn BW, Liu C, Baenziger PS, Waters BM. Distribution of Cadmium, Iron, and Zinc in Millstreams of Hard Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10681-10688. [PMID: 26568286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop in the Great Plains of the United States, and our previous work demonstrated that wheat genotypes vary for grain cadmium accumulation with some exceeding the CODEX standard (0.2 mg kg(-1)). Previous reports of cadmium distribution in flour milling fractions have not included high cadmium grain. This study measured the distribution of cadmium, zinc, and iron in flour and bran streams from high cadmium (0.352 mg kg(-1)) grain on a pilot mill that produced 12 flour and four bran streams. Recovery in flour was substantially greater for cadmium (50%) than for zinc (31%) or iron (22%). Cadmium, zinc, and iron in the lowest mineral concentration flour stream, representing the purest endosperm fraction, were 52, 22, and 11%, respectively, of initial grain concentration. Our results indicate that, relative to zinc and iron, a greater proportion of cadmium is stored in the endosperm, the source of white flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Guttieri
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska , 279 Plant Science Hall, 1875 N 38th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0915, United States
| | - Bradford W Seabourn
- United States Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Quality Lab, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, United States
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska , 279 Plant Science Hall, 1875 N 38th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0915, United States
| | - P Stephen Baenziger
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska , 279 Plant Science Hall, 1875 N 38th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0915, United States
| | - Brian M Waters
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska , 279 Plant Science Hall, 1875 N 38th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0915, United States
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